Emergence agitation (EA) in children is increased after sevoflurane anesthesia. Nalbuphine and midazolam have been used for prophylactic treatment with controversial results.~Patients and Methods:Totally, 90 children between 4 and 10 years of age and of American Society of Anesthesiologists I-II undergoing adenotonsillectomy under sevoflurane-based anesthesia were enrolled in the study. Children were randomly allocated to one of the three groups: Group N received nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg, Group K received ketamine 0.25 mg /kg and Group S received the equivalent volume saline. The study medications was given after discontinuation of sevoflurane by the end of surgery. In the post anesthesia care unit emergence agitation was assessed with emergence agitation scale upon admission (T0), after 5 min (T5), 10 min (T10), 15 min (T15), 20 min (T20), 25 min (T25) and 30 min (T30).
The effect of low dose nalbuphine or ketamine in the prevention of emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy.~This randomized double-blind study was carried out at, Ain shams University Hospitals, from March 2021 to June 2021 on 90 patients after approval of the ethical committee.