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Effects of Local Industry on Heavy Metals Content in Human Hair
Katarzyna Chojnacka1, Agnieszka Saeid1, Izabela Michalak1, Marcin Mikulewicz2
1Institute of Inorganic Technology and Mineral Fertilizers, Wroclaw University of Technology,
Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland
2Department of Dentofacial Orthopeadics and Orthodontics, Medical University of Wroclaw,
Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wrocław, Poland
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2012;21(6):1563–1570
In the present work hair mineral analysis of 110 individuals was carried out to determine environmental exposure based on the distance from a subject’s residence to a pollutant source. The subjects were asked to fill in a questionnaire concerning their place of living in the city of Wrocław (lower Silesia, Poland), which was divided in 12 sectors. The content of minerals in hair was determined by ICP-OES and ICP-MS technique in a laboratory certified by the Polish Centre for Accreditation and ILAC-MRA (No. AB 696). The results were elaborated statistically. Each person served as the experimental unit. Post-hoc comparisons were made by Tukey's test and the Spjotvoll/Stolin test. Results were considered significantly different when p<0.1. The differences in the content of As were statistically significant between IV-V regions (p=0.0182), IV-VII (p=0.0720), and IV-XII (p=0.0586). In the case of Cd, statistically significant differences were found between II and XII region (p=0.0377). Hair has been found to be a valuable indicator of environmental pollution in Wrocław. The highest content of Al was found in sector VII, As – IV, Cd – II, Hg – VIII, Ni – V, and Pb – IX. The explanation could be the vicinity to a heat and power generating plant and a non-ferrous metals plant or other industrial units, as well as interactions between elements in a human organism. Additionally, statistically significant differences between Ni content (p=0.0591) in hair of males and females were found. These results showed that hair mineral content reflected exposure to elements from the environment.
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