Genes can have variants or mutations that can increase the participant's risk for bleeding when receiving a direct oral anticoagulant (DOACs). The investigators will be studying participants on DOACs who have had bleeding and also participants who are on DOACs who did not have bleeding (control group). The goal of the study is to determine the accuracy of Cipherome's Drug Safety Score (DSS) in it's ability to predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs). A DSS score ranges from 0 to 1, with scores less than 0.3 correlated with a higher risk of ADRs and scores more than 0.7 correlated with a lower risk of ADRs. The participant's DSS score will be compared with the actual clinical outcome using a statistical test to determine the accuracy of the DSS.
The purpose of this study is to see if the participant's genetic profile and clinical factors (age, drug dose, etc.) affect drug outcomes (i.e. serious bleeding) that the participant may have experienced since taking the drug (direct oral anticoagulant) for preventing blood clots from forming in the blood vessels.