Renal transplantation is actually considered the optimal elective treatment for end stage kidney disease.~Successful renal transplantation involves the optimization of several parameters. Previous studies have suggested that perioperative hemodynamic factors influence immediate and long-term graft survival.~Perioperative hemodynamic management of this kind of surgery is nowadays focused on optimization of fluid therapy concerning both the donor and the graft and their interaction. Postoperative graft function is not exclusively determined by donor and graft characteristics. Several studies over the last 30 years indeed demonstrated that hemodynamic status of the recipient during kidney transplant surgery relates to graft function and proper management of balancing fluid plays a critical role through maintaining optimal blood volume and so assure an adequate supply of oxygen to the tissues.~Aggressive expansion of the intravascular volume during transplantation surgery has been recommended by most previous studies supporting the so called liberal approach to fluid management suggesting that a massive intravascular volume expansion was necessary improve renal blood flow and minimize hypoperfusion caused tissue damages. Nowadays it is clear that adequate early graft function requires perfusion of the transplanted kidney, which may be enhanced by expansion of the intravascular volume in the recipient. However, some studies have reported that aggressive intraoperative volume expansion is not always warranted in kidney transplantation and can expose patients with preexistent cardiac disease or poor myocardial function to the risk of fluid overload, acute respiratory failure, and prolonged ventilation. Moreover fluid overload has been demonstrated to be harmful even for graft perfusion, microcirculation and tissue oxygen delivery.~There are currently no clear recommendations on hemodynamic targets during kidney transplantation and most anesthesiologists rely on empiric or obsolete parameters such as CVP.~The aim of this study is to investigate hemodynamic management of these patients applying a new generation of advanced monitoring systems such as MOSTCAREUP which can potentially provide a clear overview of the circulatory status beat by beat and to adjust fluid therapy in every single patient or clinical condition.
There are currently no clear recommendations on hemodynamic targets during kidney transplantation and most anesthesiologists rely on empiric or obsolete parameters such as CVP.~The aim of this study is to investigate hemodynamic management of these patients applying a new generation of advanced monitoring systems such as MOSTCAREUP which can potentially provide a clear overview of the circulatory status beat by beat and to adjust fluid therapy in every single patient or clinical condition.