Liver transplantation is a successful therapy on the patients with end-stage liver disease, however is limited by the shortage of donor organs. Donor criteria were expanded in the past decades, however the extended criteria donor (ECD) livers may induce a higher risk of complications. Static cold storage (SCS) is the standard procedure for ex vivo liver preservation for about 4 decades, but has the limitation on preserving ECD livers and especially the inconvenience to evaluate liver quality prior to transplantation. Hypothermic (4-8 Celsius degree) machine perfusion (HMP) and Normothermic (35-37 Celsius degree) machine perfusion (NMP) have been shown to be beneficial to preserve extended criteria donor (ECD) livers respectively. NMP also had the convenience on liver quality assessment. The investigators had an institutional-developed device for liver NMP used on 25 patients with the FDA's IDE approval. In the present study the investigators are proposing to expand the use of the device on sequential HMP (1-4 hours) and NMP (1-14 hours) on 15 ECD human livers. This will be a single center prospective pilot study. The liver metabolism and hydrodynamics during perfusion will be recorded. The transplant procedure and post-transplant care will follow the clinical standard of care. The follow-up period is 12 months after transplantation. The primary end point will be the rate of patient survival and primary non function (PNF) within 30 days after transplantation, while the secondary end points will be: Early Allograft Dysfunction (EAD), 6 months patient and graft survival, peak liver function tests in the first 7 days after transplantation, surgical outcomes (operative time, transfusion requirement etc.), rate of post-transplant kidney failure, assessment of histological ischemia reperfusion (liver and bile duct), rate of vascular complications, rate of biliary complications, hospital and ICU length of stay, rejection rate, infection rate, the ability to predict function based on on-pump viability markers, and the incidence of adverse effect (AE).
Hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) has been shown to be beneficial to preserve extended criteria donor (ECD) livers for transplantation. Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) had the same benefits and also the convenience on liver quality assessment. The investigators proposed to do sequential HMP (1-4 hours) and NMP (1-14 hours) on 15 ECD human livers by using an institutional-developed perfusion device for liver transplantation.