This is a single-center, cross-sectional then prospective, randomized single-blinded study with 2 groups of subjects. One group will be men with prostate cancer in various stages of ADT and the other group will be men with prostate cancer not on ADT as control group.~Patients interested in participating who meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria and who agree to undergo blood draws and fat biopsy will be identified from the Genito-urinary oncology and urology clinics. These patients will be referred to the Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center of WNY where they will undergo blood draws in fasting state.~On the screening day, participants will be asked to complete the informed consent, medical history and physical exam, and non-fasting blood draws (for CBC, CMP and HbA1c) prior to participating in the study. 30 ml of blood will be drawn at this visit.~Subjects who qualify and consent to take part in the study will be called in for the baseline study visit where they will undergo blood draws in fasting state. HOMA-IR method will be used to determine insulin resistance. Subcutaneous fat biopsies will be performed in all patients.~Within the ADT group, subjects will be assigned a number by a computerized simple random number generation program (Excel, Microsoft Inc.) and will be randomized (1:1) to receive either pioglitazone or placebo. The patient will be blinded to the treatment, however, the research team will not. Subjects will be given a 12 week supply of pioglitazone 30 mg or placebo pills containing cellulose that will take once a day in morning. Subjects who develop side effects (weight gain, pedal edema) on the 30 mg dose will be asked to reduce the dose to 15 mg.~Subjects will then return to the research center in 12 weeks for visit 2 where the fasting blood draws and subcutaneous fat biopsies will be performed again. The subjects will then be discharged from the study and follow with their physicians. Subject will receive a phone call after 1 and 4 weeks following start of treatment to collect any safety data. Patients will be instructed to call the research center anytime they have a question or side effects.
This study is being done to establish the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance (reduced insulin action that can lead to high blood sugar and maybe diabetes) in patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate carcinoma as well as to investigate the role of pioglitazone therapy in reduction/ reversal of that insulin resistance