Explicando 12 estilos da arquitetura moderna | ArchDaily Brasil
Compilamos uma lista detalhada com exemplos dos principais estilos que definiram a arquitetura do século 20.
cunhado em 1932
O termo International Style foi <anchor>cunhado em 1932</anchor> por Philip Johnson e Henry-Russel Hitchcock, curadores da célebre exposição Modern Architecture International Exhibition no Museu de Arte Moderna de Nova Iorque. Como uma evolução natural dos princípios modernistas importados da Europa, o International Style descreve o momento em que o modernismo europeu se espalhou pelos quatro cantos do mundo, especialmente nos Estados Unidos. Caracterizado por uma geometria simples e pela falta de ornamentação, o estilo se alastrou rapidamente pelas grandes cidades americanas, impulsionado pela massiva construção de arranha-céus de aço e vidro.
AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock | ArchDaily
AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock \| ArchDaily

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5. AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock

# AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock

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[![AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock - Image 2 of 8](https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/51f8/22b8/e8e4/4ef7/d400/0151/large_jpg/515f52f5b3fc4bc5260001f3_out-of-site-in-plain-view-a-history-of-exhibiting-architecture-since-1750_villa_savoye_model_1932-1000x720.jpg?1375216309)Model of Le Corbusier’s Villa Savoye from Modern Architecture: International Exhibition \[MoMA Exh. #15, February 9-March 23, 1932\] Photo: Modern Architecture, International Exhibition. 1932. The Museum of Modern Art, New York. Photographic Archive](/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f822b8e8e44ef7d4000151-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image)

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“Modern Architecture: International Exhibition” is the title of an exhibition that took place in 1932 at the Museum of Modern Art in [New York City](https://www.archdaily.com/tag/new-york-city). Curated by [Philip Johnson](https://www.archdaily.com/tag/philip-johnson) and Henry-Russell Hitchcock, the exhibition introduced an emerging architectural style characterized by simplified geometry and a lack of ornamentation; known as the “International Style,” it was described by Johnson as “probably the first fundamentally original and widely distributed style since the Gothic.” The exhibition, along with an accompanying catalogue, laid the principles for the canon of Modern architecture.

[![AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock - Image 2 of 8](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==)](/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f822b8e8e44ef7d4000151-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image)[![AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock - Image 3 of 8](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==)](/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f824c6e8e44ef7d4000153-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image)[![AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock - Garden](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==)](/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f82cf3e8e44e6257000167-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image)[![AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock - Courtyard](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==)](/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f82d4de8e44ef7d400015d-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image)[![AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock - More Images](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)\+ 3](/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f82342e8e44e625700015c-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image)

In 1930 Alfred Barr, the then director of the MoMA, initiated the museum’s first architectural exhibition, claiming that "The Museum of Modern Art has closely followed this international activity in architecture. Although the Museum has until now exhibited only works of painting and sculpture, it has felt the need since its inception for a comprehensive exhibition of modern architecture.”\[1\] To curate the exhibition, Barr asked the historian Henry-Russell Hitchcock and architect [Philip Johnson](https://www.archdaily.com/tag/philip-johnson), who both spent the following two years researching and collecting materials in Europe. The exhibition opened on February 10th 1932 in the MoMA’s Heckscher building, and was attended by 33 thousand people during its six-week duration.

[Save this picture!](https://www.archdaily.com/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f82342e8e44e625700015c-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image "Save image")

[![AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock - Countertop, Kitchen, Windows, Sink](https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/51f8/2342/e8e4/4e62/5700/015c/large_jpg/BullocksSmall.jpg?1375216446)](/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f82342e8e44e625700015c-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image) View of Modern Architecture - International Exhibition as displayed at Bullocks-Wilshire Department Store, Los Angeles, CA, July 23 - August 30, 1932 (Source: Terence Riley, The International Style: Exhibition 15 and the Museum of Modern Art \[New York: Rizzoli, 1992\], p. 42)

Through photographs, drawings and specially crafted models, the carefully curated exhibition illustrated the characteristics of the new style which had emerged in Europe since 1922. The main section of the exhibition, titled “Modern Architects,” presented projects by the “four leaders of modern architecture”: Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius, Mies van der Rohe and J.J.P. Oud. The exhibition also included two other sections: “Housing” presented the need for a new domestic environment and “The Extent of Modern Architecture” displayed works by thirty seven architects from fifteen different countries.

[Save this picture!](https://www.archdaily.com/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f82cf3e8e44e6257000167-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image "Save image")

[![AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock - Garden](https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/51f8/2cf3/e8e4/4e62/5700/0167/large_jpg/1288061919-villa-savoye-4.jpg?1375218926)Villa Savoye by Le Corbusier © Flavio Bragaia](/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f82cf3e8e44e6257000167-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image)

The exhibition presented three major principles that laid the foundation of the new “style”: the emphasis of volume over mass, the regularity and standardisation of elements, and the avoidance of ornament. These principles were applied through architectural elements such as ribbon windows, flat roofs, screen walls, non-structural partitions, as well as a simple use of color and geometry. By emphasizing and categorizing these repeated aspects of the designs, the exhibition established a new “style” in architecture.

[Save this picture!](https://www.archdaily.com/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f82d4de8e44ef7d400015d-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image "Save image")

[![AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock - Courtyard](https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/51f8/2d4d/e8e4/4ef7/d400/015d/large_jpg/1297020019-bcn-pavilion-gandolas.jpg?1375219016)](/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f82d4de8e44ef7d400015d-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image) [Barcelona Pavilion by Mies van der Rohe © Flickr User: gondolas. Used under](/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f82d4de8e44ef7d400015d-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image) [Creative Commons](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/)

Like many curators who aspire to create a coherent exhibition, Johnson and Hitchcock excluded major aspects of current architecture that did not fall under their strict aesthetic criteria. For example, for the sake of uniformity and categorization, Johnson and Hitchcock ignored significant works of 1920‘s and 1930‘s Expressionist and Organic Architecture, whose biomorphic forms had a fundamental influence on modern architecture.

[Save this picture!](https://www.archdaily.com/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f994a7e8e44ef7d4000206-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image "Save image")

[![AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock - Windows, Facade](https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/51f9/94a7/e8e4/4ef7/d400/0206/large_jpg/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0204-305__Dessau__Bauhaus.jpg?1375311012)The Bauhaus Building by Walter Gropius in Dessaue. Photo by Lehmann Thomas](/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f994a7e8e44ef7d4000206-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image)

The exhibition was accompanied by an extensive catalogue, which was to serve as an educational tool. Originally published under the title “The [International Style](https://www.archdaily.com/tag/international-style): Architecture Since 1922,” the book played a crucial role in giving a permanent validity to the exhibition, complementing its content rather than documenting it. The book catalogued the morphological and compositional elements of the new style, thus serving not only as an important historical document, but also as a guide book for Modern architecture.

[Save this picture!](https://www.archdaily.com/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51fa5f75e8e44e3ef70001f0-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image "Save image")

[![AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock - Windows](https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/51fa/5f75/e8e4/4e3e/f700/01f0/medium_jpg/113014.jpg?1375362929)Kiefhook Housing estate by J.J.P Oud. via lanternslide.wikispaces.com](/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51fa5f75e8e44e3ef70001f0-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image)

Although the event awarded the participating architects with worldwide recognition, it also unified them for posterity, an idea which was not favored by all. Insulted by the prospect of being placed alongside "inferior" peers, Frank Lloyd Wright withdrew from the exhibition only one month prior to its opening. He explains his decision in a Telegram to [Philip Johnson](https://www.archdaily.com/tag/philip-johnson) in January 1932:

> “My way has been too long and too lonely to make a belated bow to my people as a modern architect in company with a self advertising amateur \[Raymond Hood\] and a high powered salesman \[Richard Neutra\]. no bitterness and sorry but kindly and finally drop me out of your promotion.”\[2\]

[Save this picture!](https://www.archdaily.com/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f824c6e8e44ef7d4000153-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image "Save image")

[![AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock - Image 3 of 8](https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/51f8/24c6/e8e4/4ef7/d400/0153/large_jpg/hitchcock_international_style_1932_01.jpg?1375216833)Henry-Russell Hitchcock, Jr. and Philip Johnson: THE INTERNATIONAL STYLE: ARCHITECTURE SINCE 1922. via www.modernism101.com](/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f824c6e8e44ef7d4000153-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image)

The “Modern Architecture: International exhibition” represents the crystallization of a definitive architectural movement. Much like 1988’s “Deconstructivist architecture” exhibition at the MoMA, also curated by [Philip Johnson](https://www.archdaily.com/tag/philip-johnson), the exhibition marked the first time the “International Style” became institutionalized and officially recognized.

1. The official MoMA announcement from 1931

2. The Show To End All Shows - Frank Lloyd Wright and the Museum of Modern Art, 1940", John Elderfiel

[Other](https://www.archdaily.com/search/projects/categories/other)

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New York City, [United States](https://www.archdaily.com/search/projects/country/united-states)

- Architects: [Philip Johnson and Henry - Russell Hitchcock](https://www.archdaily.com/office/philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock?ad_name=project-specs&ad_medium=single)

- YearCompletion year of this architecture project
Year:
[1932](https://www.archdaily.com/search/projects/year/1932?ad_name=project-specs&ad_medium=single)

## Project gallery

- [![AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock - Countertop, Kitchen, Windows, Sink](https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/51f8/2342/e8e4/4e62/5700/015c/medium_jpg/BullocksSmall.jpg?1375216446)](/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f82342e8e44e625700015c-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image "AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock")
- [![AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock - Image 2 of 8](https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/51f8/22b8/e8e4/4ef7/d400/0151/medium_jpg/515f52f5b3fc4bc5260001f3_out-of-site-in-plain-view-a-history-of-exhibiting-architecture-since-1750_villa_savoye_model_1932-1000x720.jpg?1375216309)](/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f822b8e8e44ef7d4000151-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image "AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock")
- [![AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock - Image 3 of 8](https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/51f8/24c6/e8e4/4ef7/d400/0153/medium_jpg/hitchcock_international_style_1932_01.jpg?1375216833)](/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f824c6e8e44ef7d4000153-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image "AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock")
- [![AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock - Garden](https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/51f8/2cf3/e8e4/4e62/5700/0167/medium_jpg/1288061919-villa-savoye-4.jpg?1375218926)](/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f82cf3e8e44e6257000167-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image "AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock")
- [![AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock - Courtyard](https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/51f8/2d4d/e8e4/4ef7/d400/015d/medium_jpg/1297020019-bcn-pavilion-gandolas.jpg?1375219016)](/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f82d4de8e44ef7d400015d-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image "AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock")
- [![AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock - Image 6 of 8](https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/51f8/247c/e8e4/4e62/5700/015e/medium_jpg/m101_hitchcock_international_style_1932.jpg?1375216761)](/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f8247ce8e44e625700015e-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image "AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock")
- [![AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock - Windows, Facade](https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/51f9/94a7/e8e4/4ef7/d400/0206/medium_jpg/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0204-305__Dessau__Bauhaus.jpg?1375311012)](/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51f994a7e8e44ef7d4000206-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image "AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock")
- [![AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock - Windows](https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/51fa/5f75/e8e4/4e3e/f700/01f0/medium_jpg/113014.jpg?1375362929)](/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock/51fa5f75e8e44e3ef70001f0-ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock-image "AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock")

See allShow less

## Project location

### Address:museum of modern art new york

![Click to open map](https://images.adsttc.com/media/image_maps/51f8/2226/e8e4/4e9a/a300/00cc/large/open-uri20151221-26722-1wbry6n.jpg?1450681393)

Location to be used only as a reference. It could indicate city/country but not exact address.

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## **\#Tags**

[Projects](/projects) [Built Projects](/built-projects) [Architecture Classics](/architecture-classics) [Other](https://www.archdaily.com/search/projects/categories/other "Other") [New York City](https://www.archdaily.com/tag/new-york-city "New York City") [Exhibition](https://www.archdaily.com/tag/exhibition "Exhibition") [International Style](https://www.archdaily.com/tag/international-style "International Style") [Philip Johnson](https://www.archdaily.com/tag/philip-johnson "Philip Johnson") [Modern Architecture](https://www.archdaily.com/tag/modern-architecture "Modern Architecture") [United States](/country/united-states "United States")

Published on August 02, 2013

**Cite:** Gili Merin. "AD Classics: Modern Architecture International Exhibition / Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock" 02 Aug 2013. ArchDaily. Accessed . <https://www.archdaily.com/409918/ad-classics-modern-architecture-international-exhibition-philip-johnson-and-henry-russell-hitchcock> ISSN 0719-8884

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