People who undergo coronary angiography are at risk of contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) .~The prevention therapy is the main approach to address CA-AKI, minimizing the volume of contrast media and intravenous hydration before and after the procedure which may not be appropriate for those with heart failure .~Given limited treatment options once CA-AKI develops and an unfavourable associated prognosis, early identification of those at risk of CA-AKI is crucial.~Also, there is studies was linking CA-AKI with a higher mortality rate and adverse future cardiovascular events, and risk for future CA-AKI events .~Mehran and colleagues described CA-AKI risk score predicting both CA-AKI and cardiovascular events after angiographic procedures.~however, studies have also investigated the role of different biomarkers in prediction of AKI like osteopontin, in 2020, a consensus statement was released regarding how best to incorporate kidney biomarkers into clinical practice.~Osteopontin is an extracellular structural protein synthesized by various cell types like osteoblasts, smooth muscle. and found in the loop of Henle and distal nephrons in normal kidneys. Recent studies have found that osteopontin has a critical role in tubulogenesis, cell apoptosis, promotion of cell regeneration. Lorenzen and colleagues found that critically ill patients with AKI have higher osteopontin concentrations than critically ill patients without AKI.~Few studies have investigated the role of osteopontin in the detection of AKI.
Early detection of contrast induced nephropathy by using osteopontin as an early marker for prediction