Objective: To evaluate individual MS lesions and their growth during a total of 10 year follow-up after initial positron emission tomography (PET) -imaging with PK11195 or TMSX radioligands.~Background: Focal inflammatory lesions in the white and grey matter of the central nervous system represent the best characterized pathological phenomena of MS disease. Some MS lesions slowly expand over time. Neuropathological studies have detected inflammatory rim formed by activated microglia cells around some MS lesions and it has been suggested that the presence of the inflammatory rim could predict lesion expansion. Our hypothesis is that the lesions with higher TSPO or TMSX radioligand binding at the initial PET scan will expand more during the total of 10-year follow up compared to those lesions with lower radioligand binding. This longitudinal follow-up study will provide a more complete picture of the association of the innate immune cell activation, lesion growth and disease progression.~Study population: The research will recruit approximately 100 MS-patients who have taken part to our previous PET-imaging MS studies in Turku PET centre. The research interventions will consist of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, blood sampling, clinical neurological evaluation and patient-reported outcome measures (filling forms).
The purpose of this study is to assess whether increased microglial activation (measured using TSPO-PET) at lesion rim is associated with more rapid lesion growth during 10 year follow up.