Total knee arthroplasty surgery is considered a cost-effective therapy for end-stage knee osteoarthritis (KOA). With an ageing population and rising rates of obesity in the world, knee joint replacements are estimated to escalate. While joint replacement is a cost effective intervention,approximately 20% of people experience persist pain postoperatively. The surgical injury triggers a myriad of responses in the pain matrix, from sensitization of peripheral and central pain pathways to feelings of fear, anxiety and frustration.~Opioids are effective for acute postoperative pain but have numerous adverse effects. In addition, postoperative opioid treatment may pose a risk of opioid addiction.~Numerous publications state that adjuvant s-ketamine reduces pain and opioid consumption postoperatively . Whether intraoperative intravenous s-ketamine alleviates postoperative acute pain after total knee arthroplasty surgery still unclear . Therefore, a randomized, controlled, clinical study was designed to observed analgesic effect intraoperative intravenous a lower doses of s-ketamine(0.3mg/kg/h) with patients after total knee arthroplasty surgery .
Severe acute pain after total knee arthroplasty surgery has multiple implications for hospitals and patients, monopolising resources and affecting the quality of life. S-ketamine inhibits N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation and attenuates central sensitization associated with hyperalgesia, opioid tolerance.Therefore, the primary aim of this trial was to investigate whether s-ketamine decreases pain and opioid consumption postoperatively in adult individuals undergoing total knee arthroplasty surgery.