Jaku Czech

{{Infobox language
| name             = Czech
| nativename       = {{lang|cs|čeština}}, {{lang|cs|český jazyk}}
| pronunciation    = 
| states           = [[Republik Czech]]
| ethnicity        = [[Bansa Czech]]
| speakers         = [[jaku keterubah|L1]]: {{sigfig|9.612710|2}} juta
| date             = 2012
| ref              = e27
| speakers2        = [[jaku kedua|L2]]: {{sigfig|2.708500|2}} million (2012)<ref name=e27/><br/>Total: {{sigfig|12.321210|2}} million (2012)<ref name=e27/>
| speakers_label   = Pejaku
| familycolor      = Indo-Eropah
| fam2             = [[Jaku-jaku Balto-Slavik|Balto-Slavik]]
| fam3             = [[Slavic languages|Slavic]]
| fam4             = [[West Slavic languages|West Slavic]]
| fam5             = [[Czech–Slovak languages|Czech–Slovak]]
| dia1             = [[Dialek Bohemia|Bohemia]]
| dia2             = [[Moravian dialects#Central Moravian|Central Moravian]]
| dia3             = [[Moravian dialects#Eastern Moravian|Eastern Moravian]]
| dia4             = [[Lach dialects|Lach]]
| script           = {{plainlist|
*[[Latin script]] ([[Czech alphabet]])
*[[Czech Braille]]}}
| nation           = {{plainlist|
* [[Republik Czech]]
* [[Serakup Eropah]]}}
| minority         = {{plainlist|
* [[Austria]]<ref name=COE>{{Cite web | url=http://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/148/declarations?p_auth=63PpH3zN |title = Full list |publisher=Council of Europe}}</ref>
* [[Bosnia enggau Herzegovina]]<ref name=COE/>
* [[Croatia]]<ref name=COE/>
* [[Poland]]<ref>Ministry of Interior of Poland: Act of 6 January 2005 on national and ethnic minorities and on the regional languages</ref>
* [[Romania]]<ref name=COE/>
* [[Slovakia]]<ref name=COE/>}}
| agency           = [[Institut Jaku Czech]]<br>(ari [[Akademi Sains Republik Czech]])
| iso1             = cs
| iso2b            = cze
| iso2t            = ces
| iso3             = ces
| ietf             = cs<ref name=IANA>[https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry IANA language subtag registry], retrieved October 15, 2018</ref>
| lingua           = 53-AAA-da < [[West Slavic languages|53-AAA-b...-d]]<br>(varieties: 53-AAA-daa to 53-AAA-dam)
| notice           = IPA
| map              = 
| mapcaption       = 
| ancestor         = [[Proto-Balto-Slavic]]
| ancestor2        = [[Proto-Slavic]]
| ancestor3        = [[Jaku Czech Lama]]
}}

'''Jaku Czech''' ( /tʃɛk/ CHEK; {{Langx|cs|čeština}} [ˈtʃɛʃcɪna]), nitihka sejarah mega dikelala enggau nama '''Jaku Bohemia'''<ref name="brit">{{cite web|title=Czech language|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/149048/Czech-language|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=6 January 2015}}</ref> ({{Langx|la|lingua Bohemica}}), iya nya jaku Slavik Barat ari raban Czech–Slovak, ditulis ngena urup Latin.<ref name="brit" /> Dikena lebih 12 juta iku orang nyengkaum orang ke ngena jaku kedua, jaku tu nyadi jaku rasmi [[Republik Czech]]. Jaku Czech bekaul rat enggau jaku Slovak, nyentuk ngagai tikas saling meretika ti tinggi, pia mega enggau [[jaku Poland]] ke ngundan tikas ti kurang agi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Swan |first=Oscar E. |title=A grammar of contemporary Polish |publisher=Slavica |date=2002 |isbn=0893572969 |location=Bloomington, Ind. |page=5 |language=en |oclc=50064627}}</ref> Jaku Czech nya jaku fusional enggau sistem morfologi ti kaya sereta atur leka jaku ti fleksibel. Leka jaku iya udah mayuh ngambi kuing [[jaku Latin]] enggau [[Jaku Jereman|Jereman]].

Raban Czech-Slovak mansang dalam jaku Slavik Barat ba timpuh abad tengah ti tinggi, lalu standardisasyen jaku Czech enggau Slovak dalam kontinum dialek Czech-Slovak nyadi ba timpuh moden pemungkal. Ba ujung abad ke-18 ngagai tengan abad ke-19, standard tulis moden nyadi dikod dalam konteks Pengangkat Nasional Czech. Varieti ukai standard ti pemadu mayuh dikena, dikelala enggau nama Czech Biasa, bepelasarka jaku vernakular [[Praha]], tang diatu disebut nyadi interdialek ba serata mayuh kandang endur Bohemia. Dialek Moravia ke dikena ba Moravia enggau Silesia Czech jauh bemacham ari dialek Bohemia.<ref name="rejzek">{{Cite book |last=Rejzek |first=Jiří |title=Zrození češtiny |publisher=Univerzita Karlova, Filozofická fakulta |date=2021 |isbn=978-80-7422-799-8 |location=Prague |pages=102, 130 |language=cs}}</ref>

Jaku Czech ngembuan inventori fonem ti sederhana pemesai, ti mungkur sepuluh iti monoftong, tiga iti diftong enggau 25 iti konsonan (dibagi ngagai kategori "keras", "neutral" enggau "lembut"). Leka jaku tau ngundan perugan konsonan ti mar tauka nadai vokal sama sekali. Jaku Czech ngembuan trill alveolar ti diangkat, ti dikelala nyadi fonem dalam sekeda jaku bukai aja, ti diarika grafem ''ř''.

== Agih geografi ==
[[Fail:Vojvodina_rusyn_croatian_czech_map.png|alt=Map of Vojvodina, a province of Serbia, with Czech in official use in one southeastern municipality|thumb| Pengawa rasmi ngena jaku Czech ba Vojvodina, Serbia (bechura biru muda)]]
Jaku Czech dikena urung 10 juta iku peranak [[Republik Czech]].<ref name="Cerna 2007 26">{{Harvnb|Cerna|Machalek|2007|p=26}} </ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Naughton|2005|p=2}} </ref> Pansik Eurobarometer ke digaga ari bulan Januari nyentuk ke Mac 2012 tetemuka jaku keterubah ke dikena 98 peratus peranak Czech iya nya jaku Czech, iya nya jaku ketiga pemadu mayuh ba penyampau tubuh ba [[Serakup Eropah]] (di belakang [[Gerika]] enggau [[Hungari]]).<ref name="eu">{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_en.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622051915/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_en.pdf|archive-date=2012-06-22|url-status=live|publisher=[[Eurobarometer]]|title=Europeans and Their Languages|date=June 2012|access-date=July 25, 2014}}</ref>

Nyadi jaku rasmi Republik Czech (kaban [[Serakup Eropah]] kenyau ari taun 2004), jaku Czech nyadi siti ari jaku rasmi EU lalu pansik Eurobarometer 2012 tetemuka jaku Czech nyadi jaku luar ke pemadu suah dikena di Slovakia.  Pakar ekonomi Jonathan van Parys ngumpul data pasal penemu jaku di Eropah ungkup Hari Jaku Eropah 2012. Lima bengkah menua ke pemadu mayuh ngena jaku Czech iya nya [[Republik Czech]] (98.77 peratus), Slovakia (24.86 peratus), [[Portugal]] (1.93 peratus), [[Poland]] (0.98 peratus) enggau [[Jereman]] (0.47 peratus).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://languageknowledge.eu/languages/czech|publisher=Language Knowledge|title=Language knowledge in the European Union|date=2012|last=van Parys|first=Jonathan|access-date=July 23, 2014}}</ref>

Orang ke bejaku Czech di Slovakia mayuh diau ba mengeri. Laban jaku nya jaku minoriti ke diaku di Slovakia, peranak Slovakia ke semina bejaku Czech tau berandau enggau perintah ngena jaku sida ngena chara ke sama baka orang ke bejaku Slovak di Republik Czech mega.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://alppi.vedeckecasopisy.cz/publicFiles/00131.pdf|title=Language Policy of Slovak Republic|last=Škrobák|first=Zdeněk|publisher=Annual of Language & Politics and Politics of Identity|access-date=July 26, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726095459/http://alppi.vedeckecasopisy.cz/publicFiles/00131.pdf|archive-date=July 26, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Chunto teks ==
Artikel 1 ari ''Deklarasyen Sedunya Hak Asasi Mensia'' dalam jaku Czech:

: ''Všichni lidé rodí se svobodní a sobě rovní co do důstojnosti a práv. Jsou nadáni rozumem a svědomím a mají spolu jednat v duchu bratrství.''<ref>{{cite web|title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights|website=unicode.org|url=https://unicode.org/udhr/d/udhr_ces.html|access-date=2022-01-07|archive-date=2022-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107193320/https://unicode.org/udhr/d/udhr_ces.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Artikel 1 ''Deklarasyen Sedunya Hak Asasi Mensia'' dalam Jaku Iban:

: ''Semua mensia ada bibas sereta sama dalam basa enggau hak.'' ''Sida diberi penemu enggau pengasai ati lalu patut ngereja pengawa ngagai pangan diri enggau semengat menyadi.''

== Nota ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Penyanding ==

* {{Cite book |last=Agnew |first=Hugh LeCaine |title=Origins of the Czech National Renascence |date=1994 |publisher=[[University of Pittsburgh]] Press |isbn=978-0-8229-8549-5}}
* {{Cite book |last=Dankovičová |first=Jana |title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association |date=1999 |publisher=International Phonetic Association/Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-63751-0 |edition=9th |chapter=Czech}}
* {{Cite book |last=Cerna |first=Iva |title=Beginner's Czech |last2=Machalek |first2=Jolana |date=2007 |publisher=[[Hippocrene Books]] |isbn=978-0-7818-1156-9}}
* {{Cite book |last=Chloupek |first=Jan |title=Studies in Functional Stylistics |last2=Nekvapil |first2=Jiří |date=1993 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |isbn=978-90-272-1545-1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Eckert |first=Eva |title=Varieties of Czech: Studies in Czech Sociolinguistics |date=1993 |publisher=Editions Rodopi |isbn=978-90-5183-490-1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Esposito |first=Anna |title=Analysis of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication and Enactment: The Processing Issues |date=2011 |publisher=Springer Press |isbn=978-3-642-25774-2}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hajičová |first=Eva |title=Prague Studies in Mathematical Linguistics |date=1986 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing |isbn=978-90-272-1527-7 |edition=9th}}
* {{Cite book |last=Harkins |first=William Edward |title=A Modern Czech Grammar |date=1952 |publisher=King's Crown Press ([[Columbia University]])}}
* {{Cite book |last=Komárek |first=Miroslav |title=Dějiny českého jazyka |date=2012 |publisher=Host |isbn=978-80-7294-591-7 |location=Brno |language=cs}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kortmann |first=Bernd |title=The Languages and Linguistics of Europe: A Comprehensive Guide (World of Linguistics) |last2=van der Auwera |first2=Johan |date=2011 |publisher=Mouton De Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-022025-4}}
* {{Cite book |last=Koudela |first=Břetislav |title=Vývoj českého jazyka a dialektologie |publisher=Československé státní pedagogické nakladatelství |date=1964 |language=cs |display-authors=et al}}
* {{Cite book |last=Liberman |first=Anatoly |title=N.S. Trubetzkoy: Studies in General Linguistics and Language Structure |last2=Trubetskoi |first2=Nikolai S. |date=2001 |publisher=[[Duke University]] Press |isbn=978-0-8223-2299-3}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mann |first=Stuart Edward |url=https://archive.org/details/czechhistoricalg00mann |title=Czech Historical Grammar |date=1957 |publisher=Helmut Buske Verlag |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mathesius |first=Vilém |title=A Functional Analysis of Present Day English on a General Linguistic Basis |date=2013 |publisher=De Gruyter |isbn=978-90-279-3077-4}}
* {{Cite book |last=Maxwell |first=Alexander |title=Choosing Slovakia: Slavic Hungary, the Czechoslovak Language and Accidental Nationalism |date=2009 |publisher=Tauris Academic Studies |isbn=978-1-84885-074-3}}
* {{Cite book |last=Naughton |first=James |title=Czech: An Essential Grammar |date=2005 |publisher=Routledge Press |isbn=978-0-415-28785-2}}
* {{Cite book |last=Pansofia |title=Pravidla českého pravopisu |date=1993 |publisher=Ústav pro jazyk český AV ČR |isbn=978-80-901373-6-3 |language=cs}}
* {{Cite book |last=Piotrowski |first=Michael |title=Natural Language Processing for Historical Texts |date=2012 |publisher=Morgan & Claypool Publishers |isbn=978-1-60845-946-9}}
* {{Cite book |last=Qualls |first=Eduard J. |title=The Qualls Concise English Grammar |date=2012 |publisher=Danaan Press |isbn=978-1-890000-09-7}}
* {{Cite book |last=Rothstein |first=Björn |title=Mood in the Languages of Europe |last2=Thieroff |first2=Rolf |date=2010 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |isbn=978-90-272-0587-2}}
* {{Cite book |last=Short |first=David |title=The World's Major Languages |publisher=Routledge |date=2009 |editor-last=Bernard Comrie |edition=2nd |pages=305–330 |chapter=Czech and Slovak}}
* {{Cite book |last=Scheer |first=Tobias |title=A Lateral Theory of Phonology: What is CVCV, and why Should it Be?, Part 1 |date=2004 |publisher=Walter De Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-017871-5}}
* {{Cite book |last=Stankiewicz |first=Edward |title=The Slavic Languages: Unity in Diversity |date=1986 |publisher=Mouton De Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-009904-1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sussex |first=Rolan |title=The Slavic Languages |last2=Cubberley |first2=Paul |date=2011 |publisher=Cambridge Language Surveys |isbn=978-0-521-29448-5}}
* {{Cite book |last=Tahal |first=Karel |url=https://archive.org/details/AGrammarOfCzechAsAForeignLanguage |title=A grammar of Czech as a foreign language |date=2010 |publisher=Factum}}
* {{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=James |title=Moravians in Prague: A Sociolinguistic Study of Dialect Contact in the Czech |date=2009 |publisher=Peter Lang International Academic Publishers |isbn=978-3-631-58694-5}}

== Laman web ke bukai ==

* [http://www.ujc.cas.cz/ Ústav pro jazyk český] – Institut Jaku Ceko, piak pengatur jaku Ceko {{In lang|cs}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120712124340/http://ucnk.ff.cuni.cz/english/index.php Korpus Nasional Czech]
* [http://bara.ujc.cas.cz/psjc/search.php Kamus Online Jaku Czech]
* [https://slovniky.lingea.cz/ Kamus Salin Dalam Talian]
* [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Czech_Swadesh_list Rintai Swadesh Czech leka jaku asas leka jaku] (ari [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Swadesh_lists lampiran Swadesh-list] Wiktionary )
* [https://www.czechtime.cz/ Jaku Czech enggau Latih dalam talian .]
Jaku Czech ( /tʃɛk/ CHEK;  [ˈtʃɛʃcɪna]), nitihka sejarah mega dikelala enggau nama Jaku Bohemia (), iya nya jaku Slavik Barat ari raban Czech–Slovak, ditulis ngena urup Latin. Dikena lebih 12 juta iku orang nyengkaum orang ke ngena jaku kedua, jaku tu nyadi jaku rasmi Republik Czech. Jaku Czech bekaul rat enggau jaku Slovak, nyentuk ngagai tikas saling meretika ti tinggi, pia mega enggau jaku Poland ke ngundan tikas ti kurang agi. Jaku Czech nya jaku fusional enggau sistem morfologi ti kaya sereta atur leka jaku ti fleksibel. Leka jaku iya udah mayuh ngambi kuing jaku Latin enggau Jereman.

Raban Czech-Slovak mansang dalam jaku Slavik Barat ba timpuh abad tengah ti tinggi, lalu standardisasyen jaku Czech enggau Slovak dalam kontinum dialek Czech-Slovak nyadi ba timpuh moden pemungkal. Ba ujung abad ke-18 ngagai tengan abad ke-19, standard tulis moden nyadi dikod dalam konteks Pengangkat Nasional Czech. Varieti ukai standard ti pemadu mayuh dikena, dikelala enggau nama Czech Biasa, bepelasarka jaku vernakular Praha, tang diatu disebut nyadi interdialek ba serata mayuh kandang endur Bohemia. Dialek Moravia ke dikena ba Moravia enggau Silesia Czech jauh bemacham ari dialek Bohemia.

Jaku Czech ngembuan inventori fonem ti sederhana pemesai, ti mungkur sepuluh iti monoftong, tiga iti diftong enggau 25 iti konsonan (dibagi ngagai kategori "keras", "neutral" enggau "lembut"). Leka jaku tau ngundan perugan konsonan ti mar tauka nadai vokal sama sekali. Jaku Czech ngembuan trill alveolar ti diangkat, ti dikelala nyadi fonem dalam sekeda jaku bukai aja, ti diarika grafem ř.

 Agih geografi 
alt=Map of Vojvodina, a province of Serbia, with Czech in official use in one southeastern municipality|thumb| Pengawa rasmi ngena jaku Czech ba Vojvodina, Serbia (bechura biru muda)
Jaku Czech dikena urung 10 juta iku peranak Republik Czech.   Pansik Eurobarometer ke digaga ari bulan Januari nyentuk ke Mac 2012 tetemuka jaku keterubah ke dikena 98 peratus peranak Czech iya nya jaku Czech, iya nya jaku ketiga pemadu mayuh ba penyampau tubuh ba Serakup Eropah (di belakang Gerika enggau Hungari).

Nyadi jaku rasmi Republik Czech (kaban Serakup Eropah kenyau ari taun 2004), jaku Czech nyadi siti ari jaku rasmi EU lalu pansik Eurobarometer 2012 tetemuka jaku Czech nyadi jaku luar ke pemadu suah dikena di Slovakia.  Pakar ekonomi Jonathan van Parys ngumpul data pasal penemu jaku di Eropah ungkup Hari Jaku Eropah 2012. Lima bengkah menua ke pemadu mayuh ngena jaku Czech iya nya Republik Czech (98.77 peratus), Slovakia (24.86 peratus), Portugal (1.93 peratus), Poland (0.98 peratus) enggau Jereman (0.47 peratus).

Orang ke bejaku Czech di Slovakia mayuh diau ba mengeri. Laban jaku nya jaku minoriti ke diaku di Slovakia, peranak Slovakia ke semina bejaku Czech tau berandau enggau perintah ngena jaku sida ngena chara ke sama baka orang ke bejaku Slovak di Republik Czech mega.

 Chunto teks 
Artikel 1 ari Deklarasyen Sedunya Hak Asasi Mensia dalam jaku Czech:

 Všichni lidé rodí se svobodní a sobě rovní co do důstojnosti a práv. Jsou nadáni rozumem a svědomím a mají spolu jednat v duchu bratrství.

Artikel 1 Deklarasyen Sedunya Hak Asasi Mensia dalam Jaku Iban:

 Semua mensia ada bibas sereta sama dalam basa enggau hak. Sida diberi penemu enggau pengasai ati lalu patut ngereja pengawa ngagai pangan diri enggau semengat menyadi.

 Nota 

 Penyanding 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 Laman web ke bukai 

 Ústav pro jazyk český – Institut Jaku Ceko, piak pengatur jaku Ceko 
 Korpus Nasional Czech
 Kamus Online Jaku Czech
 Kamus Salin Dalam Talian
 Rintai Swadesh Czech leka jaku asas leka jaku (ari lampiran Swadesh-list Wiktionary )
 Jaku Czech enggau Latih dalam talian .