Soft tissue biopsies obtained from clinically healthy gingiva, healthy peri-implant mucosa, Stage III Grade C periodontitis lesions and peri-implantitis lesions will be evaluated.~Healthy peri-implant samples are obtained from submerged implants during exposure surgery. Healthy gingiva samples are obtained from individuals receiving crown lengthening, gingivectomy or tooth extraction as excess tissue during the corresponding treatment. Samples from peri-implantitis and periodontitis (pocket depth ≥6 mm, bleeding on probing+) are obtained during initial periodontal treatment / debridement procedure with a single stroke at the pocket wall.~The samples will be grinded and ultrasonicated. Western blotting will be used for determination of CD80, CD163 and CD206 in biopsy specimens. ImageJ will be used for intensity analysis of the bands.
Macrophage surface markers (CD80, CD163 and CD206) will be evaluated in periodontally healthy gingiva, healthy peri-implant mucosa, and periodontitis and peri-implantitis lesions.