Within the 1st 48 hours of birth, all live born, singleton neonates with gestational ages between 28-40 weeks will be included in the study after obtaining an informed consent from their legal guardians.~Assessment of malnutrition within 48 hours of birth:~Anthropometric indices:~Weight (using the infant weighing scale). Length (using the infant measuring board). Head circumference (using non-metallic non-stretchable tape).~Proportionality indices:~MAC/HC ratio (Calculation for each infant and value will be plotted on and compared with a standard curve). Ponderal index Body mass index~Clinical assessment of nutritional status (CANS) score:~A total score <25 is considered as fetal malnutrition. 3. Detection of early neonatal morbidities within the first week of life (for those who will require NICU admission):~Hypoglycemia (Random blood sugar)~Polycythemia (Hematocrit level)~Respiratory Distress Syndrome~Neonatal sepsis (Clinically, Laboratory: CBC with diff., CRP, C/S)~Hyperbilirubinemia (Serum bilirubin level, Need of phototherapy or exchange transfusion)~Feeding intolerance (Abdominal distension with prominent intestinal loops, Gastric residue more than 3ml/kg before feeding at least 2 times/ day)
Assessment of malnutrition within 48 hours of birth through anthropometric indices as Weight, Length and Head circumference, Proportionality indices as MAC/HC ratio, Ponderal index and Body mass index, Clinical assessment of nutritional status (CANS) score. Detection of early neonatal morbidities within the first week of life including Hypoglycemia ,Polycythemia, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Neonatal sepsis, Hyperbilirubinemia and Feeding intolerance