Protocol title: An open-label study to assess safety and efficacy of SZC in paediatric patients with hyperkalaemia Rationale: Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate has been shown to be effective and safe in adults for the treatment of hyperkalaemia, and therefore it is expected to be beneficial in children. This study will evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate for the treatment of hyperkalaemia in children <18 years of age. Primary Objective: Correction phase (CP) primary objective: To evaluate the ability to achieve normokalaemia during the CP when initiating treatment with SZC of different dose levels (DLs) in children with hyperkalaemia 28-day Maintenance Phase (MP) primary objective: To evaluate the ability to maintain normokalaemia during the MP when continuing SZC treatment in children achieving normokalaemia Secondary Objectives: All phases secondary objective: To evaluate the change in S-K+ in children treated with SZC MP secondary objectives: To evaluate change in serum aldosterone levels in children treated with SZC during the MP To evaluate change in serum electrolytes (including bicarbonate), spot urinary pH and urinary electrolytes levels in children treated with SZC during the MP Long-term MP (LTMP) secondary objectives: To evaluate the ability of maintaining normokalaemia in children treated with SZC during the LTMP Safety Objective: Endpoint/Variable: To evaluate the safety and tolerability of SZC in the 3 phases (CP, MP, and LTMP) Tertiary/Exploratory: To evaluate the acceptability and palatability of SZC through the study Overall design: This is a Phase 3, international, multi-centre, open-label study assessing different doses of SZC. The population to be studied is hyperkalaemic children < 18 years. Dosing will mirror the regimen approved for adults using body weight equivalent doses. Enrolment will start in 2 cohorts, ages 6 to < 12 years and 12 to < 18 years. After review of accumulated data, the independent Data Monitoring Committee (iDMC) will determine whether to open enrolment in the ages 2 to < 6 years cohort and later in the ages 0 to < 2 years cohort. The study will be conducted in approximately 8 countries and 46 sites. All eligible participants with hyperkalaemia will enter an open-label Correction Phase (CP) receiving a fixed dose of SZC three times daily (TID) for up to 3 days until normokalaemia is achieved. Within each age cohorts 2 to < 18 years, initial participants will be allocated to the dose level (DL) 5 g TID. After approval of higher DLs by the iDMC, subsequent participants may be allocated in the CP to 10 g TID and then potentially 15 g TID. All participants in the ages 0 to < 2 years cohort will be assigned to the same DL which will be decided based on data from older age cohorts. Participants who successfully achieve normokalaemia in the CP will enter a 28-day open-label Maintenance Phase (MP), which will be initiated with once daily administration of the dose received TID in the CP. During MP, the Investigator is able to titrate the dose up or down in the range 2.5 g to 15 g body weight equivalent to maintain normokalaemia. The MP is followed by the option for participants to continue the study in an open-label long-term maintenance phase (LTMP) where the same titration regimen is used as in MP, but with monthly visits. Study period: Estimated date of first participant enrolled Q4 2018 Estimated date of last participant completed 29 December 2023 Number of participants: This study aims to enrol a total of approximately 140 participants with hyperkalaemia (defined as two screening serum potassium [S-K+] values > 5.0 mmol/L [for the ages 2 to < 18 years cohort] or > 6.0 mmol/L [for the ages 0 to < 2 years cohort]). Of these, approximately 85 participants will have moderate to severe hyperkalaemia (defined as baseline S-K+ > 5.5 mmol/L). Enrolment will continue until at least 54 participants with moderate to severe hyperkalaemia have entered the MP and 45 participants with moderate to severe hyperkalaemia have completed the MP. A maximum of 55 participants with mild hyperkalaemia (defined as S-K+ between 5.0 and 5.5 mmol/L) will be enrolled. In addition, there are minimum requirements for participants in each age cohort Duration: Study duration is approximately 28 weeks including up to 3 days of correction treatment, followed by maintenance treatment for 28 days, and a LTMP for up to 22 weeks. All participants will also have a 1-week safety follow-up. Treatments and treatment duration: Treatment will include 3 phases: the CP, MP, and LTMP. All age cohorts are eligible to participate in all phases of the study. The 3 treatment phases are specified below: Correction phase (CP): All eligible participants with hyperkalaemia will enter an open-label Correction Phase (CP) receiving a fixed dose of SZC three times daily (TID) for up to 3 days until normokalaemia is achieved. Within each age cohorts 2 to < 18 years, initial participants will be allocated to the dose level (DL) 5 g TID. After approval of higher DLs by the iDMC, subsequent participants may be allocated in the CP to 10 g TID and then potentially 15 g TID. All participants in the ages 0 to < 2 years cohort will be assigned to the same DL which will be decided based on data from older age cohorts. Maintenance phase (MP): Participants who successfully achieve normokalaemia in the CP will enter a 28-day open-label Maintenance Phase (MP), which will be initiated with once daily administration of the dose received TID in the CP. During MP, the Investigator is able to titrate the dose up or down in the range 2.5 g to 15 g body weight equivalent to maintain normokalaemia. Long term Maintenance Phase (LTMP): For participants who, at the end of MP, are normokalaemic or hyperkalaemic without being on maximum dose, the MP is followed by the option to continue the study in an open-label long term maintenance phase (LTMP) where the same titration regimen is used as in MP. Data Monitoring Committee: The iDMC will decide on the opening of dose levels during the CP after reviewing all available data. Additionally, iDMC will determine whether and when enrolment in the ages 0 to < 6 years cohorts will begin, and will also evaluate emerging safety data during all phases of the study. Statistical methods Objectives will be evaluated based on analysis populations corresponding to each study phase. Analysis sets are defined for each phase as the set of all participants who transitioned from previous phase and who received at least one dose of SZC during the phase. Primary assessments of the primary objectives, the probability to achieve and maintain normokalaemia when treated with SZC, will be based on point estimates together with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from generalised linear models (repeated measures model for the MP). The secondary objective of change in S-K+ over time will be evaluated using a repeated measures linear model. Additional analyses, including analyses for other secondary objectives, will be done descriptively. In general, data will be analysed in the total analysis population, within each age cohort and, for the CP, within adult body weight equivalent dose-level, as appropriate. An interim read-out may be conducted
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate has been shown to be effective and safe in adults for the treatment of hyperkalaemia, and therefore it is expected to be beneficial in children. This study will evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate for the treatment of hyperkalaemia in children <18 years of age. Approximately 140 participants will be enrolled at approximately 46 sites in locations including but not limited to Europe and North America for this study. Treatment will include 3 phases: the CP, MP, and LTMP. Enrolment will start in 2 cohorts, ages 6 to < 12 years and 12 to < 18 years. After review of accumulated data, the independent Data Monitoring Committee (iDMC) will determine whether to open enrolment in the ages 2 to < 6 years cohort and later in the ages 0 to < 2 years cohort. All eligible participants with hyperkalaemia will enter an open-label Correction Phase (CP) receiving a fixed dose of SZC three times daily (TID) for up to 3 days until normokalaemia is achieved. Within each age cohorts 2 to < 18 years, initial participants will be allocated to the dose level (DL) 5 g TID. After approval of higher DLs by the iDMC, subsequent participants may be allocated in the CP to 10 g TID and then potentially 15 g TID. All participants in the ages 0 to < 2 years cohort will be assigned to the same DL which will be decided based on data from older age cohorts. Participants who successfully achieve normokalaemia in the CP will enter a 28-day open-label Maintenance Phase (MP), which will be initiated with once daily administration of the dose received TID in the CP. During MP, the Investigator is able to titrate the dose up or down in the range 2.5 g to 15 g body weight equivalent to maintain normokalaemia. For participants who, at the end of MP, are normokalaemic or hyperkalaemic without being on maximum dose, the MP is followed by the option to continue the study in an open-label long term maintenance phase (LTMP) where the same titration regimen is used as in MP.