Zdravý vztah: Jak ho vybudovat a udržet (krok za krokem)
V zdravém vztahu je důležitá upřímná a otevřená komunikace. To umožňuje oběma stranám vyjadřovat své pocity, přání a potřeby, ale také sdělovat ...
Výzkum ukázal
Někdy může být konflikt dokonce příležitostí k posílení spojení s partnerem. <anchor>Výzkum ukázal</anchor>, že konflikt může být prospěšný v intimních vztazích, když je třeba řešit vážné problémy, což umožňuje partnerům provést změny, které prospějí budoucnosti vztahu.
What type of communication during conflict is beneficial for intimate relationships? - ScienceDirect
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## Article preview

- [Abstract](#preview-section-abstract)
- [Section snippets](#preview-section-snippets)
- [References (50)](#preview-section-references)
- [Cited by (124)](#preview-section-cited-by)

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## [Current Opinion in Psychology](/journal/current-opinion-in-psychology "Go to Current Opinion in Psychology on ScienceDirect")

[Volume 13](/journal/current-opinion-in-psychology/vol/13/suppl/C "Go to table of contents for this volume/issue"), February 2017, Pages 1-5

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# What type of communication during conflict is beneficial for intimate relationships?

Author links open overlay panelNickola COverall1, James KMcNulty2

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## Highlights

- •
How couples communicate determines conflict resolution and relationship quality.

- •
Communication can involve opposition versus cooperation and be direct or indirect.

- •
Whether communication is beneficial or harmful depends on contextual factors.

- •
Direct opposition has benefits when serious problems can and need to be changed.

- •
Indirect cooperation has benefits when problems are minor and partners are insecure.


What constitutes effective communication during conflict? Answering this question requires first, clarifying whether communication expresses opposition versus cooperation and is direct versus indirect; second, assessing the mechanisms through which communication effects relationships; and third, identifying the contextual factors that determine the impact of communication. Recent research incorporating these components illustrates that direct opposition is beneficial when serious problems need to be addressed and partners are able to change, but can be harmful when partners are not confident or secure enough to be responsive. By contrast, cooperative communication involving affection and validation can be harmful when serious problems need to changed, but may be beneficial when problems are minor, cannot be changed, or involve partners whose defensiveness curtails problem solving.

## Section snippets

## What type of communication during conflict is beneficial for intimate relationships?

Stress can arise in relationships when partners experience conflicting goals, motives and preferences. Common sources of conflict involve unmet expectations, intimacy, time spent together, financial difficulties, discrepancies in equity and power, domestic and family responsibilities, parenting, jealousy, bad habits and more \[1, 2, 3\]. Unresolved conflicts and the stress associated with conflict put even the most satisfying relationship at risk \[4, 5, 6••, 7\]. Moreover, managing and resolving

## Conclusions

Understanding what constitutes effective communication during conflict requires first, clarifying whether communication expresses opposition versus cooperation and represents direct versus indirect attempts to resolve problems (Figure 1); second, assessing the mechanisms through which communication affects relationships, such as motivating partners to improve problems; and third, identifying the contextual factors that determine the relative benefits versus costs of different types of

## Conflict of interest statement

The authors’ declare no conflict of interests.

## References and recommended reading

Papers of particular interest, published within the period of review, have been highlighted as:

- • of special interest

- •• of outstanding interest


## Acknowledgements

Correspondence should be addressed to Nickola C Overall, School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand ( [\[email protected\]](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#325c1c5d445740535e5e72534751595e535c561c53511c5c48)). Some of the research cited in this article was supported by Royal Society of New Zealand Marsden Fund Grant UOA0811 to Nickola C Overall, and National Institute of Health Grant HD058314 and National Science Foundation Grant BCS-1251520 to James K McNulty.

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## Cited by (124)

- ### [Explaining contentious political issues promotes open-minded thinking](/science/article/pii/S0010027724000556)



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Cognitive scientists suggest that inviting people to explain contentious political issues might reduce intergroup toxicity because it exposes people to how poorly they understand the issue. However, whether providing explanations can result in more open-minded political thinking remains unclear. On one hand, inviting people to explain a political issue might make them more impartial and open-minded in their thinking. On the other hand, an invitation to explain a contentious political issue might lead to myside bias—rationalization of one's default position. Here, we address these contrasting predictions in five experiments ( _N_ = 1884; three pre-registered), conducted across a variety of contexts: with graduate students interacting with an actor in a laboratory setting, with US residents at the peak of the 2012 and 2016 U.S. presidential elections, with UK residents before the highly polarized 2019 Brexit vote, and with gun-control partisans. Across studies, we found that explaining politically contentious topics resulted in more open-minded thinking, an effect that generalized across coded (Studies 1–4) and self-report (Studies 3–4) measures. We also observed that participants who were made to feel like their explanations were welcomed felt closer to their discussion partner (Studies 3–4), an effect that generalized to all outgroup members with whom they disagreed with about the politically contentious issue (Study 4). We discuss the theoretical implications of these findings, and the potential for explanations to foster open-minded political engagement.

- ### [Romantic competence in established relationships: Perceptual, behavioral, interactive, and assortative components](/science/article/pii/S0092656623000739)



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Romantic competence (RC) may benefit relationships, but the mechanisms responsible for such links have yet to receive sufficient attention. The present investigation assessed RC levels among participants and their romantic partners (171 couples) using a recently-developed situational judgment test and the design of the study permitted the examination of multiple pathways through which RC could benefit relationships. High RC participants generally viewed relationships in more positive terms and they were also more satisfied with their current relationships. They contributed to the relationship satisfaction of their partners through behavioral pathways and the RC levels of participants and partners were systematically correlated. Altogether, the research highlights multiple mechanisms that link romantic competence to relationship functioning.

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Conflict affords an opportunity for relationship partners to demonstrate that they can be responsive to each other's needs. Understanding what constitutes responsiveness during conflict requires taking a dyadic perspective to identify how partners can tailor responses to address actors' specific needs. The present article reviews recent evidence showing that perceived responsiveness emerges from dyadic patterns involving how both partners and actors behave, and that partners' responsiveness during conflict involves different kinds of behaviors depending on actors' behavior and needs. These dyadic patterns emphasize that building tailored responsiveness to promote conflict resolution requires couples being able and willing to identify, communicate, and respond to each other's specific needs.

- ### [Did relationship quality during the COVID-19 pandemic vary across cultural contexts?](https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075241248394)



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- ### [Simple reflection exercises can build efficacy and reduce distress about relationship conflicts](https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12545)



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[View full text](/science/article/pii/S2352250X16300045)

© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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