Post treatment failure could be treated by two options including orthograde retreatment and apical surgery . In a previous study, orthograde retreatments presented a success rate of 81 % classified as healed and 93 % as no symptoms and fully functional. In a systematic review, it has also been concluded that endodontic surgery offers more favorable initial success but orthograde retreatment yields to a better long-term outcome . Although early results of single-visit treatments are contradictory ; Completing the treatment in a single appointment reduces the treatment time and cost, decreases micro leakage risk and avoids recontamination of root canals between appointments in multiple-visit treatments . Again, reviewing the literature concerning primary treatment showed that, no significant differences were observed in healing of periapical radiolucency between teeth treated in single-visit and those treated in two-visits. Even, after using calcium hydroxide for four weeks . The presence of a positive bacterial culture at the time of filling did not influence the outcome of treatment .~Thorough online search revealed that, few studies are found concerning post- operative pain after single visit retreatment . The present study is designed to compare the effects of single-visit and two-visit root canal treatments on postoperative pain in retreatment cases. The primary outcome measure of this study is proposed to be whether single-visit root canal retreatment influenced the occurrence of postoperative pain as compared to two-visit treatment.
To compare the incidence of post-operative pain after single-visit versus two-visit non-surgical endodontic retreatment.