Identification of 14 Known Drugs as Inhibitors of the Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2.
Ghahremanpour MM,Tirado-Rives J,Deshmukh M,Ippolito JA,Zhang CH,Cabeza de Vaca I,Liosi ME,Anderson KS,Jorgensen WL
A consensus virtual screening protocol has been applied to ca. 2000 approved drugs to seek inhibitors of the main protease (M) of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. 42 drugs emerged as top candidates, and after visual analyses of the predicted structures of their complexes with M, 17 were chosen for evaluation in a kinetic assay for M inhibition. Remarkably 14 of the compounds at 100-μM concentration were found to reduce the enzymatic activity and 5 provided IC values below 40 μM: manidipine (4.8 μM), boceprevir (5.4 μM), lercanidipine (16.2 μM), bedaquiline (18.7 μM), and efonidipine (38.5 μM). Structural analyses reveal a common cloverleaf pattern for the binding of the active compounds to the P1, P1', and P2 pockets of M. Further study of the most active compounds in the context of COVID-19 therapy is warranted, while all of the active compounds may provide a foundation for lead optimization to deliver valuable chemotherapeutics to combat the pandemic.