Background:~Over 80% of the hemophiliac population who became infected with HIV prior to 1985 are also co-infected with HCV. Thus, hemophiliacs represent an important population for studies of the natural history of these chronic viral infections.~Moreover, the high rate of co-infection makes it an ideal group for assessing the interaction between the viruses and the relationship between viral specific immune responses and clinical progression.~Although the hemophiliac poulation is unique, co-infection by these chronic viral pathogens is becoming increasingly common, particularly amongst intravenous drug users, who account for approximately 25% of the HIV-1 epidemic in the United States.~Objectives:~The aim of this study is to determine if polymorphism in the promoter region of TH1 and Th2 cytokines are associated with (1) intracellular cytokines levels in CD4 + Tcells, (2) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) viral loads, and (3) clinical progression of HIV1 to AIDS in hemophiliacs.~Eligibility:~The current proposal will investigate host genetic factors related to HIV-1 and HCV immunopathogenesis by studying children and adolescents enrolled in the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study (HGDS).~Design:~This study is in collaboration with the principle investigators of the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study (HGDS) as part of a grant Pathogenesis of HIV and HCV in Hemophilia: HGDS-3 with funding support by NIH/NICHD for the period 9/25/01 through 8/31/2005.~This multicenter, United States study represents a well-characterized, prospectively followed cohort of HCV-infected hemophiliacs, of whom 207 are HIV-1 co-infected.~Enrollment of the hemophiliac cohort was completed between 3/89 and 6/90. The final observation of the cohort (follow-up 16) was concluded during 7/98. No new samples or clinical data will be collected on this population.~The LGD plays two roles in this project: (1) an administrative role overseeing the withdrawal, handling, and transport of samples from the HGDS/LGD and central repositories at the NCI-Frederick, and (2) a scientific role continuing investigations to determine the role of host genetic factors in Th1 and Th2 immune response and regulation of HCV and HIV viral replication..
Background:~Over 80% of the hemophiliac population who became infected with HIV prior to 1985 are also co-infected with HCV. Thus, hemophiliacs represent an important population for studies of the natural history of these chronic viral infections.~Moreover, the high rate of co-infection makes it an ideal group for assessing the interaction between the viruses and the relationship between viral specific immune responses and clinical progression.~Although the hemophiliac poulation is unique, co-infection by these chronic viral pathogens is becoming increasingly common, particularly amongst intravenous drug users, who account for approximately 25% of the HIV-1 epidemic in the United States.~Objectives:~The aim of this study is to determine if polymorphism in the promoter region of TH1 and Th2 cytokines are associated with (1) intracellular cytokines levels in CD4 + Tcells, (2) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) viral loads, and (3) clinical progression of HIV1 to AIDS in hemophiliacs.~Eligibility:~The current proposal will investigate host genetic factors related to HIV-1 and HCV immunopathogenesis by studying children and adolescents enrolled in the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study (HGDS).~Design:~This study is in collaboration with the principle investigators of the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study (HGDS) as part of a grant Pathogenesis of HIV and HCV in Hemophilia: HGDS-3 with funding support by NIH/NICHD for the period 9/25/01 through 8/31/2005.~This multicenter, United States study represents a well-characterized, prospectively followed cohort of HCV-infected hemophiliacs, of whom 207 are HIV-1 co-infected.~Enrollment of the hemophiliac cohort was completed between 3/89 and 6/90. The final observation of the cohort (follow-up 16) was concluded during 7/98. No new samples or clinical data will be collected on this population.~The LGD plays two roles in this project: (1) an administrative role overseeing the withdrawal, handling, and transport of samples from the HGDS/LGD and central repositories at the NCI-Frederick, and (2) a scientific role continuing investigations to determine the role of host genetic factors in Th1 and Th2 immune response and regulation of HCV and HIV viral replication..