This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of 3 intervention protocols (1) In the T1 TENS group, the subject will receive TENS on T1 spine. (2) In the vagus nerve TENS group, the subject will receive TENS on the concha of left outer ear. (3) In the sham stimulation group, the subject will receive sham stimulation on the T1 spine, in improving the cognitive function in older adults with MCI.
Recent evidence has shown that transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) was effective in improving the cognitive function in healthy adult and people with dementia. However, lacking of evidence investigated the effect of TENS in improving the cognitive function and reversing the occurrence of dementia during the period of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is the crucial period to prevent the significant loss of cognition function. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate the optimal TENS treatment protocol in improving the cognitive function in older adults with MCI.