Stenosis severity, plaque features, and myocardial ischemia have been known as important indicators in diagnosis and prognostication of patients with coronary artery disease. Invasive physiologic indies such as fractional flow reserve (FFR) are used to define ischemia-causing stenosis in the catheterization laboratory. FFR represents maximal blood flow to the myocardium supplied by an artery with stenosis as a fraction of normal maximum flow. The FFR-guided strategy was reported to improve the patients' outcomes in comparison with the angiography-guided strategy. However, clinical events still occur in patients with FFR >0.80, and invasive therapy did not improve prognosis in patients with moderate to severe ischemia compared to optimal medical therapy in the ISCHEMIA trial. In the recent report, the prognosis in the vessel with FFR >0.80 was associated with high-risk plaque characteristics on coronary CT angiography (CCTA). Likewise, incorporation of stenosis and plaque features and myocardial ischemia may provide better risk stratification of patients with coronary artery disease than evaluating each attribute alone. Recent proposed novel measurement such as pericoronary inflammation or epicardial fat metrics and lesion-specific or vessel-specific hemodynamic parameters derived from CCTA has also been known as a robust prognostic predictor. In addition, antiplatelet agents and lipid-lowering medication such as aspirin, clopidogrel, or statin are commonly used for primary and secondary prevention of adverse cardiovascular events. However, the relationship of combination and dosage of those drugs with prevention of plaque progression and clinical outcomes has not been fully understood. Accordingly, the investigators aim to find the prognostic implications of stenosis and plaque features, fat metrics on CCTA along with physiologic assessment and pharmocotherapy according to the different treatment strategies.
The investigators aim to investigate the prognostic implication of stenosis and plaque features on coronary CT angiography (CCTA), physiologic assessment, and pharmacotherapy after invasive coronary angiography.