The following data were prospectively collected after enrollment: age, sex, body mass index (BMI), length of hospital stay, affected spine segment, previous surgical procedures on the spine, conservative or operative treatment including type of surgical treatment and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification System.~In addition the following quality of life scores were collected: Oswestry Disability Score (ODI), Core Outcome Measures Index(COMI), Short Form- 36 (SF- 36) and Euroqol- 5D (EQ- 5D).
Between January 2008 and December 2020 all patients with spine diseases were registered prospectively in the former European Spine Tango registry and later german DWG registry at the department of orthopedics and trauma at the university of cologne.