Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common malignant tumor of the hematological system, accounting for 10% of all hematological malignancies. With the emergence of new drugs such as proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulators, the efficacy of MM has been significantly improved, and the progression-free survival rate and overall survival rate of patients have been significantly improved. However, due to primary or secondary drug resistance, MM is still incurable , and patients will eventually be relapsed and refractory. At present, most first-line treatments contain proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulators at the same time, and patients are often resistant to these two types of drugs. CD38 monoclonal antibody is a new drug that was launched two years ago, but the price is too high, roughly 500,000 yuan a year, and most patients cannot afford it. At present, new drugs available to patients in China is still very limited, and investigator urgently need to find new treatment options among the existing drugs in China to prolong the lives of patients. Bendamustine is an alkylating agent and is currently mainly used in the treatment of lymphoma in China. But in Europe, bendamustine has been approved as a MM drug. The NCCN guidelines also include bendamustine + proteasome inhibitors or immunomodulators + hormones as the recommended treatment for MM. Because most of the patients with relapse and refractory MM have been resistant to proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulators, investigator found that the NCCN guidelines recommended schemes are not effective when used in these patients. Therefore, investigator tried to combine bendamustine with liposomes and dexamethasone (BAd) to treat relapsed and refractory MM. At present, 3 patients have been treated with this program, all of which are multi-line recurrences. Among them, 1 patient achieved complete response (CR) after 2 courses of treatment. At present, 6 courses of treatment have been completed and have been in CR state. The other 2 cases achieved partial response, and the total response rate reached 100%. The common adverse reaction in patients was hematological toxicity, but they were all tolerated. No patient stopped the drug due to adverse reactions. The price of bendamustine per course of treatment is roughly between 6000-8000 yuan, which patients can basically afford. Therefore, the program is feasible in terms of effectiveness, economy and safety. Due to the small number of patients, investigator need to further expand the number of samples to observe the optimal dose, efficacy and adverse reactions of the drug. If the program is validated and feasible, it will benefit more patients, extend their lives as much as possible, and have the opportunity to wait for other new drugs to come out.
Observe the best dose, efficacy and adverse reactions of BAd in the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.