Marte, i progetti per l'esplorazione del pianeta rosso nei prossimi ...
Servono nuovi orbiter​​ Si tratta dei satelliti lasciati in orbita dalle missioni Mars Odyssey, Mars Reconnaissance Obriter, e Maven, che vengono ...
Science
Si tratta comunque di ottime notizie per la comunità scientifica, che da tempo è interessata alla possibilità di organizzare missioni dai costi contenuti dirette su Marte. Che permetterebbero sia di lavorare su più fronti contemporaneamente, sia di immaginare missioni più rischiose, avendo in ballo meno soldi dei contribuenti di cui rendere conto. Come riporta <anchor>Science</anchor>, qualche esempio ce lo offrono i progetti proposti lo scorso anno nel corso di un workshop dedicato al tema, che ha visto la partecipazione di oltre 400 scienziati, e la presentazione di 39 possibili missioni. Tra queste troviamo orbiter dedicati allo studio dei venti, del clima o della gravità marziana, elicotteri autonomi, sullo stile di Ingenuity, con a bordo strumenti per lo studio della geologia, e micro-lander da indirizzare ai poli del pianeta, per studiare e mappare i depositi acqua presenti.
NASA lays out vision for robotic Mars exploration | Science | AAAS
NASA lays out vision for robotic Mars exploration \| Science \| AAAS

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# NASA lays out vision for robotic Mars exploration

## Plan would see low-cost missions every 2 years

- 29 Mar 2023
- 6:00 PM ET
- By [Paul Voosen](/content/author/paul-voosen "Paul Voosen")

![True-color image of Mars acquired by India's Mars Orbiter mission on October 10, 2014, from an altitude of 76000 km.](/do/10.1126/science.adi0331/full/_20230329_on_mars_missions-1680127109767.jpg)A low-cost NASA mission line could see helicopters and microlanders sent to the surface of Mars.ISRO/SSDC/Justin Cowart

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Rover by rover, NASA’s exploration of Mars is building to an expensive climax: a multibillion-dollar mission later this decade to collect the rock samples [currently being gathered by the Perseverance rover](/content/article/mars-rover-nears-milestone-ambitious-plan-return-first-rocks-another-planet) and return them to Earth. But then what?

NASA offered a partial answer to that question today. It envisions a series of lower cost Mars missions, costing up to $300 million, at every 2-year launch window. The program could begin as soon as 2030, said Eric Ianson, director of NASA’s Mars Exploration Program, in a [presentation today](https://www.nationalacademies.org/event/03-28-2023/committee-on-astrobiology-and-planetary-sciences-spring-2023-meeting) to the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. “We’re at this inflection point,” Ianson said. “This is a good opportunity for the proposing community to get really creative.”

The proposed Mars program, which is not yet approved and will be revised with the input of the scientific community, would still periodically pursue more complex—and costly—Mars missions. One possibility is a $1.1 billion robotic lander, called the Mars Life Explorer, that would drill 2 meters into midlatitude ice deposits—a top recommendation of last year’s [“decadal survey” of planetary scientists](/content/article/uranus-should-be-nasa-s-top-planetary-target-influential-report-finds). Ianson said NASA would also like to replace the communications and high-resolution imagery capabilities provided by its aging orbiters.

For several years, planetary scientists have been investigating what cheaper missions to Mars might look like. In 2018, Mars Cube One, a pair of small spacecraft, flew along with the InSight lander, successfully relaying its signal to Earth as they flew past the planet. And the Ingenuity helicopter on Mars, which landed with Perseverance, is about to [take off on its 49th flight](https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/status/)—44 more flights than planned.

Last year, a [workshop looking at low-cost Mars missions](https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lowcostmars2022/pdf/lowcostmars2022_program.htm) drew nearly 400 attendees, with 39 missions proposed. Some were orbiters that would study martian winds, weather, or tiny variations in the planet’s gravitational pull. Other ideas included using standalone helicopters carrying instruments to study Mars’s geology, and parachutes to put microlanders at the poles to survey liquid water. All would be riskier than previous missions.

Ianson expects the missions to benefit from the increased availability of small rocket launch providers. But getting small spacecraft out of low-Earth orbit remains a major hurdle. The agency is now exploring the possibility of tug-craft that could nudge the missions out of orbit and on to Mars, Ianson said.

Scientific payloads could also be added to non-NASA spacecraft going to the planet, Ianson said. “These are missions of opportunity,” he said. “We’re entering an era where others are going to Mars.” A model for that concept is NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services, which is [paying commercial providers to carry payloads to the Moon’s surface](/content/article/nasa-funded-startups-will-soon-put-fleet-landers-moon).

The next phase of NASA’s Mars program would retain such familiar themes as the search for life and the planet’s geological history, Ianson said. But some missions would also advance the eventual human exploration of the planet, such as attempts to forecast dust storms or characterize potential ice-rich sites that might provide fuel and food for astronauts.

The Mars sample return mission will remain the program’s biggest component for the near future, with $949 million requested in the 2024 fiscal year. Cost overruns from Psyche, a mission to a metallic asteroid, and the Europa Clipper, a mission to Jupiter’s icy moon, are straining the planetary science division’s budget, which funds the Mars program. Even with a planetary budget this year of $3.2 billion–more than any other science division—the agency was forced to postpone its planned Venus orbiter, VERITAS, for several years—to the [great consternation of planetary scientists](https://spacenews.com/nasa-weighing-continuing-veritas-versus-future-discovery-mission/).

* * *

doi: 10.1126/science.adi0331

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## About the author

![Paul Voosen](/do/10.1126/author.2338180/authorSummary/p1320441-1702925845987.jpg)

#### [Paul Voosen](/content/author/paul-voosen)

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##### Author

Paul Voosen is a staff writer who covers Earth and planetary science.

* * *

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