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Yog Sutra : યોગસૂત્ર : योगसूत्र
The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali are one of the six darshanas of Hindu or Vedic schools and, alongside Bhagavad-Gita and Gherand Samhita, are a milestone in the history of Yoga. Yoga-Sutra are a set of aphorisms (sutras), which are short and easy to memorize. They are part of an ancient oral tradition, which means you don't learn by reading and reasoning alone but you listen and chant. Though brief, the Yoga Sutras are an enormously influential work that is just as relevant for yoga philosophy and practice today as it was when it was written.
The title of the Patanjali's work consists of two Sanskrit words: Yoga and Sutra. 'Yoga', as used by Patanjali, refers to a state of mind wherein thoughts and feelings are held in check, and 'Sutra' means thread. It refers to the thread of a mala, upon which the yoga aphorisms are strung like beads. For that reason the title is sometimes rendered in English as the 'Yoga Aphorisms'.
Yoga as a system of thought and practice has a primary reference to the philosophical system that flows from the teachings of the ancient Indian Yoga philosopher, Patanjali. Other great works elaborating on Yoga are the Siva Samhita, the Hath yoga Pradipika and the Gherand Samhita. Shiv Samhita is the fundamental work on yoga, said to originate from Lord Shiva, the founder of yoga. The Gherand Samhita is much more practical. It comprises of seven lessons covering aspects such as asanas (32 of them to be specific), how to perform it and its effects; mudras (25 of them), the control of senses, pranayam (breath control), meditation, and super consciousness. The Hatha Yoga Pradeepika by Swami Swatmarama is a much later text (16th Century) which deals with the pre-requisites of yoga, the asanas, pranayam, mudras, bandhas and Raj Yoga.
The Patanjali's Yog Sutra provide terse treatment to the complex subject of Yoga and seamlessly covers aspects such as types of yoga, practice of yoga, powers of yoga and the ultimate aim or result of yoga. Yog Sutra deals with the subject matter at a psychological, psychosomatic and metaphysical level. Although a spiritual document, Yog Sutra doesn't deal with specific Gods, chakras, kundalini or other trappings of the varied yogic traditions. It doesn't even elaborate us on how to perform any postures. In all, Yog Sutra comprises of 195 aphorisms divided into 4 chapters or Pada, as follows:
Kaivalya Pada (34 sutras)
Patanjali's yoga is also known as 'Astang yoga' (Astang means eight limbed). In Sadhan Pada, Patanjali narrates eight limbs of yoga practice. Interestingly, only one of them deals with physical postures, and that too, mainly with seating positions. The eight limbs are as follows:
Yama (abstentions): Ahimsa (non-injury), Satya (truth), Asteya (non-covetousness), Brahmacharya (continence) and Aparagriha (abstinence from avarice).
Niyama (observances): Saucha (purity), Santosha (contentment), Tapas (austerities), Svadhyaya (study) and Ishvarapranidhana (surrender to God).
Asana (posture): Asana literally means 'seat' but in broader sense they refer to various body postures. Patanjali dwells only on seating postures in Yog Sutra.
Pranayama: Control of prāna or vital breath
Pratyahara (Abstraction): Control of the senses by the withdrawal of prana from them so that they do not follow nature of mind.
Dharana (Concentration): Fixing the attention on a single object.
Dhyana (Meditation): A state of quiescence, wherein mind dissolves and become free of all thoughts.
Samadhi: Super-conscious state or state of liberation.
In spite of the Yoga Sutra being by far the most definitive text on the philosophy of classical yoga, very little is known about its author, Patanjali himself. In fact, the identity of this sage scholar is still being debated in academic circles. Maharshi Patanjali is believed to have compiled his Yoga Sutra around the 3rd or 4th century BC but archeological evidences and the study of ancient scriptures suggest that yoga was practiced in ancient India as early as 3000 BC.
Shri Yogeshwarji, a celebrated yogi and a great Gujarati saint and literate of modern times, translated and presented Patanjali's work in Gujarati through his books entitled 'Yog Darshan' and 'Patanjal Yog Darshan'. While the first one covers comments on Yoga Sutra in-depth, the later one presents simplified meaning of Yoga Aphorisms. As with his pioneering work on other popular Indian scriptures like Ramayana, Mahabharata, Bhagavad-Gita and Upanishads, his dwelling on Yoga Sutra offers comprehensive insight on the complex and often misunderstood subject of Yoga. Through the medium of this website, it's our humble endeavor to present them to Gujarati populace. Your comments are most welcome on this offering.
Samadhi Pada : Verse 01 - 05
Samadhi Pada : Verse 06 - 10
Samadhi Pada : Verse 11 - 15
Samadhi Pada : Verse 16 - 20
Samadhi Pada : Verse 21 - 25
Samadhi Pada : Verse 26 - 30
Samadhi Pada : Verse 31 - 35
Samadhi Pada : Verse 36 - 40
Samadhi Pada : Verse 41 - 45
Samadhi Pada : Verse 46 - 51
Sadhan Pada : Verse 01 - 05
Sadhan Pada : Verse 06 - 10
Sadhan Pada : Verse 11 - 15
Sadhan Pada : Verse 16 - 20
Sadhan Pada : Verse 21 - 25
Sadhan Pada : Verse 26 - 30
Sadhan Pada : Verse 31 - 35
Sadhan Pada : Verse 36 - 40
Sadhan Pada : Verse 41 - 45
Sadhan Pada : Verse 46 - 50
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