Gradually increasing incidence rate of kidney stone is a significant concern of medical world. Genetics and/or life style accelerate the kidney stone formation (Urolithiasis). Sometimes, it is stuck up in ureter especially distal ureter; hence called as lower ureteral stone (LUS) and causes intense flank pain beside urinary obstruction.~The ureter contains α adrenergic receptors along its entire length with the highest concentration in the distal ureter.~There has been a steep rise in minimally invasive procedures but medical expulsive therapy (MET) is still regarded as an established treatment option for the management of distal ureteric stones.~Stone location, size, number, ureteric spasm, mucosal oedema or inflammation, and ureteric anatomy are the factors affecting passage of ureteric stones.~Drugs that expel stones might act by relaxing ureteral smooth muscle through inhibition of calcium channel pumps or α-1 receptor blockade. Tamsulosin is one of the most commonly used α-blockers.~Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEi) are a class of drugs that inhibit the breakdown of cAMP and cGMP, enhancing smooth muscle relaxation. Therefore, PDEi may be able to decrease ureteral spasm and facilitate stone passage. Tadalafil is a selective PDE5i and because of its smooth muscle relaxation property, tadalafil received the US Food and Drug Administration approval for lower urinary tract symptoms with benign prostatic hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction.~Monotherapy with tadalafil or tamsulosin similarly improved lower urinary tract symptoms had already been demonstrated .~With demonstration of in vitro effects of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE5i) as tadalafil on isolated human ureteral smooth muscle, interest in use of PDE5i as MET has increased.
The aim of the work is to compare the efficacy of tadalafil and tamsulosin as a medical expulsive therapy for lower ureteric stones