COPD is a term for airflow restriction and growing shortness of breath caused by physiological deterioration. Elderly persons endure reduced respiratory function, stiffness in the joints and connective tissues of the rib cage, and increased thoracic Kyphosis as a result of COPD .breathlessness, cough, and sputum production are the most prevalent symptoms of COPD, while wheezing, chest tightness, and chest congestion are less common but nevertheless bothersome. The reported frequency, on the other hand, varies depending on the patient demographic and the severity of the disease. COPD is now the world's fourth greatest cause of mortality, but it is expected to rise to the third position by 2020.~Due to the obstruction and exhalation airflow is reduced, resulting in air trapping and hyperinflation. When the rate of minute ventilation or respiration is increased, for as during exercise, this becomes more apparent. Hyperinflation puts more strain on the respiratory muscles, forcing them to function in a restricted range of motion with a negative pressure/effort ratio, resulting in fatigue and increased shortness of breath. COPD patients avoid physical activity and adopt a more sedentary lifestyle than healthy older adults in order to prevent the distressing feeling of breathlessness. This, in turn, causes a vicious cycle of decreased exercise capacity, increased breathlessness during exercise, and more avoidance of exercise, and so on.~Active expiration, slow and deep breathing, pursed lips breathing, relaxation therapy, body positions such as forward leaning, inspiratory and expiratory muscle training, and diaphragmatic breathing are all examples of breathing techniques. Improvement of (regional) ventilation and gas exchange, decrease of dynamic hyperinflation, enhancement of respiratory muscle function, reduction of breathlessness, and improvement of exercise tolerance and quality of life are some of the goals of these procedures. Exercise capacity is impaired in COPD, both peak exercise capacity and functional exercise capacity. Besides lung hyperinflation and physical inactivity, ventilation-perfusion mismatch, hypoxemia, cardiovascular problems and muscular changes Reduced exercise capacity is a factor. One of the most important predictors of morbidity and mortality in COPD is functional exercise ability. and has a direct connection to everyday physical activities. Because rib cage mobility tends to be diminished with obstructive lung illness, PT appears to have a specific goal of rib cage joint mobility. Chest wall mobilization enhances chest wall mobility, lowers respiratory rate, raises tidal volume, improves ventilation gas exchange, reduces breathlessness, reduces work of breathing, and helps you relax. The rib cage mobilization is applied in three positions, supine ling, side lying and siding with arm abducted of the side to be mobilized.
the study aims to investigate effectiveness of thoracic cage mobilizations on the chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.