Early exposure to general anesthesia is associated long-term neurocognitive and behavioral abnormalities. However the impact of obstetric and perinatal exposure to anaesthesia and analgesia on long term neurocognitive outcomes in the absence of concurrent events (e.g. fetal hypoxia) is unknown. We aim to determine the impact of perinatal exposure to anaesthesia and analgesia on neurocognitive outcomes in early childhood by analyzing information already obtained from the local prospective observational cohort study: Growing up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO). GUSTO is a large prospective cohort trial currently conducted in Singapore examining maternal and neonatal outcomes including metabolic, psychological and developmental outcomes.~Information on infants' neurocognitive outcomes up to 24 months old are already available and we will correlate these outcomes to~The infants' perinatal exposure to anaesthesia and analgesia, as obtained from hospital records, and~Maternal anxiety and depression, as observed from analysis of questionnaires already available from GUSTO.~We hypothesize that:~Perinatal exposure to anaesthesia and analgesia is associated with poorer neurocognitive outcomes at 6, 18, 24 and 36 months.~Maternal anxiety and depression during the antenatal and post-partum period is associated with poorer neurocognitive outcomes at 6, 18 24 and 36 months.
This study aims to determine the impact of perinatal exposure to anaesthesia and analgesia on neurocognitive outcomes in early childhood by analyzing neurocognitive data already obtained from the local prospective observational cohort study: Growing up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO).~We hypothesize that:~Perinatal exposure to anaesthesia and analgesia is associated with poorer neurocognitive outcomes at 6, 18, 24 and 36 months.~Maternal anxiety and depression during the antenatal and post-partum period is associated with poorer neurocognitive outcomes at 6, 18 24 and 36 months.