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medieval Latin scholars accept and discuss the heavenly witnesses
Start date Apr 26, 2019
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This is part of the Decretals (which should have their own section)
(PL 8 0568C) EDICTUM CONSTANTINI AD SILVESTRUM PAPAM.( Conc. t. I, p. 1530.)
Pater Deus, Filius Deus, et Spiritus Sanctus Deus, et tres unum sunt in Iesu Christo
Last edited: Sep 5, 2022
Moneta da Cremona (nacido en Cremona, alrededor del año 1180 y muerto después del año 1238) fue un religioso dominico e inquisidor.
At least two full verse uses!
There might be author notes mixed in, Stephanus is mentioned.
Venerabilis patris Monetae... Adversus Catharos et Valdenses libri quinque, quos ex manuscriptis codd... nunc primum edidit, atque illustravit P. Fr. Thomas Augustinus Ricchinius,... (1743)
2412. Moneta Cremonensis - Persée
NOTES ON SOME ANTIHERETICAL WRITINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY (1967)
Last edited: Jul 3, 2021
Peter Abelard (1079 –1142) - Abaelardus
Witness of God has mostly folks writing contra Peter Abelard doctrine:
William of Saint-Thierry ... came across the writings of Peter Abelard, whose Trinitarian theology and especially Christology William found to be in error and dangerous to Christian faith. He wrote his own work against Abelard and alerted others about these concerns, urging St. Bernard to act. As a result, Abelard was condemned by the Council of Sens in 1140 or 1141. ... Bernard assisted at the Second Council of the Lateran. He subsequently denounced the teachings of Peter Abelard to the pope, who called a council at Sens in 1141 to settle the matter
(quote) (William of Saint-Thierry, Dissertation against Peter Abelard, chapter 4; Translated by Sarah Van der Pas, correspondence, September 2020)
RGA - p. 51
find it quoted by mediaeval writers such as .... Peter Abelard (1079-1142),92
Theologia christiana, CCCM 12:271 (possibly drawing on Facundus, Pro defensione trium capitulorum I.3);
Theologia “Summi boni”, CCCM 13:160.
Last edited: Jun 29, 2021
Peter of Blois - (c. 1135 – c. 1211) Petrus Blesensis - Biesensis
Petrus Blesensis (1135-1212 AD)
Contra perfidiam Iudaeorum. PL 207, col 0834B
Sermones. PL 207, col 0639B
Petrus Blesensis, Contra perfidiam Iudaeorum, 207, 0834B
Ioannis evangelistae qui in sinu Salvatoris coelestis sapientiae fluenta potavit verba haec sunt: Tres sunt qui testimonium dant in coelo: Pater, Verbum et Spiritus sanctus, et hi tres unum sunt .
Petrus Blesensis, Sermones, 207, 0639B
Ideoque ille discipulus, qui de pectore Christi familiarius, et plenius coelestis scientiae fluenta potaverat, sacramenta trinitatis et unitatis in Deo manifestissime declarabat, cum diceret: Tres sunt qui testimonium dant in coelo, Pater, Verbum, et Spiritus Sanctus: Et hi tres unum sunt .
Peter Cellensis - (b. in Troyes c. 1115;[1] d. at Chartres, 20 February 1183) Benedictine
Peter of Celle, Peter of Celles, Pierre de Celle and Peter de la Celle,
Petri Abbatis Cellensis primum, deinde S. Remigii apud Remos, ac demum episcopi Carnotensis opera omnia (1671)
RGA - p. 57
quoted by mediaeval writers such as ... Petrus Cellensis (1115- 1183),89
89 Petrus Cellensis, Tractatus de tabernaculo I.7, PL 202:1079
Last edited: Jun 29, 2021
Robert Pullen (surname also rendered as Polenius, Pullan, Pullein, Pullenus, Pullus, Pully, and La Poule) (c. 1080 – c. 1146) was an English theologian and official of the Roman Catholic Church, often considered to be one of the founders of Oxford University.
Cardinal Robert Pullen. An english theologian of the 12th century
Robertus Pullus, Sententiae, 1, CAPUT II. Contra idololatriae errorem unus tantum Deus est.  >> CAPUT IV. Invariabilis Deus qualitatibus et accidentibus non est subiectus
Sed si unus est Deus testante Moyse, Audi, Israel, Dominus Deus tuus unus est (Deut. VI, 34) ; quomodo est tres, iuxta illud: Tres sunt qui testimonium dant in coelo Pater, et Filius, et Spiritus sanctus, et hi tres unum sunt (Ioan. I, 5, 7) . Ergo unum id est. Deus, est hi tres. Horum autem trium singulus est Deus bonus, sapiens; quare non tres dii boni, sapientes, sed unus? Sicut horum trium Abrahae, Isaac et Iacob, quisque singulatim est homo bonus, sapiens. (0676D) Similiter autem tres homines boni sapientes non unus. Unam in Deitate substantiam, docente Domino, Ego et Pater unum sumus (Ioan. X) , confitemur. Quomodo ergo tres personae? aut si tres personae, cur non totidem substantiae, sed tantum una? In creaturis enim unitatem substantiae comitatur identitas personae, diversitatemque personarum, multiplicitas sequitur substantiarum. Petrus ut una est substantia, ita et persona, Petrus Iacobus et Ioannes, sicut sunt tres personae, ita et substantiae.
Last edited: Jul 3, 2021
Radulfus Ardens (d. 1200 AD) - Raoul - ( Radulphus Ardens, Raoul Ardent )
Radulfus Ardens (Raoul Ardens) (died c. 1200) was a French theologian and early scholastic philosopher of the 12th
century. He was born in Beaulieu, Poitou. He is known for his Summa de vitiis et virtutibus or Speculum universale
(universal mirror). It is in 14 volumes and is a systematic work of theology and ethics. In his time, he was celebrated as a
preacher, and a large number of his sermons survive. (continues)
The Origins of the University: The Schools of Paris and Their Critics, 1100-1215 (1985)
Stephen C. Ferruolo -
The History of the Variations of the Protestant Churches (1836) originally c. 1700
A Defence of the Trinitarian System
Thesaurus catholicus in quo controversiae fidei.. (1599)
Biblia Novi Testamenti Illustrata: In Quibus Emphases vocum ac mens dictorum genuina, è fontibus, contextu, & analogia Scripturae eruuntur: II. Versiones praecipuae cum Graeco textu, vindicata ubique huius sinceritate, conferuntur: III. Expositiones cum veterum tum recentiorum interpretum expenduntur, veriores Patrum ipsorummet, B. Lutheri, & aliorum Theologorum propriis verbis stabiliuntur: IV. Dubia textualia, Historica, Genealogica, & alia, expediuntur: V. Contradictiones apparentes discutiuntur: VI. Quaestiones variae, Theoreticae & Practicae, solvuntur: VII. Loca Cllassica pleraque ex professo tractantur: VIII. Corruptelae Haereticorum, & aliorum luculenter retunduntur: IX. Grotianae depravationes, & pseudermeneias iusto examini sistuntur & exploduntur; Adeoque Id Imprimis Sedulo Agitur, Ut Unicus Literalis Scripturae Sensus Undiquaque Adseratur, Et Confirmetur, Praemissis librorum singulorum praeloquiis, & partitionibus, nec non capitum quorumvis argumento, & distributione, insertis etiam, ex vvoto Eruditorum, Annotatis Grotii Universis ...
http://www.mlat.uzh.ch/MLS/xfromcc....itle=HOMILIA LIV. DOMINICA PRIMA POST PASCHA.
- HOMILIA LIV. DOMINICA PRIMA POST PASCHA.
Et non tantum spiritus hoc testificatur, imo etiam tres idem testificantur. Quoniam tres sunt qui testimonium dant in caelo: Pater, Verbum, et Spiritus sanctus. Hi enim tres testificantur in Iordane, et in monte Thabor, quia Christus est verus Deus. Et hi tres unum sunt, non tantum in testimonio, sed etiam in essentia. Et tres sunt qui testimonium dant in terra, quod Christus sit verus homo, spiritus, aqua et sanguis, videlicet spiritus humanus, et aqua, et sanguis qui fluxerunt de latere Christi. (1864A) Et hi tres unum sunt, subaudis in testimonio, et ideo credendum testimonio eorum, Si testimonium, inquit, hominum accipimus, secundum quod scriptum est in lege: Ut in ore duorum vel trium stet omne verbum (Deut. XIX) : testimonium Dei, quod maius est, accipere debemus.
"thabor quia Christus est verus Deus"
The Witness of God is Greater
● [Sermon 54] For the Holy Ghost, which is in the form of a dove came upon him, and it is the Holy Spirit that is sent by Him is on the apostles: "the Spirit bears witness, because the Spirit is the truth," that is, the true God, and the human spirit which Christ gave up in his passion, even beareth witness, because "the Spirit is the truth", that is, Christ was true human being. If indeed he was a true man, would he not have an actual spirit and actual flesh? (1863d) In fact, there are also three that bear witness to the same thing. "For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit." (1 John 5:7) These are three witness: [three] in Jordan [when Jesus was baptized], and [three] on Mount Tabor [Moses and Elijah with Jesus], because Christ is true God. "And these three are one", not only in testimony, but also in essence. "And there are three that bear witness in earth", as Christ is a true human, by “the spirit, the water and the blood”; the human spirit, and the water and blood that flowed from the side of Christ. (1864) "And these three are one", is understood from the testimony and therefore we must believe their testimony, "if testimony", he says, "we accept from men", according to what is written in the law, "in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word shall stand." (Dt. 19): "the witness of God is greater", we must accept it. (Radulfus Ardens, Sermon 54, First Sunday after Easter)
○ Latin: Spiritus quippe sanctus, qui in specie columbae venit super eum, et qui ab ipso missus est super
apostolos, testificatur quoniam Christus est veritas, id est verus Deus, et spiritus humanus, quem emisit in
passione, testificatur, quoniam Christus est veritas, id est verus homo. Nisi enim verus homo esset,
verum spiritum et veram carnem non haberet. (1863D) Et non tantum spiritus hoc testificatur, imo etiam
tres idem testificantur. “Quoniam tres sunt qui testimonium dant in caelo: Pater, Verbum, et Spiritus
sanctus”. Hi enim tres testificantur in Iordane, et in monte Thabor, quia Christus est verus Deus. Et hi
tres unum sunt, non tantum in testimonio, sed etiam in essentia. “Et tres sunt qui testimonium dant in
terra”, quod Christus sit verus homo, “spiritus, aqua et sanguis”, videlicet spiritus humanus, et aqua, et
sanguis qui fluxerunt de latere Christi. (1864A) “Et hi tres unum sunt”, subaudis in testimonio, et ideo
credendum testimonio eorum, “Si testimonium”, inquit, “hominum accipimus”, secundum quod
scriptum est in lege: “Ut in ore duorum vel trium stet omne verbum” (Deut. XIX) : “testimonium Dei, quod
maius est”, accipere debemus.
(Radulfus Ardens, Homilia LIV, Dominica Prima Post Pascha; Migne Latina, PL 155.1864)
Last edited: Jun 30, 2021
Rabanus Maurus Magnentius (c. 780 – 4 February 856), also known as Hrabanus or Rhabanus
A reference to v. 8, earthly witnesses. No terra.
RGA - p. 44
Hrabanus Maurus (c. 780-856), archbishop of Mainz, likewise moves systematically through the passage in question but does not include the comma, a circumstance that suggests strongly that it was not in his lectionary. Like Bede (one of his principal sources), Hrabanus only hints at a Trinitarian reading of verse 8.59
59 Hrabanus Maurus, Homilia XVII, PL 110:174-175.
Some later Latin writers employ the phrase with a deliberate lack of grammatical agreement of number or gender, a kind of catachresis or synesis apparently intended to reflect the paradox of the doctrine. Thus we find Marius Victorinus, Augustine and Isidore of Seville citing the phrase in the form tria unum.28 We also find Augustine and Quodvultdeus citing this phrase in the more explicitly theologised form hæc tria unus deus [est].29
29 Augustine, De catechizandis rudibus XXV.47, CCSL 46:171 (cf. PL 40:343): “[…] æqualitatem Patris et Filii et Spiritus sancti, et ipsius Trinitatis unitatem, quomodo sint hæc tria unus Deus […].” This passage is cited by Hrabanus Maurus, De ecclesiastica disciplina I, PL 112:1212. ... Quodvultdeus
Mentioned in 1999 book with Nicholas de Lyra by Klaus Reinhardt
"referred repeatedly to the biblical historian Peter Comestor as well as to Rabanus or Hrabanus Maurus (c. 780-856), the one non-patristic exegete Erasmus followed in his paraphrase of the parable of the tares; the Carolingian scholar Alcuin (c. 730-804) is quoted once.49
Witness of God is Greater - brief mentions
Codex Sangallensis 83 (circa 850-860)
Haymo, bishop of Halberstadt (d. 853 AD)
Last edited: Sep 4, 2022
Smaragdus of Saint-Mihiel - (c. 760 – c. 840)
First he quotes the verse, but in his own commentary the verse is omitted.
Smaragdi .. Opera omnia: ex variis editionibus nunc primum in unum collecta -
Collectiones in epistolas et evangelia
- EPISTOLA PRIMA BEATI IOANNIS APOSTOLI, CAP. V
« Omne quod natum est ex Deo, vincit mundum. Et haec est victoria quae vincit mundum fides nostra. Quis est autem qui vincit mundum, nisi qui credit, quoniam Iesus est Filius Dei. Hic est qui venit per aquam et sanguinem Christus Iesus. Non in aqua solum, sed in aqua et sanguine. (0277A) Et spiritus est qui testificatur, quoniam Christus est veritas. Quoniam tres sunt qui testimonium dant in coelo, Pater, Verbum et Spiritus sanctus, et hi tres unum sunt, qui testimonium dant in terra, spiritus, aqua et sanguis, hi et tres unum sunt. Si testimonium hominum accipimus, testimonium Dei maius est. Quoniam hoc est testimonium Dei quod maius est, quoniam testificatus est de Filio suo. Qui credit in Filium Dei, habet testimonium Dei in se. »
The Witness of God is Greater
[Historical Context] Smaragdus' Letter to Pope Leo III. After the Council of Aachen (809 AD) had sanctioned
the Filioque ["and from the Son"] addition to the Ecumenical Creed and had presumably given imperial sanction to
Theodulf's De Spiritu Sancto and perhaps also to the Libellus de Processione Spiritus Sancti, Charlemagne
sought papal approval of his Council. He therefore commissioned Abbot Smaragdus (d. 840) to write an
introductory letter to Pope Leo III (795-816) explaining the decision of the Council of Aachen. Smaragdus was
also commissioned to head a Frankish delegation to Rome. Smaragdus begins his letter to Pope Leo III, written in
the name of Charlemagne, with a description of the recent controversy on the procession of the Holy Spirit. ...In
his appeal to patristic authority, Smaragdus quotes from the pseudo-Athanasian corpus, from Cyril of Alexandria,
from Ambrose, and from Augustine's Contra Maximinum and De Trinitate. Smaragdus concludes that "fed on
the statements of the Divine books and overwhelmed by the weight of many Orthodox witnesses, no
unfriendly person can resist the truth." (Migne Latina, PL 98.929) (Haugh, Photius and the Carolingians: The
Trinitarian Controversy, 1975, p. 79 & 81)
Last edited: Jun 30, 2021
Thomas of Perseigne - Thomas of Cîteaux, Thomas Cisterciensis, Thomas the Cistercian, Thomas of Vancelles (died c.1190)
Interesting, but no real heavenly witnesses HIT.
(PL 69 1026C) CAPUT XLVIII. Quod, expulso Meletio, Euzoius Arianus Antiochiae sit ordinatus episcopus.
Last edited: Jun 30, 2021
Moved to Speculum thread.
Last edited: Jul 4, 2022
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