Historically, pregnant women were advised to refrain from exercise due to concerns of maternal and fetal risk such as preterm delivery, low infant birth rate and fetal stress. Despite current research that has demonstrated substantial benefits for maternal, fetal, and infant health, only 9-15% of pregnant women meet the current physical activity recommendations. In addition, pregnancy exercise research is confounded by a lack of randomized controlled trials (RCT) that include diversity in participant demographics, specifically inner city populations, and difficulty accurately quantifying weekly exercise volume. The investigators propose a pilot RCT investigating two different approaches to exercise intervention across a spectrum of demographics that the investigators believe will result in improved exercise adherence as well as in maternal and infant health outcomes. Specific Aim #1: To determine the feasibility of two types of exercise interventions (supervised & home exercise) in terms of design, implementation and adherence. Our working hypothesis is that both supervised and home exercise interventions will be implementable as designed in pregnant women as evidenced by recruitment, eligibility, retention, follow-up and exercise adherence from 1st trimester through 6-months post-natal at a 60% rate, but that adherence to the two types of exercise interventions will differ by demographic. A secondary exploratory hypothesis is that the investigators will be able to successfully recruit and retain 50% of our pregnant women from the Syracuse Community Health Center (primarily women with lower resources). Specific Aim #2: To determine the appropriateness of the outcome measures proposed for the exercise intervention in detecting changes in maternal aerobic fitness, quality of life (QOL), fatigue, sleep quality, depression, and weight change throughout pregnancy and 6-months post-natal as measured by the Balke Ware submaximal test; SF-12 Generic Quality of Life (QOL); Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI); Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQLI); Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D); Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS); and the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ). Our working hypothesis is that the above outcome measures will be able to detect changes in maternal outcome measures in both exercise groups. Because this is a feasibility study, the results will be used as preliminary data to apply for future funding and also will provide variable quantitative and qualitative data for validating interventions that can increase adherence to exercise guidelines during pregnancy in women with different ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds.
The purpose of this research is to study two different approaches to exercise during pregnancy that investigators believe will result in improved health for moms and babies. The investigators are trying to determine if the two types of exercise programs (supervised & home exercise) result in health improvements for moms and babies. The investigators also want to see if the tests and questionnaires used in the study can detect changes in a mom's aerobic fitness, quality of life (QOL), fatigue, sleep quality, depression, and weight change throughout pregnancy and 6-months after birth.