It is associated with acute and chronic complications, acute complications include hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, and hyperglycemic diabetic coma. Chronic complications are further divided into microvascular and macrovascular complications. Chronic microvascular complications are neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. The later one firstly diagnosed by microalbuminuria. whereas chronic macrovascular complications are coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and cerebrovascular disease.~The conventional medications in diabetes treatment, oral and insulin, are focusing on insulin secretion and insulin sensitisation. Oral antidiabetics include, Biguanides, Sulfonylureas, Thiazolidinediones, DPP4 inhibitors, GLP-1 analogue, and SGLT2 inhibitors.~Irisin, a myokin and adipokine secreted by muscles and subcutaneous fat, is an interesting peptide performing significant functions in human health. Irisin has been linked to human obesity and insulin resistance status.~Irisin is involved in regulating the mitochondrial function of muscle cells, so increases energy consumption of the body, promotes metabolism and reduces body weight so improves insulin sensetivity. In our study we aim to clarify the effect of antidiabetics on serum irisin in patients with typeII DM who developed diabetic nephropathy.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex, multifactorial, chronic metabolic and endocrine disorder. It has become a threat to global health. It has two types. It is estimated that the number of people with type II will reach 700 million by 2045.