Republik Czech

{{Infobox country|conventional_long_name=Republik Czech|common_name=Czechia|linking_name=the Czech Republic<!--to link to "[Topic] of the Czech Republic" articles-->|native_name={{native name|cs|Česká republika}}|image_flag=Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|image_coat=Coat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg|coa_size=80|symbol_type={{nowrap|[[Coat of arms of the Czech Republic|Coat of arms]]}}|national_motto={{native phrase|cs|[[Truth prevails|Pravda vítězí]]|nolink=yes}}<br />"Truth prevails"|national_anthem={{native phrase|cs|[[Kde domov můj]]|nolink=yes}}<br />"Alai Rumah Aku"<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.5em;">[[File:Czech anthem.ogg]]</div>|image_map={{Switcher|[[File:Czech Republic (orthographic projection).svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:EU-Czechia.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of the European Union|default=2}}|map_caption={{map caption |countryprefix=the |location_color=dark green |region=Europe |region_color=dark gray |subregion=the European Union |subregion_color=green |legend=EU-Czechia.svg}}|image_map2=|capital=[[Praha]]|coordinates={{Coord|50|05|N|14|28|E|type:city}}|largest_city=capital|languages_type=Jaku rasmi|languages=[[Jaku Czech|Czech]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.czech.cz/en/67019-czech-language |title=Czech language |work=Czech Republic – Official website |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Czech Republic)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic]] |access-date=14 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106000422/http://www.czech.cz/en/67019-czech-language |archive-date=6 November 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>|languages2_type={{raise|0.3em |{{nobold|Officially recognized languages<ref name="languages">Citizens belonging to minorities, which traditionally and on a long-term basis live within the territory of the Czech Republic, enjoy the right to use their language in communication with authorities and in courts of law (for the list of recognized minorities see [http://www.vlada.cz/en/pracovni-a-poradni-organy-vlady/rnm/historie-a-soucasnost-rady-en-16666/ National Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607051111/http://www.vlada.cz/en/pracovni-a-poradni-organy-vlady/rnm/historie-a-soucasnost-rady-en-16666/ |date=7 June 2012}}, Belarusian and Vietnamese since 4 July 2013, see [http://zpravy.idnes.cz/vietnamci-oficialni-narodnostni-mensinou-fiq-/domaci.aspx?c=A130703_133019_domaci_jj Česko má nové oficiální národnostní menšiny. Vietnamce a Bělorusy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708074104/http://zpravy.idnes.cz/vietnamci-oficialni-narodnostni-mensinou-fiq-/domaci.aspx?c=A130703_133019_domaci_jj |date=8 July 2013}}). Article 25 of the Czech [[Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms]] ensures the right of the national and ethnic minorities to education and communication with the authorities in their own language. Act No. 500/2004 Coll. (''The Administrative Rule'') in its paragraph 16 (4) (''Procedural Language'') ensures that a citizen of the Czech Republic who belongs to a national or an ethnic minority, which traditionally and on a long-term basis lives within the territory of the Czech Republic, has the right to address an administrative agency and proceed before it in the language of the minority. If the administrative agency has no employee with knowledge of the language, the agency is bound to obtain a translator at the agency's own expense. According to Act No. 273/2001 (''Concerning the Rights of Members of Minorities'') paragraph 9 (''The right to use language of a national minority in dealing with authorities and in front of the courts of law'') the same also applies to members of national minorities in the courts of law.</ref><ref>The Slovak language may be considered an official language in the Czech Republic under certain circumstances, as defined by several laws – e.g. law 500/2004, 337/1992. Source: http://portal.gov.cz {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050410043930/http://www.portal.gov.cz/ |date=10 April 2005}}. Cited: "Například Správní řád (zákon č. 500/2004 Sb.) stanovuje: "V řízení se jedná a písemnosti se vyhotovují v českém jazyce. Účastníci řízení mohou jednat a písemnosti mohou být předkládány i v jazyce slovenském&nbsp;..." (§&nbsp;16, odstavec 1). Zákon o správě daní a poplatků (337/1992 Sb.) "Úřední jazyk: Před správcem daně se jedná v jazyce českém nebo slovenském. Veškerá písemná podání se předkládají v češtině nebo slovenštině&nbsp;..." (§&nbsp;3, odstavec 1). http://portal.gov.cz</ref>}} }}|languages2=|ethnic_groups={{vunblist
 | 89% [[Bansa Czech]]
 | 3.3% [[Bansa Moravia]] 
 | 0.9% [[Orang Slovak ba Republik Czech|Slovak]]
 | 0.7% [[Orang Ukraine ba Republik Czech|Ukraine]]
 | 2.1% ke bukai
 | 4.0% dua peranak
  }}|ethnic_groups_year=2021|ethnic_groups_ref=<ref name="census2021">{{cite web|title=Národnost|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/scitani2021/narodnost|work=Census 2021|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|language=cs|access-date=13 January 2022|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115083026/https://www.czso.cz/csu/scitani2021/narodnost|url-status=dead}}</ref>|religion={{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap; |56.9% [[Irreligion in the Czech Republic|no religion]] |{{Tree list}}
* 11.7% [[Kristian]]
** 9.3% [[Gerija Katolik ba Republik Czech|Katolik]]
** 2.4% Kristian ke bukai
{{Tree list/end}}
|1.2% ke bukai|30.1% enda disaut}}|religion_ref=<ref>{{cite web|title=Náboženská víra|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/scitani2021/nabozenska-vira|work=Census 2021|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|language=cs|access-date=13 January 2022|archive-date=22 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122135853/https://www.czso.cz/csu/scitani2021/nabozenska-vira|url-status=dead}}</ref>|religion_year=2021|demonym=|government_type=[[Unitary parliamentary republic]]|leader_title1=[[Presiden Republik Czech|Presiden]]|leader_name1=[[Petr Pavel]]|leader_title2=[[Menteri Besai Republik Czech|Menteri Besai]]|leader_name2=[[Petr Fiala]]|legislature=[[Parlimen Republik Czech|Parlimen]]|upper_house=[[Senate of the Czech Republic|Senate]]|lower_house=[[Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic|Chamber of Deputies]]|sovereignty_type=[[History of the Czech lands|Establishment]]|established_event1=[[Duchy of Bohemia]]|established_date1={{circa}} 870|established_event2={{nowrap|[[Kingdom of Bohemia]]}}|established_date2=1198|established_event3=[[First Czechoslovak Republic|Czechoslovakia]]|established_date3=28 Oktober 1918|established_event4=[[Dissolution of Czechoslovakia|Czech Republic]]|established_date4=1 January 1993|area_km2=78,871|area_footnote=<ref name=landuse>{{cite web |url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-vyhledavani&vyhltext=plochy&bkvt=cGxvY2h5&katalog=all&pvo=ZPR15|title=Land use (as at 31 December)|work=Public database|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|access-date=11 May 2023}}</ref>|area_rank=115th <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] -->|area_sq_mi=30,452 <!--Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]-->|percent_water=2.16 (as of 2022)<ref name=landuse/>|population_estimate={{IncreaseNeutral}} 10,900,555<ref>{{cite web |title=Population of cohesion regions, regions and districts of the Czech Republic, 1 January 2024|url=https://www.czso.cz/documents/10180/218418152/1300722401.pdf/61fe01a6-d309-4e44-be63-b30c279fd184?version=1.0|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=17 May 2024}}</ref>|population_census={{IncreaseNeutral}} 10,524,167<ref name="census2021"/>|population_estimate_year=2024|population_estimate_rank=85th|population_census_year=2021|population_density_km2=133|population_density_sq_mi=345 <!--Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]-->|population_density_rank=91st|GDP_PPP={{increase}} $619.881&nbsp;billion<ref name="IMFWEO.CZ">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=935,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (Czechia) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=www.imf.org |date=22 October 2024 |access-date=9 November 2024}}</ref>|GDP_PPP_year=2024|GDP_PPP_rank=46th|GDP_PPP_per_capita={{increase}} $56,686<ref name="IMFWEO.CZ" />|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=38th|GDP_nominal={{decrease}} $342.992&nbsp;billion<ref name="IMFWEO.CZ" />|GDP_nominal_year=2024|GDP_nominal_rank=47th|GDP_nominal_per_capita={{decrease}} $31,365<ref name="IMFWEO.CZ" />|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=38th|Gini=24.4 <!--number only-->|Gini_year=2023|Gini_change=decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady-->|Gini_ref=<ref name="eurogini">{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey|publisher=[[Eurostat]] |website=ec.europa.eu |access-date=4 May 2024}}</ref>|Gini_rank=|HDI=0.915 <!--number only-->|HDI_year=2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->|HDI_change=increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->|HDI_ref=<ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}</ref>|HDI_rank=29th|currency=[[Czech koruna]]|currency_code=CZK|time_zone=[[Central European Time|CET]]|utc_offset=+1|utc_offset_DST=+2|time_zone_DST=[[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]|date_format=d. m. yyyy|drives_on=right|calling_code=[[Telephone numbers in the Czech Republic|+420]]{{efn|Kod 42 dikunsi enggau [[Slovakia]] nyentuk ke 1997.}}|iso3166code=CZ|cctld=[[.cz]]{{Efn|Pia mega [[.eu]], dikunsi enggau kaban Serakup Eropah.}}|flag_p1=Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|today=}}

'''Republik Czech''', mega dikelala enggau nama '''Czechia''',<ref>{{cite web|title=the Czech Republic|url=https://unterm.un.org/unterm2/en/view/4275087d-4018-4082-899d-95f37efeda65|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616122308/https://unterm.un.org/unterm2/en/view/4275087d-4018-4082-899d-95f37efeda65|archive-date=16 June 2023|access-date=28 November 2023|publisher=The United Nations Terminology Database}}</ref> lalu nitihka sejarah dikelala enggau nama '''Bohemia''',<ref>{{cite web|last1=Šitler|first1=Jiří|date=12 July 2016|title=From Bohemia to Czechia|url=https://english.radio.cz/bohemia-czechia-8220362|access-date=1 June 2021|website=Czech Radio|author-link=Jiří Šitler}}</ref> nya sebengkah menua ti nadai tasik di Eropah Tengah. Menua tu di bekunsi garis entara menua enggau [[Austria]] ba selatan, [[Jereman|Jerman]] ba barat, [[Poland]] ba timur laut, enggau Slovakia ba tenggara.<ref>{{cite web|title=Information about the Czech Republic|url=http://www.mzv.cz/chicago/en/other_useful_information/information_about_the_czech_republic/index.html|website=Czech Foreign Ministry|access-date=25 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403192723/http://www.mzv.cz/chicago/en/other_useful_information/information_about_the_czech_republic/index.html|archive-date=3 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Republik Czech ngembuan rampa menua ti bebukit ti ngembuan pemesai 78,871 km persegi (30,452 bt persegi) enggau iklim benua enggau tasik ti tebal agi angat. Indu nengeri enggau mengeri ti pemadu besai iya nya Praha; mengeri besai enggau kandang mengeri bukai nyengkaum Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň enggau Liberec.

Duchy Bohemia ditumbuhka ba ujung abad ke-9 lalu maya nya di baruh pegai Moravia Besai. Iya diaku enggau formal nyadi Estet Imperial Empayar Rome Kudus dalam taun 1002 lalu nyadi sebengkah menua perintah dalam taun 1198.<ref name="The Path"><nowiki>{{cite web|url=</nowiki>http://www.vlada.cz/assets/udalosti/vystavy/Cesty-ceske-ustavnosti.pdf%7Ctitle=The Path of Czech Constitutionality|last1=Mlsna|first1=Petr|last2=Šlehofer|first2=F.|year=2010|work=1st edition|publisher=Úřad Vlády České Republiky (The Office of the Government of the Czech Republic)|location=Praha|pages=10–11|language=cs, en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116234802/http://www.vlada.cz/assets/udalosti/vystavy/Cesty-ceske-ustavnosti.pdf%7Carchive-date=16 January 2013|url-status=live|access-date=31 October 2012|last3=Urban|first3=D.}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nacr.cz/zpravy/zlatabula800.aspx|title=800 let Zlaté buly sicilské|last=Čumlivski|first=Denko|year=2012|publisher=National Archives of the Czech Republic (Národní Archiv České Republiky)|language=cs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128035158/http://www.nacr.cz/zpravy/zlatabula800.aspx|archive-date=28 November 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=31 October 2012}}</ref> Berindik ari Perang Mohács dalam taun 1526, semua Tanah Mahkota Bohemia berinsur disegulaika ngagai monarki Habsburg. Semak seratus taun udah nya, Penyarut Bohemia [[Protestan]] ngujungka Perang Tiga Puluh Taun. Pengudah Perang Bukit Burak, raban Habsburg ngenegapka perintah sida. Sepengudah pengererak Empayar Rome Kudus dalam taun 1806, tanah-tanah Mahkota nyadi sebagi ari Empayar Austria.

Maya abad ke-19, menua Czech ngasaika industrialisasyen ti besai. Berindik ari Austria-Hungary runtuh pengudah [[Perang Dunya Keterubah|Perang Dunya I]], tebal kandang menua nya nyadi sebagi ari Republik Czechoslovakia Keterubah dalam taun 1918.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dijk |first=Ruud van |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QgX0bQ3Enj4C&pg=PA76 |title=Encyclopedia of the Cold War |last2=Gray |first2=William Glenn |last3=Savranskaya |first3=Svetlana |last4=Suri |first4=Jeremi |last5=Zhai |first5=Qiang |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1135923112 |page=76 |access-date=13 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122052153/https://books.google.cz/books?id=QgX0bQ3Enj4C |archive-date=22 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Czechoslovakia semina sebengkah menua di Eropah Tengah enggau Timur ti mengkang nyadi demokrasi beparlimen sekumbang timpuh entara perang.<ref name="Ash0">Timothy Garton Ash ''[[iarchive:usesofadversitye0000gart h4f4|The Uses of Adversity]]'' Granta Books, 1991 {{ISBN|0-14-014038-7}} p. 60</ref> Pengudah Sempekat Munich dalam taun 1938, Jerman Nazi enggau sistematik nguasa tanah Czech. Menua Czechoslovakia dipulaika baru dalam taun 1945 lalu tiga taun udah nya nyadi menua komunis Blok Timur berindik ari pengerampas kuasa dalam taun 1948. Uji deka ngelepaska perintah enggau ekonomi dipuntan ketegal serang ngagai menua nya ti betuaika Soviet maya Angkat Praha dalam taun 1968. Kena bulan November 1989, Revolusyen Beludru mutuska perintah komunis ba menua nya lalu mulaika demokrasi. Kena 31 Disember 1992, Czechoslovakia diserara enggau likun, enggau nengeri-nengeri ke nyadi menua meredeka iya nya Republik Czech enggau Slovakia.

Republik Czech nyadi sebengkah menua republik beparlimen ti begempung sereta [[Menua mansang|menua ti mansang]] enggau ekonomi makit sosial [[Menua mansang|ti mansang]] sereta bepenatai pemisi tinggi. Menua tu nyadi sebengkah menua enggau pengelantang pendiau sereta model sosial Eropah, nyaga pengerai universal enggau pelajar universiti tuisyen pechuma. Menua tu ba penuduk lumur 32 dalam Indeks Pemansang Mensia. Republik Czech nyadi kaban [[Gerempung Bansa Beserakup]], NATO, [[Serakup Eropah]], OECD, OSCE, Kaunsil Eropah enggau Raban Visegrád.

== Nota ==
<references group="lower-alpha"/>

== Penyanding ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Laman web ke bukai ==

* [https://www.vlada.cz/en/ Laman web perintah]
* [https://www.hrad.cz/en Laman web Presiden]
* [https://www.senat.cz/index-eng.php Senat]
* [https://portal.gov.cz/ Portal Administrasyen Rama]
* [https://www.visitczechia.com/en-US #VisitCzechia] – portal rasmi dagang temuai Republik Czech
[[Kategori:Menua ba Eropah]]
Republik Czech, mega dikelala enggau nama Czechia, lalu nitihka sejarah dikelala enggau nama Bohemia, nya sebengkah menua ti nadai tasik di Eropah Tengah. Menua tu di bekunsi garis entara menua enggau Austria ba selatan, Jerman ba barat, Poland ba timur laut, enggau Slovakia ba tenggara. Republik Czech ngembuan rampa menua ti bebukit ti ngembuan pemesai 78,871 km persegi (30,452 bt persegi) enggau iklim benua enggau tasik ti tebal agi angat. Indu nengeri enggau mengeri ti pemadu besai iya nya Praha; mengeri besai enggau kandang mengeri bukai nyengkaum Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň enggau Liberec.

Duchy Bohemia ditumbuhka ba ujung abad ke-9 lalu maya nya di baruh pegai Moravia Besai. Iya diaku enggau formal nyadi Estet Imperial Empayar Rome Kudus dalam taun 1002 lalu nyadi sebengkah menua perintah dalam taun 1198.{{cite web|url=http://www.vlada.cz/assets/udalosti/vystavy/Cesty-ceske-ustavnosti.pdf%7Ctitle=The Path of Czech Constitutionality|last1=Mlsna|first1=Petr|last2=Šlehofer|first2=F.|year=2010|work=1st edition|publisher=Úřad Vlády České Republiky (The Office of the Government of the Czech Republic)|location=Praha|pages=10–11|language=cs, en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116234802/http://www.vlada.cz/assets/udalosti/vystavy/Cesty-ceske-ustavnosti.pdf%7Carchive-date=16 January 2013|url-status=live|access-date=31 October 2012|last3=Urban|first3=D.} Berindik ari Perang Mohács dalam taun 1526, semua Tanah Mahkota Bohemia berinsur disegulaika ngagai monarki Habsburg. Semak seratus taun udah nya, Penyarut Bohemia Protestan ngujungka Perang Tiga Puluh Taun. Pengudah Perang Bukit Burak, raban Habsburg ngenegapka perintah sida. Sepengudah pengererak Empayar Rome Kudus dalam taun 1806, tanah-tanah Mahkota nyadi sebagi ari Empayar Austria.

Maya abad ke-19, menua Czech ngasaika industrialisasyen ti besai. Berindik ari Austria-Hungary runtuh pengudah Perang Dunya I, tebal kandang menua nya nyadi sebagi ari Republik Czechoslovakia Keterubah dalam taun 1918. Czechoslovakia semina sebengkah menua di Eropah Tengah enggau Timur ti mengkang nyadi demokrasi beparlimen sekumbang timpuh entara perang.Timothy Garton Ash The Uses of Adversity Granta Books, 1991  p. 60 Pengudah Sempekat Munich dalam taun 1938, Jerman Nazi enggau sistematik nguasa tanah Czech. Menua Czechoslovakia dipulaika baru dalam taun 1945 lalu tiga taun udah nya nyadi menua komunis Blok Timur berindik ari pengerampas kuasa dalam taun 1948. Uji deka ngelepaska perintah enggau ekonomi dipuntan ketegal serang ngagai menua nya ti betuaika Soviet maya Angkat Praha dalam taun 1968. Kena bulan November 1989, Revolusyen Beludru mutuska perintah komunis ba menua nya lalu mulaika demokrasi. Kena 31 Disember 1992, Czechoslovakia diserara enggau likun, enggau nengeri-nengeri ke nyadi menua meredeka iya nya Republik Czech enggau Slovakia.

Republik Czech nyadi sebengkah menua republik beparlimen ti begempung sereta menua ti mansang enggau ekonomi makit sosial ti mansang sereta bepenatai pemisi tinggi. Menua tu nyadi sebengkah menua enggau pengelantang pendiau sereta model sosial Eropah, nyaga pengerai universal enggau pelajar universiti tuisyen pechuma. Menua tu ba penuduk lumur 32 dalam Indeks Pemansang Mensia. Republik Czech nyadi kaban Gerempung Bansa Beserakup, NATO, Serakup Eropah, OECD, OSCE, Kaunsil Eropah enggau Raban Visegrád.

 Nota 

 Penyanding 

 Laman web ke bukai 

 Laman web perintah
 Laman web Presiden
 Senat
 Portal Administrasyen Rama
 #VisitCzechia – portal rasmi dagang temuai Republik Czech
Kategori:Menua ba Eropah