Tissue necrosis is a form of cell death caused by a wide variety of diseases and injuries. Current methods of detecting tissue necrosis to guide surgical decision making are limited. In burn injury, clinical visualization of tissue necrosis is the standard of care; however, it is an imprecise method that can result in delays in care, unnecessary surgery, and removal of viable tissue. There is a critical need to identify novel methods to improve the detection of necrosis in burn injury to aid perioperative clinical decision making. While Indocyanine Green Angiography (ICGA) has been shown to identify burn depth using perfusion as a surrogate marker for necrosis, it has not been widely adopted for clinical decision making. Recently, clinical trials using delayed imaging of high dose ICG (Second Window Indocyanine Green - SWIG) have shown promise in image-guided surgical resection of tumors. The investigators propose that SWIG imaging can be employed to enhance surgical decision-making in burn injury, as well as in many disease processes involving necrosis. The knowledge gained from this project will fill the critical need to prevent unnecessary surgery, improve surgical precision, and provide insight into ICG localization in inflamed and necrotic tissue.~The goal of this project is to characterize the SWIG fluorescence in burn inflammation and necrosis on a macroscopic and microscopic level.~Specific Aim 1 will characterize fluorescent signals from SWIG in the healing potential of indeterminate depth burns in humans.~Specific Aim 2 will examine the association between SWIG fluorescence and depth of necrosis in surgically excised burns in human subjects.~Specific Aim 3 will quantify ICG fluorescence in inflamed, necrotic, and healthy human cells and tissues to determine substrate localization.~This project will result in preclinical and clinical data testing of ICG for direct detection of necrotic tissue using a fluorescence imaging device optimized for burn surgery, while developing a platform for quantification of tissue necrosis and characterization of ICG-avid necrosis. These studies will provide necessary data to inform the design of a larger clinical trial to determine the efficacy and validity of ICG fluorescence-guided clinical decision making to improve outcomes for burn patients.
This study investigates fluorescence image-guided surgery to allow precise identification of necrotic tissue both preoperatively and intraoperatively in burn patients. Furthermore, it uses a multi-model approach to elucidate the localization of ICG in inflammation and necrosis to determine how this novel use of a well-known fluorescence marker can be optimized to aid in surgical decision making. This proposal will provide the necessary data to support the design of a larger clinical trial to study the feasibility and efficacy of this technology to improve the precision of necrosis detection and removal and improve wound healing outcomes. Up to 100 participants will be on study for up to approximately 24 days.