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यूसीसी, अगर कुछ भी हो, मुस्लिम महिलाओं के लिए कानूनी समानता की शुरुआत करेगा. इसी तरह, परिवार नियोजन के लाभ, जो अन्य समुदायों में स्पष्ट हैं, मुसलमानों पर भी समान रूप से लागू होते हैं. छोटा परिवार होने से बच्चों ...
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यह चर्चा सरकारी नीतियों के ढांचे के भीतर हाशिए पर रहने वाले समुदायों, विशेष रूप से मुसलमानों के खिलाफ कथित भेदभाव पर भी चर्चा करती है. हालांकि, यह कथा तथ्यात्मक वास्तविकताओं की तुलना में राजनीतिक एजेंडे से अधिक प्रेरित प्रतीत होती है. इंडियन एक्सप्रेस में एक लेख जिसका <anchor>शीर्षक</anchor> है “Assam government’s new schemes are about discrimination and communalisation, not justice” में दावा किया गया है कि समान नागरिक संहिता (यूसीसी) और मुख्यमंत्री महिला उद्यमिता अभियान (एमएमयूए) जैसी पहल मुसलमानों के खिलाफ भेदभाव की राजनीति में निहित है. एक पसमांदा मुस्लिम होने के नाते यह चिंतादायक है, जिसमें सुझाव दिया गया है कि मुसलमानों के साथ अन्य भारतीय नागरिकों से अलग व्यवहार किया जाना चाहिए. बड़े होते हुए, मुझे अक्सर हैरानी होती थी कि भारतीय कार्यकर्ताओं और बुद्धिजीवियों को मुस्लिम समुदाय से कम उम्मीदें क्यों हैं, जो मुसलमानों के उद्धारकर्ता बनने की उनकी इच्छा में समस्याग्रस्त परंपराओं, आदतों और मानसिकता का समर्थन करते हैं. यह पैटर्न आज भी कायम है, जहां सभी नागरिकों के लिए बनाई गई नीतियों को विशेष रूप से मुसलमानों के खिलाफ भेदभावपूर्ण माना जाता है. सवाल उठता है: किस आधार पर? क्या यह सांस्कृतिक मतभेदों या मौजूदा नीतियों के साथ धार्मिक मूल्यों के गलत संरेखण के कारण है? यह विडंबना है कि जो लोग हिंदू समुदाय के लिए प्रगतिशील मूल्यों पर जोर दे रहे हैं, वे मुस्लिम समुदाय द्वारा उन्हें अपनाए जाने के खिलाफ भी तर्क दे सकते हैं.
Assam government’s new schemes are about discrimination and communalisation, not justice | The Indian Express
Assam government’s new schemes are about discrimination and communalisation, not justice \| The Indian Express

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4. Assam government’s new schemes are about discrimination and communalisation, not justice

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# Assam government’s new schemes are about discrimination and communalisation, not justice

## CM Himanta Biswa Sarma's push for a Uniform Civil Code and the conditions imposed within the Mukhyamantri Mahila Udyamita Abhiyaan (MMUA) are rooted in a politics of exclusion — of Muslims and those most socially, economically marginalised.

Written by Mary E John

Updated: January 17, 2024 16:27 IST

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![Disincentives and exclusions based on the number of children in a family are undemocratic and violate several international covenants ratified by India. (Representational Photo)](https://images.indianexpress.com/2024/01/Opinion3_17th-Jan.jpg?w=640)Disincentives and exclusions based on the number of children in a family are undemocratic and violate several international covenants ratified by India. (Representational Photo)

Barely a year after Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma’s crackdown on child marriage ordering arrests of family members of girls married before the age of 18, he is back in the news for two new initiatives. One is a move to introduce a Bill for a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) in the realm of personal laws affecting marriage and related issues. The other is a new scheme — the Mukhyamantri Mahila Udyamita Abhiyaan (MMUA) — announced with much fanfare and a budget of Rs 4,000 crore, to enable rural women to gain greater financial independence by becoming micro entrepreneurs. Unfortunately, both the initiatives leave considerable room to wonder if they are really about empowering women and achieving gender equality — or are they furthering the ongoing project of communalising Assamese society?

After the Law Commission of India invited views on a national-level UCC last year, many states began to implement their versions. Assam is the third state after Uttarakhand and Gujarat to announce that it is enacting a UCC. The chief minister has indicated that Adivasi communities would be exempted from the proposed new law, without offering any explanation. He has also promised “innovative elements” to address child marriage and polygamy. The pointed remarks about polygamy insinuate that the UCC is not about gender equality for all women but a targeted attack on Muslims in deference to the popular myth that polygamy is rife among them. This systematically stoked prejudice is immune to the finding of the National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5) of 2019-20 that polygamy exists in all communities, and that in each case, it is a marginal practice rather than the norm. The incidence of polygamy is 2.1 per cent among Christians, 1.9 per cent among Muslims, 1.3 per cent among Hindus, and 1.6 per cent among other religious groups. The fact that Muslim Personal Law permits polygamy does not lead to substantially higher incidence, just as its prohibition in all other communities does not ensure its absence — indeed, the rates of polygamy do not differ greatly across communities. A uniform code offers no guarantee whatsoever of greater gender justice.

![](https://data.indianexpress.com/election2019/track_1x1.jpg)

Also Read \| [Conditions apply: In Assam govt scheme for women, no benefits for those with more than 3 children](https://indianexpress.com/article/india/conditions-apply-in-assam-govt-scheme-for-women-no-benefits-for-those-with-more-than-3-children-9105882/)

In comparison, the contextual relevance and the need for the scheme to promote entrepreneurship among rural women seem much clearer. Like the rest of India, Assam has suffered a huge employment crisis during the last two decades in which women (across age groups and levels of education) have been the biggest losers. The steepest fall has been in salaried or waged employment, including casual work. Why, then, does the Assam government want to spend Rs 4,000 crore for setting up small businesses as the only means for tackling this crisis?

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Self-employment is a very risky and vulnerable method of enhancing the financial viability of households in a volatile economy, where women must meet loan repayment schedules while struggling to generate profits out of tiny investments. A more meaningful intervention would have targeted waged employment in a range of sectors from agriculture to services.

Moreover, access to the MMUA is subject to several conditionalities, the most prominent being a differential population norm. To qualify, Scheduled Tribe (ST) or Scheduled Caste (SC) beneficiaries must not have more than four children, while three is the limit for all others. A population criterion might be understandable if families were large — but it is pointless in the context of mounting evidence of the extraordinary declines in fertility across the country, including in Assam.

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We live in a time when no one wants more than two children. According to the latest data, the total fertility rate in Assam has dropped from a low of 2.2 children per woman in 2015-16 (NFHS-4) to 1.9 in 2019-2020 (NFHS-5), which is below replacement levels. There seems to be no rational reason for fearing a population explosion even after considering variations by education, caste and community. The relevant numbers (for average children-per-woman) are: 2.3 (women with no schooling) to 1.5 (at least 12 years of schooling); 1.7 (SC), 1.54 (ST), and 1.6 (Other Backward Classes); 1.6 (Hindu), 2.4 (Muslim) and 1.5 (Christian). These are all low figures. It is only in the older age group of 40-49 years that the mean number of children is somewhat higher — 2.7 (SC), 2.6 (ST), 2.5 (OBC), 2.4 (Hindu), 3.7 (Muslim) and 3.0 (Christian). The Assam government ought to be celebrating declining trends in population growth, not introducing criteria of exclusion for the small numbers with larger families.

Must Read \| [Orunudoi — A woman-centric scheme as game-changer](https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/assam-orunudoi-scheme-explained-7230383/)

Such population criteria tend to be highly discriminatory and exclusionary in their effects. The data shows that it is the most disadvantaged — the poorest, minorities, and older women — who will be impacted. The chief minister reportedly said that women with more children were excluded because they would have no time for their businesses, being too busy with their children’s schooling. This is not only unjust but approaches problems from the wrong end. Families with young school-aged children desperately need more financial assistance, including for health and nutrition. On the other hand, older women who may be less burdened with childcare would be disproportionately excluded from this scheme due to the number of children they may have had earlier.

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Disincentives and exclusions based on the number of children in a family are undemocratic and violate several international covenants ratified by India. More importantly, they may worsen an already skewed sex ratio. The Assam government’s larger push towards a two-child norm is an invitation to gender-biased sex selection. Daughters become even more unwanted when coercive means are employed to reduce the number of children. Urban Assam already has very low figures for sex-ratio-at-birth. Pushing population norms is likely to intensify these trends, extending them to rural Assam and to communities where these practices did not exist.

Within a larger communalised context, the state may now be poised to pioneer discriminatory laws in the name of gender justice.

_**The writer is an independent scholar in Bengaluru. She was with the Centre for Women’s Development Studies, New Delhi.**_

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[![Manipur rockets, Pansang, Manipur violence, Manipur protests, Manipur news, N Biren Singh, manipur government, Manipur deaths, Manipur violence deaths, India news, Indian express, Indian express India news, Indian express India](https://images.indianexpress.com/2024/09/rocket-manipur-3col.jpg?w=300)](https://indianexpress.com/article/india/manipur-town-looks-to-the-skies-in-fear-for-improvised-rockets-9566634/ "Manipur town looks to the skies in fear — for improvised rockets")

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[Entertainment](https://indianexpress.com/section/entertainment/) [The Buckingham Murders movie review: No-nonsense Kareena Kapoor Khan revels in her Kate Winslet era, but Hansal Mehta's film succumbs to obviousness](https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/the-buckingham-murders-movie-review-no-nonsense-kareena-kapoor-khan-revels-in-her-kate-winslet-era-9565320/)

[![Sector 36 movie review](https://images.indianexpress.com/2024/09/Review-Shubhra-Gupta-feature-Sector-36.jpg?w=300)](https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/sector-36-movie-review-vikrant-massey-deepak-dobriyal-9565570/ "Sector 36 movie review: Vikrant Massey, Deepak Dobriyal shine in Netflix film")

[Entertainment](https://indianexpress.com/section/entertainment/) [Sector 36 movie review: Vikrant Massey, Deepak Dobriyal shine in Netflix film](https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/sector-36-movie-review-vikrant-massey-deepak-dobriyal-9565570/)

[![Kristina Joksimovic, Miss Switzerland finalist, who was murdered by husband](https://images.indianexpress.com/2024/09/Christina.png?w=300)](https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-globally/miss-switzerland-murdered-by-husband-body-mutilated-parts-pureed-using-blender-9565309/ "Former Miss Switzerland finalist murdered by husband; body mutilated, parts 'pureed' using blender")

[Trending](https://indianexpress.com/section/trending/) [Former Miss Switzerland finalist murdered by husband; body mutilated, parts 'pureed' using blender](https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-globally/miss-switzerland-murdered-by-husband-body-mutilated-parts-pureed-using-blender-9565309/)

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[![India preseaon camp in Chennai Bangladesh Tests](https://images.indianexpress.com/2024/09/IND-Chennai.jpg?w=300)](https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/chennai-red-soil-pitch-india-vs-bangladesh-test-pre-season-camp-9566342/ "Chennai likely to roll out predominantly red soil pitch for first Test against Bangladesh, as preseason camp begins")

[Sports](https://indianexpress.com/section/sports/) [Chennai likely to roll out predominantly red soil pitch for first Test against Bangladesh, as preseason camp begins](https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/chennai-red-soil-pitch-india-vs-bangladesh-test-pre-season-camp-9566342/)

[![Afghanistan vs New Zealand Match abandoned](https://images.indianexpress.com/2024/09/NZ-AFG-2.jpg?w=300)](https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/afghanistan-vs-new-zealand-abandoned-trott-scheduling-stadium-9565841/ "Afghanistan vs New Zealand match abandoned: Jonathan Trott questions scheduling of Test match, laments about Greater Noida Sports Complex")

[Sports](https://indianexpress.com/section/sports/) [Afghanistan vs New Zealand match abandoned: Jonathan Trott questions scheduling of Test match, laments about Greater Noida Sports Complex](https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/afghanistan-vs-new-zealand-abandoned-trott-scheduling-stadium-9565841/)

[![modi chandrachud](https://images.indianexpress.com/2024/09/Against-their-oaths-copy-1.jpg?w=300)](https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/pm-modi-cji-chandrachud-ganesh-puja-9565154/ "Why PM Modi and CJI Chandrachud's public display of faith is troubling")

[Opinion](https://indianexpress.com/section/opinion/) [Why PM Modi and CJI Chandrachud's public display of faith is troubling](https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/pm-modi-cji-chandrachud-ganesh-puja-9565154/)

[![China Chinese retirement](https://images.indianexpress.com/2024/09/china-retirement.jpg?w=300)](https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-economics/china-retirement-age-9564545/ "Why is China raising retirement ages for its labour force?")

[Explained](https://indianexpress.com/section/explained/) [Why is China raising retirement ages for its labour force?](https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-economics/china-retirement-age-9564545/)

[![Despite not competing professionally, his feats—like a 600-pound bench press and 700-pound deadlifts—earned him a massive following of over 300,000 fans on Instagram](https://images.indianexpress.com/2024/09/bodybuilder.jpg?w=300)](https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fitness/bodybuilder-ate-7-meals-a-day-16500-calories-sushi-steak-illia-golem-the-mutant-9565842/ "Illia Yefimchyk, the bodybuilder who passed away, used to eat seven meals a day: '108 pieces of sushi and 2.5 kg steak'")

[Lifestyle](https://indianexpress.com/section/lifestyle/) [Illia Yefimchyk, the bodybuilder who passed away, used to eat seven meals a day: '108 pieces of sushi and 2.5 kg steak'](https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fitness/bodybuilder-ate-7-meals-a-day-16500-calories-sushi-steak-illia-golem-the-mutant-9565842/)

[![Tech giants like Meta have been accused of contributing to mental health crises among users, especially teens.](https://images.indianexpress.com/2024/08/mobile-phone-apps-759_48743d.jpg?w=300)](https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/meta-snap-tiktok-curb-spread-suicidal-content-social-media-9566099/ "Meta, Snap, and TikTok team up to curb spread of self-harm content on social media")

[Technology](https://indianexpress.com/section/technology/) [Meta, Snap, and TikTok team up to curb spread of self-harm content on social media](https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/meta-snap-tiktok-curb-spread-suicidal-content-social-media-9566099/)

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[![Afghanistan vs New Zealand Match abandoned](https://images.indianexpress.com/2024/09/NZ-AFG-2.jpg?resize=150,83)](https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/afghanistan-vs-new-zealand-abandoned-trott-scheduling-stadium-9565841/ "Afghanistan vs New Zealand match abandoned: Jonathan Trott questions scheduling of Test match, laments about Greater Noida Sports Complex")

[Sports](https://indianexpress.com/section/sports/) [Afghanistan vs New Zealand match abandoned: Jonathan Trott questions scheduling of Test match, laments about Greater Noida Sports Complex](https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/afghanistan-vs-new-zealand-abandoned-trott-scheduling-stadium-9565841/)

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[![Tech giants like Meta have been accused of contributing to mental health crises among users, especially teens.](https://images.indianexpress.com/2024/08/mobile-phone-apps-759_48743d.jpg?resize=150,83)](https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/meta-snap-tiktok-curb-spread-suicidal-content-social-media-9566099/ "Meta, Snap, and TikTok team up to curb spread of self-harm content on social media")

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[![Despite not competing professionally, his feats—like a 600-pound bench press and 700-pound deadlifts—earned him a massive following of over 300,000 fans on Instagram](https://images.indianexpress.com/2024/09/bodybuilder.jpg?resize=150,83)](https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fitness/bodybuilder-ate-7-meals-a-day-16500-calories-sushi-steak-illia-golem-the-mutant-9565842/ "Illia Yefimchyk, the bodybuilder who passed away, used to eat seven meals a day: '108 pieces of sushi and 2.5 kg steak'")

[Lifestyle](https://indianexpress.com/section/lifestyle/) [Illia Yefimchyk, the bodybuilder who passed away, used to eat seven meals a day: '108 pieces of sushi and 2.5 kg steak'](https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fitness/bodybuilder-ate-7-meals-a-day-16500-calories-sushi-steak-illia-golem-the-mutant-9565842/)

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[![Health cover, Ayushman Bharat, Ayushman Bharat health insurance, health insurance for senior citizens, health insurance for 70 years and above, who can take ayushman bharat health insurance, Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana, indian express, health insurance](https://images.indianexpress.com/2024/09/1ch1789365-4col.jpg?resize=150,83)](https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-health/health-cover-for-elderly-9564796/ "Health cover for elderly")

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[![S. Jaishankar, East Gate, Sanchi, Sanchi Great Stupa, Humboldt Forum museum, Great Stupa of Sanchi, Great Stupa, Indian express explained, explained news, explained articles](https://images.indianexpress.com/2024/09/Sanchi2-3cole.jpg?resize=150,83)](https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-culture/from-ashokan-times-to-now-sanchi-to-europe-story-of-the-great-stupa-9564786/ "From Ashokan times to now, Sanchi to Europe, story of the Great Stupa")

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[![Donald J Harris, Kamala Harris](https://images.indianexpress.com/2024/09/don-harris.jpg?resize=150,83)](https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-global/kamala-harris-father-donald-marxist-9564064/ "Who is Kamala Harris’s father, whom Trump denounced as 'a Marxist'?")

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###### [Sep 14: Latest News](/latest-news/)

- 01
[At meet with Piyush Goyal, states bat for agri export boost: Lift curbs, allocate infra funds](https://indianexpress.com/article/india/at-meet-with-piyush-goyal-states-bat-for-agri-export-boost-lift-curbs-allocate-infra-funds-9566563/)

- 02
[Nashik dhol: The enduring legacy of Muslim dhol players in Ganesh festivities](https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/nashik-dhol-the-enduring-legacy-of-muslim-dhol-players-in-ganesh-festivities-9566544/)

- 03
[Onam Games \| From snakeboats to Pulikali, uncover Kerala’s folk arts with jigsaw puzzles](https://indianexpress.com/article/puzzles-and-games/info/onam-festival-rituals-folk-dances-kerala-game-9566533/)

- 04
[MMR’s $50 billion investment on capital infrastructure falls short on liveability, talent attraction](https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mmrs-50-billion-investment-on-capital-infrastructure-falls-short-on-liveability-talent-attraction-9566529/)

- 05
[US slaps sanctions on Chinese entities for supporting Pakistan’s missile program](https://indianexpress.com/article/world/us-sanctions-chinese-pakistan-ballistic-missile-program-9566307/)


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