Paganisme

[[Fail:0_Jupiter_-_Louvre_MR_254_-_Louvre-Lens_(2).JPG|thumb| Patung marmar [[Jupiter (god)|Jupiter]], raja petara Rome .]]
'''Paganisme''' (ari [[jaku Latin]] {{Lang|la|pāgānus}} ti ngembuan reti ‘menua pesisir’ tauka ‘menua kampung’; udah nya ngemai reti ‘periman’) iya nya reti ti baru dikena orang Kristian keterubah ba Empayar Rome dikena madahka sida ke ngemeranka pengarap politeisme <ref name="Bowersock1999p625">{{Cite book |last=Brown |first=Peter |url=https://archive.org/details/lateantiquitygui00bowe |title=Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-674-51173-6 |editor-last=Bowersock |editor-first=Glen Warren |pages=[https://archive.org/details/lateantiquitygui00bowe/page/625 625]–26 |chapter=Pagan |editor-last2=Brown |editor-first2=Peter |editor-last3=Grabar |editor-first3=Oleg |url-access=registration}}</ref> tauka pengarap etnik kelimpah ari [[pengarap Judah]] . Maya jeman Empayar Rome, orang dikumbai pagan ketegal sida diau ba menua pesisir, jauh ari palan pengentap pendiau orang Kristian ti majak ngerembai, tauka ketegal sida enda disengkaum dalam ''[[milites Christi]]'' (soldadu Kristus).   Leka jaku alternatif ti dikena dalam teks Kristian nyengkaum ''[[hellene]]'', ''[[gentile]]'', enggau ''[https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/heathen heathen]'' . <ref name="Bowersock1999p625" /> Pengawa genselan nyadi elemen ti beguna dalam [[Agama Yunani-Rom purba|pengarap Gerika-Rome kelia]] <ref name="James2014">{{Cite book |last=Jones |first=Christopher P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TG22AgAAQBAJ&q=pagan+sacrifice&pg=PT74 |title=Between Pagan and Christian |date=2014 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-72520-1 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts}}</ref> lalu ngembuan fungsyen nyadi kelai sekalika seseiku orang nya orang pagan tauka Kristian. <ref name="James2014" /> Paganisme mega mayuh dikaitka enggau "agama orang bumai ". <ref name="Bowersock1999p625" /> <ref name="Davies2011p1">{{Cite book |last=Owen Davies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pjP8Cr28GCIC |title=Paganism: A Very Short Introduction |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-19-162001-0 |pages=1–2}}</ref>


Sepengudah tengan jeman enggau ke atas, reti ''paganisme'' dikena madahka sebarang pengarap ti ukai Kristian, enggau anggap iya nyembah “ [[Tuhan-tuhan palsu|petara pelesu]] ”. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Aitamurto |first=Kaarina |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5c4eDAAAQBAJ |title=Paganism, Traditionalism, Nationalism: Narratives of Russian Rodnoverie |publisher=Routledge |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-317-08443-3 |pages=12–15}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owen Davies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pjP8Cr28GCIC |title=Paganism: A Very Short Introduction |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-19-162001-0 |pages=1–6, 70–83}}</ref> Asal penatai leka jaku ''“pagan”'' ngena pengarap politeis agi dipejuraika.  Ba abad ke-19, sekeda raban seni ke diiri enggau inspirasyen ari dunya kelia ngena label paganisme nyadika identiti diri. Ba abad ke-20, label tu berengkah dikena orang ke megai pengarap paganisme moden, [[Senarai gerakan pagan moden|pemejalai pagan moden]], enggau [[Rekonstruksionisme politeistik|rekonstruksionisme politeis]] . Mayuh pengarap paganisme moden ngemeran sereta pechayaka [[Pemujuaan alam|pengawa nyembah alam]], ti midaka iya ari pengarap besai dunya.  

Informasyen ke baru senentang pengarap kelia enggau pengarap orang pagan datai ari sekeda kereban, nyengkaum rekod [[Kajian lapangan|pansik lapangan]] antropologi, bukti artifak arkeologi, enggau ari cherita penulis kelia senentang budaya ke bisi ba rampa menua Mediterranean klasik . Mayuh ari pengarap pagan moden diatu ngemeranka pemereti ati panteistik, [[Panenteisme|panenteistik]], politeistik, tauka [[Animisme|animistik]]. Taja pia, bisi sekeda mega ngemeranka monoteistik . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=James R. |title=The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |isbn=0-19-514986-6 |page=13 |author-link=James R. Lewis (scholar)}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Hanegraff |first=Wouter J. |title=New Age Religion and Western Culture: Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought |publisher=Brill |year=1006 |isbn=90-04-10696-0 |page=84}}</ref> {{Sfn|Cameron|2011}}
[[Fail:Akropolis-detail.jpg|thumb| Pengawa ngaga baru Parthenon, ba Acropolis Athens, [[Gerika|menua Gerika .]]]]
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* {{Cite book |last=Cameron |first=Alan G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NHgvpINWV_QC |title=The Last Pagans of Rome |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-19-978091-4 |location=New York |oclc=553365192}}
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* {{Cite book |last=Davies |first=Owen |title=Paganism: A Very Short Introduction |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-19-162001-0 |location=New York}}
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* {{Cite book |last=Elsie |first=Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N_IXHrXIsYkC |title=A Dictionary of Albanian Religion, Mythology and Folk Culture |publisher=Hurst & Company |year=2001 |isbn=1-85065-570-7 |location=London}}
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* {{Cite book |last=Fischer |first=Bernd J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KbqVEAAAQBAJ |title=A Concise History of Albania |last2=Schmitt |first2=Oliver Jens |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-00-925490-8}}
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* Hua, Yih-Fen. book review to: Maria Effinger / Cornelia Logemann / Ulrich Pfisterer (eds): Götterbilder und Götzendiener in der Frühen Neuzeit. Europas Blick auf fremde Religionen. In: sehepunkte 13 (2013), Nr. 5 [15 May 2013], URL: http://www.sehepunkte.de/2013/05/21410.html. (Book review in English).
* {{Cite journal}}
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* {{Cite book |last=Malcolm |first=Noel |title=Kosovo: A Short History |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-330-41224-7}}
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* {{Cite book |last=Norris |first=Harry Thirlwall |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RGmzir-ITtUC&pg=PA34 |title=Islam in the Balkans: Religion and Society Between Europe and the Arab World |publisher=University of South Carolina Press |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-87249-977-5 |location=Columbia, S.C |pages=211 |language=en |oclc=28067651}}
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* {{Cite book |last=Qafleshi |first=Muharrem |title=Opoja dhe Gora ndër shekuj |publisher=Albanological Institute of Pristina |year=2011 |isbn=978-9951-596-51-0 |trans-title=Opoja and Gora During Centuries}}
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* Robert, P. & Scott, N. (1995). ''A History of Pagan Europe''. New York, Barnes & Noble Books, {{ISBN|0-7607-1210-7}}.
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* {{Cite journal}}
* {{Cite book |last=Tirta |first=Mark |title=Mitologjia ndër shqiptarë |publisher=Mësonjëtorja |year=2004 |isbn=99927-938-9-9 |editor-last=Petrit Bezhani |location=Tirana |language=sq}}
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* York, Michael (2003). ''Pagan Theology: Paganism as a World Religion'' NYU Press, {{ISBN|0-8147-9708-3}}.
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* {{Cite book |last=Cameron |first=Alan G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NHgvpINWV_QC |title=The Last Pagans of Rome |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-19-978091-4 |location=New York |oclc=553365192}}
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* {{Cite book |last=Davies |first=Owen |title=Paganism: A Very Short Introduction |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-19-162001-0 |location=New York}}
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* {{Cite book |last=Elsie |first=Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N_IXHrXIsYkC |title=A Dictionary of Albanian Religion, Mythology and Folk Culture |publisher=Hurst & Company |year=2001 |isbn=1-85065-570-7 |location=London}}
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* {{Cite book |last=Fischer |first=Bernd J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KbqVEAAAQBAJ |title=A Concise History of Albania |last2=Schmitt |first2=Oliver Jens |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-00-925490-8}}
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* Hua, Yih-Fen. book review to: Maria Effinger / Cornelia Logemann / Ulrich Pfisterer (eds): Götterbilder und Götzendiener in der Frühen Neuzeit. Europas Blick auf fremde Religionen. In: sehepunkte 13 (2013), Nr. 5 [15 May 2013], URL: http://www.sehepunkte.de/2013/05/21410.html. (Book review in English).
* {{Cite journal}}
<!-- J -->
* {{Cite journal}}
<!-- M -->
* {{Cite book |last=Malcolm |first=Noel |title=Kosovo: A Short History |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-330-41224-7}}
<!-- N -->
* {{Cite book |last=Norris |first=Harry Thirlwall |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RGmzir-ITtUC&pg=PA34 |title=Islam in the Balkans: Religion and Society Between Europe and the Arab World |publisher=University of South Carolina Press |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-87249-977-5 |location=Columbia, S.C |pages=211 |language=en |oclc=28067651}}
<!-- Q -->
* {{Cite book |last=Qafleshi |first=Muharrem |title=Opoja dhe Gora ndër shekuj |publisher=Albanological Institute of Pristina |year=2011 |isbn=978-9951-596-51-0 |trans-title=Opoja and Gora During Centuries}}
<!-- R -->
* Robert, P. & Scott, N. (1995). ''A History of Pagan Europe''. New York, Barnes & Noble Books, {{ISBN|0-7607-1210-7}}.
<!-- T -->
* {{Cite journal}}
* {{Cite book |last=Tirta |first=Mark |title=Mitologjia ndër shqiptarë |publisher=Mësonjëtorja |year=2004 |isbn=99927-938-9-9 |editor-last=Petrit Bezhani |location=Tirana |language=sq}}
<!-- Y -->
* York, Michael (2003). ''Pagan Theology: Paganism as a World Religion'' NYU Press, {{ISBN|0-8147-9708-3}}.
{{Refend}}
[[Kategori:Paganisme]]
[[Kategori:Sejarah pengarap]]
[[Kategori:Kereban CS1 jaku Albania (sq)]]
[[Kategori:Sumber CS1 jaku Inggeris (en)]]
Paganisme (ari jaku Latin  ti ngembuan reti ‘menua pesisir’ tauka ‘menua kampung’; udah nya ngemai reti ‘periman’) iya nya reti ti baru dikena orang Kristian keterubah ba Empayar Rome dikena madahka sida ke ngemeranka pengarap politeisme  tauka pengarap etnik kelimpah ari pengarap Judah . Maya jeman Empayar Rome, orang dikumbai pagan ketegal sida diau ba menua pesisir, jauh ari palan pengentap pendiau orang Kristian ti majak ngerembai, tauka ketegal sida enda disengkaum dalam milites Christi (soldadu Kristus).   Leka jaku alternatif ti dikena dalam teks Kristian nyengkaum hellene, gentile, enggau heathen .  Pengawa genselan nyadi elemen ti beguna dalam pengarap Gerika-Rome kelia  lalu ngembuan fungsyen nyadi kelai sekalika seseiku orang nya orang pagan tauka Kristian.  Paganisme mega mayuh dikaitka enggau "agama orang bumai ".  

Sepengudah tengan jeman enggau ke atas, reti paganisme dikena madahka sebarang pengarap ti ukai Kristian, enggau anggap iya nyembah “ petara pelesu ”.   Asal penatai leka jaku “pagan” ngena pengarap politeis agi dipejuraika.  Ba abad ke-19, sekeda raban seni ke diiri enggau inspirasyen ari dunya kelia ngena label paganisme nyadika identiti diri. Ba abad ke-20, label tu berengkah dikena orang ke megai pengarap paganisme moden, pemejalai pagan moden, enggau rekonstruksionisme politeis . Mayuh pengarap paganisme moden ngemeran sereta pechayaka pengawa nyembah alam, ti midaka iya ari pengarap besai dunya.  

Informasyen ke baru senentang pengarap kelia enggau pengarap orang pagan datai ari sekeda kereban, nyengkaum rekod pansik lapangan antropologi, bukti artifak arkeologi, enggau ari cherita penulis kelia senentang budaya ke bisi ba rampa menua Mediterranean klasik . Mayuh ari pengarap pagan moden diatu ngemeranka pemereti ati panteistik, panenteistik, politeistik, tauka animistik. Taja pia, bisi sekeda mega ngemeranka monoteistik .   
thumb| Pengawa ngaga baru Parthenon, ba Acropolis Athens, menua Gerika .

 

 

 

 

 Hua, Yih-Fen. book review to: Maria Effinger / Cornelia Logemann / Ulrich Pfisterer (eds): Götterbilder und Götzendiener in der Frühen Neuzeit. Europas Blick auf fremde Religionen. In: sehepunkte 13 (2013), Nr. 5 [15 May 2013], URL: http://www.sehepunkte.de/2013/05/21410.html. (Book review in English).
 

 

 

 

 

 Robert, P. & Scott, N. (1995). A History of Pagan Europe. New York, Barnes & Noble Books, .

 
 

 York, Michael (2003). Pagan Theology: Paganism as a World Religion NYU Press, .

 

 

 

 

 Hua, Yih-Fen. book review to: Maria Effinger / Cornelia Logemann / Ulrich Pfisterer (eds): Götterbilder und Götzendiener in der Frühen Neuzeit. Europas Blick auf fremde Religionen. In: sehepunkte 13 (2013), Nr. 5 [15 May 2013], URL: http://www.sehepunkte.de/2013/05/21410.html. (Book review in English).
 

 

 

 

 

 Robert, P. & Scott, N. (1995). A History of Pagan Europe. New York, Barnes & Noble Books, .

 
 

 York, Michael (2003). Pagan Theology: Paganism as a World Religion NYU Press, .

Kategori:Paganisme
Kategori:Sejarah pengarap
Kategori:Kereban CS1 jaku Albania (sq)
Kategori:Sumber CS1 jaku Inggeris (en)