Single center, double-blind, randomized controlled cross-over trial with four treatments and four time points.~The study has three primary objectives. The first primary objective is to confirm the in a previous study shown reduction of postprandial glycemic and insulinemic response after consumption of 500 ml glucose-free apple juice compared to 500 ml untreated apple juice.~The second primary objective is to show the reduction of postprandial glycemic response after consumption of 250 ml glucose-free apple juice compared to 250 ml untreated apple juice.~The third primary objective is to show the reduction of insulinemic response after consumption of 250 ml glucose-free apple juice compared to 250 ml untreated apple juice.~Secondary objectives include safety aspects, specifically the occurrence of diarrhoea in all four treatment groups, differences between treatment groups on the Bristol Stool Forms Scale, gastro-intestinal symptoms and laboratory parameters. In addition, gluconate excretion and excreted portion of ingested gluconate are of interest as well as faecal pH.
Single center, double-blind, randomized controlled cross-over trial with four treatments and four time points.~The study has three primary objectives. The first primary objective is to confirm the reduction of postprandial glycemic and insulinemic response after consumption of 500 ml glucose-free apple juice compared to 500 ml untreated apple juice as could be shown in a previous study