en en en en en en en en en cs pl cs cs cs en en en en cs pl cs cs cs en en pl en cs en pl cs cs cs cs pl cs cs cs cs cs cs es cs cs en cs az cs en cs en cs cs cs pl cs cs en cs cs cs nl cs cs cs hbs_lat cs cs cs en cs en cs cs es nb pl en cs cs en cs cs en de fr en en en cs de cs en en de de en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en ru en en en en en en en en en en en en en en en hbs_lat cs hbs_lat en cs cs cs cs cs cs cs cs cs cs nb pl cs fr pl en en en en en en cs en en en fr en en it en en it en en it en en en en en en cs fa en en en
The density of liquids is an important physical parameter that plays an essential role not only in consumer protection, trade, safety and healthcare, taxation, and environmental protection but also in research and development. It is needed, for example, for the characterization of oils and fuels as well as for determination of alcohol concentration in alcoholic beverages for fiscal purposes or the determination of sugar content in non-alcoholic beverages. Knowledge of the density is also needed to quantify large amounts of liquid goods when converting a mass flow into a volume flow or vice versa.[1]
One example of a typical application is the determination of sugar content in the soft drink industry. A soft drink is considered a sugar-water solution and by density measurement the sugar content can be determined.
Concentration determination is also possible if a mixture contains several components and only one of them varies while all other ingredients are constant.
In industries like the petrochemical industry the density of a product is a very important characterization number or quality parameter. Norms including the ASTM norm define a certain density for every product, e.g. fuels, lubricating oils, or crude oils. Using density measurement these materials can be characterized and the quality of each product can be defined.
Density is also used in general as a standard parameter in professional academic research to get to know the special physical behavior of a product. In petrochemistry, scientists are used to measuring the density of gasoline at different pressures and temperatures in the laboratory to find out how it will react once injected into an engine.
Another important application of density measurement is quality control, not only in the soft drink or petrochemical industry, but also in the production of alcoholic beverages (beer, spirits, wine ), fuels (including biodiesel and bioethanol ), cosmetics, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and many more .
Whereas some products are quantified by their weight, others are filled, paid, or even taxed by their volume. A well-proven procedure is to measure the weight of a fluid product with a balance, followed by calculating the filling volume by using the density of the sample. This procedure is applied wherever the measurement of volumes is not possible, e.g. in the beverage industry, petroleum industry, or chemical industry.
The filling volume of a certain sample weight can be calculated based on the sample’s apparent density:
$$ V = { W \over \rho _{app}}$$
Equation 1: The filling volume V is defined as weight in air W divided by apparent density papp of the sample.
Countless analytical methods prevail in today’s laboratories, whether at research facilities or in industry plants. Density measurement is used to specify and describe a pure substance, but also determines concentrations of binary mixtures and therefore gives information about the composition of mixtures. It is, for example, useful during quality control or helps determine the filling volume during the bottling of a product.
H. Fehlauer and H. Wolf Density reference liquids certified by the Physikalisch-Techische Bundesanstalt Meas.Sci.Technol. 17 (2006) 2588-2592
You had already rated this article
5. Filling volume control
Pravidla ochrany osobních údajů
Mapa | Copyright 2022 Anton Paar GmbH
We use cookies on our website. Some of them are necessary (e.g. for the shopping cart), others help us make our online content better and easier for you over the long term via analysis, external media, and marketing services. We also use third-party cookies from providers in the USA like Google or Facebook if provided with your consent (Art. 49(1)(a) GDPR). Your data may be transferred to the USA which does not have a data protection level comparable to GDPR. In this case your data may potentially be accessed by US Authorities for surveillance purposes and you may not be able to exercise effective legal remedies. You can accept or reject all cookies by clicking on the respective button or define your cookie settings using the link "Customize your cookie settings".
If you reject all cookies, only technically required cookies will be used. You can also withdraw your consent at a later time by accessing the Cookie Settings.
I accept all cookies including US-providers
Only accept necessary cookies
Customize your cookie settings
Zásady ochrany osobních údajů|Právní sdělení
Here you can find an overview of all used cookies, get detailed information, and decide which cookie types to accept.
I accept all cookies including US-providers Back
Necessary cookies enable the basic functioning of the website.
Show cookie information Hide cookie information
Marketing cookies are used by third parties or publishers to show you personalized advertising. They do this by tracking which websites visitors go to.
Show cookie information Hide cookie information
We collect and combine data on our visitors and their behavior on our website. This information is used to improve the website.
Show cookie information Hide cookie information
Content from video platforms and social media platforms is blocked by default. If you accept cookies from external media, accessing these contents no longer requires giving manual consent.
Show cookie information Hide cookie information
Cookies from US-providers (0)
After being informed of potential risks for my data (including transfer to the USA and potential access by US authorities) in the Cookie Banner and Privacy Policy I accept the cookies from US-providers.