Hybrids between H<sub>2</sub>S-donors and betamethasone 17-valerate or triamcinolone acetonide inhibit mast cell degranulation and promote hyperpolarization of bronchial smooth muscle cells.
Giordano F, Corvino A, Scognamiglio A, Citi V, Gorica E, Fattorusso C, Persico M, Caliendo G, Fiorino F, Magli E, Perissutti E, Santagada V, Severino B, Pavese RC, Petti F, Martelli A, Calderone V, Frecentese F.
Glucocorticoids represent the standard gold treatment of inflammation in asthmatic patients. More recently, H<sub>2</sub>S has been described to exert positive effect on this disease. Bearing in mind that an improved pharmacological activity and a reduced toxicity can be obtained through hybridization of different molecules, simultaneously modulating multiple targets, we designed and synthesized novel betamethasone 17-valerate and triamcinolone acetonide hybrids with well-known H<sub>2</sub>S-donor moieties. Synthesized compounds have been evaluated for the potential H<sub>2</sub>S-releasing profile both in cell-free environment and into the cytosol of bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMCs). The two hybrids 4b and 5b were investigated by molecular modelling studies and results indicated that the steric accessibility of the isothiocyanate carbon atom can account for their different H<sub>2</sub>S releasing properties. Furthermore, the most promising derivatives 4b and 5b have been tested for inhibitory effect on mast cell degranulation and for the ability to induce cell membrane hyperpolarization in BSMCs. Significant inhibitory effect on mast cell degranulation was assessed, resulting to reduce β-hexosaminidase release more efficiently than the corresponding native drugs. Both compounds determined a massive membrane hyperpolarization of BSMCs and proved to be 4-fold more effective compared to reference compound NS1619. These effects represent an enrichment of the pharmacological activity of the native drugs.