title: Rails 3 to 4 wrong number of arguments error for empty hash argument
body: <p>I'm having a problem updating params after I switched to strong params. I'm getting a wrong number of arguments error, here's the trace:</p>
  
  <pre><code>Started PATCH "/profiles/rails/about_me" for 127.0.0.1 at 2014-09-23 12:14:19 -0700
  Processing by UsersController#about_me as 
    Parameters: {"utf8"=&gt;"✓", "user"=&gt;{"about_me"=&gt;"testt"}, "commit"=&gt;"Update Biography", "id"=&gt;"rails"}
    User Load (0.5ms)  SELECT  "users".* FROM "users"  WHERE "users"."deleted" = 'f' AND "users"."id" = 10  ORDER BY "users"."id" ASC LIMIT 1
     (0.2ms)  SELECT COUNT(*) FROM "terms" INNER JOIN "terms_users" ON "terms"."id" = "terms_users"."term_id" WHERE "terms_users"."user_id" = $1 AND "terms"."name" = 'application'  [["user_id", 10]]
    User Load (0.5ms)  SELECT  "users".* FROM "users"  WHERE "users"."deleted" = 'f' AND "users"."slug" = 'rails'  ORDER BY "users"."id" ASC LIMIT 1
  Completed 500 Internal Server Error in 14ms
  127.0.0.1 POST /profiles/rails/about_me 500 Internal Server Error UsersController#about_me JS 13.8 (DB 0.0, View 0.0) {"utf8"=&gt;"✓", "user"=&gt;{"about_me"=&gt;"testt"}, "commit"=&gt;"Update Biography", "id"=&gt;"rails"} {}
  ** [Airbrake] Notice was not sent due to configuration:         
    Environment Monitored? false         
    API key set? true
  
  ArgumentError - wrong number of arguments (2 for 1):
    app/models/user.rb:347:in `update_profile'
    app/controllers/users_controller.rb:173:in `shared_update'
    app/controllers/users_controller.rb:72:in `about_me'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/action_controller/metal/implicit_render.rb:4:in `send_action'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:189:in `process_action'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/action_controller/metal/rendering.rb:10:in `process_action'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:20:in `block in process_action'
    activesupport (4.1.6) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:113:in `call'
    activesupport (4.1.6) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:149:in `block in halting_and_conditional'
    activesupport (4.1.6) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:149:in `block in halting_and_conditional'
    activesupport (4.1.6) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:149:in `block in halting_and_conditional'
    activesupport (4.1.6) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:166:in `block in halting'
    activesupport (4.1.6) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:149:in `block in halting_and_conditional'
    activesupport (4.1.6) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:149:in `block in halting_and_conditional'
    activesupport (4.1.6) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:229:in `block in halting'
    activesupport (4.1.6) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:229:in `block in halting'
    activesupport (4.1.6) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:166:in `block in halting'
    activesupport (4.1.6) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:166:in `block in halting'
    activesupport (4.1.6) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:166:in `block in halting'
    activesupport (4.1.6) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:166:in `block in halting'
    activesupport (4.1.6) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:86:in `run_callbacks'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:19:in `process_action'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/action_controller/metal/rescue.rb:29:in `process_action'
    config/initializers/log_formatter.rb:22:in `block (2 levels) in &lt;top (required)&gt;'
    activesupport (4.1.6) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:159:in `block in instrument'
    activesupport (4.1.6) lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:20:in `instrument'
    activesupport (4.1.6) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:159:in `instrument'
    config/initializers/log_formatter.rb:21:in `block in &lt;top (required)&gt;'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/action_controller/metal/params_wrapper.rb:250:in `process_action'
    activerecord (4.1.6) lib/active_record/railties/controller_runtime.rb:18:in `process_action'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:136:in `process'
    actionview (4.1.6) lib/action_view/rendering.rb:30:in `process'
    rack-mini-profiler (0.9.2) lib/mini_profiler/profiling_methods.rb:108:in `block in profile_method'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:196:in `dispatch'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/action_controller/metal/rack_delegation.rb:13:in `dispatch'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:232:in `block in action'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:82:in `dispatch'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:50:in `call'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:73:in `block in call'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:59:in `call'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:678:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    apipie-rails (0.2.6) lib/apipie/static_dispatcher.rb:65:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    omniauth (1.2.2) lib/omniauth/strategy.rb:186:in `call!'
    omniauth (1.2.2) lib/omniauth/strategy.rb:164:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    bullet (4.13.2) lib/bullet/rack.rb:12:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    apipie-rails (0.2.6) lib/apipie/extractor/recorder.rb:97:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/rack/error_collector.rb:50:in `traced_call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:55:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/rack/agent_hooks.rb:26:in `traced_call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:55:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/rack/browser_monitoring.rb:23:in `traced_call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:55:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/rack/developer_mode.rb:48:in `traced_call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:55:in `call'
    warden (1.2.3) lib/warden/manager.rb:35:in `block in call'
    warden (1.2.3) lib/warden/manager.rb:34:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    rack (1.5.2) lib/rack/etag.rb:23:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    rack (1.5.2) lib/rack/conditionalget.rb:35:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    rack (1.5.2) lib/rack/head.rb:11:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    remotipart (1.2.1) lib/remotipart/middleware.rb:27:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/params_parser.rb:27:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/flash.rb:254:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    rack (1.5.2) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:225:in `context'
    rack (1.5.2) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:220:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb:560:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    activerecord (4.1.6) lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:36:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    activerecord (4.1.6) lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:621:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:29:in `block in call'
    activesupport (4.1.6) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:82:in `run_callbacks'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:27:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/reloader.rb:73:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb:76:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    airbrake (4.1.0) lib/airbrake/rails/middleware.rb:13:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    better_errors (2.0.0) lib/better_errors/middleware.rb:84:in `protected_app_call'
    better_errors (2.0.0) lib/better_errors/middleware.rb:79:in `better_errors_call'
    better_errors (2.0.0) lib/better_errors/middleware.rb:57:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/debug_exceptions.rb:17:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:30:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    railties (4.1.6) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:38:in `call_app'
    railties (4.1.6) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:20:in `block in call'
    activesupport (4.1.6) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:68:in `block in tagged'
    activesupport (4.1.6) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:26:in `tagged'
    activesupport (4.1.6) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:68:in `tagged'
    railties (4.1.6) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:20:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/request_id.rb:21:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    rack (1.5.2) lib/rack/methodoverride.rb:21:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    rack (1.5.2) lib/rack/runtime.rb:17:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    activesupport (4.1.6) lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache_middleware.rb:26:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    rack (1.5.2) lib/rack/lock.rb:17:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    actionpack (4.1.6) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:64:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    heroku-deflater (0.5.3) lib/heroku-deflater/skip_binary.rb:19:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    rack (1.5.2) lib/rack/deflater.rb:25:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    heroku-deflater (0.5.3) lib/heroku-deflater/serve_zipped_assets.rb:50:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    rack (1.5.2) lib/rack/sendfile.rb:112:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    airbrake (4.1.0) lib/airbrake/user_informer.rb:16:in `_call'
    airbrake (4.1.0) lib/airbrake/user_informer.rb:12:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    rack-mini-profiler (0.9.2) lib/mini_profiler/profiler.rb:300:in `call'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    railties (4.1.6) lib/rails/engine.rb:514:in `call'
    railties (4.1.6) lib/rails/application.rb:144:in `call'
    railties (4.1.6) lib/rails/railtie.rb:194:in `method_missing'
    newrelic_rpm (3.9.4.245) lib/new_relic/agent/instrumentation/middleware_tracing.rb:57:in `call'
    rack (1.5.2) lib/rack/content_length.rb:14:in `call'
    thin (1.6.2) lib/thin/connection.rb:86:in `block in pre_process'
    thin (1.6.2) lib/thin/connection.rb:84:in `pre_process'
    thin (1.6.2) lib/thin/connection.rb:53:in `process'
    thin (1.6.2) lib/thin/connection.rb:39:in `receive_data'
    eventmachine (1.0.3) lib/eventmachine.rb:187:in `run'
    thin (1.6.2) lib/thin/backends/base.rb:73:in `start'
    thin (1.6.2) lib/thin/server.rb:162:in `start'
    rack (1.5.2) lib/rack/handler/thin.rb:16:in `run'
    rack (1.5.2) lib/rack/server.rb:264:in `start'
    railties (4.1.6) lib/rails/commands/server.rb:69:in `start'
    railties (4.1.6) lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:81:in `block in server'
    railties (4.1.6) lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:76:in `server'
    railties (4.1.6) lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:40:in `run_command!'
    railties (4.1.6) lib/rails/commands.rb:17:in `&lt;top (required)&gt;'
    script/rails:6:in `&lt;main&gt;'
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>User.rb:347:update_profile:</p>
  
  <pre><code>def update_profile(attributes, options = {})
    return false if attributes.nil?
    previous_avatar = !has_default_avatar?
    assign_attributes(attributes, options)
    if valid?
      if about_me_changed? || attributes[:avatar]
        uploaded_avatar = (attributes[:avatar].nil?)? false : true
        BadgesStrategies::Profile.assign_based_on(self, about_me: [about_me_was, about_me], avatar: [previous_avatar, uploaded_avatar])
      end
    end
    save
  end
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>UsersController:shared_update:</p>
  
  <pre><code>def shared_update
    params[:user].delete(:password) if params[:user] &amp;&amp; params[:user][:password].blank?
    params[:user].delete(:password_confirmation) if params[:user] &amp;&amp; params[:user][:password].blank? and params[:user][:password_confirmation].blank?
  
    email_changed = params[:user] &amp;&amp; params[:user][:email] &amp;&amp; @user.email != params[:user][:email]
    if @user.update_profile(user_params)
      sign_in @user, bypass: true
      if email_changed
        if @user.pending_reconfirmation?
          flash[:notice] = "Success! Please check '#{params[:user][:email]}' for instructions to complete the update process."
        else
          flash[:notice] = "Successfully changed to '#{params[:user][:email]}'"
        end
      else
        flash[:notice] = "Your profile is successfully updated"
      end
    else
      flash[:alert] = (params[:user].nil? )? "ERROR: No user information sent for update" : "ERROR: #{@user.errors.full_messages.to_sentence}"
    end
  end
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>UsersController:about_me:</p>
  
  <pre><code>def about_me
    shared_update
    render partial: 'users/about_me', locals: { user: @user }
  end
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>Could somebody look through this and tell me what exactly is going wrong?  Is it a syntax error in Rails 4?</p>