Scientific research into the basic mechanisms underlying neuromodulation is relatively recent and incomplete. The purpose of the proposed study is to determine how a form of neuromodulation, transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation, which is non-invasive and non-painful, affects human brain and autonomic activity. We will accomplish this by integrating whole brain functional MRI (fMRI) methodologies with gastric MRI and physiological monitoring.~This study will comprise 2 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain-gut scans and 2 behavioral visits consisting of a nutrient drink test, all while receiving the neuromodulation with varying parameters. Participants will also have their heart rate, breathing, and gastric activity monitored during all visits.
This study will determine how vagus nerve stimulation affects human brain, stomach, and autonomic activity.