title: SEVERE: Dispatcher initialization failed Unable to load configuration
body: <p>I am developing Struts 2 application and after all I am getting following error. </p>
  
  <pre><code>SEVERE: Dispatcher initialization failed
  Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/home/sachith/SourceCodeGroupCW/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp0/wtpwebapps/PcArcade/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.3.16.jar!/struts-default.xml:69:87
      at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:70)
      at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:445)
      at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:489)
      at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:74)
      at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:57)
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:281)
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:262)
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.&lt;init&gt;(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:107)
      at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4775)
      at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5452)
      at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559)
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549)
      at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334)
      at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166)
      at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
      at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
      at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724)
  Caused by: Unable to load bean: type: class:org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerThemeTemplateLoader - bean - jar:file:/home/sachith/SourceCodeGroupCW/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp0/wtpwebapps/PcArcade/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.3.16.jar!/struts-default.xml:69:87
      at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:245)
      at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.register(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:102)
      at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:234)
      at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:67)
      ... 17 more
  Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: freemarker/cache/TemplateLoader
      at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
      at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:788)
      at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142)
      at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.findClassInternal(WebappClassLoader.java:2918)
      at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.findClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1174)
      at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1669)
      at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1547)
      at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ClassLoaderUtil.loadClass(ClassLoaderUtil.java:144)
      at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:216)
      ... 20 more
  Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: freemarker.cache.TemplateLoader
      at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1702)
      at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1547)
      ... 29 more
  
  Dec 11, 2013 1:25:28 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext filterStart
  SEVERE: Exception starting filter struts2
  Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/home/sachith/SourceCodeGroupCW/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp0/wtpwebapps/PcArcade/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.3.16.jar!/struts-default.xml:69:87
      at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:501)
      at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:74)
      at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:57)
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:281)
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:262)
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.&lt;init&gt;(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:107)
      at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4775)
      at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5452)
      at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559)
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549)
      at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334)
      at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166)
      at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
      at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
      at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724)
  Caused by: Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/home/sachith/SourceCodeGroupCW/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp0/wtpwebapps/PcArcade/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.3.16.jar!/struts-default.xml:69:87
      at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:70)
      at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:445)
      at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:489)
      ... 15 more
  Caused by: Unable to load bean: type: class:org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerThemeTemplateLoader - bean - jar:file:/home/sachith/SourceCodeGroupCW/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp0/wtpwebapps/PcArcade/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.3.16.jar!/struts-default.xml:69:87
      at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:245)
      at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.register(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:102)
      at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:234)
      at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:67)
      ... 17 more
  Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: freemarker/cache/TemplateLoader
      at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
      at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:788)
      at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142)
      at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.findClassInternal(WebappClassLoader.java:2918)
      at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.findClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1174)
      at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1669)
      at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1547)
      at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ClassLoaderUtil.loadClass(ClassLoaderUtil.java:144)
      at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:216)
      ... 20 more
  Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: freemarker.cache.TemplateLoader
      at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1702)
      at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1547)
      ... 29 more
  
  Dec 11, 2013 1:25:28 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal
  SEVERE: Error filterStart
  Dec 11, 2013 1:25:28 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal
  SEVERE: Context [/PcArcade] startup failed due to previous errors
  Dec 11, 2013 1:25:28 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
  INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
  Dec 11, 2013 1:25:28 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
  INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"]
  Dec 11, 2013 1:25:28 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
  INFO: Server startup in 4877 ms
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>I can not even think why is that? And my other files are like below,</p>
  
  <p><strong>Action file</strong></p>
  
  <pre><code>public class PcArcadeAction {
  
      public String execute()
       {
        String success="success";
        return success;
       }
  }
  </code></pre>
  
  <p><strong>web.xml</strong></p>
  
  <pre><code>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt;
  &lt;web-app id="WebApp_9" version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"&gt;
  
   &lt;display-name&gt;PcArcade&lt;/display-name&gt;
   &lt;filter&gt; 
        &lt;filter-name&gt; struts2&lt;/filter-name&gt;
        &lt;filter-class&gt;
            org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter
        &lt;/filter-class&gt;
   &lt;/filter&gt;
  
   &lt;filter-mapping&gt;
        &lt;filter-name&gt;struts2&lt;/filter-name&gt;
        &lt;url-pattern&gt;/*&lt;/url-pattern&gt;
   &lt;/filter-mapping&gt;
  
   &lt;welcome-file-list&gt;
    &lt;welcome-file&gt;default.jsp&lt;/welcome-file&gt;
   &lt;/welcome-file-list&gt;
  &lt;/web-app&gt;
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>I am getting error in <strong>struts.xml</strong> and it says <strong>The public identifier must begin with either a single or double quote character</strong></p>
  
  <p><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/kBgNz.png" alt="enter image description here"></p>
  
  <p>Here is my folder structure :</p>
  
  <p><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/LBYqG.png" alt="enter image description here"></p>