For dental implant to be successful, a direct contact between the bone tissue and the surface of the implant should be developed & this physiological phenomenon is known by the term of osseointegration.~Initially, it was supposed that to achieve osseointegration, implants had to be submerged under the mucosa & left without any loading for a period of 3-4 months in mandible and 6-8 months in maxilla.~Recently immediate implant placement at the time of extraction has become a viable treatment alternative, this approach provides the advantages of decreasing the patient's discomfort, the treatment's duration and costs.~Aiming to reduce healing process to limit such changes in the soft & hard tissues and reducing treatment time, several alterations in both surgical and restorative procedures has been introduced. From an implant design perspective, two approaches including the fields of biomaterials and/or biomechanics have been most utilized; implant body design which aim to increase the primary stability and surface modifications to allow faster osseointegration process.~Rough implant surface is modified by different techniques. Among these different techniques, interest in of using laser to achieve roughened surfaces.~Commercially available implant surfaces are moderately roughened surfaces and they are obtained by acid-etching following alumina or titanium oxide grit-blasting.~Although the micro-rough implants can be successful in compromised clinical scenarios, the bioinert nature of titanium surfaces cannot stimulate a more rapid bone regeneration and mechanical fixation of dental implants.
Commercially available implant surfaces are moderately roughened surfaces and they are obtained by acid-etching following alumina or titanium oxide grit-blasting.~Although the micro-rough implants can be successful in compromised clinical scenarios, the bioinert nature of titanium surfaces cannot stimulate a more rapid bone regeneration and mechanical fixation of dental implants.~Laser surface treatment is used to produce an implant surface modification on the nano-scale with controlled and reproducible patterns in addition to exhibiting a sterilizing effect and achieving efficient oxidation .