Histopathological examinations play a role in the diagnosis and management of UC, but they are costly and invasive. So, non-invasive inflammatory biomarkers of IBD, such as the WBCS, ESR and CRP are used in clinical practice .~Platelets play a critical role in blood hemostasis so impaired platelet activation may cause persistent mucosal inflammation. Many studies have demonstrated that patients with IBD may have increased risks of venous thrombosis. Thrombosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in IBD.~Platelet to lymphocyte ratio can be easily calculated from CBC can serve as useful biomarkers for predicting mucosal inflammation in UC.~Current disease management guidelines were focused on the use of anti-inflammatory agents, aminosalicylates, and corticosteroids. However, some patients are still refractory to these therapies.~Biological therapy has revolutionized the management of inflammatory bowel disease in the last few years. There available biologic medicines are infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, vedolizumab, and ustekinumab. Biological therapy brought a better control of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its use requires specific care before the beginning and during the treatment.
ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease, are chronic, idiopathic, relapsing inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. The mechanism is multifactorial and may result from the combined interaction of environmental, genetic, epithelial barrier defects, dysregulated immune responses, and microbial factors