COVID-19 affects the cardiovascular system, and the presence of cardiovascular disease (CAD) and risk factors is associated with worse clinical outcomes in infected patients. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the cardiovascular scenario associated with omicron, the new variant of SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19. Thus, we expect to perform this study to explore the echocardiographic manifestations in patients admitted to the hospital with confirmed COVID-19 infection, during the current omicron wave in Shanghai, China.~According to published guidelines, with written consent from eligible patients, participants are grouped into the severely ill group, the critically ill group, the mildly ill group, and the healthy control group. The investigators will review medical records and document detailed sociodemographic characteristics for each participant. Circulating levels of cardiac biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and cardiac troponin (cTnI), inflammatory biomarkers such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and blood cell counts are measured in the hospital-based laboratory. To study the cardiac manifestations of the patients, echocardiography is performed using a GE Vingmed Ultrasound System (GE Healthcare, Horten, Norway), and morphological and functional parameters of the heart are measured. Clinical outcomes will be censored at the time of data cut-off, and patients after discharge will continue to be interviewed by telephone. Differences in cardiac manifestations and clinical outcomes between the groups are compared by proper statistical tests.
The cardiovascular scenario associated with omicron, the new variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), remains unclear. We design this observational and prospective study to explore cardiac manifestations in patients with omicron infection by echocardiography.