Festa della Repubblica - Wikipedia
The day commemorates the 1946 Italian institutional referendum held by universal suffrage, in which the Italian people were called to the polls to decide on the ...
prefect
Official ceremonies are held throughout the national territory. Among them are the traditional receptions organized by each prefecture for the local authorities, which are preceded by solemn public demonstrations with reduced military parades that have been reviewed by the <anchor>prefect</anchor> in his capacity as the highest governmental authority in the province. Similar ceremonies are also organized by the Regions and Municipalities.[22]
Prefect - Wikipedia
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## Contents

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- (Top)

- [1Ancient Rome](#Ancient_Rome)
- [2Feudal times](#Feudal_times)
- [3Ecclesiastical](#Ecclesiastical)
- [4Academic](#Academic)
- [5Modern sub-national administration](#Modern_sub-national_administration)
- [6Police](#Police)
- [7Coast guard](#Coast_guard)
- [8See also](#See_also)
- [9References](#References)
- [10External links](#External_links)

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# Prefect

29 languages

- [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3 "بريفيكتوس – Arabic")
- [Български](https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82 "Префект – Bulgarian")
- [Brezhoneg](https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefed "Prefed – Breton")
- [Català](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefecte "Prefecte – Catalan")
- [Čeština](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefekt "Prefekt – Czech")
- [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefecto_(autoridad) "Prefecto (autoridad) – Spanish")
- [Esperanto](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefekto "Prefekto – Esperanto")
- [Euskara](https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefektu_(agintaria) "Prefektu (agintaria) – Basque")
- [فارسی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%81%DA%A9%D8%AA_(%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1) "پرفکت (بخشدار) – Persian")
- [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fet "Préfet – French")
- [Galego](https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefecto "Prefecto – Galician")
- [Ido](https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefekto "Prefekto – Ido")
- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefek "Prefek – Indonesian")
- [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefetto "Prefetto – Italian")
- [עברית](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%98 "פרפקט – Hebrew")
- [ქართული](https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98 "პრეფექტი – Georgian")
- [Magyar](https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefektus "Prefektus – Hungarian")
- [Македонски](https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82 "Префект – Macedonian")
- [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefect_(bestuurder) "Prefect (bestuurder) – Dutch")
- [Norsk bokmål](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefekt "Prefekt – Norwegian Bokmål")
- [Occitan](https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pref%C3%A8cte "Prefècte – Occitan")
- [Polski](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefekt_(staro%C5%BCytno%C5%9B%C4%87) "Prefekt (starożytność) – Polish")
- [Română](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefect "Prefect – Romanian")
- [Runa Simi](https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marka_kamachiq "Marka kamachiq – Quechua")
- [Slovenščina](https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefekt "Prefekt – Slovenian")
- [Српски / srpski](https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82 "Префект – Serbian")
- [Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски](https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefekt "Prefekt – Serbo-Croatian")
- [Türkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praefectus "Praefectus – Turkish")
- [Vèneto](https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefeto "Prefeto – Venetian")

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Magisterial title

For other uses, see [Prefect (disambiguation)](/wiki/Prefect_(disambiguation) "Prefect (disambiguation)").

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png)](/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg)

This article **needs additional citations for [verification](/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability "Wikipedia:Verifiability")**. Please help [improve this article](/wiki/Special:EditPage/Prefect "Special:EditPage/Prefect") by [adding citations to reliable sources](/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners "Help:Referencing for beginners"). Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

_Find sources:_ ["Prefect"](https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Prefect%22) – [news](https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Prefect%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) **·** [newspapers](https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Prefect%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) **·** [books](https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Prefect%22+-wikipedia) **·** [scholar](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Prefect%22) **·** [JSTOR](https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Prefect%22&acc=on&wc=on)_(August 2015)__([Learn how and when to remove this message](/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal "Help:Maintenance template removal"))_

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/French_Prefect.jpg/300px-French_Prefect.jpg)](/wiki/File:French_Prefect.jpg) In France, each [department](/wiki/Departments_of_France "Departments of France") has a [prefect](/wiki/Prefect_(France) "Prefect (France)") who acts as the representative of the state.

**Prefect** (from the [Latin](/wiki/Latin "Latin") _praefectus_, substantive adjectival[\[1\]](#cite_note-1) form of _praeficere_: "put in front", meaning in charge) is a [magisterial](/wiki/Magistrate "Magistrate") title of varying definition, but essentially refers to the leader of an administrative area.

A prefect's office, department, or area of control is called a [prefecture](/wiki/Prefecture "Prefecture"), but in various post- [Roman empire](/wiki/Roman_empire "Roman empire") cases there is a prefect without a prefecture or _vice versa_. The words "prefect" and "prefecture" are also used, more or less conventionally, to render analogous words in other languages, especially [Romance languages](/wiki/Romance_languages "Romance languages").

## Ancient Rome

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Prefect&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: Ancient Rome")\]

Main article: [Praefectus](/wiki/Praefectus "Praefectus")

_Praefectus_ was the formal title of many, fairly low to high-ranking officials in [ancient Rome](/wiki/Ancient_Rome "Ancient Rome"), whose authority was not embodied in their person (as it was with elected Magistrates) but conferred by delegation from a higher authority. They did have some authority in their prefecture such as controlling prisons and in civil administration.

## Feudal times

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Prefect&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: Feudal times")\]

Especially in [Medieval Latin](/wiki/Medieval_Latin "Medieval Latin"), _præfectus_ was used to refer to various officers—administrative, military, judicial, etc.—usually alongside a more precise term in the vernacular (such as _[Burggraf](/wiki/Burggraf "Burggraf")_, which literally means _Count of the Castle_ in the German language).

## Ecclesiastical

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Prefect&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Ecclesiastical")\]

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Sainte_Marguerite_et_Olibrius.jpg/220px-Sainte_Marguerite_et_Olibrius.jpg)](/wiki/File:Sainte_Marguerite_et_Olibrius.jpg) [Saint Margaret](/wiki/Saint_Margaret_the_Virgin "Saint Margaret the Virgin") attracts the attention of the Roman prefect, by [Jean Fouquet](/wiki/Jean_Fouquet "Jean Fouquet") from an [illuminated manuscript](/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript "Illuminated manuscript")[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png)](/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg)Part of [a series](/wiki/Category:Catholic_ecclesiastical_titles "Category:Catholic ecclesiastical titles") on the[Hierarchy of the\
\
Catholic Church](/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church "Hierarchy of the Catholic Church")[![Saint Peter](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gesupietrochiave.jpg/150px-Gesupietrochiave.jpg)](/wiki/File:Gesupietrochiave.jpg)

[Saint Peter](/wiki/Saint_Peter "Saint Peter")

[Ecclesiastical titles](/wiki/Category:Catholic_ecclesiastical_titles "Category:Catholic ecclesiastical titles") ( [order of precedence](/wiki/Order_of_precedence_in_the_Catholic_Church "Order of precedence in the Catholic Church"))

- [Pope](/wiki/Pope "Pope")
  - [Pope Emeritus](/wiki/Pope_Emeritus "Pope Emeritus")
- [Cardinal](/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church) "Cardinal (Catholic Church)")
  - [Cardinal Vicar](/wiki/Cardinal_Vicar "Cardinal Vicar")
  - [Crown](/wiki/Crown-cardinal "Crown-cardinal")
  - [Prince](/wiki/Prince_of_the_Church "Prince of the Church")
  - [Protector](/wiki/Cardinal_protector "Cardinal protector")
- [Moderator of the curia](/wiki/Moderator_of_the_curia "Moderator of the curia")
- [Chaplain of His Holiness](/wiki/Chaplain_of_His_Holiness "Chaplain of His Holiness")
- [Papal legate](/wiki/Papal_legate "Papal legate")
- [Papal majordomo](/wiki/Papal_majordomo "Papal majordomo")
- [Apostolic nuncio](/wiki/Nuncio "Nuncio")
- [Apostolic delegate](/wiki/Nuncio "Nuncio")
- [Apostolic Syndic](/wiki/Apostolic_Syndic "Apostolic Syndic")
- [Apostolic visitor](/wiki/Apostolic_visitor "Apostolic visitor")
- [Vicar apostolic](/wiki/Apostolic_vicariate "Apostolic vicariate")
- [Apostolic exarch](/wiki/Exarch#Modern_Eastern_Catholic_churches "Exarch")
- [Apostolic prefect](/wiki/Apostolic_prefecture "Apostolic prefecture")
- [Assistant to the papal throne](/wiki/Assistant_to_the_papal_throne "Assistant to the papal throne")
- [Eparch](/wiki/Eparchy#Church_hierarchy "Eparchy")
- [Metropolitan](/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop "Metropolitan bishop")
- [Patriarch](/wiki/Patriarch#Catholic_Church "Patriarch")
  - [Catholicos](/wiki/Catholicos "Catholicos")
- [Bishop](/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church "Bishops in the Catholic Church")
  - [Archbishop](/wiki/Archbishop "Archbishop")
  - [Bishop emeritus](/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church#Emeritus "Bishops in the Catholic Church")
  - [Diocesan bishop](/wiki/Diocesan_bishop "Diocesan bishop")
  - [Major archbishop](/wiki/Major_archbishop "Major archbishop")
  - [Primate](/wiki/Primate_(bishop) "Primate (bishop)")
  - [Suffragan bishop](/wiki/Suffragan_bishop "Suffragan bishop")
  - [Titular bishop](/wiki/Titular_bishop "Titular bishop")
  - [Coadjutor bishop](/wiki/Coadjutor_bishop "Coadjutor bishop")
  - [Auxiliary bishop](/wiki/Auxiliary_bishop "Auxiliary bishop")
  - [Prelate](/wiki/Prelate "Prelate")
  - [Provost](/wiki/Provost_(religion) "Provost (religion)")
  - [Pontiff](/wiki/Pontiff "Pontiff")
- [Territorial prelate](/wiki/Territorial_prelate "Territorial prelate")
- [Territorial abbot](/wiki/Territorial_abbey "Territorial abbey")

Liturgical titles

- [Acolyte](/wiki/Acolyte "Acolyte")
- [Consecrator](/wiki/Consecrator "Consecrator")
- [Lector](/wiki/Reader_(liturgy)#CatholicLector "Reader (liturgy)")
- [Subdeacon](/wiki/Subdeacon "Subdeacon")

Administrative and pastoral titles

- [Auditor](/wiki/Auditor_(ecclesiastical) "Auditor (ecclesiastical)")
- [Brother](/wiki/Religious_brother#Catholicism "Religious brother")
- [Chancellor](/wiki/Chancellor_(ecclesiastical) "Chancellor (ecclesiastical)")
- [Chaplain](/wiki/Chaplain "Chaplain")
  - [Military chaplain](/wiki/Military_chaplain#Roman_Catholic_Church "Military chaplain")
  - [Military ordinary](/wiki/Military_ordinariate "Military ordinariate")
- [Coarb](/wiki/Coarb "Coarb")
- [Confessor](/wiki/Confessor#Confession_of_sins "Confessor")
- [Consultor](/wiki/Consultor "Consultor")
- [Curate](/wiki/Curate#Roman_Catholicism "Curate")
- [Deacon](/wiki/Deacon "Deacon")
  - [Archdeacon](/wiki/Archdeacon "Archdeacon")
- [Defender of the bond](/wiki/Defender_of_the_bond "Defender of the bond")
- [Definitor](/wiki/Definitor "Definitor")
- [Devil's advocate](/wiki/Devil%27s_advocate "Devil's advocate")
- [Diocesan administrator](/wiki/Diocesan_administrator "Diocesan administrator")
- [Ecclesiastical judge](/wiki/Ecclesiastical_judge "Ecclesiastical judge")
- [Exorcist](/wiki/Exorcist#Catholicism "Exorcist")
- [Laity](/wiki/Catholic_laity "Catholic laity")
  - [Lay abbot](/wiki/Lay_abbot "Lay abbot")
    - [Abthain](/wiki/Abthain "Abthain")
    - [Commendatory](/wiki/Commendatory_abbot "Commendatory abbot")
  - [Lay cardinal](/wiki/Lay_cardinal "Lay cardinal")
- [Minister](/wiki/Minister_(Catholic_Church) "Minister (Catholic Church)")
  - [Major orders](/wiki/Major_orders "Major orders")
  - [Minor orders](/wiki/Minor_orders "Minor orders")
- [Missionary](/wiki/Missionary "Missionary")
- [Monsignor](/wiki/Monsignor "Monsignor")
- [Officialis](/wiki/Official#Ecclesiastical_judiciary "Official")
- [Ostiarius](/wiki/Ostiarius "Ostiarius")
- [Pastor](/wiki/Pastor "Pastor")
  - [Assistant pastor](/wiki/Assistant_pastor "Assistant pastor")
- [Palatinus](/wiki/Palatinus_in_the_Catholic_Church "Palatinus in the Catholic Church")
- [Personal prelate](/wiki/Personal_prelature "Personal prelature")
- [Preacher](/wiki/Preacher "Preacher")
- [Prefect](#Ecclesiastical)
- [Presbyter](/wiki/Presbyter "Presbyter")
  - [Elder](/wiki/Elder_(Christianity)#Roman_Catholic_Church "Elder (Christianity)")
- [Priest](/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church "Priesthood in the Catholic Church")
- [Principal](/wiki/Principal_(Catholic_Church) "Principal (Catholic Church)")
- [Protonotary apostolic](/wiki/Protonotary_apostolic "Protonotary apostolic")
- [Reverend](/wiki/The_Reverend "The Reverend")
- [Saint](/wiki/Saint#Catholic_Church "Saint")
  - [Servant of God](/wiki/Servant_of_God "Servant of God")
  - [Blessed](/wiki/Beatification "Beatification")
  - [Venerable](/wiki/The_Venerable "The Venerable")
- [Seminarian](/wiki/Seminary "Seminary")
- [Vicar](/wiki/Vicar "Vicar")
  - [Judicial vicar](/wiki/Judicial_vicar "Judicial vicar")
  - [Vicar general](/wiki/Vicar_general "Vicar general")
- [Vicar forane](/wiki/Dean_(Christianity) "Dean (Christianity)")
  - Sub-dean

Consecrated and professed titles

- [Abbess](/wiki/Abbess "Abbess")
- [Abbot](/wiki/Abbot "Abbot")
- [Consecrated virgin](/wiki/Consecrated_virgin "Consecrated virgin")
- [Corrector](/wiki/Corrector#Ecclesiastic_(Catholic)_titles "Corrector")
- [Custos](/wiki/Custos_(Franciscans) "Custos (Franciscans)")
- [Friar](/wiki/Friar "Friar")
- [Dean](/wiki/Dean_(Christianity)#Roman_Catholic_Church "Dean (Christianity)")
- [Grand master](/wiki/Grand_master_(order) "Grand master (order)")
- [Hermit](/wiki/Hermit "Hermit")
- [Master of novices](/wiki/Novice_master "Novice master")
- [Monk](/wiki/Monk "Monk")
- [Novice](/wiki/Novice#Roman_Catholicism "Novice")
- [Nun](/wiki/Nun "Nun")
  - [Postulant](/wiki/Postulant "Postulant")
- [Oblate](/wiki/Oblate "Oblate")
- [Prior](/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical) "Prior (ecclesiastical)")
- [Provincial superior](/wiki/Provincial_superior "Provincial superior")
- [Rector](/wiki/Rector_(ecclesiastical) "Rector (ecclesiastical)")
- [Religious](/wiki/Religious_(Western_Christianity) "Religious (Western Christianity)")
- [Superior general](/wiki/Superior_general_(Christianity) "Superior general (Christianity)")

Additional titles

- [Almoner](/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Service_of_Charity "Dicastery for the Service of Charity")
- [Altar server](/wiki/Altar_server "Altar server")
- [Archimandrite](/wiki/Archimandrite "Archimandrite")
- [Archpriest](/wiki/Archpriest "Archpriest")
- [Archdeacon](/wiki/Archdeacon "Archdeacon")
- [Canon](/wiki/Canon_(title) "Canon (title)")
- [Captain General of the Church](/wiki/Captain_General_of_the_Church "Captain General of the Church")
- [Chorbishop](/wiki/Chorbishop "Chorbishop")
- [Coarb](/wiki/Coarb "Coarb")
- [Commissary Apostolic](/wiki/Commissary_Apostolic "Commissary Apostolic")
- [Datarius](/wiki/Apostolic_Dataria "Apostolic Dataria")
- [Gonfalonier of the Church](/wiki/Gonfalonier_of_the_Church "Gonfalonier of the Church")
- [Honorary Prelate](/wiki/Prelate_of_Honour_of_His_Holiness "Prelate of Honour of His Holiness")
- [Minor canon](/wiki/Minor_canon "Minor canon")
- [Notarius](/wiki/Notarius "Notarius")
- [Ostiarius](/wiki/Ostiarius "Ostiarius")
- [Peritus](/wiki/Peritus "Peritus")
- [Postulator](/wiki/Postulator "Postulator")
- [Prebendary](/wiki/Prebendary "Prebendary")
- [Precentor](/wiki/Precentor "Precentor")
- [Prince-bishop](/wiki/Prince-bishop "Prince-bishop")
- [Prince-abbot](/wiki/Prince-abbot "Prince-abbot")
- [Prince-primate](/wiki/Prince-primate "Prince-primate")
- [Prince-provost](/wiki/Prince-provost "Prince-provost")
- [Promotor Fidei](/wiki/Devil%27s_advocate "Devil's advocate")
- [Protopriest](/wiki/Protopriest "Protopriest")
- [Protodeacon](/wiki/Protodeacon#Roman_rite "Protodeacon")
- [Protosyncellus](/wiki/Protosyncellus "Protosyncellus")
- [Regionarius](/wiki/Regionarius "Regionarius")
- [Sacristan](/wiki/Sacristan "Sacristan")
- [Usher](/wiki/Church_usher "Church usher")

Organization titles

- [Grand master](/wiki/Grand_master_(order) "Grand master (order)")
  - [Knights Hospitaller](/wiki/List_of_grand_masters_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller "List of grand masters of the Knights Hospitaller")
  - [Order of the Holy Sepulchre](/wiki/Grand_Masters_and_Lieutenancies_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre "Grand Masters and Lieutenancies of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre")
  - [Teutonic Knights](/wiki/Grand_Master_of_the_Teutonic_Order "Grand Master of the Teutonic Order")
- [Inquisitor](/wiki/Inquisitor "Inquisitor")
  - [Grand Inquisitor](/wiki/Grand_Inquisitor "Grand Inquisitor")
- [Preceptor](/wiki/Preceptor "Preceptor")

- [![icon](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg)](/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg)[Catholic Church portal](/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church "Portal:Catholic Church")

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The term is used by the [Catholic Church](/wiki/Catholic_Church "Catholic Church"), which based much of its canon law terminology on Roman law, in several different ways.

- The [Roman Curia](/wiki/Roman_Curia "Roman Curia") has the nine Prefects for the [Congregations](/wiki/Congregation_(Roman_Curia) "Congregation (Roman Curia)") as well as the two of the Papal Household and of the Economic Affairs of the Holy See.
- The title also attaches to the heads of some [Pontifical Council](/wiki/Pontifical_Council "Pontifical Council") (central departments of the Curia), who are principally titled president, but in addition there is sometimes an additional _ex officio_ position as a prefect. For example, the president of the [Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue](/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Interreligious_Dialogue "Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue") is also the prefect of the Commission for Religious Relations with Muslims.
- Traditionally these Curial officials are [Cardinals](/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism) "Cardinal (Catholicism)"), hence often called "Cardinal-Prefect" or "Cardinal-President". There was a custom that those who were not cardinals when they were appointed were titled "Pro-Prefect" or "Pro-President". Then these officials would be appointed prefect or president after their elevation to the Sacred College. However, since 1998, this custom has fallen into disuse.\[ _[citation needed](/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]
- A [Prefect Apostolic](/wiki/Prefect_Apostolic "Prefect Apostolic") is a cleric (sometimes a [Titular Bishop](/wiki/Titular_Bishop "Titular Bishop"), but normally a priest) in charge of an [apostolic prefecture](/wiki/Apostolic_prefecture "Apostolic prefecture"), a type of Roman Catholic territorial jurisdiction fulfilling the functions of a diocese, usually in a missionary area or in a country that is anti-religious, such as the People's Republic of China, but that is not yet given the status of regular diocese. It is usually destined to become one in time.

## Academic

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Prefect&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: Academic")\]

In the context of schools, a prefect is a pupil who has been given certain responsibilities in the school, similar to the responsibilities given to a [hall monitor](/wiki/Hall_monitor "Hall monitor") or [safety patrol](/wiki/Safety_patrol "Safety patrol") members.

- In some British, Irish and [Commonwealth](/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations "Commonwealth of Nations") schools (especially but not exclusively [private schools](/wiki/Private_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom "Private schools in the United Kingdom")), prefects, usually students in fifth to seventh years (depending on how many years the school in question has), have considerable power. They were once allowed to administer [school corporal punishment](/wiki/School_corporal_punishment "School corporal punishment") in some schools (now abolished in the UK and several other countries). They usually answer to a senior prefect known as the _Head of School_ or _Head Prefect_ or _[Head Boy](/wiki/Head_Boy "Head Boy")_ or _[Head Girl](/wiki/Head_Girl "Head Girl")_ or _Senior Prefect_. Larger schools may have a hierarchical structure with a team of prefects, a team of senior prefects, and a Head Boy and Girl. The Head Prefect may also be the _[School Captain](/wiki/School_Captain "School Captain")_ if that is an appointed position in the school. This system is also practised in Hong Kong, a former British colony. Today, prefect roles in the U.K. are largely perfunctory and are mostly used to reward the better students in the year groups that qualify for prefect roles. Duties tend to be limited to door monitoring during [break](/wiki/Recess_(break) "Recess (break)") and representing the school at various extra-curricular events.
- In India, [Pakistan](/wiki/Pakistan "Pakistan"), [Sri Lanka](/wiki/Sri_Lanka "Sri Lanka"), Singapore and [Malaysia](/wiki/Malaysia "Malaysia"), prefects are student leaders in primary and secondary schools, often along the lines of other [Commonwealth](/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations "Commonwealth of Nations") schools, but with superior powers. The prefect systems in these countries have changed little from when they were under the British, as the present governments have seen them as effective.\[ _[citation needed](/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]
- In [Bangladesh](/wiki/Bangladesh "Bangladesh"), Prefects are the leaders in [Army](/wiki/Army_of_Bangladesh "Army of Bangladesh") based educational institutions namely [Cadet Colleges](/wiki/Cadet_Colleges_in_Bangladesh "Cadet Colleges in Bangladesh").
- In Mexico, Prefects (in Spanish, __prefecta/prefecto__) is an adult head of a grade of a school, a US equivalent would be a [dean](/wiki/Dean_(education) "Dean (education)").
- In Sweden, a prefect ( __[prefekt](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/prefekt "sv:prefekt")__) is the head of a university department.
- In [Jesuit](/wiki/Jesuit "Jesuit") and other Catholic schools this title was given formerly to members of the faculty, a prefect of discipline in charge of student attendance, general order and such, and a prefect of studies in charge of academic issues.

Many college preparatory boarding schools utilize the position of prefect as a high student leadership position.

## Modern sub-national administration

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Prefect&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: Modern sub-national administration")\]

- In **[Albania](/wiki/Albania "Albania")** a prefect (Prefekti) is the State's representative in a region (qark). His agency is called the _Prefektura_. Albania has 12 prefects in 12 prefectures, appointed by the [Prime Minister of Albania](/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania "Prime Minister of Albania") and the [Government](/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Albania "Council of Ministers of Albania").
- In **France** the prefect is a top-ranking public servant who belongs to the so-called _Corps préfectoral_. The function was created on 17 February 1800 by Napoléon Bonaparte after his successful coup d'état of 9 November 1799 which made him head of state with the title _Premier Consul_. The prefect's role at that time (until the reform of the function in the 1980s) was to be the top representative of the central government as well as the chief administrator in a [department](/wiki/Departments_of_France "Departments of France") (which can be compared to a county in most English-speaking nations) . The prefect's office is known as the [prefecture](/wiki/Prefecture "Prefecture") ( _prefecture_). Sub-prefects operate as assistants in the [arrondissements](/wiki/Arrondissement_in_France "Arrondissement in France") (departmental subdivisions).

In the 1980s, under the presidency of François Mitterrand (1981–1995), a fundamental change in the role of the prefect (and sub-prefect) took place. The previously extremely centralized French (Fifth) Republic was gradually decentralized by the creation of administrative [regions](/wiki/Regions_of_France "Regions of France") and the devolution of central state powers into regions, departments, and communes (municipalities). New elected authorities were created (e.g. the _Conseils régionaux_) in order to administer the subdivisional entities ( _collectivités territoriales_) of the nation (law from 2 March 1982).
The changes have gradually altered the function of the prefect, who is still the chief representative of the state in a department, but without the omnipotent function of chief administrator. Instead, the prefect has acquired the non-titular roles of chief controller of regional, departmental, and communal public accounts, and of chief inspector of good (i.e. law-abiding) governance of the authorities of the respective territorial entities.[\[2\]](#cite_note-2)

A _Préfet maritime_ is a French Admiral ( _Amiral_) who is commissioned to be the chief commander of a _Zone maritime_ (i.e. a section of the French territorial waters and the respective shores).

In Paris, the _Préfet de police_ ( [prefect of police](/wiki/Prefecture_of_Police "Prefecture of Police")) is the head of the city's police under the direct authority of the _Ministre de l'Intérieur_ (Minister of the Interior), which makes him unique as usually in French towns and cities the chief of the local police is subordinate to the mayor, who is the local representative of the minister in police matters.

- In **Italy**, a prefect ( _[prefetto](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefetto_(ordinamento_italiano) "it:Prefetto (ordinamento italiano)")_) is a high-ranking public servant who belongs to the so-called _Corpo prefettizio_ and is the State's representative in a [province](/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy "Provinces of Italy"). His office is called _Prefettura – Ufficio Territoriale del Governo_. The prefects have political responsibility and coordinate the local head of the State Police ( _Questore_), who has technical responsibility to enforce laws when [public safety](/wiki/Public_safety "Public safety") is threatened. Similar offices already existed under various names before [Italian unification](/wiki/Italian_unification "Italian unification") (1861) (e.g., in the [Kingdom of Two Sicilies](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Two_Sicilies "Kingdom of Two Sicilies") it was named "intendente"); in Northern Italy, it was imported from France during the Napoleonic occupation (1802). Its current form dates back to 1861, when the government of [Bettino Ricasoli](/wiki/Bettino_Ricasoli "Bettino Ricasoli") extended the [Kingdom of Sardinia](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia "Kingdom of Sardinia")'s administrative system to the entire country. In the early years the job entailed a more vigorous and vigilant application of central state authority, by enforcing regulations and dispositions in the fields of education, public works, public health, and the nomination of mayors and provincial deputies. He also plays the role of intermediary between the government and municipalities and other local governments.
- In some **Spanish-speaking states in Latin America**, following a French-type model introduced in Spain itself, prefects were installed as governors; remarkably, in some republics (like Peru) two levels were constructed from the French model: a prefecture and a department, the one being only part of the other.
- In **[Greece](/wiki/Greece "Greece")** a prefect (nomarhis, νομάρχης) used to be the elected head of one of the 54 [prefectures](/wiki/Prefectures "Prefectures") (nomarhies, νομαρχίες), which were second-level administrative divisions, between the first-level [Peripheries](/wiki/Peripheries_of_Greece "Peripheries of Greece") (periferies, περιφέρειες) and the third-level Municipalities (demoi, δήμοι), until their abolition with the [Kallikratis reform](/wiki/Kallikratis_plan "Kallikratis plan") in 2010. The Prefectural elections (popular ballot) would be held every four years along with the Municipal elections. The last Prefectural [elections](/wiki/Elections "Elections") in Greece were held in October 2006.
- In **[Romania](/wiki/Romania "Romania")**, a prefect ( _[prefect](/wiki/Prefect_(Romania) "Prefect (Romania)")_) is the appointed governmental representative in a county ( _[județ](/wiki/Jude%C8%9B "Județ")_) and in the Municipality of [Bucharest](/wiki/Bucharest "Bucharest"), in an agency called _prefectură_. The prefect's role is to represent the national government at local level, acting as a liaison and facilitating the implementation of National Development Plans and governing programmes at local level.
- In **[Québec](/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec "Québec")**, a warden (French: _préfet_) is the head of a [regional county municipality](/wiki/Regional_county_municipality "Regional county municipality").
- In **Brazil**, a prefect ( _prefeito_) is the elected head of the executive branch in a municipality. Larger cities, such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Curitiba, etc., also have sub-prefects, appointed to their offices by the elected prefect.
- In **[Georgia](/wiki/Georgia_(country) "Georgia (country)")**, the nation in the Caucasus region, a prefect (პრეფექტი) was the head of the executive branch in a municipality, appointed by the [President of Georgia](/wiki/President_of_Georgia "President of Georgia") from 1990 to 1992.
- In **[Iran](/wiki/Iran "Iran")**, a prefect (بخشدار) is responsible for the administration of a sector in Iran's political and administrative system.
- In **[China](/wiki/China "China")** the leader of prefecture is called administration-commissioner(行署专员) [\[1\]](https://www.al.gov.cn/info/1106/46088.htm). Leaders of leagues (the Inner Mongolian equivalent) are simply league-leaders(盟长). Both are equivalent to prefects. But far more common is prefecture-level cities (municipalities are equivalent: just there are no province above them), who have _shizhang_(市长)s which are often misleadingly translated as mayors, but they are always responsible for the full prefecture rather than just the urban districts or actual urban core, and are thus prefects, not mayors(unless no country-level division exists in the prefecture, such as Dongguan, in which case he/she is prefect-mayor). If the urban area belongs to only one urban district, the head of the district is the effective mayor, otherwise nobody is (like Paris during the time of Department of Seine). In all cases actual leadership is exercised through Party Committee.

## Police

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Prefect&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: Police")\]

In Paris, the [Prefect of Police](/wiki/Prefect_of_Police "Prefect of Police") ( _Préfet de police)_ is the officer in charge of co-ordinating the city's police forces (see above under "France"). The local police in Japan are divided among prefectures too.
Also, in several countries of Latin America, the rank of prefect is still in use. In the [Investigations Police of Chile](/wiki/Investigations_Police_of_Chile "Investigations Police of Chile") (Policia de Investigaciones de Chile) the rank of prefect is reserved for the highest-ranking officers.[\[3\]](#cite_note-3) On the other hand, in Argentina the [Argentine Federal Penitentiary Service](/wiki/Argentine_Federal_Penitentiary_Service "Argentine Federal Penitentiary Service") (Servicio Penitenciario Argentino) also use the rank of prefect as a high-ranking officer.[\[4\]](#cite_note-4)

## Coast guard

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Prefect&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: Coast guard")\]

Several countries of Latin America use the term "prefecture" (prefectura) to denominate a coast guard service, whether these are independent organizations or as a part of a navy. The [Argentine Naval Prefecture](/wiki/Argentine_Naval_Prefecture "Argentine Naval Prefecture") is a federal [coast guard](/wiki/Coast_guard "Coast guard") service of Argentina independent from the [Argentine Navy](/wiki/Argentine_Navy "Argentine Navy"). On the other hand, the National Naval Prefecture of Uruguay has similar duties to the ones of a regular coast guard but it is subordinated to the [National Navy of Uruguay](/wiki/National_Navy_of_Uruguay "National Navy of Uruguay").

## See also

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Prefect&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: See also")\]

- [Pauly-Wissowa](/wiki/Pauly-Wissowa "Pauly-Wissowa")
- [Praefectus palatii](/wiki/Praefectus_palatii "Praefectus palatii")
- [Préfet](/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fet "Préfet")

## References

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Prefect&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: References")\]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)**[Adam's Latin Grammar](https://archive.org/details/adamslatingramm00fiskgoog/page/n125)
2. **[^](#cite_ref-2)**Le petit Larousse 2013 pp873 and 1420
3. **[^](#cite_ref-3)**["Policía de Investigaciones de Chile." _International Encyclopedia of Uniform Insignia Forum._](http://forum.uniforminsignia.org/download/file.php?id=2177&mode=view) Retrieved 9 August 2021.
4. **[^](#cite_ref-4)**["LEY N° 20.416"](http://servicios.infoleg.gob.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/15000-19999/16309/norma.htm). Retrieved 9 August 2021.

## External links

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Prefect&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: External links")\]

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[Empire](/wiki/Roman_Empire "Roman Empire")

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[Constitution](/wiki/Roman_Constitution "Roman Constitution")

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[Government](/wiki/Political_institutions_of_ancient_Rome "Political institutions of ancient Rome")

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- [Caesar](/wiki/Caesar_(title) "Caesar (title)")
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[Magistrates](/wiki/Roman_magistrate "Roman magistrate")

Ordinary

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Extraordinary

- [Rex](/wiki/King_of_Rome "King of Rome")
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[Military](/wiki/Military_of_ancient_Rome "Military of ancient Rome")

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[Economy](/wiki/Roman_economy "Roman economy")

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[Culture](/wiki/Culture_of_ancient_Rome "Culture of ancient Rome")

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- [Wine](/wiki/Ancient_Rome_and_wine "Ancient Rome and wine")

[Society](/wiki/Social_class_in_ancient_Rome "Social class in ancient Rome")

- [Patricians](/wiki/Patrician_(ancient_Rome) "Patrician (ancient Rome)")
- [Plebs](/wiki/Plebeians "Plebeians")
- [Conflict of the Orders](/wiki/Conflict_of_the_Orders "Conflict of the Orders")
- [Secessio plebis](/wiki/Secessio_plebis "Secessio plebis")
- [Equites](/wiki/Equites "Equites")
- [Gens](/wiki/Gens "Gens")
- [Tribes](/wiki/Roman_tribe "Roman tribe")
  - [Assembly](/wiki/Tribal_Assembly "Tribal Assembly")
- [Patronage](/wiki/Patronage_in_ancient_Rome "Patronage in ancient Rome")
- [Naming conventions](/wiki/Roman_naming_conventions "Roman naming conventions")
- [Demography](/wiki/Demography_of_the_Roman_Empire "Demography of the Roman Empire")
- [Women](/wiki/Women_in_ancient_Rome "Women in ancient Rome")
- [Marriage](/wiki/Marriage_in_ancient_Rome "Marriage in ancient Rome")
- [Adoption](/wiki/Adoption_in_ancient_Rome "Adoption in ancient Rome")
- [Slavery](/wiki/Slavery_in_ancient_Rome "Slavery in ancient Rome")
- [Bagaudae](/wiki/Bagaudae "Bagaudae")

[Technology](/wiki/Ancient_Roman_technology "Ancient Roman technology")

- [Amphitheatres](/wiki/Roman_amphitheatre "Roman amphitheatre")
- [Aqueducts](/wiki/Roman_aqueduct "Roman aqueduct")
- [Bridges](/wiki/Roman_bridge "Roman bridge")
- [Circuses](/wiki/Roman_circus "Roman circus")
- [Civil engineering](/wiki/Ancient_Roman_engineering "Ancient Roman engineering")
- [Concrete](/wiki/Roman_concrete "Roman concrete")
- [Domes](/wiki/History_of_Roman_and_Byzantine_domes "History of Roman and Byzantine domes")
- [Metallurgy](/wiki/Roman_metallurgy "Roman metallurgy")
- [Numerals](/wiki/Roman_numerals "Roman numerals")
- [Roads](/wiki/Roman_roads "Roman roads")
- [Sanitation](/wiki/Sanitation_in_ancient_Rome "Sanitation in ancient Rome")
- [Ships](/wiki/Ships_of_ancient_Rome "Ships of ancient Rome")
- [Temples](/wiki/Roman_temple "Roman temple")
- [Theatres](/wiki/Roman_theatre_(structure) "Roman theatre (structure)")
- [Thermae](/wiki/Thermae "Thermae")

[Latin](/wiki/Latin "Latin")

- [History](/wiki/History_of_Latin "History of Latin")
- [Alphabet](/wiki/Latin_alphabet "Latin alphabet")
- Versions
  - [Old](/wiki/Old_Latin "Old Latin")
  - [Classical](/wiki/Classical_Latin "Classical Latin")
  - [Vulgar](/wiki/Vulgar_Latin "Vulgar Latin")
  - [Late](/wiki/Late_Latin "Late Latin")
  - [Medieval](/wiki/Medieval_Latin "Medieval Latin")
  - [Renaissance](/wiki/Renaissance_Latin "Renaissance Latin")
  - [Neo-Latin](/wiki/Neo-Latin "Neo-Latin")
  - [Contemporary](/wiki/Contemporary_Latin "Contemporary Latin")
  - [Ecclesiastical](/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin "Ecclesiastical Latin")
- [Romance languages](/wiki/Romance_languages "Romance languages")

Writers

[Latin](/wiki/Latin_literature "Latin literature")

- [Aelius Donatus](/wiki/Aelius_Donatus "Aelius Donatus")
- [Ammianus Marcellinus](/wiki/Ammianus_Marcellinus "Ammianus Marcellinus")
- [Appuleius](/wiki/Apuleius "Apuleius")
- [Asconius Pedianus](/wiki/Asconius_Pedianus "Asconius Pedianus")
- [Augustine](/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo "Augustine of Hippo")
- [Aurelius Victor](/wiki/Aurelius_Victor "Aurelius Victor")
- [Ausonius](/wiki/Ausonius "Ausonius")
- [Boëthius](/wiki/Boethius "Boethius")
- [Caesar](/wiki/Julius_Caesar "Julius Caesar")
- [Catullus](/wiki/Catullus "Catullus")
- [Cassiodorus](/wiki/Cassiodorus "Cassiodorus")
- [Censorinus](/wiki/Censorinus "Censorinus")
- [Cicero](/wiki/Cicero "Cicero")
- [Claudian](/wiki/Claudian "Claudian")
- [Columella](/wiki/Columella "Columella")
- [Cornelius Nepos](/wiki/Cornelius_Nepos "Cornelius Nepos")
- [Ennius](/wiki/Ennius "Ennius")
- [Eutropius](/wiki/Eutropius_(historian) "Eutropius (historian)")
- [Fabius Pictor](/wiki/Quintus_Fabius_Pictor "Quintus Fabius Pictor")
- [Sextus Pompeius Festus](/wiki/Sextus_Pompeius_Festus "Sextus Pompeius Festus")
- [Rufus Festus](/wiki/Festus_(historian) "Festus (historian)")
- [Florus](/wiki/Works_attributed_to_Florus "Works attributed to Florus")
- [Frontinus](/wiki/Frontinus "Frontinus")
- [Fronto](/wiki/Marcus_Cornelius_Fronto "Marcus Cornelius Fronto")
- [Fulgentius](/wiki/Fabius_Planciades_Fulgentius "Fabius Planciades Fulgentius")
- [Gellius](/wiki/Aulus_Gellius "Aulus Gellius")
- [Horace](/wiki/Horace "Horace")
- [Hydatius](/wiki/Hydatius "Hydatius")
- [Hyginus](/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus "Gaius Julius Hyginus")
- [Jerome](/wiki/Jerome "Jerome")
- [Jordanes](/wiki/Jordanes "Jordanes")
- [Julius Paulus](/wiki/Julius_Paulus "Julius Paulus")
- [Justin](/wiki/Justin_(historian) "Justin (historian)")
- [Juvenal](/wiki/Juvenal "Juvenal")
- [Lactantius](/wiki/Lactantius "Lactantius")
- [Livy](/wiki/Livy "Livy")
- [Lucan](/wiki/Lucan "Lucan")
- [Lucretius](/wiki/Lucretius "Lucretius")
- [Macrobius](/wiki/Macrobius "Macrobius")
- [Marcellus Empiricus](/wiki/Marcellus_Empiricus "Marcellus Empiricus")
- [Marcus Aurelius](/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius "Marcus Aurelius")
- [Manilius](/wiki/Marcus_Manilius "Marcus Manilius")
- [Martial](/wiki/Martial "Martial")
- [Nicolaus Damascenus](/wiki/Nicolaus_of_Damascus "Nicolaus of Damascus")
- [Nonius Marcellus](/wiki/Nonius_Marcellus "Nonius Marcellus")
- [Obsequens](/wiki/Julius_Obsequens "Julius Obsequens")
- [Orosius](/wiki/Orosius "Orosius")
- [Ovid](/wiki/Ovid "Ovid")
- [Petronius](/wiki/Petronius "Petronius")
- [Phaedrus](/wiki/Phaedrus_(fabulist) "Phaedrus (fabulist)")
- [Plautus](/wiki/Plautus "Plautus")
- [Pliny the Elder](/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder "Pliny the Elder")
- [Pliny the Younger](/wiki/Pliny_the_Younger "Pliny the Younger")
- [Pomponius Mela](/wiki/Pomponius_Mela "Pomponius Mela")
- [Priscian](/wiki/Priscian "Priscian")
- [Propertius](/wiki/Propertius "Propertius")
- [Quadrigarius](/wiki/Quintus_Claudius_Quadrigarius "Quintus Claudius Quadrigarius")
- [Quintilian](/wiki/Quintilian "Quintilian")
- [Quintus Curtius Rufus](/wiki/Quintus_Curtius_Rufus "Quintus Curtius Rufus")
- [Sallust](/wiki/Sallust "Sallust")
- [Seneca the Elder](/wiki/Seneca_the_Elder "Seneca the Elder")
- [Seneca the Younger](/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger "Seneca the Younger")
- [Servius](/wiki/Maurus_Servius_Honoratus "Maurus Servius Honoratus")
- [Sidonius Apollinaris](/wiki/Sidonius_Apollinaris "Sidonius Apollinaris")
- [Silius Italicus](/wiki/Silius_Italicus "Silius Italicus")
- [Statius](/wiki/Statius "Statius")
- [Suetonius](/wiki/Suetonius "Suetonius")
- [Symmachus](/wiki/Quintus_Aurelius_Symmachus "Quintus Aurelius Symmachus")
- [Tacitus](/wiki/Tacitus "Tacitus")
- [Terence](/wiki/Terence "Terence")
- [Tertullian](/wiki/Tertullian "Tertullian")
- [Tibullus](/wiki/Tibullus "Tibullus")
- [Valerius Antias](/wiki/Valerius_Antias "Valerius Antias")
- [Valerius Maximus](/wiki/Valerius_Maximus "Valerius Maximus")
- [Varro](/wiki/Marcus_Terentius_Varro "Marcus Terentius Varro")
- [Velleius Paterculus](/wiki/Velleius_Paterculus "Velleius Paterculus")
- [Verrius Flaccus](/wiki/Verrius_Flaccus "Verrius Flaccus")
- [Vergil](/wiki/Virgil "Virgil")
- [Vitruvius](/wiki/Vitruvius "Vitruvius")

[Greek](/wiki/Ancient_Greek_literature "Ancient Greek literature")

- [Aelian](/wiki/Claudius_Aelianus "Claudius Aelianus")
- [Aëtius of Amida](/wiki/A%C3%ABtius_of_Amida "Aëtius of Amida")
- [Appian](/wiki/Appian "Appian")
- [Arrian](/wiki/Arrian "Arrian")
- [Cassius Dio](/wiki/Cassius_Dio "Cassius Dio")
- [Diodorus Siculus](/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus "Diodorus Siculus")
- [Diogenes Laërtius](/wiki/Diogenes_La%C3%ABrtius "Diogenes Laërtius")
- [Dionysius of Halicarnassus](/wiki/Dionysius_of_Halicarnassus "Dionysius of Halicarnassus")
- [Dioscorides](/wiki/Pedanius_Dioscorides "Pedanius Dioscorides")
- [Eusebius of Caesaria](/wiki/Eusebius "Eusebius")
- [Galen](/wiki/Galen "Galen")
- [Herodian](/wiki/Herodian "Herodian")
- [Josephus](/wiki/Josephus "Josephus")
- [Julian](/wiki/Julian_(emperor) "Julian (emperor)")
- [Libanius](/wiki/Libanius "Libanius")
- [Lucian](/wiki/Lucian "Lucian")
- [Pausanias](/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer) "Pausanias (geographer)")
- [Philostratus](/wiki/Philostratus "Philostratus")
- [Phlegon of Tralles](/wiki/Phlegon_of_Tralles "Phlegon of Tralles")
- [Photius](/wiki/Photios_I_of_Constantinople "Photios I of Constantinople")
- [Plutarch](/wiki/Plutarch "Plutarch")
- [Polyaenus](/wiki/Polyaenus "Polyaenus")
- [Polybius](/wiki/Polybius "Polybius")
- [Porphyrius](/wiki/Porphyry_(philosopher) "Porphyry (philosopher)")
- [Priscus](/wiki/Priscus "Priscus")
- [Procopius](/wiki/Procopius "Procopius")
- [Simplicius of Cilicia](/wiki/Simplicius_of_Cilicia "Simplicius of Cilicia")
- [Sozomen](/wiki/Sozomen "Sozomen")
- [Stephanus Byzantinus](/wiki/Stephanus_of_Byzantium "Stephanus of Byzantium")
- [Strabo](/wiki/Strabo "Strabo")
- [Themistius](/wiki/Themistius "Themistius")
- [Theodoret](/wiki/Theodoret "Theodoret")
- [Zonaras](/wiki/Joannes_Zonaras "Joannes Zonaras")
- [Zosimus](/wiki/Zosimus_(historian) "Zosimus (historian)")

Major cities

- [Alexandria](/wiki/Alexandria "Alexandria")
- [Antioch](/wiki/Antioch "Antioch")
- [Aquileia](/wiki/Aquileia "Aquileia")
- [Berytus](/wiki/Berytus "Berytus")
- [Bononia](/wiki/Bologna "Bologna")
- [Carthage](/wiki/Carthage "Carthage")
- [Constantinopolis](/wiki/Constantinople "Constantinople")
- [Eboracum](/wiki/Eboracum "Eboracum")
- [Leptis Magna](/wiki/Leptis_Magna "Leptis Magna")
- [Londinium](/wiki/Londinium "Londinium")
- [Lugdunum](/wiki/Lugdunum "Lugdunum")
- [Lutetia](/wiki/Lutetia "Lutetia")
- [Mediolanum](/wiki/Mediolanum "Mediolanum")
- [Pompeii](/wiki/Pompeii "Pompeii")
- [Ravenna](/wiki/Ravenna "Ravenna")
- [Roma](/wiki/Rome "Rome")
- [Smyrna](/wiki/Smyrna "Smyrna")
- [Vindobona](/wiki/Vindobona "Vindobona")
- [Volubilis](/wiki/Volubilis "Volubilis")

Lists and other

topics

- [Cities and towns](/wiki/List_of_cities_founded_by_the_Romans "List of cities founded by the Romans")
- [Climate](/wiki/Climate_of_ancient_Rome "Climate of ancient Rome")
- [Consuls](/wiki/List_of_Roman_consuls "List of Roman consuls")
- [Dictators](/wiki/List_of_Roman_dictators "List of Roman dictators")
- [Distinguished women](/wiki/List_of_Roman_women "List of Roman women")
- [Dynasties](/wiki/List_of_Roman_dynasties "List of Roman dynasties")
- [Emperors](/wiki/List_of_Roman_emperors "List of Roman emperors")
- [Empresses](/wiki/List_of_Roman_and_Byzantine_empresses "List of Roman and Byzantine empresses")
- [Fiction](/wiki/Fiction_set_in_ancient_Rome "Fiction set in ancient Rome")
- [Film](/wiki/List_of_films_set_in_ancient_Rome "List of films set in ancient Rome")
- [Generals](/wiki/List_of_Roman_generals "List of Roman generals")
- [Gentes](/wiki/List_of_Roman_gentes "List of Roman gentes")
- [Geographers](/wiki/List_of_Graeco-Roman_geographers "List of Graeco-Roman geographers")
- [Institutions](/wiki/Political_institutions_of_ancient_Rome "Political institutions of ancient Rome")
- [Laws](/wiki/List_of_Roman_laws "List of Roman laws")
- [Legacy](/wiki/Legacy_of_the_Roman_Empire "Legacy of the Roman Empire")
- [Legions](/wiki/List_of_Roman_legions "List of Roman legions")
- [Magistri equitum](/wiki/List_of_Roman_dictators "List of Roman dictators")
- [Nomina](/wiki/List_of_Roman_nomina "List of Roman nomina")
- [Pontifices maximi](/wiki/List_of_pontifices_maximi "List of pontifices maximi")
- [Praetors](/wiki/List_of_Roman_praetors "List of Roman praetors")
- [Quaestors](/wiki/List_of_Roman_quaestors "List of Roman quaestors")
- [Tribunes](/wiki/List_of_Roman_tribunes "List of Roman tribunes")
- [Roman–Iranian relations](/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Iranian_relations "Roman–Iranian relations")
- [External wars and battles](/wiki/List_of_Roman_external_wars_and_battles "List of Roman external wars and battles")
- [Civil wars and revolts](/wiki/List_of_Roman_civil_wars_and_revolts "List of Roman civil wars and revolts")

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