योगिक डाइट के सिद्धांत
What Is The Yogic Diet? | The Art of Living Without Food
The basic premise of the yogic diet is that we can achieve good health and vitality with less food, by the removal and continued avoidance of toxins in our body ...
breatharian
One of the most famous labels for people who live off prana alone is ‘ <anchor>breatharian</anchor>‘. Breatharians are said to live on air alone, but this is actually prana they are talking about – the complete removal of food and water is what really has given rise to this term. The term breatharian was made popular in the 1960s in hippy America, and one of the main places the practice was taken from was the ancient Indian practices of absorbing prana and more specifically, from yogis who practice this lifestyle. Everybody has heard of yogis who live in the Himalayas for years and years practicing an ascetic lifestyle on their path to enlightenment. These practices are thousands of years old and in truth, there are many people in India who practice a calory restricted lifestyle. To practice a calory restricted lifestyle that incorporates techniques to improve your prana absorption does not mean you are or have to be a breatharian, but the main principles are from the same root.
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## Contents

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- [1Scientific assessment](#Scientific_assessment)
- [2Alleged practitioners](#Alleged_practitioners)Toggle Alleged practitioners subsection  - [2.1Rosicrucianism](#Rosicrucianism)
  - [2.2Ram Bahadur Bomjon ("Bakji")](#Ram_Bahadur_Bomjon_("Bakji"))
  - [2.3Prahlad Jani ("Mataji")](#Prahlad_Jani_("Mataji"))
  - [2.4Jasmuheen](#Jasmuheen)
  - [2.5Wiley Brooks](#Wiley_Brooks)
  - [2.6Hira Ratan Manek](#Hira_Ratan_Manek)
  - [2.7Ray Maor](#Ray_Maor)
- [3Mythology and religion](#Mythology_and_religion)Toggle Mythology and religion subsection  - [3.1Hinduism](#Hinduism)
  - [3.2Taoism](#Taoism)
  - [3.3Jainism](#Jainism)
- [4Works](#Works)
- [5See also](#See_also)
- [6References](#References)
- [7External links](#External_links)

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# Inedia

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Belief that a person can live without food

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/J._Reynolds%2C_A_discourse_upon_prodigious_abstinence..._Wellcome_L0022587.jpg/250px-J._Reynolds%2C_A_discourse_upon_prodigious_abstinence..._Wellcome_L0022587.jpg)](/wiki/File:J._Reynolds,_A_discourse_upon_prodigious_abstinence..._Wellcome_L0022587.jpg) 1669 report that claims a woman fasted for 12 monthsPart of [a series](/wiki/Category:Paranormal "Category:Paranormal") on the[Paranormal](/wiki/Paranormal "Paranormal")

Main articles

- [Astral projection](/wiki/Astral_projection "Astral projection")
- [Astrology](/wiki/Astrology "Astrology")
- [Aura](/wiki/Aura_(paranormal) "Aura (paranormal)")
- [Bilocation](/wiki/Bilocation "Bilocation")
- Breatharianism
- [Clairvoyance](/wiki/Clairvoyance "Clairvoyance")
- [Close encounter](/wiki/Close_encounter "Close encounter")
- [Cold spot](/wiki/Cold_spot_(paranormal) "Cold spot (paranormal)")
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**Reportedly haunted locations:**

- [India](/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_India "List of reportedly haunted locations in India")
- [United Kingdom](/wiki/Reportedly_haunted_locations_in_the_United_Kingdom "Reportedly haunted locations in the United Kingdom")
- [United States](/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_the_United_States "List of reportedly haunted locations in the United States")
- [World](/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations "List of reportedly haunted locations")

[Skepticism](/wiki/Skepticism "Skepticism")

- [Cold reading](/wiki/Cold_reading "Cold reading")
- [Committee for Skeptical Inquiry](/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry "Committee for Skeptical Inquiry")
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[Parapsychology](/wiki/Parapsychology "Parapsychology")

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- [Parapsychology](/wiki/Parapsychology "Parapsychology")
- [Synchronicity](/wiki/Synchronicity "Synchronicity")

Related

- [Anomalistics](/wiki/Anomalistics "Anomalistics")
- [Argument from ignorance](/wiki/Argument_from_ignorance "Argument from ignorance")
- [Argumentum ad populum](/wiki/Argumentum_ad_populum "Argumentum ad populum")
- [Bandwagon effect](/wiki/Bandwagon_effect "Bandwagon effect")
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- [Cognitive dissonance](/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance "Cognitive dissonance")
- [Communal reinforcement](/wiki/Communal_reinforcement "Communal reinforcement")
- [Fallacy](/wiki/Fallacy "Fallacy")
- [Falsifiability](/wiki/Falsifiability "Falsifiability")
- [Fringe science](/wiki/Fringe_science "Fringe science")
- [Groupthink](/wiki/Groupthink "Groupthink")
- [Hypnosis](/wiki/Hypnosis "Hypnosis")
- [Junk science](/wiki/Junk_science "Junk science")
- [Protoscience](/wiki/Protoscience "Protoscience")
- [Pseudoscience](/wiki/Pseudoscience "Pseudoscience")
- [Scientific evidence](/wiki/Scientific_evidence "Scientific evidence")
- [Scientific method](/wiki/Scientific_method "Scientific method")
- [Superstition](/wiki/Superstition "Superstition")
- [Uncertainty](/wiki/Uncertainty "Uncertainty")
- [Urban legend](/wiki/Urban_legend "Urban legend")

- [v](/wiki/Template:Paranormal "Template:Paranormal")
- [t](/wiki/Template_talk:Paranormal "Template talk:Paranormal")
- [e](/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paranormal "Special:EditPage/Template:Paranormal")

**Inedia** (Latin for ' [fasting](/wiki/Fasting "Fasting")') or **breatharianism** ([/brɛˈθɛəriənɪzəm/](/wiki/Help:IPA/English "Help:IPA/English") [_breth-AIR-ee-ən-iz-əm_](/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key "Help:Pronunciation respelling key")) is the claimed ability for a person to live without consuming food, and in some cases water. It is a [pseudoscientific](/wiki/Pseudoscience "Pseudoscience") practice, and several adherents of these practices have died from starvation or dehydration.[\[1\]](#cite_note-BDA2014-1)[\[2\]](#cite_note-BBC-2)[\[3\]](#cite_note-SundayTimes-3)[\[4\]](#cite_note-NYDailyNews1-4)

## Scientific assessment

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Inedia&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: Scientific assessment")\]

Documented studies on the physiological effects of food restriction clearly show that [fasting](/wiki/Fasting "Fasting") for extended periods leads to [starvation](/wiki/Starvation "Starvation"), [dehydration](/wiki/Dehydration "Dehydration"), and eventual death.[\[5\]](#cite_note-5) In the absence of food intake, the body normally burns its own reserves of [glycogen](/wiki/Glycogen "Glycogen"), body fat, and muscle. Breatharians claim that their bodies do not consume these reserves while fasting.[\[6\]](#cite_note-6)

Some breatharians have submitted themselves to medical testing, including a hospital's observation of Indian mystic [Prahlad Jani](/wiki/Prahlad_Jani "Prahlad Jani") appearing to survive without food or water for 15 days. However, the hospital Jani attended has not published official documentation about the event.[\[7\]](#cite_note-7)[\[8\]](#cite_note-8) In other cases, people have attempted to survive on sunlight alone, only to abandon the effort after losing a large percentage of their body weight.[\[9\]](#cite_note-9)

In a handful of documented cases, individuals attempting breatharian fasting have died.[\[2\]](#cite_note-BBC-2)[\[3\]](#cite_note-SundayTimes-3)[\[4\]](#cite_note-NYDailyNews1-4) Scientific societies such as the [British Dietetic Association](/wiki/British_Dietetic_Association "British Dietetic Association") strongly disadvise the breatharian diet, qualifying it as "dangerous", and stating that "the basic fact is we all need food and liquid in our diet to live."[\[1\]](#cite_note-BDA2014-1)

## Alleged practitioners

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Inedia&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: Alleged practitioners")\]

### Rosicrucianism

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Inedia&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Rosicrucianism")\]

The 1670 [Rosicrucian](/wiki/Rosicrucianism "Rosicrucianism") text _[Comte de Gabalis](/wiki/Comte_de_Gabalis "Comte de Gabalis")_ attributed the practice to the physician and occultist [Paracelsus](/wiki/Paracelsus "Paracelsus") (1493–1541) who was described as having lived "several years by taking only one-half scrupule of Solar Quintessence". In this book, it is also stated that "Paracelsus affirms that He has seen many of the Sages fast twenty years without eating anything whatsoever."[\[10\]](#cite_note-10)

### Ram Bahadur Bomjon ("Bakji")

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Inedia&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: Ram Bahadur Bomjon (\"Bakji\")")\]

[Ram Bahadur Bomjon](/wiki/Ram_Bahadur_Bomjon "Ram Bahadur Bomjon") is a [Nepalese Buddhist](/wiki/Buddhism_in_Nepal "Buddhism in Nepal") monk who lives as an [ascetic](/wiki/Asceticism "Asceticism") in a remote area of [Nepal](/wiki/Nepal "Nepal"). Bomjon appears to go for long periods of time without ingesting either food or water.[\[11\]](#cite_note-11)[\[12\]](#cite_note-12) One such period was chronicled in a 2006 Discovery Channel documentary titled _The Boy With Divine Powers_, which reported that Bomjon neither moved, ate, nor drank anything during 96 hours of filming.[\[13\]](#cite_note-13) The documentary makers were, however, prevented from filming Bomjon continuously for that period of time.[\[14\]](#cite_note-14) His claims have never been objectively verified.[\[15\]](#cite_note-15)

### Prahlad Jani ("Mataji")

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Inedia&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: Prahlad Jani (\"Mataji\")")\]

[Prahlad Jani](/wiki/Prahlad_Jani "Prahlad Jani") was an Indian [sadhu](/wiki/Sadhu "Sadhu") who claimed to have lived without food and water for more than 70 years. Doctors at Sterling Hospital investigated his claims in [Ahmedabad](/wiki/Ahmedabad "Ahmedabad"), Gujarat, in 2003 and 2010.[\[16\]](#cite_note-Dasgupta-Hindu-16) The study concluded that Prahlad Jani was able to survive under observation for ten days without food and water, and had passed no [urine](/wiki/Urine "Urine") or [stool](/wiki/Feces "Feces"),[\[17\]](#cite_note-Khanna-bbc-17) with no need for [dialysis](/wiki/Kidney_dialysis "Kidney dialysis").[\[18\]](#cite_note-18) Interviews with the researchers speak of strict observation and relate that round-the-clock observation was ensured by multiple [CCTV](/wiki/Closed-circuit_television "Closed-circuit television") cameras. Jani was subjected to multiple medical tests.[\[19\]](#cite_note-DNAIndia-19) The research team could not comment on his claim of having been able to survive in this way for decades.

The case has attracted criticism, both after the 2003 tests and the 2010 tests. [Sanal Edamaruku](/wiki/Sanal_Edamaruku "Sanal Edamaruku"), president of the [Indian Rationalist Association](/wiki/Indian_Rationalist_Association "Indian Rationalist Association"), criticized the 2010 experiment for allowing Jani to move out of a certain CCTV camera's field of view, meet devotees, and leave the sealed test room to sunbathe. Edamaruku stated that the regular gargling and bathing activities were not sufficiently monitored and accused Jani of having had some "influential protectors" who denied Edamaruku permission to inspect the project during its operation.[\[20\]](#cite_note-rationalistinternational1-20)

### Jasmuheen

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Inedia&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: Jasmuheen")\]

[Jasmuheen](/wiki/Jasmuheen "Jasmuheen") (born Ellen Greve) was a prominent advocate of breatharianism in the 1990s. She said, "I can go for months and months without having anything at all other than a cup of tea. My body runs on a different kind of nourishment."[\[21\]](#cite_note-21) Interviewers found her house stocked with food; Jasmuheen claimed the food was for her husband and daughter. In 1999, she volunteered to be monitored closely by the Australian television program _[60 Minutes](/wiki/60_Minutes_(Australian_TV_program) "60 Minutes (Australian TV program)")_ for one week without eating to demonstrate her methods.[\[22\]](#cite_note-22)[\[23\]](#cite_note-23)

Jasmuheen stated that she found it difficult on the third day of the test because the hotel room in which she was confined was located near a busy road, causing [stress](/wiki/Stress_(medicine) "Stress (medicine)") and [pollution](/wiki/Pollution "Pollution") that prevented absorption of required nutrients from the air. "I asked for fresh air. Seventy per cent of my nutrients come from fresh air. I couldn’t even breathe," she said. On the third day, the test was moved to a mountainside retreat, where her condition continued to deteriorate. After Jasmuheen had fasted for four days, Berris Wink, president of the Queensland branch of the [Australian Medical Association](/wiki/Australian_Medical_Association "Australian Medical Association"), urged her to stop the test.[\[24\]](#cite_note-Yahoo_1999-24)

According to Wink, Jasmuheen's pupils were dilated, her speech was slow, and she was "quite dehydrated, probably over 10%, getting up to 11%". Towards the end of the test, she said, "Her pulse is about double what it was when she started. The risks if she goes any further are kidney failure. _60 Minutes_ would be culpable if they encouraged her to continue. She should stop now." The test was stopped. Wink said, "Unfortunately there are a few people who may believe what she says, and I'm sure it's only a few, but I think it's quite irresponsible for somebody to be trying to encourage others to do something that is so detrimental to their health."[\[24\]](#cite_note-Yahoo_1999-24) Jasmuheen challenged the results of the program, saying, "Look, 6,000 people have done this around the world without any problem."[\[25\]](#cite_note-Bergman2006-25)[\[26\]](#cite_note-26)[\[27\]](#cite_note-27)

Jasmuheen was awarded the [Bent Spoon Award](/wiki/Bent_Spoon_Award "Bent Spoon Award") by [Australian Skeptics](/wiki/Australian_Skeptics "Australian Skeptics") in 2000 ("presented to the perpetrator of the most preposterous piece of paranormal or pseudoscientific piffle").[\[28\]](#cite_note-28) She also won the 2000 [Ig Nobel Prize](/wiki/Ig_Nobel_Prize "Ig Nobel Prize") for Literature for _Living on Light_.[\[29\]](#cite_note-29) Jasmuheen claims that their beliefs are based on the writings and "more recent [channelled](/wiki/Channelling_(mediumistic) "Channelling (mediumistic)") material" from [St. Germain](/wiki/St._Germain_(Theosophy) "St. Germain (Theosophy)").[\[30\]](#cite_note-30) She stated that some people's [DNA](/wiki/DNA "DNA") has expanded from 2 to 12 strands, to "absorb more hydrogen". When offered $30,000 to prove her claim with a blood test, she said that she did not understand the relevance as she was not referring to herself.[\[31\]](#cite_note-31)

As of 2017[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inedia&action=edit), five deaths had been directly linked to breatharianism as a result of Jasmuheen's publications.[\[32\]](#cite_note-3Deaths-32)[\[33\]](#cite_note-33)[\[34\]](#cite_note-contactmuziek-34)[\[35\]](#cite_note-NRC-35) Jasmuheen has denied any responsibility for three of the deaths.[\[36\]](#cite_note-36)

### Wiley Brooks

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Inedia&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: Wiley Brooks")\]

Wiley Brooks (1936–2016)[\[37\]](#cite_note-Quacks!:_Dodgy_Doctors_and_Foolish_Fads_Throughout_History-37)[\[38\]](#cite_note-38) was the founder of the Breatharian Institute of America. He was first introduced to the public in 1980 when he appeared on the TV show _[That's Incredible!](/wiki/That%27s_Incredible! "That's Incredible!")_[\[39\]](#cite_note-SeattleTimes-39) Brooks stopped teaching shortly before his death in 2016 to "devote 100% of his time on solving the problem as to why he needed to eat some type of food to keep his [physical body](/wiki/Physical_body "Physical body") alive and allow his [light body](/wiki/Subtle_body "Subtle body") to manifest completely".[\[40\]](#cite_note-altinate-40) Brooks claims to have found "four major deterrents" which prevented him from living without food: "people pollution", "food pollution", "air pollution", and "electro pollution".[\[40\]](#cite_note-altinate-40)

In 1983, he was reportedly observed leaving a [Santa Cruz](/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_California "Santa Cruz, California") [7-Eleven](/wiki/7-Eleven "7-Eleven") with a [Slurpee](/wiki/Slurpee "Slurpee"), a [hot dog](/wiki/Hot_dog "Hot dog"), and [Twinkies](/wiki/Twinkie "Twinkie").[\[41\]](#cite_note-41) He told _[Colors](/wiki/Colors_(magazine) "Colors (magazine)")_ magazine in 2003 that he periodically breaks his fasting with a [cheeseburger](/wiki/Cheeseburger "Cheeseburger") and a [cola](/wiki/Cola "Cola"), explaining that when he's surrounded by junk culture and [junk food](/wiki/Junk_food "Junk food"), consuming them adds balance.[\[42\]](#cite_note-42)

Brooks later claimed that "All McDonalds are constructed on properties that are protected by 5th Dimensional high energy/spiritual portals", encouraging the consumption of [Diet Coke](/wiki/Diet_Coke "Diet Coke") and [McDonald's](/wiki/McDonald%27s "McDonald's") Double-Quarter-Pounder/with cheese meal ("It is also acceptable to combine 2 [quarter-pounder](/wiki/Quarter_Pounder "Quarter Pounder") with cheese burgers to make one double-quarter pounder if you can't get the double-quarter-pounder with cheese where you live"), and discouraging the consumption of "water of any kind".[\[43\]](#cite_note-43) The idea of separate but interconnected 5D and 3D worlds was a major part of Brooks' ideology, and Brooks encouraged his followers to only eat these special 5D foods, as well as to meditate on a set of magical 5D words.[\[44\]](#cite_note-44)

Brooks's institute has set various prices for prospective clients wishing to learn how to live without food, ranging from US$100,000 with an initial deposit of $10,000,[\[45\]](#cite_note-Initiation_workshops-45) to fifty billion dollars, to be paid via bank [wire transfer](/wiki/Wire_transfer "Wire transfer") with a preliminary deposit of $100,000, for a session called an "Immortality workshop".[\[46\]](#cite_note-Immortality_workshop-46) A payment plan was also offered.[\[47\]](#cite_note-Initiation_workshops_Internet_Archive-47) These charges were typically presented as limited time offers exclusively for billionaires.[\[48\]](#cite_note-Fees_via_Internet_archive-48)[\[49\]](#cite_note-Initiation_workshops_through_Internet_Archive-49)

### Hira Ratan Manek

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Inedia&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: Hira Ratan Manek")\]

Hira Ratan Manek (1937–2022)[\[50\]](#cite_note-50)[\[51\]](#cite_note-51) claimed that since 18 June 1995, he lived on water and occasionally tea, coffee, and [buttermilk](/wiki/Buttermilk "Buttermilk"). Manek stated that [sungazing](/wiki/Sungazing "Sungazing") was the key to his health,[\[52\]](#cite_note-52) citing [yogis](/wiki/Yogi "Yogi"), ancient [Egyptians](/wiki/Ancient_Egypt "Ancient Egypt"), [Aztecs](/wiki/Aztec "Aztec"), [Mayas](/wiki/Maya_peoples "Maya peoples"), and [Native Americans](/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas "Indigenous peoples of the Americas") as practitioners of the art.[\[53\]](#cite_note-53) While he and his proponents stated that medical experts confirmed his ability to draw sustenance by gazing at the Sun,[\[54\]](#cite_note-54) a method which came to be known as "HRM phenomenon" (by his initials), he was caught on camera eating a big meal in a San Francisco restaurant in the 2011 documentary _Eat the Sun_.[\[55\]](#cite_note-55)[\[56\]](#cite_note-56)

### Ray Maor

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Inedia&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: Ray Maor")\]

In a television documentary produced by the Israeli television [investigative show](/wiki/Investigative_journalism "Investigative journalism") _The Real Face_ (פנים אמיתיות), hosted by Amnon Levy, Israeli practitioner of inedia Ray Maor (ריי מאור) appeared to survive without food or water for eight days and eight nights. According to the documentary, he was restricted to a small villa and placed under constant video surveillance, with medical supervision that included daily blood testing. The documentary claimed Maor was in good spirits throughout the experiment; that he lost 7.5 kilograms (17 lb) after eight days; that blood tests showed no change before, during or after the experiment; and that [cardiologist](/wiki/Cardiologist "Cardiologist") Ilan Kitsis from [Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center](/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Sourasky_Medical_Center "Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center") was "baffled".[\[57\]](#cite_note-panim.nana10.co.il-57)[\[58\]](#cite_note-ReferenceA-58)[\[59\]](#cite_note-glz.co.il-59)

## Mythology and religion

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Inedia&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: Mythology and religion")\]

### Hinduism

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Inedia&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: Hinduism")\]

Some Hindu religious texts contain accounts of saints and hermits practising what would be called inedia, breatharianism or Sustenance through Light in modern terms. In Valmiki's _[Ramayana](/wiki/Ramayana "Ramayana")_, Book III, Canto VI, an account of anchorites and holy men is given, who flocked around [Rama](/wiki/Rama "Rama") when he came to [Śarabhanga](/wiki/%C5%9Aarabhanga "Śarabhanga")'s hermitage. These included, among others, the "...saints who live on rays which moon and daystar give" and "those ... whose food the wave of air supplies". In Canto XI of the same book, a hermit named [Māṇḍakarṇi](/wiki/M%C4%81%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Dakar%E1%B9%87i "Māṇḍakarṇi") is mentioned: "For he, great votarist, intent – On strictest rule his stern life spent – ... – Ten thousand years on air he fed..." (English quotations are from [Ralph T. H. Griffith](/wiki/Ralph_T._H._Griffith "Ralph T. H. Griffith")'s translation).

[Paramahansa Yogananda](/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda "Paramahansa Yogananda")'s 1946 book _[Autobiography of a Yogi](/wiki/Autobiography_of_a_Yogi "Autobiography of a Yogi")_ details two alleged historical examples of breatharianism, Hari Giri Bala and [Therese Neumann](/wiki/Therese_Neumann "Therese Neumann").

There are claims that [Devraha Baba](/wiki/Devraha_Baba "Devraha Baba") lived without food.\[ _[citation needed](/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

Some breatharians claim that humans can be sustained solely by _[prana](/wiki/Prana "Prana")_, the vital life force in [Hinduism](/wiki/Hinduism "Hinduism"). According to [Ayurveda](/wiki/Ayurveda "Ayurveda"), [sunlight](/wiki/Sunlight "Sunlight") is one of the main sources of prana, and some practitioners believe that it is possible for a person to survive on sunlight alone.\[ _[citation needed](/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

### Taoism

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Inedia&action=edit&section=12 "Edit section: Taoism")\]

[Bigu (grain avoidance)](/wiki/Bigu_(grain_avoidance) "Bigu (grain avoidance)") is a fasting technique with various different interpretations, from simply avoiding eating specific grains, to avoiding all grains, to eating no food at all, and drawing sustenance from gulps of air.[\[60\]](#cite_note-60)

### Jainism

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Inedia&action=edit&section=13 "Edit section: Jainism")\]

Main article: [Fasting in Jainism](/wiki/Fasting_in_Jainism "Fasting in Jainism")

There are varying types of fasts practised by followers of [Jainism](/wiki/Jainism "Jainism"). Some Jain monks and laities continuously fast for months. These fasts last six months or even longer. A Jain monk, Sahaj Muni Maharaj, is said to have completed his 365-day fast on 1 May 1998.[\[61\]](#cite_note-61) Another Jain monk Hansaratna Vijayji was said to have completed 423-day fast in 494 days in 2015. He had previously claimed to have fasted for 108 days in 2013 and for 180 days in 2014.[\[62\]](#cite_note-62) Several others have claimed to have fasted for six months.[\[63\]](#cite_note-63)[\[64\]](#cite_note-64)[\[65\]](#cite_note-65)

## Works

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Inedia&action=edit&section=14 "Edit section: Works")\]

- _[In the Beginning There Was Light](/wiki/In_the_Beginning_There_Was_Light "In the Beginning There Was Light")_, a 2010 Austrian documentary on breatharianism

## See also

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Inedia&action=edit&section=15 "Edit section: See also")\]

- [Anorexia mirabilis](/wiki/Anorexia_mirabilis "Anorexia mirabilis"), Middle Ages
- [Fasting girls](/wiki/Fasting_girls "Fasting girls"), Victorian Era
- [Kumbhaka](/wiki/Kumbhaka "Kumbhaka"), Yoga
- [List of diets](/wiki/List_of_diets "List of diets")
- [Scientific skepticism](/wiki/Scientific_skepticism "Scientific skepticism")
- [Sungazing](/wiki/Sungazing "Sungazing")
- [Starvation diet](/wiki/Starvation_diet "Starvation diet")

## References

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Inedia&action=edit&section=16 "Edit section: References")\]

01. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-BDA2014_1-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-BDA2014_1-1)["Top 5 Worst Celebrity Diets to Avoid in 2014"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140322130340/https://www.bda.uk.com/news/131125BadDiets.html). _bda.uk.com_. 22 March 2014. Archived from [the original](https://www.bda.uk.com/news/131125BadDiets.html) on 22 March 2014.
02. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-BBC_2-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-BBC_2-1)["UK: Scotland Woman 'starved herself to death'"](http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/453661.stm). BBC. 21 September 1999. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20111123151809/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/453661.stm) from the original on 23 November 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2008.
03. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-SundayTimes_3-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-SundayTimes_3-1)Walker, Tom; O'Reilly, Judith (26 September 1999). "Three deaths linked to 'living on air' cult". _Sunday Times (London)_.
04. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-NYDailyNews1_4-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-NYDailyNews1_4-1)["Swiss woman dies after attempting to live on sunlight; Woman gave up food and water on spiritual journey"](http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/health/swiss-women-dies-giving-water-food-thought-live-sunlight-article-1.1067359). [Associated Press](/wiki/Associated_Press "Associated Press"). 25 April 2012. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120428052455/http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/health/swiss-women-dies-giving-water-food-thought-live-sunlight-article-1.1067359) from the original on 28 April 2012.
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09. **[^](#cite_ref-9)**Lacitis, Erik (17 June 2013). ["Fasting woman to end attempt to 'live on light'"](http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2021211809_experimentendsxml.html). _Seattle Times_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130618222438/http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2021211809_experimentendsxml.html) from the original on 18 June 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
10. **[^](#cite_ref-10)**abbé de Nicolas-Pierre-Henri, Villars (1914). [_Comte de Gabalis_](https://archive.org/details/cu31924028957467) (1914 ed.). The Brothers. pp. [63](https://archive.org/details/cu31924028957467/page/n101)–64.
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12. **[^](#cite_ref-12)**["paldendorje.com"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140917203905/http://paldendorje.com/en/). Archived from [the original](http://paldendorje.com/en/) on 17 September 2014.
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18. **[^](#cite_ref-18)**["Scientists Baffled by Prahlad Jani, Man Who Doesn't Eat or Drink"](https://abcnews.go.com/Health/International/man-eat-drink/story?id=10787036). _[ABC News](/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States) "ABC News (United States)")_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160303173223/https://abcnews.go.com/Health/International/man-eat-drink/story?id=10787036) from the original on 3 March 2016.
19. **[^](#cite_ref-DNAIndia_19-0)**["Experts baffled as Mataji's medical reports are normal"](http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_experts-baffled-as-mataji-s-medical-reports-are-normal_1380169). 7 May 2010. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130128132105/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_experts-baffled-as-mataji-s-medical-reports-are-normal_1380169) from the original on 28 January 2013.
20. **[^](#cite_ref-rationalistinternational1_20-0)**Edamaruku, Sanal (18 May 2010). ["Prahlad Jani and his powerful protectors"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165946/http://www.rationalistinternational.net/article/2010/20100518/en_1.html). Rationalistinternational.net. Archived from [the original](http://www.rationalistinternational.net/article/2010/20100518/en_1.html) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
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23. **[^](#cite_ref-23)**["Jasmuheen"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001044/http://www.ratbags.com/rsoles/comment/jasmuheen.htm). Archived from [the original](http://www.ratbags.com/rsoles/comment/jasmuheen.htm) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2008.
24. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-Yahoo_1999_24-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-Yahoo_1999_24-1)["Fresh-air dietician fails TV show's challenge"](http://www.caic.org.au/miscult/breatharians/Fresh-air%20dietician%20fails%20TV%20show%27s%20challenge.htm). [Yahoo News](/wiki/Yahoo_News "Yahoo News"). 25 October 1999. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20171013013712/http://www.caic.org.au/miscult/breatharians/Fresh-air%20dietician%20fails%20TV%20show%27s%20challenge.htm) from the original on 13 October 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
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32. **[^](#cite_ref-3Deaths_32-0)**Walker, Tom; Judith O'Reilly (26 September 1999). "Three deaths linked to 'living on air' cult". _[The Sunday Times](/wiki/The_Sunday_Times_(UK) "The Sunday Times (UK)")_. (London).
33. **[^](#cite_ref-33)**["Swiss woman starves to death on daylight diet"](http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/more-news/swiss-woman-starved-to-death-on-daylight-diet/story-e6frf7lf-1226339082591). _[Herald Sun](/wiki/Herald_Sun "Herald Sun")_. 26 April 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012. "This was the fourth known death linked to breatharianism and Jasmuheen's books since the practice emerged in the early 90s."
34. **[^](#cite_ref-contactmuziek_34-0)**["Contact & Muziek: Lichtvoeding"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170612223030/http://www.contactmuziek.nl/lichtvoeding.html). Archived from [the original](http://www.contactmuziek.nl/lichtvoeding.html) on 12 June 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
35. **[^](#cite_ref-NRC_35-0)**van der Veen, Casper (12 June 2017). ["OM onderzoekt sterfgeval in woongroep die voeding afzweert"](https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2017/06/12/om-onderzoekt-sterfgeval-in-woongroep-die-voeding-afzweert-a1562695). _NRC Handelsblad_. Amsterdam. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210422165119/https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2017/06/12/om-onderzoekt-sterfgeval-in-woongroep-die-voeding-afzweert-a1562695) from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
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37. **[^](#cite_ref-Quacks!:_Dodgy_Doctors_and_Foolish_Fads_Throughout_History_37-0)**Tucker, S.D. (2018). [_Quacks!: Dodgy Doctors and Foolish Fads Throughout History_](https://books.google.com/books?id=9q-IDwAAQBAJ&q=%22The%20Legend%20of%20Atlantis%3A%20Return%20of%20the%20Lightmasters%22&pg=PT476). Amberley Publishing Limited. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [9781445671826](/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781445671826 "Special:BookSources/9781445671826").
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39. **[^](#cite_ref-SeattleTimes_39-0)**Broom, Jack (5 October 1993). ["Living on Light, Air – 'Breatharian' Says Food Is Poison But Pops An Occasional Twinkie"](http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19931005&slug=1724507). _Seattle Times_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181311/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19931005&slug=1724507) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
40. ^ [_**a**_](#cite_ref-altinate_40-0) [_**b**_](#cite_ref-altinate_40-1)["Wiley Brooks website through Internet Archive"](https://web.archive.org/web/20060211031744/http://www.breatharian.com/WileyBrooks-altinate.htm). 11 February 2006. Archived from [the original](http://www.breatharian.com/WileyBrooks-altinate.htm) on 11 February 2006. Retrieved 30 July 2009.
41. **[^](#cite_ref-41)**Yewell, John (ed.). ["A Year of Nüz"](http://www.metroactive.com/papers/cruz/01.05.00/nuzjunkies-0001.html). _MetroActive News & Issues_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20001003042829/http://metroactive.com/papers/cruz/01.05.00/nuzjunkies-0001.html) from the original on 3 October 2000. Retrieved 7 June 2008.
42. **[^](#cite_ref-42)**["sonoma papers"](http://www.metroactive.com/papers/sonoma/02.13.03/diets-0307.html). Metroactive.com. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20030306103945/http://www.metroactive.com/papers/sonoma/02.13.03/diets-0307.html) from the original on 6 March 2003. Retrieved 30 July 2009.
43. **[^](#cite_ref-43)**["The Five Sacred Names"](https://www.breatharian.com/fivemagicnames/). _www.breatharian.com_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230731051446/https://www.breatharian.com/fivemagicnames/) from the original on 31 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
44. **[^](#cite_ref-44)**["Breatharian Institute of America"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140522195834/http://www.breatharian.com/5wordsqa.html). _www.breatharian.com_. Archived from [the original](http://www.breatharian.com/5wordsqa.html) on 22 May 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
45. **[^](#cite_ref-Initiation_workshops_45-0)**["Wiley Brooks website: Initiation workshops"](https://web.archive.org/web/20151107030359/http://www.breatharian.com/initiationworkshops.html). Breatharian.com. Archived from [the original](http://www.breatharian.com/initiationworkshops.html) on 7 November 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2009.
46. **[^](#cite_ref-Immortality_workshop_46-0)**["Immortality workshop"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062436/http://www.breatharian.com/immortalityworkshop.html). Archived from [the original](http://www.breatharian.com/immortalityworkshop.html) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2010
47. **[^](#cite_ref-Initiation_workshops_Internet_Archive_47-0)**["Initiation workshops from the Internet Archive"](https://web.archive.org/web/20080213070205/http://www.breatharian.com/initiationworkshops.html). 13 February 2008. Archived from [the original](http://www.breatharian.com/initiationworkshops.html) on 13 February 2008. Retrieved 30 July 2009.
48. **[^](#cite_ref-Fees_via_Internet_archive_48-0)**["Fees via Internet archive"](https://web.archive.org/web/20060718084609/http://www.breatharian.com/WileyBrooks-altinate.htm). Archived from [the original](http://www.breatharian.com/WileyBrooks-altinate.htm) on 18 July 2006. Retrieved 30 July 2009.
49. **[^](#cite_ref-Initiation_workshops_through_Internet_Archive_49-0)**["Initiation workshops through Internet Archive"](https://web.archive.org/web/20080213070205/http://www.breatharian.com/initiationworkshops.html). Archived from [the original](http://www.breatharian.com/initiationworkshops.html) on 13 February 2008.. Retrieved January 2008.
50. **[^](#cite_ref-50)**["Hira ratan manek: Hira Ratan Manek Who Lived on Water and Sunlight No More \| Ahmedabad News"](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/hira-ratan-manek-who-lived-on-water-and-sunlight-no-more/articleshow/90328855.cms). _[The Times of India](/wiki/The_Times_of_India "The Times of India")_. 20 March 2022. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231128034821/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/hira-ratan-manek-who-lived-on-water-and-sunlight-no-more/articleshow/90328855.cms) from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
51. **[^](#cite_ref-51)**["The man who consumed the sun is no more"](https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/article65219937.ece). _[The Hindu](/wiki/The_Hindu "The Hindu")_. 13 March 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
52. **[^](#cite_ref-52)**["Solar Healing Center"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160305070142/http://solarhealing.com/). Archived from [the original](http://solarhealing.com) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
53. **[^](#cite_ref-53)**Timoshik, Alexander (28 August 2006). ["Man lives for 11 years eating only sunlight"](http://english.pravda.ru/science/mysteries/28-08-2006/84110-sunlight-0/). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150224171023/http://english.pravda.ru/science/mysteries/28-08-2006/84110-sunlight-0/) from the original on 24 February 2015. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
54. **[^](#cite_ref-54)**Santhosh, K. (10 December 2005). ["Sharing their love for food, water, sunlight"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150903213334/http://www.thehindu.com/2005/12/10/stories/2005121011610400.htm). _[The Hindu](/wiki/The_Hindu "The Hindu")_. Archived from [the original](http://www.thehindu.com/2005/12/10/stories/2005121011610400.htm) on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
55. **[^](#cite_ref-55)**["Eat the Sun"](https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1424769/). _IMDb_. 11 May 2011. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150117052056/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1424769/) from the original on 17 January 2015. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
56. **[^](#cite_ref-56)**Storr, Will (6 May 2013). ["The man who lives without food"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130508202818/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/active/10032594/The-man-who-lives-without-food.html). Archived from [the original](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/active/10032594/The-man-who-lives-without-food.html) on 8 May 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
57. **[^](#cite_ref-panim.nana10.co.il_57-0)**["הפנים האמיתיות של משחקי הרעב – חלק א' \[The true face of The Hunger Games – Part I"](https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193411/http://panim.nana10.co.il/Article/?ArticleID=1012415). _Real Faces – Full Episodes_ (in Hebrew). Nana10 Ltd. 11 October 2013. Archived from [the original](http://panim.nana10.co.il/Article/?ArticleID=1012415)( [Flash](/wiki/Adobe_Flash "Adobe Flash") required) on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
58. **[^](#cite_ref-ReferenceA_58-0)**["הפנים האמיתיות של משחקי הרעב – חלק א' \[The true face of The Hunger Games – Part II"](https://web.archive.org/web/20131029194402/http://panim.nana10.co.il/Article/?ArticleID=1013939&sid=267). _Real Faces – Full Episodes_ (in Hebrew). Nana10 Ltd. 11 October 2013. Archived from [the original](http://panim.nana10.co.il/Article/?ArticleID=1013939&sid=267)( [Flash](/wiki/Adobe_Flash "Adobe Flash") required) on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
59. **[^](#cite_ref-glz.co.il_59-0)**["האדם שלא אכל ולא שתה במשך 8 ימים \[Man did not eat or drink for 8 days\]"](http://glz.co.il/1363-28288-HE/Galatz.aspx). _IDF Radio_ (in Hebrew). Israel Defense Forces. 20 October 2013. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20131029190624/http://glz.co.il/1363-28288-HE/Galatz.aspx) from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
60. **[^](#cite_ref-60)**Maspero, Henri (1981). [_Taoism and Chinese Religion_](https://archive.org/details/taoismchineserel00henr). Translated by Kierman Jr., Frank A. [University of Massachusetts Press](/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Press "University of Massachusetts Press"). [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [9780870233081](/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780870233081 "Special:BookSources/9780870233081").
61. **[^](#cite_ref-61)**["Jainism: Fasting"](https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/jainism/customs/fasting_1.shtml). _www.bbc.co.uk – BBC – Religions_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150707200636/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/jainism/customs/fasting_1.shtml) from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
62. **[^](#cite_ref-62)**Jain, Bhavika (1 November 2015). ["Jain monk completes 423 days of fasting"](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Jain-monk-completes-423-days-of-fasting/articleshow/49616061.cms). _The Times of India – Mumbai_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201108104823/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Jain-monk-completes-423-days-of-fasting/articleshow/49616061.cms) from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
63. **[^](#cite_ref-63)**Shukla, Ashutosh M. (22 February 2014). ["Jain Sadhu's 180-day fasting to be celebrated"](https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-jain-sadhu-s-180-day-fasting-to-be-celebrated-1964119). _DNA India_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190506212920/https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-jain-sadhu-s-180-day-fasting-to-be-celebrated-1964119) from the original on 6 May 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
64. **[^](#cite_ref-64)**["Bhavnagar woman fasts for 180 days, CM attends parna"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200926193018/https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/bhavnagar-woman-fasts-for-180-days-cm-attends-parna/articleshow/70967777.cms). _[Ahmedabad Mirror](/wiki/Ahmedabad_Mirror "Ahmedabad Mirror")_. 4 September 2019. Archived from [the original](https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/bhavnagar-woman-fasts-for-180-days-cm-attends-parna/articleshow/70967777.cms) on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
65. **[^](#cite_ref-65)**Shukla, Ashutosh M. (2 March 2014). ["Family pours Rs 21 crore on water used to break Jain muni's fast"](https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-family-pours-rs-21-crore-on-water-used-to-break-jain-muni-s-fast-1966099). _DNA India_. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202926/https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-family-pours-rs-21-crore-on-water-used-to-break-jain-muni-s-fast-1966099) from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.

## External links

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Inedia&action=edit&section=17 "Edit section: External links")\]

- [A list of historical and contemporary breatharians](http://home.iae.nl/users/lightnet/health/breatharianslinks.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210126114046/http://home.iae.nl/users/lightnet/health/breatharianslinks.htm) 26 January 2021 at the [Wayback Machine](/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine")
- [_Living on Light_](https://web.archive.org/web/20100531132144/http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8060648983626971848) at [Google Videos](/wiki/Google_Videos "Google Videos") – episode of _[60 Minutes](/wiki/60_Minutes_(Australian_TV_program) "60 Minutes (Australian TV program)")_ (Jasmuheen's aborted experiment)
- [Past Breatharian hoaxes in India](https://web.archive.org/web/20040304204021/http://rationalistinternational.net/article/20031201_en.htm)
- [Skeptic's Dictionary article on Breatharianism](http://skepdic.com/inedia.html)

- [v](/wiki/Template:Fad_diets "Template:Fad diets")
- [t](/wiki/Template_talk:Fad_diets "Template talk:Fad diets")
- [e](/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fad_diets "Special:EditPage/Template:Fad diets")

[Fad diets](/wiki/Fad_diet "Fad diet")

Food-specific diets

- [Alkaline diet](/wiki/Alkaline_diet "Alkaline diet")
- [Banana and skimmed milk diet](/wiki/Banana_and_skimmed_milk_diet "Banana and skimmed milk diet")
- [Cabbage soup diet](/wiki/Cabbage_soup_diet "Cabbage soup diet")
- [Carnivore diet](/wiki/Carnivore_diet "Carnivore diet")
- [Clean eating](/wiki/Clean_eating "Clean eating")
- [Cookie diet](/wiki/Cookie_diet "Cookie diet")
- [Egg and wine diet](/wiki/Egg_and_wine_diet "Egg and wine diet")
- [Food combining](/wiki/Food_combining "Food combining")
  - [Beverly Hills Diet](/wiki/Beverly_Hills_Diet "Beverly Hills Diet")
  - [Hay diet](/wiki/Hay_diet "Hay diet")
  - [Fit for Life](/wiki/Fit_for_Life "Fit for Life")
- [Fruitarianism](/wiki/Fruitarianism "Fruitarianism")
- [Gluten-free diet](/wiki/Gluten-free_diet "Gluten-free diet")
- [Grape diet](/wiki/Grape_therapy "Grape therapy")
- [Grapefruit diet](/wiki/Grapefruit_diet "Grapefruit diet")
- [High-protein diet](/wiki/High-protein_diet "High-protein diet")
- [Lamb chop and pineapple diet](/wiki/Lamb_chop_and_pineapple_diet "Lamb chop and pineapple diet")
- [Lectin-free diet](/wiki/Lectin-free_diet "Lectin-free diet")
- [Macrobiotic diet](/wiki/Macrobiotic_diet "Macrobiotic diet")
- [Milk diet](/wiki/Milk_diet "Milk diet")
- [Monotrophic diet](/wiki/Monotrophic_diet "Monotrophic diet")
- [Morning banana diet](/wiki/Morning_banana_diet "Morning banana diet")
- [Mucusless Diet](/wiki/Mucusless_Diet "Mucusless Diet")
- [Mushroom diet](/wiki/Mushroom_diet "Mushroom diet")
- [No-Aging Diet](/wiki/No-Aging_Diet "No-Aging Diet")
- [Paleolithic diet](/wiki/Paleolithic_diet "Paleolithic diet")
- [Pegan diet](/wiki/Pegan_diet "Pegan diet")
- [Potato diet](/wiki/Potato_diet "Potato diet")
- [Raw foodism](/wiki/Raw_foodism "Raw foodism")
  - [Raw veganism](/wiki/Raw_veganism "Raw veganism")
- [Rhubarb diet](/wiki/Rhubarb_diet "Rhubarb diet")
- [Superfood](/wiki/Superfood "Superfood")
- [Uric-acid free diet](/wiki/Uric-acid_free_diet "Uric-acid free diet")
- [Whole30](/wiki/Whole30 "Whole30")

[Low-carbohydrate](/wiki/Low-carbohydrate_diet "Low-carbohydrate diet") / high-fat diets

- [Atkins diet](/wiki/Atkins_diet "Atkins diet")
- [Banting diet](/wiki/Banting_diet "Banting diet")
- [Bulletproof diet](/wiki/Bulletproof_diet "Bulletproof diet")
- [Calories Don't Count](/wiki/Calories_Don%27t_Count "Calories Don't Count")
- [Drinking Man's Diet](/wiki/Drinking_Man%27s_Diet "Drinking Man's Diet")
- [Dukan Diet](/wiki/Dukan_Diet "Dukan Diet")
- [Eat and Grow Thin](/wiki/Eat_and_Grow_Thin "Eat and Grow Thin")
- [Hal Huggins diet](/wiki/Hal_Huggins_diet "Hal Huggins diet")
- [Hamptons Diet](/wiki/Hamptons_Diet "Hamptons Diet")
- [Kimkins](/wiki/Kimkins "Kimkins")
- [Kordel diet](/wiki/Kordel_diet "Kordel diet")
- [Montignac diet](/wiki/Montignac_diet "Montignac diet")
- [Salisbury diet](/wiki/Salisbury_diet "Salisbury diet")
- [Scarsdale diet](/wiki/Scarsdale_diet "Scarsdale diet")
- [Slimming for the Million](/wiki/Slimming_for_the_Million "Slimming for the Million")
- [South Beach Diet](/wiki/South_Beach_Diet "South Beach Diet")
- [Pioppi Diet](/wiki/Pioppi_Diet "Pioppi Diet")
- [Protein Power](/wiki/Protein_Power "Protein Power")
- [Rosedale diet](/wiki/Rosedale_diet "Rosedale diet")
- [Stillman diet](/wiki/Stillman_diet "Stillman diet")
- [Strong Medicine​](/wiki/Strong_Medicine_(book) "Strong Medicine (book)")
- [Sugar Busters!](/wiki/Sugar_Busters! "Sugar Busters!")
- [The 4-Hour Body](/wiki/The_4-Hour_Body "The 4-Hour Body")
- [The Cruise Control Diet](/wiki/The_Cruise_Control_Diet "The Cruise Control Diet")
- [Wahls Protocol Diet](/wiki/Wahls_Protocol_Diet "Wahls Protocol Diet")
- [Wheat Belly diet](/wiki/Wheat_Belly_diet "Wheat Belly diet")
- [Zone diet](/wiki/Zone_diet "Zone diet")

High-carbohydrate / [low-fat diets](/wiki/Low-fat_diet "Low-fat diet")

- [Engine 2 Diet](/wiki/Engine_2_Diet "Engine 2 Diet")
- [F-plan](/wiki/F-plan "F-plan")
- [McDougall diet](/wiki/McDougall_diet "McDougall diet")
- [Ornish diet](/wiki/Ornish_diet "Ornish diet")
- [Nutritarian diet](/wiki/Nutritarian_diet "Nutritarian diet")
- [Pritikin diet](/wiki/Pritikin_diet "Pritikin diet")
- [Rice diet](/wiki/Rice_diet "Rice diet")
- [Seed oil misinformation](/wiki/Seed_oil_misinformation "Seed oil misinformation")
- [The Good Carbohydrate Revolution](/wiki/The_Good_Carbohydrate_Revolution "The Good Carbohydrate Revolution")
- [The Thrive Diet](/wiki/The_Thrive_Diet "The Thrive Diet")

[Detoxification](/wiki/Detoxification_(alternative_medicine) "Detoxification (alternative medicine)") / [fasting](/wiki/Fasting "Fasting")

- [5:2 diet](/wiki/5:2_diet "5:2 diet")
- [Activated charcoal cleanse](/wiki/Activated_charcoal_cleanse "Activated charcoal cleanse")
- [Breatharianism](/wiki/Breatharianism "Breatharianism")
- [Breuss diet](/wiki/Breuss_diet "Breuss diet")
- [Celery juice diet](/wiki/Celery_juice_diet "Celery juice diet")
- [Chase Dietary Method](/wiki/Chase_Dietary_Method "Chase Dietary Method")
- [Detox diet](/wiki/Detox_diet "Detox diet")
- [Dubrow Diet](/wiki/Dubrow_Diet "Dubrow Diet")
- [Eliminating Diet](/wiki/Eliminating_Diet "Eliminating Diet")
- [Enzyme-Catalyst Diet](/wiki/Enzyme-Catalyst_Diet "Enzyme-Catalyst Diet")
- [Fasting mimicking diet](/wiki/Fasting_mimicking_diet "Fasting mimicking diet")
- [Fat Flush Plan](/wiki/Fat_Flush_Plan "Fat Flush Plan")
- [Hippocrates Diet](/wiki/Hippocrates_Diet "Hippocrates Diet")
- [Intermittent fasting](/wiki/Intermittent_fasting "Intermittent fasting")
- [Time-restricted feeding](/wiki/Time-restricted_feeding "Time-restricted feeding")
- [Juice fasting](/wiki/Juice_fasting "Juice fasting")
- [KE diet](/wiki/KE_diet "KE diet")
- [Master Cleanse](/wiki/Master_Cleanse "Master Cleanse")
- [No Breakfast Plan](/wiki/No_Breakfast_Plan "No Breakfast Plan")
- [Orthopathy](/wiki/Orthopathy "Orthopathy")
- [Protein-sparing modified fast](/wiki/Protein-sparing_modified_fast "Protein-sparing modified fast")
- [The Fast Way To Health](/wiki/The_Fast_Way_To_Health "The Fast Way To Health")
- [The Last Chance Diet](/wiki/The_Last_Chance_Diet "The Last Chance Diet")
- [Wheatgrass diet](/wiki/Wheatgrass_diet "Wheatgrass diet")
- [Wigmore diet](/wiki/Wigmore_diet "Wigmore diet")

Other

- [Blood type diet](/wiki/Blood_type_diet "Blood type diet")
- [Budwig diet](/wiki/Budwig_diet "Budwig diet")
- [Cotton ball diet](/wiki/Cotton_ball_diet "Cotton ball diet")
- [Fletcherism](/wiki/Fletcherism "Fletcherism")
- [Hallelujah Diet](/wiki/Hallelujah_Diet "Hallelujah Diet")
- [Hip and Thigh Diet](/wiki/Hip_and_Thigh_Diet "Hip and Thigh Diet")
- [Immune Power Diet](/wiki/Immune_Power_Diet "Immune Power Diet")
- [Maker's Diet](/wiki/Maker%27s_Diet "Maker's Diet")
- [Seed cycling](/wiki/Seed_cycling "Seed cycling")
- [Sensa diet](/wiki/Sensa_(diet) "Sensa (diet)")
- [Swank diet](/wiki/Swank_diet "Swank diet")
- [Tongue Patch Diet](/wiki/Tongue_Patch_Diet "Tongue Patch Diet")
- [The Cambridge Diet](/wiki/The_Cambridge_Diet "The Cambridge Diet")
- [Very-low-calorie diet](/wiki/Very-low-calorie_diet "Very-low-calorie diet")
- [Werewolf diet](/wiki/Werewolf_diet "Werewolf diet")

Related

- [List of fad diets](/wiki/List_of_fad_diets "List of fad diets")
- [List of food faddists](/wiki/List_of_food_faddists "List of food faddists")
- [Pseudoscience](/wiki/Pseudoscience "Pseudoscience")
- [Quackery](/wiki/Quackery "Quackery")

- **![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png)[Category](/wiki/Category:Fad_diets "Category:Fad diets")**
- ![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png)[Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fad_diets "commons:Category:Fad diets")

- [v](/wiki/Template:Pseudoscience "Template:Pseudoscience")
- [t](/wiki/Template_talk:Pseudoscience "Template talk:Pseudoscience")
- [e](/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pseudoscience "Special:EditPage/Template:Pseudoscience")

[Pseudoscience](/wiki/Pseudoscience "Pseudoscience")

[List of topics characterized as pseudoscience](/wiki/List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience "List of topics characterized as pseudoscience")

Terminology

- [Cargo cult science](/wiki/Cargo_cult_science "Cargo cult science")
- [Charlatan](/wiki/Charlatan "Charlatan")
- [Crank](/wiki/Crank_(person) "Crank (person)")
- [Fringe theory](/wiki/Fringe_theory "Fringe theory")
  - [Fringe science](/wiki/Fringe_science "Fringe science")
  - [Pseudoarchaeology](/wiki/Pseudoarchaeology "Pseudoarchaeology")
  - [Pseudohistory](/wiki/Pseudohistory "Pseudohistory")
  - [Pseudomathematics](/wiki/Pseudomathematics "Pseudomathematics")
- [Junk science](/wiki/Junk_science "Junk science")
- [Paranormal](/wiki/Paranormal "Paranormal")
- [Pathological science](/wiki/Pathological_science "Pathological science")
- [Quackery](/wiki/Quackery "Quackery")
- [Snake oil](/wiki/Snake_oil "Snake oil")
- [Superseded scientific theory](/wiki/Superseded_theories_in_science "Superseded theories in science")
- [True-believer syndrome](/wiki/True-believer_syndrome "True-believer syndrome")
- _[Voodoo Science](/wiki/Voodoo_Science "Voodoo Science")_

[Topics \
\
characterized as \
\
pseudoscience](/wiki/List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience "List of topics characterized as pseudoscience")

Medicine

- [Acupuncture](/wiki/Acupuncture "Acupuncture")
- [Aromatherapy](/wiki/Aromatherapy "Aromatherapy")
- [Adrenal fatigue](/wiki/Adrenal_fatigue "Adrenal fatigue")
- [Alternative medicine](/wiki/Alternative_medicine "Alternative medicine")
- [Anthroposophic medicine](/wiki/Anthroposophic_medicine "Anthroposophic medicine")
- [Applied kinesiology](/wiki/Applied_kinesiology "Applied kinesiology")
- [Ayurveda](/wiki/Ayurveda "Ayurveda")
- [Bates method](/wiki/Bates_method "Bates method")
- [Biorhythms](/wiki/Biorhythm_(pseudoscience) "Biorhythm (pseudoscience)")
- [Bloodletting](/wiki/Bloodletting "Bloodletting")
- [Body memory](/wiki/Body_memory "Body memory")
- [Chiropractic](/wiki/Chiropractic "Chiropractic")
- [Chromotherapy](/wiki/Chromotherapy "Chromotherapy")
- [Correactology](/wiki/Correactology "Correactology")
- [Cryonics](/wiki/Cryonics "Cryonics")
- [Crystal healing](/wiki/Crystal_healing "Crystal healing")
- [Cupping](/wiki/Cupping_therapy "Cupping therapy")
- [Detoxification](/wiki/Detoxification_(alternative_medicine) "Detoxification (alternative medicine)")
  - [Colon cleansing](/wiki/Colon_cleansing "Colon cleansing")
- [Doctrine of signatures](/wiki/Doctrine_of_signatures "Doctrine of signatures")
- [Doktor Koster's Antigaspills](/wiki/Doktor_Koster%27s_Antigaspills "Doktor Koster's Antigaspills")
- [Ear candling](/wiki/Ear_candling "Ear candling")
- [Electromagnetic hypersensitivity](/wiki/Electromagnetic_hypersensitivity "Electromagnetic hypersensitivity")
- [Energy medicine](/wiki/Energy_medicine "Energy medicine")
- [Fad diet](/wiki/Fad_diet "Fad diet")
- [FasciaBlaster](/wiki/FasciaBlaster "FasciaBlaster")
- [Germ theory denialism](/wiki/Germ_theory_denialism "Germ theory denialism")
- [HIV/AIDS denialism](/wiki/HIV/AIDS_denialism "HIV/AIDS denialism")
- [Homeopathy](/wiki/Homeopathy "Homeopathy")
- [Humorism](/wiki/Humorism "Humorism")
- [Iridology](/wiki/Iridology "Iridology")
- [Leaky gut syndrome](/wiki/Leaky_gut_syndrome "Leaky gut syndrome")
- [Lunar effect](/wiki/Lunar_effect "Lunar effect")
- [Macrobiotic diet](/wiki/Macrobiotic_diet "Macrobiotic diet")
- [Magnet therapy](/wiki/Magnet_therapy "Magnet therapy")
- [Miracle Mineral Supplement](/wiki/Miracle_Mineral_Supplement "Miracle Mineral Supplement")
- [Naturopathy](/wiki/Naturopathy "Naturopathy")
- [Palmistry](/wiki/Palmistry "Palmistry")
- [Panchagavya](/wiki/Panchagavya "Panchagavya")
- [Patent medicine](/wiki/Patent_medicine "Patent medicine")
- [Phrenology](/wiki/Phrenology "Phrenology")
- [Primal therapy](/wiki/Primal_therapy "Primal therapy")
- [Radionics](/wiki/Radionics "Radionics")
- [Reiki](/wiki/Reiki "Reiki")
- [Traditional medicine](/wiki/Traditional_medicine "Traditional medicine")
  - [Traditional Chinese medicine](/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine "Traditional Chinese medicine")
- [Trepanning](/wiki/Trepanning "Trepanning")
- [Vertebral subluxation](/wiki/Vertebral_subluxation "Vertebral subluxation")
- [Wind turbine syndrome](/wiki/Wind_turbine_syndrome "Wind turbine syndrome")
- [Young blood transfusion](/wiki/Young_blood_transfusion "Young blood transfusion")

Social science

- [2012 phenomenon](/wiki/2012_phenomenon "2012 phenomenon")
- [Ancient astronauts](/wiki/Ancient_astronauts "Ancient astronauts")
- [Arabian Judah theory](/wiki/Kamal_Salibi#Arabian_Judah_theory "Kamal Salibi")
- [Catastrophism](/wiki/Catastrophism "Catastrophism")
- [Conspiracy theory](/wiki/Conspiracy_theory "Conspiracy theory")
  - [5G conspiracy](/wiki/5G#Misinformation_and_controversy "5G")
  - [9/11 conspiracy theories](/wiki/9/11_conspiracy_theories "9/11 conspiracy theories")
  - [Chemtrail conspiracy theory](/wiki/Chemtrail_conspiracy_theory "Chemtrail conspiracy theory")
  - [Climate change denial](/wiki/Climate_change_denial "Climate change denial")
  - [COVID-19 misinformation](/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation "COVID-19 misinformation")
  - [Moon landing conspiracy theories](/wiki/Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories "Moon landing conspiracy theories")
- [Conversion therapy](/wiki/Conversion_therapy "Conversion therapy")
- [Generational theory](/wiki/Generation#Generational_theory "Generation")
  - [Generationism](/wiki/Generationism "Generationism")
  - [Strauss–Howe generational theory](/wiki/Strauss%E2%80%93Howe_generational_theory "Strauss–Howe generational theory")
- [Hollow Earth theory](/wiki/Hollow_Earth "Hollow Earth")
- [Indigo children](/wiki/Indigo_children "Indigo children")
- [Japhetic theory](/wiki/Japhetic_theory "Japhetic theory")
- [Mediumship](/wiki/Mediumship "Mediumship")
- [Nazi archaeology](/wiki/Nazi_archaeology "Nazi archaeology")
- [Nibiru cataclysm](/wiki/Nibiru_cataclysm "Nibiru cataclysm")
- [Parapsychology](/wiki/Parapsychology "Parapsychology")
- [Pseudoarchaeology](/wiki/Pseudoarchaeology "Pseudoarchaeology")
- [Pseudohistory](/wiki/Pseudohistory "Pseudohistory")
  - [Genocide denial](/wiki/Genocide_denial "Genocide denial")
  - [Historical negationism](/wiki/Historical_negationism "Historical negationism")
  - [Holocaust denial](/wiki/Holocaust_denial "Holocaust denial")
- [Pseudolaw](/wiki/Pseudolaw "Pseudolaw")
- [Recovered-memory therapy](/wiki/Recovered-memory_therapy "Recovered-memory therapy")
  - [Past life regression](/wiki/Past_life_regression "Past life regression")
- [Scientific racism](/wiki/Scientific_racism "Scientific racism")
  - [Aryan race](/wiki/Aryan_race "Aryan race")
  - [Melanin theory](/wiki/Melanin_theory "Melanin theory")
- [Myers–Briggs Type Indicator](/wiki/Myers%E2%80%93Briggs_Type_Indicator "Myers–Briggs Type Indicator")
- [Enneagram of Personality](/wiki/Enneagram_of_Personality "Enneagram of Personality")

Physics

- [Anti-gravity‎](/wiki/Anti-gravity "Anti-gravity")
- [Cold fusion‎](/wiki/Cold_fusion "Cold fusion")
- [Faster-than-light travel](/wiki/Faster-than-light "Faster-than-light") ‎
- [Perpetual motion](/wiki/Perpetual_motion "Perpetual motion") ‎
- [Quantum mysticism](/wiki/Quantum_mysticism "Quantum mysticism")
- [Reactionless drive](/wiki/Reactionless_drive "Reactionless drive")
  - [Dean drive](/wiki/Dean_drive "Dean drive")
  - [EMDrive](/wiki/EmDrive "EmDrive")
- [Teleportation‎](/wiki/Teleportation "Teleportation")
- [Tractor beam](/wiki/Tractor_beam "Tractor beam")
- [Water-fueled car](/wiki/Water-fueled_car "Water-fueled car")

Other

- [Alchemy](/wiki/Alchemy "Alchemy")
- [Aquatic ape hypothesis](/wiki/Aquatic_ape_hypothesis "Aquatic ape hypothesis")
- [Astrology](/wiki/Astrology "Astrology")
- [Biodynamic agriculture](/wiki/Biodynamic_agriculture "Biodynamic agriculture")
- [Biological transmutation](/wiki/Biological_transmutation "Biological transmutation")
- [Creation science](/wiki/Creation_science "Creation science")
- [Cryptozoology](/wiki/Cryptozoology "Cryptozoology")
- [Dianetics](/wiki/Dianetics "Dianetics")
  - [Auditing](/wiki/Auditing_(Scientology) "Auditing (Scientology)")
- [Dowsing](/wiki/Dowsing "Dowsing")
- [Electronic voice phenomenon](/wiki/Electronic_voice_phenomenon "Electronic voice phenomenon")
- [Eugenics](/wiki/Eugenics "Eugenics")
- [Facilitated communication](/wiki/Facilitated_communication "Facilitated communication")
- [Feng shui](/wiki/Feng_shui "Feng shui")
- [Flat Earth theory](/wiki/Flat_Earth "Flat Earth")
- [Graphology](/wiki/Graphology "Graphology")
- [Intelligent design](/wiki/Intelligent_design "Intelligent design")
- [Laundry ball](/wiki/Laundry_ball "Laundry ball")
- [Law of attraction](/wiki/Law_of_attraction_(New_Thought) "Law of attraction (New Thought)")
- [Levitation](/wiki/Levitation_(paranormal) "Levitation (paranormal)")
- [Lysenkoism](/wiki/Lysenkoism "Lysenkoism")
- [Numerology](/wiki/Numerology "Numerology")
- [Orgone](/wiki/Orgone "Orgone")
- [Polygraph](/wiki/Polygraph "Polygraph")
- [Pseudoscientific metrology](/wiki/Pseudoscientific_metrology "Pseudoscientific metrology")
- [Rapid prompting method](/wiki/Rapid_prompting_method "Rapid prompting method")
- [Statement analysis](/wiki/Statement_analysis "Statement analysis")
- [Ufology](/wiki/Ufology "Ufology")
- [Voice stress analysis](/wiki/Voice_stress_analysis "Voice stress analysis")
- [Water memory](/wiki/Water_memory "Water memory")

Promoters of

pseudoscience

- [Sucharit Bhakdi](/wiki/Sucharit_Bhakdi "Sucharit Bhakdi")
- [Del Bigtree](/wiki/Del_Bigtree "Del Bigtree")
- [Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff](/wiki/Igor_and_Grichka_Bogdanoff "Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff")
- [Brigitte Boisselier](/wiki/Brigitte_Boisselier "Brigitte Boisselier")
- [Rhonda Byrne](/wiki/Rhonda_Byrne "Rhonda Byrne")
- [Robert Charroux](/wiki/Robert_Charroux "Robert Charroux")
- [Deepak Chopra](/wiki/Deepak_Chopra "Deepak Chopra")
- [Clonaid](/wiki/Clonaid "Clonaid")
- [Vernon Coleman](/wiki/Vernon_Coleman "Vernon Coleman")
- [Ignatius L. Donnelly](/wiki/Ignatius_L._Donnelly "Ignatius L. Donnelly")
- [Gaia, Inc.](/wiki/Gaia,_Inc. "Gaia, Inc.")
- [Max Gerson](/wiki/Max_Gerson "Max Gerson")
- [Nicholas Gonzalez](/wiki/Nicholas_Gonzalez_(physician) "Nicholas Gonzalez (physician)")
- [Goop (company)](/wiki/Goop_(company) "Goop (company)")
- [Graham Hancock](/wiki/Graham_Hancock "Graham Hancock")
- [David Icke](/wiki/David_Icke "David Icke")
- [William Donald Kelley](/wiki/William_Donald_Kelley "William Donald Kelley")
- [Robert F. Kennedy Jr](/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr "Robert F. Kennedy Jr")
- [Corentin Louis Kervran](/wiki/Corentin_Louis_Kervran "Corentin Louis Kervran")
- [The Light (newspaper)](/wiki/The_Light_(newspaper) "The Light (newspaper)")
- [Mike Lindell](/wiki/Mike_Lindell "Mike Lindell")
- [Jenny McCarthy](/wiki/Jenny_McCarthy "Jenny McCarthy")
- [Joseph Mercola](/wiki/Joseph_Mercola "Joseph Mercola")
- [Ministry of Ayush](/wiki/Ministry_of_Ayush "Ministry of Ayush")
- [Theodor Morell](/wiki/Theodor_Morell "Theodor Morell")
- [Hans Alfred Nieper](/wiki/Hans_Alfred_Nieper "Hans Alfred Nieper")
- [Mehmet Oz](/wiki/Mehmet_Oz "Mehmet Oz")
- [Raël](/wiki/Ra%C3%ABl "Raël") ( [Claude Vorilhon](/wiki/Claude_Vorilhon "Claude Vorilhon"))
- [Randolph Stone](/wiki/Randolph_Stone "Randolph Stone")
- [Paul Joseph Watson](/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson "Paul Joseph Watson")
- [Andrew Wakefield](/wiki/Andrew_Wakefield "Andrew Wakefield")

Related topics

- [Bogdanov affair](/wiki/Bogdanov_affair "Bogdanov affair")
- [Bourgeois pseudoscience](/wiki/Bourgeois_pseudoscience "Bourgeois pseudoscience")
- [Demarcation problem](/wiki/Demarcation_problem "Demarcation problem")
- [Scientific method](/wiki/Scientific_method "Scientific method")
- [Suppressed research in the Soviet Union](/wiki/Suppressed_research_in_the_Soviet_Union "Suppressed research in the Soviet Union")

Resources

- [Committee for Skeptical Inquiry](/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry "Committee for Skeptical Inquiry")
- _[Cults of Unreason](/wiki/Cults_of_Unreason "Cults of Unreason")_
- _[An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural](/wiki/An_Encyclopedia_of_Claims,_Frauds,_and_Hoaxes_of_the_Occult_and_Supernatural "An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural")_
- _[Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science](/wiki/Fads_and_Fallacies_in_the_Name_of_Science "Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science")_
- _[Fortean Times](/wiki/Fortean_Times "Fortean Times")_
- [James Randi Educational Foundation](/wiki/James_Randi_Educational_Foundation "James Randi Educational Foundation")
- [Quackwatch](/wiki/Quackwatch "Quackwatch")
- _[Skeptical Inquirer](/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer "Skeptical Inquirer")_
- _[The Demon-Haunted World](/wiki/The_Demon-Haunted_World "The Demon-Haunted World")_
- _[The Natural History of Quackery](/wiki/The_Natural_History_of_Quackery "The Natural History of Quackery")_
- _[The Psychology of the Occult](/wiki/The_Psychology_of_the_Occult "The Psychology of the Occult")_
- _[The Ragged Edge of Science](/wiki/The_Ragged_Edge_of_Science "The Ragged Edge of Science")_
- _[The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience](/wiki/The_Skeptic_Encyclopedia_of_Pseudoscience "The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience")_
- _[The Skeptic's Dictionary](/wiki/The_Skeptic%27s_Dictionary "The Skeptic's Dictionary")_

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