Pancreatoduodenectomy (Whipple surgery) is a complex surgical procedure and has been accepted as the gold standard treatment for resectable lesions of the pancreatic head and periampullary region.To date, how surgeons can safely pass the learning curve of laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) without potentially harming patients remains a question. Around this topic, the investigators designed real-world study in a single center to retrospectively collect the PD surgeries since July 2014. The investigators aimed to find out whether the minimally invasive surgery is safe and feasible for resectable lesions located in the pancreatic head and periampullary region. And the investigators also want to find out patients with what kind of characteristic can be benefit from the minimally invasive surgery compared with the open approach. Besides, the investigators also want to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients and perioperative outcomes of LPD procedures and aimed to develop and validate a difficulty scoring system for patient selection which could help facilitate a comprehensive and security understanding of LPD for surgeon during different stage of the learning curve.
This is a single, retrospective, real-world study to investigate the surgical outcomes of minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy and open pancreatoduodenectomy, with the perioperative characteristics and long-term overall survival being compared. The investigators aimed to find out whether the minimally invasive surgery is safe and feasible for resectable lesions located in the pancreatic head and periampullary region. And the investigators also want to find out patients with what kind of characteristic can be benefit from the minimally invasive surgery compared with the open approach.