Heart failure (HF) is a common disease and its syndrome is difficult to diagnose. HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF) may be diagnosed based on impaired LVEF (<50%). However, diagnosis of HF with normal ejection fraction (HFNEF) is mainly based on the presence of signs and symptoms.~Central to diagnosis of HF is estimation of intra-cardiac pressure, which can only be obtained from invasive catheterization.~This proposed study aim to:~Determine intra-LV pressure-time profile non-invasively using recently developed echo Doppler VFM analysis and applanation tonometry and myocardial elastic properties, in HF subjects (both HFNEF and HFREF) compared to normal volunteers.~Correlate calculated intra-LV pressure parameters with NT ProBNP levels.
This proposed study aim to:~Determine intra-LV pressure-time profile non-invasively using recently developed echo Doppler VFM analysis and applanation tonometry and myocardial elastic properties, in HF subjects (both HFNEF and HFREF) compared to normal volunteers.~Correlate calculated intra-LV pressure parameters with NT ProBNP levels.