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Sulphur Input to the Niepołomice Forest: Changes during 30 Years (Southern Poland)
W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Lubicz 46, Kraków, Poland
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2003;12(2):239–244
The Niepołomice Forest, a large forest complex typical of Central European lowlands, is located near an urban-industrial agglomeration in southern Poland. During the past 20 years, SO2 emissions from industry decreased from 75,000 t yr-1 to 6000 t yr-1. Concentration of SO2 in the air, and pH, SO4 -2 concentration in bulk precipitation were measured during the last 11 years and compared with data from the 1970s. The spatial distribution of concentrations and deposition of S were calculated on the basis of 30 bulk precipitation samples in 1999-2000. Mean annual concentration of SO2 in the air was 8.25 µg m-3 in 2000, that is 2.5 times lower than during the period 1967-1978. At the beginning of the 1990s the concentration of SO2 exceeded the critical level for plants during 3% of the days over the year, and at the end of the 1990s only on single days. In 1999 and 2000 the yearly mean concentration of S-SO4 -2 in bulk precipitation in the Niepołomice Forest was 1.11 mg l-1, ranging between 0.99 and 1.27 mg l-1 in the forest complex. The yearly mean sulphur deposition (S-SO4 -2) was 8.1 kg ha-1, varying from 7.3 to 8.9 kg ha-1. The present concentrations and deposition of S-SO4 were a quarter those of 1974-1978. The spatial distribution of S deposition pointed to the influx of S compounds to the Niepołomice Forest with air masses from the west. The yearly mean pH of atmospheric precipitation was 4.64 (1999-2000), and was steady within the forest complex. In the Niepołomice Forest, atmospheric precipitation was more acid recently than in the 1970s.
Dynamics of the Taxation Characteristics of Forest Stands in the North-West of Russia
Occurrence, Characteristics, and Genetic Diversity of Azotobacter chroococcum in Various Soils of Southern Poland
Multielement Concentration in Mosses in the Forest Influenced by Industrial Emissions (Niepołomice Forest, S Poland) at the End of the 20th Century
Trace Metals in Auto and Semihydrogenic Soils Found in Three Forest Site Types of Bialowieza National Park
Simulating Ambient SO2 Dispersion Patterns and Assessing their Health Risk in a Gas Refinery
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