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JYX - Ruokailutottumusten, kehonkoostumuksen ja fyysisen aktiivisuuden yhteys kolesterolin metabolisiin profiileihin (full record)
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The aim of this Pro-gradu thesis was to evaluate changes in blood lipid metabolic profiles during one year-trial, and whether eating habits (such as energy, cholesterol and fibre intake), physical activity and body composition have taken place in the context of changes in lipoprotein profiles. In addition, the purpose was to examine the possible relationship of gender, age and body fat percentage to the above-mentioned changes. Eating habits and physical activity can influence the metabolic state of the body. Most of today's lifestyle diseases are the result of changes in the body's metabolism and its connection with the disorders. Sophisticated laboratory techniques make it possible to analyze thousands of different metabolites from the bioliquids (such as blood serum), including the lipoprotein subclasses -lipoprotein metabolic profiles. Lipoproteins have been found in nine different sizes. Studies have shown that the different size profiles and those different physical properties explains in more detail the cholesterol metabolism of a body than most commonly measured total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol/LDL-cholesterol ratio. This study involved 129 subjects (38,0±5,4 year old) from central-Finland. 54 of them were men (30-53 y.) and 74 were women (28-49 y.). Measurements, food diaries and self reported physical activity was collected in two measurement points, in the beginning and at the end of the study. Blood serum sample determined total-, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, cholesterol transport proteins Apolipoprotein-A1 and -B1 and cholesterol metabolic profiles (cholesterol subclasses) in nine different sizes. Blood samples were collected after over night fasting. In measuring points subjects body composition were also measured. Subjects recorded food diaries for four days where three of the days were business days and one day was off. Diaries were analyzed by Nutri- Flow Software. Physical activity was rated by self- assessment questionnaire, which resulted to an estimate of individual activitiy class on monthly basis. Results looked in each different variable at the beginning of the study as well as at the end point. Lifestyle changes compared to the lipoprotein profile changes. Results were analyzed in standard and non-standard models. The standardize model regarded age, gender and body fat percentage. The non-standardized model did not take into account the possible biological factors between subjects.  LDL-cholesterol was the only concentration change, which was significant +0,11±0,54 pmol (P=0.026) during the study period. Changes in explaining variables were also statistically insignificant except changes in energy intake -136±473 kcal (P=0.006) and visceral fat 14,57±33 (P<0.001). However, the change did not explain the changes in lipid profiles. The amount of intake of cholesterol found negative relationship to small –VLDL and -HDL –profile concentration changes and total cholesterol and LDL –cholesterol changes. In the non-standardized model, one percent change in cholesterol intake meant concentration change in small- VLDL profiles +0,029 pmol (P=0.028). The model explained 4.1% on the standard deviation. Relationship to concentration changes of small –HDL profiles was -1,21 pmol (P=0.008) and the disclosure of coefficient was 6.4 %. According to HDL- cholesterol group comparison, changes between cholesterol intake groups (decreased intake to increased intake) were differences between groups significant (P<0.05). Cholesterol intake access as well as total cholesterol and LDL –cholesterol concentration change was -0,001 pmol in both profiles. In the standardized model, explanation coefficient of the total cholesterol was 1.7% (P=0.023) and in the non-standardized model explanation coefficient was 3.9% (P=0.032). The total LDL-cholesterol concentration change in the standardized model explained 8.3% of total standard (P= 0.015) and non-standardized model 5.4% (P = 0.013). A significant relationship was also found between cholesterol intake and transport protein Apoliporotein -B ratio, when the change was 0 in both models. The standardized model explained 10.4% (P=0.005) of total standard model and the non-standardized model 5.9% (P=0.011) of total standard. In the standardized model, gender, body fat, and age was not a significant role in the changes that have occurred, except for the effect of age on a small VLDL -cholesterol change (P=0.025). According to this study there were no statistically significant changes in blood lipid metabolic profiles during the measuring period.No major conclusions can be made based on this study on how eating habits, physical activity and body composition are linked to the lipoprotein profile changes. Changes in life style habits were very marginal which may have limited to changes in cholesterol and lipoprotein profiles.
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Ruokailutottumusten, kehonkoostumuksen ja fyysisen aktiivisuuden yhteys kolesterolin metabolisiin profiileihin
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences
Department of Biology of Physical Activity
Aineistoon pääsyä on rajoitettu tekijänoikeussyistä. Aineisto on luettavissa Jyväskylän yliopiston kirjaston arkistotyöasemalta. Ks. https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/fi/tyoskentelytilat/laitteet-ja-tilat.
This material has a restricted access due to copyright reasons. It can be read at the workstation at Jyväskylä University Library reserved for the use of archival materials: https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/en/workspaces/facilities.
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Pro gradu -tutkielmat [24102]
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