Jak nástup digitální technologie negativně ovlivňuje mysl a ...
Toto století zásadně mění parametry naší existence. Na rozdíl od všech předchozích staletí vybočujeme s nástupem digitálních technologií ze ...
10.7759/cureus.40608
S. K. Muppalla, S. Vuppalapati, A. R. et al. „Effects of Excessive Screen Time on Child Development: An Updated Review and Strategies for Management.“ National Library of Medicine. PubMed. Published online 2023 Jun 18. doi: <anchor>10.7759/cureus.40608</anchor>. PMCID: PMC10353947, PMID: 37476119
Effects of Excessive Screen Time on Child Development: An Updated Review and Strategies for Management | Cureus
Effects of Excessive Screen Time on Child Development: An Updated Review and Strategies for Management \| Cureus

- [Home](https://www.cureus.com/)
- Specialties![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/nav-right-arrow.png)







![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/nav-left-arrow-blue.png)Specialties





#### Browse

[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/article-icon.png)Articles](/articles)
[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/poster-icon.png)Posters](/posters)
[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/abstract-icon.png)Abstracts](/abstracts)
[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/new-tag-mobile.png)![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/collections-blue.png)Cureus Collections](/collections)




#### Specialties

- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/allergy_immunology.png)Allergy / Immunology](/allergy_immunology)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/anatomy.png)Anatomy](/anatomy)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/anesthesiology.png)Anesthesiology](/anesthesiology)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/cardiac_thoracic_vascular_surgery.png)Cardiac / Thoracic / Vascular Surgery](/cardiac_thoracic_vascular_surgery)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/cardiology.png)Cardiology](/cardiology)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/dentistry.png)Dentistry](/dentistry)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/dermatology.png)Dermatology](/dermatology)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/emergency_medicine.png)Emergency Medicine](/emergency_medicine)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/endocrinology_diabetes_metabolism.png)Endocrinology / Diabetes / Metabolism](/endocrinology_diabetes_metabolism)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/environmental_health.png)Environmental Health](/environmental_health)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/epidemiology_public_health.png)Epidemiology / Public Health](/epidemiology_public_health)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/family_general_practice.png)Family / General Practice](/family_general_practice)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/forensic_medicine.png)Forensic Medicine](/forensic_medicine)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/gastroenterology.png)Gastroenterology](/gastroenterology)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/general_surgery.png)General Surgery](/general_surgery)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/genetics.png)Genetics](/genetics)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/geriatrics.png)Geriatrics](/geriatrics)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/healthcare_technology.png)Healthcare Technology](/healthcare_technology)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/health_policy.png)Health Policy](/health_policy)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/hematology.png)Hematology](/hematology)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/hiv_aids.png)HIV / AIDS](/hiv_aids)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/infectious_disease.png)Infectious Disease](/infectious_disease)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/integrative_complementary_medicine.png)Integrative / Complementary Medicine](/integrative_complementary_medicine)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/internal_medicine.png)Internal Medicine](/internal_medicine)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/medical_education.png)Medical Education](/medical_education)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/medical_physics.png)Medical Physics](/medical_physics)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/medical_simulation.png)Medical Simulation](/medical_simulation)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/nephrology.png)Nephrology](/nephrology)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/neurology.png)Neurology](/neurology)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/neurosurgery.png)Neurosurgery](/neurosurgery)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/nuclear_medicine.png)Nuclear Medicine](/nuclear_medicine)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/nutrition.png)Nutrition](/nutrition)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/obstetrics_gynecology.png)Obstetrics / Gynecology](/obstetrics_gynecology)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/occupational_health.png)Occupational Health](/occupational_health)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/oncology.png)Oncology](/oncology)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/ophthalmology.png)Ophthalmology](/ophthalmology)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/oral_medicine.png)Oral Medicine](/oral_medicine)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/orthopedics.png)Orthopedics](/orthopedics)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/osteopathic_medicine.png)Osteopathic Medicine](/osteopathic_medicine)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/otolaryngology.png)Otolaryngology](/otolaryngology)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/pain_management.png)Pain Management](/pain_management)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/palliative_care.png)Palliative Care](/palliative_care)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/pathology.png)Pathology](/pathology)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/pediatrics.png)Pediatrics](/pediatrics)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/pediatric_surgery.png)Pediatric Surgery](/pediatric_surgery)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/pharmacology.png)Pharmacology](/pharmacology)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/physical_medicine_rehabilitation.png)Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation](/physical_medicine_rehabilitation)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/plastic_surgery.png)Plastic Surgery](/plastic_surgery)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/podiatry.png)Podiatry](/podiatry)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/preventive_medicine.png)Preventive Medicine](/preventive_medicine)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/psychiatry.png)Psychiatry](/psychiatry)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/psychology.png)Psychology](/psychology)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/health_public.png)Public Health](/health_public)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/pulmonology.png)Pulmonology](/pulmonology)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/quality_improvement.png)Quality Improvement](/quality_improvement)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/radiation_oncology.png)Radiation Oncology](/radiation_oncology)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/radiology.png)Radiology](/radiology)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/rheumatology.png)Rheumatology](/rheumatology)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/sports_medicine.png)Sports Medicine](/sports_medicine)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/substance_use_and_addiction.png)Substance Use and Addiction](/substance_use_and_addiction)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/therapeutics.png)Therapeutics](/therapeutics)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/transplantation.png)Transplantation](/transplantation)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/trauma.png)Trauma](/trauma)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/urology.png)Urology](/urology)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/miscellaneous.png)Miscellaneous](/miscellaneous)

- Resources![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/nav-right-arrow.png)









![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/nav-left-arrow-blue.png)Resources







#### About Publishing



Why publish in Cureus? Click below to find out.

[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/arrow-right-blue.png)Learn more](/about_publishing)




#### For Authors & Reviewers

- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/author-guide.png)Author Guide](/author_guide)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/reviewer-guide.png)Reviewer Guide](/reviewer_guide)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/guest-editor-guide.png)Guest Editor Guide](/guest_editor_guide)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/media-guide.png)Media Guide](/media_guide)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/partnerships/about_advertising.png)About Collections](/about_collections)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/preferred-editing-service.png)Author Fees (Preferred Editing)](/cureus_editing_services)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/cureus-honors.png)Cureus Honors](/honors)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/tag.png)Article Promotion](/article_promotion)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/sharing.png)Article Sharing Guide](/promotion_guide)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/shield.png)SIQ](/siq)

- Channels![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/nav-right-arrow.png)









![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/nav-left-arrow-blue.png)Channels







#### About Channels



Unlock discounted publishing that highlights your organization and the peer-reviewed research and clinical experiences it produces.

[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/arrow-right-blue.png)Learn more](/channels)




#### Channels

- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/75/channel_logo_1563472685-ACOS_cardiothoracic_logo.png)ACOS Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery](/channels/acoscardsurg)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/74/channel_logo_1563472913-ACOS_gen_surg_logo.png)ACOS General Surgery](/channels/acosgensurg)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/32/channel_logo_1550341068-AONS_gold_logo_edited_021619.png)ACOS Neurological Surgery](/channels/aons)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/76/channel_logo_1563302199-PLATIClogo_color.jpg)ACOS Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery](/channels/acosplasurg)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/77/channel_logo_1563473310-ACOS_urol_logo.png)ACOS Urological Surgery](/channels/acosursurg)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/125/channel_logo_Picture1.jpg)Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine Research](/channels/acom)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/123/channel_logo_american-red-cross-logo-vector.png)American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council](/channels/redcross)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/177/channel_logo_AVVP_logo.png)Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Healthcare Campus](/channels/avv)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/166/channel_logo_astromedica-logo_400x400.jpg)AstroMedica: Advances in Transportation Medicine, Flight, Spaceflight, and Microgravity](/channels/astromedica)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/149/channel_logo_AIR-P_Logo_1000x1000_TRANSPARENT__1_.png)Autism and Health: Across the Lifespan](/channels/airp)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/169/channel_logo_Baylor_Christus_logo.png)Baylor College of Medicine at Christus Children’s](/channels/baylorcm)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/185/channel_logo_Channel_logo.png)Baylor Scott & White All Saints Medical Center Graduate Medical Education](/channels/bswasmcgme)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/119/channel_logo_1595010280-BSW_logo.png)Baylor Scott & White Medical Center Department of Neurosurgery](/channels/bsw-neuro)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/175/channel_logo_BLDE_DU_LOGO_PNG.png)BLDE (Deemed to be University)](/channels/blde)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/71/channel_logo_1561749570-unnamed.jpg)California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology](/channels/cibnp)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/5/channel_logo_CARO_logo_400__1_.jpg)Canadian Association of Radiation Oncology](/channels/caro-acro)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/181/channel_logo_Logo.jpg)Central Zone of Indian Society of Anesthesiologists](/channels/czisa)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/34/channel_logo_1549570407-Screen_Shot_2019-02-07_at_3.13.26_PM.png)Contemporary Reviews in Neurology and Neurosurgery](/channels/crnn)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/162/channel_logo_Untitled_design-2.png)Contemporary Updates: Radiotherapy Innovation & Evidence (CURiE)](/channels/curie)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/21/channel_logo_Screen_Shot_2022-09-29_at_7.07.50_PM.png)Dalhousie Emergency Medicine](/channels/dalhousie-em)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/153/channel_logo_DMIHER_logo.png)DMIHER Center for Advanced Physiotherapy Education & Research](/channels/rnpc)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/155/channel_logo_Safeimagekit-resized-img.png)DMIHER Datta Meghe Medical College](/channels/dmmc)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/143/channel_logo_unnamed.png)DMIHER School of Epidemiology and Public Health](/channels/seph)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/168/channel_logo_3.jpg)Dr. D Y Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune](/channels/dpudypatil)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/130/channel_logo_1610476628-NSUFlorida-KPCOM-Stacked-BlueGray_480px.png)Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine (NSUMD)](/channels/nsumd-flagship)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/127/channel_logo_1610476628-NSUFlorida-KPCOM-Stacked-BlueGray_480px.png)Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine (KPCOM)](/channels/nsu-flagship)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/113/channel_logo_channel_logo_1587670935-channel_logo_flagship.png)FLAGSHIP: Medical Scholarly Proceedings](/channels/flagship)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/114/channel_logo_1587732682-FuHGBKUC_400x400.jpg)Florida Atlantic University](/channels/fau-flagship)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/115/channel_logo_1588264234-KSTnUYCw_400x400.png)Florida International University](/channels/fiu-flagship)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/126/channel_logo_1610375772-College-Medicine-Vertical-Color-1_200.jpg)Florida State University](/channels/fsu-flagship)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/152/channel_logo_Logo.png)Global Remote Research Scholars Program](/channels/grrsp)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/180/channel_logo_CHANNEL_LOGO.png)Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital](/channels/gemsh)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/164/channel_logo_logo.webp)Great Western Hospital Academy](/channels/gwha)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/145/channel_logo_Howard_Logo_for_Cureus_Channel.png)Howard University Internal Medicine](/channels/huim)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/120/channel_logo_1600102064-logo-white.c9ba0b95.png)International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation](/channels/ilcor)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/4/channel_logo_1458062764-ipss-channel-logo-400x400.png)International Pediatric Simulation Society](/channels/ipss)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/78/channel_logo_1569267141-LOGO_JRSS.png)Japan Radiosurgery Society](/channels/jrss)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/141/channel_logo_Webp.net-resizeimage__4_.jpg)Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College](/channels/jnmc)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/173/channel_logo_IMG_3596.jpg) Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University (KU)](/channels/karnavatiuni)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/184/channel_logo_Logo_Image_1-1.png)KIMSAC - Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences Academic Channel](/channels/kimsac)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/174/channel_logo_Channel_logo.jpg)Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad.](/channels/kvv)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/116/channel_logo_1589819040-download.png)Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (LECOM)](/channels/lecom-flagship)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/135/channel_logo_LUCOM-Channel-Seal.jpg)Liberty Medicine Research Channel](/channels/lucom)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/161/channel_logo_LSUHS_Vert_Gold-White.png)LSUHS Family Medicine Alexandria](/channels/lsuhsfma)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/179/channel_logo_unnamed.jpg)Manav Rachna Dental College](/channels/mrdc)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/136/channel_logo_MSD_CHANNEL_LOGO_-_Final.png)Medical Society of Delaware Academic Channel](/channels/medsocdel)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/112/channel_logo_MPAC_square-transparent.png)Med-Peds Academic Channel](/channels/med-peds)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/178/channel_logo_SRMIST-logo-400x400_FINAL_.jpg)MHS-SRMIST](/channels/srmist)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/170/channel_logo_MICHR-vertical-white_cureus.png)Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research (MICHR)](/channels/michr)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/29/channel_logo_1526494683-logo.png)Military Medical Simulation](/channels/military-medical-sim)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/133/channel_logo_MMElogo-page-0.jpg)Modern Medical Educator](/channels/mme)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/70/channel_logo_circlelogo.png)NB Social Pediatrics Research](/channels/nbspr)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/158/channel_logo_Negida_Academy_Logo.png)Negida Research Academy](/channels/nra)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/129/channel_logo_NEMAgroup.png)NEMA Research Group](/channels/nema)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/165/channel_logo_logo-color.png)Neuro Series](/channels/uffneuroseries)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/183/channel_logo_Nriims_hero_image.jpg)NRI Institute of Medical Sciences](/channels/nriims)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/171/channel_logo_OCOM_logo.jpg)Orlando College of Osteopathic Medicine](/channels/ocom)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/128/channel_logo_Logo-FPP.png)Paolo Procacci Foundation](/channels/ppf)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/16/channel_logo_1459789770-penn-state-hershey-logo-square.png)Penn State Neurosurgery](/channels/psuneuro)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/182/channel_logo_UCLA-Health_Logo_Stacked_RGB.png)Proceedings of the UCLA Department of Medicine](/channels/ucladom)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/167/channel_logo_tmp_1378_2-23-2021_32519_.jpg)Richmond University Medical Center](/channels/rumc)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/151/channel_logo_SIMATS_logo.png)Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences](/channels/simats)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/142/channel_logo_SBH-IM-Logo-Pantone-072_White.png)SBH Health System](/channels/sbh)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/148/channel_logo_THE_HEALTHCARE_LAB.PNG)Simulation, Biodesign, & Innovation In Medical Education](/channels/healthcarelab)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/137/channel_logo_Academic_Channel_Logo.png)Sinai Chicago Research](/channels/scr)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/8/channel_logo_1459446720-stanford-medicine-channel-logo-600x600.png)Stanford Neurosurgery](/channels/su-neurosurgery)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/176/channel_logo_Rezised_logo_400x400.jpg)SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University](/channels/sdhsu)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/172/channel_logo_Tawan_logo.jpeg)Tawam Oncology](/channels/tawam)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/154/channel_logo_TTUHSC_logo_400x400.png)Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso](/channels/ttuhsc)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/117/channel_logo_1593455763-fmsrp_logo.jpg)The Florida Medical Student Research Publications](/channels/fmsr)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/160/channel_logo_Color_Logo_White_Circle_600x600_-_Cureus_Sized-03.png)The Oxford Center](/channels/toc)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/14/channel_logo_RSS_Spark_400x2.png)the Radiosurgery Society](/channels/therss)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/72/channel_logo_1562007282-Logo_image-_sbcvl_VERT.jpg)UCSF Surgical Neuroanatomy Collection](/channels/sbcvl)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/134/channel_logo_UF-jax.jpg)University of Florida College of Medicine – Jacksonville](/channels/uf-flagship)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/35/channel_logo_1553024316-4cepMG_U_400x400.png)University of Florida-Jacksonville Neurosurgery](/channels/jax-neuro)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/27/channel_logo_1525976670-logo.png)University of Louisville Neurosurgery](/channels/ulneuro)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/121/channel_logo_1597339004-usf_logo_final.png)University of South Florida](/channels/usf-flagship)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/146/channel_logo_VCOM_4_multi_campus_logo_400x400.png)VCOM Clinical, Biomedical, and Educational Research](/channels/vcom)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/156/channel_logo_WCUCOM_Logo_2.JPG)William Carey University College of Osteopathic Medicine Scholarly Activities](/channels/wcucom)

- Partnerships![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/nav-right-arrow.png)









![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/nav-left-arrow-blue.png)Partnerships







#### Cureus Partnerships



Offering a variety of advertising and sponsorship options for reaching influential specialists from targeted demographic splits.

[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/arrow-right-blue.png)Learn more](/partnerships)




#### Institutional Partners

- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/partnerships/about_advertising.png)About Channels](/channels)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/partnerships/advertising_policy.png)List of Cureus Channels](/channels/all)

#### Advertising & Sponsorship

- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/partnerships/about_advertising.png)Advertise With Us](/ads_sponsorship)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/partnerships/advertising_policy.png)Advertising Policy](/advertising)
- ![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/partnerships/download.png)Download Media Kit

#### Competitions

- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/partnerships/about_comps.png)About Competitions](/competitions)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/partnerships/past_comps.png)Competitions](/competitions/past_competitions)

- Newsroom![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/nav-right-arrow.png)









![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/nav-left-arrow-blue.png)Newsroom







#### Browse

[![](https://public.cureus.com/icons/elements-blue.png)All](/newsroom) [![](https://public.cureus.com/newsroom/news.png)News](/newsroom/news) [![](https://public.cureus.com/newsroom/cureusu.png)Cureus U](/newsroom/cureusu) [![](https://public.cureus.com/newsroom/newsletters.png)Newsletters](/newsroom/newsletter)



#### Highlights

- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/newsroom_post/thumbnail_image/113/thumbnail_Illustrated_Hero_Superhero_Invitation__3_.png)Opioid Epidemic Articles](/newsroom/news/113)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/newsroom_post/thumbnail_image/109/thumbnail_Call_for_SubmissionsAlzheimer_s___Brain_Awareness__2_.png)Brain Awareness Article Submissions](/newsroom/news/109)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/newsroom_post/thumbnail_image/85/thumbnail_AdobeStock_281687058.jpeg)Latest Highlighted Endocrinology Articles](/newsroom/cureusu/85)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/newsroom_post/thumbnail_image/8/thumbnail_1580320914-Newsroom_Thumbnail_Cureus_U_Card.jpg)Latest Highlighted Cardiology Articles](/newsroom/cureusu/8)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/newsroom_post/thumbnail_image/13/thumbnail_1580346260-Newsroom_Thumbnail_Cureus_U_Em._Med.jpg)Latest Highlighted Emergency Medicine Articles](/newsroom/cureusu/13)
- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/newsroom_post/thumbnail_image/173/thumbnail_AdobeStock_316206582__1_.jpeg)Peptide Therapy](/newsroom/news/173)

- About Us![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/nav-right-arrow.png)









![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/nav-left-arrow-blue.png)About Us







#### About Cureus



Cureus provides an equitable, efficient publishing and peer reviewing experience without sacrificing publication times.

[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/arrow-right-blue.png)Learn more](/about)




#### Who We Are

- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/about-us/editorial-board.png)Editorial Board](/editorial_board)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/about-us/associate-editors.png)Associate Editors](/associate_editors)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/about-us/academic-council.png)Academic Council](/academic_council)

#### Contributors

- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/about-us/edit.png)Authors](/people)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/about-us/reviewers.png)Reviewers](/people)

#### More From Cureus

- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/about-us/careers.png)Careers](/careers)
- [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/about-us/email-alerts.png)Email Alerts](/email_preferences)

- Competitions 🏆![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/nav-right-arrow.png)









![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/nav-left-arrow-blue.png)Competitions 🏆







#### Competitions



Generate broad awareness and deliver relevant, peer-reviewed clinical experiences directly to potential customers.

[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/arrow-right-blue.png)Learn more](/competitions)





Ongoing Competitions
[All Competitions\
![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/orange-arrow-right.png)](/competitions/past_competitions)

- [![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/competition/thumbnail/58/thumbnail_varian_competition_thumbnail.jpg)\
\
CT or CBCT Guided Online Adaptive Radiotherapy Clinical Case Reports\
\
Sponsored by VARIAN, A Siemens Healthineers Company](/competitions/onlineadaptiveRT)

- ISSN #2168-8184


- [Sign In](/users/sign_in)
- [Create an Account](/registrations/sign_up)

[![](https://public.cureus.com/cureus-nav-logo-actual.png)](/)

[![](https://public.cureus.com/cureus-nav-logo-actual.png)](/)

- [Specialties](/specialties)






#### Browse





[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/article-icon.png)\
Articles](/articles)



[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/poster-icon.png)\
Posters](/posters)



[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/abstract-icon.png)\
Abstracts](/abstracts)





![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/new-tag.png)

[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/collections-blue.png)\
Cureus Collections](/collections)













#### Specialties

[More\
![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/orange-arrow-right.png)](/specialties)





[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/allergy_immunology.png)Allergy / Immunology](/allergy_immunology) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/anatomy.png)Anatomy](/anatomy) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/anesthesiology.png)Anesthesiology](/anesthesiology) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/cardiac_thoracic_vascular_surgery.png)Cardiac / Thoracic / Vascular Surgery](/cardiac_thoracic_vascular_surgery) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/cardiology.png)Cardiology](/cardiology) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/dentistry.png)Dentistry](/dentistry) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/dermatology.png)Dermatology](/dermatology) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/emergency_medicine.png)Emergency Medicine](/emergency_medicine) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/endocrinology_diabetes_metabolism.png)Endocrinology / Diabetes / Metabolism](/endocrinology_diabetes_metabolism) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/environmental_health.png)Environmental Health](/environmental_health) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/epidemiology_public_health.png)Epidemiology / Public Health](/epidemiology_public_health) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/family_general_practice.png)Family / General Practice](/family_general_practice) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/forensic_medicine.png)Forensic Medicine](/forensic_medicine) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/gastroenterology.png)Gastroenterology](/gastroenterology) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/general_surgery.png)General Surgery](/general_surgery) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/genetics.png)Genetics](/genetics) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/geriatrics.png)Geriatrics](/geriatrics) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/healthcare_technology.png)Healthcare Technology](/healthcare_technology) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/health_policy.png)Health Policy](/health_policy) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/hematology.png)Hematology](/hematology) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/hiv_aids.png)HIV / AIDS](/hiv_aids) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/infectious_disease.png)Infectious Disease](/infectious_disease)



[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/integrative_complementary_medicine.png)Integrative / Complementary Medicine](/integrative_complementary_medicine) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/internal_medicine.png)Internal Medicine](/internal_medicine) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/medical_education.png)Medical Education](/medical_education) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/medical_physics.png)Medical Physics](/medical_physics) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/medical_simulation.png)Medical Simulation](/medical_simulation) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/nephrology.png)Nephrology](/nephrology) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/neurology.png)Neurology](/neurology) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/neurosurgery.png)Neurosurgery](/neurosurgery) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/nuclear_medicine.png)Nuclear Medicine](/nuclear_medicine) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/nutrition.png)Nutrition](/nutrition) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/obstetrics_gynecology.png)Obstetrics / Gynecology](/obstetrics_gynecology) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/occupational_health.png)Occupational Health](/occupational_health) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/oncology.png)Oncology](/oncology) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/ophthalmology.png)Ophthalmology](/ophthalmology) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/oral_medicine.png)Oral Medicine](/oral_medicine) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/orthopedics.png)Orthopedics](/orthopedics) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/osteopathic_medicine.png)Osteopathic Medicine](/osteopathic_medicine) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/otolaryngology.png)Otolaryngology](/otolaryngology) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/pain_management.png)Pain Management](/pain_management) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/palliative_care.png)Palliative Care](/palliative_care) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/pathology.png)Pathology](/pathology) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/pediatrics.png)Pediatrics](/pediatrics)



[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/pediatric_surgery.png)Pediatric Surgery](/pediatric_surgery) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/pharmacology.png)Pharmacology](/pharmacology) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/physical_medicine_rehabilitation.png)Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation](/physical_medicine_rehabilitation) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/plastic_surgery.png)Plastic Surgery](/plastic_surgery) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/podiatry.png)Podiatry](/podiatry) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/preventive_medicine.png)Preventive Medicine](/preventive_medicine) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/psychiatry.png)Psychiatry](/psychiatry) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/psychology.png)Psychology](/psychology) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/health_public.png)Public Health](/health_public) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/pulmonology.png)Pulmonology](/pulmonology) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/quality_improvement.png)Quality Improvement](/quality_improvement) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/radiation_oncology.png)Radiation Oncology](/radiation_oncology) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/radiology.png)Radiology](/radiology) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/rheumatology.png)Rheumatology](/rheumatology) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/sports_medicine.png)Sports Medicine](/sports_medicine) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/substance_use_and_addiction.png)Substance Use and Addiction](/substance_use_and_addiction) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/therapeutics.png)Therapeutics](/therapeutics) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/transplantation.png)Transplantation](/transplantation) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/trauma.png)Trauma](/trauma) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/urology.png)Urology](/urology) [![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/specialties-tab/miscellaneous.png)Miscellaneous](/miscellaneous)

- [Resources](/about_publishing)






#### About Publishing





Why publish in Cureus? Click below to find out.





[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/arrow-right-blue.png)**Learn more**](/about_publishing)









#### For Authors & Reviewers







[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/author-guide.png)Author Guide](/author_guide)



[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/media-guide.png)Media Guide](/media_guide)



[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/sharing.png)Article Sharing Guide](/promotion_guide)







[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/reviewer-guide.png)Reviewer Guide](/reviewer_guide)



[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/cureus-honors.png)Cureus Honors](/honors)



[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/shield.png)SIQ](/siq)







[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/guest-editor-guide.png)Guest Editor Guide](/guest_editor_guide)



[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/tag.png)Article Promotion](/article_promotion)



[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/preferred-editing-service.png)Author Fees (Preferred Editing)](/cureus_editing_services)







[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/partnerships/about_advertising.png)About Collections](/about_collections)

- [Channels](/channels)






#### About Channels





Unlock discounted publishing that highlights your organization and the peer-reviewed research and clinical experiences it produces.





[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/arrow-right-blue.png)**Learn more**](/channels)











#### Channels

[More\
![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/orange-arrow-right.png)](/channels/all)







[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/75/channel_logo_1563472685-ACOS_cardiothoracic_logo.png)ACOS Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery](/channels/acoscardsurg)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/74/channel_logo_1563472913-ACOS_gen_surg_logo.png)ACOS General Surgery](/channels/acosgensurg)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/32/channel_logo_1550341068-AONS_gold_logo_edited_021619.png)ACOS Neurological Surgery](/channels/aons)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/76/channel_logo_1563302199-PLATIClogo_color.jpg)ACOS Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery](/channels/acosplasurg)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/77/channel_logo_1563473310-ACOS_urol_logo.png)ACOS Urological Surgery](/channels/acosursurg)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/125/channel_logo_Picture1.jpg)Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine Research](/channels/acom)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/123/channel_logo_american-red-cross-logo-vector.png)American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council](/channels/redcross)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/177/channel_logo_AVVP_logo.png)Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Healthcare Campus](/channels/avv)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/166/channel_logo_astromedica-logo_400x400.jpg)AstroMedica: Advances in Transportation Medicine, Flight, Spaceflight, and Microgravity](/channels/astromedica)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/149/channel_logo_AIR-P_Logo_1000x1000_TRANSPARENT__1_.png)Autism and Health: Across the Lifespan](/channels/airp)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/169/channel_logo_Baylor_Christus_logo.png)Baylor College of Medicine at Christus Children’s](/channels/baylorcm)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/185/channel_logo_Channel_logo.png)Baylor Scott & White All Saints Medical Center Graduate Medical Education](/channels/bswasmcgme)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/119/channel_logo_1595010280-BSW_logo.png)Baylor Scott & White Medical Center Department of Neurosurgery](/channels/bsw-neuro)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/175/channel_logo_BLDE_DU_LOGO_PNG.png)BLDE (Deemed to be University)](/channels/blde)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/71/channel_logo_1561749570-unnamed.jpg)California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology](/channels/cibnp)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/5/channel_logo_CARO_logo_400__1_.jpg)Canadian Association of Radiation Oncology](/channels/caro-acro)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/181/channel_logo_Logo.jpg)Central Zone of Indian Society of Anesthesiologists](/channels/czisa)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/34/channel_logo_1549570407-Screen_Shot_2019-02-07_at_3.13.26_PM.png)Contemporary Reviews in Neurology and Neurosurgery](/channels/crnn)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/162/channel_logo_Untitled_design-2.png)Contemporary Updates: Radiotherapy Innovation & Evidence (CURiE)](/channels/curie)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/21/channel_logo_Screen_Shot_2022-09-29_at_7.07.50_PM.png)Dalhousie Emergency Medicine](/channels/dalhousie-em)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/153/channel_logo_DMIHER_logo.png)DMIHER Center for Advanced Physiotherapy Education & Research](/channels/rnpc)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/155/channel_logo_Safeimagekit-resized-img.png)DMIHER Datta Meghe Medical College](/channels/dmmc)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/143/channel_logo_unnamed.png)DMIHER School of Epidemiology and Public Health](/channels/seph)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/168/channel_logo_3.jpg)Dr. D Y Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune](/channels/dpudypatil)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/130/channel_logo_1610476628-NSUFlorida-KPCOM-Stacked-BlueGray_480px.png)Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine (NSUMD)](/channels/nsumd-flagship)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/127/channel_logo_1610476628-NSUFlorida-KPCOM-Stacked-BlueGray_480px.png)Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine (KPCOM)](/channels/nsu-flagship)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/113/channel_logo_channel_logo_1587670935-channel_logo_flagship.png)FLAGSHIP: Medical Scholarly Proceedings](/channels/flagship)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/114/channel_logo_1587732682-FuHGBKUC_400x400.jpg)Florida Atlantic University](/channels/fau-flagship)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/115/channel_logo_1588264234-KSTnUYCw_400x400.png)Florida International University](/channels/fiu-flagship)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/126/channel_logo_1610375772-College-Medicine-Vertical-Color-1_200.jpg)Florida State University](/channels/fsu-flagship)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/152/channel_logo_Logo.png)Global Remote Research Scholars Program](/channels/grrsp)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/180/channel_logo_CHANNEL_LOGO.png)Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital](/channels/gemsh)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/164/channel_logo_logo.webp)Great Western Hospital Academy](/channels/gwha)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/145/channel_logo_Howard_Logo_for_Cureus_Channel.png)Howard University Internal Medicine](/channels/huim)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/120/channel_logo_1600102064-logo-white.c9ba0b95.png)International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation](/channels/ilcor)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/4/channel_logo_1458062764-ipss-channel-logo-400x400.png)International Pediatric Simulation Society](/channels/ipss)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/78/channel_logo_1569267141-LOGO_JRSS.png)Japan Radiosurgery Society](/channels/jrss)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/141/channel_logo_Webp.net-resizeimage__4_.jpg)Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College](/channels/jnmc)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/173/channel_logo_IMG_3596.jpg) Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University (KU)](/channels/karnavatiuni)







[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/184/channel_logo_Logo_Image_1-1.png)KIMSAC - Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences Academic Channel](/channels/kimsac)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/174/channel_logo_Channel_logo.jpg)Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad.](/channels/kvv)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/116/channel_logo_1589819040-download.png)Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (LECOM)](/channels/lecom-flagship)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/135/channel_logo_LUCOM-Channel-Seal.jpg)Liberty Medicine Research Channel](/channels/lucom)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/161/channel_logo_LSUHS_Vert_Gold-White.png)LSUHS Family Medicine Alexandria](/channels/lsuhsfma)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/179/channel_logo_unnamed.jpg)Manav Rachna Dental College](/channels/mrdc)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/136/channel_logo_MSD_CHANNEL_LOGO_-_Final.png)Medical Society of Delaware Academic Channel](/channels/medsocdel)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/112/channel_logo_MPAC_square-transparent.png)Med-Peds Academic Channel](/channels/med-peds)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/178/channel_logo_SRMIST-logo-400x400_FINAL_.jpg)MHS-SRMIST](/channels/srmist)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/170/channel_logo_MICHR-vertical-white_cureus.png)Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research (MICHR)](/channels/michr)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/29/channel_logo_1526494683-logo.png)Military Medical Simulation](/channels/military-medical-sim)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/133/channel_logo_MMElogo-page-0.jpg)Modern Medical Educator](/channels/mme)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/70/channel_logo_circlelogo.png)NB Social Pediatrics Research](/channels/nbspr)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/158/channel_logo_Negida_Academy_Logo.png)Negida Research Academy](/channels/nra)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/129/channel_logo_NEMAgroup.png)NEMA Research Group](/channels/nema)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/165/channel_logo_logo-color.png)Neuro Series](/channels/uffneuroseries)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/183/channel_logo_Nriims_hero_image.jpg)NRI Institute of Medical Sciences](/channels/nriims)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/171/channel_logo_OCOM_logo.jpg)Orlando College of Osteopathic Medicine](/channels/ocom)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/128/channel_logo_Logo-FPP.png)Paolo Procacci Foundation](/channels/ppf)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/16/channel_logo_1459789770-penn-state-hershey-logo-square.png)Penn State Neurosurgery](/channels/psuneuro)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/182/channel_logo_UCLA-Health_Logo_Stacked_RGB.png)Proceedings of the UCLA Department of Medicine](/channels/ucladom)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/167/channel_logo_tmp_1378_2-23-2021_32519_.jpg)Richmond University Medical Center](/channels/rumc)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/151/channel_logo_SIMATS_logo.png)Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences](/channels/simats)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/142/channel_logo_SBH-IM-Logo-Pantone-072_White.png)SBH Health System](/channels/sbh)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/148/channel_logo_THE_HEALTHCARE_LAB.PNG)Simulation, Biodesign, & Innovation In Medical Education](/channels/healthcarelab)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/137/channel_logo_Academic_Channel_Logo.png)Sinai Chicago Research](/channels/scr)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/8/channel_logo_1459446720-stanford-medicine-channel-logo-600x600.png)Stanford Neurosurgery](/channels/su-neurosurgery)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/176/channel_logo_Rezised_logo_400x400.jpg)SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University](/channels/sdhsu)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/172/channel_logo_Tawan_logo.jpeg)Tawam Oncology](/channels/tawam)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/154/channel_logo_TTUHSC_logo_400x400.png)Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso](/channels/ttuhsc)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/117/channel_logo_1593455763-fmsrp_logo.jpg)The Florida Medical Student Research Publications](/channels/fmsr)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/160/channel_logo_Color_Logo_White_Circle_600x600_-_Cureus_Sized-03.png)The Oxford Center](/channels/toc)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/14/channel_logo_RSS_Spark_400x2.png)the Radiosurgery Society](/channels/therss)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/72/channel_logo_1562007282-Logo_image-_sbcvl_VERT.jpg)UCSF Surgical Neuroanatomy Collection](/channels/sbcvl)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/134/channel_logo_UF-jax.jpg)University of Florida College of Medicine – Jacksonville](/channels/uf-flagship)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/35/channel_logo_1553024316-4cepMG_U_400x400.png)University of Florida-Jacksonville Neurosurgery](/channels/jax-neuro)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/27/channel_logo_1525976670-logo.png)University of Louisville Neurosurgery](/channels/ulneuro)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/121/channel_logo_1597339004-usf_logo_final.png)University of South Florida](/channels/usf-flagship)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/146/channel_logo_VCOM_4_multi_campus_logo_400x400.png)VCOM Clinical, Biomedical, and Educational Research](/channels/vcom)







[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/channel/logo/156/channel_logo_WCUCOM_Logo_2.JPG)William Carey University College of Osteopathic Medicine Scholarly Activities](/channels/wcucom)

- [Partnerships](/ads_sponsorship)






#### Cureus Partnerships





Offering a variety of advertising and sponsorship options for reaching influential specialists from targeted demographic splits.





[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/arrow-right-blue.png)**Learn more**](/partnerships)













#### Institutional Partners







#### Advertising & Sponsorships







#### Competitions













[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/partnerships/about_advertising.png)About Channels](/channels)







[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/partnerships/about_advertising.png)Advertise With Us](/ads_sponsorship)







[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/partnerships/about_comps.png)About Competitions](/competitions)











[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/partnerships/advertising_policy.png)List of Cureus Channels](/channels/all)







[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/partnerships/advertising_policy.png)Advertising Policy](/advertising)







[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/partnerships/past_comps.png)Competitions](/competitions/past_competitions)











![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/partnerships/download.png)Download Media Kit

- [Newsroom](/newsroom)






#### Browse





[![](https://public.cureus.com/icons/elements-blue.png)\
All](/newsroom)



[![](https://public.cureus.com/newsroom/news.png)\
News](/newsroom/news)



[![](https://public.cureus.com/newsroom/cureusu.png)\
Cureus U](/newsroom/cureusu)



[![](https://public.cureus.com/newsroom/newsletters.png)\
Newsletters](/newsroom/newsletter)













#### Highlights

[More\
![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/orange-arrow-right.png)](/newsroom)







[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/newsroom_post/thumbnail_image/113/thumbnail_Illustrated_Hero_Superhero_Invitation__3_.png)Opioid Epidemic Articles](/newsroom/news/113)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/newsroom_post/thumbnail_image/109/thumbnail_Call_for_SubmissionsAlzheimer_s___Brain_Awareness__2_.png)Brain Awareness Article Submissions](/newsroom/news/109)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/newsroom_post/thumbnail_image/85/thumbnail_AdobeStock_281687058.jpeg)Latest Highlighted Endocrinology Articles](/newsroom/cureusu/85)







[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/newsroom_post/thumbnail_image/8/thumbnail_1580320914-Newsroom_Thumbnail_Cureus_U_Card.jpg)Latest Highlighted Cardiology Articles](/newsroom/cureusu/8)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/newsroom_post/thumbnail_image/13/thumbnail_1580346260-Newsroom_Thumbnail_Cureus_U_Em._Med.jpg)Latest Highlighted Emergency Medicine Articles](/newsroom/cureusu/13)



[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/newsroom_post/thumbnail_image/173/thumbnail_AdobeStock_316206582__1_.jpeg)Peptide Therapy](/newsroom/news/173)

- [About Us](/about)






#### About Cureus





Cureus provides an equitable, efficient publishing and peer reviewing experience without sacrificing publication times.





[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/arrow-right-blue.png)**Learn more**](/about)













#### Who We Are







#### Contributors







#### More From Cureus













[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/about-us/editorial-board.png)Editorial Board](/editorial_board)







[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/about-us/edit.png)Authors](/people?preselected_roles%5B%5D=author)







[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/partnerships/partnerships.png)Cureus Partnerships](/partnerships)











[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/about-us/associate-editors.png)Associate Editors](/associate_editors)







[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/about-us/reviewers.png)Reviewers](/people?preselected_roles%5B%5D=reviewer)







[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/about-us/careers.png)Careers](/careers)











[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/about-us/academic-council.png)Academic Council](/academic_council)







[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/about-us/email-alerts.png)Email Alerts](/email_preferences)

- [Competitions 🏆](/competitions)






#### Competitions





Generate broad awareness and deliver relevant, peer-reviewed clinical experiences directly to potential customers.





[![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/arrow-right-blue.png)**Learn more**](/competitions)















#### Ongoing Competitions

[All Competitions\
![](https://public.cureus.com/new-nav-bar/orange-arrow-right.png)](/competitions/past_competitions)













[![](https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/competition/thumbnail/58/thumbnail_varian_competition_thumbnail.jpg)\
\
CT or CBCT Guided Online Adaptive Radiotherapy Clinical Case Reports\
\
Sponsored by VARIAN, A Siemens Healthineers Company](/competitions/onlineadaptiveRT)


[SUBMIT RESEARCH](/publish/articles/new) [SIGN IN](/users/sign_in) [JOIN NOW](/registrations/sign_up)

#### Enter your email address to receive your free PDF download.

Please note that by doing so you agree to be added to our monthly email newsletter distribution list.

![](https://assets.cureus.com/packs/media/images/close_x-d4cc40a348b79c3ba8ee78bbb6f90b1e.png)

![](https://assets.cureus.com/packs/media/images/close_x-d4cc40a348b79c3ba8ee78bbb6f90b1e.png)

New here?
[Sign up.](/registrations/sign_up)

### Sign in to Cureus

[sign in using LinkedIn](/users/auth/linkedin?failure_redirect=%2Fusers%2Fsign_in&success_redirect=%2Fedit_profile)

[sign in using Google](/users/auth/google_oauth2?failure_redirect=%2Fusers%2Fsign_in&scope=userinfo.email&success_redirect=%2Fedit_profile)

[sign in using Facebook](/users/auth/facebook?failure_redirect=%2Fusers%2Fsign_in&success_redirect=%2Fedit_profile)

* * *

or

Sign in with your email address:

Email

Password

Don't have an account?
[Sign Up](/registrations/sign_up)

[Forgot your password?](/users/password/new)

[Resend confirmation instructions](/users/confirmation/new)

![](https://assets.cureus.com/packs/media/images/close_x-d4cc40a348b79c3ba8ee78bbb6f90b1e.png)

### Sign up for Cureus

[sign up using LinkedIn](/users/auth/linkedin?failure_redirect=%2Fusers%2Fsign_in&success_redirect=%2Fedit_profile)

[sign up using Google](/users/auth/google_oauth2?failure_redirect=%2Fusers%2Fsign_in&scope=userinfo.email&success_redirect=%2Fedit_profile)

[sign up using Facebook](/users/auth/facebook?failure_redirect=%2Fusers%2Fsign_in&success_redirect=%2Fedit_profile)

* * *

or

First name

Last name

Email

Password

Specialty

Please chooseI'm not a medical professional.Allergy and ImmunologyAnatomyAnesthesiologyBiostatisticsCardiac/Thoracic/Vascular SurgeryCardiologyCritical CareDentistryDermatologyDiabetes and EndocrinologyEmergency MedicineEpidemiology and Public HealthFamily MedicineForensic MedicineGastroenterologyGeneral PracticeGeneticsGeriatricsHealth PolicyHematologyHIV/AIDSHospital-based MedicineI'm not a medical professional.Infectious DiseaseIntegrative/Complementary MedicineInternal MedicineInternal Medicine-PediatricsMedical Education and SimulationMedical PhysicsMedical StudentNephrologyNeurological SurgeryNeurologyNuclear MedicineNutritionObstetrics and GynecologyOccupational HealthOncologyOphthalmologyOptometryOral MedicineOrthopaedicsOsteopathic MedicineOtolaryngologyPain ManagementPalliative CarePathologyPediatricsPediatric SurgeryPharmacologyPhysical Medicine and RehabilitationPlastic SurgeryPodiatryPreventive MedicinePsychiatryPsychologyPulmonologyRadiation OncologyRadiologyRheumatologySubstance Use and AddictionSurgeryTherapeuticsTraumaUrologyMiscellaneous

#### Email Communication and Personal Data

Cureus personal data will never be sold to third parties and will only be used to enrich the user experience and contact you in direct relation to the application. I agree to opt in to this communication.

By joining Cureus, you agree to our
[Privacy Policy](/privacy)
and
[Terms of Use](/terms).

### Download Cureus Media Kit

I would like to receive Cureus newsletters and updates.