This is a single center prospective randomized controlled open label trial of high velocity nasal insufflation (HVNI) in the immediate post-extubation period versus noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). After at least 72 hours from intubation, for respiratoy failure, those who are considered to be eligible for weaning from mechanical ventilation based on the weaning protocol but are at high risk for extubation failure will be randomized to either HVNI or NIPPV. Data on the respiratory and cardiovascular status will be continuously monitored and recorded thereafter.~The primary outcome measure will be failure of either arm within 72 hours of initiation, leading to reintubation (or crossover only from a failed HVNI allocation to NIV based on clinical judgement to avoid reintubation in selected cases). Secondary outcomes to be investigated include: 1) Failure of HVNI or NIPPV after 72 hours from initiation, 2) hospital mortality, 3) length of ICU stay, 4) length of hospital stay, 5) incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia, 6) patient tolerance and comfort, and 7) ICU readmission or mortality at 28-days post hospital discharge.
The goal of this randomized active-controlled study is to investigate the role of high velocity nasal insufflation (HVNI) in the immediate post-extubation period and compare it with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) as regards to weaning success rate. The study will recruit those who have been on invasive mechanical ventilation for at least 3 days and with a high risk of weaning failure.