OBJECTIVE:~To evaluate if a long acting injectable form of risperidone offers clinical advantages over comparison oral second generation antipsychotic agents following titration and stabilization in bipolar subjects. In keeping with current practice, it is expected the vast majority of patients will also be receiving either lithium or valproate or other anticonvulsants. Following the stabilization phase several clinical events will be evaluated for up to 15 months in the two treatment groups to examine differences in clinical outcomes between those receiving the injectable versus oral medicines.~RESEARCH PLAN:~We intend to recruit 50 consenting adult subjects with DSM-IV TR diagnoses of bipolar disorder who are about to initiate or to switch their antipsychotic agent. Patients will be titrated and cross-tapered during a 3 month titration and stabilization phase. Those who transition successfully and show some improvement will be followed for an additional 12 months. Clinical outcomes such as study drop out, adverse events, worsening of symptoms, crisis interventions, need for additional medication, hospitalizations etc. will be evaluated from months 3 to 15. The numbers of clinical events (pooled) will be used to evaluate if the long acting injectable form of risperidone has an advantage over the oral second generation antipsychotic agents in terms of treatment continuity and clinical stability.~METHODS:~An open design, but treatment to either the long acting risperidone or to the oral second generation antipsychotic agents is randomly assigned. A board independent of the day-to-day clinical events will code the primary clinical outcomes of interest without knowledge of treatment assignment. The board will be provided clinical summaries of these events without revealing the treatment assignment.~SIGNIFICANCE:~The use of a long acting injectable second generation antipsychotic agent may offer advantages of treatment continuity and adherence in bipolar patients permitting improved clinical stability and improved psychosocial and functional outcomes. Such stability is difficult to achieve in the face of frequent treatment discontinuations seen with oral agents. The improved tolerability of the second generation antipsychotic agents may change the perception of long acting injections. For instance, these agents are likely to be more acceptable to patients, families and clinicians and therefore likely be used much sooner in the treatment algorithms of bipolar patients than in the past. This study will provide a treatment effect size to statistically power future comparisons of long-acting injectable vs. oral antipsychotic agents in persons with bipolar disorder
We recruited 50 consenting adult subjects with DSM-IV TR diagnoses of bipolar disorder who were about to initiate or switch their current antipsychotic agent. Only 48 patients (23 in the risperidone LAI group and 25 in the oral AAP group) contributed data to the assessments. Patients were titrated and cross-tapered during a 3 month titration and stabilization phase. They were followed for an additional 12 months. Clinical outcomes such as study drop out, adverse events, worsening of symptoms, crisis interventions, need for additional medication, hospitalizations etc. were evaluated from months 3 to 15. The numbers of clinical events (pooled) will be used to evaluate if the long acting injectable form of risperidone has an advantage over the oral second generation antipsychotic agents in terms of treatment continuity and clinical stability.