Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical success and/ or failure of resin-bonded composite coronal build-up retained by macro-retentive grooves for restoring mutilated primary maxillary incisors after 36 months.~Design: Forty two primary incisors out of 14 children, aged 2-5years, treated in a private pediatric dental practice under general anesthesia and presented for follow-up after 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months included in the study. The parameters recorded at the baseline and at the follow-up intervals were: retention, colour match, the number and location of the decayed surfaces (recurrent caries), chipping /fracture of the restoration and loss of restoration (failure).~Materials and Methods: A total of (14) pediatric patients aged from 2-5 years presented with mutilated primary anterior teeth due to caries or trauma and treated comprehensively under general anesthesia from June 2016 to June 2017 were enrolled in this study. A total of (42) decayed or traumatized primary anterior teeth were treated with composite coronal build-up based on the micromechanical adhesive procedure of composite resin in addition to macro mechanical retentive grooves created on the lateral sides of the cervical one third of the roots of treated teeth. The patients returned at the end of 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months and received clinical examinations. Another dentist (co-author) who did not attend the treatment evaluated the strip crowns clinically by modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. The USPHS system is primarily for posterior teeth, so a new system was developed for anterior teeth. The definitions and criteria for the rating system are detailed in Table (1). Briefly, it was a photographic examination including an evaluation of the color, shape, and integrity of the strip crown.~All patients were recalled, and restorations were evaluated for anatomic form, surface texture, recurrent caries, color match and retention in accordance with Ryge's Direct (US Public Health Service) evaluation criteria at baseline (immediately postoperative), and intervals of 6, 12, 24, and 36 months.~The crown was considered to be clinically successful, if the surface appeared smooth, the colour remained good or acceptable, without chipping/ fracture or recurrent caries at tooth/restoration interface and there is no loss of the restoration.~Data are analyzed using percentages, frequencies and cumulative frequencies. The Z-test will be used for comparison between failure rates of the two types of failures (Failure due to trauma & failure of bonding), significance level is set at P< 0·05. The Chi squared test will be used for association between the number of affected surfaces and the total failures. The level of significance (P-value) is set at P< 0·05.
Prospective single arm study was to evaluate the clinical success and/ or failure of resin-bonded composite coronal build-up retained by macro-retentive grooves for restoring mutilated primary maxillary incisors after 36 months.~Design: Forty two primary incisors out of 14 children, aged 2-5years, treated in a private pediatric dental practice under general anesthesia and presented for follow-up after 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months included in the study. The parameters recorded at the baseline and at the follow-up intervals were: retention, colour match, the number and location of the decayed surfaces (recurrent caries), chipping /fracture of the restoration and loss of restoration (failure).~Materials and Methods: A total of (14) pediatric patients aged from 2-5 years presented with mutilated primary anterior teeth due to caries or trauma and treated comprehensively under general anesthesia from June 2016 to June 2017 were enrolled in this study. A total of (42) decayed or traumatized primary anterior teeth were treated with composite coronal build-up based on the micro-mechanical adhesive procedure of composite resin in addition to macro mechanical retentive grooves created on the lateral sides of the cervical one third of the roots of treated teeth. The patients returned at the end of 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months and received clinical examinations. Another dentist (co-author) who did not attend the treatment evaluated the strip crowns clinically by modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria.