Hearing impairment is highly prevalent and independently associated with cognitive decline. Little is known about the various types, degrees, and configurations of hearing loss and how it relates to uptake of a hearing intervention and possible long-term benefits of using the intervention. The purpose of this study is to investigate the comparative effectiveness within an observational study design to determine the long-term effects of hearing intervention, in the form of osseointegrated devices (OID), among patients with either conductive, mixed, or single-sided hearing loss. Participants will be followed for 3 years (36 months) to answer the following aims:~Aim 1: To compare the effect of OID intervention versus no audiological intervention on rates of decline in global cognitive function (primary outcome measure) in 18-85 year-old well-functioning and cognitively-normal older adults with hearing loss. We hypothesize that there will be a significant difference in cognitive function between patients that utilized OID hearing intervention compared to no audiological intervention.~Secondary Aims: To compare the effect of OID intervention on secondary outcomes of hearing, social, mental, physical, and cognitive functioning. We hypothesize that there are significant differences in secondary outcomes between patients that utilized OID hearing intervention compared to no audiological intervention.
The primary objective of the study is to evaluate OID hearing intervention on cognition among patients who could vs. do utilize an OID. We will also evaluate the long-term effects of OID use on secondary outcomes measures (hearing performance, quality-of-life, social interaction, communication, physical functioning, etc)