Periodontally healthy (H), periodontitis, and periodontitis with diabetes patients, were recruited for this study.~Inclusion criteria for H groups: Individuals with clinically healthy gingiva, no attachment and bone loss, and less than 10% bleeding on probing were included.~Inclusion criteria for periodontitis groups: Systemically healthy individuals with interdental CAL ≥ 5 mm and PPD ≥ 6 mm were included.~Inclusion criteria for periodontitis with diabetes groups: Type 2 diabetes patients with interdental CAL ≥ 5 mm, PPD ≥ 6 mm, and HbA1c ≥ 6.5% were included.~The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), presence of bleeding on probing (BOP), PD, and clinical AL were used for clinical periodontal assessments. All assessments were done with a manual probe. GCF samples were obtained and analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder. There is a bidirectional association between periodontal disease and DM. Currently there is no data relationship between CSF-1 and IL-34, periodontal disease and diabetes.The aim of this study to investigate GCF levels of IL-34 and CSF-1 in periodontitis subjects with diabetes.