Study Rationale a high prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia has recently been characterized in obese patients and may be related to the stage of low-grade systemic inflammation associated with obesity~Control of intestinal absorption of iron is mediated by hepcidin, a small circulating peptide synthesized primarily by the liver. the synthesis of hepcidin is increased in inflammatory condition and very recently it was shown that hepcidin is expressed in adipose tissue and that its expression is increased in morbidly obese subjects~The working hypothesis is that this increase could explain the high prevalence of systemic iron depletion observed in these patients. the use of bariatric surgery is becoming more common to treat severe obesity (BMI above 35 kg / m2)~The sleeve gastrectomy, recently introduced, involves a very significant weight loss. however, its impact on iron deficiency and anemia are not known~main objective Assess the impact of the decrease in fat mass induced by surgery in obese patients on the intestinal absorption of iron (evaluated by measuring the expression of iron transporters in the duodenum~Secondary objectives:~Assess the impact of the decrease in fat mass induced by surgery in obese patients on the concentration of circulating hepcidin.~To study the correlation between the level of expression of iron transporters in the duodenum and the plasma concentration of circulating hepcidin~Search for a correlation between the level of hepcidin expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral and concentration of plasma hepcidin before surgery.~Evaluate the effects of sleeve gastrectomy surgery on haematological and iron status of obese patients.~Selection criteria for patients:~Inclusion criteria: female subjects, having a body mass index > 40 kg/m2 (or > 35 kg/m2 with comorbidity) justifies a obesity surgery, For whom the indication of obesity surgery has been laid, the collective decision is taken in consultation, as part of care between different specialty (physicians, surgeons, psychiatrists ...)~Non-inclusion criteria strictly less than age 18 years or strictly greater than 60 years, history of bariatric surgery or stomach, hepatic cytolysis (transaminases > 3n) during cancer treatment (radio or chemotherapy treatments) coefficient of transferrin saturation > 45%; known history of any of the following: hematologic disease requiring transfusions, hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease (because of known interference between metabolism of iron and copper), Chronic inflammation; Patient did not receive a medical examination; Patient did not give informed consent in writing, not affiliated with Patient Social Security or CMU ( universal health coverage) (recipient or beneficiary), known pregnancy~Number needed: 88 patients enrolled~Total duration of the study: 54 months~Duration of participation for each patient: 24 months~Duration of inclusion: 30 months~Methods:~Prospective open multicenter study cognitive. 4 visits are planned as part of this research with some specificity for the different centers.~Visit 1: Presentation of the study and obtaining consent. Visit 2: consultation with implementation of a multidisciplinary assessment of duodenal biopsies by gastroscopy, additional laboratory tests and a pregnancy test if necessary.~Visit 3: surgery (sleeve gastrectomy) with adipose tissue biopsies. Visit 4: creation of a consultation with multidisciplinary assessment of duodenal biopsies by gastroscopy and additional laboratory tests.~Examinations required specifically for research: duodenal biopsies, additional laboratory tests, biopsies of adipose tissue and pregnancy test (dipstick) for all premenopausal women (contraceptives or not).~Primary assessment criteria:~The intestinal absorption of iron will be assessed by the level of expression of iron transporters (DMT1 and ferroportin) mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) level by RT-qPCR (reverse transcription quantification polymerase chain reaction) and at the protein level by Western blot.~secondary assessment (s) criteria (s) The concentration of hepcidin plasma will be measured by ELISA in adipose tissue, the level of hepcidin expression is quantified by RT-qPCR .~The haematological will assess the presence of anemia (hemoglobin less than 12g/dl) its micro or macrocytic hemolytic and / or regenerative
Subject: Evaluation of the impact of obesity surgery by sleeve gastrectomy on intestinal iron absorption of morbid obese subjects.~Control of intestinal absorption of iron is mediated by hepcidin, which is expressed in adipose tissue and that its expression is increased in morbidly obese subjects. The working hypothesis is that this increase could explain the high prevalence of systemic iron depletion observed in obese patients.~Main objective: Assess the impact of the decrease in fat mass induced by surgery in obese patients on the intestinal absorption of iron (evaluated by measuring the expression of iron transporters in the duodenum)