Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a subset of peripheral vascular disease, which describes a spectrum of perfusion- and metabolism-related threats to the tissues of the lower extremities. PAD affects an estimated 8.5 million adults in the US and > 200 million adults worldwide. PAD is atherosclerosis in the lower limbs, and classically results in inadequate oxygen supply to lower extremity musculature during walking. However, PAD is often asymptomatic, or symptoms are atypical. Risk factors are similar to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: smoking, diabetes, older age, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.~The initial diagnostic evaluation step in symptomatic patients (i.e., classic claudication) with PAD is the conventional Ankle-Brachial Index (cABI) test. In symptomatic patients, an ABI < 0.90 (normal range 0.91-1.3) is approximately 72% sensitive and 99% specific for angiographically significant (> 50% stenosis) PAD. However, co-morbid diseases and asymptomatic/atypical patient characteristics adversely impact this test performance. In diabetics, this sensitivity falls to < 50%. Therefore, adequate strategies for screening asymptomatic/atypical patients presenting for PAD evaluation is an unmet healthcare need.~This Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Phase II observational study (CTS-PAD) objective is to test a novel technologic solution to address this need. Since cABI is a single factor test (< 0.9 = > 50% stenosis), it must be broadened to collect additional data that will increase the test specificity in this PAD sub-population. In parallel to stable ischemic heart disease and the importance of functional stenoses and myocardial microperfusion, these additional data should address end-organ tissue physiology as perfused by the atherosclerotic arterial supply. The asymptomatic patients' co-morbidities affect the tissue microvascularity (i.e., diabetes), and oxygen delivery and perfusion (i.e., smoking).~Perfusio Corp.'s Multi-spectral Physiologic Visualization (MSPV) imaging technology, now FDA-approved, is the base platform for this new approach, which in addition to dynamic perfusion analytics incorporates peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and cardiovascular Vital Signs of Heart Rate (HR) and Blood Pressure (BP), all in immediate real-time. This CTS-PAD observational study device is non-invasive and non-contact.~The Hypothesis of the study is that ABI-type blood pressure ratio data and these tissue- and perfusion-related factors can be captured and integrated in real-time, to improve the sensitivity of evaluation in this PAD subset. The Objective of the CTS-PAD study is to document clinical Proof of Concept for this novel approach and device.~The CTS-PAD study is designed to simply collect these data for off-line, post-hoc analyses. The data from the CTS-PAD device will not be used for any clinical decision-making, and as such the clinical team will be blinded from the CTS-PAD device results data.
The Purpose of the Clinical Testing Study in Peripheral Arterial Disease (CTS-PAD) study is to compare measurement outcomes between conventional Ankle-Brachial Index test for Peripheral Arterial Disease with a new imaging technology from which the same data can be derived, in a series of patients referred to Vascular Surgery Clinics at the University of Rochester for suspected peripheral arterial disease.