Failure of eradication treatment against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is mainly caused by antimicrobial resistance. However, there is no relevant studies have been conducted on the prevalence and trend of antimicrobial resistance, which is considered to have a major determinant of eradication failure. In addition, studying the trend of resistance rate is an important basis for establishing an appropriate strategy for eradication treatment in the future.~Patients who had H. pylori colonies isolated from culture were consecutively enrolled from 2003. From each patient, 1 to 10 H. pylori isolates were isolated. Trends in MIC distribution and prevalence of resistance were investigated for each antimicrobial agent according to time period. Antimicrobi resistances suspected to related with failure of empirical PPI triple, quadruple, and rescue fluoroquinolone-containing treatment were also investigated. Multiple resistance, which is simultaneously resistant to various antibiotics, will also be investigated. Risk factors for the antibiotic resistance will be analyzed.
To assess antimicrobial resistance rates and minimal inhibitory concentrations in H. pylori isolated from patients with upper gastrointestinal disease with long-term period.