Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a minimally-invasive procedure to remove stones from the kidney by a small puncture wound (up to about 1 cm) through the skin. It is usually done under general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia. Despite the advancements in endoscopic technologies technique and training, the procedure is still associated with complications, which can occur during the intervention or in the early or late postoperative period. Known complications to PCNL are fever (2.8-32.1%), bleeding requiring transfusion (0- 45%), organ injury (0-1.7%) and sepsis (0.3-1.5%) these complications consider life threatening and increase risk of patient readmission Readmission is defined as a state when the patient is admitted to the same or a different hospital after being discharged from the applicable hospital to a non-acute setting, such as his home within a specified time period . Hospital readmissions are frequent and costly, and are estimated to cost the US health care system > $12-17 billion annually . Readmissions occurring within the first week after discharge are often related to the stress of acute illness as well as heightened self-care needs, new medications, and impaired function while those occurring later reflect chronic illness Nurses could play a pivotal role in preventing readmissions through appropriate discharge teaching and following up with the patients after discharge through telephone conversations. Early identification of patients' problems and taking appropriate measures to handle these problems at an early stage helps to prevent further post-discharge complications and improves patient outcomes.~Nurse should emphasize to the patient the importance of reporting symptoms to physician immediately. Postoperative care should include: close monitoring of vital signs, close observation of urine output and color changes, wound care and careful observation for dressing and tube drainage.~Many studies have been found in the literature on readmissions after urological surgeries and their causes in recent years . These studies include general urological surgical procedures, and there are limited studies examining potential predictive factors for endourology and stone surgery
To identify predictors of patients postoperative readmission after PNL