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Marketing in Business: Strategies and Types Explained - Investopedia
Marketing refers to any activities undertaken by a company to promote the buying or selling of a service. If there is a limited quantity of a product, a company ...
draw in customers
Marketing as a discipline involves all the actions a company undertakes to <anchor>draw in customers</anchor> and maintain relationships with them. Networking with potential or past clients is part of the work too and may include writing thank you emails, playing golf with prospective clients, returning calls and emails quickly, and meeting with clients for coffee or a meal.
Below-the-Line Advertising: Definition and Use in Marketing
Below-the-Line Advertising: Definition and Use in Marketing

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# Below-the-Line Advertising: Definition and Use in Marketing

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[Andrew Bloomenthal](https://www.investopedia.com/contributors/53430/)

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Andrew Bloomenthal has 20+ years of editorial experience as a financial journalist and as a financial services marketing writer.

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Updated October 23, 2020

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[David Kindness](https://www.investopedia.com/david-kindness-4799933)

Reviewed byDavid Kindness

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![Below-the-Line Advertising: Advertising in mediums other than radio, television, billboards, print, and film.](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/c8UGPgwzshxOzuTxtpQEshDYEd4=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/below-the-line-advertising.asp-final-37c35402531c47ccb6bc1d6ea48d9210.png)

Investopedia / Mira Norian

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## What Is Below-the-Line Advertising?

Below-the-line advertising is an advertising strategy where products are promoted in media other than mainstream radio, television, billboards, print, and film formats. The main types of below-the-line advertising systems include [direct mail](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/direct-mail.asp) campaigns, social media marketing, trade shows, catalogs, and targeted search engine marketing. Below-the-line advertising methods tend to be less expensive and more focused versus above-the-line strategies.

### Key Takeaways

- Below-the-line advertising is an advertising strategy where products are promoted in media other than mainstream radio or television.
- Below-the-line advertising campaigns include direct mail campaigns, trade shows, catalogs, and targeted search engine marketing.
- Above-the-line methods are ideal for general brand awareness, while below-the-line tactics are preferable for fostering direct relationships with potential customers.

## Understanding Below-the-Line Advertising

Below-the-line advertising seeks to [reach consumers directly](https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/081616/can-i-make-money-advertising-my-car-or-it-scam.asp), instead of casting a wide net to reach mass audiences. Rather than airing a national commercial during a hit network television show, a below-the-line campaign might instead focus on an in-store demonstration of a product, that consumers may wish to investigate in person. This allows for a more high-touch experience, where a salesperson can answer direct questions and better explain the products. Some examples of below-the-line advertising include:

### Targeted Online Marketing

Companies can target specific [demographics](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/012315/how-demographics-drive-economy.asp) with their advertising campaigns, such as the age of a consumer or the industry of a company. LinkedIn, for example, allows marketers to target specific people with sidebar advertisements based on their profession or groups that they belong to on the website.

### Direct Mailing

Companies still engage in direct mail advertising, especially the older demographics that are not online as often as, the younger generations. Catalogues and postcard mailings are still popular and effective marketing tools.

### Trade Shows and Presentations

Businesses often present their products and services through the local Chambers of Commerce. Banks host mortgage seminars to answer questions about mortgages, interest rates, and home affordability with the goal of landing new loan customers.

Of course, there's no perfect marketing tool that works each and every time. Instead, companies often subscribe to multiple strategies. For example, a company might send out a direct mailing of fliers advertising an upcoming event that the company is hosting at the local convention center.

## Above-the-Line vs. Below-the-Line Advertising

Above-the-line advertising is designed to reach mass audiences. The epitome of above-the-line marketing is a [Super Bowl television ad](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/100615/how-tv-advertising-industry-works.asp), which costs millions of dollars for mere seconds of airtime, but instantly reaches tens of millions of consumers on a global basis. On the downside, statistically speaking, a significant percentage of those viewers may not typify a company’s target consumer.

Conversely, below-the-line advertising reaches fewer people but is more selective about its audience. In most cases, below-the-line advertisers initially conduct extensive market research, in an effort to identify a target niche of buyers more likely to purchase the products. Once the target demographic is identified, below-the-line advertising reaches consumers in a more personalized, direct manner.

Above-the line casts a wide net versus below-the-line, which uses a proverbial fishing pole through direct mailings, face-to-face contacts at trade shows, or paid search engine results that pop up when consumers enter specific queries.

The return on investment (ROI) from a below-the-line campaign can be higher versus an above-the-line since below-the-line is less costly and more easily monitored.

## Advantages of Below-the-Line Advertising

[Lower costs](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/advertising-costs.asp) are arguably the biggest advantage of below-the-line advertising. While TV and radio ads tend to be pricy, direct mailing and search engine marketing are far more economical. And below-the-line methods can be more cheaply and easily scaled up or down.

Furthermore, below-the-line methods make it easier to track conversions with intended consumers. Case in point: though there are multiple strategies for tracking the effectiveness of TV and radio ads, it's hard to gauge overall impact. Asking customers how they heard about a company, for example, can yield unreliable responses because people sometimes recall their experiences inaccurately. On the other hand, email and search engine marketing precisely track the links consumers click, in order to provide businesses with more exacting details.

Below-the-line marketing fosters superior customer engagement, which is critical in today’s modern business landscape. While above-the-line methods are ideal for spreading general brand awareness, below-the-line tactics are preferable for fostering more meaningful relationships with potential customers.

Related Terms

[What Is a Hard Sell? Definition vs. Soft Sell and Characteristics](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hard-sell.asp)

Hard sell is an advertising or sales approach that features especially direct and insistent language. The pressure of a hard sell can offend or drive away customers.

[more](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hard-sell.asp)

[Advertising Elasticity of Demand (AED): Definition and Examples](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/advertising-elasticity-of-demand.asp)

Advertising elasticity of demand (AED) measures a market's sensitivity to increases or decreases in advertising saturation and its effect on sales.

[more](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/advertising-elasticity-of-demand.asp)

[Cost per Thousand (CPM) Definition and Its Role in Marketing](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cpm.asp)

Cost per thousand (CPM) is a marketing term that's used to denote the cost an advertiser pays per one thousand advertisement impressions on a web page.

[more](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cpm.asp)

[Viral Marketing: What It Is, How It Works, Examples, Pros & Cons](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/viral-marketing.asp)

Viral marketing seeks to spread information about a product or service from person to person by word of mouth or sharing via the Internet or email.

[more](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/viral-marketing.asp)

[What Is Network Marketing?](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/network-marketing.asp)

Network marketing is a business model that generates sales through independent representatives.

[more](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/network-marketing.asp)

[Volume Discount: What It Means, How It Works](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volume-discount.asp)

Volume discounts are financial incentives for individuals or businesses that purchase goods in multiple units or in large quantities.

[more](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volume-discount.asp)

Related Articles

[What Is a Hard Sell? Definition vs. Soft Sell and Characteristics](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hard-sell.asp) [Advertising Elasticity of Demand (AED): Definition and Examples](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/advertising-elasticity-of-demand.asp) [Cost per Thousand (CPM) Definition and Its Role in Marketing](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cpm.asp) [Viral Marketing: What It Is, How It Works, Examples, Pros & Cons](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/viral-marketing.asp) [What Is Network Marketing?](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/network-marketing.asp) [Volume Discount: What It Means, How It Works](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/volume-discount.asp)

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