 bill  no xlviii of  2018 the constitution (amendment) bill, 2018 a billfurther to amend the constitution of indiabe it enacted by parilament in the sixty-ninth year of the republic of india as follows:—1 (1) this act may be called the constituton (amendment) act, 2018short title and commencemnet(2) it shall come into force with immediate effect2 in the constitution of india, for clause 4 of article 16, the following shall be  substituted, namely:—amendment of article 165''(4) nothing in this article shall prevent the state from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens, in proportion to their population which, in the opinion of the state, is not adequately represented in the services under the state'' statement of objects and reasonsin terms of the principles of affirmative action enabled under the constitution of india to ameliorate the conditions of other backward classes (obcs), periodic measures have been taken by the previous governments however, obcs have not secured representation proportionate to their population in government jobs2 the representation of the citizens from socially and educationally backward classes in government jobs, as provided by the constitution is only 27 per cent while their population is fairly more than this3 the proposed bill would enable adequate, reservation for obcs in appointments or posts and make the system of appointments more equitable and thereby increase the representation of obcs in proportion to their population in government jobs4 the bill seeks to achieve the above objectivesjaved ali khan annexure extract from the constitution of india16 (1) there shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the stateequality of opportunity in matters of public employment(2) no citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them, be ineligible for, or  discriminated against in respect of, any employment or office under the state(3) nothing in this article shall prevent parliament from making any law prescribing, in regard to a class or classes of employment or appointment to an office under the government of, or any local or other authority within, a state or union territory, any requirement as to residence within that state or union territory prior to such employment or appointment(4) nothing in this article shall prevent the state from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the state, is not adequately represented in the services under the state(4a) nothing in this article shall prevent the state from making any provision for reservation in matters of promotion, with conseqential seniority, to any class or classes of posts in the services under the state in favour of the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes which, in the opinion of the state, are not adequately represented in the services under the state(4b) nothing in this article shall prevent the state considering any unfilled vacancies of a year which are reserved for being filled up in that year in accordance with any provision for reservation made under clase (4) or clause (4a) as a separate class of vacancies to be filled up in any succeeding year or years and such class of vacancies shall not be considered together with the vacancies of the year in which they are being filled up for determining the ceiling of fifty per cent , reservation on total number of vacancies of that year ———— a billfurther to amend the constitution of india————(shri javed ali khan, mp)mgipmrnd—849rs(s3)—24-06-2019