Background/Rationale: Prostate cancer(PC)is the second most frequent cancer diagnosis made in men and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide(1). Variations in the incidence rates world wide reflect differences in multiple epidemiological variables depending on the different regions. It is known that in Central America is the leading cause of cancer death in men. For South America, it is the second cause of cancer death and the third in North America(2). Estimations from 2012 from Brazil reported over 60,000 new cases. While in 2017 the United States (US) reported more than 160,000 new cases, represent in gone in five diagnosis of cancer in men (3-5).~The incidence of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)has been reported in several studies in various regions of the world, but unfortunately in Latin America data are incomplete. A comprehensive systematic review including 71,179 patients observed for up to 12 years, indicated that 10.0-20.0% of PC patients developed CRPC within approximately five years of follow-up. Over 84.0% of them had metastases present at the time of CRPC diagnosis, and 33.0% of those without metastases at diagnosis developed them within two years (3,4). Currently, patients with metastatic CRPC (mCRPC) have an overall survival rate between 9 and 13 months and is associated with bone metastases and poor quality of life (3.7). The negative prognosis of mCRPC may be associated in part with few and limited therapeutic options. In the past decade, there have been few new treatment options for this group of patients becoming an unmet need, but the development of targeted therapies and the application of PCD-damaged DNA repair mutation detection (DDR) tests allow patient classification and offer them important treatment options, particularly in advanced stages of the disease where current options are limited (8,9).~Objectives and Hypotheses Primary Objective: Determine the prevalence of homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene mutations in participants with mCRPC in Latin America(LatAm) between February 2021 and January 2022.~Exploratory objectives~Describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of the mCRPC participants with HRR gene mutations in LatAm between February 2021 and January 2022.~Describe the association between demographic and clinical characteristics, and the prevalence of HRR gene mutations in participants with mCRPC per LatAm country between February 2021 and January 2022.~No hypothesis will be considered for the study.~Methods:~Study design: A cross-sectional, non-interventional, multicenter study to determine the prevalence of HRR gene mutations in participants with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in LatAm. The study will be performed in reference centers for the attention of mCRPC patients in LatAm countries (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama and Peru). The study will select participants with mCRPC diagnosed between February 2021 and January 2022.~During screening visit, consecutive eligible participants who have been diagnosed with mCRPC will be invited to participate, and after consent, their demographic in formation and history of cancer data will be collected. Archived FFPE tumor blocks (tissue sample)from eligible participants will be requested from the local pathology laboratory and used for HRR mutation testing. A blood sample will be taken from each participant enrolled in the study independently of the FFPE availability-. Although blood sample must be available for testing under the algorithm of this protocol, not all blood samples will be processed and/ or analyzed. After checking FFPE tissue availability Pathologist will perform an assessment in order to check sample quality. If pathology assessment of FFPE sample accomplishes sample quality requirements tissue will be cut in 5um slices and 15 to 20 slides will be provided to reference laboratory.~After NGS sequencing and complete analyses are performed for each sample, reporting will be performed signed from Laboratory main investigator. Reporting will be delivered to Participant ́s Center and Physician will report the results to each participant.~Participants' medical records will be reviewed for data relevant to mCRPC diagnosis, including basic demographic information, medical history, and treatment history. Approximately 390 patients will be enrolled in this study. It is anticipated that participants will be enrolled at eight sites in multiple countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, CostaRica, Mexico, Panama and Peru(Panama and Costa Rica, and Colombia and Peru are considered as clusters).The maximum duration of the study is expected to be 12months.~Data Source(s):To perform HRR mutation testing, archival FFPE biopsy tissue samples from primary or metastatic tumor will be used. HRR genes according to provider ́s protocol. FFPE slides and blood samples will be analysed using New Generation Sequencing (NGS) at one central analytics laboratory (reference laboratory) in each country. Each reference laboratory will perform HRR mutation testing and report mutation status of each of the genes included in the test according to the procedure established by the HRR mutation testing manufacturer. Variants classification will be performed according ACMG guidelines. All demographic informationandhistoryofcancerdata(includingprevioustreatments)fromparticipantswill be collected in retrospective manner using patient medical records. Data will be entered in the electronic forms. The principal investigator will be responsible for ensuring that all required data are collected and entered into the electronic forms.~Study Population :Study population will be the diagnosed castration resistant metastatic prostate cancer patients in the selected countries from February 2021 and January 2022..It is estimated that approximately 390 patients will be enrolled
Determine the prevalence of homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene mutations in participants with mCRPC in Latin America (LatAm) between February 2021 and January 2022.