Peri -implant crevicular fluid was obtained from seven smoker patients and then compared to peri-implant crevicular fluid from seven non smoker individuals.~The peri-implant crevicular fluid was obtained using periopaper strips then analyzed using ELISA kits of these markers; HIF-1 Alpha, VEGF and MMP-8
Smoking is a major risk factor for developing peri-implantitis so the current study is comparing inflammatory markers in smokers versus non smokers to know if they have a potential role in pathogenesis of peri-implantitis