At least 60% of those with AUD will experience a major relapse period within 6 months of treatment, irrespective of the intervention (psychosocial and/or pharmacological) employed. Consequently, the high prevalence of AUD and relapse following treatment in Veterans is associated with substantial resource allocation and costs for the VA Health Care System. Current pharmacological and psychosocial interventions demonstrate only a moderate level of efficacy, which is reflected in the high rate of relapse in AUD.~TMS is a neurostimulation method that is at the forefront of innovative, non-invasive, and safe treatments for AUD, and other psychiatric disorders. To reduce the high rate of relapse in Veterans with AUD, it is necessary for interventions to more effectively address the associated neurobiological dysfunction. Non-invasive neuromodulation techniques are showing promise toward the aim of modifying specific and selective neural targets related to AUD and relapse. However, device-based interventions to date for AUD have focused on cortical stimulation. In contrast, preclinical and clinical studies, including our research team's preliminary data, suggest that subcortical nodes within the salience network could be promising novel neuromodulation targets. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is a core node of the salience network, and hence the target of this proposal. Deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) is one type of neuromodulation technique, and utilizing an H7 coil design can reach the dACC. Monitoring periodically throughout the first 6 months following treatment is crucial, given relapse within the first 6 months of treatment is robustly related to poor psychosocial functioning over the ensuing 1-3 years. The ultimate goal of this proposal is to provide treatment that more effectively promotes sustained abstinence in the Veteran with AUD, as extended abstinence is robustly associated with optimum biomedical, neuropsychological, psychiatric, and psychosocial recovery and functioning.
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) as a treatment for Veterans with an alcohol use disorder (AUD).