5 desafios gigantes que a exploração espacial precisa enfrentar
A NASA estima que só vai conseguir colocar pessoas em Marte em 2030, e outros planetas são desafios ainda maiores. Você saberia dizer quais ...
detalhou bastante neste artigo
Aqui na Terra, uma das maiores ameaças que o Sol nos traz é a radiação — com a Space <anchor>detalhou bastante neste artigo</anchor>. Felizmente, a camada de ozônio, a atmosfera e os campos magnéticos nos protegem de grande parte dos raios danosos — outros exigem que utilizemos filtros de proteção. Alguns planetas e luas possuem um sistema similar, mas há outros que não trazem nenhuma proteção, sendo que existem ainda planetas com campos magnéticos que pioram a situação.
How Radiation in Space Poses a Threat to Human Exploration (Infographic) | Space
How Radiation in Space Poses a Threat to Human Exploration (Infographic) \| Space[Skip to main content](#main)

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# Space Radiation Threat to Astronauts Explained (Infographic)

[Infographics](https://www.space.com/infographics)

By [Karl Tate](https://www.space.com/author/karl-tate)

published 30 May 2013

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![Infographic: How Radiation in Space Threatens Human Exploration](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/o57ivUbKVwmKrRFuCUcqPj.jpg)

Humans traveling beyond the protection of Earth's atmosphere and magnetic field risk radiation-caused cancers and other diseases.(Image credit: Karl Tate, SPACE.com Infographics Artist)

Radiation in space takes the form of subatomic particles from the sun as well as from sources in the Milky Way galaxy and beyond. These high-speed particles tear through DNA molecules, splitting them or damaging the instructions they have encoded for cell reproduction. The damaged DNA can lead to cancers or other diseases.

[Radiation exposure](https://www.youtube.com/user/VideoFromSpace) can be acute (a high dose in a short period of time) or chronic (low levels of radiation over a long time).

The magnetic field generated by electric currents in the Earth’s liquid iron core extends far into space, shielding the planet from 99.9 percent of harmful radiation. The Earth’s atmosphere provides additional protection, equal to a slab of metal about 3 feet (1 meter) thick.

For people outside the protection of Earth's magnetic field, space radiation becomes a serious hazard.

An instrument aboard the Curiosity Mars rover during its 253-day deep-space cruise revealed that [the radiation dose received by an astronaut](https://www.space.com/21359-mars-radiation-manned-mission.html) on even the shortest Earth-Mars round trip would be about 0.66 sievert. This amount is like receiving a whole-body CT scan every five or six days.

A dose of 1 sievert is associated with a 5.5 percent increase in the risk of fatal cancers. The normal daily radiation dose received by the average person living on Earth is 10 microsieverts (0.00001 sievert).

The moon has no atmosphere and a very weak magnetic field. Astronauts living there would have to provide their own protection, for example by burying their habitat underground.

The [planet Mars](https://www.space.com/47-mars-the-red-planet-fourth-planet-from-the-sun.html) has no global magnetic field. Particles from the sun have stripped away most of Mars’ atmosphere, resulting in very poor protection against radiation at the surface. The highest air pressure on Mars is equal to that at an altitude of 22 miles (35 kilometers) above the Earth’s surface. At low altitudes, Mars’ atmosphere provides slightly better protection from space radiation.

- [Mars Rover Curiosity: Mars Science Lab Coverage](https://www.space.com/tag/curiosity-mars-rover)
- [Photos: Curiosity Rover, NASA's Mars Science Laboratory](https://www.space.com/12004-nasa-mars-rover-curiosity-photos-mars-science-laboratory.html)
- [Will Radiation Kill Mars Astronauts? \| Video](https://www.youtube.com/user/VideoFromSpace)

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Karl's association with Space.com goes back to 2000, when he was hired to produce interactive Flash graphics. From 2010 to 2016, Karl worked as an infographics specialist across all editorial properties of Purch (formerly known as TechMediaNetwork).  Before joining Space.com, Karl spent 11 years at the New York headquarters of The Associated Press, creating news graphics for use around the world in newspapers and on the web.  He has a degree in graphic design from Louisiana State University and now works as a freelance graphic designer in New York City.

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