Forty individuals with a loss of internal rotation (IR) ROM will be recruited and randomized to one of two interventions at the first session: either posterior glenohumeral mobilization or internal rotation sleeper stretching. At the second visit, all participants will undergo a thoracic manipulation (T3-4 segment) followed by a repeat of either the sleeper stretch or glenohumeral mobilization.
Interventions including glenohumeral mobilization, sleeper stretches, and thoracic manipulation have been proposed for individuals with loss of shoulder range of motion (ROM). However, the effect of these interventions on shoulder ROM, joint translation, and muscular activity have not been studied in combination.