The gastrointestinal tract is the body's largest lymphoid organ. Because it contains significant numbers of activated memory T lymphocytes, it is a prime site for HIV infection and amplification. Mucosal T cells are extremely vulnerable to HIV infection due, in part, to a marked increase in CCR5 co-receptors. Understanding the impact of HIV on the gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is essential and may provide insight into the profound drop in mucosal lymphocytes during early infection, persistence of tissue viral replication in the setting of undetectable plasma viral activity, and compartmentalization of HIV.~Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that the mucosal compartment in HIV uninfected individuals is characterized by features which enhance vulnerability to HIV infection compared to blood. Once infected, the mucosal response to HIV is inflammation. This study will further evaluate the inflammatory response of mucosal tissue to HIV by examining the effect of the anti-inflammatory drug 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) on the gut mucosa.~Participants in this study will be randomly assigned to receive either 5-ASA or placebo. Participants will be enrolled in the study for 8 weeks; participants may then elect to continue on 5-ASA for an additional 16 weeks. Participants will have four screening visits in the month prior to beginning the study and four study visits during the 8-week study. Assessments will include medical interviews and physical exams, sigmoidoscopy with mucosal biopsy, and blood tests.
The lining of the gastrointestinal tract contains specialized lymphoid tissue that is part of the immune system. Like other parts of the immune system, HIV attacks this lymphoid tissue. This study will evaluate the effect of an anti-inflammatory drug on the lymphoid tissue in the gastrointestinal tracts of people with HIV.