The aim of this study is to provide a prospective classification of CD8 high (immunologically hot) versus CD8 low (immunologically cold) tumors at the time of treatment, based on the percentage of CD8 cells in a tumor biopsy, and to address the predictive value of the CD8 biomarker for selecting patients for treatment with nivolumab with or without ipilimumab.~A total of up to approximately 200 participants with advanced metastatic cancer will be enrolled. Ongoing monitoring for safety and futility will be implemented based on the method of Thall and colleagues (Thall et al, 1995) separately in the CD8 high and CD8 low tumor groups. Single-agent nivolumab will be administered at 360 mg intravenously (IV) every 3 weeks (Q3W). Participants who continue to show clinical benefit after the first disease assessment will receive nivolumab 480 mg IV every 4 weeks (Q4W) until progressive disease (PD) or intolerable toxicity. At PD, participants will be allowed to add ipilimumab. For nivolumab and ipilimumab combination therapy, nivolumab will be administered at 360 mg IV Q3W, and ipilimumab will be administered at 1 mg/kg IV Q3W for the first 2 doses and then every 6 weeks for the 3rd and 4th doses, followed by nivolumab 480 mg IV Q4W until PD or intolerable toxicity. After receipt of the first dose of ipilimumab, the Investigator may determine (based on clinical symptoms) the number of future doses of ipilimumab the participant will receive, for a maximum of 4 doses. Participants who stop ipilimumab dosing early due to toxicities, may start nivolumab maintenance (ie, 4 doses [12 weeks] of nivolumab following the first dose).~Advanced prostate cancer participants with tumoral CD8 ≥ 15% will be enrolled in the nivolumab monotherapy arm. A total of approximately 20 participants with Advanced Prostate Cancer and tumoral CD8 < 15% will be allocated to 1 of 2 cohorts using combinations of ipilimumab and nivolumab.
This is an open-label, exploratory study to evaluate nivolumab with or without ipilimumab based on percentage of tumoral CD8 cells at the time of treatment in participants with varying advanced solid tumors. Participants who have a tumor with ≥ 15% CD8 cells (classified as CD8 high) will receive nivolumab monotherapy, and participants who have a tumor with < 15% CD8 cells (classified as CD8 low) will receive ipilimumab in combination with nivolumab.