(c) "council" means the national council for teacher education established under sub-section (1) of section 3; (d) "examining body" means a university, to which an institution is atfiliated for conduct teacher education qualifications: (e) "institution" means an institution which offers courses or trainings in teacher education; (f) "member" means a member of the council and includes the chairperson and vice-chairperson; (g) "member-secretary" means the member-secretary of the council appointed under clause (c) of sub-section (4) of section 3; (k) "prescribed" means prescribed by rules made under section 31; (i) "recognised institution" mea ns an institution recognised by the council under section 14; 15 (j) "regional commitiee" means a committee established under section 20; (k) "regulations" means regulations made under section 32; () "teacher education" means programmes of education, research or training of persons for equipping them to teach at 2 pre-primary, primary, secondary and senior secondary stages in - schools, and includes non-formal education, pari-time education, adult education and correspondence education: (m) "teacher education qualification" means a degree, diploma or certificate in teacher education awarded by university or exami- ae ning body in accordance with the provisions of this act; 7 (n) "university" means a university defined under clause (f) | ot section 2 of the university grants commission act, 1956, end includes an institution deemed to be a university under section 3 of that act; (0) "vice-chairperson" means the vice-chairperson of the council appointed under clause (b) of sub-section (4) of section 3  establishment of the councilestablishment of the 3 (1) with effect from such date as the central government may, by , notification in the official gazette, appoint, there shall be established 9 - council to be calle@ the national coumei for teacher education council (2) the council shall be a body corporate by the name aforesaid, having perpetual succession and a common seal, with power to contract - and shall by the said name, sue and be sued (3) the head office of the council shall be at delhi and the council may, with the previous approval of the central government, establish regional] offices at other places in indiaagency or authority ing examinations in _ (&) the council shall consist of the following members, namely: - (a) a chairperson to be appointed by the centra] government; (b) a vice-chairperson to be appointed by the central government; (c) a member-secretary to be appointed by the central government; (d) the secretary to the government of india in the department dealing with education ex officio; (e) the chairman, the university grants commission established 10 under seciion 4 of the university grants commission act, 1956 or a member thereof nominated by him, ex officio; (f) the director, national council of educational research and training, ex-officio; 15 (g) the director, national institute of educational planning and administration, ex-officio; (h) the adviser (education), planning commission, ex-officio, (i) the chairman, central board of secondary education, exeificio; 20 (j) the financial adviser to the government of india in the department dealing with education in the government of india; (k) the member-secretary, ail-india council for technical education, ea-officio; (l) the chairpersons of all regional committees, ex-officio; (m) thirteen persons possessing experience and knowledge in 25 the field of education or teaching to be appointed by the central government as under from amongst the— (i) deans of faculties of education and professors of education in universities —four (ii) experts in secondary teacher education —qone 30 (iti) experts in pre-primary and primary teacher education —three (iw) experts in non-formal education andadult education / —two; 35 (v) experts in the fields of natural sciences, social sciences, linguistics, vocational education, work experience, educational technology and special education by rotation in the manner prescribed —three (n) nine members to be appointed by the central government to represent the states and the union territory administrations in the manner prescribed; (0) three members of parliament of whom one shall be nominated by the chairman of the council of states and two by the speaker of the house of the people;(p) three members to be appointed by the central government from amongst teachers of primary and secondary education and teachers of recognised institutions i (5) it is hereby declared that the office of the member of the council shall not disqualify its holder for being chosen as or for being a member « of either house of parliament, 4, (1) the chairperson, vice-chairperson and the member-secretary shail hold office on a full-time basis, term of office and conditions (2) the term of office of the chairperson, the vice-chairperson and member, the member-secretary shall be four years, or till they complete the age 19 of sixty years, whichever is earlier, q (3) the conditions of service of the chairperson, vice-chairperson and the member-secretary shall be such as may be prescribed, (4) the term of cilice of members other than the members specified in clauses (a) fo (i) and clause (0) of sub-section (4) of section 3 shall be two ), years or til fresh appointments are made, whichever is later, and other conditions of service of such membeis skali be such 25 may be prescribed (5) lf a casual vacancy occurs in the office of chairperson, whether by reason of death, resignation or inability to discharge the functions of a chairperson owing to illness or other incapacity, the vice-chairperson 5 holding office as such for the time being, shall act as the chairperso vf and shall, unless any other person is appointed earlier as chairperson, hold office of the chairperson for the remainder of the term of office of the person in whose place the said person is to so act (6) if a casual vacancy occurs in the office of the vice-chairperson 3, or any other member, whether by reason of death, resignation or inability to discharge his functions owing to illness or other incapacity, such vacancy shal be filled up by making fresh appointmen: and the person so appointed shall hold office for the remainder of the term of the office of the person in whose place such person is so appointed, 4 (7) the chairperson shall, in addition to presiding over the meetings of- the council, exercise and discharge such powers and duties of the council as may be delegated to him by the council and such other powers and: duties as may be prescribed, (8) the vice-chairperson shall perform such functions as may de 3 assigned to him by the chairperson from time to time 4 5 a person shall be disqualified for being appointed as a member | if           | he—    | '2a    ||--------------|--------|--------|| disquali-    |        |        || fication     |        |        || for          | office |        || of           |        |        || member      |        |        || (a)          |        |        || has          |        |        || been         |        |        || convicted    |        |        || and          |        |        || sentenced    |        |        || to           |        |        || imprisonment |        |        || for          |        |        || an           |        |        || offence,     |        |        || which,       |        |        || in          |        |        || the          |        |        || opinion      |        |        || of           |        |        || the          |        |        || central      |        |        || government,  |        |        || involve      |        |        || s            |        |        || 4            |        |        || moral        |        |        || turpitude;   |        |        || or           |        |        || (b)          | is     | an     || =            |        |        |(e) has in the opinion of the central gove r 'other interest in the council as i moe re scharge by him of his functions as a member a seog oh vi 1 mament shall remove a a "member =o oh i sb sie of the aaisestiens mentioned in > section 5: al, ¥4 cry ay uhre it mtn ~ soars _, provided hat no jember shall be removed rane ground has become subject to the disqualification mentioned in clause (e) of that section, unless he has been given a reasonable a eupaekunits of being: ee in the matter; or bes etna) x apt 0) reine euceer iow tneballe of acting; or - sg fhe 0, > facial 'i oe ny to | am, «% j i | absence from the couneil, absent ' i ls 4 ' ' - arise ane behest 1g | pon ae fo render hi conn 5 in office detrimental to the public interest, er ary "2 all? lear re » an ry nes he nas een no member shall be removed under this clause eye fee rile oe 'matter :  y ae - —_— "ch a"  1, @) the ( ae ; arm 'at such time and places, and shall 25 obser sae rules sebecdie regard to the transaction of business eetings (including the quorum at such meetings) as may be pro- 'vided by regulations: : provided br ~ couneil shall meet at least once every year ; th cnseebaci and in the absence of the chairperson, th the vice ers on shall preside at the meetings of the council , eases me 'ons ng i fi ser 'both are unable to tesla gees asf any chee mecber chosen by "rs present at the tnbehing sat preside at that nieve pnb plow win < a tyrant @ ilar aay o sat bagasse) a meeting of "pe ma ng dere _ votes ot the ; za vacan- 8 no act or proceeding of the council shall be invalid merely by reason of— cles, etc, not to invalidate pro- (a@) any vacancy in, or any defect in the constitution of, the council; or of the council (b) any defect in the appointment of a person acting as a 5 member of the council; or (¢) any irregularity in the procedure of the council, not affecting the merits of the case power to co-opt 9 (1) the council may vo-opt, in such manner and for such purposes etc, as may be determined by regulations, not more than three persons, whose 10 assistance or advice it may desire in carrying out any of the provisions of this act (2) the persons co-opted by the council under sub-section (1) for any purpose shall have a right to take part in the discussions relevant to that purpose, but shall not have a right to vote ata meeting of the 15 council, and shall not be a member for any other purpose 10, (1) for the purpose of enabling the council to discharge ifs functions efliciently under this act, the council shall, subject to such regulations as may be made in this behalf, appoint (whether on deputation or otherwise) such number of officers and other employees as it may consider necessary: provided that the eategory of pnsts equivalent to group 'a' posts appointment of officers and other em- ployces of the council in the central government shall be subject to the approval of the central government (2) every officer cr other employee appointed by the council shail he - subject fo such conditions of service as may be determined by the regulations 5 authentication u1 all orders and decisions of the council shall be authenticated by the signature of the chairperson or any other member authorised by the council in this behalf, and all other instruments issued by the council shall be authenticated by the signature of the member-secretary or any other officer of the council authorised in like manner in this behalf by the chairperson of the orders and other instruments of the council  functions of the counncrlfunctions of the council 12 it shall be the duty of the council to take all such steps as it may think fit for ensuring planned and co-ordinated development of teacher education and for the determination and maintenance of standards 'for teacher education and for the purposes of performing its functions under this act, the council may— | (a) undertake surveys and studies relating to various aspects of teacher education and publish the results thereof; (b) -make -- recommendations to the governments, universities, university grants commission and recognised institutions in the matter of preparation of suitable plans" and programmes in thr ald of teacher education; central and state " 7 ~—4, (cy) co-ordinate and monitor teacher education and its development in the country; (d) lay down guidelines in respect of minimum qualifications for a person to be employed as a teacher in scheols or in recognised institutions; (e) lay down norms for any specified category of courses or training in teacher education, including the minimum _ eligibility criteria for admission thereof, and the method of selection of candidates, duration of the course, course contents and mode of curriculum; ; (f) lay down guidelines for compliance by recognised institutions for starting new courses or training, and for providing physical and instructional facilities, staffing pattern and staff qualifications; (g) lay down standards in respect of examinations leading to teacher education qualifications, criteria for admission to such exsminations and schemes of courses or training; (h) lay down guidelines regarding tution fees and other fees chargeable by institutions; (i) promote and conduct innovation and research in various areas of teacher education and disseminate the results thereof; (j) examine and review periodically the implementation of the norms, guidelines and standards laid down by the council, and to suitably advise the recognised institutions; - (k) evolve suitable performance appraisal systems, norms and mechanisms for enforcing accountability on recognised institutions; ™~  _ (1) formulate schemes for various levels of teacher education; and identify institutions and set up new institutions for teacher development programmes; (m) take all necessary steps to prevent commercialisation of teacher education; and  -  (n) perform such, other functions as may be entrusted to it by the central government_ 18 (1) for the purposes of ascertaining whether the institutions are ' functioning in accordance with the provisions of this act the couineil 35 may cause inspection of any institution to be made by such persons as it may direct, and in such manner as may be prescribed (2) the: council shall communicate to the - institutinn the date on which inspection under sub-section (1) is to be made and the institution shall be entitled to be associated with the inspection in such manner 4) as may be prescribed (3) the council shall communicate to the institution, its views in regard to the results of anv such insnection and mav after ascertaining the opinion of that institution, recommend to that institution the action to be taken as a result of such inspection inspection(4) all communications to the institution under this section shall be  reecognrtion or teacher education institutionsrecognition of 14 (1) every inst'tution offering or intending to offer a cource or training in teaiher education on or afer the appointed day, may for grant - of recognition under this act, make an aplication to the regional com- 1 i manner as may be determined by regulations: instjtutions offering course or training in teacher education, (2) the fee to be paid along with the a pplication under sub-section (1) shall be such as may be prescribed (3) on receipt of an application by the regional commitete from any 49 institution under sub-section (1), and after obtaining from the institu- - tion concerned such other particulars as it may consider necessary, it shall,— institution, subject to such conditions gulations; or; (b) if it is of the opinion that such institution does not fulfil the requirements laid down in sub-clause (a), pass an order refusing tecornition to such institution for reasons to be recorded in writing: provided that before passing an order under su gional commitee shall provide a reasonable opnortu institution for making a writen representation, (4) every order sranting or refusig recognition to an institution for a course or trainine in teach ers education under sub-section (3) shall be published in the official gazette and communicated in writing ' nt and the central : government (5) every institution, in resnect shall discontinye the course or training in teacher educati of te academic session next folowing the dae of receipt of he order 4s refusing recognition passed under clause (b) of sub-section (3)as may be determined by reb-clause (b), the renity to the concerned 33 oncerned examining 40  (6) every examining body shall, on receipt of the order under subsection (4),— | : (a) grant affiliation to the institution, where recognition has been granted; or (b) cancel the affiliation of the institution, where recognition has been refused 15 (1) where any recognised institution intends to start any new course or training in teacher education, it may make an application to seek permission therefor to the regional committee concerned in such 49 form and in such manner as may be determined by regulations (2) the fee to be paid along with the application under sub-section (1) shall be such as may be prescribed (3) on receipt of an application from an institution under sub-section (1), and after obtaining from the recognised institution such other parti- 15 culars as may be considered necessary, the regional committee shall,— (a) if it is satisfied that such recognised institution has adequate financial resource, accommodation, library, qualified staff, laboratory and that it fulfils such other conditions required for proper conduct of the new course or training in teacher education, as may be determined by regulations, pass an order granting permission, subject to such conditions as may be determined by regulation, or (b) if it is of the opinion that such institution does not fulfil the requirements laid down in sub-clause (a), pass an order refusing permission to such institution, for reasons to be recorded in writing: provided that before passing an order refusing permission under sub-section (b), the regional cnmmittee shall provide a reasonable opportunity to the institution concerned for making a written representation  (4) every order granting or refusing permission to a recognised institution for a new course or training in teacher education under sub-section (3), shall be published in the official gazette and communicated in writing for appropriate action to such recognised institution and to the concerned examining body, the local authority, or the state government and the central government 16 notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, no examining body shall, on or after the appointed day,— 5 (a) grant affiliation, whether provisional or otherwise, to any institution; or : (b) hold examination, whether provisional or otherwise, for a course or training conducted by a recognised institution, ) unless the institution ccncerned has obtained recoguition from the regional committee concerned, under section 14 or permission for a course or training under section 15 permission for 3 new course or training by recognised institution, grant affiliation after recognition or bd permission of the council,contravention 37, (1) where the rex onal commitice is, on ifs own motion or dn any representation received from aqy person, satisfied that a recognised of provisions of institution has contravened any of the provisions of this act, or the subject to which recognition under sub-section (3) of section 14 or the act and rules, regulations, orders made or issued thereunder, or any condition eonsequenees permission under sub-section (3) of section 15 was granted, it may withdraw recognition of such recognised institution, for reasons to be thereof recorded in writing: provided that no such order against the recognised institution shall be passed unless a reasonable opportunity of making representation agai nst the proposed order has been given to such recognised institution: provided further that the order wiithdrawing or refusing recognition passed by the regional committee shall come into force only with effect from the end of the academic session next following the date of communication such order (4) a copy of every order passed by the regional committee und sub-section (1) ,— f (2) shall be communicated to the recognised institution concerned and a copy thereof shall also be forwarded simultaneously to the university or the examining body to which such institution + was affiliated for cancelling affiliation; and (6) shall be published in the official gazette for general inform oo tion (3) once the recognition of a recognised institution is withdrawn under sub-section (1), such institution shall discontinue the course or traini ig in teacher education, and the concerned university or the examining body shall cance] affiliation of the institution in accordance with the order passed under sub-section (1), with effect from the end of the academic session next following the date of communication of the said order, (4) if an institution offers any course or training in teacher educa- tion after the coming into force of the order withdrawing recognition under sub-section (1), or where an institution offering a course or training in teacher education immediately before the appointed day fails or neglects to obtain recognition or permission under this act, the qualification in teacher education obtained pursuant to such course or training or after undertaking a course or training in such institution, shall not be treated as a valid qualification for purposes of employment under the central government, any state government or university, or in any school, college or other educational body aided by the central gov- 4 ernment or any state government appeals 18 (1) any person aggrieved by an order made under section 14, or section 15 or section 17 of the act may prefer an appeal to the council within such period as may be prescribed (2) no appeal shall be admitted if it is preferred after the expiry of the period prescribed therefor: provided that an appeal may be admitted after the expiry of the period prescribed therefor, if the appellant satisfies the council, that het - ag! 5 had sufficient cause for not preferring the appeal within the prescribed period, (3) every appeal made under this section shall be made in such form and shall be accompanied by a copy of the order appealed against and 5 by such 'fees as may be prescribed (4) the procedure for disposing of an appeal shall be such as may be prescribed: provided that before disallowing an appeal, the appellant shall be given a reasonable opportunity to represent its case 10 (5) the council may confirm or reverse the order appealed against  ghapter mi gacw tous ot omrortactrne  bopres of the council19 (1) the council shall constitute a committee, called the executive committee for discharging such functions as may be assigned to it by 15 the council or as may be determined by regulations ae (2) the executive committee shall consist of the following members, namely: - (a) the chairperson; (b) the vice-chairperson; ~ 20 (c) the member-secretary; (d) the secretary to the government of india in the department dealing with education ea officio; (e) the secretary, university grants commission, ex officio; (f) the director, national council of educational research and training, ex officio; (g) the financial adviser to the government of india in the department dealing with education, ex officio; (h) four experts in teacher education to be nominated by the central government; ~ (i) four state representatives to be nominated by the central government in such manner as may be prescribed; (9) the chairpersons of the regional committees (3) the chairperson and the member-secretary of the council shall ively, function as the chairperson and the member-secretary of the executive committee (4) the chairperson or in his absence, the vice-chairperson of the cil shall preside at the meetings of the executive committee and in absence of both the chairperson and the vice-chairperson, any other ber chosen by the members present at the meeting shall preside (5) the quorum necessary for the transaction of business at the meetings of the executive committee shall be as laid down by regulations (6) the executive committee may co-opt, in such manner and for such purposes, ag may be determined by regulations, not more than two - persons whwse assistance and advice it may desire in carrying out any of the functions assigned ig the executive committee: to that purpose, but shall not have a right to vote at a mectiny of the 10 executive committee, and shall not be a member for any other purpose, (7) the council may, if it considers necessary, establish such other committees, for such specific purpose, as it may deem fit misa 20 (1) the council shall, by notification in the official gazette, establish aoe the following regional committees, namely:— () the eastern regicnal committee; (ii) the western regional committee; (ii) the northern regional committee; and (iv) the southern regional committee, (2) the council may, if it considers necessary, establish with the approval of the central government, such other regional committees a3 it may deem fit (3) the regional committee shall consist of the following members, namely:— (a) a member to be nominated by the council; (6) one representative from cach of the state and the union territories of the region, to be siominated by the respective states and the union territories; (c) such number of persons, having special knowledge and experience in matters relating to teacher education, as may be determined by regulations, (4) the council shall nominate one of the members of the concerned regional committee to function as ube chairperson of the said committee (5) the term of office of the members referred to in clause (c) and the allowances payable to such members shalt be such as may be determined by regulations, 35 (6) the regional committee shall, in addition to its functions under sections 14, 15 and 17, perform such other functions, as may be assigned to it by the council or as may be determined by regulations, (7) the functions of, the procedure to be followed by, the territorial jurisdiction of and the manner of filling casual vacancies among 40 members of, a regional committee shall be such as may be determined by regulations leo 25 21 (1) if the council is of the opinion that a regional committee power to is unable to perform, or has persistently made default in the performance termi- - of the duties imposed on it by or under this act or has exceeded or abused &te the its powers, or hus wilfully or without sufficient cause, failed to comply soe: with any direction issued by the council for carrying out the provisions of tae this act, the council may, by notification in the official gazette, terminate forthwith the regional committee (2) upon the publication of a notification under sub-section (1) ,— (a) all members of the regional committee shall, notwithstanding that their term of office had not expired, as from the date of the termination, vacate their office as such members; and (b) all the powers and duties which may, by or under the provisions of this act be exercised or performed by or on behalf of the regional committee shall, during the period when the term of office of its members stand terminated, be exercised and performed by such person or persons as the council] may direct (3) the council may at any time after publication of a notification under sub-section (2), re-constitute the regional committee in the manner provided in sub-section (3) of section 20 20 provided that it shall be competent for the council to appoint any person, who was a member of a regional committee which was terminated, as a member of the re-constituted regional committee  chapter vi finance, accounts and audit22 the central government may, after due appropriation made by payment parliament by law in this behalf, pay to the council in each financial to the year such sums as may be considered necessary for the performance of council the functions of the council under this act 23 (1) the counci! sha'l have i!s own funds; and all sums which may fund of from time to time, be paid to it by the central government or a state the government and all the receipts of the council including any sum council which any other authority or person in india or abroad may pay to the council, shall be credited to the fund and all payments by the council shall be made therefrom 35 (2) all moneys belonging to the fund shall be deposited in such banks or invested in such manner as may be decided by the council (3) the council may spend such sums as it thinks fit for performing its functions under this act, and such sums shall be treated as expenditure payable out of the fund of the council 21 the council shall prepare, in such form and at such time cach budget year as may be prescribed, a budgei! in respect of the financial year next of the ensuing, showing the estimated receipts and expenditure, h8 se eee council shall be forwarded to the central government, annual report | 25 the council shall prepare once every year, in such form and such time as may be prescribed, am annual report giving a true and fi account of its activities during the previous year and copies thereof shi be forwarded to the central government and that government sha cause the same to be laid before both houses of parliament, 26 (1) the council shall cause to be maintained such books ¢ account in such form and in such manner as the central gove ment accounts and audit prescribe (2) the council shall, as soon as may be, after closing its annual accounts, prepare a statement of accounts in such form and forward th same to the comptroller and auditor-general of india by such date as the central government may, in consultation with the comptroller and auditor-general, determine - (3) the accounts of the council shall be audited by the comptroller and auditor-general of india at such times and in such manner as thinks fit (4) the accounts of the council as certified by the comptroller and auditor-general of india or any other person appointed by him in this behalf, together with the audit report thereon shall be forwarded annually | to the central government and that government shall cause the same to be laid before both houses of parliament  (miscbllaneousdelegation of powers and functions 27 the council may, by general or special order in writing, delegate 2 to the chairperson or to any other member or to any officer of the regional committee, subject to such conditions and limitations, if any, as may be sepcified in the order, such of its powers and functions under this act (except the power to make regu'stions under section 32) as it may deem necessary 28, no prosecution or other legal proceeding shall] lic against the cen- protection of action in good faith tral government, the council or any commitees appointed by it, or any member of the council or member of such committees, or any officer or employee of the central government or the council or any other person authorised by that government or the council, for anything which is in 3: good faith done or intended to be done under this act or the rules or regulations made thereunder directions by 29 (1) the council shall, in the discharge of its functions and duties under this act be bound by such directions on questions of policy as the central government may give in writins to it from time to time central government, (2) the decision of the central government as to whether a question is one of policy or not shall be final, _ 30 (1) if the central government is of the opinion that the council power to 'is we to perform, or has persistently made default in the performance supersede of the duties imposed on it by or under this act or has exceeded or abused a ls _its powers, or has wilfully or without sufficient cause, failed to comply = with any direction issued by the central government under section 29, the central government may, by notification in the official gazette, supersede the council for such period as may be specified in the notification: provided that before issuing a notification under this sub-section, the central government shall give a reasonable opportunity to the 0 council to show cause why it should not be superseded and shall consider the explanation and objections, if any, of the council (2) upon the publication of a notification under sub-section (1) superseding the council— (a) all the members of the council shall, notwithstanding that their term of office had not expired as from the date of supersession, vacate their offices as such members; (b) all the powers and duties which may, by or under the provisions of this act be exercised or performed by or on behalf of the council shall, during the period of supersession, be exercised and performed by such person or persons as the central government may direct; (c) all property vested in the council shall, during the period of supersession, vest in the central government (3) on the expiry of the period of supersession specified in the noti- 25 fication issued under sub-section (1), the central government may— (a) extend the period of supersession for such further period as it may consider necessary; or (b) reconstitute the council] in the manner provided in section 3 31 (1) the central government may, by notification in the official power to 30 gazette, make rules to carry out the provisions of this act rt rules (2) in particular, and-without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing powers, such rules may provide for all or any of the following matters, namely:— (a) the manner in which the central government is to appoint 35 experts to the council under sub-clause (v) of clause (m) of subsection (4) of section 3; : (b) the manner in which the central government is to appoint members to the council from amongst the states and the union territory administrations under clause (n) of sub-section (4) of section 3; _ (ce) the conditions of service of the chairperson, the vice-chairperson and the member-secretary under sub-section (3) and of members under sub-section (4) of section 4;(d) the powers and duties of the chairperson under sub-section (7) of section 4; (e) the manner in which and of an institution is to be made an tion is to be associated in suc! 1 inspection under sub-sections (1) and ' (2) of section 13; (f) the fees payable on application for obtaining under sub-section (2) of section 14 aad for obt sub-section (2) of section 15; (j) the manner and the form in which the accounts of council are to be maintained under sub-section ( 1) of section 26; (k) any other matter which has to be, or may be prescribed power ig raphe +e guletiom 32 (1) the counci: may, by notification jn the official gazette make regulations not inconsistent with the provisions of this act id the rules made thereunder, generally to carry out the provisions a this act (2) in particular, and without prejudice to the generality of he foregoing power, such regulations may provide for all or any of following matters, namely: - (a) the time and the plac procedure for conducting bu ¢ of the meetings of the council and th siness threat under sub-section (1) 9) section 7: (b) the manner in which and the purposes for which person may be co-opted by the council und er sub-section (1) of section 9: ; (c) the appointment and terms and conditions of service 9 officers and other employees of the council under sub-sectiong (1) an (2) respectively of section 10; (4) the norms, guidelines and standards in respect of~ (7) the minimum qualifications for a person to be employs as a teacher under clau se (d) of section 12; (ii) the specified category of courses or training in education under clause {e) of section 12:the persons by whom the inspection d the manner in which the institurecognition aning permission under (iii) establishment of new institutions, and starting of new courses or training in existing institutions under clause (f) of section 12; a (iv) standards in rgspect of examinations leading to teacher education qualifications referred to in clause (g) of section 12; (v) the tuition fees and other fegs chargeable by institutions under clause (h) of section 12; (e) the schemes for various levels of teacher education, _ and identification of institutions for offering teacher davelopment programmes under clause (1) of section 12; ({) the form and the manuer in which an application for recogni- _ tion is to be submitted under sub-section (1) of section 14; (g) conditions required for the proper functioning of the institution and conditions for granting recognition under clause (a) of subsection (3) of section 14; (h) the form and the manner in which an application for permissions is to be made under sub-section (1) of section 15; (i) conditions required for the proper conduct of a new course or training and conditions for granting permission under clause (a) of sub-section (3) of section 15; (j) the functions which may be assigned by the council to the - executive committee under sub-section (1) of section 19; (k) the procedure and the quorum necessary for transaction of business at the meetings of the executive committee under sub-section (5) of section 19; (1) the manner in which and the purposes for which the executive committee may co-opt persons under sub-section (6) of section 19; (m) the number of persons under clause (c) of sub-section (3) of section 20; (n) the term of office and allowances payable to members under sub-section (5) of section 20; (o) additional functions to be performed by the regional committee under sub-section (6) of section 20; (p) the functions of the procedure to be followed by, the territorial jurisdiction of, and the manner of filling casual vacancies amon? bers of a regiona) committee under sub-section (7) of section 20; (q) any other matter in respect of which provision is to be, or ay be, made by regulationsrules and 33, every rule and every regulation made under this act shall be laid, regulaas soon as may be after it is made, before each house of parliament, while ey  it is in session, for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised bigeres in one session or in two or more successive sessions, and if, before the parliaexpiry of the session immediately following the session or the successive 5 ment sessions aforesaid, both houses agree in making any modification in the 10 validity of anything previously done under that rule or regulation sowing 34 (1) if any difficulty arises in giving effect to the provisions of this difficul- act, the central government may, by order, published in the official ties, gazette, make such provisions not inconsistent with the provisions of this act as may appear to be necessary for removing the difficulty: 15 provided that no order shall be made under this section after the expiry of two years from the commencement of this act (2) every order made 'under this section shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before each house of parliament statement of objects and reasonsthe national council for teacher education (ncte) was set up in 1973 by a government resolution as a national expert body to advise central and state governments on all matter pertaining to teacher education, ncte's status and role have so far been purely advisory and, mainly due to this reasons, it has had very little impact on the standards of teacher training institutions in the country and on their unplanned growth, 2 to maintain the standards of teacher education, the national policy on education (npe) stated that the ncte would be provided with necessary resources and capability of accredit institutions of teacher education and provide guidance regarding curricula and methods the programme of action prepared for implementation of the npe in 1986, realising the inherent difficulties in the constitution of the ncte to be able to guide the system of teacher education, envisaged conferring it with statutory status, 3 the present bill seeks to provide statutory powers to the ncte with the objective of determination, maintenance and coordination of standards in teacher education, laying down norms and guidelines for various courses, promotion of innovation in this field and establishment of a suitable system of continuing education of teachers, 4, the bill seeks to empower the council to make qualitative improvement in the system of teacher education by phasing out sub-standard institutions and courses for teacher education, the ncte would also be empowered to grant recognition to institutions for teacher education and permission to recognised instituions for new course or training in teacher education, the bill also provides for delegation of various powers to regional committees and other committee for effective implementation of the function of the council 5 the notes on clauses kaa to the bill explain the various provisions of the bill s 6, the bill seeks to achieve the above objects new delhr; | i arjun singh the i3th august, 1992  notes on clausesclause 2 provides for definitions of "appointed da "recognised institution", "regiona , "teacher education" and certain other e titution", "member" "prescribed", committee", "regulations" sions used in the bill ciause 3 provides for establishment of the nati teacher education ( ncte) clause 4 makes of the council and provisions for the terms of the office of the conditions of service of the members, cause § enumerates disqualification s of the members of the council, circumstances under which a member of the clause 6 lays down the council can be removed clause 7 provides for procedure, etc of the meetings of the council, acancies, etc, in the council 'would j no , clause 8 provides that the v invalidate its proceedings , clause § empowers the council for co-option of persons as members cf the council, 'cause 10 provides for appointment of officers and other employees _ of the council and for their conditions of service, remuneration and other benetits bee clause 11 provides for authentication of the orders and other instru _ ments of the council clause 12 sets out functions of the council for planned and coordinated development of teacher edtcati on systems and for the determinaa tion and maintenance of standards in teacher education this includes c laying down guidelines in respect of minimum qualifications for a person to he employed as-a teagher in schools or in recognised ins'itutions, and to lay down norms and standards for any specified category of courses or tra'ning in teacher education, including the minimum eligibility criteria for admission and methods of selection, of the candidates duration of the course, course contents, mode of curriculum, etc clause 13 provides for inspection by the council of any institution, - course and training,  clause 14 provides for grant of recognition to institutions in teacher education on or after the appointed day claise 15, provides for grant of permission for a new course or training by recognised institutions clause 16 provides that every affiliating body shall grant affi'iation to ®n institution for a course or training in teacher education, only after it has received recognition from the council, clause 17 relates to contravention of the provisions of the act and consequences thereof  a ee 7 " y"', "council", ry] ne onal council for members » ~_   2)clause 18 provides for filing of appeals to the council against the orders passed by the regional committees clause 19 provides for constitution of the executive committee of the council as also the functions of the executive commitiee - clause 20 provides for the setting up of regional committees of the council and their composition, functions and territorial jurisdiction clause 21 relates to the power of the council to terminate a regional committee clause 22 provides for payment of sums by the central government to the council] for performance of its functions under the act clause 23 relates to the fund of the council as also its utilisation clause 24 relates to the preparation of the budget of the council in respect of each financial year, showing the estimated receipts and clause 25 provides for the preparation and laying of annual report of the council by central gnvernment before both the houses of parliament clause 26 provides for maintenance of accounts of the council and its audit by the comptroller and auditor-general of india clause 27 empowers the council to delegate some of its powers and functions to the chairperson, members, elc, of the regional committees clause 28 provides for protection of action taken in good faith by the council, its members, its committees and their members, and other officers against prosecution or lega! proceeding clause 29 provides for giving of direction by the central government to the council on questions of policy, clause 30 empowers the central government to supersede the council in the case of persistent default in the performance of the duty imposed on it by or under the act or if the central government is satisfied that the council has exceeded or abused its powers or has wilfully or without sufficient cause failed to comply with any direction issued by the central government clause 31 empowers the council to make rules to carry out the provisions of the act this may include appointment of members of the council frorn amongst the states and union territory administrations, laying down of fees, procedure regarding appeal, appointment of state representatives in the executive committee, etc clause 32 empowers the council to make regulations which may include regulating the meetings of the council and the procedure for conducting business of the council, appointment, terms and conditions of service of officers and other employees of the council laying down of guidelines, norms and standards in respect of minimum qualifications establishment of new institutions, starting of new courses, examinations to be conducted by examining bodies, etc clause 33 provides for laying of rules and regulations before parlisment clause 34 empowers the central government to remove difficulties in giving effect to the provisions of the act financial memoranduma clause 3 of the bill] provides for the establishment of a national 2 the entire expenditure on the establishment of the national c oun- ci] for teacher education would be met out of the consolidated rund of india  memorandum regarding delegated legislationclause 31 of the bill seeks to empower the central government to make rules for carrying out the provisions of the act, the matters in respect of which such rules may be made relate, inter alia, to the manner in which the central government is to appoint the members of the council, the fees payable on application for permission and for grant of recognition by the regional committees to the institutions, the manner in which appeals may be filed against the orders of the regional committees by the institutions, the manner in which the central government is to appoint state representatives in the executive committee, the form in which and the time within which the budget and annual report of the council is to be prepared, etc 2 clause 32 of the bill seeks to empower the council to make regulations not inconsistent with the act and the rules made thereunder for carrying out the provisions of the act the matters in respect of which such regulations may be made relate, inter alia, to regulating the procedure for conducting business at the meetings of the council, the appointment, terms and conditions of service of officers and employees of the council laying of norms, guidelines and standards in respect of minimum qualifications for a person to be employed as a__ teacher, establishing new institutions and starting of new courses, tution fees and other fees chargeable by institutions, functions to be delegated by éstablishing new instiutions and starting of new courses, tuition fees which an application for recognition or permission is to be filed by an institution, the functions which may be assigned by the council to the executive committee and the constitution, functions and the territorial jurisdiction of the regional committees, 3 'he matters in respect of which rules may be made under clause 31 and the matters in respect of which regulations may be made under clause 32 are all matters of detail or procedure or matters for which it is not practicable to make provision in the act further, as provided in clause 33 of the bill, therules and regulations are to be laid before the parliament, hence, the_delegation of legislative power is of a normal character 