# The Parliamentary Debates Official Report In The Third Session Of The Council Of States

commencing on the 11th February 1953 
 

## Council Of States

Wednesday,  11th *February*  1953 
The Council met at, four of the clock in the afternoon, MR. CHAIRMAN in the Chair. 

## President'S Address

SECRETARY: Sir, I beg to lay on the Table a copy of the President's Address to both Houses of Parliament assembled together today. 

THE 
PRESIDENT 
(DR. 

RAJENDHA 
PRASAD) : 


their labours, towards the goal that we have set before us. These nine months have seen advances on many fronts, industrial and agricultural, and the finalisation of the Five Year Plan, which has mapped out the lines of our progress in the coming years. It is for us now to march along that path and to implement and fulfil the promise held out fo our people. That is no easy task, for a multitude of old and new problems always tend to overwhelm us and our wishes often run faster than our capacity and resources. 

2. At this moment, when we require all the wisdom and experience of our leaders, it is a misfortune that we have lost one of the most eminent and devoted of our elder statesmen. 

I 
learnt with deep sorrow of the death yesterday, in the early morning, of Shri N. 

Gopalaswami Ayyangar, who had filled, in the course of a full life, many high offices with rare distinction. To the end of his days, regardless of his health and the leisure he had so richly earned, he devoted his life to the service of his country and people. His colleagues in the Government and I relied on his ripe wisdom whenever any difficult problem confronted us. 

His death is a great loss to the coun try and to all of us. 

3. While we labour in our own coun try to build up a new and prosperous India, bringing relief to the millions who have suffered so much in the past - from the curse of poverty, the problems of the rest of the world thrust them selves upon us and we cannot avoid them or isolate ourselves from them. 

My Government has no desire to inter fere with other countries, but it has to face the responsibility which has 
 
inevitably come with independence to India. 

We have endeavoured, as is well known, to pursue a policy of THE 
PRESIDENT 
(DR. 

RAJENBRA 
peace and of friendship with all the countries of the world. Gradually, that policy has been understood and appre ciated, even by those who may not always agree with it, and it is recog nised that India stands for peace among the nations and will avoid taking any step which might encour age the tendency to war.   In pursuit PRASAD): Members of Parliament, nine months ago, I welcomed you as members of the first Parliament of the Republic of India, elected under our Constitution. Since then, you have had to shoulder heavy burdens and to face difficult problems, both domestic and international. As we meet here today, we bring with us faith in our country's destiny and the assurance that our people are advancing, through made by the United Nations to deal with this problem have been ignored by the Government of the Union of South Africa. A movement against racial discrimination, which was remarkable for its peaceful and disciplined character, is sought to be crushed by legislation and governmental action, which are unique in their denial of democratic processes and the purpose which was proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations. In East Africa there is racial conflict which, if not ended to the satisfaction of the people, is likely to extend and engulf vast areas of Africa. There are many people still who do not realise that racial domination and discrimination cannot be tolerated in the world today and any attempt to perpetuate them can only lead to disaster. 

## G. Our Relations With Our Neighbour

of this policy, my Government put forward certain proposals which they hoped might lead to a settlement of the Korean war. Those proposals met with a very large measure of support, but unfortunately some of the great countries most intimately concerned were unable to accept them. This war continues not only to the utter misery and ruin of the people of Korea, but also as a focus of danger for the rest of the world. Certain statements recently made, and the consequences that might flow from them in extending the war in Korea, have caused considerable apprehension in the minds of people all over the world. My Government has viewed these developments with grave concern. I trust that any tendency towards an extension of the war which has already brought disaster in its train, \sjill be checked and the minds of nations and peoples will be turned towards a peaceful approach to these problems. 

My Government will continue to work to this end and will pursue a policy of friendship with all countries without any alignment with one group of nations against another. The democratic processes to which we are so firmly committed in our own country involve methods of peaceful approach to problems. If democracy is to survive, the same climate of peace and spirit of reconciliation has to be extended  to  the  
international  sphere. 

countries in Western and South-Eastern Asia continue to be close and friendly and there is an increasing measure of co-operation between us Even in regard to Pakistan, with which unfortunately our relations have been strained, there has been a certain improvement. That improvement is not very great, but it is an indication which I welcome. Recent conferences between representatives of the two countries have been held in a friendly atmosphere and will, I hope, yield results. 

The upheaval caused by the 
4. The General Assembly of the United Nations will meet again in the near future and will consider these grave problems, on which hangs the momentous issue of peace or war in the world. I earnestly hope that the great nations whose representatives will assemble there will address themselves to the introduction of the passport system between the two countries has subsided and many of the difficulties that were created bv this system are being gradually removed. I trust that this effort will be continued and directed towards the removal of the basic problems that still confront the minorities in East Bengal. 

7. The canal waters issue is being promotion of a spirit of reconciliation- and the fulfilment of the objectives embodied in the Charter of the United Nations. 

5. In the continent of Africa, which continues to be the greatest sphere of colonialism today, events have taken a turn for the worse. In South Africa, the doctrine of racial domination is openly proclaimed and enforced by all the  power  of  the  State. The  efforts considered at a technical level jointly by representatives of the two countries, assisted by the International Bank. This issue is eminently one which ought to be considered objectively and dispassionately so that the maximum advantage can be derived by both countries from the waters that flow through them. A great proportion of these waters run waste to the sea. If they can be properly harnessed, 
62 C of S. 

10. The question of linguistic provinces 
[The President.] they will bring relief and prosperity to vast numbers of human beings in both India and Pakistan. It is unfortunate that an issue like this should be treated in a spirit and atmosphere of rivalry and hostility. I trust that the new approach will yield fruitful and happy results to both countries. This approach can also be applied to the settlement of the evacuee property problem which affects the fortunes of millions of people both in India and Pakistan. 

8. Another vital issue between India and Pakistan has ba*n the Jammu and Kashmir State. 

This matter is again being discussed by our representatives with the Representative of the United Nations. 

That issue, like others, has to be considered dispassionately, keep ing always the welfare of the people of that State in view. It is not by war or threats of war that this, or any other outstanding problem between India and Pakistan, can be solved. 

has often agitated the people in various parts of the country. While language and culture are important considerations in the formation of States, it has to be remembered that the States are administrative units in the Union of India and that other considerations also have to be kept in mind. Above all, the unity of India and national security have always to be given the first priority. Financial and administrative aspects, as well as economic progress, are also important. Keeping all these factors in view, there is no reason why the question of the reorganisation of States should not be considered fully and dispassionately so as to meet the wishes of the people and help in their economic and cultural progress. I am glad that my Government has taken steps in the matter of the formation of a separate Andhra State :ind I hope that there will be no great delay in establishing this new State. Any such change as the establishment of a new State demands the fullest co-operation of all those concerned with it and I trust that this will be forthcoming. 

My Government has declared repeated ly that it will not go to war unless it is attacked, and has invited a like 

## 11. The Planning Commission Has

declaration by Pakistan. If fear of war was eliminated, it would be much easier to consider all the issues that confront us today. 

9. Internally, in the Jammu and Kashmir State, progress has been made in many ways. 

Our Constitu tion contains specific provisions about the relationship of India with the State, and by an agreement between the Gov ernment of India and the Jammu and Kashmir Government, the bonds that tie that State to India have been strengthened and made closer. A part of this agreement has been implement ed and the remaining part should also come into operation soon. 

Un completed the first part of its labours by finalising its report on the Five Year Plan. The other and the more difficult part, of implimenting this plan, now faces the country and to that we must address ourselves. I am glad to find that this Plan and the fifty-five Community Projects that have been started in the country are evoking a considerable degree of enthusiasm among our people. In the course of a few months, hundreds of miles of roads have been built, tanks dug, school houses constructed and many other minor projects undertaken, almost entirely by the voluntary labour of our people. That is a sign of hope and promise, for it lies with our people ultimately what they make of their future. 

fortunately a misconceived agitation was started in Jammu which, though 
12. The general economic situation in the aiming at a closer union with India, )B likely to have exactly the opposite effect. 

I 
trust that this misguided country shows distinct signs of improvement, although there are still unfortunately areas where, owing to lack  of rain,    near-famine conditions agitation will cease and the people of Jammu and Kashmir will co-operate for the progress and advancement of the State in the larger Union of India. Where there are legitimate grievances, they will undoubtedly be enquired into end every effort made to remove them. 

prevail. The State Governments are doing their utmost to give relief by utility works or otherwise .in these areas. The problem, however, has to be tackled in a more basic way so as to avoid recurrence of famine conditions and a complete dependence upon the vagaries of the monsoon. 

duction exceeded internal requirements. This made it possible to relax control over the prices, movement and distribution of sugar, as well as on gur and khandsari. With the easing of. the supply position of groundnut oil, controls of prices on hydrogenated oils have also been lifted, except those intended to ensure quality. 

13. The Finance Commission, constituted 
16. Very considerable progress has been towards the end of 1951 under the provisions of Article 280 of the Constitution, have submitted their report. The Commission's recommendations have been accepted by my Government and necessary action will be taken for implementing them. 

The made in cotton and jute production. In 1948- 49 cotton production amounted to 17;7 lakh bales and jute 20;7 lakh bales. In 1951-52 cotton had increased to 31 - 3 lakh bales and jute to 46 ;8 lakh bales. 

17. In order to add to the country's food recommendations of the Commission will be laid on the Table of £oth Houses of Parliament in the current session. 

14. There has been a steady improvement production, special attention is being paid to the construction of more than 2,000 tubewells and for an accelerated programme of minor irrigation works. Crop competitions are becoming increasingly popular all over the country and have yielded very remarkable results. Large-scale experiments are being made to introduce what is called the Japanese method of rice cultivation which promises substantial results in increase of yield. A large mechanised farm has been set up in Jammu Province. Vigorous attempts are being made for the extensive; application of fertilizers and other manure and fdr the use of improved seeds. The community centres are specially aiming at increasing the yield of foodgrains by various methods, including a rural extension service. 

18. For the improvement of cattle 92 key in the food situation and the closing stock for 1952 was 19 lakh tons, which is the highest on record so far. One of the factors in building up this stock was the wheat loan from the U.S.A. The prospects of foodgrains for 1952-53 are better than in the two preceding years. Owing mainly to the drought in parts of Bombay, Madras and Mysore, caused by an inadequate monsoon, foodgrains will have to be imported, but their quantity will be less than in the last two years. It is of the highest importance that we should gain self-sufficiency in food and I hope that this might be possible within the three remaining years of the Five Year Plan. For the first time we start this year with a considerable stock of food-grains. We should endeavour to build this up so that we can meet any contingency. Prices of ifoodgrains have shown a farm centres were started in 1951-52. In addition it is proposed to provide one key village unit in each Community Project area. Sheep breeding schemes have been downward trend in recent months. Controls have been relaxed in many parts of India and there is greater freedom of movement. The Government, however, intend to retain control at strategic points so that no untoward results may affect prices or procurement. 

15. The production of sugar during 1951-
reorganised to provide for the production of fine wool. A Board for the preservation of wild life has been set up. At Jodhpur a Desert Atforestation Research Station is being established. This will undertake work for the reclamation of arid areas. 

52 reached the record figure of 15 lakh tons and for the first time pro- 
19. The Sindri Fertilizer Factory produced 
180,000 tons of ammonium sulphate during 1952.   This is expected 
[The President.] to be increased to three 
24. The great multi-purpose river valley lakh tons in 1953.    The pool price has been reduced from R> 365 per ton to Rs. 335. 

20. The production of cotton textiles, which projects have made good progress and in some of them the operational phase will begin soon. Work on other projects has made steady progress. 

25. Steps are being taken to improve the efficiency of the Hindustan Shipyard   at Visakhapatnam   and   for  the 
- expansion of the Iron and Steel Industry. 

Production of coal, steel, cement, salt and fertilizers has reached higher levels than in the previous year. 

26. Scientific research has made further progress by the establishment of new National Laboratories and Research Institutes. 

A 
Central Electro-Chemical amounted to 4,600 million yards during 1952, was highly satisfactory and the prospects for the next year are good. The lower prices of mill-made cloth, though welcome, led to a fall in the offtake of handloom cloth and the handloom industry, which provides livelihood to millions of people in the country, was faced with serious difficulties. My Government attaches great importance to this and other cottage industries both because vast numbers of people are employed in them and because they are the most effective method of removing unemployment. An All-India Khadi and Village Industries Board has been established and legislation undertaken to raise funds for technical development and research for village and cottage industries. In order to help the handloom industry, the production of dhoties by Tiill industry was curtailed to sixty yer cent, of the  1951-52  production. 

21. The tea industry was badly affected by the fall in international prices. 

The Research Institute was opentd at Karaikudi and the Central Leather Research Institute at Madras. The Building Research Institute at Roorkee will be opened soon. A factory for processing monazite sands has been set up at Alwaye in Travancore-Cochin and a Machine Tool Prototype factory was recently opened at Amber-nath in Bombay State. The Hindustan Aircraft Factory at Bangalore has produced, from its own designs, a number of trainer aircraft which are being used now. A defence factory near Jubbulpore is nearing completion 
27. My Government has decided to take Government have taken measures to assist tea gardens to secure better credit facilities and propose to set up an expert committee to enquire into all aspects of the tea industry, including marketing. The price of tea is now showing some signs  of  improvement. 

22. The readjustment of world prices under State control the existing air companies and to operate the scheduled air services. It is proposed to establish two State Corporations for this purpose, one for internal services and the other for external services. 

28. Indian Railways are celebrating their affected foreign trade and exports fell in value and to a lesser extent, in quantity. The balance of payments position, however, continued to be satisfactory, as imports also declined. 

2a. My Government has been paying centenary next month. This great State undertaking belonging to the community is continuing its progress  and extending its operations. 

29. The progress of a people and of a special attention to the tribal areas in the North-East and other parts of India and help is being given for their development. A Commission to consider the problems of backward classes has been appointed. A Press Commission has also been appointed to consider problems of the newspaper press in India. 

nation ultimately depends upon education. 

My Government views with much concern the present state of education in the country which suffers in many ways, both in quality and quantity, and too much attention is paid to the granting of diplomas and degrees and not to the real improvement of the individual in cultural,       scientific       an       technical 
35. I earnestly trust, that wisdom and tolerance and the spirit of cooperative endeavour will guide you in your labours and will yield results for the good of the country and the people whom we are all privileged to serve. 

matters and. above all, in the training for good citizenship. Basic education has been adopted as the model, but progress in this has thus far been unfortunately slow. Many schemes for the improvement of basic, secondary and social education, are under con-jation and a Commission on Secondary Education has been appointed. 

## Eath Of Shri N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar

30. An over-all view of the situation in India indicates allround general progress at an increasing pace. This is a matter for satisfaction. But the goal we have set before us is still far and requires greater and continuous effort and an increasing pace of change. We aim at a Welfare State in which all the people of this country are partners, sharing alike the benefits and the obligations. So long as there is poverty and unemployment, a section of the community derives no benefit from this partnership. It is, therefore, necessary for us to aim at full and productive employment. 

31. A statement of the estimated receipts and expenditure of the Government of India for the financial year 1953-54 will be laid before you. The Members of the House of the People will be required to consider and pass the demands for grants. 

32. The House of the People will also be asked to vote supplementary grants to meet additional expenditure during the current financial year. 

 
33. There are 24 Bills pending before you. 

THE       PRIME       MINISTER       AND MINISTER FOR EXTERNAL AFFAIRS (SHRI JAWAHARLAL NEHRU) :  Mr. Chairman, before  this  House  enters  upon the labours of this session, may I refer to the passing away of a colleague of ours and the Leader of this House, Shri Gopalaswami Ayyangar?    During the last session he was unable to attend to the business of this House because of his illness, and we all thougftt that it was, if I might call it so, a temporary illness  which  would pass, because  we could   not   reconcile   ourselves to   the thought that he would not come back. We had come to rely upon him in so many matters that, as often happens, he became, in his own way, a kind of institution    in Government    to  whom all   turned   for advice   whenever   any difficulty arose.    And so we took this institution     for    granted. When    un-towards events take place, they rather shake  up the  whole  fabric  of  things. So it has been in this case, and though we grieve for him, in reality we grieve for ourselves, because he is not there for us to turn to.    We may send our messages of sympathy to    his   family and others,    and    it is right that    we should  do  so;  but  those  who  
require most sympathy are ourselves. 

Mr. 

Gopalaswami Ayyangar had a Some of them have passed the Committee stage. A few of them, which are still under consideration by the Committees, will be brought before you with their recommendations during the course of this session. 

34. Among the other legislative measures that it is intended to bring before you, the following may be especially mentioned : The Representation of the People (Amendment) Bill, the Bill on National Housing, the Air Services Corporation Bill, the Minimum Wages (Amendment) Bill, and the  Indian Tariff   (Amendment)  Bill. 

background and a record which, I suppose, is unusual in this House or among members of Government. Starting in the junior scale of Government service, he rose step by step till he seemed to be peculiarly fitted for any difficult problem or post of responsibility that might arise. In the course of his long and varied career he was, as the House might know, Prime Minister of the State of Jammu and Kashmir for five or six years. Those years were difficult    years.   Those    years were    war 