Endovascular intervention is considered as a first-line treatment for femoropopliteal atheromatous lesions. During the 2000s, the superiority of auto-expandable stent compared to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty had been demonstrated, in terms of effectiveness. Over the past decade, paclitaxel drug-eluting balloons or stents were successfully assessed in order to prevent intimal hyperplasia and to treat restenosis.~Nevertheless, in 2018, Katsanos and al. reported in a meta-analysis a higher risk of death at 2 and 5 years for patients treated by a paclitaxel drug-eluting balloons or stents versus non-drug-eluting devices. This study presents many limitations despite being performed as a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Since then, several studies have been conducted without any statistical trends in favor of a higher mortality in patients treated by drug-eluting stents or drug-coated balloons.~Analysis based on US or Germany databases in tens of thousands of patients has been published but individual data were unavailable. In France, there is no national report about the safety of paclitaxel drug-eluting devices prescribed in the case of endovascular femoropopliteal artery treatment. Therefore, this study aims to compare the risk of all-cause death of patients treated by paclitaxel-eluting devices versus non-drug-eluting devices in this indication at a national-scale using real-life data from SNDS.~This analysis of the SNDS database will allow (i) to identify all patients across France treated by endovascular intervention for a femoropopliteal revascularization and to know precisely the medical device used; (ii) to reduce confusion bias based on the characterization of patients thanks to their data of medical follow-up, treatment, hospitalization and LTD (long-term condition); (iii) to document their care pathway, especially drugs delivery and diagnosis associated to possible hospitalization, or to all-cause death, in order to compare the 1-, 2- and 5-years prognosis according to the medical device used.
This study aims to assess the all-cause mortality at 2 years of patients treated by a paclitaxel drug-eluting devices or non-drug-eluting devices after an endovascular femoropopliteal artery revascularization based on the French National Healthcare Data System (SNDS).