The combination therapy of anti-angiogenic agents and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies had shown potent anti-tumor efficacy for unresectable or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the treatment options were limited when patients were failed the combination therapies. Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) had shown potent anti-tumor efficacy with an acceptable safety profile as a first-line treatment for patients with intermediated-stage or advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, the investigators aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HAIC were used in the late-line setting, i.e., after the failure of combination therapy with anti-angiogenic agents and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies.
There are limited treatment options for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who failed to the combination therapy with targeted agents plus anti-PD-1/PD-L1. Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) had shown potent antitumor effects in single-centered studies when was used as first-line therapy. However, HAIC was not used as second or third-line therapy.