 bill no xlviii of  2012 the constitution (one hundred seventeenth amendment) bill, 2012 a billfurther to amend the constitution of indiabe it enacted by parliament in the sixty-third year of the republic of india as follows:—short title and commencement1 (1) this act may be called the constitution (one hundred  seventeenth amendment)act, 2012(2) it shall be deemed to have come into force on the 17th day of june, 19955amendment of article 162 in the constitution, in part iii, in article 16, for clause (4a), the following clause shall be substituted, namely:––10 15"(4a) notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in the constitution, thescheduled castes and the scheduled tribes notified under article 341 and article 342, respectively, shall be deemed to be backward and nothing in this article or in article 335 shall prevent the state from making any provision for reservation in matters of promotions, with consequential seniority, to any class or classes of posts in the services under the state in favour of the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes to the extent of the percentage of reservation provided to the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes in the services of the state" statement of objects and reasonsthe scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes have been provided reservation in promotions since 1955 this was discontinued following the judgment in the case of indra sawhney vs union of india, wherein it was held that it is beyond the mandate of article 16(4)of the constitution of india subsequently, the constitution was amended by the constitution (seventy-seventh amendment) act, 1995 and a new clause (4a) was inserted in article 16 to enable the government to provide reservation in promotion in favour of the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes subsequently, clause (4a) of article 16 was modified by the constitution (eighty-fifth amendment) act, 2001 to provide consequential seniority to the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes candidates promoted by giving reservationthe validity of the constitutional amendments was challenged before the supreme court the supreme court while deliberating on the issue of validity of constitutional amendments in the case of m nagaraj vs uoi & ors, observed that the concerned state will have to show in each case the existence of the compelling reasons, namely, backwardness, inadequacy of representation and overall administrative efficiency before making provision for reservation in promotionrelying on the judgment of the supreme court in m nagaraj case, the high court of rajasthan and the high court of allahabad have struck down the provisions for reservation in promotion in the services of the state of rajasthan and the state of uttar pradesh, respectively subsequently, the supreme court has upheld the decisions of these high courts striking down provisions for reservation in respective statesit has been observed that there is difficulty in collection of quantifiable data showing backwardness of the class and inadequacy of representation of that class in public employment moreover, there is uncertainty on the methodology of this exercisethus, in the wake of the judgment of the supreme court in m nagaraj case, the prospects of promotion of the employees belonging to the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes are being adversely affecteddemands for carrying out further amendment in the constitution were raised by various quarters a discussion on the issue of reservation in promotion was held in parliament on 3-5-2012 demand for amendment of the constitution in order to provide reservation for the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes in promotion has been voiced by the members of parliament an all-party meeting to discuss the issue was held on 21-08-2012 there was a general consensus to carry out amendment in the constitution, so as to enable the state to continue the scheme of reservation in promotion for the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes as it existed since 1995in view of the above, the government has reviewed the position and has decided to move the constitutional amendment to substitute clause (4a) of article 16, with a view to provide impediment-free reservation in promotion to the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes and to bring certainty and clarity in the matter it is also necessary to give retrospective effect to the proposed clause (4a) of article 16 with effect from the date of coming into force of that clause as originally introduced, that is, from the 17th day of june, 1995new delhi;v  narayanasamythe 4th september, 2012 annexure extract from the constitution of india    16 (1)     equality of opportunity in matters of public employment(4a) nothing in this article shall prevent the state from making any provision for reservation in matters of promotion, with consequential seniority, to any class or classes of posts in the services under the state in favour of the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes which, in the opinion of the state, are not adequately represented in the services under the state      rajya  sabha————abillfurther to amend the constitution of india————(shri v narayanasamy, minister of state for personnel, public grievance and pensions)