Возобновляемые источники энергии
Возобновляемая энергия – обеспечение более безопасного ...
Возобновляемая энергия – это энергия, получаемая из природных источников, которые пополняются со скоростью, превышающей скорость ее потребления. Windmills on a ...
потрачено
В 2020 году на субсидирование отрасли ископаемого топлива было <anchor>потрачено</anchor> около 5,9 трлн долл. США, в том числе в форме прямых субсидий и налоговых льгот и в связи с нанесением ущерба здоровью населения и окружающей среде, который не был учтен в стоимости ископаемых видов топлива.
Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right: A Global and Country Update of Fossil Fuel Subsidies
Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right: A Global and Country Update of Fossil Fuel Subsidies

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## Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right: A Global and Country Update of Fossil Fuel Subsidies

Author/Editor:

[Ian W.H. Parry](/en/Publications/Publications-By-Author?author=Ian+W.H.+Parry&name=Ian W.H. Parry)
;
[Simon Black](/en/Publications/Publications-By-Author?author=Simon+Black&name=Simon Black)
;
[Nate Vernon](/en/Publications/Publications-By-Author?author=Nate+Vernon&name=Nate Vernon)

Publication Date:

September 24, 2021

Electronic Access:

[Free Download](/-/media/Files/Publications/WP/2021/English/wpiea2021236-print-pdf.ashx).

Use the free [Adobe Acrobat Reader](http://www.imf.org/adobe) to view this PDF file



**Disclaimer:** IMF Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to encourage debate. The views expressed in IMF Working Papers are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the IMF, its Executive Board, or IMF management.

Summary:

This paper provides a comprehensive global, regional, and country-level update of: (i) efficient fossil fuel prices to reflect their full private and social costs; and (ii) subsidies implied by mispricing fuels. The methodology improves over previous IMF analyses through more sophisticated estimation of costs and impacts of reform. Globally, fossil fuel subsidies were $5.9 trillion in 2020 or about 6.8 percent of GDP, and are expected to rise to 7.4 percent of GDP in 2025. Just 8 percent of the 2020 subsidy reflects undercharging for supply costs (explicit subsidies) and 92 percent for undercharging for environmental costs and foregone consumption taxes (implicit subsidies). Efficient fuel pricing in 2025 would reduce global carbon dioxide emissions 36 percent below baseline levels, which is in line with keeping global warming to 1.5 degrees, while raising revenues worth 3.8 percent of global GDP and preventing 0.9 million local air pollution deaths. Accompanying spreadsheets provide detailed results for 191 countries.

Series:

Working Paper No. 2021/236


Subject:

[Energy subsidies](/en/Publications/Publications-By-Subject?subject=Energy subsidies) [Environment](/en/Publications/Publications-By-Subject?subject=Environment) [Expenditure](/en/Publications/Publications-By-Subject?subject=Expenditure) [Fuel prices](/en/Publications/Publications-By-Subject?subject=Fuel prices) [Greenhouse gas emissions](/en/Publications/Publications-By-Subject?subject=Greenhouse gas emissions) [Non-renewable resources](/en/Publications/Publications-By-Subject?subject=Non-renewable resources) [Prices](/en/Publications/Publications-By-Subject?subject=Prices)

Frequency:

regular

##### English

Publication Date:

September 24, 2021


ISBN/ISSN:

9781513595405/1018-5941

Stock No:

WPIEA2021236

Pages:

40

Please address any questions about this title to [publications@imf.org](mailto:publications@imf.org)

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