The overall objective of the proposed research is to create and disseminate expert-based recommendations for perioperative medication safety that are tailored to country income level, using the World Bank's four country income groups: high, upper-middle, lower-middle, and low income. The proposed project will include the entire medication use process (ordering, dispensing, preparing, administering, documenting and monitoring). The specific aims of the research are to:~Develop consensus-based perioperative medication safety recommendations. Approach: This study will use the extensively studied RAND-UCLA Delphi Method to achieve consensus, with an expert panel consisting of anesthesiologists, surgeons, nurses and medication safety experts from each of the World Bank's four country income groups.~Prioritize the recommendations by their level of clinical importance for implementation in high, upper-middle, lower-middle and low income countries, and disseminate the recommendations. Approach: The expert panel members will rank each recommendation by its importance as a next step in improving medication safety in each country income group. A Condorcet ranking method will be used to combine individual rankings into a single list of recommendations ranked by the importance of implementation for each country income group. The investigators will then execute a comprehensive dissemination strategy.~Evaluate the initial adoption of the recommendations in each country income group. Approach: The investigators will conduct qualitative, one-on-one, semi-structured interviews of the expert panel members, to evaluate their perceptions of initial adoption of the recommendations in each country income group. A grounded theory approach will be used to identify common themes.
The purpose of the proposed research is to create and disseminate expert-based recommendations for perioperative medication safety that are tailored to country income level, using the World Bank's four country income groups: high, upper-middle, lower-middle, and low income. The specific aims of the research are to: 1) Develop consensus-based perioperative medication safety recommendations, 2) Prioritize the recommendations by their level of clinical importance for implementation in high, upper-middle, lower-middle and low income countries, and disseminate the recommendations; and 3) Evaluate the initial adoption of the recommendations in each country income group.