Recent advancements in nanotechnology have led to the development of medical devices (lasers and LED devices) with unique phototherapy properties that emit radiation in the infrared wavelengths, allowing patients to benefit from the effects of phototherapy treatment in a more convenient way. Preclinical studies demonstrated the positive effects of infrared radiation exposure on the skin including, increased collagen synthesis and expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). Other studies suggested possible antimicrobial effects from infrared radiation, with decreased colonization of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae on the skin after exposure. Compared to other fabric technology, such as Far-Infrared (FIR) fabric technology that reflects body heat, fabric made from Lumiton yarn converts external light in the UV and visible spectrum and emits light in the red and near-infrared spectrum for the body. Lumiton yarn absorbs energy from 350 nm to 600 nm (the light spectrum from UV to visible red light) and emit energy from 600 to 1000 nm (red, near-infrared spectrum). The Lumiton yarn contains red/NIR light-emitting dyes. The effectiveness of the technology is proportional to the intensity of the light, with its peak effectiveness under sunlight.
Phototherapy, including ultraviolet B (UVB) and ultraviolet A (UVA) light, has been used to treat a number of dermatologic conditions. Psoriasis is one of the most common conditions treated with phototherapy, in which phototherapy is often indicated for extensive disease with contraindications for other systemic treatments. The mechanism of action of phototherapy for the treatment of psoriasis is not completely understood; however, it is known that UVB light induces apoptosis of pathogenic T cells and keratinocytes, which may reduce the overactive immune response and epidermal hyperproliferation. Phototherapy has shown some efficacy for other diseases, such as alopecia areata (AA) and polymorphous light eruption (PMLE). However, phototherapy is not always an accessible treatment option for patients due to cost or lack of time.