According to patients' randomized groups, study medication is given at induction and continues intraoperative not more than 2hours.[8]. Induction of anaesthesia with inhalational anaesthetic will be done through a face mask and Ayres T piece (sevoflurane )8%on 100% oxygen and fresh gas flow of at least double patient minute volume and IV line will be inserted and secured in place .After confirmation of intermittent positive pressure ventilation , 1.5 mg/kg IV suxamethonium will injected. The child will be intubated with an appropriate sized tube, and a throat pack will be placed. Ventilation will be performed with a standard ventilator equipped with a paediatric circle circuit (Datex Ohmeda, Helsinki, Finland), tidal volume of 6-8 ml/kg, and a rate adjusted to maintain the ETCO2 concentration between 32 and 35 mmHg at a total gas flow of 2 L/min. General anaesthesia will be maintained with 50% O2 + 50% air with atracurium and isoflurane, which will be titrated according to the hemodynamic parameters. Dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg) will be given as an antiemetic and to reduce airway oedema. Post-intubation, Group (KD) will receive 1mg/kg IV ketamine and 1 µg/kg dexmiditomidine IV diluted in 20 ml NS as a loading dose over 10 min followed by a maintenance infusion of ketamine at 0.1 mg/kg/hr and dexmiditomidine 0.2 µg/kg/hr. IV diluted in 20 ml NS till the end of surgery.(15-16-17) Group (OP) will receive fentanyl 2ug /kg IV diluted in 20 ml NS and another loading syringe containing 20 ml normal saline as a loading dose over 10 min followed by a maintenance infusion of another 20 ml syringes, one containing fentanyl and the other containing normal saline . Maintenance dose of fentanyl in this group will be 0.5 µg /kg/hr . Pre-operative fasting fluid deficits and intraoperative losses will be replaced with crystalloid. A single shot of intravenous antibiotic will be given. At the end of surgery, patients will be reversed with 0.05mg/kg IV neostigmine and 0.02 mg/kg atropine, and extubated after meeting the standard extubation criteria
This study will be conducted to compare Ketodex versus opioid based anaesthesia in cleft palate repair surgeries .