The aim of this research was to perform a comparative clinical analysis of soft tissues in the area of soft tissue graft and collagen matrix transplantation. Thirty two patients diagnosed with partial absence of teeth was examined on the basis of the Department of Surgical Dentistry of the E.V. Borovsky Institute of Dentistry of I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. Patients had a soft tissue thickness deficiency from the vestibular surface in the area of the planned dental implant placement in the distal parts of the mandible, which was an indication for its increase. All patients were randomly divided into two groups depending on method of soft tissue augmentation used. In 1 group (n=16) transplantation of a free connective tissue graft (CTG) from tuberosity area of the upper jaw was performed. In 2 group (n=16) collagen matrix Fibro-Gide was used. According to gender and age characteristics, both groups were comparable. Randomization of patients was carried out at the stage of surgical intervention as follows: after a dental implant placement and preparation of recipient's bed, an envelope with a randomly assigned treatment method (using a connective tissue graft or a collagen matrix) was opened.~During the operation, incision was made along the top of the alveolar ridge within the defect; a full-thickness muco-periosteal flap was elevated. Traditional 2-stage dental implantation was performed according to surgical protocols of dental implant systems Astra Tech (Dentsply Implants Manufacturing GmbH, Germany; registration in Russia 27.12.2019 No FSZ 2015/3214). A free connective tissue graft was harvested in patients of the first group. Graft was fixed with a horizontal U-shaped suture to the buccal muco-periosteal flap. In second patients group a fragment of the collagen matrix Fibro-Gide was fixed to the buccal muco-periosteal flap (Geistlich Pharma AG, Bahnhofstrasse 40, 6110 Wolhusen, Switzerland; registration in Russia 19.08.2020 No FSZ - 20207/11765). For patients of all groups mobilization of the muco-periosteal flap conducted followed by suturing the wound tightly without tension with simple interrupted sutures.~Postoperative recommendations included standard antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy in combination with the use of local antiseptics for daily care was prescribed.
This was an interventional prospective randomized clinical trial (RCT) in parallel groups. The sample size is 32 patients who were randomly divided into two groups depending on the surgical intervention used. First group - patients underwent increasing the thickness of the mucous membrane using free connective tissue graft from tuberosity area of the upper jaw. Second group - patients used collagen matrix Fibro-Gide (Geistlich Pharma AG, Bahnhofstrasse 40, 6110 Wolhusen, Switzerland; registration in Russia 19.08.2020 No FSZ -20207/11765). In the postoperative period the value of soft tissue thickness gain, severity of pain, collateral edema, amount of analgesics consumed, soft tissue aesthetics, keratinized mucosa width, quality of life and duration of surgery were assessed.