The number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is growing worldwide, while patients with impaired renal function are at high or very high risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mortality due to CVD in patients with CKD is 1020 times higher than that in the general population, and the likelihood of developing cardiovascular complications (CVC) is several times higher than the risk of end-stage CKD{1} In CKD cardiovascular disease abnormalities are due to volume overload, hypertension, endothelia dysfunction, inflammation, uremic pericarditis cardiomyopathy, anemia, dyslipidemia and oxidativel stress{2} Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a key feature that allows you to get an accurate picture of systolic-diastolic lesions of the left heart in patients with CKD and therefore is one of the most important factors in the development of adverse CVC LVH is initially formed as an adaptive process aimed at maintaining normal heart function under conditions of myocardial overload by pressure or volume, but then acquires the character of pathological adaptation, becoming the structural basis of heart failure, myocardial ischemia and cardiac arrhythmias {3}. It was shown that the probability of LVH increases already with a moderate decrease in eGFR and increases further as CKD progresses, reaching a maximum in the terminal stage [4].~. in CKD LVH is associated with increased mortality and the risk of adverse outcomes, especially at the terminal stage of CKD{5-6}
Assess the prevalence and features of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) taking into account gender differences and stage of CKD.~To detect factors those predict LVH in CKD.~*to assess the right ventricle dysfunction in CKD .