Well-trained pain physicians performs all US-guided stellate ganglion block(SGB)s or US-guided thoracic paravertebrl block(TPVB)s, who is not involved in evaluating study variables. Electrocardiography, noninvasive blood pressure, heart rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation were monitored for all patients before, while, and after conducting procedure.~For US-guided SGB, patients are supine positioned, and skin preparation on injection site is done with chlorohexidine. Procedure is conducted under ultrasound guidance at C6 level. 6ml of 1% mepivacaine is injected for the SGB group. Syringes are prepared by one nurse who do not involved in other steps of this study.~For US-guided TPVB, patients are prone positioned, and skin preparation on injection site is done with chlorohexidine. Procedure is conducted under ultrasound guidance at T2 paravertebral space. 10ml of 1% mepivacaine is injected for the TPVB group. Syringes are prepared by one nurse who do not involved in other steps of this study.~Temperature measurement is conducted 2 times (before US-guided SGB or TPVB and after 20 minutes) at both hands by one person who's not involved in other measuring in the study.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) when performing sympathetic block for upper limb pain control.