Double J stents are ureteral catheters that allow urine to flow from the kidney without difficulty. These catheters protect the ureterovesical anastomosis of a renal transplant or reduce the postoperative oedema, for example after stone removal by ureteroscopy. These catheters are removed in an outpatient setting under local anaesthesia. Post ablation infections of double J catheters have been poorly studied but their incidence varied according to the populations and the definition used (10 to 54% for colonization, 1 to 10% for symptomatic infection). The national and international guidelines advocate a routine urine bacterial culture (UBC) before double J catheter removal as the procedure is in contact with urine; but there is no evidence of its interest. In case of positivity of this culture, it is recommended to delay the intervention or, what is more often chosen, to treat with antibiotic to cover the procedure. Investigators can thus ask 2 questions: is it rightful to withdraw a double J removal while the UBC is falsely negative and in case of a positive bacterial culture is there an increased risk of post-ablation infection?
The value of cytobacteriological examination of urine (CBEU) before double J catheter removal has not been demonstrated. The aim of this study is to define the interest of this CBEU.