Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease (aGvHD) is a serious and life-threatening disease that arises as a complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). At the onset of aGvHD, skin is the most frequently affected region (80% of patients) while GI tract or liver are involved in about 50% of patients (Martin 1990). aGvHD symptoms for the lower GI tract include watery diarrhea (≥500 mL), severe abdominal pain or bloody diarrhea (Ferrara 2009). While the incidence of severe GI-aGvHD has slightly decreased during the past decade, treatment remains unsuccessful in most cases (Gooley 2010, Castilla Llorente 2014), with a 2-months overall survival (OS) rate of 22% in steroid non-responsive or steroid refractory (SR) patients, non-responders to ruxolitinib (Jagasia 2020).~MaaT013 (pooled allogeneic fecal microbiota) is a live biotherapeutic product being developed by MaaT Pharma (Lyon, France) for the treatment of steroid-resistant, gastrointestinal aGvHD (SR-GI-aGvHD) adult patients with refractory, not eligible or who have failed second-line systemic therapy.~MaaT013 is still in clinical development phase and is not approved yet for marketing in any region. During the development program, MaaT Pharma has undertaken initial development with closely related product candidates, leading to the Phase II HERACLES study in which MaaT013 preliminary safety and efficacy were assessed in the context of SR-GI-aGvHD. In addition, a pivotal Phase III study (ARES trial) is planned
MaaT013 is still in clinical development phase and is not approved yet for marketing in any region. During the development program, MaaT Pharma has undertaken initial development with closely related product candidates, leading to the Phase II HERACLES study in which MaaT013 preliminary safety and efficacy were assessed in the context of steroid-resistant, gastrointestinal aGraft versus Host Disease (SR-GI-aGvHD). In addition, a pivotal Phase III study (ARES trial) is planned.~In the absence of medical options in patients with gastrointestinal acute GvHD refractory to multiple lines of treatment, this early access program has been implemented.