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ARGRAFFIAD canmlwyddiant Centenary edition - PDF
2 church as in Gaul, was the bond between incoming communities - Irish from the West and, perhaps North Britons from beyond the wall, with the anxious wraith of Nennius looking over his shoulder (as Stuart Piggott might have said). Maelgwn 'the Island Dragon' was styled the Great. By the early sixth century a considerable degree of expansion and consolidation was in place, in Gwynedd and on the continent. Maelgwn was undoubtedly pre-eminent among British kings in the first half of the sixth century (and a contemporary of the Great Byzantine Emperor, Justinian). Syagrius was killed by Clovis at Soissons in 486 and the Franks became the rulers of Northern Gaul and, by the later sixth century, almost all of it. Gwynedd did not lose contact with the remainder of the former Western Empire. The western seaways provided a conduit for trading ships, travelling clerics and information. The potential beach markets on the north and south coasts of mainland Gwynedd - at Deganwy (Morfa Rhianedd) and perhaps the Traeth Mawr, and Red Wharf Bay and Malltraeth on Anglesey. Aberffraw, one of the 'three chief thrones of the Island of Britain', may also have controlled such an entrepot before the sands choked the river. Their goods included exotica in amphorae from the Aegean, pottery from southern Gaul and intellectual matter in the style and idiom of gravestone epitaphs and occasionally, considerable sophistication. David Longley E Anglesey and the Wider World: meritus Professor of History at Swansea, Ralph Griffiths was unwell and had to send his apologies. It fell to Ann Benwell to deliver his lecture. He commenced with a story of a remarkable event on 21 st March, 1581 when William ap Hywel of Tregeian died at the age of 105. He fathered 43 children and 300 descendants were at his funeral. A man of moderate size, cheerful on a milk diet and with a strong constitution, lived a life of bucolic peace, born in 1476 in the reign of Edward II, dying in the time of Elizabeth I. Anglesey was never a backwater. In 1537 a Dominican Friar, Morris Griffiths presented a map of Britain to HenryVIII. It is at Hampton Court and is the first to show Anglesey, identifying four places: Aberffraw, Beaumaris, Holyhead and Priestholm. The King's librarian toured at that time and gave first impressions including the dangerous straits, millstones and rich fishing. Dr Thomas Phaer reported 2 dozen havens around the coast line to Ann Benwell Edward VI and declared Beaumaris the most important port west of Chester. In 1470, though he never visited, William Worcester, a Bristol antiquarian, described the island's importance alongside the Isle of Man. That island was linked earlier when John Stanley replaced the Percys as 'King of Man', after the Percy's association with Owain Glyndwr, Anglesey coming within his orbit. It was a complex relationship in the 15 th and 16 th century with economic interdependence. Beaumaris featured both from the military angle, a prison and as a chief port of North Wales for the world of commerce. Wine was an important import. Owen Tudor served as a squire in the court of Henry VI and Meurig ap Llewelyn of Bodorgan was in the King's army. Oxford contributed to education; there was a great building of churches. Henblas and Hafotty are examples of new properties. The wealth and outgoing contacts of Anglesey were extensive at the end of the Middle Ages. Not all the inhabitants remained farming and fishing like William ap Hywel! There was a brief opportunity for questions, fielded by Prof. Carr and then we adjourned for an excellent lunch in the Coffee Bar. The Rule of the Copper Kingdom n the afternoon Dr Jenkins explained that copper had a low concentration in rock so extracting I was not easy. At Parys Mountain evidence of Bronze age workings were found in the last 25 years but none of the Roman period though Roman bar ingots were found in Anglesey. Similar finds were made on the Great Orme. During the Industrial Revolution the Copper Kingdom was established. There were two mines, the Mona in the east and Parys in the west. Sir Michael Bayley owned Mona and a rich, accessible node was struck in The Rev. Hughes of Parys stopped his rival from working. Thomas Williams was the lawyer and he became the 'Copper King', Twm Chwara Têg. He managed the Parys mine and on the death of Bayley T. Williams became involved with Paget, his successor so he managed both mines! In 1784 many shafts were sunk and soon the open cast method was adopted. It was well organized and copper tokens were produced as currency. Nails and sheeting for ship bottoms were important end products. Dr David Jenkins Pigments and more copper were extracted from the mine outflow. During the duration of the lecture Dr Jenkins demonstrated the coating of a steel nail with copper from mine water. Thomas Williams was a local hero, he took over a company in Cornwall and died in Unfortunately he was also Nail with copper deposit involved in the Slave Trade. At this time the workings were the world source of copper but fortunes changed in the 20 th century and it closed. Dr Jenkins gave a vivid description, with pictures, of the mine interior and recent explorations of the shafts, tunnels and galleries. For a number of years Anglesey Mining has been prospecting and as copper prices fluctuate the possibility of limited new working is always there. Artisan Painting from Wales to America, Edward Owen of Penrhos to William Roos of Amlwch or the final lecture we were pleased to be joined by Lady Anglesey. F Mr. Lord explained that from the late 18th century the burgeoning middle class began to commission family portraits, creating new work for artisan painters who usually made a living by painting inn signs, ships, inscriptions and other commissions. These paintings have been undervalued in Wales and also in England. On the other hand, in America collectors have been buying them for a long time and their 'folk art', as they call it, commands very high prices. However, the first picture he discussed was not an artisan Peter Lord work but a painting made by one of the gentry. By 1732 Edward Owen of Edward Owen Penrhos was a competent artist, and he painted a self portrait. He had gone up to London to study art and his letters home reveal his adventures, which ended sadly in a mugging that disabled him, stopped his painting and resulted in his return to Anglesey. He died of consumption eight years later. The portrait was last seen at the 1927 National Eisteddfod at Holyhead. Mr Lord recently traced it to Massachusetts, retrieved and restored it. It was this discovery that stimulated the idea for an exhibition of artisan paintings at Plas Glyn y Weddw. Among the late 18th century Welsh artisan painters discussed were John Walters of Denbigh, who painted the blacksmith William Williams and the publican Tom Jones of Wrexham. The social changes of the 19th century produced much work for painters such as William Roos, born at Amlwch in 1808, and at the height of his popularity in the 1840s. Among his many portraits is the iconic image of Christmas Evans. Among the works of his main rival, Hugh Hughes, was a group portrait painted in 1823, known as 'A Gentlemen's Society Meeting'. It demonstrated the popularity of this kind of work in America, for it had been bought for 8000 by a London dealer who exported it to New York, where it fetched $50,000. Mr Lord compared 2
3 many Welsh paintings with counterparts in America, demonstrating that there was often a striking resemblance, though the Welsh examples were largely unappreciated. The origins of the American interest in artisan painting lay in the 1920s when Edith Halpert, a dealer, opened a specialist folk art gallery. She toured farms and bought up paintings. Among her clients was Abby Aldridge Rockefeller, one of the richest women in America. Her collection was shown in New York at the first major American Folk Art exhibition in 1932, and the style has never lost its popularity. Our Welsh pictures are now beginning to receive the attention they deserve. Mr Lord treated us to a slide show showing many examples, including the portraits of Mr and Mrs Rowlands of Holyhead, painted in about 1840, John Roberts' portraits of Hugh Hunter Hughes, surgeon of Pwllheli, and of the Marquess of Anglesey. We saw William Roos' portrait of Dic Aberdaron. With the development of cheap photography, by the 1850s the demand for this type of work diminished. Mr Lord stressed that artisan painting does not feature in British galleries, but he felt it should be presented with pride. He is a leading light in this field and his aim is to bring about a change for the better. This lecture was a fitting end to an excellent Day conference. All four speakers made themselves available to answer questions. The closing speech was made by Prof Tony Carr but before he started the audience were delighted by the sudden appearance of our patron, the Marquess. He told us how pleased he was to be able to join us briefly, having only just been discharged from hospital. He wished us well and the audience responded with enthusiasm. Everybody agreed that this 'Day School' aspect of the celebrations was a great success. The Official Reception little over an hour later there was a fresh assembly in the Music Room where Professor Carr welcomed members to A the Evening Centenary Reception. He referred to the long and honourable record of the Society and how conscious he was of its continuity and of his prestigious post of President- being the sixth at the end of the first century. In all that time there has only been four secretaries. He paid tribute to our present secretary Siôn Caffell who has served for over forty years. The society first met on 5 th October, 1911 with 175 founder members. There were 14 gentry, 25 clergy, 8 teachers and 2 academics. Only five were women. By 1961 there were 232 members and he mentioned many personalities such as Dr Leslie Jones, Helen Ramage and more recently our present stalwarts Frances Lynch Llewellyn, Ann Benwell, David Longley and our present Chairman Geraint Evans. He paid a special tribute to our Vice President, John Rowlands and all present were sorry that owing to ill health he was unable to attend. In conclusion he thanked Lord and Lady Lady Anglesey Anglesey for their kindness as hosts. Bouquets were presented to Lady Anglesey and Ruth Bennett-Jones to our senior member, Mrs Bennett Jones. Mrs Bennett Jones responded with an amusing speech, recalling an excursion to Barclodiad y Gawres in Mr Powell and Mr Glyn Daniel were leading and the weather was atrocious. She and her mother had arranged tea at Hafod Wen, Rhosneigr afterwards. They did supply everything needed but as everyone was becoming more and more wet with the rain the crowd increased in size at a rate when she thought they could not cope. All that passed through her mind were the words from the 'Walrus and the Carpenter' by Lewis Carroll: 'And thick and fast they came at last, and more and more and more...!' Many other anecdotes were exchanged while everyone enjoyed drinks and savouries. One suggestion put forward was that in the future the 'Field Club' aspect of the Society could be revived. It was a quiet and pleasant evening. 3
7 hwn cafodd ddyrchafiad yn Bennaeth yr Adran a bu yn weinidog yn Pencarneddi, Star a Moreia, Gaerwen. Pan wnaeth y Brifysgol ad-drefnu ei chyrsiau aeth yr Adran i Goleg Llanbedr a phenodwyd Dr Morgan yn Bennaeth. Mae yn bregethwr grymus ac awdur llawer llyfr a phamffled. Braint oedd galw arno i drafodi ei ddarlith am John Elias. Dechreuodd Dr Morgan gan amlinellu ei berthynas ac Ynys Môn. Pan oedd yn blentyn yn Nhreforys gweinidog ei gapel oedd y Parch R D Roberts o Mynydd Bodafon, a 'roedd wedi byw yn Yr Athro Densil Morgan time he became Principal of the department and served as minister of the chapels of Pencarneddi, Soar, and Moreia, Gaerwen. When the University rearranged its courses the Department moved to the College at Llanbedr with Dr Morgan as its Principal. It was a privilege to invite him to present his lecture. Dr Morgan began by outlining his connection with the Island. As a child in Morriston the minister at his chapel was the Rev. R D Roberts from Mynydd Bodafon and, while in Bangor, he had lived in Llanddaniel for six years so was familiar with the Llanddaniel am chwe mlynedd, tra yn y Brifysgol felly 'roedd yn gyfarwydd â iaith a hanes yr ynys. 'Roedd yn hyfryd dod yn ôl a braint oedd cofio Syr Ifor am ei fod wedi bod yn fyfyriwr yn yr Adran Gymraeg a sefydlwyd ganddo. Mae'r flwyddyn 1811 yn bwysig yn hanes crefydd yng Nghymru. I ddeall paham rhaid mynd yn ôl i 1735, y flwyddyn dechreuodd Hywel Harris, Trefeca siarad am ei anesmwythder gyda ffurf gwasanaethau'r eglwys sefydledig. Un arall oedd Daniel Rowlands, Llangeitho ac, yn ddiweddarach, William Williams, Pantycelyn. Nid oeddynt yn perthyn i fudiad ffurfiol ond roedd ei dylanwad yn annog eraill i ofyn cwestiynau am ei bywyd ysbrydol. Gan amlaf nid oeddynt yn cysidro ei hunain fel pregethwyr ond yn Gynghorwyr. Rhwng 1760 a 1790 ehangodd y pocedi bach o fywyd ysbrydol newydd o r De i r Gogledd. 'Roedd y mudiad yn cael ei gysidro yn Fethodist ac yn cynnal seiadau i drafod ei phrofiadau. Yn Lloegr 'roedd John Wesley a i frawd Charles, ag yn Ewrop y Morawiaid ag eraill, wedi cael profiad cyffelyb. Roeddynt yn dal i fynychu'r eglwys sefydledig am achlysur oedd eisio person ordeiniedig ond roeddynt yn anesmwyth am hyn. Yn 1811 sefydlwyd yr enwad Methodistiaid Calfinaidd (yr Eglwys Bresbyteraidd heddiw) yn ffurfiol ar ôl i Thomas Charles, Bala a Thomas Jones, Dinbych ordeinio nifer o Gynghorwyr. 'Roedd John Elias yn un ohonynt. Dilynodd yr Annibynwyr (neu Sentars ), y Bedyddwyr a r Wesleaid wedyn. Ganwyd John Elias yn 1774 yn Abererch ger Pwllheli, erbyn 1794 'roedd yn enwog am bregethu mewn seiadau yn Llŷn. Symudodd i Fôn i fyw yn Llanfechell a phriodi merch o Gemaes, wedyn i Langefni i fod yn weinidog Capel Dinas. Bu island s language and history. It was a pleasure to return and a privilege to remember Sir Ifor, having been a student in the Department that he established. The year 1811 is important in the religious history of Wales. To understand why we need to go back to 1735, the year that Hywel Harris, Trefecca began speaking about his uneasiness with the form of worship in the established church. Another was Daniel Rowlands, Llangeitho and, later, William Williams, Pantycelyn. They were not a formal movement but their influence encouraged others to question their spiritual life. They did not consider themselves as preachers but as Counsellors. Between 1760 and 1790 the small pockets of new spiritual life expanded from South to North. The movement was considered Methodist and held Fellowship meetings to discuss their experiences. In England John Wesley and his brother Charles, and the Moravians and others in Europe, had similar experiences. They continued attending the established church for services that required an ordained person but were not happy about this. Thomas Charles, Bala, and Thomas Jones, Denbigh, ordained several counsellors. In 1811 the Calvinistic Methodist denomination was formally established, (now known as the Presbyterian Church of Wales ). John Elias was one of the ordinands. The other denominations, Independent (or dissenters ), Baptist and Wesleyan Methodist followed afterwards. John Elias was born in 1774 at Abererch near Pwllheli. By 1794 he was famous as a preacher at fellowship meetings in Llŷn. He moved to Llanfechell, married a lady from Cemaes and then to Llangefni as minister of Capel Dinas. He was a significant influence on John Elias yn arwyddocaol yn natblygiad cynnar y the development of the Calvinistic Methodist denomination on Methodistiaid Calfinaidd ym Môn, ei lysenw gan rai oedd Pab Môn. 'Roedd ganddo enw da am fod yn bregethwr grymus. Bu farw yn Mae cofeb iddo yng Nghapel Moreia, Llangefni sydd yn cael ei gysidro yn Gapel Coffa John Elias. Ar ran cynulleidfa werthfawrogol diolchodd Donald Pritchard i Dr Morgan am araith ddiddorol dros ben wedi ei chyflwyno gyda Anglesey, for some his nickname was Anglesey s Pope. He was known as a powerful preacher. He died in His memorial, originally in Capel Dinas, is now in Moreia Chapel, Llangefni which is considered to be the John Elias Memorial Chapel. On behalf of an appreciative audience Donald Pritchard thanked Dr Morgan for an extremely interesting brwdfrydedd. lecture delivered with enthusiasm. Nodyn Golygydd: Mae adeilad Capel Dinas yn dal i fodoli yno mae asiantaeth cwmni moduron Ford. Editor's Note: Capel Dinas building still exists- it now houses the Ford Motor Agency. Autumn Meeting, Friday 18 th November The Launch of Medieval Anglesey, a revised edition. Cyfarfod yr Hydref, Nos Wener, 18ed Tachwedd Lansio'r argraffiad diwygiedig o Medieval Anglesey. Professor Antony Carr. Yr Athro Antony Carr. he hall of Oriel Ynys Môn was the venue for the euadd Oriel Ynys Môn oedd y man ple mwynhaodd T reception where a large group of members and friends N grŵp helaeth o aelodau a ffrindiau ymgom a lluniaeth enjoyed conversation and cyn mynd i Oriel Syr Kyffin Williams. refreshments before moving Yno, wedi ei amgylchu gan into the Sir Kyffin Williams arddangosiad o waith Syr Kyffin a Gallery. There, surrounded by Charles Tunnicliffe, croesawodd Pat an exhibition of the works of West y cynulliad. Gwahoddodd Kyffin and Charles Tunnicliffe, Frances Lynch Llewellyn, ein Isgadeirydd, y Llywydd, yr Athro Pat West greeted the assembly. Our Vice Chairman Frances Antony Carr, i gyflwyno ei argraffiad Lynch Llewellyn introduced the newydd o Medieval Anglesey, llyfr President, Professor Antony diweddaraf y Gymdeithas yn ei chyfres Carr. He spoke about his new Studies in Anglesey History. edition of Medieval Anglesey, Dechreuodd Dr Carr drwy roi braslun the latest in the AAS series of o ei gefndir diddorol - treulio ei Studies in Anglesey History. blentyndod yn Ynysoedd Falkland a Prof. Carr's interesting Mauritius, wedyn yn Ysgol Ramadeg background was mentioned; how he spent his childhood in the Biwmares a graddio yn Hanes ym Mhrifysgol Bangor. Fel Falkland Islands and Mauritius, eventually attending Beaumaris myfyriwr graddedig bu yn archifydd cynorthwyol yn Swyddfa Grammar School and then on to Bangor University, graduating Archifdy Essex cyn dod yn ôl, yn 1964, i Brifysgol Bangor fel 7
8 Pat West Frances Lynch Llewellyn in History. As a postgraduate he was an assistant archivist at the Essex Record Office, returning to Bangor in 1964 and retiring as darlithydd ac ymddeol fel Athro Hanes Canoloesol Cymru yn I ddechrau ei gyflwyniad talodd deyrnged i bawb oedd wedi ei Professor of Medieval Welsh gynorthwyo. Yn gyntaf ei wraig, History in Professor Carr's Glenda, wedyn yn arbennig first act was to pay tribute to all who helped him. Glenda, his wife was the first, followed by Frances Llewellyn, Tomos Roberts, Einion ap Thomas, Dave Wilson Frances Lynch Llewellyn, Robert Williams, Dave Wilson, Tomos Roberts ac Einion ap Thomas. Bydd yr argraffiad cyntaf yn 1982 yn gyfarwydd i aelodau ac and Robert Williams of Llyfrau Magma. Members will be 'roedd yn hapus i roi trosolwg o gynhwysiad y gyfrol newydd. familiar with the first edition of Prof Carr was pleased to give a fresh 'Overview' of the contents. New photographs, maps and illustrations are a great improvement but significant changes have been made in some sections involving a revision of some of his opinions, mainly because of the incredible discovery of medieval documents in Penrhyn Castle, only three months after the publication of the first edition! In many ways the adjustments were much more difficult. Records available are not as extensive as in England, some were missing. Court records and plea rolls are examples and Caernarfon burnt many on the foreshore in the 19 th century. He stressed that history surrounds us- a name can give a clue and can open up new channels. It is a book about PEOPLE and he obtained information from the Penrhyn diaries, Baron Hill and Mostyn. He found genealogy records to be accurate. Why did he do it? He said his experience in archive work led to an attempt to write TOTAL history. He felt that the 'Definitive' description did not apply. History gathering is a continuing process and based on the work of others. He expressed his debt to his prior teachers and most of all- he enjoyed doing it! After an enthusiastic response and words of appreciation, the audience Mae lluniau a mapiau newydd yn welliant mawr a mae newidiadau arwyddocaol mewn rhai adrannau. Mae wedi newid ei farn am ambell destun wrth astudio papurau canoloesol a ddarganfuwyd yng Nghastell Penrhyn tua thair mis ar ôl cyhoeddiad yr argraffiad cyntaf. Mewn llawer ffordd roedd gwneud y cyweiriadau yn fwy anodd na r argraffiad cyntaf. Tydi r cofnodion sydd ar gael ddim mor eang â rhai yn Lloegr. Mae Cofnodion Llysoedd a Rholiau Ple yn enghreifftiau - llosgwyd rhai Caernarfon yn y 19eg ganrif. Pwysleisiodd bod hanes yn ein hamgylchu - mae enw person neu safle yn medru agor sianelau newydd. Am bobol mae'r llyfr. Cafodd wybodaeth o ddyddiaduron Penrhyn a phapurau Baron Hill a Mostyn. Darganfodd cofnodion achyddiaeth yn gywir. Pam wnaeth y gwaith? 'Roedd ei brofiad fel archifydd wedi arwain i ymgais i ysgrifennu hanes cyflawn. 'Roedd yn cysidro nad oedd disgrifiad terfynol yn addas. Mae casglu hanes yn broses parhaol ag yn seiliedig ar waith eraill. Mynegodd ei ddyled i w athrawon ag, yn bennaf, - mwynhaodd ei wneud! Ar ôl ymateb brwdfrydig a diolchiadau casglodd y gynulleidfa ei llyfr llofnodedig o dan ddarlun o Eglwys Llanrhwydrys gan Syr Kyffin, sydd ar glawr y llyfr, yn edrych i lawr arnynt. collected their signed editions. Prominently displayed was Kyffin's sketch of Eglwys Llanrhwydrys, featured on the front cover. & Gareth W Parry 'Becoming Welsh' 'Dyfod yn Gymreig' Oriel Ynys Môn, Friday 20 th January, 2012 Nos Wener, 20 Ionawr 2012 yn Oriel Môn. rs Ann Benwell welcomed a full house and invited roesawodd Mrs Ann Benwell Dŷ llawn a gwahoddodd M Mrs Frances Lynch Llewellyn to introduce the C Mrs Frances Lynch Llewellyn i gyflwyno siaradwr y the evening s speaker. A native of Austria, Professor noson. Brodor o Awstria yw'r Athro Raimund Karl Raimund Karl is a Modern academic who has been at Bangor University since 2003, having previously been at the Department of Celtic Studies at Aberystwyth. His main interest is the development of societies, especially in the pre and post Roman periods here and on the Continent. Professor Karl began by explaining his theme would be based on the evidence found in archaeological excavations in the Clwydian Hills and Llŷn peninsula, comparing it Professor Raimund Karl sydd yn Academig modern ac wedi bod ym Mhrifysgol Bangor ers 2003 ar ôl cyfnod yn yr Adran Astudiaeth Geltaidd yn Aberystwyth. Ei brif ddiddordeb yw datblygiad cymdeithasol, yn enwedig yn yr amser cyn ag ar ôl y Rhufeiniad, yma ac ar y Cyfandir. Dechreuodd yr Athro Karl gan ddweud fod ei thema yn seiliedig ar y dystiolaeth a ddarganfuwyd wrth gloddio ar Fryniau Clwyd a Penrhyn Llŷn a'i gymharu gyda gwaith tebyg yn yr Almaen ac Awstria. with similar work in Austria and Germany. The modern approach is to accept that societies are fundamentally changeable and the changes occur in steps and are continuous. He illustrated his talk with several detailed plans and photographs. The classic original Celtic society is considered to be the one at Hallstatt in Austria which lasted for about 600 years. In Wales the evidence from the early first millennium BC is of small communities some 35 miles apart which developed into larger units by the end of that period. Chronological evidence prior to the Roman occupation is mainly from excavations of hill forts. Those on the Clwydian Hills range in size from about ¾ of a hectare to about 20 hectares, the exposed structures and some artefacts discovered show how they developed. Some have exposed charcoal, which has Yr ymagwedd fodern yw derbyn bod cymdeithasau yn gyfnewidiol yn wreiddiol ac mae'r newidiadau yn digwydd mewn camau ag yn barhaol. Eglurodd manylion ei araith gyda nifer o gynlluniau a ffotograffau. Y gymdeithas wreiddiol glasurol Celtaidd yw'r un yn Hallstatt yn Awstria a barhaodd am tua 600 mlynedd. Mae'r dystiolaeth o r mileniwm cyntaf CC cynnar yng Nghymru yn pwyntio at gymdeithasau bach tua 35 milltir oddi wrth ei gilydd a ddatblygodd yn unedau mwyach erbyn diwedd y cyfnod. Mae rhan fwyaf o r dystiolaeth gronolegol cyn y meddianiad Rhufeinig yn dod o gloddio fryngeiri. Mae amrediad y rhai ar Fryniau Clwyd o tua ¾ hectar i tua 20 hectar ac mae rhai o r adeiledd datgeledig ac arteffactau a ddarganfuwyd yn dangos sut wnaethant ddatblygu. 8 Mae golosg o rhai ohonynt wedi bod yn werthfawr i ddyddio
9 assisted carbon dating, mostly from 800 to 500 BC. The relationship between the sites is unclear. Similar evidence has been found in Llŷn and on Anglesey. The Castell Odo and Meillionydd sites are very interesting and complex examples. Descriptions of the indigenous population and its activities during the Roman and early post Roman periods are based on Roman records, which identify the various Celtic tribes and their location in Britain. These give some indication of the social models and cultures. The results of all these investigations suggest that in the 1 st Century BC societies had developed differently but there was some common practice. They suggest that Celtic society was based on pyramidal family groups or kins (clans?) and there was some interaction between the various tribes. For example there were similar words in Breton, Welsh and Irish languages. Eventually the kins amalgamated into larger units led by a King. In the early Middle Ages something like present Wales begins to emerge and the North West became Gwynedd. And that s when we Became Welsh. On behalf of a very appreciative audience Mrs Llewellyn thanked Professor Karl for his Tour de force. carbon sydd yn rhoi dyddiadau rhwng 800 a 600CC. Mae'r perthynas rhwng fryngeiri yn aneglur. Mae tystiolaeth gyffelyb wedi ei ddarganfod yn Llyn a Môn. Mae safleoedd Castell Odo a Meillionydd yn enghreifftiau diddorol a chymhleth. Mae disgrifiadau o r boblogaeth frodorol a'i gweithgareddau yn y cyfnod Rhufeinig ac ôl Rhufeinig cynnar yn seiliedig ar y cofnodion Rhufeinig sydd yn nodi'r gwahanol dylwythau Celtaidd a'i lleoliad ym Mhrydain. Mae'r rhain yn rhoi rhyw syniad o r modelau cymdeithasol a diwylliannol. Mae canlyniadau'r holl ymchwiliadau yn awgrymu, erbyn y Ganrif Cyntaf CC, fod y cymdeithasau wedi datblygu yn wahanol ond fod yna ddigon o arferion cyffredinol. Maent yn cysidro fod y gymdeithas Geltaidd yn seiliedig ar grŵp teuluol pyramidaidd neu Ceraint teuluol ( clan?) a 'roedd yna ryngweithiad rhwng y gwahanol dylwythau. Er enghraifft 'roedd geiriau tebyg i w gilydd yn iaith Llydaw, Cymru ac Iwerddon. Ymhen amser ymunodd y Ceraint mewn unedau mwy o dan arweiniad Brenin. Wedyn yn yr Oes Canolog gynnar dechreuodd rhywbeth tebyg i Gymru bresennol ymddangos a daeth y Gogledd Gorllewin yng Ngwynedd. A dyna pryd wnaethom Ddyfod yn Gymreig. Ar ran cynulleidfa werthfawrogol iawn diolchodd Mrs Llewellyn yr Athro Karl am Tour de force. 150 years of Archaeological Excavation 150 blwyddyn o Gloddio Archaeolegol Oriel Ynys Môn Friday 17 th February. full lecture room was presided over by the Chairman, A Mr Geraint Evans, when Mr Andrew Davidson introduced the speaker. Frances proceeded to give a lively presentation and summary of all the major events governing investigations on our island, from the early recordings of the 19 th century to the sophisticated ventures of our time. A full account is published in the current Transactions. In the Pre First World War era the outstanding contributor was W.O. Stanley, most of his findings still bearing up today. Post war saw the creation of protective organisations including the Society's observers. She discussed the excavations of Din Lligwy, Bryn Celli Ddu and later Barclodiad y Gawres. Latterly there were events such as Llyn Cerrig Bach and excavations on a grander scale at Ty Mawr, Trefignath, Rhosyr, Llanbedrgoch, Parc Cybi and Tai Cochion. The evening's entertaining talk was much appreciated and she was thanked by the Chairman. Opportunities to ask questions were taken up during the refreshment break afterwards. EXHIBITION PICTURE QUIZ Y Frances Lynch Llewellyn Oriel Ynys Môn, Nos Wener, 17 Chwefror cadeirydd, Mr Geraint Evans, oedd y llywydd mewn ystafell darlith lawn a gofynnodd i Mr Andrew Davidson gyflwyno'r darlithydd. Dechreuodd Frances gan roi cyflwyniad bywiog o grynodeb o holl weithgareddau cloddio pennaf ar ein hynys, o gofnodion yr 19eg ganrif gynnar hyd at ymchwiliadau soffistigedig ein hamser ni. Bydd adroddiad llawn yn cael ei gyhoeddi yn y Trafodion nesaf. Yn y cyfnod cyn y Rhyfel Mawr Cyntaf W. O. Stanley oedd y cyfrannwr eithriadol, mae rhan fwyaf o i ddarganfyddiadau yn dal i fyny heddiw. Ar ôl y rhyfel dechreuodd sefydliadau amddiffynnol gael ei creu,yn cynnwys sylwedyddion y Gymdeithas. Trafododd am y cloddio yn Din Lligwy, Bryn Celli Ddu a Barclodiad y Gawres. Yn hwyrach fe fu gweithgareddau fel Llyn Cerrig Bach a chloddio ar raddfa fwy mawreddog Ty Mawr, Trefignath, Rhosyr, Llanbedrgoch, Parc Cybi a Tai Cochion. Mawr oedd y gwerthfawrogiad o ddarlith ddifyrrus a diolchodd y Cadeirydd iddi hi. Cafwyd cyfle i ofyn cwestiynau yn ystod amser paned wedyn. During the course of the evening the results of the competition were announced. It was in two sections. The first was the 'Simple' version identifying well-known sites and two winners were drawn from a large bag of successful answers. They were: Llŷr Elias Jones, 7, Ffordd Hwfa, Llangefni and Lowri McQuire-Jones, 10, Tai Lôn Newydd, Talwrn. There were no outright winners of the 'Expert' quiz on less well known sites. A similar draw of the nearest produced two sets of competitors: Sara Roberts & Tim Petts, Ty'n Rhedyn, Llanddaniel and S. Ellis of Dwyran. The prizes were 1 year's membership and three free books: Anglesey Past Landscapes of the Coast, Môn Mam Cymru and Portraits of an Island (2 nd edition). Congratulations to all! On being High Sheriff in the 21 st Century John Hemingway and his Portrait A History of AAS Excursions. ur Chairman Mr Geraint Evans greeted a O good audience and invited Mrs Ann Benwell to introduce the speakers. Our first was Professor Robin Grove-White who entertained us with his experiences in his important role coinciding with our centenary. As High Sheriff of Anglesey and Gwynedd he confessed to an initial slight cynicism of its function but after research he was impressed by its importance even at this time. The 'Funny' clothes, - eighteenth century in style- proved to be comfortable and he enjoyed the ceremonial occasions. They commenced with a formal swearing--in with Wales' Chief Judge, David Lloyd Jones, together with his predecessor, the Lord Lieutenant and Robin's chaplain, Rev. Emlyn Richards. He showed colourful photographs of himself with the Mayors of Gwynedd at Caernarfon Castle. He felt it Centenary POT POURRI 2012 Canmlwyddiant Mawrth 16 March Am fod yn Uchel Siryf yn 21ain Ganrif. Portread o John Hemingway. Tipyn o hanes gwibdeithiau'r Gymdeithas. yfarchodd y Cadeirydd, Mr Geraint Evans, gynulleidfa dda a gwahoddodd Mrs Ann C Benwell i gyflwyno'r siaradwyr. Y cyntaf oedd Yr Athro Robin Grove-White a roddodd ddisgrifiad difyrrus o ei brofiad fel Uwch Siryf Môn a Gwynedd am y flwyddyn o Ebrill Cyffesodd tipyn o sinigiaeth am y swydd ond gwnaeth tipyn o ymchwil argraff gref am ei Oriel Ynys Môn phwysigrwydd hyd yn oed heddiw. 'Roedd y Dillad Rhyfedd - yn steil yr 18fed. ganrif - yn gyffyrddus a mwynhaodd y defodau achlysurol. Y cyntaf oedd tyngu llw ffurfiol gyda Prif Farnwr Cymru, David Lloyd Jones, ynghyd a'i ragflaenydd, yr Arglwydd Raglaw a chaplan Robin, Y Parch Emlyn Richards. Dangosodd luniau lliwgar o ef ei hun gyda Meiri Gwynedd yng Nghastell Caernarfon. Teimlodd bod yn 9
10 was a great privilege to be involved, especially with the granting of the Freedom of the City of Bangor to the Royal Welsh. Such ceremonies were a two way process, he discovered that other organizations, the Police, Fire and Ambulance departments all felt them to be significant. Most of all he was impressed when presenting awards to voluntary groups. From 1282 to 1531 the Sheriff was undisputed ruler of the shire but from 1536 to 1887 there was evolution and an erosion of powers, mainly because many functions were taken over by others- the Coroner, the County, the courts and the Lord Lieutenant. After 1887 it became mostly ceremonial but he still had to provide hospitality to the High Judges, sitting in on serious Crown Court cases and supporting the Lord Lieutenant during Royal visits. His contact with the Prof. Robin Grove-White voluntary organizations impressed him the most, so he is finishing his duties with a spectacular bid to raise funds for Anglesey Youth Unemployment and the vulnerable young. This is the 125 mile 'WALK' he is undertaking around the Anglesey Coastal Path. Julie Stone was our second speaker, continuing from her previous talk about building the Britannia Bridge. (Newsletter 54) One of the main contractors, a stone mason, was John Hemingway. His first major work was the Stonyhurst Jesuit College at Whalley in Lancashire. Later, on the London and Birmingham Railway, the south portal of the Linslade tunnel with its turreted and curtained walls was an early project. He moved to Menai Bridge in 1846, as part of the firm of Nowell, Hemingway and Pearson and he resided at Craig Owen, Cadnant Road, remaining there until the end of his life. The house is now the Tegfryn Art Gallery. He features in the famous Lucas painting of the bridge builders. Sadly, both his sons died without issue but his daughters lived on and married locally. Hemingway died in 1868 and is buried on Church Island. The descendants are scattered but two great-great-great grandsons, Mark Johnson and Stuart Phillips, were recent visitors to Porthaethwy. Mark had an oil portrait of John Hemingway stored in London after transfer from Tehran during the departure of the Shah. He has presented it to the Menai Bridge Community Heritage Trust and it can be viewed at the Bridge Exhibition. The artist is unknown but Peter Lord has examined it and says it is of some importance. It is damaged and in need of restoration. A fund has been created to raise 5000 and Julie would welcome any contributions. Contacts can be made by telephone: or by E Mail After an interval for refreshments Gareth Parry gave a short account of the Society's excursions through the century. The first one was in June, 1912 to Penmon led by the Rector, it was followed by a visit to Holyhead Mountain to view the excavations of W O Stanley and the third was to Lligwy under the supervision of the President, Lord Boston. A programme of excursions, with breaks during the two World Wars, was produced every summer. During that time the majority of the island s 150 or so ancient monuments and 44 of the 83 extant churches were visited, some several times and usually under the guidance of knowledgeable people. Some of the sites were in remote locations and it is a mystery how members attended the early ones as decent roads and public transport were almost non-existent. In a report on visits to Llaniestyn and Llanfihangel Din Silwy churches, Lord Boston commented that they were 'poorly attended because of remoteness'. In contrast, 10 ymglymedig yn fraint fawr, yn arbennig gyda chyflwyno Rhyddfraint Dinas Bangor i Gatrawd y Cymru Brenhinol. 'Roedd defodau fel hyn yn broses dwyffordd, darganfuwyd fod sefydliadau eraill - yr Heddlu a r gwasanaethau Tân ac Ambiwlans yn teimlo ei bod yn arwyddocaol. Cafodd yr argraff bennaf wrth gyflwyno gwobrau i grwpiau gwirfoddol. O 1282 hyd at 1531 y Julie Stone Siryf oedd y rheolwr diamheuol dros y sir. Ond o 1537 tan 1887 bu esblygiad ac erydiad o bwerau am fod y Crwner, y Sir, y llysoedd a r Arglwydd Raglaw wedi cymryd llawer pwrpas drosodd. Defodol, gan mwyaf, oedd y swydd ar ôl 1887 ond 'roedd rhaid rhoi lletygarwch i Farnwyr yr Uchel Lys, eistedd i mewn yn Llys y Goron pan fyddo achos difrifol a chefnogi'r Arglwydd Raglaw yn ystod ymweliadau Brenhinol. John Hemingway Gwnaeth ei gysylltiad gyda grwpiau gwirfoddol oedd yr argraff bennaf. 'Roedd am orffen ei ddyletswydd gyda chais ysblennydd i godi cronfa i helpu Diweithdra Ieuenctid Môn a r ieuenctid archolladwy. Hwn yw'r Gerddediad 'roedd am wneud ar hyd y 125 milltir o Llwybr Arfordir Môn Yr ail i siarad oedd Julie Stone, yn parhau o ei araith am adeiladu Pont Britannia. (Cylchlythr 54) Un o r ymgymerwyr pennaf oedd y saer maen John Hemingway. Ei waith pennaf cyntaf oedd Coleg Iesuwyr Stonyhurst yn Whalley, Sir Caerhirfryn. Wedyn, ar Rheilffordd Llundain a Birmingham, 'roedd porth deol twnnel Linsdale, gyda'i furlenau tyredog yn brosiect cynnar. Symudodd i Borthaethwy yn 1846 fel rhan o gwmni Nowell, Hemingway a Pearson a 'roedd yn byw yn Craig Owen, Ffordd Cadnant, am weddill ei fywyd. Oriel Tegfryn yw'r tŷ yn awr. Mae yn arwyddol yn y darlun enwog gan Lucas o adeiladwyr bont. Bu farw yn 1868 a chladdwyd ef ar Ynys Tysilio. Bu ei ddau fab farw heb fagu plant ond priododd ei ferched ddynion lleol. Gwasgarodd ei ddisgynyddion ond oedd dau o ei dair-gwaith or-ŵyrion, Mark Johnston a Stuart Phillips, yn ymwelwyr diweddar ym Mhorthaethwy. 'Roedd gan Mark portread olew o John Hemingway mewn storfa yn Llundain ar ôl dod o Tehran pan adawodd y Shah. Mae Mark wedi ei gyflwyno i Ymddiriedolaeth Cymuned Porthaethwy ac fe welir o yn Arddangosfa yn Pontydd. Does dim gwybodaeth am yr arlunydd ond mae Peter Lord wedi ei archwilio ag yn ei gysidro yn bwysig. Mae mewn cyflwr gwael ag eisio adferiad. Mae cronfa wedi ei chreu i godi 5000 at y gwaith a buasai Julie yn croesawu unrhyw gyfraniad. Mae yn bosib cysylltu ar y ffon - rhif neu drwy E-bost Ar ôl egwyl lluniaeth cafwyd disgrifiad byr o hanes gwibdeithiau'r Gymdeithas drwy'r ganrif gan Gareth Parry. Y cyntaf oedd taith i Benmon ym Mehefin 1912 o dan arweiniad y Rheithor. Wedyn bu taith i Fynydd Caergybi i weld cloddiadau W O Stanley a r trydydd i Lugwy o dan arolygiaeth y Llywydd, Arglwydd Boston. Trefnwyd rhaglen o wibdeithiau, gyda thoriad drwy'r ddwy Ryfel Byd, bob haf. Yn ystod yr amser hynny bu ymweliad a rhan fwyaf o 150, mwy neu lai, o henebion hynafol yr ynys a 44 o r 83 o eglwysi presennol, rhai ohonynt lawer gwaith a, fel arfer, o dan arweiniad pobl gwybodus. 'Roedd ambell leoliad yn anghysbell ac mae yn ddirgelwch sut yr oedd sut yr oedd aelodau yn medru mynychu rhai o r teithiau cynnar am nad oedd ffyrdd gweddus a chludiant cyhoeddus bron ddim yn bod. Mewn adroddiad o wibdaith i eglwysi Llaniestyn a Llanfihangel Din Sylwy sylwodd Arglwydd Boston bod presenoldeb gwael oherwydd
11 although there were, at one time, 201 non-conformist chapels only four were ever visited! In 1913 Lord Boston was on the defensive with the Ministry of Works, the Commission on Ancient Monuments was showing an interest in the sites on his land. The pattern of excursions changed through the 100 years. The earlier visits were mostly on Anglesey but from 1920 to 1939 they became more ambitious. There were usually three excursions a year, one being a 'Mainland' trip, mostly to the Conwy Valley and Caernarfon. The latter was popular while Mortimer Wheeler was excavating Segontium. He always welcomed members. Llanrwst was another popular destination. Following the 2 nd World War the excursions expanded to four or five a season and in 1975 weekend expeditions became a major event. There were trips to York and many other English cities of interest and some to Ireland and the Isle of Man. Often two coaches were involved and it was meticulously organized. Gareth paid tribute to Mrs Margaret Hughes for talents in this regard. - she was present at the meeting. The last such event was to Swansea in Since then there has been a dramatic drop in support, the main event now is a full day Saturday walk, sometimes on the mainland, with members using their own transport. Gareth showed a few photographs of memorable visits and then finished with a slide show of last years' excursions and our recent Plas Coch meeting. Mr Geraint Evans thanked the speakers on behalf of the members. It was another enjoyable evening. & pellenigrwydd. Fel gwrthgyferbyniad, er bod, ar un tro, 201o gapeli anghydffurfiol, dim ond 4 sydd wedi cael ymweliad. Yn 1913 'roedd yr Arglwydd Boston yn amddiffynnol gyda r Gweinyddiaeth Gwaith am fod y Comisiwn Henebion Hynafol yn dangos diddordeb yn y lleoliadau ar ei dir. Newidiodd patrwm y gwibdeithiau drwy'r can mlynedd. Yn y blynyddoedd cynnar 'roedd y rhan fwyaf ar yr ynys ond rhwng 1920 a 1939 daethant yn dipyn mwy uchelgeisiol. Fel arfer 'roedd tair gwibdaith bob blwyddyn, un ohonynt yn mynd dros y bont, y rhan fwyaf i Ddyffryn Conwy a Caernarfon. 'Roedd yr olaf yn boblogaidd tra 'roedd Mortimer Wheeler yn cloddio Segontium. 'Roedd ganddo groeso i r aelodau bob tro. 'Roedd Llanrwst yn gyrchfan poblogaidd hefyd. Ar ôl yr Ail Ryfel Byd ehangodd y rhaglen i bump o wibdeithiau ag yn 1975 daeth teithiau penwythnos yn ddiwygiad mawr. Bu teithiau i York a llawer dinas diddorol arall yn Lloegr a rhai i Iwerddon a Ynys Manaw. Yn aml 'roedd rhaid cael dwy goets roeddynt wedi ei trefnu yn ofalus iawn. Talodd Gareth deyrnged i Mrs Margaret Hughes am ei doniau yn y mater - 'roedd hi yn y gynulleidfa. Taith i Abertawe yn 2002 oedd y digwyddiad olaf. Ers hynny mae yna gwymp dramatig yng nghefnogaeth gwibdeithiau. Taith diwrnod llawn ar Ddydd Sadwrn, weithiau dros y bont, yw y prif wibdaith yn awr, gyd r aelodau yn defnyddio ei cludiant ei hun. I orffen dangosodd Gareth luniau o wibdeithiau cofiadwy ac wedyn rhai o wibdeithiau 2011 a r cyfarfod diweddar ym Mhlas Coch. Diolchodd Mr Geraint Evans i r siaradwyr ar ran y gynulleidfa. 'Roedd wedi bod yn noswaith ddiddorol arall. Edrych yn Ôl...Looking Back: One Hundred Years One of the singular enduring features of the Society is the record of the Transactions. The product of investigation into our island over the century is now the irreplaceable source for modern and future researchers. It has evolved into the present day glossy journal of learned articles with a basic pattern that was designed from the beginning. The very first publication in 1912 has a different title but contents are the same. There is the Committee, the list of members, an interim financial table and the all important list of Local Observers (now discontinued).their instructions are prominent as is a list of their first detailed observations. There are intriguing accounts of ruins which are destined to be improved, together with other features long gone. Although dubbed Interim Report it could be regarded as the first Transactions. The rest of the pamphlet is devoted to two articles. The first is a lengthy presidential address by Lord Boston, given on 12 th April, He summarizes the process of the creation of the Society. The initial membership was 175 and there was a fascinating response to expressions of interest. Out of 77, 55 favoured archaeology, 49 Welsh History, 41 the Prehistoric period, 39 birds, 38 the medieval period, 34 Literature, 34 Botany, Animals 29, Welsh art 21, Geology 18, Natural Science 17, Conchology 8 and Entomology 7. He mentioned contributions of a wall case and two book cases to be used for displays in the County School, Llangefni. He felt optimistic about archaeological investigations and he invited contributions on all the other subjects. The second article is a comprehensive account of the current view on Prehistoric Man in Anglesey, by E. Neil Baynes, F.S.A. Mr Baynes established prehistory being prior to AD61 when the first reliable Roman accounts were written down. He then outlined the geological periods, traces of man not appearing until the Quaternary, Pleistocene or Palaeolithic eras. Thereafter flint implements, cave drawings and bone carvings in ivory and deer bones were found. He did move forward into the Bronze and Iron age to mention the local finds on Holyhead Mountain and Lligwy. On discussing human remains, he listed various methods of disposal; inhumation and cremation and the patterns in all the familiar burial sites. There was a brief discussion of skull shapes, a subject beloved of the Victorians. Fragments of fabric found in some areas raised the subject of clothing. Quaintly, he described some females attired in 'Petticoats'. As well as describing garments he also reviewed the animals that were prevalent in these times. He provided a long list of references for his contemporaries to continue research. The impression left by the pamphlet is of the considerable difference between then and now. It was a period of comparative stability- the Empire and a rigid class distinction. There were few females in the list of members but the very first is Jane Adeane, niece of William Owen Stanley. From a personal viewpoint I have a link across the great gap of time. The first observer for the Holyhead area was W.B. Thomas, School Teacher. He was my primary school headmaster. AAS Centenary Excursions Summer 2012 Saturday 9 th May: 2.00 pm A Centenary visit to Lligwy. Meet at Plas Lligwy. Frances Lynch Llewellyn and Andrew Davidson will guide us at Din Lligwy and other nearby sites. Saturday 9 June: am Llaniestyn church, Din Silwy, Llanfihangel Din Silwy church and well. Park near Llaniestyn church. After visiting the church we will walk on paths to the Iron Age fort of Din Silwy where we will have our picnic. After lunch Frances will guide us round the fort, then we will descend to the church and well of Llanfihangel Din Silwy. Our guide at both churches is Rev. Neil Fairlamb. Our walk continues on paths and lanes to Llangoed with visits en route to one or two interesting houses. Arrangements will be made to get drivers back to their cars. We round off the day with an evening meal at the Bishopsgate Hotel and Restaurant, Beaumaris. Sunday 24 June: 2.00 pm Llanidan Old Church and Llanidan Hall gardens. Meet at the church. Our guides are Andrew Davidson and the Head Gardener, James Beverley. The church and gardens are being opened specially for our visit and there will be a charge of 2.50 per person. Saturday 7 July: am Ty Mawr round huts, Porth Dafarch round huts and the Penrhosfeilw standing stones. Meet at the RSPB car park opposite the Ty Mawr site. Andrew Davidson and Frances Lynch Llewellyn are our guides for the day. We will visit the Ty Mawr round huts, then have a break for lunch. We can choose to bring a picnic or eat in the RSPB restaurant near South Stack. We will then drive to the Gors Goch car park and have a circular walk on coastal paths to Porth Dafarch and Penrhosfeilw. Those who prefer not to walk, may of course drive to the sites, but parking space is limited. Saturday 1 September: pm Tregaian church and Plas Tregaian Meet at the church. After visiting the church we will walk down the drive to look at the outside of Plas Tregaian. Next Meeting...Cyfarfod Nesaf...Friday April 20 th NôsWener Oriel Ynys Môn 7.30 pm: Andrew Davidson: Wylfa- A Landscape History. A Full report will be in the next Newsletter. Bydd adroliad llawn yn y Cylchlythr nesaf. Centenary Annual General Meeting... Cyfarfod Cyffredinol Blynnyddol Canmlwyddiant Oriel Ynys Môn, 7.30: The Welsh Cottage- Dr Eurwyn Wiliam, Chairman, Royal Commission, Welsh Ancient & Historical Monuments 11
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