Objectives~The primary objective of the study is to further investigate whether striatal [11C]ORM-13070 uptake can be reduced by physiological and pharmacological challenges that increase the synaptic concentrations of the endogenous alpha2C-adrenoceptor agonist, noradrenaline, in the human brain.~Methodology~PET will be used to study the effects of two different noradrenaline challenges on the striatal uptake of the novel alpha2C-adrenoceptor imaging agent, [11C]ORM-13070. Each of the eight study subjects will undergo one baseline PET scan without any pretreatment and two scans with two different noradrenaline challenges: i.v. infusion of ketamine and a single oral dose of atomoxetine combined with cold pressor test. The sequence of the baseline scan and the other scans for each subject will be based on balanced randomization. Double-blind administration of the pretreatments will not be possible, but the PET scanning data will be analyzed by a person who is not aware of the treatment identity. Venous blood samples will be collected for determination of concentrations of the [11C]ORM-13070 tracer and its radioactive metabolites, the test drugs atomoxetine and ketamine, and endogenous noradrenaline as a biomarker of the employed challenges. Blood pressure and heart rate will be measured as physiological indicators of sympathetic activation. Subject safety will be monitored by vital signs, questioning and clinical observation. The binding potential of the tracer in the striatum at baseline will be compared with the tracer binding potential after each of the noradrenaline challenges.~Sample size~Eight healthy male subjects will be included in the study. Discontinued subjects may be replaced by new subjects as decided by the Principal Investigator~Duration of treatment~After the screening visit, there will be an interval of no more than 45 days before the first PET visit. Each subject will undergo 3 PET scans: a baseline PET scan, and two scans with noradrenaline challenges. The PET experiments of each subject will be separated by intervals of at least 5 days. An end-of-study visit will take place within 21 days after the last PET scan.~Assessments~Efficacy: Alpha2C-adrenoceptor occupancy in the caudate nucleus and putamen will be assessed using the PET imaging agent [11C]ORM-13070 after the administration of two noradrenaline challenges, ketamine and atomoxetine combined with the cold pressor test. Differences in striatal receptor occupancy of the tracer will be assessed using established reference tissue models and the binding potentials of the non-displaceable compartment (BPND) according to the equation: Occupancy = [(BPND bl - BPND challenge) / BPNDbl x 100%]. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations will be measured as a biochemical biomarker before and after the interventions to validate the employed noradrenaline challenges. Blood pressure and heart rate will be used as physiological biomarkers.~Safety: Vital signs, subjective symptoms and ECG will be monitored during the PET visits. Subjects will remain at the study center for a minimum of 4 h after each PET scan, after which the subject will be discharged based on clinical evaluation with a safety check list.~Pharmacokinetics: Venous blood samples will be collected for determination of concentrations of the [11C]ORM-13070 tracer and its radioactive metabolites, and the pretreatment agents atomoxetine and ketamine at pre-defined time points in order to provide information on the fraction of intact tracer in blood and to document the exposure to the pharmacological agents during the PET scans. No formal pharmacokinetic calculations will be performed.~Statistical methods:~Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics: Differences in striatal [11C]ORM-13070 uptake between the baseline condition and the different pretreatments will be considered a primary outcome variable and statistical analysis will be carried out with analysis of variance. Descriptive statistical analysis of the tracer fractions in blood during the scans and the concentrations of the employed pretreatment agents will be carried out. Demographic and other baseline data, laboratory safety determinations, physical examination, BP, HR, ECG, AEs and concomitant treatments will be summarised with descriptive statistics or listed.
The primary objective of the study is to further investigate whether striatal [11C]ORM-13070 uptake can be reduced by physiological and pharmacological challenges that increase the synaptic concentrations of noradrenaline in the human brain. Each subject will undergo 3 PET scans, a baseline PET scan and two scans with noradrenaline challenges: intravenous administration of ketamine and oral administration of atomoxetine combined with a cold pressor test where the subject's foot is placed in an 8 °C water basin. Eight healthy male subjects will be included in the study.