 chapter vii the carriage by air  act, 1972(69 of 1972) chapter vii the carriage by air  act, 1972 table of contents|                               |                                                                  |    |    |    |     |    | rules   | pages   ||-------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------|----|----|----|-----|----|---------|---------|| 1                            | short title, extent  and commencement                           |   |   |   |    |   |        | 102     || 2                            | definitions                                                      |   |   |   |    |   |        |        || 3                            | application of convention of india                               |   |   |   |    |   |        |        || 4                            | application of amended convention to india                       |   |   |   |    |   |        | 103     || 5                            | liability in case  of death                                      |   |   |   |    |   |        |        || 6                            | conversion of francs                                             |   |   |   |    |   |        |        || 7                            | provisions regarding suits against high contracting parties      |    |    |    |     |    |         |         || who undertake carriage by air |                                                                 |   |   |   |    |   |        | 104     || 8                            | application of act to carriage by air which is not international |   |   |   | 104 |    |         |         || 9                            | repeal                                                           |   |   |   |    |   |        |        | schedulesthe first schedule104the second schedule111 chapter vii the carriage by air act, 1972(69 of 1972)3 application of convention of india—(1) the rules contained in the first schedule, being the  provisions of the convention relating to the rights and liabilities  of carriers, passengers, consignors,  consignees and other persons, shall, subject to the provisions of this act, have the force of law in  india in relation to any carriage by air  to which those rules apply, irrespective of the nationality of the aircraft performing the carriagean act  to give effect to the convention for the unification of certain rules relating to international carriage by air signed at warsaw on the 12th day of october, 1929 and to the said convention as amended by the hague protocol on the 28th day of september, 1955 and to make provision for applying the rules contained in the said convention in its original  form and in the amended form (subject to exceptions, adaptations and modification) to  noninternational carriage by air  and for matters connected therewithbe it enacted by parliament  in the twentythird year of the republic of india as follows:—1 short title, extent  and commencement- (1) this act  may be called the carriage by air act, 1972(2) it extends to the whole of india(2) the central government may, by notification in the official gazette, certify who are the high contracting parties to the convention, in respect of what territories they are parties  and to what extent they have availed themselves of the provisions of rule 36 in the first schedule and any such notification shall be  conclusive evidence of  the matters certified therein(3) it shall come into force  on such date as the central government may, by notification in the official gazette, appoint(3) any reference in the first schedule to the territory of any high contracting party to the convention shall construed as a reference to all the territories in respect of which he is a party2 definitions - in this act, unless the context otherwise requires, —(4) any reference  in the first schedule to agents of the carrier  shall be construed as including a  reference to servants  of the carrier(1) "amended convention" means theconvention  as amended by the hague protocol on the 28th day of september 1955;(2) "convention" means the convention forthe unification of certain rules relating to international carriage by air signed at warsaw on the 12th day  of october, 1929(5) every notification issued under subsection (2) of  section 2 of the indian carriage by air act, 1934 (20 of 1934) and in force immediately before  the commencement of this act shall be deemed to have been issued under sub-section (2) of this section and shall continue  to be in force until such notification is supersededwife or husband, parent, step-parent, grand-parent, brother,  sister, halfbrother, half-sister, child, step- child and grand-child :provided that in deducing any such relationship as aforesaid any illegitimate person and any adopted person shall be treated as being, or as having been, the  legitimate child of his mother and reputed father or, as the case may be, of his adopters4 application of amended convention to india - (1) the rules contained in the second scheduled, being the provisions of the amended convention relating to the rights and liabilities of  carriers , passengers,  consignors, consignees and other persons shall, subject to the provisions of this act, have the force of law in india in relation to any carriage by air to which those rules apply, irrespective of the nationality of the aircraft performing the carriage(2) the central government may, by notification in the official gazette, certify  who are the high contracting  parties  to the amended convention and in respect of what territories they are parties, and any  such notification shall be conclusive evidence of the matters certified therein(3) an action to enforce the liability may be brought by the personal representative of the passenger or by any person for whose benefit the liability is under sub-section (2) enforceable, but only one action shall be brought in india in respect of the death of any one passenger, and every such action by whomsoever brought shall be for the benefit of all such persons so entitled as aforesaid as either are domiciled in india or not  being domiciled there express a desire to take the benefit of the action(3) any reference in the second schedule to the territory of any high contracting party to the amended convention shall be construed as a reference to all the territories in respect of which he is party(4) any reference in the second schedule to agents of the carrier  shall be construed as including a reference to servants of the carrier(4) subject to the provisions of sub- section(5), the amount recovered in any such action, after deducting any costs not recovered from the defendant, shall be divided between the persons entitled in such proportion  as the court may direct5 liability in case  of death - (1)notwithstanding any thing contained in the fatal accidents act, 1855 (13 of 1855) or any other enactment or rule of law, in force in any part of india, the rules contained in the first schedule and in the second schedule shall, in all cases to which those rules apply, determine the liability of a carrier in respect of the death of a passenger(5) the court before which any such action is brought may, at any stage of the proceedings, make any such order as appears to the court to be just and equitable in view of the provisions of the first schedule or of the second schedule, as the case may be, limiting the liability of a carrier and of any proceedings which have been or are likely to be commenced outside india in respect of the death of the passenger in question(2) the liability shall be enforceable for the benefit  of such  of the members of the passenger's family as sustained damage by reason of his death6 conversion of francs - any sum in francs mentioned in rule 22 of the first schedule or of the second schedule, as the case may be, explanation - in this sub-section, the expression " member of a family" means exceptions adaptations and modifications, if any, as may be so specifiedshall, for the purpose  of any action against a carrier, be converted into rupees at the rate of exchange prevailing on the date on which the amount of damages to be paid by the carrier is ascertained by the court(2) the central government may, by notification in the official gazette, apply the rules contained in the second schedule and any provision of section 4 or section 5 or section 6 to such carriage by air, not being international carriage by air as defined in the second schedule, as may be specified in the notification, subject, however, to such exceptions, adaptations and modifications, if any, as may be so specified(3) every notification issued by the central government under section 4 of the indian carriage by air act, 1934 (20 of 1934) and in force immediately before the commencement of this act  shall be deemed to have been issued under  sub-section (1) and shall continue to be in force until such notification is superseded7 provisions regarding suits against high contracting parties who undertake carriage by air - (1) every high contracting party to the convention for the amended convention, as the case may be, who has not availed himself of the provision, of the additional protocol thereto shall, for the purposes of any suit  brought in a court in india in accordance with the provisions, or rule 28  of the first schedule, or of the second schedule, as the case may be, to enforce a claim in respect of carriage undertaken by him be deemed to have submitted to the jurisdiction of that court and to be person for the purposes of the code of civil procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908)9 repeal —the indian carriage by air act,1934 (20 of 1934) is hereby repealed the first schedule(see section 3)(2) the high court may make rules of procedure providing for all matters which may be expedient to enable such suits  to be instituted and carried on rules chapter i scope - definitions(3) nothing in this section shall authorise any court to attach or sell any property of a high contracting party to the convention or to the amended convention1 (1) these  rules apply to all international carriage of persons, luggage or goods performed by aircraft for reward they apply also to such carriage when performed  gratuitously by an air transport undertaking(2) in these rules " high contracting party"means a high contracting party to the convention8 application of act to carriage by air which is not international - (1) the central government may, by notification in the official gazette, apply the rules contained in the first schedule and any provision of section 3 or section 5 or section 6 to such carriage  by air, not being international carriage by air as defined in the first schedule, as may be specified in the notification, subject, however, to such chapter ii documents of carriage part i— passenger ticket3 (1) for the carriage of passengers the carrier must deliver a passenger ticket which shall contain the following particulars :—(a) the place and date of issue ;(b) the place of departure and of destination;(3) for the purpose of these rules the expression, " international carriage" means any carriage  in which according to the contract made  by the parties, the place of departure and the place of destination, whether  or not  there be a break in the carriage or  a transshipment, are situated either within the territories of two high contracting  parties,  or within the territory of a  single high contracting  party , if there is an agreed  stopping place within a territory subject  to the sovereignty, suzerainty, mandate or authority of another power,  even though that power  is not a party to the convention a carriage  without such an agreed stopping place between territories  subject to the sovereignty, suzerainty, mandate or authority of the same high  contracting party is not deemed to be international for the purposes of these rules(c) the agreed  stopping places, providedthat the carrier may reserve the right to alter the stopping places in case  of necessity, and that if he exercises that right, the alteration shall not have the effect of depriving the carriage of its international character;(d) the name and address of the carrier orcarriers;(e) a statement that the carriage is subject tothe rules relating to liability contained in this schedule(4) a carriage to be performed by several successive air carriers is deemed, for the purposes of these  rules, to be one undivided carriage, if it has been regarded by the parties as a  single operation,  whether  it has been agreed upon under the form  of a single contract or of a series of contracts, and it does  not loose its international character merely because one contract or a series  of contracts is to be performed entirely within a territory subject to the sovereignty, suzerainty, mandate or authority of the same high contracting party(2) the absence, irregularity or loss of thepassenger ticket does not affect the existence or the validity of the contract of carriage, which shall none the less be subject to these rules nevertheless, if the carrier accepts a passenger without a passenger ticket having been delivered he shall not be entitled to avail himself of those provision of his schedule which exclude or limit his liability2 (1) these rules apply to carriage performed by the state or by legally constituted public bodies provided it falls within the conditions laid down in rule 1 part ii - luggage ticket(2) these rules do not apply to carriage performed under the terms of any international postal convention4 (1) for the carriage of luggage, other than small personal objects of  which the passenger take charge himself, the carrier must deliver a luggage ticket(2) the luggage  ticket shall be made out in duplicate, one part for the passenger and the other part for the carriersubject to the provisions of rule, 9, be none  the less governed by these rules(3) the luggage ticket shall contain the following particulars :—(a) the place and  date of issue ;(b) the place of departure and of destination;6  (1) the air consignment note shall be made out by the consignor in three original parts and be handed over with the goods(c) the name and address of the carrier ofcarriers;(d) the number of the passenger ticket; (e) a statement that  delivery of the luggagewill be made to the bearer of the luggage ticket;(f) the number and weight of the packages;(2) the first part  shall be marked " for the carrier" and shall be signed by the consignor the second part shall be marked "for the consignee"; it shall be signed by the consignor and by the carrier and shall accompany the goods the third part shall be signed by the carrier and handed by him to the consignor after the goods have been accepted(g) the amount of the value declared inaccordance with rule 22(2);(3) the carrier shall sign an acceptance of the goods(h) a statement that the carriage is subject tothe  rules relating to liability contained in this schedule(4) the signature of the carrier may be stamped; that of the consignor may be printed or stamped(5) if , at the request  of the consignor, the carrier makes out the air consignment note, he shall be deemed, subject to proof to the contrary, to have done so on behalf of the consignor7 the carrier of goods has the right to require the consignor to make out separate consignment notes when there is more than one package(4) the absence, irregularity or loss of the luggage ticket does not affect the existence or the validity of      the contract of carriage, which shall none the less be subject to those rules nevertheless, if the carrier accepts luggage without a luggage ticket having been delivered, or  if the luggage ticket  does not contain the particulars set out at (d), (f) and (h) of sub-rule (3), the carrier shall not be entitled to avail himself of those provisions of the schedule which exclude or limit his  liability8 the air consignment note shall contain the following particulars :—(a) the place and date of its execution; part iii - air consignment note(b) the place of departure and of destination;5 (1) every carrier of goods has the right to require the consignor to make  out and hand over to him a document called an " air consignment note"; every consignor has the right to require the carrier to accept this document(c) the agreed stopping places, provided thatthe carrier may reserve the right to alter the stopping  places in case of necessity, and that if he exercises that right the alteration shall not have the effect of depriving the carriage of its international character;(2) the absence, irregularity or loss of this document does not affect the existence or the validity of the contract of carriage which shall,(d) the name and address of the consignor;himself of the provisions of this schedule which exclude or limit his liability(e) the name and address of the first carrier;(f) the name and address of the consignee,if the case so requires;(g) the nature of the goods;10 (1) the consignor is responsible for the correctness of the particulars and statements relating to the goods which he inserts in the air consignment note(h) the number of the packages, the methodof packing and the particular marks of numbers upon them;(2) the consignor will be liable for all damage suffered by the carrier or any other person by reason of the irregularity, incorrectness or incompleteness of the said particulars  and statements(i) the weight, the quantity and the volumeor dimensions of the goods;(j) the apparent condition of the goods andof the packing;11 (1) the air consignment note is prima facie evidence of the conclusion of the contract of the receipt of the goods and of the conditions of carriage(k) the freight, if it  has been agreed upon,the date and place of payment, and the person who is to pay it;(l) if the goods are sent for payment ondelivery, the price of the goods, and if the case so requires, the amount of the expenses incurred;(m) the amount of the value declared inaccordance with rule 22(2);(n) the number of parts of the airconsignment note;(2) the statements in the air consignment note relating to the weight, dimensions and packing of the goods, as well as those relating to the number of packages, are prima facie evidence of the facts stated; those relating to the quantity, volume and conditions of the goods do not constitute evidence against the carrier except so far as they both have been, and are stated in the air consignment note to have been checked  by him in the presence of the consignor, or relate to the apparent condition of the goods(o) the document handed to the carrier toaccompany the air consignment note;(p) the time fixed for the completion of thecarriage and a brief note of the route to be followed, if these matters have been agreed upon;(q) a statement that the carriage is subject tothe rules relating to liability contained in this schedule12 (1) subject to his liability to carry out all his obligations under the contract of carriage, the consignor has the right to dispose of the goods by with drawing them at the aerodrome of departure or destination, or by stopping them in the course of the journey on any landing or, by calling for them to be delivered at the place of destination or in the course of the journey to a person  other than the consignee named in the air consignment note, or by requiring them to be returned to the aerodrome of departure he must not exercise the right of disposition in such a way as to prejudice the carrier or other consignors  and  he must repay any expenses occasioned by the exercise of this right9 if the carrier accepts goods without an air consignment note having been made  out, or if the air consignment note does not contain all the particulars set out in rule 8 (a) to (i) inclusive and (q), the carrier shall not be entitled to avail(2) if it is impossible to carry out the orders of the consignor the carrier must so inform him forthwithby rules 12  and 13, each in his own name, whether he is acting in his own interest or in the interest  of another, provided that he carriers out the obligations imposed by the contract15 (1) rules 12, 13,  and 14 do not affect either the relations of the consignor or the consignee, with each other or the mutual relations of third parties whose rights are derived either from the consignor or from the consignee(3) if the carrier obeys the orders of the consignor for the disposition  of the goods without requiring the production of the part of the air consignment note delivered to the latter, he will be liable, without  prejudice to his right of recovery from the consignor, for any damage which may be caused thereby to any person who is lawfully in possession of that part of the air consignment note(2) the provisions  of rules 12, 13 and 14can only be varied by express provision in the air consignment note(4) the right conferred on the consignor ceases at the moment when that of the consignee begins in accordance with rule 13 nevertheless, if the consignee declines to accept the consignment note or the goods, or if he cannot be communicated with, the consignor resumes his rights of disposition16 (1) the consignor must furnish such information and attach to the air  consignment note such documents as are necessary to meet the formalities of customs, octroi or police before the goods can be delivered to the consignee the consignor is liable to the carrier for any damage occasioned by the absence, in sufficiency or irregularity of any such information or documents, unless the damage is due to the fault of the carrier or his agents(2) the carrier  is under no obligation to enquire  into the correctness or sufficiency of such  information or documents13 (1)  except in the circumstances set out in rule 12, the consignee is entitled, on arrival of the goods at the place of destination, to require the carrier to hand over to him the air consignment note  and to deliver the goods to him, on payment of the charges due and on complying with the conditions of carriage set out in the air consignment note chapter iii liability of the carrier(2) unless it is otherwise agreed it is the duty of the carrier to give notice to the consignee as soon as the goods arrive17 the carrier is liable for damage sustained in the event of the death or wounding of a passenger or any other bodily injury suffered by a passenger, if the accident which caused the damage so sustained took place on board the aircraft or in the course of any of the operations of embarking or disembarking(3) if the carrier admits the loss of the goods, or if the goods have not arrived at the expiration of seven days after the date on which they ought to have arrived, the consignee is entitled to put into force against the carrier the rights which flow from the  contract of carriage14 the consignor and the consignee can respectively enforce all the rights given to them18 (1)  the carrier is liable for damage sustained in the event of the destruction or loss of, or of damage to, any registered luggage or any goods, if the occurrence which caused the damage so sustained took place during the carriage by air22 (1) in the carriage of passengers the liability of the carrier for each passenger is limited to the sum of 1,25,000 francs where damages may be awarded in the form of periodical payments, the equivalent capital value of the said payments shall not exceed 1,25,000 francs nevertheless, by special contract the carrier and the passenger may agree to a higher limit of liability(2) the carriage by air within the meaning of sub-rule (1) comprises the period  during which the luggage  or goods are in charge of the carrier, whether in an aerodrome or on board an aircraft, or in the case of a landing outside an aerodrome, in any place whatsoever(3) the period of the carriage by air does not extend to any carriage by land, by sea or by river  performed outside an aerodrome if however, such a carriage takes place in the performance of a contract for carriage by air, for the purpose of loading, delivery or transshipment,  any damage is presumed, subject to proof to  the contrary, to have been the result of an event which took place during the carriage by air(2) in the carriage of registered luggage and of goods, the liability of the carrier is limited to a sum of  250 francs per kilogram, unless the consignor has made, at the time when the package was handed over to  the carrier, a special declaration of the value at delivery and has paid a supplementary sum it the case so requires in that case the carrier will be liable to pay a sum not exceeding the declared sum, unless he proves that sum is greater than the actual value to the consignor at delivery19 the carrier is liable for damage occasioned by delay in the carriage by air of passengers, luggage or goods(3) as regards objects of which the passenger takes charge himself the liability of the carrier is limited to 5,000 francs per passenger20 (1) the carrier  is not liable if he proves that he and his agents have taken all necessary measures to avoid the damage or that it was impossible for him or them to take such measures(4) the sums mentioned in this rule shall be deemed to refer to the french franc consisting of sixty-five and a half milligrams  gold of millesimal fineness nine hundred(2) in the carriage of goods and luggage the carrier is not liable if he proves that the damage was occasioned by negligent pilotage or negligence in the handing of the  aircraft or in navigation and that, in all other respects, he and his agents have taken all necessary measures to avoid the damage23 any provision tending to relieve the carrier of liability or to fix a lower limit than that which laid down in these rules shall be null and void, but the nullity of any such provision does not involve the nullity of the whole  contract which shall remain subject to the provisions of this schedule21  if the carrier prover that the damage was caused by or contributed to by the negligence of the injured person the court may exonerate the carrier wholly or partly from his liability24 (1) in the cases covered by rules 18 and19 any action for damages, however founded, can only be brought subject to the conditions and limits set out in this scheduleaforesaid, no action shall lie against the carrier, save in the case of fraud on his part(2) in the cases covered by rules 17, the provisions of sub-rule (1) also apply, without prejudice to the questions as to who are the persons who have the right  to bring suit and what are their respective rights27 in the case of the death of the person liable, an action for damages lies in accordance with these rules against those legally representing his estate25 (1) the carrier shall not be entitled to avail himself of the provisions of this schedule which exclude or limit his liability, if the damage is caused by his wilful misconduct or by such default on his part as is in the opinion of the court equivalent to wilful misconduct28 an action for damages must be brought at the option of the plaintiff, either before the court having jurisdiction where the carrier is ordinarily resident, or has his principal place of business, or has an establishment  by which the contract has been  made or before the court having jurisdiction at  the place of destination(2) similarly the carrier shall not be entitled to avail himself of the said provisions, if the damage is caused as aforesaid by any agent of the carrier acting within the scope of his employment29 the right of damages shall be extinguished  if an action is not brought within two years, reckoned from the date of arrival at the destination, or from the date on which the aircraft ought to have arrived, or from the date on which the carriage stopped26 (1)  receipt by the person entitled  to delivery of luggage or goods without complaint is prima facie evidence that the same have been delivered in good condition and in accordance with the document of  carriage30 (1) in the case of carriage to be performed by various successive carriers and falling within the definition set out in sub-rule (4) of rule 1, each carrier who accepts passengers, luggage or goods is subjected to the rules set out in this schedule, and is deemed to be one of the contracting parties to the contract of carriage in so far as the contract deals with that part of the carriage which is performed under his supervision(2) in the case of damage, the person entitled to delivery must complain to the carrier forthwith after    the discovery of the damage, and, at the latest, within three days   from the date of receipt in the case of  luggage and seven days from the date of receipt in the case of goods in the case of  delay the complaint must be made at the latest within fourteen days from the date on which the luggage or goods have been placed at his disposal(3) every complaint must be made in writing upon the document of carriage or by separate notice in writing despatched within the time aforesaid(2) in the case of carriage of this nature, the passenger or his representative can take action only against the carrier who performed the carriage during which the accident or the delay occurred, save in the case where, by express agreement, the first carrier has assumed liability for the whole journey(4) failing complaint within the times within one of the jurisdictions referred to in rule 2833  nothing contained in this schedule shall prevent carrier either from refusing to enter into any contract of carriage, or from making regulations which do not conflict with the provisions of this schedule(3) as regards luggage or goods, the passenger or consignor, will have the right of actionagainst the first carrier, and the passenger or consignee who is entitled to delivery will have a right of action against the last carrier, and further, each may take action against the carrier who performed the carriage during which the destruction, loss, damage or delay took place these carriers will be jointly and severally liable to the passenger or to the consignor or consignee chapter iv provisions relating to combined carriage34 this schedule does not apply to international carriage by air performed by way of experimental trial by air navigation undertakings with the view to the establishment of a regular line of air navigation, nor does it apply to carriage performed in extraordinary circumstances outside the normal scope of an air carrier's business35  the expression "days" when used in these rules means current days, not working days31  (1) in the case of combined carriage performed partly by air and partly by any other mode of carriage, the provisions of this schedule apply only to the carriage by air, provided that the carriage by air falls within the terms of rule 1(2) nothing in this schedule shall prevent the parties in the case of combined carriage from inserting in the document of air carriage conditions relating to other modes of carriage, provided that the provisions of this schedule are observed as regards the carriage by air chapter v36 when a high contracting party has declared at the time of ratification of or of accession to the convention that sub-rule (1) of rule 2 of these rules shall not apply to international carriage by air performed directly by the state its colonies protectorates or mandated territories or by any other territory under its sovereignty, suzerainty or authority, these rules shall not apply to international carriage by air so performed the second schedule general and final provisions (see section 4) rules chapter 1 scope—definitions32 any clause contained in the contract and all special agreements entered into before the damage occurred by which the parties purport to infringe the rules laid down by this schedule, whether by deciding the law to be applied, or by altering the rules as to jurisdiction, shall be null and void nevertheless for the carriage of goods, arbitration clauses are allowed, subject to these rules, if the arbitration is to take place in the territory of one of the high contracting parties1 (1) these rules apply to all international carriage of persons, baggage or cargo performed by aircraft for reward they apply equally to gratuitous carriage by aircraft performed by an air transport undertaking chapter ii documents of carriage(2)  in these rules, "high contracting party"means a high contracting party to the amended convention part i - passenger ticket3  (1) in respect of the carriage of passengers a ticket shall be delivered containing:(a) an indication of the places of departureand destination;(b) if the places of departure and destinationand within the territory of a single high contracting party one or more agreed stopping places being within the territory of another state, an indication of at least one such stopping place;(3) for the purposes of these rules, the expression, "international carriage" means any carriage in which, according to the agreement between the parties, the place of departure and the place of destination, whether or not there be a break in the carriage or a transshipment, are situated either within the territories of two high contracting parties or within the territory of a single high contracting party if there is an agreed stopping place within the territory of another state, even if that state is not high contracting party carriage between two points within the territory of a single high contracting party with an agreed stopping place within the territory of another state is not international carriage for the purposes of these rules(c) a notice to the effect that, if thepassenger's journey involves an ultimate destination or stop in a country other than the country of departure, the amended convention may applicable and that the amended convention governs and in most cases limits the liability of carriers for death or personal injury and in respect of loss of, or damage to, baggage(4) carriage to be performed by several successive air carriers is deemed, for the purposes of these rules to be one undivided carriage if it has been regarded by the parties as a single operation, whether it had been agreed upon under the form of a single contract or of a series of contracts, and it does not lose its international character merely because one contract or a series of contracts is to be performed entirely within the territory of the same state2  (1)  these rules apply to carriage performed by the state or by legally constituted public bodies provided it falls within the conditions laid down in rule 1(2)   these rules shall not apply to carriage of mail and postal packages(2) the passenger ticket shall constitute prima facie evidence of the conclusion and conditions of the contract of carriage the absence, irregularity or loss of the passenger tickets does not affect the existence or the validity of the contract of  carriage which shall, none the less, be subject to these rules nevertheless, if, with the consent of the carrier, the passenger embarks without a passenger ticket having been delivered, or if the ticket does not include the notice required by sub-rule (1) (c) of this rule, the carrier shall not be entitled to avail himself of the provisions of rule 22 part ii - baggage checkhe shall not  be entitled to avail himself of the provisions of sub-rule (2) of rule 22 part iii - air way bill4 (1) in respect of the carriage of registered baggage, a baggage check shall be delivered, which, unless combined with or incorporated in a passenger ticket which complies with the provisions of sub-rule (1) of rule 3 shall contain :5 (1) every carrier of cargo has the right to require the consignor to make out and hand over to him a document called an "air  waybill"; every consignor has the right to require the carrier to accept this document(a) an indication of the places of departureand destination;(2) the absence, irregularity or loss of this document does not affect the existence or the validity of the contract of carriage which shall, subject to the provisions of rule 9, be none the less governed by these rules(b) if the places of departure and destinationare within the territory of a single high contracting party, one or more agreed stopping places being within the territory of another state, and indication of at least one such stopping place;6 (1) the air waybill shall be made out by the consignor in three original parts and be handed over with the cargo(c) a notice to the effect that, if the carriageinvolves an ultimate destination or stop in a country other than the country of departure, the amended convention may be applicable and that the amended convention governs and in most cases limits the liability of carriers in respect of loss of, or damage to, baggage(2) the first part shall be marked "for the carrier", and shall be signed by the consignor the second part shall be marked "for the consignee"; it shall be signed by the consignor and by the carrier and shall accompany  the cargo the third part shall be signed by the carrier and handed by him to the consignor after the cargo has been accepted(3) the carrier shall sign prior to the loading of the cargo on board the aircraft(4) the signature of the carrier may be stamped; that of the consignor may be printed or stamped(5) if, at the request of the consignor, the carrier makes out the air  waybill, he shall be deemed, subject to proof to the contrary, to have done so on behalf  of the consignor(2) the baggage check shall constitute prima facie  evidence of the registration of the baggage and of the conditions of the contract of the carriage the absence, irregularity or loss of the baggage check  does not affect the existence or the validity of the contract of carriage which shall, none the less, be subject to these rules nevertheless, if the carrier takes charge of the baggage without a baggage check having been delivered or if the baggage check [unless combined with or incorporated in the passenger ticket which complies with the provisions of sub-rule (1) (c) of rule 3] does not include the notice required by sub-rule (1) (c) of this rule,7 the carrier of cargo  has the right to require  the consignor to make out separate waybills  when there is more than one package8 the air waybill shall contain :(a) an indication  of the places of departureand  destinationcargo as well as those relating to the number of packages, are prima facie evidence of the facts stated; those relating to the quantity,  volume and condition of the cargo  do not constitute evidence against the carriers except so far as they both have been, and are stated in the air waybill to have been, checked by him in the presence of the consignor, or relate to the apparent condition of the cargo(b) if the places of departure  and destinationare within the territory of a  single high contracting party, one or more agreed stopping places being within the territory of another state, an indication of at least one such stopping place;(c) a notice to the consignor to the effectthat, if the carriage involves an ultimate destination or stop in a  country other than the country of departure,  the amended convention may be applicable and that the amended convention governs and in most  cases limits the liability of carriers in respect of loss of, or damage to, cargo12 (1) subject to his liability to carry out all his obligations under the contract of carriage, the consignor has the right to dispose of the cargo by withdrawing it at the aerodrome of departure or destination, or by stopping it in the course of the journey on any landing, or by calling for it to be delivered at the places of destination or in the course of the journey to a person other than the consignee named in the air waybill or by requiring it to be returned to the aerodrome of departure he must not exercise this right of disposition in such a way as to prejudice  the carrier or other consignors and he must  repay any expenses occasioned by the exercise of this right9 if, with the consent of the carrier, cargo is loaded on board the aircraft without an air waybill having been made out, or if the air waybill does not include the notice required by rule 8(c), the carrier shall not be  entitled to avail himself of the provisions of sub-rule (2) of rule 22(2) if it is  impossible to carry out the orders of the consignor the carrier must so inform him forthwith10 (1) the consignor is responsible for the correctness of the particulars and statements relating to the cargo which he inserts in the air waybill(3) if the carrier  obeys the orders of the consignor for the disposition of the cargo without requiring the production of the part of the air waybill delivered to the latter, he will be liable, without prejudice to his right  of recovery from the consignor, for any damage which may be caused thereby to any person who is lawfully in possession of that part of the air waybill(2) the consignor shall indemnify the carrier against all damage suffered by him, or by any other  person to whom the carrier is liable, by reason of the irregularity, incorrectness or incompleteness of the particulars and statements furnished by the consignor11(1)  the airway bill is prima facie evidence of the conclusion of the contract of the receipt of the cargo and of the conditions of carriage(4) the right conferred on the consignor ceases at the moment when that of the consignee begins in accordance with rule 13 nevertheless, if the consignee declines to accept  the waybill or the cargo, or if he cannot be communicated with, the consignor resumes his right of disposition(2) the statements in the air waybill relating to the weight dimensions and packing of the consignor is liable to the carrier  for any damage occasioned by the absence, insufficiency  or irregularity of any such information or documents, unless the damage is due to the fault of the carrier or  his servants or agents13 (1) except in the circumstances set out in the preceding rule, the consignee is entitled on arrival of the cargo at the place of destination to require the carrier to hand over to him the air waybill and to deliver the cargo to him, on payment  of the charged due and on complying with the conditions of carriage set out in the air waybill(2) the carrier is under no obligation to enquire into the correctness or sufficiency of such information or documents chapter iii liability of the carrier(2) unless it is otherwise agreed, it  is the duty of the carrier to give notice  to the consignee as soon as the cargo arrives(3) if the carrier admits the loss  of the cargo, or if the cargo has not arrived at the expiration  of seven days after the date on which it  ought to have arrived, the consignee is entitled to put into force against the carrier the rights which flow from the contract of carriage17 the carrier is liable for damage sustained in the event of the death or wounding of a passenger or any other bodily injury suffered by a passenger, if the accident which caused the damage so sustained took place on board the aircraft or in the course of any of the operations of embarking or disembarking14 the consignor and the consignee can respectively enforce all the rights  given to them by rules 12 and 13 each in his own  name, whether  he is acting in his own interest or in the interest of another, provided  that he carries out the obligations imposed by the contract18 (1) the carrier is liable for damage sustained in the event of the destruction or loss of, or of damage to, any registered baggage or any cargo, if the occurrence which caused the damage so sustained took place during the carriage by air15 (1) rules 12, 13 and 14 do not affect either the relations of the consignor or the consignee with each other or mutual relations of third parties  whose  rights are derived either from the consignor or  from the consignee(2) the carriage by air within the meaning of the preceding sub-rule comprises the period during which the baggage or cargo is in charge of the carrier, whether in an aerodrome or on board an aircraft, or, in the case of a landing outside an aerodrome, in any place whatsoever(2) the provisions of rules 12, 13 and 14can only be varied by express provision in the air  waybill(3) nothing in these rules prevents the issue of a negotiable air waybill16(1) the consignor must furnish such information and attach to the air waybill such documents as are necessary to meet the formalities of customs, octroi or police before the cargo can be delivered to the consignee the(3) the period of the carriage by air does not extend to any carriage by land, by the sea or by river performed outside an aerodrome if however, such a carriage takes place in the performance of a contract for carriage by air, for the purpose of loading, delivery or transshipment, any damage is presumed, subject to proof to the contrary, to have been the result of an event which took place during the carriage by air19 the carrier is liable for damage occasioned by delay in the carriage by air of passengers, baggage or cargo20 the carrier  is not liable if he proves that he and his servants or agents have taken all necessary measures to avoid the damage or that it was impossible  for him or them to take such measuresobject contained therein, the weight to be taken into consideration in determining the amount to which the carrier's liability is limited  shall be only  the total weight of the packages or packages  concerned nevertheless,  when the loss damage or delay of a part of the registered baggage or cargo, or of an object contained therein, affects the value of other packages covered by the same baggage check or the same air waybill, the total weight of such package or packages shall also be taken into consideration in determining the limit of liability21 if the carrier  proves that the damage was caused by or contributed to by the negligence of the injured person the court may, in accordance with the provisions of its own law, exonerate the carrier wholly or party from his liability(3) as regards objects of which the passenger takes charge himself the liability of the carrier is limited to 5,000 francs per passenger22 (1) in the carriage of persons the liability of the carrier for each passenger is limited to the sum of 2,50,000 francs where in accordance with the law of the court seized  of the case, damages may be awarded in the form of periodical payments the equivalent capital value of the said payments shall not exceed 250000 francs nevertheless, by special contract, the carrier  and the passenger may agree to a  higher limit of liability(4) the limits prescribed in this  rule  shall not prevent the court  from awarding, in accordance with its own law, in addition, the whole or part of the court costs and of the other expenses of the litigation incurred by the plaintiff the foregoing provision shall not apply if the amount  of the damages awarded, excluding court cost and other expenses of the litigation, does not exceed the sum which the carrier has offered in writing to the plaintiff within a period of six months from the date of the occurrence causing the damage, or before the commencement of  the action, if  that is later(2) (a) in the carriage of registered baggage and of cargo, the liability of the carrier is limited to a sum of 250 francs per kilogram, unless the passengers or consignor has made, at the time when the package was handed over  to the carrier, a special declaration of interest in delivery at destination and has paid a supplementary sum if the case so requires in that case the carrier will be liable to pay  a sum not exceeding the declared sum, unless he proves that, that sum is greater  than the passenger's or consignor's actual interest in delivery at destination(5) the sums mentioned in francs in this rule shall be deemed to refer to a currency unit consisting of sixty-five and a half milligrams of gold of millesimal fineness nine hundred these sums may be converted into national currencies  in round figures conversion of the sums into national currencies other  than gold shall, in case of judicial proceedings, be made according to the gold value of such currencies at the date of the judgement(b) in the case of loss,  damage or delay of part of registered baggage or cargo, or of any(2) the aggregate of the amount recoverable from that he acted within the scope of his employment, shall not exceed the said limits23 (1) any provision tending to relieve  the carrier of liability or to fix a lower limit than that which is laid  down in these rules shall be null and void, but the nullity of any such provision does not involve the nullity of the whole contract, which shall remain subject to the provisions of these rules(3) the provisions of sub-rules  (1) and (2)of this rule shall not apply if it is proved that the damage resulted from an act or omission of the servant or agent done  with intent to cause damage or recklessly and with knowledge that damage would probably result(2) sub-rule (1) of this rule shall not apply to provisions governing loss or damage resulting from the inherent defect,  quality or vice of the cargo carried27 (1) receipt by the person entitled to delivery of baggage or cargo without complaint is prima facie evidence that the same has been delivered in good condition and in accordance with the document of carriage24 (1) in the cases covered by rules 18 and19 any action for damages, however founded, can only be brought subject to the conditions and limits  set out in these rules(2) in the cases covered by rule 17 the provisions of the preceding sub-rule also apply, without prejudice to the questions as to who are the persons who have the right to bring suit and what are their respective rights(2) in the case of damage, the person entitled  to delivery must complain to the carrier  forthwith after the discovery of the damage, and, at the latest,  within seven days from the date of receipt in the case of baggage and fourteen days from the date of receipt in the case of cargo in the case of delay the complaint must be made at the latest within twenty one days from the date on which the baggage or cargo have been placed at his disposal25 the limits of liability specified in rule22 shall not apply if it is proved that the damage resulted from an act or omission of the carrier, his servants or agents, done with intent  to cause damage or recklessly and with knowledge that damage would probably result; provided that in the case of such act or omission of a servant or agent, it is also proved that he acting within the scope of his employment(3) every complaint must be made in writing upon the document of carriage or by separate notice in writing despatched  within the times aforesaid(4) failing  complaint within the times aforesaid, no action  shall lie against the carrier, save in the case of fraud on his part28 in the case of the death of the  person liable, an action for damages lies in  accordance26(1) if an action is brought against a servant or agent of the carrier arising out of damage  to which these  rules relate, such servant or agent, if he proves  that he  acted within the scope of his employment,   shall be entitled  to avail himself of the limits of liability which that carrier himself is  entitled to invoke under rule 22agreement, the first carrier has assumed liability for the whole journeywith the terms of these rules against those legally representing  his estate29 (1) an action for damages must be brought, at the option of the plaintiff, in the territory of one of the high contracting parties, either before the court having jurisdiction where the carrier  is ordinarily resident, or has his principal place of business, or has an establishment by which the contract has been made or before the court having jurisdiction at the place of  destination(3) as regards baggage or cargo, the passenger or consignor will have a right or action against the first carrier, and the passenger or consignee who is entitled to delivery  will have a right of action against the last carrier, and further,  each may take action against the carrier who performed the carriage during which the destruction, loss, damage or delay took place these carriers will be jointly and severally liable to the passenger or to the consignor or consignee(2) questions of procedure shall be governed by the law of the court seized of the case chapter iv provisions  relating to combined carriage30 (1) the right to damages shall be extinguished if an action is not brought within two years, reckoned  from the date of arrival at the destination, or from the date on which the aircraft ought to have arrived, or from the date on which the carriage stopped32 (1) in the case of combined carriage performed partly by air and partly by any other mode of carriage, the provisions of this schedule apply only to the carriage by air, provided that the carriage by air falls within the terms of rule 1(2) the method of calculating the period of limitation shall be determined by the law  of the court seized of the case(2) nothing in this schedule shall prevent the parties in the case of combined carriage from inserting in the document of air carriage conditions relating to other modes of carriage, provided that the provisions of this schedule are observed as regards the carriage by air chapter v general and final provisions31 (1) in the case of carriage to be performed  by various successive carriers and falling within the definition set out in sub-rule (3) of rule 1, each carrier  who accepts passengers, baggage or cargo is subjected to the rules set out in this schedule, and is deemed to be one of the contracting  parties to the contract of carriage in so far  as  the contract deals with that part of the carriage which is performed under his supervision33 any clause contained in the contract and all special agreements entered into before the damage occurred by which the parties purport to infringe the rules laid down by this schedule,(2) in the case of carriage of this nature, the passenger or his representative can take action only against the carrier who performed the carriage during which the accident or the delay occurred, save in the case where, by express regulations which do not conflict with the provision of this schedulewhether by deciding the law  to be applied, or by altering the rules as to jurisdiction, shall be null and void nevertheless, for the carriage of cargo arbitration clauses  are allowed, subject to these rules, if the arbitration is to take place within one of the jurisdictions referred to in sub-rule (1) of rule 2935 the provisions of rules 3 to 9 (inclusive)relating to documents of carriage shall not apply in the case of carriage performed in extraordinary circumstances  outside the normal scope of an air  carrier's business34 nothing contained in this schedule shall prevent the carrier either from refusing to enter into any contract of a carriage, or from making36 the expression "days" when used in these rules means current days, not working days