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Chiles 11. september < Socialistisk Bibliotek
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Te Danish Labour Movement and Marxism 1885-1920
PFLP – “Mod imperialisme, zionisme og arabiske reaktionære”
Fireburn – Har vi glemt Danmarks største arbejderopstand?
H.C. Andersen – i en progressiv vinkel
Coup of September 11, 1973. Bombing of La Moneda (presidential palace). Author: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile. (CC BY 3.0 CL). Source: Wikimedia Commons
Den 11. september 1973: Militærjunta under ledelse af general Pinochet – og støttet af USA – vælter den socialistiske præsident Allende i Chile, og myrder ham. En blodig undertrykkelse starter. Kuppet får stor betydning for venstrefløjen i Europas strategiske diskussioner, bl.a. for den såkaldte eurokommunisme.
Chile (Leksikon.org). 19 printsider; om Allende-tiden + kuppet 4 sider.
Tidsdoku. Chiles 11. september: Historien om et blodigt militærkup. Af Alfred Lang (Autonom Infoservice, 10. september 2018/2003; opdateret 11. september 2019).
“For 33 år siden borede datoen 11. september sig for første gang dybt ind i verdensoffentligheden. Den dag i 1973 gennemførte Chiles militær et blodigt kup, der blev støttet af USA’s regering. Drømmen om en fredelig vej til socialisme var slået fejl.”
Også online på Konfront.dk (10. september 2020) + i lettere rev. udgave på Solidaritet.dk: 11. september: Historien om et blodigt militærkup i Chile (11. september 2022).
Chile 40 år efter kuppet: ‘Det kan ske igen’. Af Andreas Bülow (Modkraft.dk, 11. september 2013)
“Der er gået fyrre år, men Jorge M. Carvajal husker det tydeligt: Militærfanfaren i radioen, talerne om fædrelandet, soldaterne der bevogtede gaderne.”
“Det må aldrig ske igen” (pdf). Af Dorte Ellesøe Hansen (Arbejderhistorie, nr.3, 2013, s.72-80). Om Arbejdermuseet & ABA særudstilling af egne plakater fra det danske støttearbejde til fordel for Chile.
Chile 1973: Ingen fredelig vej til socialisme. Af Martin Hammer (Socialistisk Information, 8.9.2013; tidligere bragt i 2003).
“Unidad Populars regering var et forsøg på en demokratisk og fredelig overgang til socialisme. Kuppet i Chile definerede spørgsmålet: Kan vi stemme os til socialisme?”
DR-chef forsvarer højrefløjsdiktatur. Af Ole Wugge Christiansen (Modkraft.dk, 30. september 2010)
“DR-chef med ansvar for tv-serien ‘Jagten på de røde lejesvende’, Morten Hesseldahl, har forståelse for Chiles tidligere diktator Augusto Pinochet, som han roser for ‘brutalt fokus på udviklingen af et liberalistisk marked’.”
Fortidens synder IV: Da Chile fik en nødvendig ‘overgangs-regering’. Af Ulrik Dahlin (Information, 29. august 2008). 5 printsider.
“Selv om det er ‘utilfredsstillende’ og et tragisk ‘overgreb’, at Chiles generaler i september 1973 styrter landets folkevalgte præsident, forstår Danmarks to store borgerlige aviser nødvendigheden af kuppet. Bare det bliver en kortvarig affære …”
9-11 … i Chile 1973. Af Alfred Lang (Modkraft.dk, 11. september 2006). 9 printsider, med filmhenvisninger.
“11. september 1973 druknede drømmen om en fredelig vej til socialisme i blod.”
Salvador Allende, January 1972. Photo: Photographer Unknown. Collection: Brazilian National Archives Accession number. Public Domain/Arquivo Nacional. Source: Wikimedia Commons
Et folks tragedie. Af Mike Gonzales (Socialistisk Revy, nr.8, oktober 1998, s.13-15)
“Chiles venstreorienterede regering – et eksperiment i demokratisk socialisme – blev brutalt smadret af et militærkup for 25 år siden. Mike Gonzales kigger på, hvad der gik galt og hvorfor.”
Chile 1973: Arbejderregeringen væltes – konsekvensen af en arbejderregering uden et klart socialistisk program. Af Michael Styrk (Revolution, 12. oktober 2003)
Læren af Chile (1979). Del 1-3. Af Alan Woods (Revolution, 10. september 2003). Del 2 (17. oktober 2003) + Del 3 (24. marts 2004). 44 printsider i alt.
“I dag 40 år efter borgerskabets kup i Chile, er det stadigt lærerigt at tage et kig på fortidens erfaringer. Dette dokument blev oprindelig skrevet i 1979, men analysen er mindst lige så relevant i dag som den var i 1979.”
Chile – enden på den parlamentariske vej til socialismen. Af Ian Birchall og Chris Harman (Proletar! nr. 6, november 1973, s.6-13)
“Mange såkaldte marxister har påstået, at den borgerlige stat i moderne tid kan ændres ved hjælp af ‘fredelige’ reformer, i hvert fald i lande med en stærk parlamentarisk tradition. Det var præcis de argumenter, Allende og kommunistpartiet førte i marken i Chile.”
Chile (Kurasje, nr.5-6, 1972, 183 s.)
“Det primære sigte med dette [tema]nummer er at formidle en baggrundsinformation, som – omend utilstrækkeligt – skulle kunne muliggøre en mere klar forståelse af den proces, der i disse år er i gang i det chilensiske samfund.”
Texter om utvecklingen i Chile (Marxistarkiv.se)
U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger with Pinochet in 1976. Source: Archivo General Histórico del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores ([1]). Author: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Chile. (CC BY 2.0 CL). Source: Wikimedia Commons
Video: Ken Loach Chile 1973 september 11 (swe sub) (10:53 min.) (see below)
Te Pinochet precedent (Transnational Institute, 1999)
Salvador Allende (1908-1973) (Marxists Internet Archive). Key speeches 1970-73.
Te workers who seized te means of production. By Oren Schweitzer (Jacobin, August 25, 2022)
“During te height of Salvador Allende’s socialist government in Chile, workers began to take over their factories and assert their right to live free of those who had oppressed them for generations.”
Salvador Allende’s brief eksperiment in radical democracy in Chile began 50 years ago today. By Sasha Lilley (Jacobin, September 4, 2020). An interview with Marian Schlotterbeck: “Socialist leader Salvador Allende became Chile’s president fifty years ago today. Allende’s election inaugurated a unique eksperiment in radical democracy that was cut short by Augusto Pinochet’s brutal US-backed coup.”
What Salvador Allende feared. By Rossana Rossanda (Jacobin, September 11, 2019)
“On September 11, 1973, Chile’s socialist president Salvador Allende was overthrown in a CIA-backed military coup. In this 1971 interview, published in English for te first time, Allende expressed his fears of internal destabilization and US interference.”
Allende in Chile today. By Noam Titelman (Jacobin, September 11, 2019)
“Nearly five decades after te coup that overthrew leftist president Salvador Allende, te Chilean left is starting to rebuild power. But it still wrestles with te legacy of te bloody defeat of Allende’s democratic revolution.”
A thousand days of democracy (Jacobin, September 11, 2018)
An interview with Marian Schlotterbeck: “Te violent overthrow of Salvador Allende on September 11, 1973 brought to a brutal close a thousand days of popular participation and radical democratic ferment.” + Allende’s last speech (ibid.).
Chile’s revolutionary left movement under Allende and Pinochet. By Doug Enaa Greene (Links: International Journal of Socialist Renewal, August 6, 2016)
“About te Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria (Movement of te Revolutionary Left, MIR), Chile’s small Guevarist organization.”
Fifty years since its founding: A history of te Movement of te Revolutionary Left (MIR) (Viewpoint Magazine, September 24, 2015)
“Fifty years ago, te Movement of te Revolutionary Left (MIR) was born, a political force that marked te history of te Chilean and Latin American left. Franck Gaudichaud provides a brief introduction to this story.”
Salvador Allende: Revolutionary democrat. By Laurence Goodchild (Links: International Journal of Socialist Renewal, August 5, 2014). Review of Victor Figueroa Clark’s biography (Pluto Press, 2013, 176 p.): “While detailing a vivid account of Salvador Allende’s life, Clark also provides a much needed historical context to Allende’s leadership of te Popular Unity government, and addresses his political strategy in a manner that is highly relevant to te contemporary ‘pink tide’ in Latin America.”
Building a revolutionary Left in Chile: Te MIR, Popular Unity, and Chile’s prerevolutionary moment (International Socialist Review, Issue 91, Winter 2013-14, p.94-113)
“On September 11, 2013, Victor Toro spoke to Orlando Sepúlveda about te foundation of te MIR, te Popular Unity period, te role of revolutionaries during those years, and prospects for Chilean elections, scheduled in November 2013.”
Salvador Allende: Revolutionary Democrat. By Adam Tomes (Counterfire, 24 November 2013). Review of Victor Figueroa Clark’s book (Pluto Press, 2013, 164 p.)
“This biography of Salvador Allende raises te question of whether he was a reformist or a revolutionary, and what can be learned from his brief period in office.”
Looking back at popular power 1970-1973 (International Viewpoint, Issue 465, October 2013)
“Franck Gaudichaud has just published two books, Chili 1970-1973: Mille jours qui ébranlèrent le monde (Presses universitaires de Rennes/IDA, Coll. Amériques, 2013), and, Venceremos! Analyses et documents sur le pouvoir populaire au Chili (Editions Syllepse, Paris, 2013). He was interviewed on 27 August 2013 by Jan Malewski.”
Te coup that crushed democracy in Chile (SocialistWorker.org, September 11, 2013)
“Forty years ago on September 11, Chile’s military, backed by te U.S., carried out a coup against te government of socialist Salvador Allende. Lance Selfa tells te story.”
40 years since te coup in Chile: lessons to learn. By Ken Olende (Socialist Worker, Issue 2370, 10 September 2013)
“Augusto Pinochet’s neoliberal eksperiment began 40 years ago in Chile after a coup. He is celebrated by te right but workers could have beaten him.”
Te other 9/11. By Neil Faulkner (Counterfire, 9 September 2013)
“Te history of Chile between 1970 and 1973 has rich lessons to teach … It concerns te realities of power when te stakes are this high.”
Apologising for te Chilean coup. By Nathaniel Mehr (International Socialism, Issue 126, Spring 2010). Review of Alistair Horne, Kissinger’s Year: 1973 (Orion Books, 2009) + Grace Livingstone, America’s Backyard (Zed Books, 2009)
New documents link Kissinger, Bush senior to Letelier assassination. By Patrick Martin (World Socialist Web Site, 20 April 2010)
“Documents released last week by te National Security Archive, which has played a valuable role in uncovering evidence of te crimes of American imperialism in Latin America, provide new details on te role of top US officials in facilitating te assassination of former Chilean foreign minister Orlando Letelier.” See also Te National Security Archive
Strange Defeat: Te Chilean Revolution, 1973 – Pointblank! By Mike Harman (Libcom.org, Jul 22, 2007)
“Instead of blaming te right and te CIA for te coup like most commentators on te left, Pointblank! point out te role that Allende and te parties of te left played in demobilising te powerful working class.”
Born in te USA: Pinochet’s blood bath. By David Edwards (MediaLens, December 19, 2006)
“Is te suppression of evidence of te US role in Chile’s bloodbath an irrelevant one-off?”
Augusto Pinochet: te tyrant who served te system. By Mario Nain (Socialist Worker, Issue 2031, 16 December 2006)
“Chilean socialist Mario Nain was thrown in prison when Augusto Pinochet took power in his 1973 coup. He writes on te welcome death of a dictator.” Med link i bunden.
Pinochet, Chile’s former US-backed dictator, dead at 91. By Bill Van Auken (World Socialist Web Site, 11 December 2006)
“At te time of his death, Pinochet was facing some 300 criminal complaints related to te murder, torture and kidnappings carried out by his regime.”
Te atrocities of Gen. Augusto Pinochet and te United States. By Roger Burbach (NACLA, 2006)
“As te proceedings against Pinochet advanced, reports of US complicity in te coup and te repression began to surface, particularly about te role of Kissinger.”
Chile 1973: Te other 11 September. By Ian Birchall (Socialist Review, No.277, September 2003, p.20-21)
“Thirty years ago te left wing government of Chile was drowned in blood. Ian Birchall tries to draw lessons from te tragedy.” Norsk oversættelse: Chile 1973: det andre 11. september (Gnisten, nr.7, 8.10.2005)
Chile: Te state and revolution. By Tom Lewis (International Socialist Review, Issue 6, Winter 1999)
“Te coup of September 11, 1973, represented te final act in a drama whose end was largely determined by te unwillingness of Popular Unity to abandon te parliamentary road in favor of te revolutionary road to socialism at three key junctures throughout te last year of Allende’s government.”
A people’s tragedy. By Mike Gonzalez (Socialist Review, No.222, August-September 1998, p.18-20)
“Te left government in Chile-an eksperiment in democratic socialism-was brutally crushed by a military coup 25 years ago this month. Mike Gonzalez looks at what went wrong and why.”
Te Chile coup: Te U.S. hand. By Peter Kornbluh (IF magazine, November/December 1998)
“Newly declassified U.S. government records put Washington’s role in te Chilean coup in sharper focus than ever before. Te papers also shed light on corners of te story that previously had been suspected, but not proven. Te documents describe how an angry Nixon demanded a coup, if necessary, to block te inauguration of Marxist Salvador Allende following his victory in te 1970 Chilean elections.”
Te left and te coup in Chile. By Mike Gonzalez (International Socialism, Issue 22, Winter 1984, p.45–86)
“… te left, te potential revolutionary leadership, was trapped within te bourgeois state by its allegiance to a politics of reform which it often amended but never confronted.”
Lessons of Chile 1973. By Alan Woods (In Defence of Marxism, 11 January 1979)
“Te arrest of former Chilean dictator Pinochet in London has generated a lot interest about Chile. We take advantadge of this opportunity to publish a document written in 1979 by Alan Woods analysing te history of Chilean labour movement and specially te period of te socialist coalition government of Allende.”
Te coup in Chile. By Ralp Miliband (Socialist Register, 1973, p.451-474)
“Chile has … forced upon many people on te Left some uncomfortable reflections and questions
about te ‘strategy’ which is appropriate in Western-type regimes for
what is loosely called te ‘transition to socialism’.”
See also: Te other September 11: ‘Te Battle of Chile’, Patricio Guzmán’s classic documentary (Links: International Journal of Socialist Renewal, September 11, 2013). Uploaded on te 40th anniversary of US-backed General Augusto Pinochet’s bloody coup against te socialist government of Salvador Allende.
Kuppet i Chile – og den danske venstrefløj. Af Morten Lassen (Informations Forlag, 2015, 432 s.). Se: Et før og efter for den danske venstrefløj, af Kristian Villesen (Information.dk, 5. september 2015) + uddrag fra bogen: “Jeg var jo i den forstand terrorist” (ibid.) + anmeldelse af Svend Vestergaard Jensen: Kuppet i Chile (Socialistisk Information, 3.10.2015), også online på Modkraft.dk (19.10.2015) + anmeldelse af Morten Thing (Arbejderhistorie, nr.1, 2016, s.176-177).
Chile – kampen for demokrati. Af Kai Rasmussen (Frydenlund, 2010, 141 sider). Se kildetekster og links på His2rie.dk.
Klassekamp bag kulisserne: hvorledes borgerskabet inddæmmer revolutionen og bekæmper de revolutionære. Af DDVs dokumentationsgruppe (Forlaget Demos, 1977)
Chile – om den fredelige overgang til socialismen. Redaktion ved Elna Bering mfl. (Politisk Revy, 1974, 224 sider)
Erfaringen fra Chile: En antologi om muligheden for fredelig overgang til socialisme. Redaktion ved Ellen Brun mfl. (Gyldendal, 1974, 201 sider)
Den chilenske evolution, det fascistiske diktatur og kampen for at styrte det og skabe et nyt demokrati. Beretning af generalsekretær Luis Corvalán ved Chiles kommunistiske Partis Centrakomitémøde i august 1977 (Forlaget Tiden, 1978, 121 sider)
Chile (Kurasje, nr.5-6, 1972, 183 sider). Temanummer om Chile: “Det primære sigte med dette nummer er at formidle en baggrundsinformation …”. Med dokumenter: Unidad Popular’s program + MIR’s svar til UP.
Régis Debray: Samtaler med Allende: Socialisme i Chile (Fremad Fokusbøger, 1972, 145 sider). Svensk udgave: Samtal med Allende (pdf) (Rabén & Sjøgren, 1971, 235 sider; online på Marxistarkiv.se)
Some victims’ faces of te Chilean dictatorship (years 1973-1990). Date: 5 February 2017. Author: Carlos Teixidor Cadenas. (CC BY-SA 4.0). Source: Wikimedia Commons
Chile 7. september 1986: Attentatet på kupgeneralen Augusto Pinochet. Af Inge K. Hansen og Alfred Lang (Autonom Infoservice, 6. september 2022)
“I starten af 1986 beslutter den chilenske modstands- gruppe ‘Frente Patriótico Manuel Rodríguez’ (FPMR)  at gennemføre et attentat på general Augusto Pinochet.  Lederen af militærkuppet mod den venstreorienterede regering under præsident Salvador Guillermo Allende, d. 11. september 1973.”
Da Pinochet inviterede nyliberalismen. Af Alex Fuentes (Socialistisk Information, 19. september 2013)
“Nobelpristageren Milton Friedmans lærlinge, de såkaldte ‘Chicago Boys’, indførte efter militærkuppet nyliberalismens ‘fagre nye verden’. For første gang skulle modellen afprøves på et land.”
Den glemte 11. september. Af Morten Lassen (Politiken, 11. september 2013)
“Chiles 11. september gav anledning til et politisk engagement i Danmark. Kunne det ske i dag?”
Chile 40 år efter kuppet. Af Inge K. Hansen og Alfred Lang (Autonom Infoservice, 10. september 2013)
“Mens erindringen om tiden op til militærkuppet i Chile d.11. september 1973, under den myrdede præsident Salvador Allende, fortoner sig, så lever diktatoren Augusto Pinochets arv videre.”
44 years ago today, Chilean socialist Orlando Letelier was assassinated on US soil. By Alan McPherson (Jacobin, September 21, 2020)
“On September 21, 1976, Orlando Letelier, a former minister in Salvador Allende’s socialist government in Chile who was forced into exile after te US-backed coup that brought General Augusto Pinochet to power, was assassinated by a car bomb in te heart of Washington, DC.”
Chile in te time of te dictator. By Orlando Sepúlveda (International Socialist Review, Issue 53, May–June 2007). 10 printed pages.
“An analysis of Chile after Pinochet’s coup and te struggle to revive te popular democracy he brutally strangled.”
Photographer Leonardo Henrichsen filming his death (Video, Youtube, 2:03 min.)
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