Inadequate vitamin intake is common in Mexico. Vitamin deficiency is hypothesized as a risk factor for COVID-19 infection and severe outcomes. Specifically, Vitamin D has been hypothesized as a regulator of the inflammatory cytokine response; Vitamin C may help reduce the risk of a cytokine storm and support the immune system; Vitamin B reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, helps improve respiratory function, reduces hypercoagulability, and promotes endothelial structural integrity; Resolvins, derived from Omega3s, are a type of specialized pro-resolving lipid autacoid mediators hypothesized to prevent cytokine storms. Elemental Zinc is hypothesized to inhibit the replication of viruses.~The NUTROVID-Prevent and NUTROVID-Treat Factorial Trials are testing the efficacy of these supplements (Vitamins B, C, D, Zinc, and Omega 3) when used over a 60 day period among those who test positive (Treat) and negative (Prevent) for SARS-COV-2 via a PCR test.~The NUTROVID Trials utilize an innovative and cost-efficient approach, leveraging the existing infrastructure of the hospital system in San Luis Potosí province of Mexico. For NUTROVID-Treat, we aim to enroll ~1,800 adults who have recently tested positive for SARS-Cov-2 and who have given informed consent. These ~1,800 adult females and males age 18 or older will be enrolled and randomized into the NUTROVID Treat Factorial Trial's 2x2x2 arms, in which 50% of the population will have a chance to receive any combination of the 3 supplement formulations; the other 50% will receive the respective placebos.~Those who test negative will be randomized into the NUTROVID-Prevent Factorial Trial's 2x2x2 arms, in which 50% of the population will have a chance to receive any combination of the 3 supplement formulations; the other 50% will receive the respective placebos. For NUTROVID-Prevent, we also aim to recruit ~1,800 adults, females and males.~Hospital staff will review medical records for vital events and conduct patient and family follow-up until ~November 2021.
The NUTROVID Factorial Trials~The purpose of the NUTROVID-Prevent and NUTROVID-Treat Factorial Trials is to determine whether Vitamin B Complex, Vitamin C, and Zinc; Vitamin D; and Omega3, taken at dosages approximating recommended dosages, can reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, mortality.