PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:~I. To determine the prevalence, type, and severity of chronic health conditions (CHC) in survivors of Down syndrome-associated acute leukemia (DS-AL), and to compare CHC with frequency-matched DS individuals that have no cancer history.~SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:~I. To characterize post-treatment clinical outcomes of DS-AL by prospective, in-person assessment.~II. To determine the prevalence and severity of parent-reported neuropsychological (NP) in survivors of DS-AL, compared with frequency-matched DS individuals with no cancer history.~III. To determine health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in survivors of DS-AL, compared with frequency-matched DS individuals with no cancer history.~IV. To identify clinical risk determinants of CHC, NP, and clinical outcomes in survivors of DS-AL.~V. To establish a well-annotated cohort of survivors of DS-AL and associated biobank as a resource for future investigations.~EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:~I. For DS-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (DS-ALL), test if structural birth defects and genetic associations with etiology extend to CHC.~II. For DS-ALL, test if telomere length determined by polygenic risk score and telomere flow-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are associated with outcomes from in-person NP assessment.~OUTLINE:~Patients undergo a saliva/buccal swab in part 1 and clinical assessment in part 2 of the study. Patients may then undergo blood sample collection in part 3 of the study.
This study attempts to learn more about the health of persons with Down syndrome after treatment for acute leukemia. Children with Down syndrome are at increased risk for side effects during treatment for acute leukemia, but it is unclear of their risk for long-term effects of cancer treatment. By learning more about the factors that may contribute to chronic health conditions and long-term effects after treatment for leukemia in persons with Down syndrome, clinical practice guidelines for survivorship care can be developed to help improve their quality-of-life.