파리 올림픽 마스코트 프리기아 모자 '프리주'에 담긴 역사와 의미 - BBC
게다가 올림픽 조직위원회는 기존 올림픽과 달리 경기장에서가 아닌 에펠탑의 그늘 아래 센 강변에서 개막식을 치를 수 있길 바라고 있다. 그렇다면 제33 ...
브리태니커
프리기아 모자의 이름은 ‘프리기아’로 거슬러 올라간다. ‘ <anchor>브리태니커</anchor>’ 백과사전에 따르면 히타이트가 멸망(기원전 12세기)하고 리디아가 부상(기원전 7세기)하던 사이 아나톨리아 일대를 지배하며, 그리스인들이 ‘프리게스’라고 불렀던 사람들의 이름에서 따온 ‘고대 시대 아나톨리아 중서부 지역’을 가리킨다.
Phrygia | Ancient Kingdom, Anatolia, Turkey | Britannica
Phrygia \| Ancient Kingdom, Anatolia, Turkey \| Britannica

[![Encyclopedia Britannica](https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/MendelNewThistleLogo.png)](/)

Search BritannicaClick here to search

[![Encyclopedia Britannica](https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/MendelNewThistleLogo.png)](/)

Search BritannicaClick here to search

[Subscribe  Now](https://premium.britannica.com/premium-membership/?utm_source=premium&utm_medium=global-nav&utm_campaign=evergreen)

[Subscribe](https://premium.britannica.com/premium-membership/?utm_source=premium&utm_medium=global-nav-mobile&utm_campaign=evergreen)

Login

- [Home](/)
- [History & Society](/History-Society)
- [Science & Tech](/Science-Tech)
- [Biographies](/Biographies)
- [Animals & Nature](/Animals-Nature)
- [Geography & Travel](/Geography-Travel)
- [Arts & Culture](/Arts-Culture)
- [Money](/money)

- [Games & Quizzes](/quiz/browse)
- [Videos](/videos)
- [On This Day](/on-this-day)
- [One Good Fact](/one-good-fact)
- [Dictionary](/dictionary)
- [New Articles](/new-articles)

[History & Society](/History-Society)

- [Lifestyles & Social Issues](/browse/Lifestyles-Social-Issues)
- [Philosophy & Religion](/browse/Philosophy-Religion)
- [Politics, Law & Government](/browse/Politics-Law-Government)
- [World History](/browse/World-History)

[Science & Tech](/Science-Tech)

- [Health & Medicine](/browse/Health-Medicine)
- [Science](/browse/Science)
- [Technology](/browse/Technology)

[Biographies](/Biographies)

- [Browse Biographies](/browse/biographies)

[Animals & Nature](/Animals-Nature)

- [Birds, Reptiles & Other Vertebrates](/browse/Birds-Reptiles-Vertebrates)
- [Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates](/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates)
- [Environment](/browse/Environment)
- [Fossils & Geologic Time](/browse/Fossil-Geologic-Time)
- [Mammals](/browse/Mammals)
- [Plants](/browse/Plants)

[Geography & Travel](/Geography-Travel)

- [Geography & Travel](/browse/Geography-Travel)

[Arts & Culture](/Arts-Culture)

- [Entertainment & Pop Culture](/browse/Entertainment-Pop-Culture)
- [Literature](/browse/Literature)
- [Sports & Recreation](/browse/Sports-Recreation)
- [Visual Arts](/browse/Visual-Arts)

- [Companions](/stories/companion)
- [Demystified](/stories/demystified)
- [Image Galleries](/gallery/browse)
- [Infographics](https://www.britannica.com/study/infographics)
- [Lists](/list/browse)
- [Podcasts](/podcasts)
- [Spotlight](/stories/spotlight)
- [Summaries](/summary)
- [The Forum](/stories/the-forum)
- [Top Questions](/question)
- [#WTFact](/stories/wtfact)

- [100 Women](https://www.britannica.com/explore/100women/)
- [Britannica Kids](https://kids.britannica.com/)
- [Saving Earth](https://www.britannica.com/explore/savingearth/)
- [Space Next 50](https://www.britannica.com/explore/space/)
- [Student Center](https://www.britannica.com/study/)

[Ask the Chatbot](/chatbot) [Games & Quizzes](/quiz/browse) [History & Society](/History-Society) [Science & Tech](/Science-Tech) [Biographies](/Biographies) [Animals & Nature](/Animals-Nature) [Geography & Travel](/Geography-Travel) [Arts & Culture](/Arts-Culture) [Money](/money) [Videos](/videos)

[Phrygia](https://www.britannica.com/place/Phrygia)

Table of Contents


Introduction
[References & Edit History](https://www.britannica.com/place/Phrygia/additional-info) [Related Topics](/facts/Phrygia)

[Images](https://www.britannica.com/place/Phrygia/images-videos)

[![youth wearing a Phrygian cap](https://cdn.britannica.com/93/44593-004-03359639/cap-Attis-Ganymede-marble-bust-Phrygian-Fitzwilliam.jpg)](https://cdn.britannica.com/93/44593-050-24DBF415/cap-Attis-Ganymede-marble-bust-Phrygian-Fitzwilliam.jpg)

Quizzes


[![Temple of Artemis at Jerash, Jordan. (Jarash, Jordan)](https://cdn.britannica.com/50/168950-131-85A9F25B/Temple-of-Artemis-Jerash-Jordan.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/quiz/ancient-anatolia)

[Ancient Anatolia](/quiz/ancient-anatolia)

Related Questions


- [Where is Anatolia located?](/question/Where-is-Anatolia-located)
- [When did the Mongols rule Anatolia?](/question/When-did-the-Mongols-rule-Anatolia)
- [When did Anatolia become part of the Ottoman Empire?](/question/When-did-Anatolia-become-part-of-the-Ottoman-Empire)

Read Next


[![Anatolian Alevi Muslims perform Semah at a Djemevi (cem house or cemevi) to celebrate Newroz -the arrival of spring - the "Rite of Unity". They pray together in this special mass officiated by religious Alevi leader "Dede", performed dhikr and performed Semah - a religious dance, in Ismir, Turkey, March 26, 2022](https://cdn.britannica.com/57/243757-131-140CC411/Alevi-muslims-dance-Semah-celebrate-Spring-Newroz-Ismir-Turkey.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/story/who-are-the-alevis-in-turkey)

[Who Are the Alevis in Turkey?](/story/who-are-the-alevis-in-turkey)

Discover


[![Andrew Jackson delivering a speech while on his way to Washington, D.C., for his inauguration in 1829. From Harper's Weekly, 1881.](https://cdn.britannica.com/94/182194-131-A1441287/Andrew-Jackson-town-supporters-inauguration-way-1829.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/list/5-remarkably-close-us-presidential-elections)

[5 Remarkably Close U.S. Presidential Elections](/list/5-remarkably-close-us-presidential-elections)

[![United States Electoral College votes by state](https://cdn.britannica.com/68/220368-131-C835E48E/United-States-electoral-college-votes-by-state.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/story/how-many-electoral-college-votes-does-each-us-state-have)

[How Many Electoral College Votes Does Each U.S. State Have?](/story/how-many-electoral-college-votes-does-each-us-state-have)

[![The Battle of New Orleans, by E. Percy Moran, c. 1910. Andrew Jackson, War of 1812.](https://cdn.britannica.com/94/159994-131-8E828D22/Battle-of-New-Orleans-oil-painting-E-1910.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/story/25-decade-defining-events-in-us-history)

[26 Decade-Defining Events in U.S. History](/story/25-decade-defining-events-in-us-history)

[![Close-up of ostriches (Struthio camelus) necks and heads; location unknown.](https://cdn.britannica.com/58/152058-131-0EB52C8F/Ostriches.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/list/6-of-the-worlds-most-dangerous-birds)

[6 of the World's Most Dangerous Birds](/list/6-of-the-worlds-most-dangerous-birds)

[![Clouds of smoke rise from fires at the World Trade Center Towers as a result of terrorist attack on September 11, 2001. Photographed 9:54 am in Lower Manhattan.](https://cdn.britannica.com/24/199824-131-8B2223A9/smoke-rise-Clouds-fires-result-terrorist-attack-September-11-2001.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/list/timeline-of-the-september-11-attacks)

[Timeline of the September 11 Attacks](/list/timeline-of-the-september-11-attacks)

[![Bakers Dozen of Donuts, or Paczki's](https://cdn.britannica.com/78/194478-131-980A335B/Bakers-Dozen-of-Donuts-Paczki.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/story/why-is-a-bakers-dozen-13)

[Why Is a Baker’s Dozen 13?](/story/why-is-a-bakers-dozen-13)

[![A group of diverse individuals, who represent various occupations, stand with their arms raised in the air. labor day; laborers; construction worker; teacher; nurse; doctor; assistant; office staff; blue collar; workforce](https://cdn.britannica.com/40/239640-131-052DF02A/diverse-group-occupations-workforce.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop)](/story/why-is-labor-day-celebrated-in-september)

[Why Is Labor Day Celebrated in September?](/story/why-is-labor-day-celebrated-in-september)


Contents


[Geography & Travel](/browse/Geography-Travel)[Historical Places](/browse/Historical-Places)

# Phrygia

ancient district, Turkey



Actions




Cite


_verified_ Cite


While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies.
Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.


Select Citation Style

MLAAPAChicago Manual of Style

Copy Citation



Share



Share


Share to social media

[Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/BRITANNICA/) [X](https://x.com/britannica)

URL

[https://www.britannica.com/place/Phrygia](https://www.britannica.com/place/Phrygia)


Give Feedback



External Websites


Feedback


Corrections? Updates? Omissions? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login).


Feedback TypeSelect a type (Required)Factual CorrectionSpelling/Grammar CorrectionLink CorrectionAdditional InformationOther

Your FeedbackSubmit Feedback

Thank you for your feedback

Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.

External Websites


- [The Met - Phrygia, Gordion, and King Midas in the Late Eighth Century B.C.](https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/phry/hd_phry.htm)
- [McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia - Phrygia](https://www.biblicalcyclopedia.com/P/phrygia.html)
- [Persues Digital Library - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography - Phry´gia](https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:id=phrygia-geo)
- [Ancient History Encyclopedia - Phrygia, Turkey](https://www.worldhistory.org/phrygia/)

[Print](/print/article/458383)


Cite


_verified_ Cite


While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies.
Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.


Select Citation Style

MLAAPAChicago Manual of Style

Copy Citation



Share



Share


Share to social media

[Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/BRITANNICA/) [X](https://x.com/britannica)

URL

[https://www.britannica.com/place/Phrygia](https://www.britannica.com/place/Phrygia)



Feedback



External Websites


Feedback


Corrections? Updates? Omissions? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login).


Feedback TypeSelect a type (Required)Factual CorrectionSpelling/Grammar CorrectionLink CorrectionAdditional InformationOther

Your FeedbackSubmit Feedback

Thank you for your feedback

Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.

External Websites


- [The Met - Phrygia, Gordion, and King Midas in the Late Eighth Century B.C.](https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/phry/hd_phry.htm)
- [McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia - Phrygia](https://www.biblicalcyclopedia.com/P/phrygia.html)
- [Persues Digital Library - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography - Phry´gia](https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:id=phrygia-geo)
- [Ancient History Encyclopedia - Phrygia, Turkey](https://www.worldhistory.org/phrygia/)


Written and fact-checked by


[The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica\
\
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.](/editor/The-Editors-of-Encyclopaedia-Britannica/4419)

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Last Updated:

Jul 31, 2024
• [Article History](https://www.britannica.com/place/Phrygia/additional-info#history)


Table of Contents


Major Events: [Battle of Ipsos](/event/Battle-of-Ipsos)[Battle of Myriocephalon](/event/Battle-of-Myriocephalon)_(Show more)_

Key People: [Antigonus I Monophthalmus](/biography/Antigonus-I-Monophthalmus)[Alcibiades](/biography/Alcibiades-Athenian-politician-and-general)[Epictetus](/biography/Epictetus-Greek-philosopher)[Midas](/biography/Midas-king-of-Phrygia)[Ariobarzanes](/biography/Ariobarzanes)_(Show more)_

Related Topics: [Cabeiri](/topic/Cabeiri)_(Show more)_

Related Places: [Turkey](/place/Turkey)[Anatolia](/place/Anatolia)[ancient Middle East](/place/ancient-Middle-East)[Gordium](/place/Gordium)[Antioch](/place/Antioch-ancient-city-west-central-Turkey)_(Show more)_

[See all related content →](/facts/Phrygia)

Ask the Chatbot a Question

Ask the Chatbot a Question

**Phrygia**, ancient district in west-central [Anatolia](https://www.britannica.com/place/Anatolia), named after a people whom the [Greeks](https://www.britannica.com/place/Greece) called Phryges and who dominated Asia Minor between the [Hittite](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hittite) collapse (12th century bc) and the Lydian ascendancy (7th century bc). The Phrygians, perhaps of Thracian origin, settled in northwestern Anatolia late in the 2nd [millennium](https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/millennium). Upon the disintegration of the Hittite kingdom they moved into the central highlands, founding their capital at [Gordium](https://www.britannica.com/place/Gordium) and an important religious centre at “Midas City” (modern [Yazılıkaya](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Yazilikaya), Tur.). The site is a tableland 3,000–5,000 feet (900–1,500 m) high, with mountains.

Between the 12th and 9th centuries Phrygia formed the western part of a loose [confederation](https://www.britannica.com/topic/confederation-politics) of peoples (identified as “ [Mushki](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mushki)” in Assyrian records) that dominated the entire Anatolian peninsula. This early civilization borrowed heavily from the Hittites, whom they had replaced, and established a system of roads later utilized by the Persians. About 730 the Assyrians detached the eastern part of the confederation, and the locus of power shifted to Phrygia proper under the rule of the legendary king [Midas](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Midas-king-of-Phrygia).

[![Temple of Artemis at Jerash, Jordan. (Jarash, Jordan)](https://cdn.britannica.com/50/168950-131-85A9F25B/Temple-of-Artemis-Jerash-Jordan.jpg)\
\
Britannica Quiz\
\
Ancient Anatolia](/quiz/ancient-anatolia)

[Midas’](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Midas-Greek-mythology) kingdom came to an abrupt end ( _c._ 700) with the invasions of the [Cimmerians](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cimmerian), a Transcaucasian people who burned Gordium and transferred the [hegemony](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hegemony) of western Anatolia to the Lydians. After the [Cimmerian](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cimmerian) invasion Phrygia lingered as a geographic expression under the successive rulers of Anatolia; its people were valued as slaves by the Greeks. The Phrygians excelled in metalwork and wood carving and are said to have originated the art of embroidery. Phrygian carpets were famous. Some magnificently carved stone tombs and shrines were uncovered after [World War II](https://www.britannica.com/event/World-War-II) by American archaeologists. Among the various Phrygian religious practices, the cult of the Great Mother ( [Cybele](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Great-Mother-of-the-Gods)) predominated and was passed on to the Greeks.

Little else is known of Phrygian society. Vast lands were owned by the great shrines such as Pessinus, the high priests being virtually [autonomous](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/autonomous) rulers. Society was probably feudal. An intelligent and evidently [cultivated](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cultivated) elite (they were able to read and write) existed at Gordium and Midas City, together with an important nucleus of craftsmen and merchants, some doubtless being foreigners—Greeks, Phoenicians, Syrians, and Urartaeans.

A staple industry was sheep rearing, which provided a fine wool much in demand in [Miletus](https://www.britannica.com/place/Miletus), [Pergamum](https://www.britannica.com/place/Pergamum), and other Greek centres of industry. The neighbourhood of Midas City harboured considerable forestland, and timber was clearly an important economic factor. Another specialty was horse rearing, the Phrygians probably being, like many of the Indo-Europeans, an equestrian [aristocracy](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/aristocracy) ruling over other native peoples.

[The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica](/editor/The-Editors-of-Encyclopaedia-Britannica/4419)