The hypothesis of this study was that Focal Impulse and Rotor Modulation (FIRM) guided procedures will eliminate the source of clinical arrhythmias in subjects with clinical indications for repeat AF ablation procedures.~This study is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled study to assess the safety and effectiveness of FIRM procedures followed by ablation including pulmonary vein isolation versus a standard conventional procedure including pulmonary vein isolation for the redo-treatment of persistent or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after one failed previous pulmonary vein isolation.
A prospective, multicenter, randomized study to assess the safety and effectiveness of FIRM-guided procedures in conventional redo RF ablation procedures for the treatment of persistent and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.