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Thermo-Mechanical Treatment (TMT) of Non-Ferrous Alloys: Part One :: Total Materia Article
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Thermo-Mechanical Treatment (TMT) of Non-Ferrous Alloys: Part One
Te TMT process combines heat treatment (thermo) and plastic deformation (mechanical) to effectively influence grain refinement and help create a material with improved characteristics.
Specific effects of te TMT process include increased hardness, decrease in electrical conductivity and much improved distribution of alloying elements.
Thermo-mechanical treatment (TMT) is a kind of strengthening method which combines plastic deformation with heat treatment. It can refine te grains effectively, change te aging decomposition characteristics make te dispersion strengthening exceed te phase hardening strengthening. It can also restrain te recrystallization and increases te dislocation density for te alloy so that te titanium alloy obtains high strength and satisfactory ductility-toughness thus improving te fatigue strength, creeps rupture strength, thermal strength and corrosion resistance. However, compared with te traditional deformation process, te microstructure mechanism during TMT may be much more complex, which mainly in te restoration mechanism will change according to te base metal (BM) characteristics such as te initial microstructure (rolling, annealing state) and physical characteristics (mainly stacking fault energy). Te stacking fault energy (SFE) is known to strongly influence te hot deformation behavior of metallic materials. These are te primary restoration mechanisms in deformation and heat treatment, including dynamic recovery, discontinuous dynamic recrystallization and continuous dynamic recrystallization and so forth.
One research investigated te influence of deformation on te properties of aged EN AW-6060 and EN AW-6082 alloys (T9 temper). Deformation was conducted using cold rolling at relatively small deformation degrees compared with te other studies. According to te results obtained, te following conclusions can be drawn:
• Te applied TMT has a significant impact on te mechanical and structural properties of te investigated alloys. A greater influence of TMT is achieved in te EN AW-6082 alloy that contains more alloying elements.
• Te hardness and microhardness gradually increase with te deformation degree after aging (T9 temper). Te hardness slightly increases from 95 HV10 for te aged EN AW-6060 samples to 100 HV10 after te aging and 40-% deformation. This increase is more evident for te EN AW-6082 alloy where te hardness increases from 124 HV10 in te aged state to 150 HV10 after te 50-% deformation. Te relative increase in te microhardness of te deformed samples relative to te aged ones was 17.3 % (from 110 HV0.1 to 129 HV0.1) for te EN AW-6060 alloy and 29.4 % (from 146 HV0.1 to 189 HV0.1) for te EN AW-6082 alloy.
• Te electrical conductivity of te aged samples gradually decreases with an increase in te applied deformation. Te relative decrease in te electrical conductivity of te deformed samples relative to te aged ones is 5.42 % for EN AW-6060 and 8.39 % for EN AW-6082.
• Te matrix of te investigated alloys is covered with finely dispersed particles of te metastable B" phase. Te ratio of Mg:Si in te metastable B" phase in deformed samples is closer to te ideal, indicating a positive effect of te deformation on te distribution of alloying elements.
• Maps of te element distribution in te post-deformed state show excellent homogeneity and distribution of te elements. Te clustering of iron, nickel and silicon atoms is noticed while magnesium and silicon are uniformly distributed within te matrix.
1. Yan Han, Fei Zhao Yuan Liu, Chaowen Huang: Quantitative Relationships between Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Ti17 Alloy after Thermomechanical Treatment, Metals 2020, 10, 67; doi:10.3390/met10010067;
2. U. Stamenković et al.: Influence of thermomechanical treatment on te properties of commercial aluminium alloys from te 6000 series, ISSN 1580-2949, MTAEC9, 54(4), 2020, p.489-494;
3. H. Jafari, M.H. Idris, A. Ourdjini, G. Payganeh: Effect of thermomechanical treatment on microstructure and hardness behavior of AZ63 magnesium alloy, Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.) Vol.22 No.6, December 2009, p. 401-407.
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Heat treatment diagrams covering hardenability, hardness tempering, TTT and CCT can all be found in te standard dataset.
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