Orang Judah
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = Judah
| native_name      = {{Script/Hebrew|יְהוּדִים{{Popdf}}}} ({{Lang|he-Latn|Yehudim}})
| native_name_lang = he
| rawimage         = [[Fail:Star of David.svg|150px]]
| image            = 
| image_caption    = [[Bintang David]], simbol ke suah dikena orang Judah
| total            = '''15,2 juta'''<br />'''Enlarged population (includes anyone with a Jewish parent):'''<br />'''20 juta'''{{Refn|group=note|The global core Jewish population was estimated at approximately 15,263,500 in 2022. When including individuals who identify as partly Jewish and anyone with one or two Jewish parents increases the estimate to 20,028,800. Adding individuals with a Jewish background but without Jewish parents, and non-Jewish household members living with Jews, yields an enlarged estimate of 22,720,400.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-33406-1 |title=American Jewish Year Book 2022 |date=2023 |volume=122 |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-33406-1|isbn=978-3-031-33405-4 }}</ref>}}
| total_year       = 2022
| total_source     = estimate
| total_ref        = <ref name="JDB">{{Cite report |editor1-last=Dashefsky |editor1-first=Arnold |editor-link1=Arnold Dashefsky |editor2-last=Della-Pergola |editor2-first=Sergio |editor-link2=Sergio Della Pergola |editor3-last=Sheskin |editor3-first=Ira |date=2021 |title=World Jewish Population|url=https://www.jewishdatabank.org/api/download/?studyId=1185&mediaId=bjdb%5c2021_World_Jewish_Population_AJYB_(DellaPergola)_DB_Public.pdf|publisher=[[Berman Jewish DataBank]]|access-date=4 September 2023}}</ref>
[[Fail:Jewish people around the world.svg|center|frameless|260x260px]]
| region1          = Israel (inyengkaum kandang endur dijajah)
| pop1             = 6,983,000–7,455,200
| ref1             = <ref name="JDB"/><ref name=":7" />
| region2          = Amerika Serikat
| pop2             = 6,000,000–9,800,000
| ref2             = <ref name="JDB"/>
| region3          = Peranchis
| pop3             = 440,000–550,000
| ref3             = <ref name="JDB"/><ref name="TOI">{{Cite web | url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/global-jewish-population-hits-15-7-million-ahead-of-new-year-46-of-them-in-israel/amp/ | title=Global Jewish population hits 15.7 million ahead of new year, 46% of them in Israel &#124; the Times of Israel | website=[[The Times of Israel]] }}</ref>
| region4          = Kanada
| pop4             = 398,000–450,000
| ref4             = <ref name="JDB"/><ref name="TOI"/>
| region5          = United Kingdom
| pop5             = 312,000–330,000
| ref5             = <ref name="JDB"/><ref name="TOI"/>
| region6          = Argentina
| pop6             = 171,000–240,000
| ref6             = <ref name="JDB"/><ref name="TOI"/>
| region7          = Rusia
| pop7             = 132,000–290,000
| ref7             = <ref name="JDB"/><ref name="TOI"/>
| region8          = Jereman
| pop8             = 125,000–175,000
| ref8             = <ref name="JDB"/><ref name="TOI"/>
| region9          = Australia
| pop9             = 117,200–130,000
| ref9             = <ref name="JDB"/><ref name="TOI"/>
| region10         = Brazil
| pop10            = 90,000–120,000
| ref10            = <ref name=":7" /><ref name="TOI"/>
| region11         = Afrika Selatan
| pop11            = 51,000–75,000
| ref11            = <ref name="JDB"/>
| region12         = Hungari
| pop12            = 46,500–75,000
| ref12            = <ref name=":7" />
| region13         = Ukraine
| pop13            = 40,000–90,000
| ref13            = <ref name=":7" />
| region14         = Mexico
| pop14            = 40,000–45,000
| ref14            = <ref name=":7" />
| region15         = Belanda
| pop15            = 29,700–43,000
| ref15            = <ref name=":7" />
| region16         = Belgium
| pop16            = 28,800–35,000
| ref16            = <ref name=":7" />
| region17         = Itali
| pop17            = 27,000–34,000
| ref17            = <ref name=":7" />
| region18         = Switzerland
| pop18            = 18,800–22,000
| ref18            = <ref name=":7" />
| region19         = Uruguay
| pop19            = 16,300–20,000
| ref19            = <ref name=":7" />
| region20         = Chile
| pop20            = 15,800–20,000
| ref20            = <ref name=":7" />
| region21         = Sweden
| pop21            = 14,900–20,000
| ref21            = <ref name=":7" />
| region22         = Turki
| pop22            = 14,300–17,500
| ref22            = <ref name=":7" />
| region23         = Sepanyol
| pop23            = 12,900–16,000
| ref23            = <ref name=":7" />
| region24         = Austria
| pop24            = 10,300–14,000
| ref24            = <ref name=":7" />
| region25         = Panama
| pop25            = 10,000–11,000
| ref25            = <ref name=":7" />
| languages        = {{Plainlist|
* '''Predominantly spoken:'''<ref name=Languages>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bh.org.il/links.aspx |title=Links |access-date=2 April 2012 |publisher=[[Beth Hatefutsoth]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102214/http://www.bh.org.il/links/jewishlangs.asp |archive-date=26 March 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{Hlist|[[Jaku Hebrew Moden]]|[[Jaku Inggeris]]|[[Jaku Rusia]]|[[Jaku Peranchis]]|[[Jaku Sepanyol]]}}
* '''Ke suba dikena:'''
* {{Hlist|[[Jaku Yiddish]]|[[Jaku Judah-Sepanyol|Ladino]]|[[Jaku Judah-Arab]]|[[Jaku-jaku orang Judah|ke bukai]]}}
* '''Jaku tuchi:'''
* {{Hlist|[[Jaku Hebrew Bup Kudus]]|[[Jaku Aram Bup Kudus]]|[[Jaku Aram Talmud]]}}
}}
| religions        = Majoriti: {{Ubl| [[Pengarap Judah]] |Minoriti:<br/> Nadai bepengarap,<ref>{{Cite news |title=New Poll Shows Atheism on Rise, With Jews Found to Be Least Religious |language=en |work=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/2012-08-20/ty-article/jews-least-observant-intl-poll-finds/0000017f-e2b6-d7b2-a77f-e3b7be450000 |url-status=live |access-date=25 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719095822/https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/jews-least-observant-int-l-poll-finds-1.5287579 |archive-date=19 July 2018}}</ref> [[Kristian]]}}
| related-c   = {{Plainlist|
* [[Samarita]],<ref>{{Cite book |title=Genes, Polymorphisms and the Making of Societies: How Genetic Behavioral Traits Influence Human Cultures |last=Kiaris|first= Hippokratis|publisher=Universal Publishers|year=2012 |isbn=978-1-61233-093-8 |page=21}}</ref><ref name="evolutsioon" /><ref name=DigitalSamaritans>{{Cite book |title=Digital Samaritans: Rhetorical Delivery and Engagement in the Digital Humanities |last=Ridolfo |first=Jim |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-472-07280-4 |page=69}}</ref> [[Arab]],<ref name="evolutsioon">{{Cite journal |last1=Shen |first1=Peidong |last2=Lavi |first2=Tal |last3=Kivisild |first3=Toomas |last4=Chou |first4=Vivian |last5=Sengun |first5=Deniz |last6=Gefel |first6=Dov |last7=Shpirer |first7=Issac |last8=Woolf |first8=Eilon |last9=Hillel |first9=Jossi |last10=Feldman |first10=Marcus W. |last11=Oefner |first11=Peter J. |title=Reconstruction of patrilineages and matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli populations from Y-Chromosome and mitochondrial DNA sequence Variation |journal=Human Mutation |date=September 2004 |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=248–260 |doi=10.1002/humu.20077 |pmid=15300852 |s2cid=1571356 | issn = 1059-7794 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Studies Show Jews' Genetic Similarity|first= Nicholas|last= Wade|date=9 June 2010|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/10/science/10jews.html |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nebel |first1=Almut |last2=Filon |first2=Dvora |last3=Weiss |first3=Deborah A. |last4=Weale |first4=Michael |last5=Faerman |first5=Marina |last6=Oppenheim |first6=Ariella |last7=Thomas |first7=Mark G. |title=High-resolution Y chromosome haplotypes of Israeli and Palestinian Arabs reveal geographic substructure and substantial overlap with haplotypes of Jews |journal=Human Genetics |date=December 2000 |volume=107 |issue=6 |pages=630–641 |doi=10.1007/s004390000426 |pmid=11153918 |s2cid=8136092 }}</ref><ref name="sciencedaily">{{Cite web |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2000/05/000509003653.htm |title=Jews Are the Genetic Brothers of Palestinians, Syrians, and Lebanese |publisher=Sciencedaily.com |date=9 May 2000 |access-date=12 April 2013}}</ref> [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]],<ref name="Abraham 2010">{{Cite journal |last1=Atzmon |first1=Gil |last2=Hao |first2=Li |last3=Pe'er |first3=Itsik |last4=Velez |first4=Christopher |last5=Pearlman |first5=Alexander |last6=Palamara |first6=Pier Francesco |last7=Morrow |first7=Bernice |last8=Friedman |first8=Eitan |last9=Oddoux |first9=Carole |last10=Burns |first10=Edward |last11=Ostrer |first11=Harry |title=Abraham's Children in the Genome Era: Major Jewish Diaspora Populations Comprise Distinct Genetic Clusters with Shared Middle Eastern Ancestry |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=June 2010 |volume=86 |issue=6 |pages=850–859 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.015 |pmid=20560205 |pmc=3032072 }}</ref> enggau [[Pansik genetik bansa Judah|ke bukai]]
}}
}}
{{Contains special characters|Hebrew}}'''Orang Judah''' ({{Lang-he|{{Script/Hebr|יְהוּדִים}}}}, {{Small|[[ISO 259#ISO 259-2|ISO 259-2]]:}} {{Transliteration|he|''Yehudim''}}, {{Small|[[Modern Hebrew|Israeli pronunciation]]:}} {{IPA|he|jehuˈdim|}}) tauka '''bansa Judah''' nya siti raban bansa etno-pengarap<ref name="Jews-are-ethnoreligious-group" /> sereta bansa<ref>*{{Cite book |author=M. Nicholson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HvI8DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA19 |title=International Relations: A Concise Introduction |publisher=NYU Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8147-5822-9 |pages=19–}} "The Jews are a nation and were so before there was a Jewish state of Israel"
*{{Cite book |author=Jacob Neusner |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoju0000neus |title=An Introduction to Judaism: A Textbook and Reader |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-664-25348-6 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductiontoju0000neus/page/375 375]– |url-access=registration}} "That there is a Jewish nation can hardly be denied after the creation of the State of Israel"
*{{Cite book |author=Alan Dowty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vL8r4U1FKSQC&pg=PA3 |title=The Jewish State: A Century Later, Updated With a New Preface |publisher=University of California Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-520-92706-3 |pages=3–}} "Jews are a people, a nation (in the original sense of the word), an ethnos"
*{{Cite web|url=https://louisville.edu/law/library/special-collections/the-louis-d.-brandeis-collection/the-jewish-problem-how-to-solve-it-by-louis-d.-brandeis|title=The Jewish Problem: How To Solve It|first=Louis|last=Brandeis|author-link=Louis Brandeis|date=25 April 1915|publisher=University of Louisville School of Law|access-date=2 April 2012|quote=Jews are a distinctive nationality of which every Jew, whatever his country, his station or shade of belief, is necessarily a member}}
*{{Cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Edward Henry|author-link1=Edward Henry Palmer|title=A History of the Jewish Nation: From the Earliest Times to the Present Day|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofjewishn00palm|access-date=2 April 2012|year= 2002|orig-year=First published 1874|publisher=Gorgias Press|isbn=978-1-931956-69-7|oclc=51578088}}</ref> bepun ari orang Israel di Timur Semak kelia,<ref>*{{Cite book |author=Facts On File, Incorporated |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&pg=PA337 |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East |publisher=Infobase Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4381-2676-0 |pages=337–}}"The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history"
*{{Cite book |last=Spielvogel |first=Jackson J. |title=Western Civilization: Volume A: To 1500 |publisher=Wadsworth Publishing |year=2008 |isbn=9780495502883 |pages=36 |quote=The people of Judah survived, eventually becoming known as the Jews and giving their name to Judaism, the religion of Yahweh, the Israelite God.}}
*{{Cite book |author=Raymond P. Scheindlin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfsuicMmrE0C&pg=PA1 |title=A Short History of the Jewish People: From Legendary Times to Modern Statehood |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-19-513941-9 |pages=1–}} Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites"
*{{Cite book |last=Cline |first=Eric H. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/54913803 |title=Jerusalem Besieged: From Ancient Canaan to Modern Israel |publisher=[[University of Michigan Press]] |year=2004 |isbn=0-472-11313-5 |location=Ann Arbor |pages=33 |oclc=54913803 |quote=Few would seriously challenge the belief that most modern Jews are descended from the ancient Hebrews |author-link=Eric H. Cline}}
*{{Cite book |author=Harry Ostrer MD |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RayZR3V1SFwC&pg=PT26 |title=Legacy: A Genetic History of the Jewish People |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-19-997638-6 |pages=19–22}}</ref> lalu pengarap asal iya nya [[pengarap Judah]].<ref name="Britannica">{{Cite web |title=Jew &#124; History, Beliefs, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Jew-people |access-date=20 August 2022 |website=Britannica |language=en |quote= any person whose religion is Judaism. In the broader sense of the term, a Jew is any person belonging to the worldwide group that constitutes, through descent or conversion, a continuation of the ancient Jewish people, who were themselves descendants of the Hebrews of the Bible (Old Testament). |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901033920/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Jew-people |archive-date= 1 September 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/jew |title=Jew |publisher=Cambridge Dictionary |quote="a member of a people whose traditional religion is Judaism" |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706024026/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/jew |archive-date= 6 July 2021 }}<br />{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/jew |title=Jew |publisher=Oxford Dictionary |quote="a member of the people and cultural community whose traditional religion is Judaism and who come from the ancient Hebrew people of Israel; a person who believes in and practises Judaism" |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213075948/https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/jew |archive-date= 13 February 2023 }}<br />{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/jew |title=Jew |publisher=Collins |quote="a person whose religion is Judaism", "a member of the Semitic people who claim descent from the ancient Hebrew people of Israel, are spread throughout the world, and are linked by cultural or religious ties" |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722022904/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/jew |archive-date= 22 July 2023 }}</ref> Etnik, pengarap, enggau komuniti orang Judah amat bekaul enggau pangan diri,<ref name="Lederhendler20012">{{Cite book |author=Eli Lederhendler |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1wvahJv83AgC&pg=PA101 |title=Studies in Contemporary Jewry: Volume XVII: Who Owns Judaism? Public Religion and Private Faith in America and Israel |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-534896-5 |pages=101–}} "Historically, the religious and ethnic dimensions of Jewish identity have been closely interwoven. In fact, so closely bound are they, that the traditional Jewish lexicon hardly distinguishes between the two concepts. Jewish religious practice, by definition, was observed exclusively by the Jewish people, and notions of Jewish peoplehood, nation, and community were suffused with faith in the Jewish God, the practice of Jewish (religious) law and the study of ancient religious texts"</ref><ref name="Yee20052">{{Cite book |author=Tet-Lim N. Yee |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x4OwXhMOn5cC&pg=PA102 |title=Jews, Gentiles and Ethnic Reconciliation: Paul's Jewish identity and Ephesians |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-139-44411-8 |pages=102–}} "This identification in the Jewish attitude between the ethnic group and religious identity is so close that the reception into this religion of members not belonging to its ethnic group has become impossible."</ref> ketegal pengarap Judah nya pengarap raban bansa,<ref name="Nicholson20022">{{Cite book |author=M. Nicholson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HvI8DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA19 |title=International Relations: A Concise Introduction |publisher=NYU Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8147-5822-9 |pages=19–}} "The Jews are a nation and were so before there was a Jewish state of Israel"</ref><ref name="Dowty19982">{{Cite book |author=Alan Dowty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vL8r4U1FKSQC&pg=PA3 |title=The Jewish State: A Century Later, Updated With a New Preface |publisher=University of California Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-520-92706-3 |pages=3–}} "Jews are a people, a nation (in the original sense of the word), an ethnos"</ref> taja enda semua orang Judah megai pengarap tu.<ref name="KrauszTulea2">{{Cite book |author1=Ernest Krausz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnxv-Mlz0JIC&pg=PA90 |title=Jewish Survival: The Identity Problem at the Close of the Twentieth Century; &#91;... International Workshop at Bar-Ilan University on the 18th and 19th of March, 1997&#93; |author2=Gitta Tulea |publisher=Transaction Publishers |year=1997 |isbn=978-1-4128-2689-1 |pages=90–}} "A person born Jewish who refutes Judaism may continue to assert a Jewish identity, and if he or she does not convert to another religion, even religious Jews will recognize the person as a Jew"</ref><ref name="Pew">{{Cite web |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 October 2013 |title=A Portrait of Jewish Americans |url=https://www.pewforum.org/2013/10/01/jewish-american-beliefs-attitudes-culture-survey/ |website=Pew Research Center |quote=But the survey also suggests that Jewish identity is changing in America, where one-in-five Jews (22%) now describe themselves as having no religion.}}</ref> Taja pia, orang Judah ke bepengarap ngumbai individu ke udah tama pengarap Judah enggau formal nyadi sebagi ari komuniti.<ref name="KrauszTulea2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC - Religions - Judaism: Converting to Judaism |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/judaism/beliefs/conversion.shtml |access-date=29 September 2023 |website=www.bbc.co.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Penyanding ==
<references />

== Nota ==
Orang Judah (,  ,  ) tauka bansa Judah nya siti raban bansa etno-pengarap sereta bansa* "The Jews are a nation and were so before there was a Jewish state of Israel"
 "That there is a Jewish nation can hardly be denied after the creation of the State of Israel"
 "Jews are a people, a nation (in the original sense of the word), an ethnos" bepun ari orang Israel di Timur Semak kelia,*"The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history"

 Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites" lalu pengarap asal iya nya pengarap Judah. Etnik, pengarap, enggau komuniti orang Judah amat bekaul enggau pangan diri, "Historically, the religious and ethnic dimensions of Jewish identity have been closely interwoven. In fact, so closely bound are they, that the traditional Jewish lexicon hardly distinguishes between the two concepts. Jewish religious practice, by definition, was observed exclusively by the Jewish people, and notions of Jewish peoplehood, nation, and community were suffused with faith in the Jewish God, the practice of Jewish (religious) law and the study of ancient religious texts" "This identification in the Jewish attitude between the ethnic group and religious identity is so close that the reception into this religion of members not belonging to its ethnic group has become impossible." ketegal pengarap Judah nya pengarap raban bansa, "The Jews are a nation and were so before there was a Jewish state of Israel" "Jews are a people, a nation (in the original sense of the word), an ethnos" taja enda semua orang Judah megai pengarap tu. "A person born Jewish who refutes Judaism may continue to assert a Jewish identity, and if he or she does not convert to another religion, even religious Jews will recognize the person as a Jew" Taja pia, orang Judah ke bepengarap ngumbai individu ke udah tama pengarap Judah enggau formal nyadi sebagi ari komuniti.

 Penyanding 

 Nota