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A headless browser is a browser without a graphical user interface (GUI). Instead of controlling the browser's actions via its GUI, headless browsers are controlled programmatically using the command line interface (CLI).
In essence, a headless browser is a type of software that can access webpages without presenting it the actual web page graphically to the user and can pipe content of the webpages to another program. Unlike a normal browser, nothing will appear on the screen when you start up a headless browser since the programs run in the backend.
But why would one want to control the browser without the GUI?
Why do we need headless browser?
A headless browser is a great tool for automated testing and server environments where you don't need a visible UI shell. Some examples are listed below:
Search engines use headless browser to render pages, generate dynamic content, and index data from Single Page Application (SPA).
SEO tools use headless browser to analyze websites and make suggestions on how to improve it.
Monitoring tools use headless browser to monitor JavaScript execution time in web apps for performance diagnosis