Objective: The primary objective of this study is to perform phenotypic and genotypic characterizations of patients and family members with a known or suspected diagnosis of a movement disorder and screen for eligibility to participate in other movement disorder related protocols:~14-N-0086 Deep brain stimulation therapy in movement disorders~11-N-0211 Deep brain stimulation surgery for movement disorders~12-N-0031 Imaging biomarkers in Parkinson s Disease~93-N-0202 Diagnosis and natural history protocol for patients with different neurological conditions~17-N-0076: Does N-Acetylcysteine decrease spontaneous oxidation of central neural dopamine in Parkinson s Disease?~17-N-0035: Clinical and physiological studies of tremor syndromes~00-N-0043: Clinical and molecular manifestations of inherited neurologic disorders~03-AG-N-329 (NIA): The genetic characterization of movement disorders and dementias~20M0082 Phase 1 Study: PET Imaging of Cyclooxygenases in Neurodegenerative Brain Disease; Institute (NIMH)~The secondary goals of this protocol are to learn more about genetic causes of movement disorders and their phenotypic associations; identify patients and families with inherited movement disorders; evaluate disease manifestations to establish an accurate clinical diagnosis; and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Studies of inherited movement disorders in large families with well-documented genealogical records are especially valuable. The study will also assess a series of exploratory peripheral biomarkers, including, but not limited to, those delineated by DNA, RNA, protein, and/or metabolite alterations in an effort to more accurately predict those with, or at risk of having, the specific neurological disease.~Study population: Subjects older than 2 years old with movement disorders and their family members will be enrolled. Patients with diseases of known molecular basis will be genotyped in order to investigate phenotype/genotype correlations. Patients with disease of unknown or incomplete genetic characterization will be studied with a hope of contributing to the identification of specific disease-causing genes and genetic mechanisms and/or peripheral bio-signatures involved in a particular disorder.~Design:~This is an observational diagnostic study of movement disorders and their progression and pathophysiology.~Outcome measures: Determination of phenotype/genotype correlations in specific movement disorders, referral of patients and/or family members for participation in other NIH studies, gene identification if not known, gene expression and protein, metabolite and nucleic acid levels, collection of blood cells and generation of induced pluripotent stem cell lines, and establishment of a clinical diagnosis when possible.
The goal of this protocol is to identify families with inherited movement disorders and evaluate disease manifestations to establish an accurate clinical diagnosis by using newest technological advances and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Studies of inherited movement disorders in large families with good genealogical records are especially valuable. Patients with diseases of known molecular basis will be genotyped in order to investigate phenotype/genotype correlation. Patients with disease of unknown or incomplete genetic characterization will be studied with a hope of contributing to the identification of specific disease-causing genes and genetic mechanisms responsible for a specific disorder.