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Paschasius Radbertus (c. 790-860) - "correct text" - also debate with Ratramnus on eucharist and transubstantiation | Pure Bible Forum (and see www.sinaiticus.net )
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Paschasius Radbertus (c. 790-860) - "correct text" - also debate with Ratramnus on eucharist and transubstantiation
Start date Jun 24, 2021
.... Two of his contemporaries opposed the view of Radbert, namely, Rabanus Maurus and Ratramnus (qq.v.), both of whom were Augustinian. The former took offense at the transformation of the elements into the historical body of Christ, denying that the mystery identified the sacramental with the historical body. A great many followed along the lines marked out by Radbert, among whom, of the ninth century, were Florus Magister, subdeacon of Reims, Hincmar of Reims, Remigius (qq.v.), and Pseudo-AIcuin.
Writing in the earlier medieval era, the uses by Radbertus of the heavenly witnesses were totally overlooked in the verse debate!
Newton - Paschasius an omitter
Samuel Davidson apparently called him an omitter (Paschasius).
De Corpore et Sanguine Domini: An Essay on the Eucharistic Presence (2016)
In the 9th century, a controversy erupted at the abbey of Corbie when a monk named Paschasius Radbertus wrote treatise called De Corpore et
Sanguine Domini (On the Body and Blood of the Lord). In it, he elucidated an early version of what would later be known as the doctrine of
Transubstantiation. This sparked off a debate over Eucharistic theology, as his ideas were criticized by many theologians of his day, including John Scotus Erigena, Raban Maur, Gottschalk, and Ratramnus. Of these, Ratramnus is the most notable, He responded to Radbertus with a treatise of his own, also titled De Corpore et Sanguine Domini. Interestingly, he observes at the beginning of it that there was no consensus on Eucharistic theology in his day. He writes:
1 Ratramnus, On The Body and Blood of the Lord, trans. W. R. Whittingham (Baltimore, MD: Joseph Robinson, 1843), 22 (§ 2).
Hugh Houghton - The Latin New Testament - p. 93
A commentary on Matthew by Paschasius Radbertus, abbot of Corbie in the first half of the ninth century, combines patristic scholarship with a renewed focus on the biblical text.70
Contreni, John J. (2012).‘The patristic legacy to c. 1000.’In Marsden and Matter 2012: 505–35
Last edited: Jun 24, 2021
The Witness of God is Greater
Paschasius Radbertus (785–865 AD)
Saint Paschasius Radbertus (785–865 AD) was a Carolingian theologian and the abbot of Corbie, a monastery in Picardy founded in 657 or 660 by the queen regent Bathilde with a founding community of monks from Luxeuil Abbey. His most well-known and influential work is an exposition on the nature of the Eucharist written around 831, entitled De Corpore et Sanguine Domini. ... Ratramnus wrote a refutation of Paschasius' treatise on the Eucharist, De Corpore et Sanguine Domini, using the same title. (continues)
● [Exposition in Matthew] But why does He yield the Spirit, whom He had provided others, but because
He is dead? Yet if this would be the only thing, and nothing more wonderful had appeared in Him, never
would the Apostle say: “Because there are three who give testimony on earth.” So that in Christ,
because He is God, is Spirit, blood and water. The Spirit surely, whom He yields, and blood and water
in His own dead body, hidden by Him in the sacrament against human nature, which flow out for our
(Paschasius Radbertus, Exposition of Matthew, book twelve; Translated by Jeroen Beekhuizen, correspondence, April 2020)
○ Latin: Quod si hoc solum esset, et nihil ultra in eo mirabile appareret, nunquam Apostolus
diceret, quia tres sunt qui testimonium dant super terram (I Ioan. V, 7), utique Christo quia
Deus est, spiritus, sanguis, et aqua. Spiritus prorsus quem emisit, et sanguis et aqua, ipso
mortuo quae de latere eius contra naturam humanam in sacramento redemptionis nostrae
(Paschasius Radbertus, Expositio in Matthaeum. Liber XII; Migne Latina, PL 120.967)
[Translator] When commenting on Matthew 27:54 “Now when the centurion, and they that were with
him, watching Jesus, saw the earthquake, and those things that were done, they feared greatly, saying,
Truly this was the Son of God.” He makes the remark that the best mark of Jesus divinity was the
yielding of his spirit (Matt. 27:50), which also was the chief thing that made the centurion
exclaim these words. Comparing it to Mark 15:39 “And when the centurion, which stood over against
him, saw that He so cried out, and gave up the ghost, he said, Truly this man was the Son of God.” This
is the context for Paschasius' commentary. (Jeroen Beekhuizen, correspondence, April 2020)
● [Exposition of Psalm 44] So he said that the King God the Father, from whom are all things, wanting
to make a wedding for his King Son, through whom are all things, would declare his nuptial love in the
same way, and also the Holy Spirit, who maintains all things. But unlike the inheritance so excellent and
so large which he shows in this love, he does not name the bride, except through this sacrament of
faith, that she believes perfectly in God the Trinity of the unity, and the unity of the Trinity. Which are
one in majesty and one in dominion and one in will. For which reason in this nuptial love, as
witnesses like in a document of dowry, Three are subscribing, Father and Son and Holy Spirit.
As also John the Apostle says that there are three on earth giving their testimony to this
mystical gift, Spirit, water and blood, and as is also found in the corrected codices: And there
are Three who give testimony in heaven (it is evident) Father and Son and Holy Spirit, and these
(Paschasius Radbertus, Exposition of Psalm 44, book 2; Translated by Jeroen Beekhuizen, correspondence, April 2020)
○ Latin: Dicebat enim, ut rex Deus Pater ex quo omnia, volens facere nuptias Filio suo regi, per
quem omnia, declararet in hoc eodem carmine nuptiali, etiam Spiritum sanctum, qui continet
omnia. Alias autem talis tantaque haereditas quae in hoc carmine monstratur, non attitulatur
sponsae, nisi per hoc fidei sacramentum, ut perfecto credatur Deus Trinitas unitatis, et unitas
Trinitatis. Quorum una maiestas, unumque regnum, et una voluntas. Qua de causa in hoc
carmine nuptiarum, testes quasi in libello dotis, tres ascribuntur Pater, et Filius, et
Spiritus sanctus. (1023C) Sic itaque ait Ioannes apostolus, quod tres sint in terris qui
testimonium dant pro his mysticis muneribus, Spiritus, aqua et sanguis, et sicut in
emendatioribus codicibus invenitur etiam: Et tres sunt qui testimonium dant in coelis,
videlicet, Pater, et Filius, et Spiritus sanctus, et hi tres unum sunt (I Ioan. V, 7).
(Paschasius Radbertus, Expositio in Psalmum XLIV. Liber 2; Migne Latina, PL 120.1023)
[Translator] When commenting on Psalm 45:1 (Vulgate 44:2) “My heart brings up a good word; I
speak my things of a King. My tongue is the pen of a ready writer.” He explains the meaning of the
Psalmist that a good word refers to Christ, the Father’s Word, and proves this with scripture.
Then he explains that the Psalmist refers to the Holy Spirit as his tongue, pointing to his staying on the
Apostles as a fiery tongue on Pentecost. This is the context for Paschasius' commentary.
(Jeroen Beekhuizen, correspondence, April 2020)
[Translator] I've translated 'emendatioribus codicibus' as 'corrected codices'. It could also be
translated 'amended codices'. It's not entirely clear if he thinks the longer version is better or
the shorter. But it is clear that he is aware of differences in the codices. And also that on a
theological level he completely agrees with the content of the verse(s) [I John 5:7,8]. And I tend
to think that Paschasius prefers the longer version, which is why he adds 'videlicet' - 'how
clear!' to his quote.
(Jeroen Beekhuizen, correspondence, April 2020)
Last edited: Jun 24, 2021
(Grantley places his thoughts upon Radbertus! Oops. Jerome claimed to emend, correct, the text because there were those who omitted the verse, and Radbertus would be familiar with that history.)
http://www.mlat.uzh.ch/MLS/xfromcc.php?tabelle=Paschasius_Radbertus_cps2&rumpfid=Paschasius_Radbertus_cps2, Expositio in Psalmum XLIV, 2&id=Paschasius_Radbertus_cps2, Expositio in Psalmum XLIV, 2, 187&level=99&level9798=&satz=187&hilite_id=Paschasius_Radbertus_cps2, Expositio in Psalmum XLIV, 2, 187&string=CALAMUS&binary=&corpus=&target=&lang=0&home=&von=suchergebnis&hide_apparatus=1&inframe=1&jumpto=187
... Paschasius Radbertus (c. 790-860), who noted that the comma was only to be found in those codices with a more correct text—in other words, those into which the comma had been inserted by later correctors.104
SA: This is an example of the unscholarly, tacky writing of Grantley McDonald
104 Paschasius Radbertus, Expositio in Psahnum XLIV, CCCM 94:47:
“Sic itaque ait [lohannes] apostolus quod tres sint in terris qui testimonium dant pro his mysticis muneribus Spiritus aqua et sanguis. Et sicut in emendatioribus codicibus inuenitur etiam: Et tres sunt qui testimonium dant in coelis uidelicet Pater et Filius et Spiritus sanctus et hi tres unum sunt.” (continues) Alioquin in conscientia virginis, ac si in libello foederis, nisi tres isti ascribuntur testes, nulla penes Deum consequetur haereditas, quae Graece kλnpovouίa vocatur.
Last edited: Jun 24, 2021
RGA - p. 42
We also find the credal phrase hæc tria unus deus in other Frankish sources, suggesting more strongly that it had enjoyed a particular popularity as a credal phrase in the Frankish territories: Ratramnus Corbeiensis, Contra Græcorum opposita romanam ecclesiam infamantium (written 868) III.3, PL 121, 281-283 (paraphrasing Augustine, Sermo 52 [De verbis Evangelii Matthæi 3:13-17] 10.23, PL 38, 364): “Non est enim illa Trinitas, quæ est summa et immobilis essentia, id est Deus, memoria, intelligentia, dilectio, ut hæc tria sint Pater et Filius et Spiritus sanctus, tanquam Pater memoria, Filius intelligentia, et Spiritus sanctus dilectio; sed solus Pater hæc tria sit, et Filius similiter hæc tria, Spiritus quoque sanctus hæc tria pariter […]. Nec enim quemadmodum imago Trinitatis hujus habet illa tria, id est memoriam, intelligentiam, dilectionem, et propterea in una persona Trinitas est, non quod unus homo sit trinitas, sed quod in uno homine sint illa tria; ita est in illa summa Trinitate: sed tres personæ sunt Pater et Filius et Spiritus sanctus, sed hæc tria unus Deus, et propterea Trinitas unus Deus.”
Last edited: Jun 24, 2021
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