The present study was designed as a, single-center, prospective cohort study focusing on the relationship between smoking status and the severity of periodontitis.~The research question was  How the Fagerström for nicotine dependence (FTND) and the number of cigarette cunsuption (NNC) are correlated to the severity of chronic periodontitis? Thirty-four consecutive smoker patients presenting a chronic periodontitis were included in the study, and the smoking status was defined both by NCC and FTND.~Periodontal clinical parameters were correlated with NCC and FTND.~All the clinical periodontal parameters were recorded by a single periodontist (L.S). Periodontal assessments included: probing depth (PD), gingival recession (RD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque score index (PI), Furcation (Furc), tooth mobility and the percentage of sites of PD ≥ 6mm. A graduated manual periodontal probe was used to take measurements at the 6 sites of each tooth. BOP (%) and plaque score (%).~All the participants of the study respected the following inclusion criteria: 1/ smoker patients aged of minimum 18 years old, 2/ chronic periodontitis, 3/ presence of a minimum of 6 teeth at each arch, 4/ a minimum of 6 teeth with pocket depth of 5 mm, 5/ signed the informed consent. The exclusion criteria were: 1/ aggressive periodontitis, 2/ diabetes, 3/ connective tissue disease, 4/ pregnancy, 5/ radio-therapy, 6/ chemotherapy, 7/ psychological disease, 8/ previous periodontal therapy.~The patient smoking status was defined by FTND and NCC FTND scores were categorized in 3 groups~scores < 4 for low nicotine dependence,~scores = 4-5 for moderate nicotine dependence~scores > 5 for high nicotine dependence.~The NCC s was classified in three levels of smokers as described in most of the periodontal studies:~Number of cigarette smoking ≤ 10 per day for low consumption~Number of cigarette smoking from 10 to 20 per day for moderate consumption~Number of cigarette smoking > 20 per day for high cigarette consumption
The present study was designed as a, single-center, prospective cohort study focusing on the relationship between smoking status and the severity of periodontitis