This study will be a randomized controlled trial. This study will be conducted in cardiac surgery department at Faisalabad institute of cardiology. sample size will be 44including both male and female. Non- probability purposive sampling technique will be used.~Modified healthy heart questionnaire will be used as a screening tool. Baseline, Preoperative at week 4 and postoperatively before discharge at week 5 assessment will be done by 6-minute walk test. Subjects in group A (interventional group) will be treated using segmental breathing exercises combined with Conventional Treatment (deep breathing exercise ) and the group B (control group) will be treated with only conventional treatment. Group-A (interventional group) will receive segmental breathing exercises for one month 5 days a week and 2 sessions per day for 15 minutes for each patient. conventional treatment will be for one month 5 days a week 10 to 15 repetitions of deep breathing exercise 2times a day. Dyspnea will be checked baseline, preoperatively at week 4and postoperatively at week 5 by modified Borg scale. Quality of life will be checked baseline, preoperatively at week 4and postoperatively before discharge at week 5 by SF-12 Questionnaire. Outcome variables will be 6MWT, dyspnea, quality of life, oxygen saturation, heart rate, blood pressure , oxygen therapy and icu stay . Data will be analyzed on SPSS-25.~A study found that different evidence show different conclusions about the post op poor cardiopulmonary health. Impaired pulmonary function is common in cardiac patients. It was found that pulmonary impairment is more frequent after cardiac surgery than after other major surgical procedures. breathing techniques like diaphragmatic breathing, segmental breathing help in reducing post op complications.~A study evaluated the effects of stretching combined with breathing exercise on hemodynamic and oxygenation changes in CABG patients. According to the findings, combined stretching-breathing exercise improved heart rate and arterial blood oxygenation in CABG patients, which can help patients recover faster as part of a rehabilitation program.~A study suggested that post-operative pulmonary impairment is common in the early period after cardiac surgery. Preoperative inspiratory muscle training which include incentive spirometry (IS), diaphragmatic breathing exercises and segmental breathing exercises (apical costal expansion exercises, lateral costal expansion exercises, posterior costal expansion exercises) result in improved inspiratory muscle power and better alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients.~A Single blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted that had evaluated the effect of preoperative breathing exercises on the incidence of atelectasis and hypoxemia inpatient candidate for CABG was examined. Arterial blood gases and atelectasis were compared between groups. Study concluded that Preoperative breathing exercise does not reduce pulmonary complications in patients undergoing CABG.~More research findings have indicated that PT may have a positive impact on cardiovascular injuries. A study was conducted in which it was found that it is beneficial for patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Segmental breathing exercises were introduced in patient of coronary artery bypass graft. Segmental breathing exercises improve quality of life and reduces pain.~In the preoperative and postoperative settings, chest physiotherapy improve tolerance of the surgical procedure, increased ability to clear secretions, and decreased work of breathing as a result of improvement in diaphragmatic function in a study. Chest physiotherapy consisted of diaphragmatic, pursed lip, segmental breathing exercise, usage of incentive spirometry, coughing exercise contribute to improved pulmonary hygiene and a decreased incidence of postoperative pneumonia.~Chest physiotherapy is the fundamental component in post-operative physiotherapy. This study will specify the preferable technique for early prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications. As there are few literatures available regarding effects of segmental breathing so this study will put a positive impact on society.
To determine the effects of preoperative segmental breathing exercise on postoperative pulmonary complications in patients awaiting coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).~This study will be a randomized controlled trial. This study will be conducted in cardiac surgery department at Faisalabad institute of cardiology. sample size will be 44including both male and female. Non- probability purposive sampling technique will be used.~Modified healthy heart questionnaire will be used as a screening tool. Baseline, Preoperative at week 4 and postoperatively before discharge at week 5 assessment will be done by 6-minute walk test. Subjects in group A (interventional group) will be treated using segmental breathing exercises combined with Conventional Treatment (deep breathing exercise ) and the group B (control group) will be treated with only conventional treatment. Group-A (interventional group) will receive segmental breathing exercises for one month 5 days a week and 2 sessions per day for 15 minutes for each patient. conventional treatment will be for one month 5 days a week 10 to 15 repetitions of deep breathing exercise 2times a day. Dyspnea will be checked basekline,preoperatively at week 4and postoperatively at week5 by modified Borg scale. Quality of life will be checked baseline ,preoperatively at week 4 and postoperatively before discharge at week 5by SF-12 Questionnaire. Outcome variables will be 6MWT, dyspnea, quality of life, oxygen saturation, heart rate, blood pressure , oxygen therapy and lcu stay. Data will be analyzed on SPSS-25.