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Business Employment Dynamics ×
CURRENT PRESS RELEASE (HTML)
CURRENT PRESS RELEASE (PDF)
ARCHIVED BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS RELEASES
BDM DATA FILES AND CHARTS
National firm size data
Size of change data
National 3-digit NAICS Sector Data
Establishment Age and Survival Data
Business Employment Dynamics is a set of statistics generated from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages program. These quarterly data series consist of gross job gains and gross job losses statistics from 1992 forward. These data help to provide a picture of the dynamic state of the labor market.
Data in the next release, published on Wednesday, October 26, 2022, will incorporate annual revisions to the BED series. Annual revisions are published each year with the release of first quarter data. These revisions will cover the last two years of not seasonally adjusted data and five years of seasonally adjusted data
Effects of COVID-19 on Business Employment Dynamics
Data from the 2021 Business Response Survey to the Coronavirus Pandemic are available at www.bls.gov/brs/.
Research data available from the Business Employment Dynamics program
2017 Research Data on the Nonprofit Sector
Research Data on Business Employment Dynamics by Age and Size
Entrepreneurship and the U.S. Economy
BDM Data Files and Charts
Gross job gains 9.6 million and gross job losses 6.7 million in the 4th quarter of 2021
In the fourth quarter of 2021, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments were 9.6 million. Gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments were 6.7 million.
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Quarterly Data on Business Employment Dynamics (HTML) (PDF) — this release includes updates for the private sector as a whole and for firm size classes.
Quarterly Data From BLS on Business Employment Dynamics by State (TXT) (PDF) — State-level Business Employment Dynamics.
Firm Size Class Quarterly Data (HTML) (PDF) — this initial release of firm size class data includes analysis of data series that begin in 1992.
County Employment and Wages (HTML) (PDF)
Subscribe to the BLS News Service — receive the Quarterly Data on Business Employment Dynamics news releases by e-mail.
Archived Business Employment Dynamics Releases (1st Quarter, 2003 forward)
Business Employment Dynamics (BDM)
Series Report —Already know the series identifier for the statistic you want? Use this shortcut to retrieve your data.
Flat files FTP Site —For those who want it all. Download a flat file of the entire database or large subset of the database.
BDM Data Files and Charts
National firm size data
Size of change data
National 3-digit NAICS sector data
Establishment Age and Survival Data
Justin McIllece and Vinod Kapani, "A Simplified Approach to Administrative Record Linkage in the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages".
Akbar Sadeghi, Carol Leming, James Spletzer, and David Talan, “The Role of Younger and Older Business Establishments in the U.S. Labor Market.” August 2010 Issues in Labor Statistics
Jessica Helfand, “All firm sizes hit hard during the current recession.” March 2010 Issues in Labor Statistics
Sheryl L. Konigsberg, James R. Spletzer, David M. Talan, “Business employment dynamics: tabulations by size of employment change.” April 2009 Monthly Labor Review
Akbar Sadeghi, “The births and deaths of business establishments in the United States.” December 2008 Monthly Labor Review
Zhi Boon, Charles M. Carson, R. Jason Faberman, and Randy E. Ilg, “Studying the labor market using BLS labor dynamics data.” February 2008 Monthly Labor Review
Amy E. Knaup and Merissa C. Piazza, “Business Employment Dynamics data: survival and longevity, II” September 2007 Monthly Labor Review
Sheryl Konigsberg, “The Geospatial Distribution of Employment: A New Visual Asset.” March 2007 Monthly Labor Review
Jessica Helfand, Akbar Sadeghi and David Talan, “Employment Dynamics: Small and Large Firms Over the Business Cycle.” March 2007 Monthly Labor Review
Cordelia Okolie, “Why Size Class Methodology Matters in Analyses of Net and Gross Job Flows.” July 2004 Monthly Labor Review
James R. Spletzer, R. Jason Faberman, Akbar Sadeghi, David M. Talan, and Richard L. Clayton, “Business Employment Dynamics: New Data on Gross Job Gains and Losses.” April 2004 Monthly Labor Review
Joshua Pinkston and James Spletzer, “Annual Measures of Job Creation and Job Destruction Created from Quarterly Microdata.”
Timothy R. Pivetz, Michael A. Searson, and James R. Spletzer, “Measuring Job and Establishment Flows with BLS Longitudinal Microdata.” April 2001 Monthly Labor Review
BDM Frequently Asked Questions
What are Business Employment Dynamics?
How are Business Employment Dynamics data calculated?
What are the sources of Business Employment Dynamics?
What is the scope of Business Employment Dynamics?
What is not included in Business Employment Dynamics?
What are the differences between Business Employment Dynamics data and Current Employment Statistics (CES) and the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), or ES-202, program data?
What is the difference between Business Employment Dynamics and the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)?
What is the reference period?
How is the net change in employment measured?
How are the rates for gross job gains and losses calculated?
How are establishments linked over time?
What is seasonal adjustment?
How are Business Employment Dynamics seasonally adjusted?
Are the Business Employment Dynamics data from a survey?
What are the uses of Business Employment Dynamics data?
Firm Size Class Data: Questions and Answers
All BDM FAQs »
The release of First Quarter 2022 Business Employment Dynamics data will incorporate annual revisions in accordance with standard procedures. However, the release scheduled for October 26, 2022 will include two years of not seasonally adjusted data, along with the customary five years of seasonally adjusted data. This temporary procedural change is to amend spikes in the openings and closings series for the education and health services sector in Washington caused by an administrative change
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages — a quarterly count of employment and wages reported by employers covering 98 percent of U.S. jobs, available at the county, metropolitan area, state and national levels by industry.
Employment, Hours, and Earnings from the CES survey (National) — monthly national data by detailed industry on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments.
Employment, Hours, and Earnings from the CES survey (State and Area) — monthly data on employment, hours, and earnings by industry and geographic area.
OECD Statistics Brief: Measuring Entrepreneurship —by Mariarosa Lunati, Jeroen Meyer zu Schlochtern and Gueram Sargsyan, November 2010
Wage and Hour Division of the Employment Standards Administration: Frequently Asked Questions —Answers to questions about wages, overtime, work hours, recordkeeping, and child labor.
U.S. Small Business Administration
Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics
2 Massachusetts Ave, NE
Contact BDM by email
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9,576,000 in 4th Qtr of 2021
1,517,000 in 4th Qtr of 2021
8,059,000 in 4th Qtr of 2021
6,697,000 in 4th Qtr of 2021
1,133,000 in 4th Qtr of 2021
5,564,000 in 4th Qtr of 2021
Number of establishments gaining jobs:
2,511,000 in 4th Qtr of 2021
369,000 in 4th Qtr of 2021
2,142,000 in 4th Qtr of 2021
2,018,000 in 4th Qtr of 2021
305,000 in 4th Qtr of 2021
1,713,000 in 4th Qtr of 2021
Historical Data News Release
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