Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 2 million strokes worldwide per year and is the deadliest subtype of stroke with a 1-year mortality rate up to 50%. Given the high morbidity and mortality of this disease process, surgical options have been repeatedly evaluated in large multicenter randomized controlled trials that unfortunately have not demonstrated improved outcomes. Time to treatment is a factor that has been shown to carry enormous weight in the treatment of ischemic stroke but has not yet been demonstrated to play a role in hemorrhagic stroke. On the other hand, Intracerebral hemorrhage growth in early-stage is associated with the poor clinical outcome. Thus, investigators assume that minimally invasive surgery in early-stage ICH patients with high risk of hemorrhage growth may improve the long-term outcomes. In the first part, the investigators will review more than 1000 early-stage ICH patients from 33 centers within the last 5 years in China to create a predictive model of intracerebral hemorrhage growth based on clinical, blood, genetic, imaging, and pharmacological factors. The early-stage means 24 hours from symptom onset to baseline imaging. The hemorrhage growth is defined as an increase in intracerebral hemorrhage volume between baseline and repeat imaging of more than 6 mL or more than 33%. The second part is to validate the efficacy of the minimally invasive surgery in patients with high risk of hemorrhage growth according to the first part results in a prospective multicenter cohort study. Endoscopic surgery and stereotactic thrombolysis (150 patients) will be compared with conventional treatment (150 patients), including medical treatment and conventional craniotomy. Clinical data and laboratory data will be collected by electric case report form (CRF) and uploaded online by each neurosurgery center to form the prospective clinical database in First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University. This cohort follow-up study will be across a 3-year period with a 2 years interval of enrollment and 1 year follow up for each patient.
The study consists of 2 parts: the first part is to conduct a multicenter retrospective analysis of more than 1000 acute ICH patients treated by conservative observation from 33 centers in China to create a predictive model of intracerebral hemorrhage growth based on clinical, blood, genetic, imaging, and pharmacological factors; the second part is to validate the efficacy of the minimally invasive surgery, including stereotactic thrombolysis and endoscopic surgery, in 300 eligible patients with high risk of hemorrhage growth according to the first part results in a prospective multicenter cohort study.