The investigators will recruit 30 cognitively-normal elderly and 30 elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment(MCI) and 30 elderly with Subjective Cognitive Decline(SCD). Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: sequential training (first perform physical exercise followed by cognitive training), simultaneous training (perform physical exercise and cognitive tasks simultaneously), and control group (perform body stretching and health education courses). All participants will receive trainings for 120 minutes per day, one day per week for 12 weeks. The outcome will include measurements that evaluate the cognitive, physical, daily functions, quality of life, and social participation. Participants will be assessed at baseline, after the intervention, and at 3-month follow-up. Repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) will be used to evaluate the changes in outcome measures at three different time points for the elderly with cognitively-normal, Mild Cognitive Impairment(MCI) and Subjective Cognitive Decline(SCD), respectively. The investigators also use the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to investigate the differences between the Mild Cognitive Impairment(MCI) and Subjective Cognitive Decline(SCD) groups on the outcome measures.
This study aims to (1) determine the intervention effects of sequential and simultaneous training on cognitive function and health-related function for cognitively-normal elderly and elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment(MCI) and Subjective Cognitive Decline(SCD); (2) compare which combination approach is more advantageous for improvement on outcome measures.