Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a non-infectious inflammatory disease occurring in nasal mucosa with nasal itching, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and sneezing as its main clinical symptoms, which are induced by immunoglobulin E-mediated chemical mediators with the participation of various immunologically competent cells and cytokines after allergen exposure. (1) According to statistics, AR affects 10% to 25% of the global population. (2).~AR could be investigated by skin prick test, A blood test to check for the immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody, and Total blood eosinophil count. (3) Current guidelines suggest that Intranasal corticosteroids should be used as the first line of treatment (4).~Surgical care may be indicated for comorbid or complicating conditions such as chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps. (5) Many studies have proven that the abnormality of inflammatory factors such as(TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12)are closely related to the pathogenesis of AR. (6)these inflammatory factors participate in the regulation of immune response through media leucocyte chemotaxis and activate, so elevate of levels of these 3 factors can reflect the aggravation of inflammatory markers in the patient with AR. (7) Montelukast is belonging to the leukotriene receptor antagonists with the effect of inhibiting the expression of cysteinyl leukotriene involved in the pathogen of AR. Thus, the inhibition of the inflammatory marker can effectively reduce airway inflammatory response, nasal mucosal edema, and inflammatory exudation etiologically [8].
To examine the efficacy of Montelukast as an adjunct to INCS in patients with allergic rhinitis.