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Af Ayman Abdel Aziz Al-Bailey 27. april 202127. april 2021
‘Bar Ankh’ is te name by which our pha­ra­o­hs ance­stors knew te school and its mea­ning is te hou­se of life… In te mea­ning lies te value and con­tent that te school car­ri­es and te role it plays in te life of socie­ty, but te ance­stors’ inte­r­e­sts in te school rea­ched te point of cal­ling it ‘te hou­se of life’, mea­ning that educa­tion end sci­en­ce is about life…
Archa­e­o­lo­gi­cal discove­ri­es have proven te exi­sten­ce of schools in dif­fe­rent areas throug­hout anci­ent Egypt, as te­re was a school aro­und te (Rames­se­um) temp­le and ano­t­her in te city mona­ste­ry in te Te­bes Ceme­te­ry (Luxor), and in te city establis­hed by Akhe­na­ten (Tell el-Amar­na area in Minya gover­nora­te) te archa­e­o­lo­gi­sts found te ruins of te Dar al-Hay­at school and it was made up of two buil­dings. A school was discove­red in te city of Ain Shams, a school of medi­ci­ne in Sas, a school in Aby­dos, in Tel Bas­ta, and other educa­tio­nal and moral valu­es were taught in te Pha­ra­o­nic School.
Scri­bes wri­ting te tel­ly of sla­ve tribute
Over­look­ing what was men­tio­ned in te Pha­ra­o­nic papy­ri that te archa­e­o­lo­gi­sts found (unfortu­na­te­ly, they are now in many famous muse­ums of te wor­ld, and te­re are not many of them in Egypt). We note that te ori­gin of te establis­h­ment of te school is to teach te child or stu­dent a set of moral and educa­tio­nal valu­es, which are te basis for buil­ding a nor­mal per­so­na­li­ty side by side with lear­ning to write.
It is based on te idea that te­re is no value for know­led­ge wit­hout ethi­cs. Rat­her, te pha­ra­o­hs made their sages into te ance­stors of wri­ting, know­led­ge and wis­dom (and te god Jahou­ti and te god­dess Shath for books and libra­ri­es). Te sages of te Pha­ra­o­hs with their wis­dom and sayings through te suc­ces­si­ve times of te Pha­ra­o­nic rule, cre­a­ted basic refe­ren­ces for tea­ching educa­tio­nal valu­es in te Pha­ra­o­nic school, and te­re are many examp­les of that.
Among them is te text of te papy­rus that Annie wro­te to his son, which is a proven refe­ren­ce for tea­ching in te schools of anci­ent Egypt.
Do not be mean or intru­si­ve. When you are in someone’s hou­se and see or hear somet­hing, remain silent.
Do not reve­al it to any­o­ne. Do not be tal­ka­ti­ve and be care­ful in your words, becau­se te destruction of a per­son is in his tongue. Do not rely on others’ money.
If you were brought up and taken as a wife gift, remem­ber your mot­her, for she car­ri­ed you for a long time, and after your bir­th her breast was in your mouth for three years. She was not dis­gu­sted by your filth. After you ente­red school, she remai­ned caring for you.
Do not eat whi­le ano­t­her is stan­ding near you wit­hout rea­ching your hand with te bre­ad to him. Don’t be too heavy on your belly.
Do not make your­self te boss of your wife at home. Get to know her and help her.
Do not sit whi­le an older per­son stands, even if you are of hig­her stan­ding.
If you have lear­ned anyt­hing, then what is it?
Then comes te son’s respon­se to his father:
I wish I was like you and fol­low your advi­ce. Your words make my heart hap­py, and my mind under­stands them.
Look­ing at tho­se tips that were taught in te anci­ent Egyp­ti­an school, we find a set of valu­es that were implan­ted in te Egyp­ti­an per­so­na­li­ty … In light of all te histo­ri­cal chan­ges that have occur­red with te pas­sa­ge of many peop­le through our land (some­ti­mes in war and occu­pa­tion, some­ti­mes in pea­ce and eco­no­mic rela­tions) te Egyp­ti­an per­so­na­li­ty has pre­ser­ved what it owns and inhe­rits in terms of morals and behavi­o­rs that pre­ser­ved te balan­ce of Egyp­ti­an socie­ty and te rela­tions­hips of its members.
Te educa­tio­nal role of te tea­cher in te Pha­ra­o­nic School
It seems not only for te tea­cher to teach wri­ting to te stu­dent in te anci­ent Egyp­ti­an school. Te­re is a papy­rus that te tea­cher wro­te for te stu­dent: It was repor­ted to me that you neg­lected your stu­di­es and that you are playing in te road… Then te tea­cher con­vey­ed his per­so­nal expe­ri­en­ce and said to te stu­dent: When I was a boy like you, I stay­ed in te temp­le not leaving it for three months…
Te­re are also te tea­chin­gs of Imno­bi by his son Hor Mak­ho, which were found in 1922. It inclu­des a rea­ding class and exerci­se in schools. It revol­ves aro­und doing good and te rules of straight behavi­or, and lite­ra­tu­re… And exhorta­tion to vir­tue and te glo­ri­fi­ca­tion of humi­li­ty and for­bid­ding te impulsi­vi­ty and uni­ty of anger. She wro­te a pra­cti­cal con­sti­tu­tion for life, explai­ning te duty of te employ­ee and urging him to be fair and hone­st in his work, loy­al to it. Tole­rant, away from fraud, te value of te school as an essen­ti­al cen­ter for lear­ning and knowledge.
Among te prescri­bed mate­ri­als for schools aro­und 1300 BC, are te tea­chin­gs of Khi­ti Dauwuf by his son Pepi, which are two papy­ri pre­ser­ved in te Bri­tish Muse­um. In it he said to his son:
Not­hing is hig­her than books. A per­son who wal­ks after others does not achie­ve suc­cess. I wish I could make you love books. Te­re is no pro­fes­sion wit­hout a head except that of a wri­ter. He is te boss him­self. A day you spend in school is bene­fi­ci­al for you. Don’t let bad words come out of your mouth. Be con­vin­ced of your food even if it does not suf­fi­ce to satis­fy your sto­mach. Resist that fee­ling, and what I advi­se you to do, put it in front of you and your children.
Te king Emi­nem­hat I, te tea­cher, was a gre­at king who left writ­ten advi­ce to his son Senus­ret. Most copies of te­se instructions were writ­ten down by school­chil­dren in te family in which he said: Listen to what I tell you until te coun­try improves. And good is achie­ved. Bewa­re of your subor­di­na­tes. I plan­ted whe­at and loved Naber te god of grain, and no one felt hungry during my time…
Te Egyp­ti­an histo­ri­an Salim Has­san sta­ted: Te school means “te hou­se of life” and stu­dents used to learn wri­ting and anci­ent lite­ra­tu­re in it and teacher‘s cor­rection are on te mar­gins of te papy­rus. All in all, Egyp­ti­ans were inte­r­e­sted in pre­pa­ring te pupil to master spel­ling and to give him an over­view of all that sur­ro­unds him.
Bil­led­kil­der: Al-ain.com , Givemehistory.com
Ayman Abdel Aziz Al-Bailey
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