The investigators propose to develop and pilot test heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) for smokers with elevated emotional distress as an adjunct to individual smoking cessation counseling (SCT) and transdermal nicotine patch (NRT). In this open trial, all participants received the active intervention. Findings will be used to refine the protocol in advance of a subsequent Phase III randomized clinical trial.
Open trial of heart rate variability biofeedback as an adjunct to individualized smoking cessation counseling (SCT) plus transdermal nicotine replacement patch (NRT) in smokers with elevated emotional distress.