Background and objective:~Currently the most widely prescribed long term anticoagulant drugs are anti vitamin K agents (AVK). They should be used with caution because they are drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range: the difference between the effective dose and toxic dose is small. Their use thus requires careful laboratory monitoring. They can cause bleeding complications in the case of overdose. The AVKs have two antidotes: Vitamin K and prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC). These reverse the anticoagulant effect.~In recent years, new types of anticoagulants have been marketed in particular Rivaroxaban (Xarelto ®) and Dabigatran (Pradaxa ®). The way they act is different from that of AVK. They have the advantage of having a wider therapeutic range. Their use is therefore easier. They do not require such regular monitoring. However, currently, no antidote has been evaluated to reverse the effect of these anticoagulants in case of emergency.~The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the effect of the two new anticoagulants can be reversed by non-specific and specific inhibitors. For Dabigatran we will test the non-specific inhibitors prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC), recombinant activated coagulation factor VII, and activated prothrombin complex (FEIBA). For Rivaroxaban we will test a specific Rivaroxaban decoy (FXa-GLAless). This will be done in a laboratory using blood plasma from healthy volunteers.~Methods:~This is a proof of concept, single centre, randomized, open, controlled, cross-over,phase IV study involving 10 healthy volunteers Each volunteer will be asked to attend an enrolment visit in which they will be given information about the study and asked to sign a written consent form. They will have an electrocardiogram test, their blood pressure and pulse will be measured, their medical history noted, and samples of blood and of urine will be taken.~At the second visit they will be given one dose of either Rivaroxaban (20mg) or of Dabigatran (150mg), allocated randomly, and 5 samples of blood (in total 67.5mL)will be taken over a period of 4 hours via a catheter. The blood samples will be immediately centrifuged and frozen.~At the 3rd visit, 15 days later, the volunteer will have a medical examination prior to taking the other drug. This visit will then follow the same procedure as the 2nd visit.~At the 4th visit a medical examination will be made and blood and urine samples taken.~Plasma samples will be analysed and challenged with the inhibitors in the biochemistry and haematology departments of Grenoble University Hospital.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the effect of the two new anticoagulants, Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban, can be reversed by non-specific and specific inhibitors. For Dabigatran the investigators will test the non-specific inhibitors: prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC), recombinant activated coagulation factor VII, and activated prothrombin-complex (FEIBA). For Rivaroxaban the investigators will test a specific Rivaroxaban decoy (FXa-GLAless). This will be done in a laboratory using blood plasma from healthy male volunteers.