Study approval: The study will be submitted for approval by Research and Ethical committees at Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University.~This study will include cryopreserved sperm from infertile azoospermic men, with proven diagnosis of varicocele (clinical & sonographic), which will be used for ICSI in an ART program in Sohag .~Patients personal and medical history and socio-demographic data will be retrieved from their saved medical files.~Study design: Prospective, controlled clinical study. Control group: ICSI cases using cryopreserved sperms from infertile azoospermic men due to etiologies other than varicocele. Cases with known female factor infertility will be excluded.~Outcome Measures: fertilization rate, embryo quality, chemical pregnancy and clinical pregnancy.
This study will include cryopreserved sperm from infertile azoospermic men, with proven diagnosis of varicocele (clinical & sonographic), which will be used for ICSI in an ART program in Sohag. Patients personal and medical history and socio-demographic data will be retrieved from their saved medical files.