Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) primarily occurs in premature and very low birth weight (VLBW) babies, the incidence varying from 5 to 10% in various neonatal intensive care unit (NICUs) .~Many researchers believe that an exaggerated inflammatory response mounted by immature intestinal epithelial cells in response to abnormal intestinal colonization plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of NEC and bacteria belonging to Enterobacteriaceae have often been linked to NEC .~Colonization with commensal bacteria soon after birth is essential for the development of normal intestinal function however, this process is often altered in premature babies in NICUs, leading to colonization with pathogenic bacteria .~Commercially available bovine colostrum has high concentrations of anti-infective factors such as immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, organism-specific antibodies, lactoperoxidase, insulin-like growth factors and transforming growth factors.~These components have substantial homology to their human counterparts . Bovine colostrums has been tried in the treatment of Escherichia coli and Shigella and Rotavirus diarrhea in children, Helicobacter pylori infection in children and E. coli intestinal infection in term and preterm neonates.~No major adverse effects were reported in any of the studies using bovine colostrum in infants and preterm babies .~In an in vitro study, the authors showed that bovine colostrum significantly reduces the adherence of various Enterobacteriaceae species known to be associated with NEC to human intestinal epithelial cells .~A randomized controlled trial has shown that the use of bovine lactoferrin reduced the incidence of neonatal sepsis .~Till date, there are no studies in neonates on the use of bovine colostrum for the prevention of NEC.
Primary Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of bovine colostrum in prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and sepsis in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.~Secondary Aim: To improve outcomes of neonatal sepsis and NEC in the pe-terrms and to decrease their hospital stay.