AR is a common clinical chronic nasal disease, affecting 10% to 20% of the world's population, and has become a global health problem. AR not only seriously affects the quality of life of patients, resulting in patient fatigue, impaired learning, attention, and decision-making ability, but also causes a heavy social burden.~AR has a variety of classification methods. According to the type of allergen, it can be divided into seasonal (SAR, common allergens are seasonal allergens such as pollen) and perennial (PAR, common allergens are indoor allergens such as dust mites or occupational allergies), which is a classification method often used in clinical studies. According to the course of the disease, it can be divided into intermittent (symptom onset < 4 days/week, or < 4 consecutive weeks) and persistent (symptom onset ≥ 4 days/week, and ≥ 4 consecutive weeks). According to the severity of the disease, it can be divided into minor AR (mild symptoms, with no significant impact on quality of life) and moderate-severe AR (more severe or severe symptoms, with significant impact on quality of life). The results of the cooperative survey showed that persistent moderate-to-severe disease was the most common in the overall population, accounting for 52.2%, indicating that the treatment and control of AR has become an urgent problem to be solved.
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a non-infectious chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa mainly mediated by immunoglobulin E after exposure to allergens in atopic individuals. The typical symptoms of AR are paroxysmal sneezing, watery rhinorrhea, itching, and nasal congestion, which may be accompanied by ocular symptoms, including eye itching, tearing, redness, and burning sensation, which are more common in patients with hay fever allergies. Bronchial asthma is associated with bronchial asthma in 40% of patients with AR, suggesting a comorbid feature of allergic disease.