The increasing use of high-fidelity simulation in France during the anesthesia curriculum is limited by the imbalance between the growing number of students and the human resources available in such a way that all residents cannot play a role during scenarios. This leads to a new situation in which not all residents can be an active participant in scenarios with some remaining observers all along the simulation sessions. Based on Kolb experiential theory, this situation should lead to a decreased knowledge acquisition. Previous studies have however provided controversial results but overall no significant differences in learning outcomes can be demonstrated between observers and participants engaged as players in scenarios.~Moreover, preliminary data suggest that learning outcomes of observers might be improved by using an observer tool during the scenario. However, no high-quality study has yet shown if this assumption is verified.~In the present study, after informed consent will be obtained, 3rd-4th year residents in anesthesia will be randomized before high fidelity scenarios to act as observers only or active participants in some scenarios and observers in others.~The main outcome parameter will be the learning outcomes by comparing data obtained before and after the sessions by using questionnaires specifically dedicated to the knowledge of technical skills in the management of crisis scenarios. In addition, self-efficacy of the simulation sessions will be explored through the responses to additional questionnaires evaluating the change in non-technical skills after the sessions.
The increasing use of high-fidelity simulation is limited by the imbalance between the growing number of students and the human resources available in such a way that all residents cannot play a role during scenarios. The learning outcomes of observers need to be studied in more depth. Previous studies have provided controversial results but overall no significant differences in learning outcomes can be demonstrated between observers and participants engaged as players in scenarios.~Moreover, preliminary data suggest that learning outcomes of observers might be improved by using an observer tool during the scenario. However, no high-quality study has yet shown if this assumption is verified.~In the present study, 3rd-4th year residents in anesthesia will be randomized before high fidelity scenarios to act as observers only or active participants in some scenarios and observers in others.~The main outcome parameter will be the learning outcomes by comparing data obtained before and after the sessions by using questionnaires specifically dedicated to the knowledge of technical skills in the management of crisis scenarios.