This study will compare two interventions with the standard of care. Given that this is a stepped-wedge design, all sites will begin with recruitment for the standard of care. All study participants will be identified, recruited and enrolled during their postpartum hospital stay (i.e. prior to discharge) by research study staff. Once study participants are enrolled, they will receive a Omron blood pressure (BP) cuff and will be instructed on how to use it.~General Design Description Overall study design. This project spans three states (Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York) and includes three hospitals (Yale New Haven Hospital, UMass Worcester, and Oishei in Buffalo, New York). This is a multisite intervention study that follows a sequential stepped-wedge design with the 3 hospitals randomized to their start time for the first arm followed by the second and third arms.~Yale will serve as the coordinating center and facilitate as well as oversee the planning and implementation activities across sites to ensure standardization. All study staff at all centers will undergo training sessions in blood pressure measurement and management following a standardized protocol as well as mental health screening and management and refresher training sessions, as needed, including any remedial training in specific areas targeted by quality control monitoring for a specific site. Yale New Haven Hospital will provide the appropriate assistance across clinical sites. This may include site visits, to ensure that the study enrollment and treatment follows proper study procedures.~Community Advisory Boards (CABs) will be formed at each of the project sites to integrate community perspectives into project activities and ensure community engagement in the decision-making process throughout the duration of the project. The Yale Griffin Prevention Research Center (PRC) and Cicatelli Associates, Inc. (CAI) will be deeply engaged advising on the establishment of the CABs across sites. Twice a year, the three CABs will convene virtually to receive an update about the overall project progress and share ideas about strengthening study design and implementation to ensure it reflects overall community needs and best interests. We will compensate members for their participation and transportation plus provide refreshments for in-person meetings. During in-person meetings of the individual site CABs, current COVID protocols recommended by the Centers for Disease Control will be followed to ensure meetings are safe and participants protected.~This study will compare two interventions with the standard of care. Given that this is a stepped-wedge design, all sites will begin with recruitment for the standard of care. All study participants will be identified, recruited and enrolled during their postpartum hospital stay (i.e. prior to discharge) by research study staff. Once study participants are enrolled, they will receive a Omron blood pressure (BP) cuff and will be instructed on how to use it.~Participants in the first intervention RMM will be provided with an Omron blood pressure cuff and blood pressure data will be recorded. Participants will be contacted within 72 hours following discharge. Follow-up telehealth visits will occur at least 1 time per week for the first 6 weeks and up to 12 weeks as needed. There may be a need for more visits for those with high blood pressure or elevated scores on validated mental health screeners, therefore advanced practice professionals (APPs) will coordinate with the individual site team Co-Is to address and arrange for additional follow-up visits with the appropriate providers as indicated.~In addition to the RMM described above, the second intervention, the community health model (CHM), includes the incorporation of research community health workers(CHW)/doulas who will be identified at each site. The CHWs/doulas will receive extensive training to be able to provide postpartum hypertension support and how to engage individuals in mental health services using a strengths-based trauma-informed approach. CHWs/doulas will be available to the families during the first 6 weeks (at least 1x per week) and then every other month or as needed. A hybrid approach will be used with CHWs/doulas visiting participants in-person and virtual based on the participant's needs and preferences.~All participants will complete assessments and a blood pressure at intake along with telephone follow-up assessments at 6 weeks postpartum, 3 months and 6 months postpartum including a blood pressure check and mental health screen with EPDS and other study surveys at each time point. Electronic medical record data will be collected.
The investigators primary project goal is to improve clinical outcomes, including mental health outcomes, among postpartum at-risk women experiencing health disparities by increasing awareness, detection, and timely care of postpartum hypertension, mental health and cardiovascular complications. The investigators will accomplish this by comparing the effectiveness of two multi-component multi-level healthcare delivery models focused on early detection and control of postpartum hypertension and the social and mental health factors known to impact maternal outcomes, with the current standard of care and with each other.