Study 1:~After being informed about the study and potential risks, written informed consent will be obtained from all subjects involved in the study. Respondents will be interviewed at Nutritional Status Assessments Lab at University of Putra, Malaysia (UPM) to obtain socio-demographic data, medical status, nutritional status, lifestyle practices and daily dietary intake. This study will be conducted for a period of 8 weeks. The study design is single-blinded parallel-randomized controlled trial (n=80), with 40 subjects in each group (one intervention and one control group). The participants will be selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.~Study 2:~After being informed about the study and potential risks, written informed consent will be obtained from all subjects involved in the study prior to commencing the study. Respondents will be screened at Nutritional Status Assessments Lab at UPM for mental health status, daily sugar intake, cardiometabolic risk factors (waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) where blood pressure and blood sample will be taken by the phlebotomist. Female candidates will be screened for pregnancy or breast feeding. Those who meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria will be selected. They will be informed via communication application whether they are eligible for the study. This study will be conducted for a period of 6 months.
Study 1: To investigate the effects of antioxidant-rich sugar as alternative compared to granulated sugar on gene expression and other metabolic parameters in healthy subjects.~The hypotheses is antioxidant-rich sugar have positive effects on reducing inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress biomarkers and other metabolic parameters in intervention group compared to control group.~Study 2: To evaluate the effectiveness of a nutrition education module in modifying sugar consumption and other CMR-related outcomes in individuals with cardiometabolic risk.~The hypotheses is the nutrition education module significantly improves the sugar consumption and other CMR-related outcomes in the intervention groups compared to the control group