Quinoa is a possible alternative to wheat, corn and rice due to its high nutritional value and possible properties against cardiovascular diseases. There are some animal studies which suggest that quinoa has beneficial effects against markers of cardiovascular diseases, particularly blood lipid profile. The grain has a unique nutritional profile, with high fibre levels and a wide range of phytochemicals which may influence gut bacteria and improve gastrointestinal health.~However, the effects of quinoa on humans has rarely been investigated with just two small interventions published. These studies also showed an improvement in blood lipid profile after consuming quinoa daily. There have been no studies which have investigated the effects of quinoa on gut bacteria and gastrointestinal health. Therefore, this human dietary intervention study aims to determine the effects of quinoa consumption on markers of cardiovascular diseases, the gut microbiome and gastrointestinal health.~The study is a randomized cross-over designed dietary intervention study with 4-week study periods separated by a 4-week wash-out period. The treatment will be the daily consumption of a test bread roll containing quinoa to deliver 20g quinoa per day (one roll per day). The control will be the same amount of a refined wheat roll. Markers of cardiovascular disease risk, including fasting blood lipid profile, plasma glucose and insulin concentration, resting blood pressure will be compared at the beginning and end of each treatment period. Changes in the numbers and species of gut bacteria, and products of bacterial fermentation will be made in stool samples collected at the beginning and end of each intervention period as indicators of gastrointestinal health.
Quinoa is possible alternative to wheat, corn and rice due to its high nutritional value and possible properties against cardiovascular diseases and for improving gut health. There are some animal studies to suggest that some important class of compounds like fibre, antioxidants and protein, found naturally in quinoa, have beneficial effects against markers of cardiovascular diseases. However, the effects of quinoa on humans has rarely been investigated. This study will investigate the effects of daily consumption of quinoa for four weeks on markers of cardiovascular risk, including blood cholesterol and resting blood pressure, and on gut health in a randomised cross-over study design.