The investigators hypothesize:~That treatment of 5th metatarsal non-union fracture with PEMF will achieve earlier resolution and/or higher success compared to surgery alone of 5th metatarsal non-union fractures.~PEMF will stimulate increased expression of critical growth factors (i.e. BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-7 as well as TGFb, IGF-1, FGF-2 and VEGF) at the non-union site to facilitate osseous healing of 5th metatarsal non-union fractures.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of PEMF in surgical reconstruction of 5th metatarsal non-union fractures.