 the motor vehicles (amendment) bill, 2016——————              arrangement of clauses—————— clauses 1 short title and commencement2 amendment of section 2 3 insertion of new section 2b 4 amendment of section 8 5 amendment of section 9 6 amendment of section 10 7 amendment of section 11 8 amendment of section 12 9 amendment of section 1410 amendment of section 15 11 amendment of section 19 12 insertion of new section 25a 13 amendment of section 26 14 amendment of section 27 15 amendment of section 40 16 amendment of section 41 17 amendment of section 43 18 amendment of section 4419 amendment of section 49 20 amendment of section 52 21 amendment of section 55 22 amendment of section 56 23 amendment of section 59 24 insertion of new sections 62a and 62b 25 amendment of section 62 26 amendment of section 64 27 amendment of section 66 28 insertion of new sections 66a and 66b 29 amendment of section 67 30 amendment of section 72 31 amendment of section 74 32 insertion of new section 88a 33 amendment of section 92 34 amendment of section 93 (ii) clauses35 amendment of section 94 36 amendment of section 96 37 amendment of section 110 38 insertion of new sections 110a and 110b 39 amendment of section 114 40 amendment of section 116 41 amendment of section 117 42 amendment of section 129 43 insertion of new section 134a 44 amendment of section 135 45 amendment of section 136a 46 amendment of section 137 47 amendment of section 138 48 omission of chapter x 49 substitution of new chapter for chapter xi 50 amendment of section 165 51 amendment of section 166 52 amendment of section 168 53 amendment of section 169 54 amendment of section 170 55 amendment of section 173 56 amendment of section 177 57 insertion of section 177a 58 amendment of section 178 59 amendment of section 179 60 amendment of section 180 61 amendment of section 18162 amendment of section 182 63 substitution of new sections for section 182a 64 amendment of section 183 65 amendment of section 184 66 amendment of section 185 67 amendment of section 186 68 amendment of section 187 69 amendment of section 189 70 amendment of section 190 71 amendment of section 191 72 amendment of section 192 73 amendment of section 192a 74 insertion of new section 192d 75 amendment of section 193 76 amendment of section 194 77 insertion of new sections 194a, 194b, 194c, 194d, 194e and 194f (iii) clauses78 omission of section 195 79 amendment of section 196 80 amendment of section 197 81 amendment of section 198 82 insertion of new section 199a 83 amendment of section 200 84 amendment of section 201 85 amendment of section 206 86 insertion of new sections 210a and 210b 87 insertion of new section 211a 88 amendment of section 212(1a) "aggregator" means a digital intermediary or market place for a passenger to connect with a driver for the purpose of transportation;5(1b) "area" in relation to any provision of this act, means such area as the state government may, having regard to the requirements of that provision, specify by notification in the official gazette; '; (ii) after clause (4), the following clause shall be inserted, namely:—'(4a) "community service" means an unpaid work which a person is required to perform as a punishment for an offence committed under this act;' ; (iii) after clause (9), the following clause shall be inserted, namely:—10'(9a) "driver refresher training course" means the course referred to in sub-section (2a) of section 19;' (iv) after clause (12), the following clause shall be inserted, namely:—15'(12a) "golden hour" means the time period lasting one hour following a traumatic injury during which there is highest likelihood of preventing death by providing prompt medical care; (v) clause (18) shall be omitted;(vi) in clause (24), for the words "invalid carriage", the words "adapted vehicle"shall be substituted;20(vii) in clause (26), for the words "invalid carriage", the words "adapted vehicle"shall be substituted;(viii) after clause (38), the following clause shall be inserted, namely:—'(38a) "scheme" means a scheme framed under this act;'(ix) after clause (42), the following clause shall be inserted, namely:—25'(43a) "testing agency" means any entity designated as a testing agency under section 110b;' (x) in clause (49), after the word 'rests', the words 'or moves' shall be inserted3  after section 2a of the principal act, the following section shall be inserted, namely:—insertion of new section2b promotion of innovation30"2b notwithstanding anything contained in this act and subject to such conditions as may be prescribed by the central government, in order to promote innovation and research and development in the fields of vehicular engineering, mechanically propelled vehicles and transportation in general, the central government may exempt certain types of mechanically propelled vehicles from the application of the provisions of this act" 4 in section 8 of the principal act,—amendment of section 835(i) in sub-section (1), for the words "the licensing authority having jurisdiction in the area", the words "any of the licensing authority in the state" shall be substituted;(ii) in sub-section (2), for the words "and with such fee", the words "with such fee and submit in such manner, including by electronic means" shall be substituted;(iii) in sub-section (3),—40(a) after the word "application", the words "to drive a transport vehicle made" shall be inserted;(b) the proviso shall be omitted;(iv) in sub-section (4), in the proviso, for the words "invalid carriage", the words"adapted vehicle" shall be substituted;(v) in sub-section (5), for the words "passes to the satisfaction of the licensing authority such test" the words "satisfies such conditions" shall be substituted;5(vi) in sub-section (6), after the proviso, the following proviso shall be inserted, namely:—"provided further that a licencing authority may issue a learner's licence in electronic form and such manner as may be prescribed by the central government"105 in section 9 of the principal act,—amendment of section 9(i) in sub-section (1), for the words "the licensing authority having jurisdiction in the area", the words "any of the licensing authority in the state" shall be substituted;(ii) in sub-section (3), for the second proviso, the following proviso shall be substituted, namely:—15"provided further that a driving licence for driving an adapted vehicle maybe issued to the applicant, if the licensing authority is satisfied that he is fit to drive such motor vehicle";(iii) in sub-section (4), the words "such minimum educational qualification as may be prescribed by the central government and" shall be omitted;20(iv) in sub-section (5), in the proviso, after the words "last such test", the wordsand figures "and such applicant shall be required to complete a remedial driver training course from any school or establishment under section 12" shall be insertedamendment of section 106 in section 10 of the principal act, in sub-section (2), in clause (c), for the words"invalid carriage", the words "adapted vehicle" shall be substituted25amendment of section 117 in section 11 of the principal act, in sub-section (1), for the words "the licensingauthority having jurisdiction in the area", the words "any licensing authority in the state" shall be substitutedamendmentof section 128  in section 12 of the principal act, after sub-section (4), the following sub-sections shall be inserted, namely:—3035"(5) notwithstanding anything contained in any other provision, where anyschool or establishment has been accredited by a body notified by the central government under any other law for the time being in force, any person who has successfully completed a training module at such school or establishment covering a particular type of motor vehicle shall be eligible to obtain a driving licence for such type of motor vehicle(6) the curriculum of the training module referred to sub-section (5) shall be such as may be prescribed by the central government and the central government may make rules for the regulation of such schools or establishments"9  in section 14 of the principal act, in sub-section (2),—amendment of section 1440(i) in clause (a),—(a) for the words "three years", the words "five years" shall be substituted;45(b) in the proviso, for the portion beginning with the words "one year"and ending with the word "and" the words "three years and renewal thereof shall be subject to such conditions as the central government may prescribe; and", shall be substituted;(ii) for clause (b), the following clause shall be substituted, namely:—"(b) in the case of any other licence, subject to such conditions as the central government may prescribe, if the person obtaining the licence, either originally or on renewal thereof,—5(i) has not attained the age of thirty years on the date of issue or,renewal thereof, be effective until the date on which such person attains the age of forty years; or10(ii) has attained the age of thirty years but has not attained the age of fifty years on the date of issue or, renewal thereof, be effective for a period of ten years from the date of such issue or renewal; or(iii) has attained the age of fifty years but has not attained the ageof fifty-five years on the date of issue or, renewal thereof, be effective until the date on which such person attains the age of sixty years; or15(iv) has attained the age of fifty-five years on the date of issue or as the case may be, renewal thereof, be effective for a period of five years from the date of such issue or renewal";(iii) the proviso shall be omitted10 in section 15 of the principal act,—amendment of section 1520(i) in sub-section (1), in the first proviso, for the words "more than thirty days", the words "either six months prior to date of its expiry or within six months" shall be substituted;(ii) in sub-section (3), for the words "thirty days", the words "six months" shall be substituted; and(iii) in sub-section (4),—25(a) for the words "thirty days", the words "six months" shall be substituted;and30(b) in the second proviso for the words "five years after the driving licence has ceased to be effective, the licensing authority may", the words "six months after the driving licence has ceased to be effective, the licence authority shall"shall be substituted11 in section 19 of the principal act,—amendment of section 19(i) after sub-section (1), the following sub-section shall be inserted, namely:—35"(1a) where a licence has been forwarded to the licensing authority under sub-section (4) of section 206, the licensing authority, if satisfied, after giving the holder of the driving licence an opportunity of being heard, either discharge the holder of a driving licence or, it may for detailed reasons recorded in writing, make an order disqualifying such person from holding or obtaining any licence to drive all or any class or description of vehicles specified in the licence—(a) for a first offence, for a period of three months;40(b) for a second or subsequent offence, with revocation of the driving licence of such person: provided that where a driving licence is revoked under this section, the name of the holder of such driving licence may be placed in the public domain in such manner as may be prescribed by the central government";45(ii) in sub-section (2),—(a) after the word, brackets and figure "sub-section (1)", the words, brackets, figure and letter "or sub-section (1a)" shall be inserted;(b) for the proviso, the following proviso shall be substituted, namely:—5"provided that the driving licence shall be returned to the holder at the end of the period of disqualification only if he successfully completes the driver refresher training course"; (iii) after sub-section (2) the following such sections shall be inserted, namely:—10"(2a) the licence holder whose licence has been suspended shall undergo the driver refresher training course from a school or establishment licenced and regulated under section 12 or such other agency, as may be notified by the central government(2b) the nature, syllabus and duration of the driver refresher training course shall be such as may be prescribed by the central government";15(iv) in sub-section (3) after the word, brackets and figure "sub-section (1)", the words, brackets, figure and letter "or sub-section (1a)" shall be inserted12  after section 25 of the principal act, the following section shall be inserted, namely:—insertion of new section 25a"25a (1) the central government shall maintain a national register of driving licences in such form and manner as may be prescribednational register of driving licences20(2) all state registers of driving licences shall be subsumed under the nationalregister of driving licences by a date to be notified by the central government(3) no driving licence issued, or renewed, under this act shall be valid unless it has been issued a unique driving licence number under the national register of driving licences25(4) all state governments and licensing authorities under this act shall transmitall information including contained data in the state register of driving licences in such form and manner as may be prescribed by the central government(5) the state governments shall be entitled to access the national register and update their records in such manner as may be prescribed by the central government"3013 in section 26 of the principal act,—amendment of section 26(i) in sub-section (1), for the words "the following particulars, namely", the words "particulars, including" shall be substituted;(ii) sub-section (2), shall be omitted14 in section 27 of the principal act,—amendment of section 2735(i) after clause (d) the following clause shall be inserted, namely:—"(da) the form and manner in which a licensing authority may issue a learner's licence under sub-section (6) of section 8;"(ii) after clause (j) the following clauses shall be inserted, namely:—40"(ja) the curriculum of training modules and the regulation of schools and establishments under sub-section (6) of section 12;(jb) the conditions for the renewal of licence to drive transport vehicles carrying goods of dangerous or hazardous nature and other motor vehicles under clause (a) and clause (b) of sub-section (2) of section 14;";(iii) after clause (n) the following clauses shall be inserted, namely:—"(na) the manner of placing in the public domain of the name of the licence holder as referred to in sub-section (1a) of section 19;(nb) providing for the nature, syllabus and duration of the driver refresher training course as referred to in sub-section (2b) of section 19;5(iv) after clause (o), the following clause shall be inserted, namely:—"(oa) all or any of the matters referred to in section 25a;";(v) in clause (p), after the word, brackets and figure "sub-section (1)", the words brackets and figure "and sub-section (2)" shall be insertedamendment of section 401015 in section 40 of the principal act, for the words "a registering authority", the words"any registering authority in the state" shall be substituted16 in section 41 of the principal act,—amendment of section 41(i) in sub-section (1), after the proviso, the following proviso shall be inserted, namely:—15"provided further that in the case of a new motor vehicle, the application for registration in the state shall be made by the dealer of such motor vehicle, if the new motor vehicle is being registered in the same state in which the dealer is situated"; (ii) in sub-section (3),—20(a) for the words "to the owner of a motor vehicle registered by it a certificate of registration", the words "a certificate of registration in the name of the owner" shall be substituted; (iii) in sub-section (6), the following proviso shall be inserted, namely:—25"provided that in case of a new motor vehicle, the application for the registration of which was made under the second proviso to sub-section (1), such motor vehicle shall not be delivered to the owner until such registration mark is displayed on the motor vehicle in such form and manner as may prescribed by the central government"; (iv) in sub-section (7),—(a) the words "other than a transport vehicle" shall be omitted; and30(b) after the words " date of issue of such certificate", the words "or for such period as may be prescribed by the central government" shall be inserted; (v) in sub-section (8), the words "other than a transport vehicle", shall be omitted; (vi) in sub-section (10),—35(a) for the words "for a period of five years", the words " for such period, as may be prescribed by the central government" shall be substituted;(b) the following proviso shall be inserted, namely:—"provided that the central government may prescribe different period of renewal for different types of motor vehicles";(vii) in sub-section (11),—40(a) for the words and figures " section 177, such amount not exceeding one hundred", the words, brackets, figures and letter " sub-section (1) of section192b, such amount not exceeding five thousand" shall be substituted; and(b) in the proviso, for the word and figures "section 177", the words brackets, figures and letter "sub-section (1) of section 192b" shall be substituted;(viii) after sub-section (11), the following sub-section shall be inserted, namely:—5"(11a) if a dealer fails to make an application under the second proviso to sub-section (1), the registering authority may, having regard to the circumstances of the case, require the dealer to pay, in lieu of any action that may be taken against him under sub-section (2) of section 192b, such amount not exceeding fifteen thousand rupees as may be prescribed under sub-section (13): provided that an action under sub-section (2) of section 192b shall be taken against the dealer where the dealer fails to pay the said amount";(ix)  for sub-section (12), the following sub-section shall be substituted, namely:—10"(12) where the owner or the dealer has paid the amount under subsection (11) or sub-section (11a), as the case may be, no action shall be taken against him under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) of section 192b, as the case may be"; (x) for sub-section (13), the following sub-section shall be substituted, namely:—15"(13) for the purposes of sub-section (11) and sub-section (11a), the state government may prescribe different amounts having regard to the period of delay on the part of such owner or dealer in making an application under subsection (1) or sub-section (8), as the case may be"amendment of section 432017 for section 43 of the principal act, the following section shall be substituted, namely:—25"43 notwithstanding anything contained in section 40, the owner of a motor vehicle may apply to any registering authority or other authority as may be prescribed by the state government to have the motor vehicle temporarily registered and such authority shall issue a temporary certificate of registration and temporary registration mark in accordance with such rules as may be made by the central government"amendment of section 4418  for section 44 of the principal act, the following section shall be substituted, namely:—30production of vehicle at the time of registration"44(1) subject to such terms and conditions as may be prescribed by the central government in this behalf, a motor vehicle sold by an authorised dealer shall not require production before a registering authority for the purposes of registration for the first time (2) subject to such terms and conditions as may be prescribed by the state government, a person in whose name a certificate of registration has been issued shall not be required to produce the vehicle registered or transferred before a register authority"3519 in section 49 of the principal act,—amendment of section 49(i) sub-section (1), for the words "registering authority, to that other registering authority" the words "state, to any registering authority in that state" shall be substituted;(ii) after sub-section (1), the following sub-section shall be inserted, namely:—40"(1a) the intimation under sub-section (1) may be sent to the appropriate registering authority in electronic form along with the electronic form of such documents, including proof of authentication in such manner as may be prescribed by the central government";45(iii) in sub-section (2), for the words "one hundred rupees", the words "five hundred rupees" shall be substituted20 in section 52 of the principal act,—amendment of section 52(i) in sub-section (1), for the second proviso, the following proviso shall be substituted, namely:—5"provided further that the central government may prescribe specifications, conditions for approval, retrofitment and other related matters for the alteration of motor vehicles and in such cases, the warranty granted by the manufacturer shall not be considered as void for the purposes of such alteration or retrofitment"; (ii) after sub-section (1), the following sub-section shall be inserted, namely:—10"(1a) a manufacturer of a motor vehicle shall on the direction issued by the central government, alter or retrofit safety equipment, or any other equipment in accordance with such standards and specifications as may be specified by the central government"; (iii) for sub-section (2), the following sub-section shall be substituted, namely:—15"(2) notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), any person may, with the subsequent approval of the registering authority, alter or cause to be altered any vehicle owned by him to be converted into an adapted vehicle:provided that such alteration complies with such conditions as may be imposed by the central government";20(iv) in sub-section (3), the words, brackets and figure "or by reason of replacement of its engine without such approval under sub-section (2)" shall be omittedamendment of section 5521 in section 55 of the principal act, after sub-section (5), the following sub-section shall be inserted, namely:—25"(5a) if any registering authority or other prescribed authority has reasons to believe that any motor vehicle within its jurisdiction has been used in the commission of an offence punishable under section 199a, the authority may, after giving the owner an opportunity of making a representation in writing, cancel the certificate of registration of the vehicle for a period of one year:provided that the owner of the motor vehicle may apply for fresh registration in accordance with the provisions of section 40 and section 41"3022 in section 56 of the principal act,—amendment of section 56(i) in sub-section (1), after the proviso, the following proviso shall be inserted, namely:—35"provided further that no certificate of fitness shall be granted to a vehicle, after the 1st day of october, 2018, unless such vehicle has been tested at an automated testing station"; (ii) for sub-section (2), the following sub-section shall be substituted, namely:—40"(2) the "authorised testing station" referred to in sub-section (1) means any facility, including automated testing facilities, authorised by the state government, where fitness testing may be conducted in accordance with the rules made by the central government for recognition, regulation and control of such stations"; (iii) in sub-section (4), for the proviso, the following provisos shall be substituted, namely:—45"provided that no such cancellation shall be made by the prescribed authority unless,—(a) such prescribed authority holds such technical qualification as may be prescribed by the central government and where the prescribed authority does not hold the technical qualification, such cancellation is made on the basis of the report of an officer having such qualification, and5(b) the reasons recorded in writing cancelling a certificate of fitness are confirmed by an authorised testing station chosen by the owner of the vehicle whose certificate of fitness is sought to be cancelled: provided further that if the cancellation is confirmed by the authorised testing station, the cost of undertaking the test shall be borne by the owner of the vehicle being tested and in the alternative by the prescribed authority"; (iv) after sub-section (5), the following sub-sections shall be inserted, namely:—10"(6) all transport vehicles with a valid certificate of fitness issued underthis section shall carry, on their bodies, in a clear and visible manner such distinguishing mark as may be prescribed by the central government(7) subject to such conditions as the central government may prescribe, the provisions of this section may be extended to non-transport vehicles"15amendment of section 5923 in section 59 of the principal act, after sub-section (3), the following sub-section shall be inserted, namely:—20"(4) the central government may, having regard to the public safety, convenience, protection of the environment and the objects of this act, make rules prescribing the manner of recycling of motor vehicles and parts thereof which have exceeded their life"24 after section 62 in the principal act, the following sections shall be inserted, namely:—insertion of new sections 62a and 62b"62a (1) no registering authority shall register any motor vehicle that contravenes any rule made under clause (a) of sub-section (1) of section 11025(2) no prescribed authority or authorised testing station shall issue a certificateof fitness under section 56 to any motor vehicle that contravenes any rule made under section 110prohibition of registration and issuance of certificate of fitness to oversized vehicles62b (1) the central government shall maintain a national register of motor vehicles in such form and manner as may be prescribed by it:national register of motor vehicles30 provided that all state registers of motor vehicles shall be subsumed under thenational register of motor vehicles by such date as may be notified in the official gazette by the central government35(2) no certificate of registration issued, or renewed, under this act shall be valid unless it has been issued a unique registration number under the national register of motor vehicles(3) in order to maintain the national register of motor vehicles, all state governments and registering authorities under this act shall transmit all information and data in the state register of motor vehicles to the central government in such form and manner as may be prescribed by the central government40(4) state governments shall be able to access the national register of motor vehicles and update records in accordance with the provisions of this act and the rules made by the central government thereunder"25 in section 63 of the principal act,—amendment of section 6345(i) in sub-section (1), for the words "the following particulars, namely", the words "particulars, including" shall be substituted;(ii) for sub-section (2), the following sub-section shall be substituted, namely:—"(2) each state government shall supply the updated details of the state register of motor vehicles to the central government in such form as the central government may prescribe";5(iii) after sub-section (3) the following sub-section shall be inserted, namely:—"(4) all state registers of motor vehicles shall be subsumed under the national register of motor vehicles by such date as may be notified by the central government" 26 in section 64 of the principal act,—amendment of section 6410(i) after clause (d) the following clause shall be inserted, namely:—"(da) providing for the period of validity of a certificate of registration under sub-section (7) of section 41;"; (ii) after clause (e) the following clause shall be inserted, namely:—"(ea) the period of renewal of certificate of registration of different types of motor vehicles under sub-section (10) of section 41;";15(iii) after clause (f) the following clauses shall be inserted, namely:—"(fa) the issue of temporary certificate of registration and temporary registration mark under section 43;20(fb) the terms and conditions under which a motor vehicle sold by an authorized dealer shall not require production before a registering authority under sub-section (1) of section 44;";(iv) after clause (j) the following clause shall be inserted, namely:—25"(ja) the form and manner for the electronic submission of the intimation of change of address, documents to be submitted along with such intimation including proof of authentication under sub-section (1a) of section 49;";(v) after clause (l) the following clause shall be inserted, namely:—"(la) specifications, conditions for approval, retrofitment and other related matters for the alteration of motor vehicles under sub-section (1) of section 52;30(lb) the conditions for the alteration of any motor vehicle into an adapted vehicle under sub-section (2) of section 52;"; (vi) after clause (n) the following clauses shall be inserted, namely:—"(na) the distinguishing mark to be carried on the body of transport vehicles under sub-section (6) of section 56;35(nb) the conditions under which the application of section 56 may be extended to non-transport vehicles under sub-section (7) of section 56;(nc) the recycling of motor vehicles and parts thereof which have exceeded their life under sub-section (4) of section 59;"; (vii) after clause (o), the following clauses shall be inserted, namely:—(oa) all or any of the matters under in section 62b;40"(ob) all or any of the matters under sub-section (1) and sub-section (2) of section 63;"27 in section 66 of the principal act,—amendment of section 66 (i) in sub-section (1), after the third proviso, the following proviso shall be inserted, namely:—45 "provided also that where a transport vehicle has been issued any permit or permits, as well as a licence under this act, such vehicle may be used either under the permit, or permits, so issued to it, or under such licence, at the discretion of the vehicle owner"; (ii) in sub-section (3), after clause (p) the following clause shall be inserted, namely:—5"(q) to any transport vehicle having been issued a licence under a schemeunder sub-section (3) of section 67 or sub-section (1) of section 88a, or plying under such orders as may be issued by the central government or by the state government"1028 after section 66 of the principal act, the following sections shall be inserted, namely:—insertion of new sections 66a and 66bnational transportation policy"66a (1) the central government may develop a national transportation policy consistent with the objects of this act in consultation with state governments and other agencies with a view to—15(i) establish a planning framework for passenger and goods transportationwithin which transport bodies are to operate;20(ii) establish a medium and long term planning framework for all forms ofroad transport, identify areas for the development of transport improvement infrastructure across india in consultation with the authorities and agencies related to ports, railways and aviation as well as with local and state level planning, land holding and regulatory authorities for the delivery of an integrated multimodal transport system;(iii) establish the framework of grant of permits and schemes; (iv) establish strategic policy for transport by road and its role as a link toother means of transport;25(v) identify strategic policies and specify priorities for the transport systemthat address current and future challenges;(vi) provide medium to long term strategic directions, priorities and actions;30(vii) promote competition, innovation, increase in capacity, seamlessmobility and greater efficiency in transport of goods or livestock or passengers,and economical use of resources;(viii) safeguard the interest of the public and promote equity, while seekingto enhance private participation and public-private partnership in the transport sector;35(ix) demonstrate an integrated approach to transport and land useplanning;(x) identify the challenges that the national transportation policy seeksto address;(xi) address any other matter deemed relevant by the central government66b no person who holds the permit issued under this act shall—40no bar against permit holders to apply and hold licences under schemes(a) be disqualified from applying for a licence under the scheme madeunder sub-section (3) of section 67 or sub-section (1) of section 88a by reasonof holding such permit; and(b) be required to get such permit cancelled on being issued a licenceunder any scheme made under this act"4529 in section 67 of the principal act,—amendment of section 67(i) for sub-section (1), the following sub-section shall be substituted, namely:—"(1) a state government, having regard to —(a) the advantages offered to the public, trade and industry by the development of motor transport;5(b) the desirability of co-ordinating road and rail transport; (c) the desirability of preventing the deterioration of the road system;and(d) promoting effective competition among the transport service providers,10may, from time to time, by notification in the official gazette issue directions both to the state transport authority and regional transport authority regarding the passengers' convenience, economically competitive fares, prevention of overcrowding and road safety"; (ii) in sub-section (2) the following proviso shall be inserted, namely:—15"provided that the state government may subject to such conditions as it may deem fit, and with a view to achieving the objectives specified in clause (d)of sub-section (1), relax all or any of the provisions made under this chapter"; (iii) after sub-section (2) the following sub-sections shall be inserted, namely:—20"(3) notwithstanding anything contained in this act, the state government may, by notification in the official gazette modify any permit issued under this act or make schemes for the transportation of goods and passengers and issue licences under such scheme for the promotion of development and efficiency in transportation—(a) last mile connectivity; (b) rural transport;25(c) reducing traffic congestion; (d) improving urban transport; (e) safety of road users; (f) better utilisation of transportation assets;30(g) the enhancement of economic vitality of the area, though competitiveness, productivity, and efficiency;(h) the increase in the accessibility and mobility of people; (i) the protection and enhancement of the environment; (j) the promotion of energy conservation;35(k) improvement of the quality of life; (l) enhance integration and connectivity of the transportation system, across and between modes of transport; and(m) such other matters as the central government may be deemed fit40(4) the scheme framed under sub-section (3), shall specify the fees to be charged, form of application and grant of a licence including the renewal, suspension cancellation or modification of such licence"amendment of section 7230 in section 72 of the principal act, in sub-section (2), the following proviso shall be inserted, namely:—"provided that the regional transport authority may waive any such condition for a stage carriage permit operating in a rural area, as it deems fit"31 in section 74 of the principal act,—amendment of section 74(i) in sub-section (2), the following proviso shall be inserted, namely:—"provided that the regional transport authority may in the interests of last mile connectivity waive any such condition in respect of any such types of vehicles as may be specified by the central government"5(ii) in sub-section (3), in the proviso to clause (b), after sub-clause (vi), the following sub-clause shall be inserted, namely:—"(vii) self-help groups"32  after section 88 of the principal act, the following section shall be inserted, namely:—insertion of new section 88a10"88a (1) notwithstanding anything contained in this act, the centralgovernment may, by notification in the official gazette, modify any permit issued under this act or make schemes for national, multimodal and inter-state transportation of goods or passengers, and issue or modify licenses under, such scheme for the following purposes namely:—15(a) last mile connectivity; (b) rural transport;power of centralgovernment tomake schemes for national, multimodal and inter-state transport of passengers and goods(c) improving the movement of freight, and logistics; (d) better utilisation of transportation assets;20(e) the enhancement to the economic vitality of the area, especially byenabling competitiveness, productivity and efficiency;(f) the increase in the accessibility and mobility of people; (g) the protection and enhancement of the environment; (h) the promotion of energy conservation; (i) improvement of the quality of life;25(j) enhancement of the integration and connectivity of the transportationsystem, across and between modes of transport;(k) such other matters as the central government may deem fit: provided that the central government may, before taking any action underthis sub-section consult the state governments30(2) notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), two or more statesmay make schemes for the operation within such states for the inter-state transportation of goods or passengers:35 provided that in the event of any repugnancy between the schemes madeby the central government under sub-section (1) and schemes made by two ormore states under this sub-section, the schemes made under sub-section (1)shall prevailamendment of section 9233 in section 92 of the principal act, for the words "stage carriage or contract carriage, in respect of which a permit", the words "transport vehicle, in respect of which a permit or licence" shall be substituted4034 in section 93 of the principal act,—amendment of section 93(i) for the marginal heading, the following marginal heading shall be substituted, namely:—"agent or canvasser or aggregator to obtain licence";(ii) in sub-section (1),—45(a) after clause (ii), the following clause shall be inserted, namely:—"(iii) as an aggregator;";(b) the following provisos shall be inserted, namely:—"provided that while issuing the licence to an aggregator the state government shall follow such guidelines as may be issued by the central government:521 of 2000 provided further that every aggregator shall comply with the provisions of the information technology act, 2000 and the rules and regulations made thereunder"amendment of section 941035 in section 94 of the principal act, after the words "permit" occurring at both the places the words "or licence issued under any scheme" shall be insertedamendment to section 9636  in section 96 of the principal act, in sub-section (2), after clause (xxxii), the following clauses shall be inserted, namely:—"(xxxiia) framing of schemes under sub-section (3) of section 67;15(xxxiib) the promotion of effective competition, passenger convenience and safety, competitive fares and prevention of overcrowding,"37 in section 110 of the principal act,—amendment of section 110(i) in sub-section (1), in clause (k), after the words "standards of the components", the words ", including software," shall be inserted';20(ii) in sub-section (2), after the words "in particular circumstances", the words"and such rules may lay down the procedure for investigation, the officers empowered to conduct such investigations, the procedure for hearing of such matters and the penalties to be levied thereunder" shall be inserted;(iii) after sub-section (2) the following sub-section shall be inserted, namely:—255 of 1908"(2a) persons empowered under sub-section (2) to conduct investigations referred to in sub-section (2) shall have all the powers of a civil court, while trying a suit under the code of civil procedure, 1908 in respect of the following matters, namely :—(a) summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person and examining him on oath;(b) requiring the discovery and production of any document;30(c) receiving evidence on affidavit; and (d) any other matter as may be prescribed"38 after section 110 of the principal act, the following sections shall be inserted, namely:—insertion of new sections 110a and 110b35"110a (1) the central government may, by order, direct a manufacturer to recall motor vehicles of a particular type or its variants, if—recall of motor vehicles(a) a defect in that particular type of motor vehicle may cause harm to the environment or to the driver or occupants of such motor vehicle or other road users; and40(b) a defect in that particular type of motor vehicle has been reported to the central government by—(i) such percentage of owners, as the central government, may by notification in the official gazette, specify; or(ii) a testing agency; or (iii) any other source5(2) where the defect referred to in sub-section (1) lies in a motor vehicle component, the central government may, by order, direct a manufacturer to recall all motor vehicles which contain such component, regardless of the type or its variants of such motor vehicle(3) a manufacturer whose vehicles are recalled under sub-section (1) or subsection (2), shall—(a) reimburse the buyers for the full cost of the motor vehicle, subject toany hire-purchase or lease-hypothecation agreement; or10(b) replace the defective motor vehicle with another motor vehicle of similaror better specifications which complies with the standards specified under this act or repair it; and(c) pay such fines and other dues in accordance with sub-section (6)15(4) where a manufacturer notices a defect in a motor vehicle manufactured byhim, he shall inform the central government of the defect and initiate recall proceedings and in such case the manufacturer shall not be liable to pay fine under sub-section (3)5 of 190820(5) the central government may authorise any officer to conduct investigation under this section who shall have all the powers of a civil court, while trying a suit under the code of civil procedure, 1908 in respect of the following matters, namely:—(a) summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person and examininghim on oath;(b) requiring the discovery and production of any document; (c) receiving evidence on affidavit; and25(d) any other matter as may be prescribed(6) the central government may make rules for regulating the recall of motor vehicles, of a particular type or its variants, for any defect which in the opinion of the central government, may cause harm to the environment or to the driver or occupants of such motor vehicle or to other road users30110b (1) no motor vehicle, including a trailer or semi-trailer or modular hydraulictrailer or side car shall be sold or delivered or offered for sale or delivery or used in a public place in india unless a type approval certificate referred to in sub-section (2)has been issued in respect of such vehicle:typeapproval certificate and testing agencies35provided that the central government may, by notification in the official gazette,extend the requirement of type approval certificate to other vehicles drawn or intended to be drawn by a motor vehicle:provided further that such certificate shall not be required for vehicles whichare—(a) intended for export or display or demonstration or exhibition; or40(b) used by a manufacturer of motor vehicles or motor vehicle componentsor a research and development centre or a test by agency for testing and validation or for data collection, inside factory premises or in a non-public place; or(c) exempted by the central government45(2) the manufacturer or importer of motor vehicles including trailers, semi-trailers, modular hydraulic trailers and side cars shall submit the prototype of the vehicle to be manufactured or imported for test to a testing agency for obtaining a type-approval certificate by such agency(3) the central government shall make rules for the accreditation, registration and regulation of testing agencies5(4) the testing agencies shall conduct tests on vehicles drawn from the production line of the manufacturer or obtained otherwise to verify the conformity of such vehicles to the provisions of this chapter and the rules and regulations made thereunder10(5) where the motor vehicle having a type-approval certificate is recalled under section 110a, the testing agency which granted the certificate to such motor vehicle shall be liable for its accreditation and registration to be cancelled"amendmentof section11439 in section 114 of the principal act, in sub-section (1), for the words "authorised in this behalf by the state government", the words "or any other person authorised in this behalf by the state government" shall be substituted1540 in section 116 of the principal act,—amendment of section 11668 of 19882025(i) after sub-section (1), the following sub-section shall be inserted, namely:—"(1a) notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), the national highways authority of india constituted under the national highways authority of india act, 1988 or any other agency authorised by the central government, may cause or permit traffic signs, as provided in the first schedule, to be placed or erected or removed on national highways for the purpose of regulating motor vehicle traffic and may order the removal of any sign or advertisement which in its opinion is so placed as to obscure any traffic sign from view or is so similar in appearance to a traffic sign as to mislead or is likely to distract the attention or concentration of the driver"; (ii) in sub-section (3), after the words, brackets and figures "provided by subsection (1)", the words, brackets, figures and letter "or sub-section (1a)" shall be inserted; and30amendment of section 1173568 of 198841 in section 117 of the principal act, the following provisos shall be inserted, namely:—"provided that the state government or the authorised authority shall, give primacy to the safety of road users and the free flow of traffic in determining such places: provided further that for the purpose of this section the national highways authority of india, constituted under the national highways authority of india act, 1988 or any other agency authorised by the central government, may also specify such places"amendment of section 12940wearing of protective headgear45 5042 for section 129 of the principal act, the following section shall be substituted, namely:—"129 every person, above four years of age, driving or riding or being carried on a motor cycle of any class or description shall, while in a public place, wear protective headgear conforming to such standards as may be prescribed by the central government:provided that the provisions of this section shall not apply to a person who is a sikh, if, while driving or riding on the motor cycle, in a public place, he is wearing a turban:provided further that the central government may by rules provide for measures for the safety of children below four years of age riding or being carried on a motorcycleexplanation—"protective headgear" means a helmet which,—(a) by virtue of its shape, material and construction, could reasonably be expected to afford to the person driving or riding on a motor cycle a degree or protection from injury in the event of an accident; and(b) is securely fastened to the head of the wearer by means of straps or other fastenings provided on the headgear"43 after section 134 of the principal act, the following section shall be inserted, namely:—insertion of new section 134a5protection of good samaritans"134a (1) a good samaritan shall not be liable for any civil or criminal action forany injury to or death of the victim of an accident involving a motor vehicle, where such injury or death resulted from the good samaritan's negligence in acting or failing to act while rendering emergency medical or non-medical care or assistance10(2) the central government may by rules provide for the procedure for questioning or examination of the good samaritan, disclosure of personal information of the good samaritan and such other related matters15 'explanation—for the purpose of this section, "good samaritan" means a person, who in good faith, voluntarily and without expectation of any reward or compensation renders emergency medical or non-medical care or assistance at the scene of an accident to the victim or transporting such victim to the hospital'44 in section 135 of the principal act,—(i) in sub-section (1),—amendment of section 135(a) in clause (c), the word "and" shall be omitted;20(b) in clause (d), for the word "highways", the word "highways and" shall be substituted; and (ii) after clause (d), the following clause shall be inserted, namely:—"(e) any other amenities in the interests of the safety and the convenience of the public"; (iii) after sub-section (2), the following sub-section shall be inserted, namely:—25"(3) the central government may, by notification in the official gazette, make one or more schemes to conduct in-depth studies on the causes and analysis of road accidents"45 after section 136 of the principal act, the following section shall be inserted, namely:—insertion of new section 136a30"136a (1) the state government shall ensure electronic monitoring andenforcement of road safety in the manner provided under sub-section (2) on nationalhighways, state highways, roads or in any urban city within a state which has a population upto such limits as may be prescribed by the central governmentelectronic monitoring and enforcement of road safety35(2) the central government shall make rules for the electronic monitoring and enforcement of road safety including speed cameras, closed-circuit television cameras, speed guns, body wearable cameras and such other technology explanation—for the purpose of this section the expression "body wearable camera" means a mobile audio and video capture device worn on the body or uniform of a person authorised by the state government"4046 in section 137 of the principal act, —amendment of section 137(i) after clause (a) the following clause shall be inserted, namely:—"(aa) providing for the standards of protective headgear and measures for the safety of children below the age of four years riding under section 129;"(ii) after clause (b) the following clause shall be inserted, namely:—45"(c) providing for criteria for the selection of cities by the state governmentswhere the electronic monitoring and enforcement under in sub-section (1) ofsection 136a is to implemented; and(d) providing for electronic monitoring and enforcement under sub-section (2) of section 136a"47 in section 138 of the principal act, after sub-section (1), the following sub-section shall be inserted, namely:—amendment of section 1385"(1a) the state government may make rules for the purpose of regulating the activities in a public place of pedestrians and such means of transport as are propelled or powered by muscular power of either human beings or animals48 chapter x in the principal act, shall be omittedomission of chapter x1049 for chapter xi of the principal act, the following chapter shall be substituted, namely:— "chapter xisubstitution of new chapter for chapter xi insurance of motor vehicles against third party risks145 in this chapter,—definitions1541 of 1999(a) "authorised insurer" means an insurer for the time being carrying ongeneral insurance business in india and granted a certificate of registration by the insurance regulatory and development authority established under section 3 of the insurance regulatory and development authority act, 1999 and any government insurance fund authorised to do general insurance business under the general insurance business (nationalization) act, 1972;57 of 197220(b) "certificate of insurance" means a certificate issued by an authorisedinsurer in pursuance of section 147 and includes a cover note complying with such requirements as may be prescribed, and where more than one certificate has been issued in connection with a policy, or where a copy of a certificate has been issued, all those certificates or that copy, as the case may be;2545 of 1860(c) "grievous hurt" shall have the same meaning as assigned to it in section320 of the indian penal code, 1860;(d) "hit and run motor accident" means an accident arising out of the useof a motor vehicle or motor vehicles the identity whereof cannot be ascertained in spite of reasonable efforts for the purpose;30(e) "insurance regulatory and development authority" means theinsurance regulatory and development authority established under section 3 of the insurance regulatory and development authority act, 1999;41 of 1999(f) "policy of insurance" includes certificate of insurance;35(g) "property" includes roads, bridges, culverts, causeways, trees, posts,milestones and baggage of passengers and goods carried in any motor vehicle;(h) "reciprocating country" means any such country as may on the basisof reciprocity be notified by the central government in the official gazette to be a reciprocating country for the purposes of this act;(i) "third party" includes the government40necessity for insurance against third party risks146  (1) no person shall use, except as a passenger, or cause or allow any other personto use, a motor vehicle in a public place, unless there is in force, in relation to the use of the vehicle by that person or that other person, as the case may be, a policy of insurance complying with the requirements of this chapter:456 of 1991provided that in the case of a vehicle carrying, or meant to carry, dangerous or hazardousgoods, there shall also be a policy of insurance under the public liability insurance act, 1991explanation— for the purposes of this sub-section, a person driving a motor vehicle merely as a paid employee, while there is in relation to the use of the vehicle no such policy in force as is required by this sub-section, shall not be deemed to act in contravention of the sub-section unless he knows or has reason to believe that there is no such policy in force5 (2) the provisions of sub-section (1) shall not apply to any motor vehicle owned by the central government and used for the purposes relating to the defence of the country which is unconnected with any commercial objective, subject to an order made in writing in this regard by the central government10 (3) no order under sub-section (2) shall be made unless there has been established and maintained a fund in accordance with the rules made under this act for meeting any liability to third parties arising out of the use of motor vehicles specified in that sub-section15147 (1) in order to comply with the requirements of this chapter, a policy of insurance must be a policy which—requirement of policies and limits of liability(a) is issued by a person who is an authorised insurer; and (b) insures the person or classes of persons specified in the policy to the extent specified in sub-section (2)—20(i) against any liability which may be incurred by him in respect ofthe death of or bodily injury to any person including owner of the goods or his authorised representative carried in the motor vehicle or damage to any property of a third party caused by or arising out of the use of the motor vehicle in a public place;25(ii) against the death of or bodily injury to any passenger of atransport vehicle, except gratuitous passengers of a goods vehicle, caused by or arising out of the use of the motor vehicle in a public place30 explanation— for the removal of doubts, it is hereby clarified that the death of or bodily injury to any person or damage to any property of a third party shall be deemed to have been caused by or to have arisen out of, the use of a vehicle in a public place, notwithstanding that the person who is dead or injured or the property which is damaged was not in a public place at the time of the accident, if the act or omission which led to the accident occurred in a public place35 (2) notwithstanding anything contained under any other law for the time beingin force, for the purposes of third party insurance related to either death of a person or grievous hurt to a person, the central government shall prescribe a base premium and the liability of an insurer in relation to such premium for an insurance policy under subsection (1) in consultation with the insurance regulatory and development authority:40 provided that the payment to a person by an insurer, under the third partyinsurance policy, shall be a sum of not exceeding ten lakh rupees in case of death and not exceeding ten five lakh rupees in case of grievous hurt, as may be prescribed by the central government from time to time45 (3) a policy shall be of no effect for the purposes of this chapter unless anduntil there is issued by the insurer in favour of the person by whom the policy is effected a certificate of insurance in the prescribed form and containing the prescribed particulars of any condition subject to which the policy is issued and of any other prescribed matters; and different forms, particulars and matters may be prescribed in different cases50 (4) where a policy of insurance issued before the commencement of the motor vehicles (amendment) act, 2016 does not conform to the provisions of this act, it shall be so amended as to conform to the provisions of this act, within a period of three months from the date of commencement of the motor vehicles (amendment) act, 20165 (5) where a cover note issued by the insurer under the provisions of this chapter or the rules or regulations made thereunder is not followed by a policy of insurance within the specified time, the insurer shall, within seven days of the expiry of the period of the validity of the cover note, notify the fact to the registering authority or to such other authority as the state government may prescribe10 (6) notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, an insurer issuing a policy of insurance under this section shall be liable to indemnify the person or classes of persons specified in the policy in respect of any liability which the policy purports to cover in the case of that person or those classes of personsvalidity of polices ofinsuranceissued in reciprocating countries15148 where, in pursuance of an arrangement between india and any reciprocating country, the motor vehicle registered in the reciprocating country operates on any route or within any area common to the two countries and there is in force in relation to the use of the vehicle in the reciprocating country, a policy of insurance complying with the requirements of the law of insurance for the time being in force in that country, then, notwithstanding anything contained in section 147 but subject to any rules which may be made under section 164b such policy of insurance shall be effective throughout the route or area in respect of which the arrangement has been made, as if the policy of insurance had complied with the requirements of this chapter20149 (1) the insurance company shall, upon receiving information of the accident, either through accident information report or otherwise, designate an officer to settle the claims relating to such accidentsettlement by insurance company and procedure therefor25(2) an officer designated by the insurance company for processing the settlement of claim of compensation may make an offer to the claimant for settlement before the claims tribunal giving such details, within such time and after following such procedure as may be prescribed by the central government(3) if, the claimant to whom the offer is made under sub-section (2),—(a) accepts such offer,—30(i) the claims tribunal shall make a record of such settlement, and such claim shall be deemed to be settled by consent; and(ii) the payment shall be made by the insurance company within a maximum period of thirty days from the date of receipt of such record of settlement;(b) rejects such offer, a date of hearing shall be fixed by the claims tribunal to adjudicate such claim on merits3540duty of insurers to satisfy judgments and awards against persons insured in respect of third party risks45150 (1) if, after a certificate of insurance has been issued under sub-section (3)of section 147 in favour of the person by whom a policy has been effected, judgment or award in respect of any such liability as is required to be covered by a policy under clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 147 (being a liability covered by the terms of the policy) or under the provisions of section 164 is obtained against any person insured by the policy, then, notwithstanding that the insurer may be entitled to avoid or cancel or may have avoided or cancelled the policy, the insurer shall, subject to the provisions of this section, pay to the person entitled to the benefit of the award any sum not exceeding the sum assured payable thereunder, as if that person were the judgment debtor, in respect of the liability, together with any amount payable in respect of costs and any sum payable in respect of interest on that sum by virtue of any enactment relating to interest on judgments50 (2) no sum shall be payable by an insurer under sub-section (1) in respect of any judgment or award unless, before the commencement of the proceedings in which the judgment or award is given the insurer had notice through the court or, as the case may be, the claims tribunal of the bringing of the proceedings, or in respect of such judgment or award so long as its execution is stayed pending an appeal; and an insurer to whom notice of the bringing of any such proceedings is so given shall be entitled to be made a party thereto, and to defend the action on any of the following grounds, namely:—5(a) that there has been a breach of a specified condition of the policy,being one of the following conditions, namely:—(i) a condition excluding the use of the vehicle—(a) for hire or reward, where the vehicle is on the date of the contractof insurance a vehicle not covered by a permit to ply for hire or reward; or10(b) for organised racing and speed testing; or (c) for a purpose not allowed by the permit under which the vehicleis used, where the vehicle is a transport vehicle; or(d) without side-car being attached where the vehicle is a twowheeled vehicle; or15(ii) a condition excluding driving by a named person or by any personwho is not duly licensed or by any person who has been disqualified for holding or obtaining a driving licence during the period of disqualification; or(iii) a condition excluding liability for injury caused or contributed to byconditions of war, civil war, riot or civil commotion; or20(b) that the policy is void on the ground that it was obtained by nondisclosure of any material fact or by representation of any fact which was false in some material particular; or(c) that there is non-receipt of premium as required under section 64vb of the insurance act, 19384 of 1938255 of 19084 of 193830 (3) where any such judgment or award as is referred to in sub-section (1) is obtained from a court in a reciprocating country and in the case of a foreign judgment is, by virtue of the provisions of section 13 of the code of civil procedure, 1908 conclusive as to any matter adjudicated upon by it, the insurer (being an insurer registered under the insurance act, 1938 and whether or not that person is registered under the corresponding law of the reciprocating country) shall be liable to the person entitled to the benefit of the decree in the manner and to the extend specified in subsection (1), as if the judgment or award were given by a court in india:35 provided that no sum shall be payable by the insurer in respect of any suchjudgment or award unless, before the commencement of the proceedings in which the judgment or award is given, the insurer had notice through the court concerned of the bringing of the proceedings and the insurer to whom notice is so given is entitled under the corresponding law of the reciprocating country, to be made a party to the proceedings and to defend the action on grounds similar to those specified in subsection (2)40 45(4) where a certificate of insurance has been issued under sub-section (3) ofsection 147 to the person by whom a policy has been effected, so much of the policy as purports to restrict the insurance of the persons insured thereby, by reference to any condition other than those in sub-section (2) shall, as respects such liabilities as are required to be covered by a policy under clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section147, be of no effect: provided that any sum paid by the insurer in or towards the discharge of anyliability of any person which is covered by the policy by virtue of this sub-section shall be recoverable by the insurer from that person5(5) if the amount which an insurer becomes liable under this section to pay in respect of a liability incurred by a person insured by a policy exceeds the amount for which the insurer would apart from the provisions of this section be liable under the policy in respect of that liability, the insurer shall be entitled to recover the excess amount from that person10(6) no insurer to whom the notice referred to in sub-section (2) or sub-section(3) has been given shall be entitled to avoid his liability to any person entitled to the benefit of any such judgment or award as is referred to in sub-section (1) or in such judgment as is referred to in sub-section (3) otherwise than in the manner provided for in sub-section (2) or in the corresponding law of the reciprocating country, as the case may be15(7) if on the date of filing of any claim, the claimant is not aware of the insurance company with which the vehicle had been insured, it shall be the duty of the owner of the vehicle to furnish to the tribunal or court the information as to whether the vehicle had been insured on the date of the accident, and if so, the name of the insurance company with which it is insuredexplanation— for the purposes of this section,—(a) "award" means an award made by the claims tribunal under section168;20(b)"claims tribunal" means a claims tribunal constituted under section165;(c) "liability covered by the terms of the policy" means the liability which is covered by the policy or which would be so covered but for the fact that the insurer is entitled to avoid or cancel or has avoided or cancelled the policy; and25(d) "material fact" and "material particular" means, respectively, a fact or particular of such a nature as to influence the judgment of a prudent insurer in determining whether he shall take the risk and, if so, at what premium and on what conditions30151 (1) where under any contract of insurance affected in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, a person is insured against liabilities which he may incur to third parties, then—rights of third parties against insurers on insolvency of insured(a) in the event of the person becoming insolvent or making a composition or arrangement with his creditors; or35(b) where the insured person is a company, in the event of a winding-up order being made or a resolution for a voluntary winding-up being passed with respect to the company or of a receiver or manager of the company's business or undertaking being duly appointed, or of possession being taken by or on behalf of the holders of any debentures secured by a floating charge of any property comprised in or subject to the charge,40if, either before or after that event, any such liability is incurred by the insured person his rights against the insurer under the contract in respect of the liability shall, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any provision of law, be transferred to and vest in the third party to whom the liability was so incurred45 50(2) where an order for the administration of the estate of a deceased debtor is made according to the law of insolvency, then, if any debt provable in insolvency is owing by the deceased in respect of a liability to a third party against which he was insured under a contract of insurance in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, the deceased debtor's rights against the insurer in respect of that liability shall, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any provision of law, be transferred to and vest in the person to whom the debt is owing5(3) any condition in a policy issued for the purposes of this chapter purporting, either directly or indirectly, to avoid the policy or to alter the rights of the parties thereunder upon the happening to the insured person of any of the events specified in clause (a) or clause (b) of sub-section (1) or upon the making of an order for the administration of the estate of a deceased debtor according to the law of insolvency, shall be of no effect(4) upon a transfer under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), the insurer shall be under the same liability to the third party as he would have been to the insured person, but—10(a) if the liability of the insurer to the insured person exceeds the liabilityof the insured person to the third party, nothing in this chapter shall affect the rights of the insured person against the insurer in respect of the excess amount; and15(b) if the liability of the insurer to the insured person is less than theliability of the insured person to the third party, nothing in this chapter shall affect the rights of the third party against the insured person in respect of the balance amount20duty to give information as to insurance25152 (1) no person against whom a claim is made in respect of any liability referred to in clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 147 shall, on demand by or on behalf of the person making the claim, refuse to state whether or not he was insured in respect of that liability by any policy issued under the provisions of this chapter, or would have been so insured if the insurer had not avoided or cancelled the policy, nor shall he refuse, if he was or would have been so insured, to give such particulars with respect to that policy as were specified in the certificate of insurance issued in respect thereof303540(2) in the event of any person becoming insolvent or making an arrangementwith his creditors or in the event of an order being made for the administration of the estate of a deceased person according to the law of insolvency, or in the event of a winding-up order being made or a resolution for a voluntary winding-up being passed with respect to any company or of a receiver or manager of the company's business or undertaking being duly appointed or of possession being taken by or on behalf of the holders of any debentures secured by a floating charge on any property comprised in or subject to the charge, it shall be the duty of the insolvent debtor, personalrepresentative of the deceased debtor or company, as the case may be, or the official assignee or receiver in insolvency, trustee, liquidator, receiver or manager, or person in possession of the property to give, on the request of any person claiming that the insolvent debtor, deceased debtor or company is under such liability to him as is covered by the provision of this chapter, such information as may reasonably be required by him for the purpose of ascertaining whether any rights have been transferred to and vested in him by section 151, and for the purpose of enforcing such rights, if any, and any such contract of insurance as purports whether directly or indirectly to avoid the contract or to alter the rights of the parties thereunder upon the giving of such information in the events aforesaid, or otherwise to prohibit or prevent the giving thereof in the said events, shall be of no effect45(3) if, from the information given to any person in pursuance of sub-section (2)or otherwise, he has reasonable ground for supporting that there have or may have been transferred to him under this chapter rights against any particular insurer, that insurer shall be subject to the same duty as is imposed by the said sub-section on the persons therein mentioned50(4) the duty to give the information imposed by this section shall include a dutyto allow all contracts of insurance, receipts for premiums, and other relevant documents in the possession or power of the person on whom the duty is so imposed to be inspected and copies thereof to be taken153 (1) no settlement made by an insurer in respect of any claim which might be made by a third party in respect of any liability of the nature referred to in clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 147 shall be valid unless such third party is a party to the settlementsettlement between insurers and insured persons5(2) the claims tribunal shall ensure that the settlement is bona fide and was notmade under undue influence and the compensation is made in accordance with the payment schedule referred to in sub-section (1) of section 1641015(3) where a person who is insured under a policy issued for the purpose of this chapter has become insolvent, or where, if such insured person is a company, a winding-up order has been made or a resolution for a voluntary winding-up has been passed with respect to the company, no agreement made between the insurer and the insured person after the liability has been incurred to a third party and after the commencement of the insolvency or winding-up, as the case may be, nor any waiver, assignment or other disposition made by or payment made to the insured person after the commencement aforesaid, shall be effective to defeat the rights transferred to the third party under this chapter; but those rights shall be the same as if no such agreement, waiver, assignment or disposition or payment has been made20saving in respect of sections 151, 152 and 153154 (1) for the purposes of sections 151, 152 and 153, a reference to "liabilitiesto third parties" in relation to a person insured under any policy of insurance shall not include a reference to any liability of that person in the capacity of insurer under some other policy of insurance(2) the provisions of sections 151, 152 and 153 shall not apply where a company is wound-up voluntarily merely for the purposes of reconstruction or of an amalgamation with another company2539 of 1925effect of death on certain causes of action155 notwithstanding anything contained in section 306 of the indian succession act, 1925, the death of a person in whose favour a certificate of insurance had been issued, if it occurs after the happening of an event which has given rise to a claim under the provisions of this chapter, shall not be a bar to the survival of any cause of action arising out of such event against his estate or against the insurer30156 when an insurer has issued a certificate of insurance in respect of a contractof insurance between the insurer and the insured person, then—effect of certificate of insurance35(a) if and so long as the policy described in the certificate has not beenissued by the insurer to the insured, the insurer shall, as between himself and any other person except the insured, be deemed to have issued to the insured person a policy of insurance conforming in all respects with the description and particulars stated in such certificate; and40(b) if the insurer has issued to the insured the policy described in thecertificate, but the actual terms of the policy are less favourable to persons claiming under or by virtue of the policy against the insurer either directly or through the insured then the particulars of the policy as stated in the certificate, the policy shall, as between the insurer and any other person except the insured, be deemed to be in terms conforming in all respects with the particulars stated in the said certificate45transfer of certificate of insurance50157 (1) where a person, in whose favour the certificate of insurance has been issued in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, transfers to another person the ownership of the motor vehicle in respect of which such insurance was taken together with the policy of insurance relating thereto, the certificate of insurance and the policy described in the certificate shall be deemed to have been transferred in favour of the person to whom the motor vehicle is transferred with effect from the date of its transfer explanation—for the removal of doubts, it is herby clarified that such deemed transfer shall include transfer of rights and liabilities of the said certificate of insurance and policy of insurance5(2) the transferee shall apply within fourteen days from the date of transfer in the prescribed form to the insurer for making necessary changes in regard to the fact of transfer in the certificate of insurance and the policy described in the certificate in his favour, and the insurer shall make the necessary changes in the certificate and the policy of insurance in regard to the transfer of insurance10158 (1) any person driving a motor vehicle in any public place shall, on being so required by a police officer in uniform authorised in this behalf by the state government, produce—(a) the certificate of insurance;production of certain certificates, licence and permit incertain cases(b) the certificate of registration; (c) the pollution under control certificate;15(d) the driving licence;(e) in the case of a transport vehicle, also the certificate of fitness referred to in section 56, and the permit; and(f) any certificate or authorisation of exemption that has been granted under this act,20relating to the use of the vehicle25(2) where, owing to the presence of a motor vehicle in a public place, an accident occurs involving death or bodily injury to another person, if the driver of the vehicle does not at that time produce the required certificate, driving licence and permit referred to in sub-section (1) to a police officer, he or the owner shall produce the said certificates, licence and permit at the police station at which the driver makes the report required by section 13430(3) no person shall be liable to conviction for offences under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) by reason of the failure to produce the required certificate if, within seven days from the date on which its production was required under sub-section (1), or as the case may be, from the date of occurrence of the accident, he produces the certificate at such police station as may have been specified by him to the police officer who required its production or, as the case may be, to the police officer at the site of the accident or to the officer-in-charge of the police station at which he reported the accident:35provided that except to such extent and with such modifications as may be prescribed, the provisions of this sub-section shall not apply to the driver of a transport vehicle40(4) the owner of a motor vehicle shall give such information as he may be required by or on behalf of a police officer empowered in this behalf by the state government for the purpose of determining whether the vehicle was or was not being driven in contravention of section 146 and on any occasion when the driver was required under this section to produce the certificate of insurance45(5) in this section, the expression "produce the certificate of insurance" means produce for examination the relevant certificate of insurance or such other evidence as may be prescribed that the vehicle was not being driven in contravention of section 146information to be given regarding accident159 the police officer shall, during the investigation, prepare an accident information report to facilitate the settlement of claim in such form and manner, within such time and containing such particulars and submit the same to the claims tribunal and such other agency as may be prescribedduty to furnish particulars of vehicle involved in accident510160 a registering authority or the officer-in-charge of a police station shall, if sorequired by a person who alleges that he is entitled to claim compensation in respect of an accident arising out of the use of a motor vehicle, or if so required by an insurer against whom a claim has been made in respect of any motor vehicle, furnish to that person or to that insurer, as the case may be, on payment of the prescribed fee, any information at the disposal of the said authority or the said police officer relating to the identification marks and other particulars of the vehicle and the name and address of the person who was using the vehicle at the time of the accident or was injured by it and the property, if any, damaged in such form and within such time as the central government may prescribe15special provisions as t ocompensationin case of hit and run motor accident161 (1) notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force or any instrument having the force of law, the general insurance council of india formed under section 9 of the said act and the insurance companies for the time being carrying on general insurance business in india shall provide for paying in accordance with the provisions of this act and the scheme made under sub-section (3), compensation in respect of the death of, or grievous hurt to, persons resulting from hit and run motor accidents(2) subject to the provisions of this act and the scheme made under sub-section (3), there shall be paid as compensation,—20(a) in respect of the death of any person resulting from a hit and run motoraccident, a fixed sum of two lakh rupees or such higher amount as may be prescribed by the central government;25(b) in respect of grievous hurt to any person resulting from a hit and runmotor accident, a fixed sum of fifty thousand rupees or such higher amount as may be prescribed by the central government30(3) the central government may, by notification in the official gazette, make a scheme specifying the manner in which the scheme shall be administered by the central government or general insurance council, the form, manner and the time within which applications for compensation may be made, the officers or authorities to whom such applications may be made, the procedure to be followed by such officers or authorities for considering and passing orders on such applications, and all other matters connected with, or incidental to, the administration of the scheme and the payment of compensation under this section(4) a scheme made under sub-section (3) may provide that,—35(a) a payment of such sum as may be prescribed by the central government as interim relief to any claimant under such scheme;40(b) a contravention of any provision thereof shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to two years, or with fine which shall not be less than twenty-five thousand rupees but may extend to five lakh rupees or with both; (c) the powers, functions or duties conferred or imposed on any officer or authority by such scheme may be delegated with the prior approval in writing of central government, by such officer or authority to any other officer or authority;454 of 1939(d) any provision of such scheme may operate with retrospective effect from a date not earlier than the date of establishment of the solatium fund under the motor vehicles act, 1939 as it stood immediately before the commencement of this act: provided that no such retrospective effect shall be given so as to prejudicially affect the interests of any person who may be governed by such provisionscheme for golden hour57 of 19725162 (1) notwithstanding anything contained in the general insurance companies(nationalisation) act, 1972 or any other law for the time being in force or any instrument having the force of law, the insurance companies for the time being carrying on general insurance business in india shall provide in accordance with the provisions of this act and the scheme made under sub-section (2), for treatment of road accident victims during the golden hour(2) the central government shall make a scheme for the cashless treatment ofvictims of the accident during the golden hour and such scheme may contain provisions for creation of a fund for such treatment10refund in certain cases of compensationpaid undersection 16115163 (1) the payment of compensation in respect of the death of, or grievoushurt to, any person under section 161 shall be subject to the condition that if any compensation (hereafter in this sub-section referred to as the other compensation) or other amount in lieu of or by way of satisfaction of a claim for compensation is awarded or paid in respect of such death or grievous hurt under any other provision of this act or any other law for the time being in force or otherwise, so much of the other compensation or other amount aforesaid as is equal to the compensation paid under section 161, shall be refunded to the insurer20(2) before awarding compensation in respect of an accident involving the deathof, or bodily injury to, any person arising out of the use of a motor vehicle under any provision of this act other than section 161 or any other law for the time being in force, the claims tribunal, court or other authority awarding such compensation shall verify as to whether in respect of such death or bodily injury compensation has already been paid under section 161 or an application for payment of compensation is pending under that section, and such tribunal, court or other authority shall—25(a) if compensation has already been paid under section 161, direct theperson liable to pay the compensation awarded by it to refund to the insurer, so much thereof as is required to be refunded in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (1);30(b) if an application for payment of compensation is pending under section161 forward the particulars as to the compensation awarded by it to the insurer explanation—for the purpose of this sub-section, an application forcompensation under section 161 shall be deemed to be pending—(i) if such application has been rejected, till the date of the rejection of theapplication; and35(ii) in any other case, till the date of payment of compensation in pursuanceof the application40special provisions as to payment of compensation on structured formula basis164 (1) notwithstanding anything contained in this act or in any other law for the time being in force or instrument having the force of law, the owner of the motor vehicle or the authorised insurer shall be liable to pay in the case of death or grievous hurt due to any accident arising out of the use of motor vehicle, a compensation, in accordance with such payment schedule as may be prescribed by the central government, to the legal heirs or the victim, as the case may be: provided that the minimum compensation to a person shall be a sum as may be prescribed by the central government from time to time not exceeding ten lakh rupees in case of death or not exceeding five lakh rupees in case of grievous hurt45(2) in any claim for compensation under sub-section (1), the claimant shall not be required to plead or establish that the death or grievous hurt in respect of which the claim has been made was due to any wrongful act or neglect or default of the owner of the vehicle or of the vehicle concerned or of any other person50(3) where, in respect of death or grievous hurt due to an accident arising out of the use of motor vehicle, compensation has been paid under any other law for the time being in force, such amount of compensation shall be reduced from the amount of compensation payable under this section164a (1) the central government, may make schemes for the provision of interim relief to claimants praying for compensation under this chapterscheme for interim relief for claimants5(2) a scheme made under sub-section (1) shall also provide for procedure to recover funds disbursed under such scheme from the owner of the motor vehicle, where the claim arises out of the use of such motor vehicle or other sources as may be prescribed by the central government(3) a scheme made under sub-section (1) may provide that—10(a) any contravention of any provision thereof shall be punishable withimprisonment for such term which may extend to two years, or with fine which shall not be less than twenty-five thousand rupees but may extend to five lakh rupees or with both; and15(b) the powers, functions or duties conferred or imposed on any officer orauthority by such scheme may be delegated with the prior approval, in writing, of central government, by such officer or authority to any other officer or authority164b (1) the central government shall constitute a fund to be called the motor vehicle accident fund and thereto shall be credited—motor vehicle accident fund20(a) a cess or tax or payment of a nature notified and approved by thecentral government;(b) any grant or loan made to the fund by the central government; (c) any other source of income as may be prescribed by the centralgovernment25(2) the fund shall be constituted for the purpose of providing compulsory insurance cover to all road users in the territory of india(3) the fund shall be utilised for the following, namely:—(a) treatment of a person who has been grievously hurt in an accident tillsuch time he may be stabilised;30(b) compensation to representatives of a person who died in hit and runmotor accident, not caused by the deceased on whose behalf the claim is beingmade, and for which accident no person may be held liable;(c) compensation to a person grievously hurt in an accident where no faultcan be fixed upon either that person or on any other person involved in the accident; and35(d) compensation to such persons as may be prescribed by the centralgovernment(4) the maximum liability amount that shall be paid in each case shall be such as may be prescribed by the central government40(5) in all cases specified in clause (a) of sub-section (3), when the claim of such person becomes payable, where amount has been paid out of this fund to any person, the same amount shall be deductible from the claim received by such person from the insurance company(6) the fund shall be managed by such authority or agency as the central government may specify having regard to the following:—45(a) knowledge of insurance business of the agency; (b) capability of the agency to manage funds; and (c) any other criteria as may be prescribed by the central government(7) the central government shall maintain proper accounts and other relevant records and prepare an annual statement of accounts in such form as may be prescribed by the central government in consultation with the comptroller and auditor-general of india5(8) the accounts of the fund shall be audited by the comptroller and auditor-general of india at such intervals as may be specified by him10(9) the comptroller and auditor-general of india or any person appointed by him in connection with the audit of the accounts of the fund under this act shall have the same rights, privileges and authority in connection with such audit of the government accounts and, in particular, shall have the right to demand the production of books, accounts, connected vouchers and other documents and papers and to inspect any of the offices of the authority15(10) the accounts of the fund, as certified by the comptroller and auditor-general of india or any other person appointed by him in this behalf, together with the audit report thereon, shall be forwarded annual to the central government and the central government shall cause the same to be laid before each house of the parliament164c (1) the central government may make rules for the purposes of carrying into effect, the provisions of this chapterpower of central government to make rules(2) without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may provide for—20(a) the forms to be used for the purposes of this chapter including,—(i) the form of the insurance policy and the particulars it shall contain as referred to in sub-section (3) of section 147;25(ii) the form for making changes in regard to the fact of transfer inthe certificate of insurance under sub-section (2) of section 157;(iii) the form in which the accident information report may beprepared, the particulars it shall contain, the manner and the time for submitting the report to the claims tribunal and the other agency under sub-section (1) of section 159;30(iv) the form for furnishing information under section 160; and(v) the form of the annual statement of accounts for the motorvehicle crash fund as referred to in sub-section (7) of section 164b;(b) the making of applications for and the issue of certificates of insurance; (c) the issue of duplicates to replace certificates of insurance lost, destroyedor mutilated;35(d) the custody, production, cancellation and surrender of certificates ofinsurance;(e) the records to be maintained by insurers of policies of insurance issuedunder this chapter;40(f) the identification by certificates or otherwise of persons or vehiclesexempted from the provisions of this chapter;(g) the furnishing of information respecting policies of insurance byinsurers;45(h) adopting the provisions of this chapter to vehicles brought into indiaby persons making only a temporary stay therein or to vehicles registered in a reciprocating country and operating on any route or within any area in india by applying those provisions with prescribed modifications;(i) the requirements which a certificate of insurance is required to comply with as referred to in clause (b) of section 145;(j) the minimum premium and the maximum liability of an insurer under sub-section (2) of section 147;5(k) such other amount to be paid to a person by an insurer under the proviso to sub-section (2) of section 147;(l) the conditions subject to which an insurance policy shall be issued and other matters related thereto as referred to in sub-section (3) of section 147;(m) the details of settlement, the time limit for such settlement and the procedure thereof under sub-section (2) of section 149;10(n) the extent of exemptions and the modifications under the proviso tosub-section (3) of section 158;(o) the other evidence under sub-section (5) of section 158;15(p) such other agency to which the accident information report as referredto in section 159 may be submitted;(q) the time limit and fee for furnishing information under section 160; (r) the higher amount of compensation in respect of death under clause (a)of sub-section (2) of section 161;(s) the fixed sum to be paid as compensation in respect of grievous hurt under clause (b) of sub-section (2) of section 161;20(t) a sum to be paid as interim relief as referred to in clause (a) of sub-section (4) of section 161;(u) the payment schedule under sub-section (1) of section 164;25(v) the minimum compensation in case of death under the proviso to sub-section (1) of section 164;(w) such other sources from which funds may be recovered for the scheme as referred to in section 164a;(x) any other source of income that may be credited into the motor vehicle crash fund under sub-section (1) of section 164b;30(y) the persons to whom compensation may be paid under clause (d) of sub-section (3) of section 164b;(z) the maximum liability amount under sub-section (4) of section 164b; (za) the other criteria under clause (c) of sub-section (6) of section 164b;(zb) any other matter which is to be or may be prescribed or in respect of which provision is to be made by rules35power of state government to make rules164d (1) the state government may make rules for the purposes of carrying into effect, the provisions of this chapter other than the matters specified in section 164c40(2) without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may provide for—(a) the other authority under sub-section (5) of section 147"a m e n d m e n t of section 16550 in section 165 of the principal act, in the explanation, for the words, figures and letter "section 140 and section 163a", the word and figures "section 164" shall be substituted51 in section 166 of the principal act,—amendment of section 16645(i) in sub-section (2), the proviso shall be omitted;(ii) in sub-section (4), for the words, brackets and figures "sub-section (6) of section 158", the word and figures "section 159" shall be substituted;(iii) after sub-section (4), the following sub-section shall be inserted, namely:—5"(5) notwithstanding anything in this act or any other law for the time being in force, the right of a person to claim compensation for injury in an accident shall, upon the death of the person injured, survive to his legal representatives, irrespective of whether the cause of death is relatable to or had any nexus with the injury or not"52 in section 168 of the principal act, in sub-section (1),—amendment of section 16810(i) for the word and figures "section 162", the word and figure "section 163"shall be substituted;(ii) the proviso shall be omittedamendment of section 16953 in section 169 of the principal act, after sub-section (3), the following section shall be inserted, namely,—155 of 1908"(4) for the purpose of enforcement of its award, the claims tribunal shall also have all the powers of a civil court in the execution of a decree under the code of civil procedure, 1908, as if the award were a decree for the payment of money passed by such court in a civil suit"amendment of section 1702054 in section 170 of the principal act, for the word and figures "section 149" the word and figures "section 150" shall be substituteda m e n d m e n t of section 17355  in section 173 of the principal act, in sub-section (2), for the words "ten thousand", the words "one lakh" shall be substituted;amendment of section 1772556 in section 177 of the principal act, for the words "one hundred rupees" and "three hundred rupees", the words "five hundred rupees" and "one thousand and five hundred rupees" shall respectively be substituted| insertion     ||---------------|| section 177a |57 after section 177 of the principal act, the following section shall be inserted, namely:—30"177a whoever contravenes the regulations made under section 118, shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than five hundred rupees, but may extend to one thousand rupees"| penalty         ||-----------------|| contravention   || of regulations  || under section   || 118            || amendment       || of section 178 |58 in section 178 of the principal act, in sub-section (3), for the words " two hundred rupees", the words "five hundred rupees" shall be substituted59 in section 179 of the principal act,—amendment of  section 17935(i) in sub-section (1), for the words " five hundred rupees", the words "two thousand rupees" shall be substituted;(ii) in sub-section (2), for the words " five hundred rupees", the words "two thousand rupees" shall be substituteda m e n d m e n t of section 18060  in section 180 of the principal act, for the words "which may extend to one thousand rupees", the words " of five thousand rupees" shall be substituted40a m e n d m e n t of section 181 61 in section 181 of the principal act, for the words "which may extend to five hundred rupees", the words " of five thousand rupees" shall be substituted 62 in section 182 of the principal act,—amendment of section 182(i) in sub-section (1), for the words "which may extend to five hundred rupees", the words " of ten thousand rupees" shall be substituted;(ii) in sub-section (2), for the words " one hundred rupees", the words "ten thousand rupees" shall be substituted63 for section 182a of the principal act, the following sections shall be substituted, namely:—substitution of new sections for section 182a5"182a (1) whoever, being a manufacturer, importer or dealer of motor vehicles, sells or delivers or alters or offers to sell or deliver or alters, a motor vehicle that is in contravention of the provisions of chapter vii or the rules and regulations made thereunder, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine of one lakh rupees per such motor vehicle or with both:10punishment for offences relating to construction, maintenance, sale and alteration of motor vehicles andcomponents provided that no person shall be convicted under this section if he proves that, at the time of sale or delivery or alteration or offer of sale or delivery or alteration of such motor vehicle, he had disclosed to the other party of the manner in which such motor vehicle was in contravention of the provisions of chapter vii or the rules and regulations made thereunder15(2) whoever, being a manufacturer of motor vehicles, fails to comply with the provisions of chapter vii or the rules and regulations made thereunder, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year or with fine which may extend one hundred crore rupees or with both20(3) whoever, sells or offers to sell, or permits the sale of any component of a motor vehicle which has been notified as a critical safety component by the central government and which does not comply with chapter vii or the rules and regulations made thereunder shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year or with fine of one lakh rupees per such component or with both25(4) whoever, being the owner of a motor vehicle, alters a motor vehicle, including by way of retrofitting of motor vehicle parts, in a manner not permitted under the act or the rules and regulations made thereunder shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine of five thousand rupees per such alteration or with both30182b whoever contravenes the provisions of the section 62a, shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than five thousand rupees, but may extend to ten thousand rupees"punishment for contravention of section 62aa m e n d m e n t of section 18364 in section 183 of the principal act,—(i) in sub-section (1),—3540(a) after the words "whoever drives", the words "or causes any person who is employed by him or subjects someone under his control to drive" shall be inserted;(b) for the words "with fine which extend to four hundred rupees, or, if having been previously convicted of an offence under this sub-section is again convicted of an offence under this sub-section, with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees", the following shall be substituted, namely:—"in the following manner, namely:—(i) where such motor vehicle is a light motor vehicle with fine which shall not be less than one thousand rupees but may extend to two thousand rupees;45(ii) where such motor vehicle is a medium goods vehicle or a medium passenger vehicle or a heavy goods vehicle or a heavy passenger vehicle with fine which shall not be less than two thousand rupees, but may extend to four thousand rupees; and(iii) for the second or any subsequent offence under this subsection the driving licence of such driver shall be impounded as per the provisions of sub-section (4) of section 206"(ii) sub-section (2) shall be omitted5(iii) in sub-section (3), after the word "mechanical", the words "or electronic"shall be inserted(iv) in sub-section (4), for the words, brackets and figure "sub-section (2)", the words, brackets and figure "sub-section (1)" shall be substituted65 in section 184 of the principal act,—10amendment of section184(i) after the words "dangerous to the public", the words " or which causes a sense of alarm or distress to the occupants of the vehicle, other road users, and persons near roads," shall be inserted;15(ii) for the words "which may extend to six months or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees", the words "which may extend to one year but shall not be less than six months or with fine which shall not be less than one thousand rupees but may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both" shall be substituted;(iii) for the words "which may extend to two thousand rupees", the words " of ten thousand rupees" shall be substituted;(iv) the following explanation shall be inserted, namely:—20"explanation— for the purpose of this section,—(a) jumping a red light; (b) violating a stop sign;(c) use of handheld communications devices while driving;(d) passing or overtaking other vehicles in a manner contrary to law;25(e) driving against the authorised flow of traffic; or (f) driving in any manner that falls far below what would be expected of a competent and careful driver and where it would be obvious to a competent and careful driver that driving in that manner would be dangerous"30shall amount to driving in such manner which is dangerous to public66 in section 185 of the principal act,—amendment of section185(i) in clause (a), after the words "breath analyser,", the words "or in any another test including a laboratory test," shall be inserted;35(ii) for the words "which may extend to two thousand rupees", the words " of ten thousand rupees" shall be substituted;(iii) the words " if committed within three years of the commission of the previous similar offence," shall be omitted;(iv) for the words "which may extend to three thousand rupees", the words "of fifteen thousand rupees" shall be substituted;40(v) for the explanation, the following explanation shall be substituted, namely:—"explanation— for the purposes of this section, the expression "drug"means any intoxicant other than alcohol, natural or synthetic, or any natural material or any salt, or preparation of such substance or material as may be notified by the central government under this act and includes a narcotic drug61 of 1985and psychotropic substance as defined in clause (xiv) and clause (xxiii) of section 2 of the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances act, 1985"amendment of section 186567 in section 186 of the principal act, for the words "two hundred rupees" and "five hundred rupees", the words "one thousand rupees" and "two thousand rupees" shall respectively be substituted68 in section 187 of the principal act,—amendment of section 187(i) for the brackets and letter "(c)" the brackets and letter "(a)" shall be substituted;(ii) for the words "three months", the words "six months" shall be substituted;10(iii) for the words "which may extend to five hundred rupees", the words " of five thousand rupees" shall be substituted;(iv) for the words "six months", the words "one year" shall be substituted; and (v) for the words "which may extend to one thousand rupees", the words " of ten thousand rupees" shall be substituted1569 in section 189 of the principal act,—amendment of section 189(i) for the words "one month", the words "three months" shall be substituted; (ii) for the words "which may extend to five hundred rupees", the words "of five thousand rupees" shall be substituted;20(iii) after the words "with both", the words ", and for a subsequent offence shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine of ten thousand rupees; or with both" shall be inserted70 in section 190 of the principal act,—amendment of section 190(i) in sub-section (1),—25(a) for the words "which may extend to two hundred and fifty rupees" the words " of one thousand five hundred rupees" shall be substituted;(b) for the words "which may extend to one thousand rupees" the words"of five thousand rupees" shall be substituted; and30(c) after the words "with both", the words, and for a subsequent offence shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with a fine of ten thousand rupees for bodily injury or damage to property" shall be inserted (ii) in sub-section (2),—35(a) for the words "a fine of one thousand rupees",  the words "imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees or with both and he shall be disqualified for holding licence for a period of three months" shall be substituted; and(b) for the words "a fine of two thousand rupees",  the words "imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees or with both" shall be substituted; and (iii) in sub-section (3),—40(a) for the words "which may extend to three thousand rupees", the words"of ten thousand rupees and he shall be disqualified for holding licence for a period of three months" shall be substituted; and45(b) for the words "which may extend to five thousand rupees", the words"of twenty thousand rupees" shall be substituted; 71 section 191 of the principal act shall be omittedomission of section 191a m e n d m e n t of section 19272 in section 192 of the principal act, the following explanation shall be inserted, namely:5"explanation— use of a motor vehicle in contravention of the provisions of section 56 shall be deemed to be a contravention of the provisions of section 39 and shall be punishable in the same manner as provided in sub-section (1)"73 in section 192a of the principal act, in sub-section (1),—a m e n d m e n t of section192a(i) after the words "for the first offence with", the words "imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year and" shall be inserted;10(ii) for the words "which may extend to five thousand rupees but shall not be less than two thousand rupees", the words " of ten thousand rupees" shall be substituted;(iii) for the words "one year", the words "two years" shall be substituted; (iv) for the words "three months", the words "six months" shall be substituted;15(v) for the words "which may extend to ten thousand rupees but shall not be less than five thousand rupees", the words "of twenty thousand rupees" shall be substituted74 after section 192a in the principal act, the following section shall be inserted, namely:—insertion of new section192b20offences relating to registration"192b (1) whoever, being the owner of a motor vehicle, fails to make an application for registration of such motor vehicle under sub-section (1) of section 41shall be punishable with fine of five times the annual road tax or one-third of the lifetime tax of the motor vehicle whichever is higher25(2) whoever, being a dealer, fails to make an application for the registration of a new motor vehicle under the second proviso to sub-section (1) of section 41 shall be punishable with fine of fifteen times the annual road tax or the lifetime tax of the motor vehicle whichever is higher30(3) whoever, being the owner of a motor vehicle, obtains a certificate of registration for such vehicle on the basis of documents which were, or by representation of facts which was, false in any material particular, or the engine number or the chassis number embossed thereon are different from such number entered in the certificate of registration shall be punishable with fine of ten times the annual road tax or two-third of the lifetime tax of the motor vehicle whichever is higher35(4) whoever, being a dealer, obtains a certificate of registration for such vehicle on the basis of documents which were, or by representation of facts which was, false in any material particular, or the engine number or the chassis number embossed thereon are different from such number entered in the certificate of registration shall be punishable with fine of thirty times the annual road tax or twice the lifetime tax of the motor vehicle whichever is higher75 in the principal act,—amendment of section 19340 (a) in section 193, in the marginal heading, for the words "agents and canvassers", the words "agents, canvassers and aggregators" shall be substituted;(b) section 193 shall be numbered as sub-section (1) thereof, and—(i) in sub-section (1) as so numbered,—45(a) for the words "which may extend to one thousand rupees", the words "of one thousand rupees" shall be substituted;(b) for the words "which may extend to two thousand rupees", the words "of two thousand rupees" shall be substituted;(ii) after sub-section (1) as so numbered, the following sub-sections shall be inserted, namely:—5"(2) whoever engages himself as an aggregator in contravention of the provisions of section 93 or of any rules made thereunder shall be punishable with fine up to one lakh rupees but shall not be less than twenty-five thousand rupees10(3) whoever, while operating as an aggregator contravenes a condition of the licence granted under sub-section (4) of section 93, not designated by the state government as a material condition, shall be punishable with fine of five thousand rupees"76 in section 194 of the principal act,—a m e n d m e n t of section 194(i) in sub-section (1),—(a) the word "minimum" shall be omitted;15(b) for the words "of two thousand rupees and an additional amount of one thousand rupees per tonne of excess load", the words "of twenty thousand rupees and an additional amount of two thousand rupees per tonne of excess load" shall be substituted;(c) the following proviso shall be inserted, namely:—20"provided that such motor vehicle shall not be allowed to move before such excess load is removed or is caused or allowed to be removed by the person in control of such motor vehicle"(ii) after sub-section (1), the following sub-section shall be inserted, namely:—25"(1a) whoever drives a motor vehicle or causes or allows a motor vehicle to be driven when such motor vehicle is loaded in such a manner that the load or any part thereof or anything extends laterally beyond the side of the body or to the front or to the rear or in height beyond the permissible limit shall be punishable with a fine of twenty thousand rupees, together with the liability to pay charges for off-loading of such load:30provided that such motor vehicle shall not be allowed to move before such load is arranged in a manner such that there is no extension of the load laterally beyond the side of the body or to the front or to the rear or in height beyond the permissible limit:35provided further that nothing in this sub-section shall apply when such motor vehicle has been given an exemption by the competent authority authorized in this behalf, by the state government or the central government, allowing the carriage of a particular load" (iii) in sub-section (2), for the words, "which may extend to three thousand rupees" the words "of forty thousand rupees" shall be substituted 77 after section 194 in the principal act, the following sections shall be inserted, namely:—40insertion of new sections 194a, 194b, 194c, 194d, 194e and 194fcarriage of excess passengers45"194a whoever drives a transport vehicle or causes or allows a transport vehicle to be driven while carrying more passengers than is authorized in the registration certificate of such transport vehicle or the permit conditions applicable to such transport vehicle shall be punishable with a fine of one thousand rupees per excess passenger:provided that such transport vehicle shall not be allowed to move before the excess passengers are off-loaded and an alternative transport is arranged for such passengers194b (1) whoever drives a motor vehicle without wearing a safety belt or carriespassengers not wearing seat belts shall be punishable with a fine of one thousand rupees:use of safety belts and the seating ofchildren5provided that the state government, may by notification in the official gazette,exclude the application of this sub-section to transport vehicles allowed carrying standing passengers or other specified classes of transport vehicles10(2) whoever drives a motor vehicle or causes or allows a motor vehicle to bedriven with a child who, not having attained the age of fourteen years, is not secured by a safety belt or a child restraint system shall be punishable with a fine of one thousand rupees194c whoever drives a motor cycle or causes or allows a motor cycle to bedriven in contravention of the provisions of section 128 or the rules or regulations made thereunder shall be punishable with a fine of one thousand rupees and he shall be disqualified for holding licence for a period of three monthspenalty for violation ofsafetymeasures for motor cycle drivers and pillion riders15penalty for not wearing protective headgear194d whoever drives a motor cycle or causes or allows a motor cycle to bedriven in contravention of the provisions of section 129 or the rules or regulations made thereunder shall be punishable with a fine of one thousand rupees and he shall be disqualified for holding licence for a period of three months20failure to allow free passage to emergency vehicles194e whoever while driving a motor vehicle fails to draw to the side of the road,on the approach of a fire service vehicle or of an ambulance or other emergency vehicle as may be specified by the state government, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with a fine of ten thousand rupees or with both194f whoever —use of horns and silence zones25(a) while driving a motor vehicle —(i) sounds the horn needlessly or continuously or more thannecessary to ensure safety, or(ii) sounds the horn in an area with a traffic sign prohibiting the useof a horn, or30(b) drives a motor vehicle which makes use of a cut-out by which exhaustgases are released other than through the silencer,shall be punishable with a fine of one thousand rupees and for a second or subsequent offence with a fine of two thousand rupees78 section 195 of the principal act shall be omittedomission of section 1953579 in section 196 of the principal act,—amendment of  section 196(i) after the word "shall be punishable", the words "for the first offence" shall beinserted;(ii) for the words "which may extend to one thousand rupees", the words "oftwo thousand rupees," shall be substituted; and40(iii) after the words "with both", the words ", and for a subsequent offence shallbe punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine of four thousand rupees, or with both" shall be inserted80 in section 197 of the principal act,—amendment of  section 19745(i) in sub-section (1), for the words "which may extend to five hundred rupees",the words "of five thousand rupees" shall be substituted;(ii) in sub-section (2), for the words "which may extend to five hundred rupees"the words "of five thousand rupees" shall be substituted81 in section 198 of the principal act, for the words "with fine which may extend to one hundred rupees", the words "with fine of one thousand rupees" shall be substitutedamendment of  section 198582 after section 199 of the principal act, the following section shall be inserted, namely:—insertion of new section 199aoffences byjuveniles10"199a (1) where an offence under this act has been committed by a juvenile, the guardian of such juvenile or the owner of the motor vehicle shall be deemed to be guilty of the contravention and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly: provided that nothing in this sub-section shall render such guardian or owner liable to any punishment provided in this act, if he proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge or that he exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of such offence15explanation - for the purposes of this section, the court shall presume that the use of the motor vehicle by the juvenile was with the consent of the guardian of such juvenile or the owner of the motor vehicle, as the case may be20(2) in addition to the penalty under sub-section (1), such guardian or owner shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and with a fine of twenty-five thousand rupees(3) the provisions of sub-section (1) and sub-section (2) shall not apply to such guardian or owner if the juvenile committing the offence had been granted a learner's licence under section 8 or a driving licence and was operating a motor vehicle which such juvenile was licensed to operate25(4) where an offence under this act has been committed by a juvenile, the registration of the motor vehicle used in the commission of the offence shall be cancelled for a period of twelve months30(5) where an offence under this act has been committed by a juvenile, then notwithstanding section 4 or section 7, such juvenile shall not be eligible to be granted a driving licence under section 9 or a learner's licence under section 8 until such juvenile has attained the age of twenty-five years56 of 2000(6) where an offence under this act has been committed by a juvenile, then such juvenile shall be eligible to be punished by fines as provided in the act while any custodial sentence may be modified as per the provisions of the juvenile justice act, 2000"3583 in section 200 of the principal act,—(i) in sub-section (1),—amendment of  section 20040 45(a) for the words, brackets and figures "punishable under section 177, section 178, section 179, section 180, section 181, section 182, sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) of section 183, section 184, section 186, section 189, sub-section (2) of section 190, section 191, section 192, section 194, section 196, or section 198,", the words, brackets, figures and letters "punishable under section 177, section 178, section 179, section 180, section 181, section 182, sub-section (1) or sub-section (3) or sub-section (4) of section 182a, section 182b, sub-section (1)or sub-section (2) of section 183, section 184 only to the extent of use of handheld communication devices, section 186, section 189, sub-section (2) of section 190, section 192, section 192a, section 194, section 194a, section 194b, section 194c, section 194d, section 194e, section 194f, section 196, section 198, shall be inserted;(b) the following proviso shall be inserted, namely: provided that the state government may, in addition to such amount, require the offender to undertake a period of community service(ii) after sub-section (2) the following provisos shall be inserted, namely:—5"provided that, notwithstanding compounding under this section, such offence shall be deemed to be a previous commission of the same offence for the purpose of determining whether a subsequent offence has been committed:10provided further that compounding of an offence will not discharge the offender from proceedings under sub-section (4) of section 206 or the obligation to complete a driver refresher training course, or the obligation to complete community service, if applicable"84 in section 201 of the principal act,—amendment of  section 201(i) in sub-section (1),—(a) the word "disabled" shall be omitted;15(b) for the words "fifty rupees per hour", the words "five hundred rupees",shall be substituted;(ii) in proviso to sub-section (1), for the words "government agency, towing charges", the words "an agency authorised by the central government or state government, removal charges" shall be substituted20(iii) after sub-section (2), the following sub-section shall be inserted, namely:—"(3) sub-section (1) shall not apply where the motor vehicle has suffered an unforeseen breakdown and is in the process of being removed (iv) after sub-section (3) the following explanation shall be inserted, namely:—25"explanation— for the purposes of this section, "removal charges"includes any costs involved in the removal of the motor vehicle from one location to another, including by way of towing and also includes any costs related to storage of such motor vehicle"amendment of section 20685 in section 206 of the principal act, after sub-section (3) the following sub-section shall be inserted, namely:—30"(4) a police officer or other person authorised in this behalf by the stategovernment shall, if he has reason to believe that the driver of a motor vehicle has committed an offence under any of sections 183, 184, 185, 189, 190, 194c, 194d, or 194e, seize the driving licence held by such driver and forward it to the licensing authority for disqualification or revocation proceedings under section 19:35provided that the person seizing the licence shall give to the person surrenderingthe licence a temporary acknowledgement therefor but such acknowledgement shall not authorise the holder to drive until the licence has been returned to him"86  after section 210 of the principal act, the following sections shall inserted, namely:—insertion of new sections 210a and 210b40power of the state government to increase penalties45"210a subject to conditions made by the central government, a stategovernment, shall, by notification in the official gazette, specify a multiplier, not less than one and not greater than ten, to be applied to each fine under this act and such modified fine, shall be in force in such state and different multipliers may be applied to different classes of motor vehicles as may be classified by the state government for the purpose of this section210b any authority that is empowered to enforce the provisions of this act shall, if such authority commits an offence under this act, shall be liable for twice the penalty corresponding to that offence under this act"penalty for offence committed by an enforcing authority587 after section 211 of the principal act, the following section shall be inserted, namely:—| insertion    | of      ||--------------|---------|| new          | section || 211a        |         |"211a (1) where any provision of this act or the rules and regulations made thereunder provides for—use of electronic forms and documents10(a) the filing of any form, application or any other document with anyoffice, authority, body or agency owned or controlled by the central government or the state government in a particular manner;(b) the issue or grant of any licence, permit, sanction, approval or endorsement, by whatever name called in a particular manner;(c) the receipt or payment of money in a particular manner,15then notwithstanding anything contained in such provision, such requirement shall be deemed to have been satisfied if such filing, issue, grant, receipt or payment, as the case may be, is effected by means of such electronic form as may be prescribed by the central government or the state government, as the case may be(2) the central government or the state government shall, for the purpose of sub-section (1), prescribe —20(a) the manner and format in which such electronic forms and documents shall be filed, created or issued; and(b) the manner or method of payment of any fee or charges for filing, creation or issue of any electronic document under clause (a)"88 in section 212 of the principal act,—25(i) in sub-section (4),—amendment of  section 212(a) after the words, brackets and figures "the proviso to sub-section (1) of section 112", the words and figures "section 118" shall be inserted;(b) for the words, brackets, figures and letter "sub-section (4) of section163a", the word, figures and letter "section 164, section 177a" shall be inserted;30(ii) after sub-section (4), the following sub-section shall be inserted, namely:—3540"(5) every notification issued by the state government under section210a shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before each house of the state legislature where it consists of two houses, or where such legislature consists of one house, before that house, while it is in session for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one session or in two or more successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session immediately following the session or the successive sessions aforesaid, the house agrees or both houses agree, as the case may be, in making any modification in the notification or the house agrees or both houses agree, as the case may be, that the notification should not be issued, the notification shall thereafter have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be; so, however, that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that notification"4589 after section 215 of the principal act, the following sections shall be inserted, namely:—insertion of new sections 215a, 215b and 215c5power of the central government and state government to delegate215a (1) notwithstanding anything else contained in this act the central government shall have the power to delegate any power or functions that have been conferred upon it by the act to any person or groups of persons and authorise such person or group of persons to discharge any of its powers, functions and duties under this act(2) notwithstanding anything else contained in this act the state government shall have the power to delegate any power or functions that have been conferred upon it by the act to any person or groups of persons and authorise such person or group of persons to discharge any of its powers, functions and duties under this act10215b (1) the central government may make rules for the purposes of carryinginto effect, the provisions of this chapterpower of central government to make rules(2) without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may provide for—15(a) the use of electronic forms and means for the filing of documents, issueor grant of licence, permit, sanction, approval or endorsements and the receipt or payment of money as referred to in section 211a; and(b) the minimum qualifications which the motor vehicles departmentofficers or any class thereof shall be required to possess for appointment as such, as referred to in sub-section (4) of section 21320215c (1) the state government may make rules for the purposes of carrying intoeffect, the provisions of this chapter other than the matters specified in section 215fpower of state government to make rules(2) without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may provide for—25(a) the use of electronic forms and means for the filing of documents, issueor grant of licence, permit, sanction, approval or endorsements and the receipt or payment of money as referred to in section 211a;30(b) the duties and functions of the officers of the motor vehicle departmentand the discharge thereof, the powers to be exercised by such officers (including the powers exercisable by police officers under this act) and the conditions governing the exercise of such powers, the uniform to be worn by them, the authorities to which they shall be subordinate as referred to in sub-section (3) ofsection 213; and(c) such other powers as may be exercised by officers of the motor vehiclesdepartment as referred to in clause (f) of sub-section (5) of section 213 bill no 214 of  2016 the motor vehicles (amendment) bill, 2016 a bill further to amend the motor vehicles act, 1988be it enacted by parliament in the sixty-seventh year of the republic of india as follows:—1 (1) this act may be called the motor vehicles (amendment) act, 2016short title and commencement5(2) it shall come into force on such date as the central government may, by notification in the official gazette, appoint and different dates may be appointed for different states and any reference in this act to the commencement of this act shall, in relation to a state, be construed as a reference to the coming into force of this act in that stateamendment of section 259 of 19882 in the motor vehicles act, 1988 (hereinafter referred to as the principal act), in section 2,10(i) for clause (1), the following clauses shall be substituted, namely:—'(1) "adapted vehicle" means a motor vehicle either specially designed and constructed, or to which alterations have been made under sub-section (2) of section 52, for the use of a person suffering from any physical defect or disability, and used solely by or for such person; statement of objects and reasonsthe motor vehicles act, 1988, was enacted with a view to consolidate and amend the laws relating to motor vehicles  the act was enacted to give effect to the suggestions made by the supreme court in mk kunhimohammed v pa ahmedkutty, (1987) 4 scc 2842 the said act was amended several times to adapt to the technological up gradation emerging in road transport, passenger and freight movement and in motor vehicle management with rapidly increasing motorisation, india is facing an increasing burden of road traffic injuries and fatalities the emotional and social trauma caused to the family which looses its bread winner, cannot be quantified  india is signatory to the brasilia declaration and is committed to reduce the number of road accident fatality by fifty per cent by the year 2020 the road transport sector also plays a major role in the economy of the country3 numerous representations and recommendations in the form of grievances and suggestions from various stake holders have been received in the ministry, citing cases of increase in road accidents, delay in issue of driving licences, the disregard of traffic rules and regulations etc therefore, in order to improve road safety and transport system, amendments are required to be made urgently in the motor vehicles act, 1988 to address safety and efficiency issues in the transport sector4 in view of the above, it has become necessary to amend certain provisions of the said act the proposed motor vehicles (amendment) bill, 2016 seeks to address the issues relating to road safety, citizen facilitation, strengthening public transport, automation and computerization5 the motor vehicles (amendment) bill, 2016, inter alia, provides for the following, namely:—(a) to facilitate grant of online learning license; (b) to replace the existing provisions of insurance with simplified provisions  in order to provide expeditious help to accident victims and their families;(c) to increase the time limit for renewal of driving license from one month to six months before and after the expiry date;(d) to increase the period for renewal of transport license from three years to five years;(e) to enable the licensing authority to grant license even to the differently abled persons;(f) to enable the states to promote public transport, rural transport and last mile connectivity by relaxing any of the provisions of the act pertaining to permits;(g) to increase the fines and penalties for violation of provisions of the act; and(h)  to make a provision for protection of good samaritans6 the notes on clauses explain in detail the various provisions contained in the bill 7 the bill seeks to achieve the above objectivesnew delhi;nitin  gadkarithe 5th august, 2016 notes on clausesclause 1 provides for the short title of the bill as "the motor vehicles (amendment)act, 2016", and seeks to provide for the commencement of the provisions of the bill from such date as may be notified by the central government and different dates may be appointed for different states for different provisions of the billclause 2 seeks to amend section 2 of the motor vehicles act, 1988(act) relating to definitions of certain expressions used in the act such as, 'medium passenger motor vehicle', 'motor car' and 'weight' and to insert some new definitions in section 2, such as, 'adapted vehicle', 'aggregator', 'community service', 'driver refresher training course', 'golden hour', 'scheme' and 'testing agency'clause 3 seeks to insert a new section 2b in the act to provide flexibility to the central government to exempt new technologies, inventions or innovations from the provisions of the principal act so as to give such technologies and innovationsclause 4 seeks to amend section 8 of the act to simplify the procedure for obtaining a learner's licence it seeks to enable an applicant to apply to any licensing authority in the state, to use online means to submit the application, fee and other documents, and allow the government flexibility in determining the eligibility to obtain a learner's licence it also seeks to provide for the issue of a learner's licence in electronic formclause 5 seeks to amend section 9 of the act to simplify the procedure for the grant of a driving licence it seeks to enable an applicant to apply to any licensing authority in the state, removes the requirement for minimum educational qualification as long as the applicant holds a certificate from a driver training school or establishment it also seeks to provide that an applicant who fails the test of competence repeatedly shall be required to undergo a remedial driver training course before such applicant can apply againclause 6 seeks to amend section 10 of the act to replace the term 'invalid carriage' with the term 'adapted vehicle'clause 7 seeks to amend section 11 of the act so as to allow a licence holder to apply to any licensing authority in the state for the addition of other classes or descriptions of motor vehicles to his or her driving licenceclause 8 seeks to amend section 12 of the act to allow applicants who have obtained specialized training that has been devised by the central government, from accredited schools or establishments, to drive without being required to meet other requirements eg driving with light motor vehicle for at least one year before being granted a learner's licence to drive a transport vehicleclause 9 seeks to amend section 14 of the act to increase the length of time for which a driving licence shall remain validclause 10 seeks to amend section 15 of the act to allow a licence holder to apply for renewal of licence any time in a window of six months before expiry of licence and six months after it also seeks to provide that any applicant who attempt to renew his or her driving licence more than six months after expiry shall have to undergo a test of competenceclause 11 seeks to amend section 19 of the act to provide for disqualification from holding driving licence and revocation of driving licence of drivers found to commit certain offence, such as, jumping red lights, driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs, driving licence using a mobile phone, driving in the wrong way etc it also seeks to provide that such licence holders shall be required to complete a driver refresher training course, as prescribed by the central governmentclause 12 seeks to insert a new section 25a in the act to establish a national register of driving licences containing data on all driving licences issued throughout india and facilitate the grant of licences in a transparent and efficient manner it also seeks to enable the state governments to transmit all information contained in the state register of driving licences to the central government and to update the national register in a manner to be prescribed by the central government it also seeks to subsume all state registers into the national register by a date to be notified by the central governmentclause 13 seeks to amend section 26 of the act to omit the requirement on the part of the state government to supply the central government with a copy of the state register of driving licencesclause 14 seeks to amend section 27 of the act in consequence of the amendments proposed in chapter ii of the actclause 15 seeks to amend section 40 of the act to allow an owner to register his motor vehicle by making an application to any registering authority in the stateclause 16 seeks to amend section 41 of the act to provide for the registration of new motor vehicles by dealers and provide for penalties for dealers who fail to register a new motor vehicle it also seeks to provide that new motor vehicles shall be delivered to the customers only after the affixation of the registration mark it also seeks to empower the central government to prescribe the validity of a registration certificate for different classes of motor vehiclesclause 17 seeks to amend section 43 of the act to enable the central government to make rules for the issue of temporary certificates of registration and temporary registration marks and it provides for an application for temporary registration to be made to a registering authority or any other authority as may be prescribed by the state governmentclause 18 seeks to amend section 44 of the act to remove the requirement of the production of a motor vehicle before the registering authority at the time of registrationclause 19 seeks to amend section 49 of the act to simplify the process for recording change of residence on registration certificate by means of online application process it also seeks to enhance the penalty for failure to provide the new information in a timely mannerclause 20 seeks to amend section 52 of the principal act to allow owners to alter or retrofit equipment to their motor vehicle and provides that the warranty granted by the manufacturer shall not be declared void when such alteration or retrofitment is done in accordance with specifications laid down by the central government it also empowers the central government to require manufacturers to retrofit safety and emissions control equipment on motor vehicles it also seeks to enable the conversion of a motor vehicle into an adapted vehicle for use by persons with disabilitiesclause 21 seeks to amend section 55 of the act to provide for the cancellation of the registration of a motor vehicle which has been used by a juvenile in contravention of the provisions of the principal actclause 22 seeks to amend section 56 of the act to provide for automated testing facilities at authorized testing stations for grant of certificates of fitness to motor vehicles and to ensure that no certificate of fitness shall be granted after october 1 2018 unless the motor vehicle is tested at such automated testing facilities it also empowers the central government to direct other motor vehicles, in addition to transport vehicles, to carry certificates of fitness it also seeks to provide that transport vehicles with valid certificates of fitness shall carry clear visible distinguishable marks on their bodiesclause 23 seeks to amend section 59 of the act to enable the central government to make rules for the recycling of motor vehicles and motor vehicle parts at the end of their lifeclause 24 seeks to insert new provisions, viz, sections 62a and 62b in the actsection 62a seeks to prohibit the registration of oversized vehicles and issuance of certificates of fitness to such vehicles section 62b seeks to establish the national register of motor vehicles that shall contain data on all motor vehicles registered throughout india it also provides that no certificate of registration shall be issued or renewed unless it has been issued a unique registration number under the national register it also enable the state governments to transmit information and data contained in the state registers of motor vehicles to the national register and update the national register in accordance with rules as may be prescribed by the central governmentclause 25 seeks to amend section 63 of the act to enable the central government to prescribe the form in which a state government shall supply the updated details of the state register of motor vehicles to the central governmentclause 26 seeks to amend section 64 of the act in consequence of the amendments proposed in chapter iv of the actclause 27 seeks to amend section 66 of the act to exempt transport vehicles, operating with a licence under a scheme for the transportation of goods and passengers made under the provisions of chapter v of the act from acquiring a permit it also allows a transport vehicle which has been issued a permit or a licence under a scheme for the transportation of goods and passengers made under the provisions of chapter v of the act to ply either under such permit or such licence at the discretion of the owner of the transport vehicleclause 28 seeks to insert new provisions, viz, sections 66a and 66b in the actsection 66a seeks to empower the central government to develop and implement a national transportation policy section 66b seeks to provide that permit holders shall not be disqualified from applying for a licence under a scheme for the transportation of goods and passengers made under the provisions of chapter v of the act nor shall such permit holder be required to surrender the permit on being issued such a licenceclause 29 seeks to amend section 67 of the act to empower the state government to issue directions to the state transport authority and the regional transport authorities to safeguard the convenience of passengers, prevent overcrowding, promote road safety and provide economically competitive fares it also empowers the state government to relax any of the provisions made under chapter v and modify permits and make schemes for the transportation of goods and passengers to enhance last mile connectivity and rural transport, reduce traffic congestion, improve urban transport, promote safety of road users, better utilization of transport assets, enhance regional economic vitality, increase accessibility and mobility, protect the environment, promote energy conservation, improve the quality of life and enhance multimodal integration among other purposesclause 30 seeks to amend section 72 of the act to empower the regional transport authority to waive any permit condition for a stage carriage operating in a rural areaclause 31 seeks to amend section 74 of the act in order to empower the regional transport authority to waive any permit condition for a contract carriage to promote low cost last mile connectivity solutions it also seeks to facilitate empowerment of marginalised and vulnerable groups through preference in issuance of permitsclause 32 seeks to insert a new section 88a in the act to empower the central government to modify permits and make schemes for inter-state transport of goods and passengersclause 33 seeks to amend section 92 of the act in order to void any contract for conveyance of a passenger in a transport vehicle licenced under a scheme made under chapter v that seeks to negative or restrict liability on imposes condition for the enforcement of liability for the death or bodily injury suffered by such passenger arising out of the use of such transport vehicleclause 34 seeks to amend section 93 of the act in order to provide statutory recognition to transport aggregatorsclause 35 seeks to amend section 94 of the act in order to act to oust the jurisdiction of civil courts to entertain any question or issue injunction relating to the issue of licences under a scheme made under chapter vclause 36 seeks to amend section 96 of the act consequence of the amendment proposed in chapter vclause 37 seeks to amend section 110 of the act for the enforcement of standards for construction, equipment and maintenance of motor vehiclesclause 38 seeks to insert new provisions, viz, sections 110a and 110b in the actsection 110a seeks to empower the central government to recall vehicles which do not meet standards and for making rules in this behalf section 110b seeks to provide for issue of typeapproval certificates and the establishment and regulation of testing agencies for testing of motor vehicles and issue of type approval certificates, and for the making of rules in this behalf by the central governmentclause 39 seeks to amend section 114 of the act in order to enable state governments to designate any agency as the enforcement agency for this sectionclause 40 seeks to amend section 116 of the act in order to enable the nhai to construct traffic signs for highways and for roads immediately leading up to highwaysclause 41 seeks to amend section 117 of the act for the establishment of parking facilities motor vehiclesclause 42 seeks to substitute section 129 of the act the new section 129 exempts children below four years of age from the ambit of this provision and empowers the central government to make rules for additional measures for the safety of children below four yearsclause 43 seeks to insert a new section 134a in the act to protect good samaritans clause 44 seeks to amend section 135 of the act to empower the state government to make schemes for any amenities that they deem fit in the interests of the public it also empowers the central government to make schemes for in-depth studies and analysis of causes of road accidentsclause 45 seeks to insert a new section 136a in the act in order to allow electronic monitoring and enforcementclause 46 seeks to amend section 137 of the act in consequence of the amendments proposed in chapter viiiclause 47 seeks to amend section 138 of the act in order to empower states to regulate pedestrians and non-motorised transportclause 48 seeks to omit chapter x of the act because no fault liability has been provided for under section 164 of the new chapter xiclause 49 seeks to substitute chapter xi of the principal act with a new chapter xithis chapter aims to simplify the third party insurance for motor vehicles it empowers the central government to prescribe the premium and the corresponding liability of the insurer for such a policy it also provides for compensation on the basis of no-fault liability, scheme for the treatment of accident victims during the golden hour and provides for increase in the compensation to accident victims up to a limit of ten lakh rupees in the case of death and five lakh rupees in the case of grievous hurt it also provides a scheme for interim relief to be given to claimantsclause 50 seeks to amend section 165 of the act in consequence of the amendments proposed in chapters x and xiclause 51 seeks to amend section 166 of the act to ensure that a claim for compensation does not abate on the death of the claimant and may be continued by his legal representativesclause 52 seeks to amend section 168 of the act in consequence of the amendment proposed in chapters x and xiclause 53 seeks to amend section 169 of the act in order to confer powers of the civil court upon the claims tribunals with regard to execution of a decree passed by itselfclause 54 seeks to amend section 170 of the act in consequence of the amendment proposed in chapters x and xiclause 55 seeks to amend section 173 of the act in order to increase the amount in controversy required for an appeal from the decision of the claims tribunal to be heard by the high courtclause 56 seeks to amend section 177 of the act in order to enhance the general penaltiesclause 57 seeks to insert a new section 177a in the act in order to provide for penalties for violation of the rules of the road regulations and other regulations made under section 118 of the actclause 58 seeks to amend section 178 of the act in order to enhance penalties for travelling without pass or ticketclause 59 seeks to amend section 179 of the act in order to enhance penalties for disobedience of orders, obstruction, etcclause 60 seeks to amend section 180 of the act in order to enhance penalty for allowing unauthorised persons to drive vehiclesclause 61 seeks to amend section 181 of the principal act it enhances penalty for driving vehicles in contravention of section 3 and section 4 of the actclause 62 seeks to amend section 182 of the act, in order to enhance the penalties for offences relating to licencesclause 63 seeks to amend section 182a of the act, in order to enhance penalties for contravention of provisions of chapter vii by manufacturers, importers, dealers and owners of motor vehicles  it is also proposed to insert a new section 182b in the act in order to provide for penalty for registration and issuance of certificate of fitness to oversized vehiclesclause 64 seeks to amend section 183 of the act in order to enhance the penalties for driving at excessive speed and to provide for different penalties for different classes of motor vehiclesclause 65 seeks to amend section 184 of the act in order to enhance penalties for driving dangerously it also seeks to insert an explanation giving examples of acts that are considered driving in a manner dangerous to the public, such as jumping a red light, violating a stop sign, use of handheld communication devices while driving, passing or overtaking any motor vehicle in violation of law, etcclause 66 seeks to amend section 185 of the act in order to enhance the penalties for driving under the influence of alcohol or drugsclause 67 seeks to amend section 186 of the act in order to enhance the penalties for driving when mentally or physically unfit to driveclause 68 seeks to amend section 187 of the act in order to enhance the penalties for offences relating to accidentclause 69 seeks to amend section 189 of the act in order to enhance the penalties for racing and trials of speedclause 70 seeks to amend section 190 of the act in order to enhance the penalties for using vehicle in unsafe conditionclause 71 seeks to omit section 191 of the act, which deals with sale of vehicle in or alteration of vehicle to condition contravening the actclause 72 seeks to amend section 192 of the act in order to provide that use of a motor vehicle in contravention of provisions regarding certificate of fitness shall be deemed as use of a motor vehicle not registered under the act and shall be punishable in the same mannerclause 73 seeks to amend section 192a of the act in order to enhance the penalties for using a transport vehicle in contravention of section 66clause 74 seeks to insert a new section 192b in the act to provide for imposition of penalty on an owner or dealer, as the case may be, for failure to make an application for registration and for false representation of facts or documentsclause 75 seeks to amend section 193 of the act in order to enhance the penalties for agents and canvassers and provide for penalties for aggregators for contravening the provisions of this act and the conditions of licenceclause 76 seeks to amend section 194 of the act in order to enhance the penalties for driving vehicle exceeding permissible weight it also provides that a motor vehicle will not be allowed to move before excess load is removedclause 77 seeks to insert new provisions, viz, section 194a, 194b, 194c, 194d, 194eand 194f in the act section 194a imposes a penalty for carriage of more passengers than authorised in the registration certificate  section 194b imposes a penalty on persons for not wearing seat belts and for not seating children in a safe manner  section 194c imposes a penalty for carriage of more than two persons, including the driver, on a motor cycle  section 194d imposes a penalty on persons for not wearing protective headgear while driving or riding a motor cycles  section 194e imposes a penalty for failing to draw to the side of the road to provide passage for an emergency vehicle  section 194f imposes a penalty for sounding the horn unnecessarily while driving a motor vehicleclause 78 seeks to omit section 195 of the act in order to eliminate discretion on the imposition of fine on offenderclause 79 seeks to amend section 196 of the act in order to enhance the penalties for driving an uninsured motor vehicleclause 80 seeks to amend section 197 of the act in order to enhance the penalties for taking a  motor vehicle without authorityclause 81 seeks to amend section 198 of the act in order to enhance the penalties for unauthorized interference with a motor vehicleclause 82 seeks to insert a new section 199a in the act to provide for liability of guardian or owner of vehicle, as the case might be, for any offence under this act committed by a juvenileclause 83 seeks to amend section 200 of the act to provide for the composition of certain offences under the act including provision of community service as a condition for composition of an offenceclause 84 seeks to amend section 201 of the act to enhance the penalties for causing obstruction to free flow of trafficclause 85 seeks to amend section 206 of the act to empower police officers to impound the driving licence of a person accused of certain offences such as driving dangerously (section 184), etc  and forwarding the same for disqualification proceedings under section 19 of the actclause 86 seeks to insert new provision, viz, sections 210a and 210b in the actsection 210a empowers the state governments to apply different multipliers to different fines and such multiplies may be different for different classes of motor vehiclessection 210b provides for the imposition of twice the fine otherwise provided in the act whenever an offence is committed by any person entrusted with the enforcement of the actclause 87 seeks to insert a new section 211a in the act to provide that all documents, forms and applications under this act may be filed in an electronic format to be prescribed by the central or state governments, as may be applicableclause 88 seeks to amend section 212 of the act to provide for the placing in the state legislature of notifications made under section 210a for legislative approvalclause 89 seeks to insert new provisions, viz, sections 215a, 215b and 215c in the act section 215a enables the central and state governments to delegate any power or function to any person or group and authorise such person or group to discharge any of the powers, functions, or duties conferred under the act section 215b enumerates the rule making powers granted to the central government under this chapter section 215c enumerates the rule making powers granted to the state government under this chapter financial memorandumclause 49 of the motor vehicles (amendment) bill, 2016 seeks to insert a new section164b in the act which provides for the establishment of the motor vehicle accident fund regarding compulsory insurance of all road users for the purposes of emergency medical treatment for victims of road accidents the fund may also be utilised for the purposes of providing compensation to the victims of road accidents and their families2 the expenditure from the fund may be met from the consolidated fund of india through the budgetary provision under the ministry of road transport and highways and other sources such as a tax or cess or otherwise as may be prescribed by the central government3 the quantum of funds required will depend on the detailed structure and activities undertaken through the motor vehicle accident fund and the limits of compensation shall be such as may be prescribed by the central government hence, the financial implications cannot be quantified now4 the bill does not involve any other expenditure of recurring or non-recurring nature from the consolidated fund of india memorandum  regarding  delegated  legislationclause 14 of the bill seeks to amend section 27 of the act empowering the central government to make rules under chapter ii of the act  the matters in respect of which the rules may be made, inter alia, include (a)the form and manner, including online issue, in which a licencing authority may issue a learner's licence; (b)the conditions for renewal of licence to drive transport vehicles carrying goods of a dangerous or hazardous nature;(c)the nature and syllabus of driver refresher training courses; and (d)the national register of driving licences2 clause 26 of the bill seeks to amend section 64 of the act empowering the central government to make rules under chapter iv of the act the matters in respect of which the rules may be made, inter alia, include (a)the period of validity of a certificate of registration;(b)the period of renewal of certificate of registration for different classes of vehicles; (c)the issue of a temporary certificate of registration and the form of the temporary registration mark; and (d)conditions for approval of alterations and retrofitment3 clause 36 of the bill seeks to amend section 96 of the act empowering the central government to make rules under chapter v of the act the matters in respect of which the rules may be made, inter alia, include (a)the framing of schemes for transport of goods and passengers by the state governments; and (b)to promote effective competition, passenger convenience and safety, competitive fares, and prevention of overcrowding4 clause 38 of the bill seeks to amend section 110 of the act empowering the central government to make rules under chapter vii of the act the matters in respect of which the rules may be made, inter alia, include (a)the framing of components including software components, and (b)investigation of non-compliance with the rules made under sub-section(1) of section 1105 clause 39 of the bill seeks to insert a new section 110a in the act empowering the central government to make rules under chapter vii of the act for grant of type approval certificate and for regulation of testing agencies under the said chapter6 clause 43 of the bill seeks to insert a new section 134a in the act empowering the central government to make rules for protection of good samaritans under chapter viii of the act7 clause 46 of the bill seeks to amend section 137 of the act empowering the central government to make rules under chapter viii of the act the matters in respect of which the rules may be made, inter alia, include (a)providing for standards of protective measures for children below four years of age riding on motorcycles; (b)criteria for cities where electronic monitoring and enforcement are to be implemented; and (c)providing for electronic monitoring and enforcement8 clause 47 of the bill seeks to amend section 138 of the act empowering the central government to make rules under chapter viii of the act for regulation of non-motorised traffic, ie vehicles propelled by muscular power of either humans or animals, and pedestrians in public places9 clause 49 of the bill proposes to empower the central government to make rules under the substituted chapter xi relating to insurance of motor vehicles against third party risks10clause 89 of the bill proposes to empower the central government to make rules for the purposes of carrying out the provisions of the proposed legislation the matters in respect of which the rules may be made have been enumerated in the proposed new sections 215b and 215c in the act annexure extracts from the motor vehicles act, 1988 (59 of 1988)                                                                                             definitions 2  in this act, unless the context otherwise requires,—(1) "area", in relation to any provision of this act, means such area as the state government may, having regard to the requirements of that provision, specify by notification in the official gazette;                                                                                              (18) "invalid carriage" means a motor vehicle specially designed and constructed, and not merely, adapted, for the use of a person suffering from some physical defect or disability, and used solely by or for such a person;                                                                                              (24) "medium passenger motor vehicle" means any public service vehicle or private service vehicle, or educational institution but other than a motor cycle, invalid carriage, light motor vehicle or heavy passenger motor vehicle;                                                                                              (26) "motor car" means any motor vehicle other than a transport vehicle, omnibus, road-roller, tractor, motor cycle or invalid carriage;                                                                                             grant of learner's licence 8 (1) any person who is not disqualified under section 4 for driving a motor vehicle and who is not for the time being disqualified for holding or obtaining a driving licence may, subject to the provisions of section 7, apply to the licensing authority having jurisdiction in the area—                                                                                             (2) every application under sub-section (1) shall be in such form and shall be accompanied by such documents and with such fee as may be prescribed by the central government(3) every application under sub-section (1) shall be accompanied by a medical certificate in such form as may be prescribed by the central government and signed by such registered medical practitioner, as the state government or any person authorised in this behalf by the state government may, by notification in the official gazette, appoint for this purpose:provided that no such medical certificate is required for licence to drive a vehicle other than a transport vehicle(4) if, from the application or from the medical certificate referred to in sub-section (3), it appears that the applicant is suffering from any disease or disability which is likely to cause the driving by him of a motor vehicle of the class which he would be authorised by the learner's licence applied for to drive to be a source of danger to the public or to the passengers, the licensing authority shall refuse to issue the learner's licence:provided that a learner's licence limited to driving an invalid carriage may be issued to the applicant, if the licensing authority is satisfied that he is fit to drive such a carriage(5) no learner's licence shall be issued to any applicant unless he passes to the satisfaction of the licensing authority such test as may be prescribed by the central government9 (1) any person who is not for the time being disqualified for holding or obtaining a driving licence may apply to the licensing authority having jurisdiction in the area—grant of driving licence (3) if the applicant passes such test as may be prescribed by the central government, he shall be issued the driving licence:provided that no such test shall be necessary where the applicant produces proof to show that—(a) (i) the applicant has previously held a driving licence to drive such class of vehicle and that the period between the data of expiry of that licence and the date of the application does not exceed five years, or(ii) the applicant holds or has previously held a driving licence to drive such class of vehicle issued under section 18, or(iii) the applicant holds a driving licence to drive such class of vehicle issued by a competent authority of any country outside india, subject to the condition that the applicant complies with the provisions of sub-section (3) of section 8,(b) the applicant is not suffering from any disability which is likely to cause the driving by him to be a source of danger to the public; and the licensing authority may, for that purpose, require the applicant to produce a medical certificate in the same form and in the same manner as is referred to in sub-section (3) of section 8:provided further that where the application is for a driving licence to drive a motor vehicle (not being a transport vehicle), the licensing authority may exempt the applicant from the test of competence to drive a vehicle prescribed under this sub-section, if the applicant possesses a driving certificate issued by any institution recognised in this behalf by the state government (4) where the application is for a licence to drive a transport vehicle, no such authorisation shall be granted to any applicant unless he possesses such minimum educational qualification as may be prescribed by the central government and a driving certificate issued by a school or establishment referred to in section 12 10 (1)                                                                                             form and contents of licenses to drive(2) a learner's licence or, as the case may be, driving licence shall also be expressed as entitling the holder to drive a motor vehicle of one or more of the following classes, namely:—(c) invalid carriage; additions to driving licenses11 (1) any person holding a driving licence to drive any class or description of motor vehicles, who is not for the time being disqualified for holding or obtaining a driving licence to drive any other class or description of motor vehicles, may apply to the licensing authority having jurisdiction in the area in which he resides or carries on his business in such form and accompanied by such documents and with such fees as may be prescribed by the central government for the addition of such other class or description of motor vehicles to the licence 14 (1)                                                                                             (2) a driving licence issued or renewed under this act shall,—currency of licenses to drive motor vehicles(a) in the case of a licence to drive a transport vehicle, be effective for a period of three years:provided that in the case of licence to drive a transport vehicle carrying goods of dangerous or hazardous nature be effective for a period of one year and renewal thereof shall be subject to the condition that the driver undergoes one day refresher course of the prescribed syllabus; and;(b) in the case of any other licence,—(i) if the person obtaining the licence, either originally or on renewal thereof, has not attained the age of fifty years on the date of issue or, as the case may be, renewal thereof,—(a) be effective for a period of twenty years from the date of such issue or renewal; or(b) until the date on which such person attains the age of fifty years, whichever is earlier;(ii) if the person referred to in sub-clause (i), has attained the age of fifty years on the date of issue or as the case may be renewal thereof, be effective, on payment of such fee as may be prescribed, for a period of five years from the date of such issue or renewal:provided that every driving licence shall, notwithstanding its expiry under this sub-section, continue to be effective for a period of thirty days from such expiry15 (1) any licensing authority may, on application made to it, renew a driving licence issued under the provisions of this act with effect from the date of its expiry:renewal of driving licensesprovided that in any case where the application for the renewal of a licence is made more than thirty days after the date of its expiry, the driving licence shall be renewed with effect from the date of its renewal:provided further that where the application is for the renewal of a licence to drive a transport vehicle or where in any other case the applicant has attained the age of forty years, the same shall be accompanied by a medical certificate in the same form and in the same manner as is referred to in sub-section (3) of section 8, and the provisions of sub-section (4) of section 8 shall, so far as may be, apply in relation to every such case as they apply in relation to a learner's licence                                                                                              (3) where an application for the renewal of a driving licence is made previous to, or not more than thirty days after the date of its expiry, the fee payable for such renewal shall be such as may be prescribed by the central government in this behalf (4) where an application for the renewal of a driving licence is made more than thirty days after the date of its expiry, the fee payable for such renewal shall be such amount as may be prescribed by the central government:provided that the fee referred to in sub-section (3) may be accepted by the licensing authority in respect of an application for the renewal of a driving licence made under this sub-section if it is satisfied that the applicant was prevented by good and sufficient cause from applying within the time specified in sub-section (3):provided further that if the application is made more than five years after the driving licence has ceased to be effective, the licensing authority may refuse to renew the driving licence, unless the applicant undergoes and passes to its satisfaction the test of competence to drive referred to in sub-section (3) of section 9    19 (1)     (2) where an order under sub-section (1) is made, the holder of a driving licence shall forthwith surrender his driving licence to the licensing authority making the order, if the driving licence has not already been surrendered, and the licensing authority shall,— power of licensing authority to disqualify from holding a driving licence or revoke such licencesprovided that where the driving licence of a person authorises him to drive more than one class or description of motor vehicles and the order, made under sub-section (1), disqualifies him from driving any specified class or description of motor vehicles, the licensing authority shall endorse the disqualification upon the driving licence and return the same to the holder  26 (1) each state government shall maintain, in such form as may be prescribed by the central government, a register to be known as the state register of driving licenses, in respect of driving licenses issued and renewed by the licensing authorities of the state government, containing the following particulars, namely:—maintenance of state registers of driving licences(a) names and addresses of holders of driving licenses;(b) licence numbers; (c) dates of issue or renewal of licenses;(d) dates of expiry of licenses; (e) classes and types of vehicles authorised to be driven; and (f) such other particulars as the central government may prescribe(2) each state government shall supply to the central government a printed copy or copy in such other form as the central government may require of the state register of driving licenses and shall inform the central government without delay of all additions to and other amendments in such register made from time to timeregistration, where to be made 40 subject to the provisions of section 42, section 43 and section 60, every owner of a motor vehicle shall cause the vehicle to be registered by a registering authority in whose jurisdiction he has the residence or place of business where the vehicle is normally kept41 (1)     registration, how to be made (3) the registering authority shall issue to the owner of a motor vehicle registered by it a certificate of registration in such form and containing such particulars and information and in such manner as may be prescribed by the central government (7) a certificate of registration issued under sub-section (3), whether before or after the commencement of this act, in respect of a motor vehicle, other than a transport vehicle, shall, subject to the provisions contained in this act, be valid only for a period of fifteen years from the date of issue of such certificate and shall be renewable (8) an application by or on behalf of the owner of a motor vehicle, other than a transport vehicle, for the renewal of a certificate of registration shall be made within such period and in such form, containing such particulars and information as may be prescribed by the central government      (10) subject to the provisions of section 56, the registering authority may, on receipt of an application under sub-section (8), renew the certificate of registration for a period of five years and intimate the fact to the original registering authority, if it is not the original registering authority (11) if the owner fails to make an application under sub-section (1), or, as the case may be, under sub-section (8) within the period prescribed, the registering authority may, having regard to the circumstances of the case, require the owner to pay, in lieu of any action that may be taken against him under section 177, such amount not exceeding one hundred rupees as may be prescribed under sub- section (13):provided that action under section 177 shall be taken against the owner where the owner fails to pay the said amount (12) where the owner has paid the amount under sub-section (11), no action shall be taken against him under section 177 (13) for the purposes of sub-section (11), the state government may prescribe different amounts having regard to the period of delay on the part of the owner in making an application under sub-section (1) or sub-section (8) temporary registration43 (1) notwithstanding anything contained in section 40 the owner of a motor vehicle may apply to any registering authority or other prescribed authority to have the vehicle temporarily registered in the prescribed manner and for the issue in the prescribed manner of a temporary certificate of registration and a temporary registration mark(2) a registration made under this section shall be valid only for a period not exceeding one month, and shall not be renewable:provided that where a motor vehicle so registered is a chassis to which a body has not been attached and the same is detained in a workshop beyond the said period of one month for being fitted with a body or any unforeseen circumstances beyond the control of the owner, the period may, on payment of such fees, if any, as may be prescribed, be extended by such further period or periods as the registering authority or other prescribed authority, as the case may be, may allow (3) in a case where the motor vehicle is held under hire-purchase agreement, lease or hypothecation, the registering authority or other prescribed authority shall issue a temporary certificate of registration of such vehicle, which shall incorporate legibly and prominently the full name and address of the person with whom such agreement has been entered into by the ownerproduction of vehicle at the time of registration44 the registering authority shall before proceeding to register a motor vehicle orrenew the certificate of registration in respect of a motor vehicle, other than a transport vehicle, require the person applying for registration of the vehicle or, as the case may be, for renewing the certificate of registration to produce the vehicle either before itself or such authority as the state government may by order appoint in order that the registering authority may satisfy itself that the particulars contained in the application are true and that the vehicle complies with the requirements of this act and of the rules made thereunderchange of residence or place of business49 (1) if the owner of a motor vehicle ceases to reside or have his place of business atthe address recorded in the certificate of registration of the vehicle, he shall, within thirty days of any such change of address, intimate in such form accompanied by such documents as may be prescribed by the central government, his new address, to the registering authority by which the certificate of registration was issued, or, if the new address is within the jurisdiction of another registering authority, to that other registering authority, and shall at the same time forward the certificate of registration to the registering authority or, as the casemay be, to the other registering authority in order that the new address may be entered therein(2) if the owner of a motor vehicle fails to intimate his new address to the concerned registering authority within the period specified in sub-section (1), the registering authority may, having regard to the circumstances of the case, require the owner to pay, in lieu of any action that may be taken against him under section 177 such amount not exceeding one hundred rupees as may be prescribed under sub-section (4):provided that action under section 177 shall be taken against the owner where he fails to pay the said amountalteration in motor vehicle 52 (1) no owner of a motor vehicle shall so alter the vehicle that the particulars contained in the certificate of registration are at variance with those originally specified by the manufacturer:provided that where the owner of a motor vehicle makes modification of the engine, or any part thereof, of a vehicle for facilitating its operation by different type of fuel or source of energy including battery, compressed natural gas, solar power, liquid petroleum gas or any other fuel or source of energy, by fitment of a conversion kit, such modification shall be carried out subject to such conditions as may be prescribed:provided further that the central government may prescribe specifications, conditions for approval, retrofitment and other related matters for such conversion kits:provided also that the central government may grant exemption for alteration of vehicles in a manner other than specified above, for any specific purpose(2) notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), a state government may, by notification in the official gazette, authorise, subject to such conditions as may be specified in the notification, and permit any person owning not less than ten transport vehicles to alter any vehicle owned by him so as to replace the engine thereof with engine of the same make and type, without the approval of registering authority(3) where any alteration has been made in motor vehicle without the approval of registering authority or by reason of replacement of its engine without such approval under sub-section (2), the owner of the vehicle shall, within fourteen days of the making of the alteration, report the alteration to the registering authority within whose jurisdiction he resides and shall forward the certificate of registration to that authority together with the prescribed fee in order that particulars of registration may be entered therein56 (1)    certificate of fitness of transport vehicles (2) the "authorised testing station" referred to in sub-section (1) means a vehicle service station or public or private garage which the state government, having regard to the experience, training and ability of the operator of such station or garage and the testing equipment and the testing personnel therein, may specify in accordance with the rules made by the central government for regulation and control of such stations or garages (4) the prescribed authority may for reasons to be recorded in writing cancel a certificate of fitness at any time, if satisfied that the vehicle to which it relates no longer complies with all the requirements of this act and the rules made thereunder; and on such cancellation the certificate of registration of the vehicle and any permit granted in respect of the vehicle under chapter v shall be deemed to be suspended until a new certificate of fitness has been obtained:provided that no such cancellation shall be made by the prescribed authority unless such prescribed authority holds such technical qualification as may be prescribed or where the prescribed authority does not hold such technical qualification on the basis of the report of an officer having such qualifications 63 (1) each state government shall maintain in such form as may be prescribed by the central government a register to be known as the state register of motor vehicle, in respect of the motor vehicles in that state, containing the following particulars, namely:—maintenance of state registers of motor vehicles(a) registration numbers; (b) years of manufacture; (c) classes and types; (d) names and addresses of registered owners; and (e) such other particulars as may be prescribed by the central government (2) each state government shall supply to the central government if so desired by it a printed copy of the state register of motor vehicles and shall also inform the central government without delay of all additions to and other amendments in such register made from time to time 67 (1) a state government, having regard to—(a) the advantages offered to the public, trade and industry by the development of motor transport,(b) the desirability of coordinating road and rail transport, power to state government to control road transport(c) the desirability of preventing the deterioration of the road system, and(d) the desirability of preventing uneconomic competition among holders of permits, may, from time to time, by notification in the official gazette, issue directions both to the state transport authority and regional transport authority—(i) regarding the fixing of fares and freights (including the maximum and minimum in respect thereof) for stage carriages, contract carriages and goods carriages;(ii) regarding the prohibition or restriction, subject to such conditions as may be specified in the directions, of the conveying of long distance goods traffic generally, or of specified classes of goods by goods carriages;(iii) regarding any other matter which may appear to the state government necessary or expedient for giving effect to any agreement entered into with the central government or any other state government or the government of any other country relating to the regulation of motor transport generally, and in particular to its coordination with other means of transport and the conveying of long distance goods traffic:provided that no such notification in respect of the matters referred to in clause (ii) or clause (iii) shall be issued unless a draft of the proposed directions is published in the official gazette specifying therein a date being not less than one month after such publication, on or after which the draft will be taken into consideration and any objection or suggestion which may be received has, in consultation with the state transport authority, been considered after giving the representatives of the interests affected an opportunity of being heardvoidance of contracts restrictive of liability92 any contract for the conveyance of a passenger in a stage carriage or contract carriage, in respect of which a permit has been issued under this chapter, shall, so far as it purports to negative or restrict the liability of any person in respect of any claim made against that person in respect of the death of, or bodily injury to, the passenger while being carried in, entering or alighting from the vehicle, or purports to impose any conditions with respect to the enforcement of any such liability, be void93 (1)    |             ||--------------|| agent or     || canvasser to || obtain       || licence     || power to     || have         || vehicle      || weighed     |114 (1) any officer of the motor vehicles department authorised in this behalf by the state government shall, if he has reason to believe that a goods vehicle or trailor is being used in contravention of section 113 require the driver to convey the vehicle to a weighing device, if any, within a distance of ten kilometres from any point on the forward route or within a distance of twenty kilometres from the destination of the vehicle for weighment; and if on such weighment the vehicle is found to contravene in any respect the provisions of section 113 regarding weight, he may, by order in writing, direct the driver to off-load the excess weight at his own risk and not to remove the vehicle or trailer from that place until the laden weight has been reduced or the vehicle or trailer has otherwise been dealt with so that it complies with section 113 and on receipt of such notice, the driver shall comply with such directionswearing of protective headgear129 every person driving or riding (otherwise than in a side car, on a motor cycle of any class or description) shall, while in a public place, wear protective headgear conforming to the standards of bureau of indian standards:provided that the provisions of this section shall not apply to a person who is a sikh, if he is, while driving or riding on the motor cycle, in a public place, wearing a turban:provided further that the state government may, by such rules, provide for such exceptions as it may think fitexplanation—"protective headgear" means a helmet which,—(a) by virtue of its shape, material and construction, could reasonably be expected to afford to the person driving or riding on a motor cycle a degree of protection from injury in the event of an accident; and(b) is securely fastened to the head of the wearer by means of straps or other fastenings provided on the headgear  135  (1) the state government may, by notification in the official gazette, make one or more schemes to provide for—(a) an in depth study on causes and analysis of motor vehicle accidents; (b) wayside amenities on highways; (c) traffic aid posts on highways; and(d) truck parking complexes along highwaysschemes to be framed for the investigation of accident cases and wayside amenities, etc chapter x liability without fault in certain cases140  (1) where death or permanent disablement of any person has resulted from an accident arising out of the use of a motor vehicle or motor vehicles, the owner of the vehicle shall, or, as the case may be, the owners of the vehicles shall, jointly and severally, be liable to pay compensation in respect of such death or disablement in accordance with the provisions of this sectionliability to pay compensation in certain cases on the principle of no fault(2) the amount of compensation which shall be payable under sub-section (1) in respect of the death of any person shall be a fixed sum of fifty thousand rupees and the amount of compensation payable under that sub-section in respect of the permanent disablement of any person shall be a fixed sum of twenty-five thousand rupees(3) in any claim for compensation under sub-section (1), the claimant shall not be required to plead and establish that the death or permanent disablement in respect of which the claim has been made was due to any wrongful act, neglect or default of the owner or owners of the vehicle or vehicles concerned or of any other person(4) a claim for compensation under sub-section (1) shall not be defeated by reason of any wrongful act, neglect or default of the person in respect of whose death or permanent disablement the claim has been made nor shall the quantum of compensation recoverable in respect of such death or permanent disablement be reduced on the basis of the share of such person in the responsibility for such death or permanent disablement(5) notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (2) regarding death or bodily injury to any person, for which the owner of the vehicle is liable to give compensation for relief, he is also liable to pay compensation under any other law for the time being in force:provided that the amount of such compensation to be given under any other law shall be reduced from the amount of compensation payable under this section or under section 163a141 (1) the right to claim compensation under section 140 in respect of death or permanent disablement of any person shall be in addition to any other right, except the right to claim under the scheme referred to in section 163a (such other right hereafter in this section referred to as the right on the principle of fault) to claim compensation in respect thereof under any other provision of this act or of any other law for the time being in forceprovisions as to other right to claim compensation for death or permanent disablement(2) a claim for compensation under section 140 in respect of death or permanent disablement of any person shall be disposed of as expeditiously as possible and where compensation is claimed in respect of such death or permanent disablement under section 140 and also in pursuance of any right on the principle of fault, the claim for compensation under section 140 shall be disposed of as aforesaid in the first place(3) notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), where in respect of the death or permanent disablement of any person, the person liable to pay compensation under section 140 is also liable to pay compensation in accordance with the right on the principle of fault, the person so liable shall pay the first-mentioned compensation and—(a) if the amount of the first-mentioned compensation is less than the amount of the second-mentioned compensation, he shall be liable to pay (in addition to the firstmentioned compensation) only so much of the second-mentioned compensation as is equal to the amount by which it exceeds the first-mentioned compensation;(b) if the amount of the first-mentioned compensation is equal to or more than the amount of the second-mentioned compensation, he shall not be liable to pay the second-mentioned compensationpermanent disablement142 for the purposes of this chapter, permanent disablement of a person shall be deemed to have resulted from an accident of the nature referred to in sub-section (1) of section 140 if such person has suffered by reason of the accident, any injury or injuries involving—(a) permanent privation of the sight of either eye or the hearing of either ear, or privation of any member or joint; or(b) destruction or permanent impairing of the powers of any member or joint; or (c) permanent disfiguration of the head or faceapplicability of chapter to certain claims under act, 8 of 1923143 the provisions of this chapter shall also apply in relation to any claim for compensation in respect of death or permanent disablement of any person under the workmen's compensation act, 1923 resulting from an accident of the nature referred to in sub-section (1) of section 140 and for this purpose, the said provisions shall, with necessary modifications, be deemed to form part of that actoverriding effect144 the provisions of this chapter shall have effect notwithstanding anything contained in any other provision of this act or of any other law for the time being in force chapter xi insurance of motor vehicles against third party risksdefinitions145  in this chapter,—57 of 1972(a) "authorised insurer" means an insurer for the time being carrying on generalinsurance business in india under the general insurance business (nationalisation) act, 1972,  and any government insurance fund authorised to do general insurance business under that act;(b) "certificate of insurance" means a certificate issued by an authorised insurerin pursuance of sub-section (3) of section 147 and includes a cover note complyingwith such requirements as may be prescribed, and where more than one certificate has been issued in connection with a policy, or where a copy of a certificate has been issued, all those certificates or that copy, as the case may be;(c) "liability", wherever used in relation to the death of or bodily injury to anyperson, includes liability in respect thereof under section 140;(d) "policy of insurance" includes "certificate of insurance"; (e) "property" includes goods carried in the motor vehicle, roads, bridges, culverts, causeways, trees, posts and milestones;(f) "reciprocating country" means any such country as may on the basis of reciprocity be notified by the central government in the official gazette to be a reciprocating country for the purposes of this chapter;(g) "third party" includes the governmentnecessity for insurance against third party risk146 (1) no person shall use, except as a passenger, or cause or allow any other person to use, a motor vehicle in a public place, unless there is in force in relation to the use of the vehicle by that person or that other person, as the case may be, a policy of insurance complying with the requirements of this chapter:6 of 1991provided that in the case of a vehicle carrying, or meant to carry, dangerous or hazardousgoods, there shall also be a policy of insurance under the public liability insurance act, 1991explanation—a person driving a motor vehicle merely as a paid employee, while there is in force in relation to the use of the vehicle no such policy as is required by this subsection, shall not be deemed to act in contravention of sub-section unless he knows or has reason to believe that there is no such policy in force(2) sub-section (1) shall not apply to any vehicle owned by the central government or a state government and used for government purposes unconnected with any commercial enterprise(3) the appropriate government may, by order, exempt from the operation of sub-section (1) any vehicle owned by any of the following authorities, namely:—(a) the central government or a state government, if the vehicle is used for government purposes connected with any commercial enterprise;(b) any local authority; (c) any state transport undertaking:provided that no such order shall be made in relation to any such authority unless a fund has been established and is maintained by that authority in accordance with the rules made in that behalf under this act for meeting any liability arising out of the use of any vehicle of that authority which that authority or any person in its employment may incur to third partiesexplanation—for the purposes of this sub-section, "appropriate government" means the central government or a state government, as the case may be, and—(i) in relation to any corporation or company owned by the central government or any state government, means the central government or that state government;(ii) in relation to any corporation or company owned by the central government and one or more state governments, means the central government;(iii) in relation to any other state transport undertaking or any local authority, means that government which has control over that undertaking or authority147  (1) in order to comply with the requirements of this chapter, a policy of insurance must be a policy which—requirements of policies and limits of liability(a) is issued by a person who is an authorised insurer; and (b) insures the person or classes of persons specified in the policy to the extent specified in sub-section (2)—(i) against any liability which may be incurred by him in respect of the death of or bodily injury to any person, including owner of the goods or his authorised representative carried in the vehicle or damage to any property of a third party caused by or arising out of the use of the vehicle in a public place;(ii) against the death of or bodily injury to any passenger of a public service vehicle caused by or arising out of the use of the vehicle in a public place: provided that a policy shall not be required—8 of 1923(i) to cover liability in respect of the death, arising out of and in the course of his employment, of the employee of a person insured by the policy or in respect of bodily injury sustained by such an employee arising out of and in the course of his employment other than a liability arising under the workmen's compensation act, 1923, in respect of the death of, or bodily injury to, any such employee—(a) engaged in driving the vehicle, or (b) if it is a public service vehicle engaged as a conductor of the vehicle or in examining tickets on the vehicle, or(c) if it is a goods carriage, being carried in the vehicle, or(ii) to cover any contractual liabilityexplanation—for the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that the death of or bodily injury to any person or damage to any property of a third party shall be deemed to have been caused by or to have arisen out of, the use of a vehicle in a public place notwithstanding that the person who is dead or injured or the property which is damaged was not in a public place at the time of the accident, if the act or omission which led to the accident occurred in a public place(2) subject to the proviso to sub-section (1), a policy of insurance referred to in sub-section (1), shall cover any liability incurred in respect of any accident, up to the following limits, namely:—(a) save as provided in clause (b), the amount of liability incurred;(b) in respect of damage to any property of a third party, a limit of rupees sixthousand:provided that any policy of insurance issued with any limited liability and in force, immediately before the commencement of this act, shall continue to be effective for a period of four months after such commencement or till the date of expiry of such policy whichever is earlier(3) a policy shall be of no effect for the purposes of this chapter unless and until there is issued by the insurer in favour of the person by whom the policy is effected a certificate of insurance in the prescribed form and containing the prescribed particulars of any condition subject to which the policy is issued and of any other prescribed matters; and different forms, particulars and matters may be prescribed in different cases(4) where a cover note issued by the insurer under the provisions of this chapter or the rules made thereunder is not followed by a policy of insurance within the prescribed time, the insurer shall, within seven days of the expiry of the period of the validity of the cover note, notify the fact to the registering authority in whose records the vehicle to which the cover note relates has been registered or to such other authority as the state government may prescribe(5) notwithstanding anything contained in any law for the time being in force, an insurer issuing a policy of insurance under this section shall be liable to indemnify the person or classes of persons specified in the policy in respect of any liability which the policy purports to cover in the case of that person or those classes of personsvalidity of policies of insurance issued in reciprocating countries148 where, in pursuance of an arrangement between india and any reciprocating country, any motor vehicle registered in the reciprocating country operates on any route or within any area common to the two countries and there is in force in relation to the use of the vehicle in the reciprocating country, a policy of insurance complying with the requirements of the law of insurance in force in that country, then, notwithstanding anything contained in section 147 but subject to any rules which may be made under section 164, such policy of insurance shall be effective throughout the route or area in respect of which, the arrangement has been made, as if the policy of insurance had complied with the requirements of this chapterduty of insurers to satisfy judgments and awards against persons insured in respect of third party risks149 (1) if, after a certificate of insurance has been issued under sub-section (3) of section 147 in favour of the person by whom a policy has been effected, judgment or award in respect of any such liability as is required to be covered by a policy under clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 147 (being a liability covered by the terms of the policy) or under the provisions of section 163a is obtained against any person insured by the policy, then, notwithstanding that the insurer may be entitled to avoid or cancel or may have avoided or cancelled the policy, the insurer shall, subject to the provisions of this section, pay to the person entitled to the benefit of the decree any sum not exceeding the sum assured payable thereunder, as if he were the judgment debtor, in respect of the liability, together with any amount payable in respect of costs and any sum payable in respect of interest on that sum by virtue of any enactment relating to interest on judgments(2) no sum shall be payable by an insurer under sub-section (1) in respect of any judgment or award unless, before the commencement of the proceedings in which the judgment or award is given the insurer had notice through the court or, as the case may be, the claims tribunal of the bringing of the proceedings, or in respect of such judgment or award so long as execution is stayed thereon pending an appeal; and an insurer to whom notice of the bringing of any such proceedings is so given shall be entitled to be made a party thereto and to defend the action on any of the following grounds, namely:—(a) that there has been a breach of a specified condition of the policy, being one of the following conditions, namely:—(i) a condition excluding the use of the vehicle—(a) for hire or reward, where the vehicle is on the date of the contract of insurance a vehicle not covered by a permit to ply for hire or reward, or(b) for organised racing and speed testing, or (c) for a purpose not allowed by the permit under which the vehicle is used, where the vehicle is a transport vehicle, or(d) without side-car being attached where the vehicle is a motor cycle; or (ii) a condition excluding driving by a named person or persons or by any person who is not duly licensed, or by any person who has been disqualified for holding or obtaining a driving licence during the period of disqualification; or(iii) a condition excluding liability for injury caused or contributed to by conditions of war, civil war, riot or civil commotion; or (b) that the policy is void on the ground that it was obtained by the nondisclosure of a material fact or by a representation of fact which was false in some material particular 5 of 19084 of 1938(3) where any such judgment as is referred to in sub-section (1) is obtained from a court in a reciprocating country and in the case of a foreign judgment is, by virtue of the provisions of section 13 of the code of civil procedure, 1908 conclusive as to any matter adjudicated upon by it, the insurer (being an insurer registered under the insurance act, 1938 and whether or not he is registered under the corresponding law of the reciprocating country) shall be liable to the person entitled to the benefit of the decree in the manner and to the extent specified in sub-section (1), as if the judgment were given by a court in india:provided that no sum shall be payable by the insurer in respect of any such judgment unless, before the commencement of the proceedings in which the judgment is given, the insurer had notice through the court concerned of the bringing of the proceedings and the insurer to whom notice is so given is entitled under the corresponding law of the reciprocating country, to be made a party to the proceedings and to defend the action on grounds similar to those specified in sub-section (2)(4) where a certificate of insurance has been issued under sub-section (3) of section147 to the person by whom a policy has been effected, so much of the policy as purports to restrict the insurance of the persons insured thereby, by reference to any conditions other than those in clause (b) of sub-section (2) shall, as respects such liabilities as are required to be covered by a policy under clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 147, be of no effect:provided that any sum paid by the insurer in or towards the discharge of any liability of any person which is covered by the policy by virtue only of this sub-section shall be recoverable by the insurer from that person(5) if the amount which an insurer becomes liable under this section to pay in respect of a liability incurred by a person insured by a policy exceeds the amount for which the insurer would apart from the provisions of this section be liable under the policy in respect of that liability, the insurer shall be entitled to recover the excess from that person(6) in this section the expressions "material fact" and "material particular" mean, respectively a fact or particular of such a nature as to influence the judgment of a prudent insurer in determining whether he will take the risk and, if so at what premium and on what conditions and the expression "liability covered by the terms of the policy" means a liability which is covered by the policy or which would be so covered but for the fact that the insurer is entitled to avoid or cancel or has avoided or cancelled the policy(7) no insurer to whom the notice referred to in sub-section (2) or sub-section (3) has been given shall be entitled to avoid his liability to any person entitled to the benefit of any such judgment or award as is referred to in sub-section (1) or in such judgment as is referred to in sub-section (3) otherwise than in the manner provided for in sub-section (2) or in the corresponding law of the reciprocating country, as the case may beexplanation—for the purpose of this section, "claims tribunal" means a claims tribunal constituted under section 165 and "award" means an award made by that tribunal under section 168150 (1) where under any contract of insurance effected in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, a person is insured against liabilities which he may incur to third parties, then—rights of third parties against insurers on insolvency of the insured(a) in the event of the person becoming insolvent or making a composition or arrangement with his creditors, or(b) where the insured person is a company, in the event of a winding up order being made or a resolution for a voluntary winding up being passed with respect to the company or of a receiver or manager of the company's business or undertaking being duly appointed, or of possession being taken by or on behalf of the holders of any debentures secured by a floating charge of any property comprised in or subject to the charge, if, either before or after that event, any such liability is incurred by the insured person, his rights against the insurer under the contract in respect of the liability shall, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any provision of law, be transferred to and vest in the third party to whom the liability was so incurred(2) where an order for the administration of the estate of a deceased debtor is made according to the law of insolvency, then, if any debt provable in insolvency is owing by the deceased in respect of a liability to a third party against which he was insured under a contract of insurance in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, the deceased debtor's rights against the insurer in respect of that liability shall, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any provision of law, be transferred to and vest in the person to whom the debt is owing(3) any condition in a policy issued for the purposes of this chapter purporting either directly or indirectly to avoid the policy or to alter the rights of the parties thereunder upon the happening to the insured person of any of the events specified in clause (a) or clause (b)of sub-section (1) or upon the making of an order for the administration of the estate of a deceased debtor according to the law of insolvency shall be of no effect(4) upon a transfer under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), the insurer shall be under the same liability to the third party as he would have been to the insured person, but—(a) if the liability of the insurer to the insured person exceeds the liability of the insured person to the third party, nothing in this chapter shall affect the rights of the insured person against the insurer in respect of the excess, and(b) if the liability of the insurer to the insured person is less than the liability of the insured person to the third party, nothing in this chapter shall affect the rights of the third party against the insured person in respect of the balanceduty to give information as to insurance151 (1) no person against whom a claim is made in respect of any liability referred to in clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 147 shall on demand by or on behalf of the person making the claim refuse to state whether or not he was insured in respect of that liability by any policy issued under the provisions of this chapter, or would have been so insured if the insurer had not avoided or cancelled the policy, nor shall he refuse, if he was or would have been so insured, to give such particulars with respect to that policy as were specified in the certificate of insurance issued in respect thereof(2) in the event of any person becoming insolvent or making a composition or arrangement with his creditors or in the event of an order being made for the administration of the estate of a deceased person according to the law of insolvency, or in the event of a winding up order being made or a resolution for a voluntary winding up being passed with respect to any company or of a receiver or manager of the company's business or undertaking being duly appointed or of possession being taken by or on behalf of the holders of any debentures secured by a floating charge on any property comprised in or subject to the charge, it shall be the duty of the insolvent debtor, personal representative of the deceased debtor or company, as the case may be, or the official assignee or receiver in insolvency, trustee, liquidator, receiver or manager, or person in possession of the property to give at the request of any person claiming that the insolvent debtor, deceased debtor or company is under such liability to him as is covered by the provisions of this chapter, such information as may reasonably be required by him for the purpose of ascertaining whether any rights have been transferred to and vested in him by section 150, and for the purpose of enforcing such rights, if any; and any such contract of insurance as purports whether directly or indirectly to avoid the contract or to alter the rights of the parties thereunder upon the giving of such information in the events aforesaid, or otherwise to prohibit or prevent the giving thereof in the said events, shall be of no effect(3) if, from the information given to any person in pursuance of sub-section (2) or otherwise, he has reasonable ground for supporting that there have or may have been transferred to him under this chapter rights against any particular insurer, that insurer shall be subject to the same duty as is imposed by the said sub-section on the persons therein mentioned(4) the duty to give the information imposed by this section shall include a duty to allow all contracts of insurance, receipts for premiums, and other relevant documents in the possession or power of the person on whom the duty is so imposed to be inspected and copies thereof to be taken152 (1) no settlement made by an insurer in respect of any claim which might be made by a third party in respect of any liability of the nature referred to in clause (b) of sub-section (1)of section 147 shall be valid unless such third party is a party to the settlementsettlement between insurers and insured persons(2) where a person who is insured under a policy issued for the purposes of this chapter has become insolvent, or where, if such insured person is a company, a winding up order has been made or a resolution for a voluntary winding up has been passed with respect to the company, no agreement made between the insurer and the insured person after the liability has been incurred to a third party and after the commencement of the insolvency or winding up, as the case may be, nor any waiver, assignment or other disposition made by or payment made to the insured person after the commencement aforesaid shall be effective to defeat the rights transferred to the third party under this chapter, but those rights shall be the same as if no such agreement, waiver, assignment or disposition or payment has been madesaving in respect of sections 150, 151 and 152153 (1) for the purposes of sections 150, 151 and 152 a reference to "liabilities to third parties" in relation to a person insured under any policy of insurance shall not include a reference to any liability of that person in the capacity of insurer under some other policy of insurance(2) the provisions of sections 150, 151 and 152 shall not apply where a company is wound up voluntarily merely for the purposes of reconstruction or of an amalgamation with another companyinsolvency of insured persons not to affect liability of insured or claims by third parties154 where a certificate of insurance has been issued to the person by whom a policy has been effected, the happening in relation to any person insured by the policy of any such event as is mentioned in sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) of section 150 shall, notwithstanding anything contained in this chapter, not affect any liability of that person of the nature referred to in clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 147; but nothing in this section shall affect any rights against the insurer conferred under the provisions of sections 150, 151 and 152 on the person to whom the liability was incurred39 of 1925effect of death on certain causes of action155 notwithstanding anything contained in section 306 of the indian successionact, 1925, the death of a person in whose favour a certificate of insurance had been issued, if it occurs after the happening of an event which has given rise to a claim under the provisions of this chapter, shall not be a bar to the survival of any cause of action arising out of the said event against his estate or against the insurer156 when an insurer has issued a certificate of insurance in respect of a contract of insurance between the insurer and the insured person, then—| effect         ||----------------|| certificate of || insurance     |(a) if and so long as the policy described in the certificate has not been issued by the insurer to the insured, the insurer shall, as between himself and any other person except the insured, be deemed to have issued to the insured to the insured person a policy of insurance conforming in all respects with the description and particulars stated in such certificate; and(b) if the insurer has issued to the insured the policy described in the certificate, but the actual terms of the policy are less favourable to persons claiming under or by virtue of the policy against the insurer either directly or through the insured than the particulars of the policy as stated in the certificate, the policy shall, as between the insurer and any other person except the insured, be deemed to be in terms conforming in all respects with the particulars stated in the said certificate| transfer       ||----------------|| certificate of || insurance     |157 (1) where a person in whose favour the certificate of insurance has been issued in accordance with the provisions of this chapter transfers to another person the ownership of the motor vehicle in respect of which such insurance was taken together with the policy of insurance relating thereto, the certificate of insurance and the policy described in the certificate shall be deemed to have been transferred in favour of the person to whom the motor vehicle is transferred with effect from the date of its transferexplanation—for the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that such deemed transfer shall include transfer of rights and liabilities of the said certificate of insurance and policy of insurance(2) the transferee shall apply within fourteen days from the date of transfer in the prescribed form to the insurer for making necessary changes in regard to the fact of transfer in the certificate of insurance 81 and the policy described in the certificate in his favour and the insurer shall make the necessary changes in the certificate and the policy of insurance in regard to the transfer of insurance158 (1) any person driving a motor vehicle in any public place shall, on being so required by a police officer in uniform authorised in this behalf by the state government, produce—(a) the certificate of insurance;production of certain certificates, licence and permit in certain cases(b) the certificate of registration; (c) the driving licence; and(d) in the case of a transport vehicle, also the certificate of fitness referred to in section 56 and the permit, relating to the use of the vehicle (2) if, where owing to the presence of a motor vehicle in a public place an accident occurs involving death or bodily injury to another person, the driver of the vehicle does not at the time produce the certificates, driving licence and permit referred to in sub-section (1)to a police officer, he shall produce the said certificates, licence and permit at the police station at which he makes the report required by section 134(3) no person shall be liable to conviction under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) by reason only of the failure to produce the certificate of insurance if, within seven days from the date on which its production was required under sub-section (1), or as the case may be, from the date of occurrence of the accident, he produces the certificate at such police station as may have been specified by him to the police officer who required its production or, as the case may be, to the police officer at the site of the accident or to the officer in charge of the police station at which he reported the accident:provided that except to such extent and with such modifications as may be prescribed, the provisions of this sub-section shall not apply to the driver of a transport vehicle(4) the owner of a motor vehicle shall give such information as he may be required by or on behalf of a police officer empowered in this behalf by the state government to give for the purpose of determining whether the vehicle was or was not being driven in contravention of section 146 and on any occasion when the driver was required under this section to produce his certificate of insurance(5) in this section, the expression "produce his certificate of insurance" means produce for examination the relevant certificate of insurance or such other evidence as may be prescribed that the vehicle was not being driven in contravention of section 146(6) as soon as any information regarding any accident involving death or bodily injury to any person is recorded or report under this section is completed by a police officer, the officer incharge of the police station shall forward a copy of the same within thirty days from the date of recording of information or, as the case may be, on completion of such report to the claims tribunal having jurisdiction and a copy thereof to the concerned insurer, and where a copy is made available to the owner, he shall also within thirty days of receipt of such report, forward the same to such claims tribunal and insurer159 a state government may make rules requiring the owner of any motor vehicle when applying whether by payment of a tax or otherwise for authority to use the vehicle in a public place to produce such evidence as may be prescribed by those rules to the effect that either—production of certificate of insurance on application for authority touse vehicle(a) on the date when the authority to use the vehicle comes into operation there will be in force the necessary policy of insurance in relation to the use of the vehicle by the applicant or by other persons on his order or with his permission, or(b) the vehicle is a vehicle to which section 146 does not applyduty to furnish particulars of vehicle involved in accident160 a registering authority or the officer in charge of a police station shall, if so required by a person who alleges that he is entitled to claim compensation in respect of an accident arising out of the use of a motor vehicle, or if so required by an insurer against whom a claim has been made in respect of any motor vehicle, furnish to that person or to that insurer, as the case may be, on payment of the prescribed fee any information at the disposal of the said authority or the said authority or the said police officer relating to the identification marks and other particulars of the vehicle and the name and address of the person who was using the vehicle at the time of the accident or was injured by it and the property, if any damaged in such form and within such time as the central government may prescribe161  (1) for the purposes of this section, section 162 and section 163—45 of 1860(a) "grievous hurt" shall have the same meaning as in the indian penal code;special provisions as t o compensation in case of hit and run motor accident(b) "hit and run motor accident" means an accident arising out of the use of a motor vehicle or motor vehicles the identity whereof cannot be ascertained in spite of reasonable efforts for the purpose;(c) "scheme" means the scheme framed under section 16357 of 1972(2) notwithstanding anything contained in the general insurance business(nationalisation) act, 1972 or any other law for the time being in force or any instrument having the force of law, the general insurance corporation of india formed under section 9 of the said act and the insurance companies for the time being carrying on general insurance business in india shall provide for paying in accordance with the provisions of this act and the scheme, compensation in respect of the death of, or grievous hurt to, persons resulting from hit and run motor accidents(3) subject to the provisions of this act and the scheme, there shall be paid as compensation—(a) in respect of the death of any person resulting from a hit and run motoraccident, a fixed sum of twenty-five thousand rupees;(b) in respect of grievous hurt to any person resulting from a hit and run motoraccident, a fixed sum of twelve thousand and five hundred rupees(4) the provisions of sub-section (1) of section 166 shall apply for the purpose of making applications for compensation under this section as they apply for the purpose of making applications for compensation referred to in that sub-sectionrefund in certain cases of compensation paid under section 161162 (1) the payment of compensation in respect of the death of, or grievous hurt to, any person under section 161 shall be subject to the condition that if any compensation (hereafter in this sub-section referred to as the other compensation) or other amount in lieu of or by way of satisfaction of a claim for compensation is awarded or paid in respect of such death or grievous hurt under any other provision of this act or any other law or otherwise so much of the other compensation or other amount aforesaid as is equal to the compensation paid under section 161 shall be refunded to the insurer(2) before awarding compensation in respect of an accident involving the death of, or bodily injury to, any person arising out of the use of a motor vehicle or motor vehicles under any provision of this act (other than section 161) or any other law, the tribunal, court or other authority awarding such compensation shall verify as to whether in respect of such death or bodily injury compensation has already been paid under section 161 or an application for payment of compensation is pending under that section, and such tribunal, court or other authority shall,—(a) if compensation has already been paid under section 161, direct the person liable to pay the compensation awarded by it to refund to the insurer, so much thereof as is required to be refunded in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (1);(b) if an application for payment of compensation is pending under section 161forward the particulars as to the compensation awarded by it to the insurerexplanation—for the purposes of this sub-section, an application for compensation under section 161 shall be deemed to be pending—(i) if such application has been rejected, till the date of the rejection of the application, and(ii) in any other case, till the date of payment of compensation in pursuance of the applicationscheme for payment of compensation in case of hit and run motor accidents163 (1) the central government may, by notification in the official gazette, make a scheme specifying, the manner in which the scheme shall be administered by the general insurance corporation, the form, manner and the time within which applications for compensation may be made, the officers or authorities to whom such applications may be made, the procedure to be followed by such officers or authorities for considering and passing orders on such applications, and all other matters connected with, or incidental to, the administration of the scheme and the payment of compensation(2) a scheme made under sub-section (1) may provide that—(a) a contravention of any provision thereof shall be punishable with imprisonment for such term as may be specified but in no case exceeding three months, or with fine which may extend to such amount as may be specified but in no case exceeding five hundred rupees or with both;(b) the powers, functions or duties conferred or imposed on any officer or authority by such scheme may be delegated with the prior approval in writing of the central government, by such officer or authority to any other officer or authority;4 of 1939(c) any provision of such scheme may operate with retrospective effect from a date not earlier than the date of establishment of the solatium fund under the motor vehicles act, 1939, as it stood immediately before the commencement of this act:provided that no such retrospective effect shall be given so as to prejudicially affect the interests of any person who may be governed by such provision163a  (1) notwithstanding anything contained in this act or in any other law for the time being in force or instrument having the force of law, the owner of the motor vehicle of the authorised insurer shall be liable to pay in the case of death or permanent disablement due to accident arising out of the use of motor vehicle, compensation, as indicated in the second schedule, to the legal heirs or the victim, as the case may bespecial provisions as to payment of compensation on structured formula basis8 of 1923explanation—for the purposes of this sub-section, "permanent disability" shall have the same meaning and extent as in the workmen's compensation act, 1923(2) in any claim for compensation under sub-section (1), the claimant shall not be required to plead or establish that the death or permanent disablement in respect of which the claim has been made was due to any wrongful act or neglect or default of the owner of the vehicle or vehicles concerned or of any other person(3) the central government may, keeping in view the cost of living by notification in the official gazette, from time to time amend the second schedule163b where a person is entitled to claim compensation under section 140 and section163a, he shall file the claim under either of the said sections and not under bothoption to file claim in certain cases164 (1) the central government may make rules for the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions of this chapter, other than the matters specified in section 159power of central government to make rules(2) without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may provide for—(a) the forms to be used for the purposes of this chapter; (b) the making of applications for and the issue of certificates of insurance; (c) the issue of duplicates to replace certificates of insurance lost, destroyed or mutilated;(d) the custody, production, cancellation and surrender of certificates of insurance;(e) the records to be maintained by insurers of policies of insurance issued under this chapter;(f) the identification by certificates or otherwise of persons or vehicles exempted from the provisions of this chapter;(g) the furnishing of information respecting policies of insurance by insurers; (h) adopting the provisions of this chapter to vehicles brought into india by persons making only a temporary stay therein or to vehicles registered in a reciprocating country and operating on any route or within any area in india by applying those provisions with prescribed modifications;(i) the form in which and the time limit within which the particulars referred to in section 160 may be furnished; and(j) any other matter which is to be, or may be, prescribed chapter xii claims tribunalsclaims tribunals 165 (1) a state government may, by notification in the official gazette, constitute one or more motor accidents claims tribunals (hereafter in this chapter referred to as claims tribunal) for such area as may be specified in the notification for the purpose of adjudicating upon claims for compensation in respect of accidents involving the death of, or bodily injury to, persons arising out of the use of motor vehicles, or damages to any property of a third party so arising, or bothexplanation—for the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that the expression"claims for compensation in respect of accidents involving the death of or bodily injury to persons arising out of the use of motor vehicles" includes claims for compensation under section 140 and section 163a166 (1)     application for compensation (2) every application under sub-section (1) shall be made, at the option of the claimant, either to the claims tribunal having jurisdiction over the area in which the accident occurred or to the claims tribunal within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the claimant resides or carries on business or within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the defendant resides, and shall be in such form and contain such particulars as may be prescribed:provided that where no claim for compensation under section 140 is made in such application, the application shall contain a separate statement to that effect immediately before the signature of the applicant (4) the claims tribunal shall treat any report of accidents forwarded to it under sub-section (6) of section 158 as an application for compensation under this actaward of the claims tribunal168  (1) on receipt of an application for compensation made under section 166, the claims tribunal shall, after giving notice of the application to the insurer and after giving the parties (including the insurer) an opportunity of being heard, hold an inquiry into the claim or, as the case may be, each of the claims and, subject to the provisions of section 162 may make an award determining the amount of compensation which appears to it to be just and specifying the person or persons to whom compensation shall be paid and in making the award the claims tribunal shall specify the amount which shall be paid by the insurer or owner or driver of the vehicle involved in the accident or by all or any of them, as the case may be:provided that where such application makes a claim for compensation under section140 in respect of the death or permanent disablement of any person, such claim and any other claim (whether made in such application or otherwise) for compensation in respect of such death or permanent disablement shall be disposed of in accordance with the provisions of chapter x170  where in the course of any inquiry, the claims tribunal is satisfied that—impleading insurer in certain cases(a) there is collusion between the person making the claim and the person against whom the claim is made, or(b) the person against whom the claim is made has failed to contest the claim, it may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, direct that the insurer who may be liable in respect of such claim, shall be impleaded as a party to the proceeding and the insurer so impleaded shall thereupon have, without prejudice to the provisions contained in subsection (2) of section 149, the right to contest the claim on all or any of the grounds that are available to the person against whom the claim has been made|         |    |    |    |    ||----------|-----|-----|-----|-----|| appeals |     |     |     |     || 173     |     |     |     |     || (        |     |     |     |     || 1        |     |     |     |     || )       |    |    |    |    | (2) no appeal shall lie against any award of a claims tribunal if the amount in dispute in the appeal is less than ten thousand rupees|     |     |     |     |    ||------|------|------|------|-----| chapter xiii offences, penalties and proceduregeneral provision for punishment of offences 177  whoever contravenes any provision of this act or of any rule, regulation or notification made thereunder shall, if no penalty is provided for the offence be punishable for the first offence with fine which may extend to one hundred rupees, and for any second or subsequent offence with fine which may extend to three hundred rupees 178 (1)                                                                                    (3) if the holder of a permit or the driver of a contract carriage refuses, in contravention of the provisions of this act or rules made thereunder, to ply the contract carriage or to carry the passengers, he shall,—(a) in the case of two-wheeled or three-wheeled motor vehicles, be punishable with fine which may extend to fifty rupees; andpenalty for travelling without pass or ticket and for dereliction of duty on the part of conductor and refusal to ply contract carriage, etc(b) in any other case, be punishable with fine which may extend to two hundred rupeesdisobedience of orders, obstruction and refusal of information179  (1) whoever wilfully disobeys any direction lawfully given by any person or authority empowered under this act to give such direction, or obstructs any person or authority in the discharge of any functions which such person or authority is required or empowered under this act to discharge, shall, if no other penalty is provided for the offence be punishable with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees(2) whoever, being required by or under this act to supply any information, wilfully withholds such information or gives information which he knows to be false or which he does not believe to be true, shall, if no other penalty is provided for the offence, be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with bothallowing unauthorised persons to drive vehicles180 whenever, being the owner or person in charge of a motor vehicle, causes, or permits, any other person who does not satisfy the provisions of section 3 or section 4 to drive the vehicle shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both 181 whoever, drives a motor vehicle in contravention of section 3 or section 4 shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with bothdriving vehicles in contravention of section 3 or section 4 182 (1) whoever, being disqualified under this act for holding or obtaining a driving licence drives a motor vehicle in a public place or in any other place, or applies for or obtainsoffences relating to licencesa driving licence or, not being entitled to have a driving licence issued to him free of endorsement, applies for or obtains a driving licence without disclosing the endorsement made on a driving licence previously held by him shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees or with both, and any driving incence so obtained by him shall be of no effect(2) whoever, being disqualified under this act for holding or obtaining a conductor's licence, acts as a conductor of a stage carriage in a public place or applies for or obtains a conductor's licence or, not being entitled to have a conductor's licence issued to him free of endorsement, applies for or obtains a conductor's licence without disclosing the endorsements made on a conductor's licence previously held by him, shall be punishable with improsonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to one hundred rupees, or with both, and any conductor's licence so obtained by him shall be of no effect182a any person who contravenes the provisions of sub-section (3) of section 109, shall be punishable with a fine of five thousand rupees for any subsequent offencepunishmentfor offences relating to construction and maintenance of vehicles driving at excessive speed, etc183 (1) whoever, drives a motor vehicle in contravention of the speed limits referred to in section 112 shall be punishable with fine which may extend to four hundred rupees, or, if having been previously convicted of an offence under this sub-section is again convicted of an offence under this sub-section, with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees(2) whoever, causes any person who is employed by him or is subject to his control in driving to drive a motor vehicle in contravention of the speed limits referred to in section 112 shall be punishable with fine which may extend to three hundred rupees, or, if having been previously convicted of an offence under this sub-section, is again convicted of an offence under this sub-section, with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees(3) no person shall be convicted of an offence punishable under sub-section (1)solely on the evidence of one witness to the effect that in the opinion of the witness such person was driving at a speed which was unlawful, unless that opinion is shown to be based on an estimate obtained by the use of some mechanical device(4) the publication of a time table under which, or the giving of any direction that, any journey or part of a journey is to be completed within a specified time shall, if in the opinion of the court it is not practicable in the circumstances of the case for that journey or part of a journey to be completed in the specified time without contravening the speed limits referred to in section 112 be prima facie evidence that the person who published the time table or gave the direction has committed an offence punishable under sub-section (2)driving dangerously184 whoever, drives a motor vehicle at a speed or in a manner which is dangerous to the public, having regard to all the circumstances of case including the nature, condition and use of the place where the vehicle is driven and the amount of traffic which actually is at the time or which might reasonably be expected to be in the place, shall be punishable for the first offence with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, and for any second or subsequent offence if committed within three years of the commission of a previous similar offence with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine which may extend to two thousand rupees, or with both185 whoever, while driving, or attempting to drive, a motor vehicle,—(a) has, in his blood, alcohol exceeding 30 mg per 100 ml of blood detected in a test by a breath analyser, or driving by a drunken person or by a person under the influence of drugs(b) is under the influence of a drug to such an extent as to be incapable of exercising proper control over the vehicleshall be punishable for the first offence with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to two thousand rupees, or with both; and for a second or subsequent offence, if committed within three years of the commission of the previous similar offence, with imprisonment for term which may extend to two years, or with fine which may extend to three thousand rupees, or with both explanation—for the purposes of this section, the drug or drugs specified by the central government in this behalf, by notification in the official gazette, shall be deemed to render a person incapable of exercising proper control over a motor vehicledriving when mentally or phycicallyunfit to drive186 whoever drives a motor vehicle in any public place when he is to his knowledgesuffering from any disease or disability calculated to cause his driving of the vehicle to be a source of danger to the public, shall be punishable for the first offence with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees and for a second or subsequent offence with fine which may extend to five hundred rupeespunishment for offences relating to accident187 whoever fails to comply with the provisions of clause (c) of sub-section (1) ofsection 132 or section 133 or section 134 shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both or, if having been previously convicted of an offence under this section, he is again convicted of an offence under this section, with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with bothracing and trails of speed189 whoever without the written consent of the state government permits or takespart in a race or trial of speed of any kind between motor vehicles in any public place shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with bothusing vehicle in unsafe condition190 (1) any person who drives or causes or allows to be driven in any public place amotor vehicle or trailer while the vehicle or trailer has any defect, which such person knows of or could have discovered by the exercise of ordinary care and which is calculated to render the driving of the vehicle a source of danger to persons and vehicles using such place, shall be punishable with fine which may extend to two hundred and fifty rupees or, if as a result of such defect an accident is caused causing bodily injury or damage to property, with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months or with fine which may extend toone thousand rupees, or with both(2) any person who drives or causes or allows to be driven, in any public place a motor vehicle, which violates the standards prescribed in relation to road safety, control of noise and air- pollution, shall be punishable for the first offence with a fine of one thousand rupees and for any second or subsequent offence with a fine of two thousand rupees(3) any person who drives or causes or allows to be driven, in any public place a motor vehicle which violates the provisions of this act or the rules made thereunder relating to the carriage of goods which are of dangerous or hazardous nature to human life, shall be punishable for the first offence which may extend to three thousand rupees, or with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year, or with both, and for any second or subsequent offence with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years, or with bothsale of vehicle in or alteration of vehicle to condition contravening this act191  whoever being an importer of or dealer in motor vehicles, sells or delivers or offers to sell or deliver a motor vehicle or traller in such condition that the use thereof in a public place would be in contravention of chapter vii or any rule made thereunder or alters the motor vehicle or trailer so as to render its condition such that its use in a public place would be in contravention of chapter vii or any rule made thereunder shall be punishable with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees:provided that no person shall be convicted under this section if he proves that he had reasonable cause to believe that the vehicle would not be used in a public place until it had been put into a condition in which it might lawfully be so usedusing vehicle without permit192a  (1) whoever drives a motor vehicle or causes or allows a motor vehicle to be used in contravention of the provisions of sub-section (1) of section 66 or in contravention of any condition of a permit relating to the route on which or the area in which or the purpose for which the vehicle may be used, shall be punishable for the first offence with a fine which may extend to five thousand rupees but shall not be less than two thousand rupees and for any subsequent offence with imprisonment which may extend to one year but shall not be less than three months or with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees but shall not be less than five thousand rupees or with both:provided that the court may for reasons to be recorded, impose a lesser punishment punishment of agents and canvassers without proper authority193 whoever engages himself as an agent or canvasser in contravention of the provisions of section 93 or of any rules made thereunder shall be punishable for the first offence with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees and for any second or subsequent offence with imprisonment which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to two thousand rupees, or with bothdriving vehicle exceeding permissible weight194  (1) whoever drivers a motor vehicle or causes or allows a motor vehicle to be driven in contravention of the provisions of section 113 or section 114 or section 115 shall be punishable with minimum fine of two thousand rupees and an additional amount of one thousand rupees per tonne of excess load, together with the liability to pay charges for offloading of the excess load(2) any driver of a vehicle who refuses to stop and submit his vehicle to weighing after being directed to do so by an officer authorised in this behalf under section 114 or removes or causes the removal of the load or part of it prior to weighing shall be punishable with fine which may extend to three thousand rupeesimposition of minimum fine under certain circumstances195 (1) whoever having been convicted of an offence under this act or the rules made thereunder commits a similar offence on a second or subsequent occasion within three years of the commission of the previous offence, no court shall, except for reasons to be recorded by it in writing, impose on him a fine of less than one-fourth of the maximum amount of the fine impossible for such offence(2) nothing in sub-section (1) shall be construed as restricting the power of the court from awarding such imprisonment as it considers necessary in the circumstances of the case not exceeding the maximum specified in this act in respect of that offencedriving uninsured vehicle196 whoever drives a motor vehicle or causes or allows a motor vehicle to be driven in contravention of the provisions of section 146 shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with bothtaking vehicle without authority197 (1) whoever takes and drives away any motor vehicle without having either the consent of the owner thereof or other lawful authority shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to three months or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both:provided that no person shall be convicted under this section if the court is satisfied that such person acted in the reasonable belief that he had lawful authority or in the reasonable belief that the owner would in the circumstances of the case have given his consent if he had been asked therefor(2) whoever, unlawfully by force or threat of force or by any other form of intimidation, seizes or exercises control of a motor vehicle, shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with bothcomposition of certain offences 200 (1) any offence whether committed before or after the commencement of this act punishable under section 177, section 178, section 179, section 180, section 181, section 182, sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) of section 183, section 184, section 186, section 189, sub-section (2) of section190; section 191, section 192, section 194, section 196 or section 198 may either before or after the institution of the prosecution, be compounded by such officers or authorities and for such amount as the state government may, by notification in the official gazette, specify in this behalf(2) where an offence has been compounded under sub-section (1), the offender, if in custody, shall be discharged and no further proceedings shall be taken against him in respect of such offence201  (1) whoever keeps a disabled vehicle on any public place, in such a manner, so as to cause impediment to the free flow of traffic, shall be liable for penalty up to fifty rupees per hour, so long as it remains in that position:penalty for causing obstruction to free flow of trafficprovided that the vehicle involved in accidents shall be liable for penalty only from the time of completion of inspection formalities under the law:provided further that where the vehicle is removed by a government agency, towing charges shall be recovered from the vehicle owner or person in-charge of such vehicle(2) penalties or towing charges under this section shall be recovered by such officer or authority as the state government may, by notification in the official gazette, authorise________abillfurther to amend the motor vehicles act, 1988________( shri nitin gadkari, minister of road transport and highways)gmgipmrnd—2233ls(s3)—06-08-2016