पॉप म्यूजिक ट्रेंड्स
Pop music - Wikipedia
Identifying factors of pop music usually include repeated choruses and hooks, short to medium-length songs written in a basic format (often the verse–chorus ...
chorus
The main medium of pop music is the song, often between two and a half and three and a half minutes in length, generally marked by a consistent and noticeable rhythmic element, a mainstream style and a simple traditional structure "Song structure (popular music)").[26] The structure of many popular songs is that of a verse and a chorus, the chorus serving as the portion of the track that is designed to stick in the ear through simple repetition both musically and lyrically. The chorus is often where the music builds towards and is often preceded by "the drop" where the bass and drum parts "drop out".[27] Common variants include the verse-chorus form and the thirty-two-bar form, with a focus on melodies and catchy hooks "Hook (music)"), and a <anchor>chorus</anchor> that contrasts melodically, rhythmically and harmonically with the verse "Verse (music)").[28] The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment.[29] The lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions.[4]
Refrain - Wikipedia
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## Contents

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- (Top)

- [1Usage in history](#Usage_in_history)
- [2In popular music](#In_popular_music)
- [3In jazz](#In_jazz)Toggle In jazz subsection  - [3.1Arranger's chorus](#Arranger's_chorus)
  - [3.2Shout chorus](#Shout_chorus)
- [4See also](#See_also)
- [5References](#References)

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# Refrain

53 languages

- [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A9_(%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%89) "لازمة (موسيقى) – Arabic")
- [Aragonés](https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrebiello "Estrebiello – Aragonese")
- [Azərbaycanca](https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C9%99q%C9%99rat "Nəqərat – Azerbaijani")
- [Беларуская](https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD "Рэфрэн – Belarusian")
- [Беларуская (тарашкевіца)](https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD "Рэфрэн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)")
- [Català](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornada "Tornada – Catalan")
- [Čeština](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refr%C3%A9n "Refrén – Czech")
- [Dansk](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omkv%C3%A6d "Omkvæd – Danish")
- [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrain "Refrain – German")
- [Eesti](https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refr%C3%A4%C3%A4n "Refrään – Estonian")
- [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estribillo "Estribillo – Spanish")
- [Esperanto](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refreno "Refreno – Esperanto")
- [Euskara](https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lelo "Lelo – Basque")
- [فارسی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86 "بند برگردان – Persian")
- [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrain "Refrain – French")
- [Frysk](https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrein_(werhelling) "Refrein (werhelling) – Western Frisian")
- [Galego](https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refr%C3%A1n "Refrán – Galician")
- [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EB%A0%B4 "후렴 – Korean")
- [Հայերեն](https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3 "Կրկներգ – Armenian")
- [Hrvatski](https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pripjev "Pripjev – Croatian")
- [Ido](https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refreno "Refreno – Ido")
- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrein "Refrein – Indonesian")
- [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritornello "Ritornello – Italian")
- [עברית](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9F "רפרן – Hebrew")
- [ქართული](https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98 "რეფრენი – Georgian")
- [Қазақша](https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0 "Қайырма – Kazakh")
- [Kiswahili](https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibwagizo "Kibwagizo – Swahili")
- [Кыргызча](https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0 "Кайырма – Kyrgyz")
- [Latina](https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versus_intercalaris "Versus intercalaris – Latin")
- [Lëtzebuergesch](https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrain "Refrain – Luxembourgish")
- [Lietuvių](https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priedainis "Priedainis – Lithuanian")
- [Magyar](https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refr%C3%A9n "Refrén – Hungarian")
- [Македонски](https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD "Рефрен – Macedonian")
- [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrein_(stijlmiddel) "Refrein (stijlmiddel) – Dutch")
- [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F "リフレイン形式 – Japanese")
- [Norsk bokmål](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refreng "Refreng – Norwegian Bokmål")
- [Norsk nynorsk](https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omkved "Omkved – Norwegian Nynorsk")
- [Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча](https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqarot "Naqarot – Uzbek")
- [Polski](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refren "Refren – Polish")
- [Português](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refr%C3%A3o "Refrão – Portuguese")
- [Română](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refren "Refren – Romanian")
- [Русиньскый](https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD "Рефрен – Rusyn")
- [Русский](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD "Рефрен – Russian")
- [Simple English](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrain "Refrain – Simple English")
- [سنڌي](https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3 "ڪورس – Sindhi")
- [Slovenčina](https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refr%C3%A9n "Refrén – Slovak")
- [Српски / srpski](https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refren "Refren – Serbian")
- [Suomi](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kertos%C3%A4e "Kertosäe – Finnish")
- [Svenska](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refr%C3%A4ng "Refräng – Swedish")
- [Türkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakarat "Nakarat – Turkish")
- [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B2 "Приспів – Ukrainian")
- [Walon](https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resploe "Resploe – Walloon")
- [中文](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E6%AD%8C "副歌 – Chinese")

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Repeated lines in music or poetry

"Chorus (song)" redirects here. For other uses in music, see [Chorus (disambiguation)](/wiki/Chorus_(disambiguation) "Chorus (disambiguation)").

For other uses, see [Refrain (disambiguation)](/wiki/Refrain_(disambiguation) "Refrain (disambiguation)").

[![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Jingle_Bells_refrain_vector.svg/220px-Jingle_Bells_refrain_vector.svg.png)](/wiki/File:Jingle_Bells_refrain_vector.svg) [Musical notation](/wiki/Musical_notation "Musical notation") for the chorus of "Jingle Bells" [Play](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/Jingle_Bells_refrain_vector.mid/Jingle_Bells_refrain_vector.mid.mp3 "Play audio")[ⓘ](/wiki/File:Jingle_Bells_refrain_vector.mid "File:Jingle Bells refrain vector.mid")

A **refrain** (from [Vulgar Latin](/wiki/Vulgar_Latin "Vulgar Latin") _refringere_, "to repeat", and later from [Old French](/wiki/Old_French "Old French") _refraindre_) is the [line](/wiki/Line_(poetry) "Line (poetry)") or lines that are repeated in [music](/wiki/Music "Music") or in [poetry](/wiki/Poetry "Poetry") — the " **chorus**" of a [song](/wiki/Song "Song"). [Poetic](/wiki/Poetry "Poetry") fixed forms that feature refrains include the [villanelle](/wiki/Villanelle "Villanelle"), the [virelay](/wiki/Virelay "Virelay"), and the [sestina](/wiki/Sestina "Sestina").

In popular music, the refrain or chorus may contrast with the [verse](/wiki/Verse_(popular_music) "Verse (popular music)") [melodically](/wiki/Melodically "Melodically"), [rhythmically](/wiki/Rhythmically "Rhythmically"), and [harmonically](/wiki/Harmonically "Harmonically"); it may assume a higher level of [dynamics](/wiki/Dynamics_(music) "Dynamics (music)") and activity, often with added instrumentation. Chorus form, or [strophic form](/wiki/Strophic_form "Strophic form"), is a sectional and/or additive way of structuring a piece of music based on the [repetition](/wiki/Repetition_(rhetorical_device) "Repetition (rhetorical device)") of one formal section or block played repeatedly.

## Usage in history

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Refrain&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: Usage in history")\]

Although repeats of refrains may use different words, refrains are made recognizable by reusing the same [melody](/wiki/Melody "Melody") (when sung as music) and by preserving any [rhymes](/wiki/Rhyme "Rhyme"). For example, " [The Star-Spangled Banner](/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner "The Star-Spangled Banner")" contains a refrain which is introduced by a different phrase in each verse, but which always ends:

_O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave._

A similar refrain is found in the " [Battle Hymn of the Republic](/wiki/Battle_Hymn_of_the_Republic "Battle Hymn of the Republic")", which affirms in successive verses that "Our God", or "His Truth", is "marching on."

Refrains usually, but not always, come at the end of the verse. Some songs, especially [ballads](/wiki/Ballad "Ballad"), incorporate refrains (or _burdens_) into each verse. For example, one version of the traditional ballad " [The Cruel Sister](/wiki/The_Twa_Sisters "The Twa Sisters")" includes a refrain mid-verse:

There lived a lady by the North Sea shore,
_Lay the bent to the bonny broom_Two daughters were the babes she bore.
_[Fa la la la la la la la la](/wiki/Deck_the_Halls "Deck the Halls")._As one grew bright as is the sun,
_Lay the bent to the bonny broom_So coal black grew the other one.
_Fa la la la la la la la._. . .

(Note: the refrain of 'Lay the Bent to the Bonny Broom' is not traditionally associated with the ballad of "The Cruel Sister" ( [Child](/wiki/Child_Ballads "Child Ballads") #10). This was the work of 'pop-folk' group [Pentangle](/wiki/Pentangle_(band) "Pentangle (band)") on their 1970 LP _[Cruel Sister](/wiki/Cruel_Sister_(Pentangle_album) "Cruel Sister (Pentangle album)")_ which has subsequently been picked up by many folk singers as being traditional. Both the melody and the refrain come from the ballad known as " [Riddles Wisely Expounded](/wiki/Riddles_Wisely_Expounded "Riddles Wisely Expounded")" (Child #1).\[ _[citation needed](/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\])

Here, the refrain is [syntactically](/wiki/Syntax "Syntax") independent of the [narrative poem](/wiki/Narrative_poem "Narrative poem") in the song, and has no obvious relationship to its subject, and indeed little inherent meaning at all. The device can also convey material which relates to the subject of the poem. Such a refrain is found in [Dante Gabriel Rossetti](/wiki/Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti "Dante Gabriel Rossetti")'s "Troy Town":[\[1\]](#cite_note-1)

Heavenborn Helen, Sparta's queen,
_O Troy Town!_Had two breasts of heavenly sheen,The sun and moon of the heart's desire:All Love's lordship lay between,A sheen on the breasts I Love.
_O Troy's down,__Tall Troy's on fire!_. . .

Phrases of apparent [nonsense](/wiki/Nonsense "Nonsense") in refrains ( _Lay the bent to the bonny broom?_), and [syllables](/wiki/Syllable "Syllable") such as _fa la la_, familiar from the [Christmas carol](/wiki/Christmas_carol "Christmas carol") " [Deck the Halls](/wiki/Deck_the_Halls "Deck the Halls") with Boughs of Holly", have given rise to much speculation. Some\[ _[who?](/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch")_\] believe that the traditional refrain _Hob a derry down O_ encountered in some [English](/wiki/England "England") [folksongs](/wiki/Folksong "Folksong") is in fact an ancient [Celtic](/wiki/Celtic_languages "Celtic languages") phrase meaning "dance around the oak tree." These suggestions remain controversial.\[ _[citation needed](/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

## In popular music

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Refrain&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: In popular music")\]

There are two distinct uses of the word "chorus". In the [thirty-two bar song form](/wiki/Thirty-two-bar_form "Thirty-two-bar form") that was most common in the earlier twentieth-century popular music (especially the [Tin Pan Alley](/wiki/Tin_Pan_Alley "Tin Pan Alley") tradition), "chorus" referred to the entire main section of the song (which was in a thirty-two bar AABA form). Beginning in the rock music of the 1950s, another form became more common in commercial pop music, which was based in an open-ended cycle of verses instead of a fixed 32-bar form. In this form (which is more common than thirty-two bar form in later-twentieth century pop music), "choruses" with fixed lyrics are alternated with "verses" in which the lyrics are different with each repetition. In this use of the word, chorus contrasts with the verse, which usually has a sense of leading up to the chorus. "Many popular songs, particularly from early in this century, are in a verse and a chorus ( _refrain_) form. Most popular songs from the middle of the century consist only of a chorus."[\[2\]](#cite_note-2)

While the terms 'refrain' and 'chorus' often are used synonymously, it has been suggested to use 'refrain' exclusively for a recurring line of identical text and melody which is part of a formal section—an A section in an AABA form (as in " [I Got Rhythm](/wiki/I_Got_Rhythm "I Got Rhythm")": "...who could ask for anything more?") or a verse (as in " [Blowin' in the Wind](/wiki/Blowin%27_in_the_Wind "Blowin' in the Wind")": "...the answer my friend is blowing in the wind")—whereas 'chorus' shall refer to a discrete form part (as in " [Yellow Submarine](/wiki/Yellow_Submarine_(song) "Yellow Submarine (song)")": "We all live in a..."). According to the [musicologists](/wiki/Musicologist "Musicologist") Ralf von Appen and Markus Frei-Hauenschild,

> In German, the term, "Refrain," is used synonymously with "chorus" when referring to a chorus within the verse/chorus form. At least one English-language author, Richard Middleton, uses the term in the same way.
> In English usage, however, the term, »refrain« typically refers to what in German is more precisely called the »Refrainzeile« (refrain line): a lyric at the beginning or end of a section that is repeated in every iteration. In this usage, the refrain does not constitute a discrete, independent section within the form. [\[3\]](#cite_note-3)

## In jazz

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Refrain&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: In jazz")\]

Many Tin-Pan Alley songs using thirty-two bar form are central to the traditional [jazz](/wiki/Jazz "Jazz") repertoire. In jazz arrangements the word "chorus" refers to the same unit of music as in the Tin Pan Alley tradition, but unlike the Tin Pan Alley tradition a single song can have more than one chorus. Von Appen and Frei-Hauenschild explain, "The term, 'chorus' can also refer to a single iteration of the entire 32 bars of the AABA form, especially among jazz musicians, who improvise over multiple repetitions of such choruses."[\[4\]](#cite_note-4)

### Arranger's chorus

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Refrain&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: Arranger's chorus")\]

In jazz, an **arranger's chorus** is where the [arranger](/wiki/Arranger "Arranger") uses particularly elaborate techniques to exhibit their skill and to impress the listener. This may include use of [counterpoint](/wiki/Counterpoint "Counterpoint"), [reharmonization](/wiki/Harmonization "Harmonization"), [tone color](/wiki/Tone_color "Tone color"), or any other arranging device. The arranger's chorus is generally not the first or the last chorus of a jazz performance.\[ _[citation needed](/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

### Shout chorus

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Refrain&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: Shout chorus")\]

In jazz, a **shout chorus** (occasionally: **out chorus**) is usually the last chorus of a [big band](/wiki/Big_band "Big band") arrangement, and is characterized by being the most energetic, lively, and exciting and by containing the musical climax of the piece. A shout chorus characteristically employs extreme [ranges](/wiki/Range_(music) "Range (music)"), loud [dynamics](/wiki/Dynamics_(music) "Dynamics (music)"), and a re-arrangement of melodic motives into short, accented riffs. Shout choruses often feature [tutti](/wiki/Tutti "Tutti") or concerted writing, but may also use [contrapuntal](/wiki/Counterpoint "Counterpoint") writing or [call and response](/wiki/Call_and_response_(music) "Call and response (music)") between the [brass](/wiki/Brass_instrument "Brass instrument") and [saxophones](/wiki/Saxophone "Saxophone"), or between the [ensemble](/wiki/Musical_ensemble "Musical ensemble") and the [drummer](/wiki/Drummer "Drummer"). Additionally, brass players frequently use extended techniques such as falls, doits, turns, and shakes to add excitement.

## See also

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Refrain&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: See also")\]

![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png)

Look up _**[refrain](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/refrain "wiktionary:Special:Search/refrain")**_ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

- [Bridge (music)](/wiki/Bridge_(music) "Bridge (music)")
- [Hook (music)](/wiki/Hook_(music) "Hook (music)")
- [Pallavi](/wiki/Pallavi "Pallavi"), a refrain in [carnatic music](/wiki/Carnatic_music "Carnatic music")
- [Ritornello](/wiki/Ritornello "Ritornello")

## References

\[ [edit](/w/index.php?title=Refrain&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: References")\]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)**["Poems of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, inc. "Troy Town""](https://web.archive.org/web/20040225114223/http://www.iath.virginia.edu/rossetti/poems/1-1870ed1doc.html). Archived from [the original](http://www.iath.virginia.edu/rossetti/poems/1-1870ed1doc.html) on February 25, 2004. Retrieved 2003-11-17.
2. **[^](#cite_ref-2)**Benward & Saker (2003). _Music: In Theory and Practice_, Vol. I, p.317. Seventh Edition. [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-07-294262-0](/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-294262-0 "Special:BookSources/978-0-07-294262-0").
3. **[^](#cite_ref-3)**Appen, Ralf von / Frei-Hauenschild, Markus ["AABA, Refrain, Chorus, Bridge, Prechorus — Song Forms and their Historical Development"](http://www.gfpm-samples.de/Samples13/appenfrei.pdf). In: _Samples. Online Publikationen der Gesellschaft für Popularmusikforschung/German Society for Popular Music Studies e.V._ Ed. by Ralf von Appen, [André Doehring](/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Doehring "André Doehring") and [Thomas Phleps](/wiki/Thomas_Phleps_(musicologist) "Thomas Phleps (musicologist)"). Vol. 13 (2015), p. 5.
4. **[^](#cite_ref-4)**Appen and Frei-Hauenschild 2015, p. 4.

- [v](/wiki/Template:Musical_form "Template:Musical form")
- [t](/wiki/Template_talk:Musical_form "Template talk:Musical form")
- [e](/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Musical_form "Special:EditPage/Template:Musical form")

[Musical form](/wiki/Musical_form "Musical form") and [development](/wiki/Development_(music) "Development (music)")

- [Arch form](/wiki/Arch_form "Arch form")
- [Argument](/wiki/Musical_argument "Musical argument")
- [Ausmultiplikation](/wiki/Ausmultiplikation "Ausmultiplikation")
- [Bar form](/wiki/Bar_form "Bar form")
- [Binary form](/wiki/Binary_form "Binary form")
- [Bridge](/wiki/Bridge_(music) "Bridge (music)")
- [Call and response](/wiki/Call_and_response_(music) "Call and response (music)")
- [Cell](/wiki/Cell_(music) "Cell (music)")
- [Coda](/wiki/Coda_(music) "Coda (music)")
- [Conclusion](/wiki/Conclusion_(music) "Conclusion (music)")
- [Cycle](/wiki/Cycle_(music) "Cycle (music)")
- [Cyclic form](/wiki/Cyclic_form "Cyclic form")
- [Developing variation](/wiki/Developing_variation "Developing variation")
- [Development](/wiki/Development_(music) "Development (music)")
- [Drop](/wiki/Drop_(music) "Drop (music)")
- [Exposition](/wiki/Exposition_(music) "Exposition (music)")
- [Finale](/wiki/Finale_(music) "Finale (music)")
- [Formula composition](/wiki/Formula_composition "Formula composition")
- [Hook](/wiki/Hook_(music) "Hook (music)")
- [Introduction](/wiki/Introduction_(music) "Introduction (music)")
- [Leitmotif](/wiki/Leitmotif "Leitmotif")
- [Lick](/wiki/Lick_(music) "Lick (music)")
- [Melody](/wiki/Melody "Melody")
- [Motif](/wiki/Motif_(music) "Motif (music)")
- [Movement](/wiki/Movement_(music) "Movement (music)")
- [Ostinato](/wiki/Ostinato "Ostinato")
- [Overture](/wiki/Overture "Overture")
- [Period](/wiki/Period_(music) "Period (music)")
- [Phrase](/wiki/Phrase_(music) "Phrase (music)")
- [Pre-chorus](/wiki/Pre-chorus "Pre-chorus")
- [Post-chorus](/wiki/Post-chorus "Post-chorus")
- [Recapitulation](/wiki/Recapitulation_(music) "Recapitulation (music)")
- [Repetition](/wiki/Repetition_(music) "Repetition (music)")
- [Reprise](/wiki/Reprise "Reprise")
- [Riff](/wiki/Riff "Riff")
- [Rondo](/wiki/Rondo "Rondo")
- [Rondò](/wiki/Rond%C3%B2 "Rondò")
- [Section](/wiki/Section_(music) "Section (music)")
- [Sonata form](/wiki/Sonata_form "Sonata form")
- [Sonata rondo form](/wiki/Sonata_rondo_form "Sonata rondo form")
- [Song structure](/wiki/Song_structure "Song structure")
- [Strophic form](/wiki/Strophic_form "Strophic form")
- [Ternary form](/wiki/Ternary_form "Ternary form")
- [Theme](/wiki/Subject_(music) "Subject (music)")
- [Thirty-two-bar form](/wiki/Thirty-two-bar_form "Thirty-two-bar form")
- [Through-composed](/wiki/Through-composed_music "Through-composed music")
- [Transition](/wiki/Transition_(music) "Transition (music)")
- [Variation](/wiki/Variation_(music) "Variation (music)")
- [Verse–chorus form](/wiki/Verse%E2%80%93chorus_form "Verse–chorus form")

[![F (bass) clef symbol](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/FClef.svg/40px-FClef.svg.png)](/wiki/File:FClef.svg "F (bass) clef symbol")

- [v](/wiki/Template:Parts_of_a_song "Template:Parts of a song")
- [t](/wiki/Template_talk:Parts_of_a_song "Template talk:Parts of a song")
- [e](/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parts_of_a_song "Special:EditPage/Template:Parts of a song")

[Parts of a song](/wiki/Song_structure "Song structure")

[Verse–chorus form](/wiki/Verse%E2%80%93chorus_form "Verse–chorus form")

- [Introduction](/wiki/Introduction_(music) "Introduction (music)")
- [Verse](/wiki/Song_structure#Verse "Song structure")
- [Pre-chorus](/wiki/Pre-chorus "Pre-chorus")
- Refrain/Chorus
- [Post-chorus](/wiki/Post-chorus "Post-chorus")
- [Bridge](/wiki/Bridge_(music) "Bridge (music)")
- [Solo](/wiki/Solo_(music) "Solo (music)")
  - [Guitar](/wiki/Guitar_solo "Guitar solo")
  - [Drum](/wiki/Drum_solo "Drum solo")
- [Break](/wiki/Break_(music) "Break (music)")
  - [Breakdown](/wiki/Breakdown_(music) "Breakdown (music)")
- [Outro](/wiki/Conclusion_(music) "Conclusion (music)")
  - [False ending](/wiki/False_ending#Music "False ending")

[![Segno](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/SegnoTeken.svg/30px-SegnoTeken.svg.png)](/wiki/File:SegnoTeken.svg "Segno")

Other musical elements

- [Bassline](/wiki/Bassline "Bassline")
- [Counter-melody](/wiki/Counter-melody "Counter-melody")
- [Drone](/wiki/Drone_(music) "Drone (music)")
- [Drop](/wiki/Drop_(music) "Drop (music)")
- [Harmony](/wiki/Harmony "Harmony")
  - [Vocal harmony](/wiki/Vocal_harmony "Vocal harmony")
- [Hook](/wiki/Hook_(music) "Hook (music)")
- [Melody](/wiki/Melody "Melody")
- [Ostinato](/wiki/Ostinato "Ostinato")
  - [Loop](/wiki/Loop_(music) "Loop (music)")
  - [Riff](/wiki/Ostinato#Riff "Ostinato")
- [Rhythm](/wiki/Rhythm "Rhythm")
  - [Groove](/wiki/Groove_(music) "Groove (music)")

[Authority control databases](/wiki/Help:Authority_control "Help:Authority control"): National [![Edit this at Wikidata](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191609#identifiers "Edit this at Wikidata")

- [Germany](https://d-nb.info/gnd/4177356-1)
- [United States](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85112273)
- [Israel](http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007529452405171)

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[Categories](/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"):

- [Formal sections in music analysis](/wiki/Category:Formal_sections_in_music_analysis "Category:Formal sections in music analysis")
- [Song forms](/wiki/Category:Song_forms "Category:Song forms")
- [Musical terminology](/wiki/Category:Musical_terminology "Category:Musical terminology")
- [Jazz terminology](/wiki/Category:Jazz_terminology "Category:Jazz terminology")

Hidden categories:

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