Empayar Ottoman
{{Infobox country
| common_name            = Empayar Ottoman
| life_span              = {{Circa}} 1299–1922
| native_name            = {{Ubl|{{Lang|ota|دولت عليه عثمانیه}}|<small>{{Transliteration|ota|Devlet-i ʿAlīye-i ʿO<u>s</u>mānīye}}</small>}}
| conventional_long_name = Menua Ottoman Besai
| status                 = [[Empayar]]
| image_coat             = [[Fail:Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire (1882–1922).svg|70px]]
| image_flag             = Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg
| flag_type_article      = [[Flags of the Ottoman Empire]]
| flag_type              = [[Flags of the Ottoman Empire|Flag]]<br />{{Nowrap|(1844–1922)}}
| symbol_type_article    = [[Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire]]
| symbol_type            = [[Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire|Coat of arms]]<br />{{Nowrap|(1882–1922)}}
| image_map              = {{Switcher|[[Fail:OttomanEmpire1481.png|upright=1.15|frameless]]|The Ottoman Empire in 1481|[[Fail:OttomanEmpire1566.png|upright=1.15|frameless]]|The Ottoman Empire in 1566|[[Fail:OttomanEmpireMain.png|upright=1.15|frameless]]|The Ottoman Empire in 1683|
[[Fail:OttomanEmpire1739.png|upright=1.15|frameless]]|The Ottoman Empire in 1739|[[Fail:OttomanEmpire1914.png|upright=1.15|frameless]]|The Ottoman Empire in 1914|default=5}}
| national_motto         = {{Ubl|{{Lang|ota|دولت ابدمدت}}|{{Transliteration|ota|Devlet-i Ebed-müddet}}|"The Eternal State"<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=McDonald |first1=Sean |last2=Moore |first2=Simon |date=2015-10-20 |title=Communicating Identity in the Ottoman Empire and Some Implications for Contemporary States |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/15456870.2015.1090439 |journal=Atlantic Journal of Communication |volume=23 |issue=5 |pages=269–283 |doi=10.1080/15456870.2015.1090439 |issn=1545-6870 |s2cid=146299650 |access-date=24 March 2021 |archive-date=14 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114151026/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15456870.2015.1090439 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
| national_anthem        = {{Collapsible list
 | title = Various
 |"[[Mahmudiye Marşı]]"<br/>(1829–1839, 1918–1922){{Center|[[Fail:Mahmudiye Marşı.ogg]]}}
 |"[[Mecidiye Marşı]]"<br/>(1839–1861){{Center|[[Fail:Mecidiye Marşı.ogg]]}}
 |"[[Aziziye Marşı]]"<br />(1861–1876){{Center|}}
 |"[[Hamidiye Marşı]]" (modified)<br/>(1876–1909){{Center|[[Fail:Hamidiye_Marşı.ogg]]}}
 |"[[Reşadiye Marşı]]"<br />(1909–1918){{Center|[[Fail:Marche_de_sa_Majesté_Impériale_Le_Sultan_Mohammed_V._par_Italo_Selvelli.ogg]]}}
}}
| capital                = {{Plainlist|
* [[Söğüt]]<ref name="Shaw-13">{{Cite book |first1=Stanford |last1=Shaw |first2=Ezel |last2=Shaw |date=1977 |title=History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=I |isbn=978-0-521-29166-8 |page=13}}</ref>
* ({{Circa}} 1299–1331)
* [[Nicaea]] ([[İznik]]){{Sfn|Atasoy|Raby|1989|p=19–20}}
* (1331–1335)
* [[Bursa]]<ref name="auto">"In 1363 the Ottoman capital moved from Bursa to Edirne<!--Do not change as this is an exact quote-->, although Bursa retained its spiritual and economic importance." [http://www.kultur.gov.tr/–EN,33810/ottoman-capital-bursa.html ''Ottoman Capital Bursa''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305185907/http://www.kultur.gov.tr/%e2%80%93en,33810/ottoman-capital-bursa.html |date=5 March 2016 }}. Official website of [[Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Turkey]]. Retrieved 26 June 2013.</ref>
* (1335–1363)
* [[Adrianople]] ([[Edirne]])<ref name="auto"/>
* (1363–1453)
* [[Constantinople]] ([[Istanbul]]){{Efn|In Ottoman Turkish, the city was known by various names, among which were {{Transliteration|ota|Ḳosṭanṭīnīye}} ({{Lang|ota|قسطنطينيه}}) (replacing the suffix ''-polis'' with the Arabic suffix), ''Istanbul'' ({{Lang|ota|استنبول}}) and ''Islambol'' ({{Lang|ota|اسلامبول}}, {{Lit|full of Islam}}); see [[Names of Istanbul]]). Kostantiniyye became obsolete in Turkish after the [[proclamation of the Republic of Turkey]] in 1923,<ref name="Edhemp286">{{Cite book |last=Edhem |first=Eldem |chapter=Istanbul |editor-first=Ágoston |editor-last=Gábor |editor-first2=Bruce Alan |editor-last2=Masters |title=Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire |publisher=Infobase |date=21 May 2010 |isbn=978-1-4381-1025-7 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=QjzYdCxumFcC&pg=PA286 286] |quote=With the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, all previous names were abandoned and Istanbul came to designate the entire city.}}</ref> and after Turkey's transition to Latin script in 1928,<ref>{{Cite book
| title= History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey
| volume= 2: Reform, Revolution, and Republic: The Rise of Modern Turkey 1808–1975
| author1-first= Stanford J. 
| author2-first= Ezel Kural
| author1-last= Shaw | author2-last= Shaw
| publisher= Cambridge University Press
 |date= 1977b | isbn= 9780511614972 | doi= 10.1017/CBO9780511614972
}}</ref> the Turkish government in 1930 requested that foreign embassies and companies use ''Istanbul'', and that name became widely accepted internationally.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shaw|Shaw|1977b|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=AIET_7ji7YAC&pg=PA386 386], volume 2}}; {{Cite book |author=Robinson |date=1965 |title=The First Turkish Republic |page=298}}; {{Cite web |last=Society |date=2014-03-04 |title=Istanbul, not Constantinople |url=http://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/mar28/istanbul-not-constantinople |access-date=2019-03-28 |publisher=National Geographic Society |language=en |archive-date=7 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707175747/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/mar28/istanbul-not-constantinople/ |url-status=deviated }})</ref> Eldem Edhem, author of an entry on Istanbul in ''Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire'', stated that the majority of the Turkish people {{Circa|2010}}, including historians, believe using "Constantinople" to refer to the Ottoman-era city is "politically incorrect" despite any historical accuracy.<ref name=Edhemp286/><!--From https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopedia_of_the_Ottoman_Empire/QjzYdCxumFcC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22With+the+collapse+of+the+Ottoman+Empire+and+the+establishment+of+the+Republic+of+Turkey,+all+previous+names+were+abandoned+and+Istanbul+came+to+designate+the+entire+city.%22&pg=PA286&printsec=frontcover "Today the use of the name Constantinople to describe the Ottoman capital,[...]" which means he was speaking about people in 2010 -->}} 
* (1453–1922)}}
| common_languages       = {{Hlist|
| [[Arabic]]{{Efn|[[Liturgical language]]; among Arabic-speaking citizens}}
| [[Persian language|Persian]]{{Efn|Court, diplomacy, poetry, historiographical works, literary works, taught in state schools, and offered as an elective course or recommended for study in some ''[[madrasa]]s''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Inan |first1=Murat Umut |editor1-last=Green |editor1-first=Nile |chapter = Imperial Ambitions, Mystical Aspirations: Persian Learning in the Ottoman World|title=The Persianate World: The Frontiers of a Eurasian Lingua Franca |date=2019 |publisher=University of California Press |pages=88–89 |quote=As the Ottoman Turks learned Persian, the language and the culture it carried seeped not only into their court and imperial institutions but also into their vernacular language and culture. The appropriation of Persian, both as a second language and as a language to be steeped together with Turkish, was encouraged notably by the sultans, the ruling class, and leading members of the mystical communities.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Tezcan |first1=Baki |editor1-last=Rabasa |editor1-first=José |title=The Oxford History of Historical Writing: Volume 3: 1400-1800 The Oxford History of Historical Writing: Volume 3: 1400-1800 |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=192–211 |chapter=Ottoman Historical Writing |quote=Persian served as a ‘minority’ prestige language of culture at the largely Turcophone Ottoman court.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Flynn |first=Thomas O. |title=The Western Christian Presence in the Russias and Qājār Persia, c.1760–c.1870 |date=2017 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-31354-5 |language=en |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cOAzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA30 |page=30 |access-date=21 October 2022 |archive-date=14 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114151110/https://books.google.com/books?id=cOAzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA30 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Fortna |first=B. |date=2012 |title=Learning to Read in the Late Ottoman Empire and the Early Turkish Republic |page=50 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-230-30041-5 |quote=Although in the late Ottoman period Persian was taught in the state schools... |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Bh_DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA50 |access-date=21 October 2022 |archive-date=21 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021205028/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Bh_DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA50 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Spuler |first=Bertold |title=Persian Historiography and Geography |page=68 |date=2003 |publisher=Pustaka Nasional Pte |isbn=978-9971-77-488-2 |quote=On the whole, the circumstance in Turkey took a similar course: in Anatolia, the Persian language had played a significant role as the carrier of civilization. [...] where it was at time, to some extent, the language of diplomacy [...] However Persian maintained its position also during the early Ottoman period in the composition of histories and even Sultan Salim I, a bitter enemy of Iran and the Shi'ites, wrote poetry in Persian. Besides some poetical adaptations, the most important historiographical works are: Idris Bidlisi's flowery "Hasht Bihist", or Seven Paradises, begun in 1502 by the request of Sultan Bayazid II and covering the first eight Ottoman rulers... |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rD1vvympVtsC&pg=PA68 |access-date=21 October 2022 |archive-date=14 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114151032/https://books.google.com/books?id=rD1vvympVtsC&pg=PA68 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Fetvacı |first=Emine |date=2013 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |title=Picturing History at the Ottoman Court |page=31 |isbn=978-0-253-00678-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f67qIxJrpTMC&pg=PA31 |quote=Persian literature, and belles-lettres in particular, were part of the curriculum: a Persian dictionary, a manual on prose composition; and Sa'dis 'Gulistan', one of the classics of Persian poetry, were borrowed. All these titles would be appropriate in the religious and cultural education of the newly converted young men. |access-date=21 October 2022 |archive-date=21 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021205027/https://books.google.com/books?id=f67qIxJrpTMC&pg=PA31 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Persian Historiography: A History of Persian Literature |editor-last=Yarshater |editor-first=Ehsan |editor-link=Ehsan Yarshater |date=359 |volume=10 |page=437 |publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=978-0-85773-657-4 |quote=Persian held a privileged place in Ottoman letters. Persian historical literature was first patronized during the reign of Mehmed II and continued unabated until the end of the 16th century. |editor-last2=Melville |editor-first2=Charles |editor-link2=Charles P. Melville |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s6SmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT359 |access-date=21 October 2022 |archive-date=21 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021205027/https://books.google.com/books?id=s6SmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT359 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Inan |first1=Murat Umut |editor1-last=Green |editor1-first=Nile |editor1-link=Nile Green |title=The Persianate World The Frontiers of a Eurasian Lingua Franca |date=2019 |publisher=University of California Press |page=92 (note 27) |chapter=Imperial Ambitions, Mystical Aspirations: Persian learning in the Ottoman World|quote=Though Persian, unlike Arabic, was not included in the typical curriculum of an Ottoman madrasa, the language was offered as an elective course or recommended for study in some madrasas. For those Ottoman madrasa curricula featuring Persian, see Cevat İzgi, Osmanlı Medreselerinde İlim, 2 vols. (Istanbul: İz, 1997),1: 167–69.}}</ref>}}
| [[Greek language|Greek]]{{Efn|Among Greek-speaking community; spoken by some sultans.}}
| [[Chagatai language|Chagatai]]{{Efn|Decrees in the 15th century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ayşe Gül Sertkaya |title=Archivum Ottomanicum |date=2002 |editor-last=György Hazai |volume=20 |pages=114–115 |chapter=Şeyhzade Abdurrezak Bahşı |quote=As a result, we can claim that ''Şeyhzade Abdürrezak Bahşı'' was a scribe lived in the palaces of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror and his son Bayezid-i Veli in the 15th century, wrote letters (''bitig'') and firmans (''yarlığ'') sent to Eastern Turks by Mehmed II and Bayezid II in both Uighur and Arabic scripts and in East Turkestan (Chagatai) language. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h11pAAAAMAAJ&q=%22As+a+result%2C+we+can%22 |access-date=23 October 2022 |archive-date=24 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024132428/https://books.google.com/books?id=h11pAAAAMAAJ&q=%22As+a+result,+we+can%22 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
| [[French language|French]]{{Efn|Foreign language among educated people in the post-[[Tanzimat]]/late imperial period.<ref name="Strauss-2010">{{Cite book |last=Strauss |first=Johann |title=The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy |date=2010 |publisher=[[Orient-Institut Istanbul]] |editor-last=Herzog, Christoph |location=[[Würzburg]] |pages=21–51 |chapter=A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the ''Kanun-ı Esasi'' and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages |editor-last2=Malek Sharif |chapter-url=https://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/menalib/download/pdf/2734659?originalFilename=true |access-date=15 September 2019 |archive-date=11 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011233851/https://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/menalib/download/pdf/2734659?originalFilename=true |url-status=live }} ([http://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/urn/urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:5-91645 info page on book] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920231333/http://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/urn/urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:5-91645 |date=20 September 2019 }} at [[Martin Luther University]]) // CITED: p. 26 (PDF p. 28): "French had become a sort of semi-official language in the Ottoman Empire in the wake of the ''Tanzimat'' reforms.[...] It is true that French was not an ethnic language of the Ottoman Empire. But it was the only Western language which would become increasingly widespread among educated persons in all linguistic communities."</ref>}}
| [[Languages of the Ottoman Empire|many others]]}}
| official_languages     = [[Ottoman Turkish]]
| religion               = {{Plainlist|
* [[Sunni Islam]] ([[State religion|state]])
* [[Madhab|School]]: [[Hanafi]]}}
| government_type        = {{Plainlist|
* [[Absolute monarchy]] 
* ({{Circa}} 1299–1876; 1878–1908; 1920–1922)
* [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy]] 
* (1876–1878; 1908–1920)
* [[Three Pashas|Triumvirate dictatorship]] 
* (1913–1918)}}
| title_leader           = [[List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire|Sultan]]
| leader1                = [[Osman I]]
| year_leader1           = {{Nowrap|{{Circa}} 1299–1323/4 (first)}}
| leader2                = [[Mehmed VI]]
| year_leader2           = 1918–1922 (last)
| title_representative   = [[List of caliphs#Ottoman Caliphate (1517–1924)|Caliph]]
| year_representative1   = 1517–1520 (first)
| representative1        = [[Selim I]]<ref name="Lambton-1995"/>{{Efn|The sultan from 1512 to 1520.}}
| year_representative2   = 1922–1924 (last)
| representative2        = [[Abdulmejid II]]
| title_deputy           = [[List of Ottoman grand viziers|Grand vizier]]
| deputy1                = [[Alaeddin Pasha (vizier)|Alaeddin Pasha]]
| year_deputy1           = 1320–1331 (first)
| deputy2                = [[Ahmet Tevfik Pasha]]
| year_deputy2           = 1920–1922 (last)
| legislature            = {{Nowrap|[[General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire|General Assembly]]<br />(1876–1878; 1908–1920)}}
| house1                 = {{Nowrap|[[Senate of the Ottoman Empire|Chamber of Notables]]<br />(1876–1878; 1908–1920)}}
| type_house1            = Upper house (unelected)
| house2                 = {{Nowrap|[[Chamber of Deputies of the Ottoman Empire|Chamber of Deputies]]<br />(1876–1878; 1908–1920)}}
| type_house2            = Lower house (elected)
| event_start            = [[Rise of the Ottoman Empire|Founded]]
| year_start             = {{Circa|1299}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pamuk|first=Şevket|title=A Monetary History of the Ottoman Empire|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2000|isbn=0-521-44197-8|pages=30–31|quote=The Ottomans began to strike coins in the name of [[Orhan]] Bey in 1326. These earliest coins carried inscriptions such as "the great Sultan, Orhan son of Osman" [...] Ottoman historiography has adopted 1299 as the date for the foundation of the state. 1299 might represent the date at which the Ottomans finally obtained their independence from the [[Seljuk dynasty|Seljuk]] sultan at [[Konya]]. Probably, they were forced at the same time, or very soon thereafter, to accept the overlordship of the [[Ilkhanids]] [...] Numismatic evidence thus suggest that independence did not really occur until 1326.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Htk3Wn789EQC&pg=PA30|access-date=21 October 2022|archive-date=14 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114151034/https://books.google.com/books?id=Htk3Wn789EQC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref>
| date_start             = 
| event_end              = [[Turkey|Republic of Turkey]] established
| year_end               = 1923{{Efn|The [[Treaty of Sèvres]] (10 August 1920) afforded a small existence to the Ottoman Empire. On 1 November 1922, the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey|Grand National Assembly]] (GNAT) abolished the sultanate and declared that all the deeds of the Ottoman regime in Constantinople<!--As it's still not 1923 yet--> were null and void as of 16 March 1920, the date of the [[occupation of Constantinople]] under the terms of the Treaty of Sèvres. The international recognition of the GNAT and the [[Government of the Grand National Assembly|Government of Ankara]] was achieved through the signing of the [[Treaty of Lausanne (1923)|Treaty of Lausanne]] on 24 July 1923. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey promulgated the Republic on 29 October 1923, which ended the Ottoman Empire in history.}}
| date_end               = 29 October
| event1                 = [[Ottoman Interregnum|Interregnum]]
| date_event1            = 1402–1413
| event2                 = [[Fall of Constantinople|Conquest of Constantinople]]
| date_event2            = 29 May 1453
| event4                 = [[First Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)|Constitutional Era I]]
| date_event4            = 1876–1878
| event5                 = [[Second Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)|Constitutional Era II]]
| date_event5            = 1908–1920
| event6                 = [[Raid on the Sublime Porte|Ottoman coup d'état]]
| date_event6            = 23 January 1913
| event7                 = [[Abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate|Sultanate abolished]]
| date_event7            = 1 November 1922{{Efn|1 November 1922 marks the formal ending of the Ottoman Empire. Mehmed VI departed Constantinople on 17 November 1922.}}
| event_post             = [[Abolition of the Caliphate|Caliphate abolished]]
| date_post              = 3 March 1924
| stat_year1             = 1481
| stat_area1             = 1,220,000
| ref_area1              = <ref name="Taagepera-1997">{{Cite journal |last=Rein Taagepera |author-link=Rein Taagepera |date=September 1997 |title=Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia |url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3cn68807 |journal=[[International Studies Quarterly]] |volume=41 |issue=3 |page=498 |doi=10.1111/0020-8833.00053 |jstor=2600793 |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=19 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119114740/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cn68807 |url-status=live  | issn = 0020-8833}}</ref>
| stat_year2             = 1521
| stat_area2             = 3,400,000
| ref_area2              = <ref name="Taagepera-1997" />
| stat_year3             = 1683
| stat_area3             = 5,200,000
| ref_area3              = <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Turchin |first1=Peter |last2=Adams |first2=Jonathan M. |last3=Hall |first3=Thomas D |date=December 2006 |title=East-West Orientation of Historical Empires |url=http://jwsr.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/jwsr/article/view/369/381 |journal=Journal of World-Systems Research |volume=12 |issue=2 |page=223 |issn=1076-156X |access-date=12 September 2016 |archive-date=20 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520161830/http://jwsr.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/jwsr/article/view/369/381 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| stat_year4             = 1913
| stat_area4             = 2,550,000
| ref_area4              = <ref name="Taagepera-1997"/>
| stat_year5             = 1912
| stat_pop5              = 24,000,000
| ref_pop5               = <ref name="Erickson2003">{{Cite book |last=Erickson |first=Edward J. |title=Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913 |date=2003 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-97888-4 |page=59}}</ref>
| demonym                = Ottoman
| GDP_PPP                = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 
| currency               = [[Akçe]], [[sultani]], [[Para (currency)|para]], [[kuruş]] ([[piastre]]), [[Ottoman lira|lira]] 
{{Collapsed infobox section begin|td=yes|Predecessor states and successor states}}
| p1                     = Sultanate of Rum
| p2                     = Anatolian beyliks
| p3                     = Byzantine Empire
| p4                     = Despotate of the Morea{{!}}Despotate of the Morea
| p5                     = Empire of Trebizond
| p6                     = Principality of Theodoro
| p7                     = Second Bulgarian Empire
| p8                     = Tsardom of Vidin
| p9                     = Despotate of Dobruja
| p10                    = Despotate of Lovech
| p11                    = Serbian Despotate
| p12                    = Kingdom of Bosnia
| p13                    = Zeta under the Crnojevići{{!}}Zeta
| p14                    = Kingdom of Hungary
| p15                    = Croatia in union with Hungary{{!}}Kingdom of Croatia
| p16                    = League of Lezhë
| p17                    = Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo){{!}}Mamluk Sultanate
| p18                    = Hafsid dynasty{{!}}Hafsid Kingdom
| p19                    = Aq Qoyunlu
| p20                    = Hospitaller Tripoli
| p21                    = Kingdom of Tlemcen
| s1                     = Government of the Grand National Assembly{{!}}State of Turkey
| s2                     = First Hellenic Republic{{!}}Hellenic Republic
| s3                     = Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917){{!}}Caucasus Viceroyalty
| s4                     = Principality of Bulgaria
| s5                     = Eastern Rumelia
| s6                     = Independent Albania{{!}}Albania
| s7                     = Kingdom of Romania
| s8                     = Revolutionary Serbia
| s9                     = Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina{{!}}Bosnia and Herzegovina
| s10                    = Principality of Montenegro
| s11                    = Idrisid Emirate of Asir{{!}}Emirate of Asir
| s12                    = Kingdom of Hejaz
| s13                    = Occupied Enemy Territory Administration{{!}}OETA
| s14                    = Mandatory Iraq
| s15                    = French Algeria
| s16                    = British Cyprus
| s17                    = French protectorate of Tunisia{{!}}French Tunisia
| s18                    = Italian Tripolitania
| s19                    = Italian Cyrenaica
| s20                    = Sheikhdom of Kuwait
| s21                    = Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen{{!}}Kingdom of Yemen
| s22                    = Sultanate of Egypt
| footnotes              = 
}}
{{Collapsed infobox section end}}
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'''Empayar Ottoman''',{{Efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɒ|t|ə|m|ə|n}}{{Indent}}{{*}}{{Lang-ota|دولت عليه عثمانيه|Devlet-i ʿAlīye-i ʿO<u>s</u>mānīye||Sublime Ottoman State|lit=Sublime Ottoman State}}{{Indent}}{{*}}{{Lang-tr|Osmanlı İmparatorluğu}} or {{Lang|tr|Osmanlı Devleti}}{{Indent}}{{*}}{{Lang-fr|Empire ottoman}}, the common Western language among the educated in the late Ottoman Empire<ref name="Strauss-2010"/><!--French has affinity with the late Ottoman Empire from Tanzimat until 1923, see [[Languages of the Ottoman Empire]]-->{{Indent}}[[Languages of the Ottoman Empire|Minority languages]]: 
{{Indent}}{{*}}{{Lang-hyw|Օսմանեան տէրութիւն|Osmanean Têrut'iwn|Ottoman Authority/Governance/Rule}}, {{Lang-hyw|Օսմանեան պետութիւն|Osmanean Petut'iwn|Ottoman State|label=none}} and {{Lang-hyw|Օսմանեան կայսրութիւն|Osmanean Kaysrut'iwn|Ottoman Empire|label=none}} 
{{Indent}}{{*}}{{Lang-bg|Османска империя|Otomanskata Imperiya}}; {{Lang|bg|Отоманска империя}} is an archaic version. The definite article forms {{Lang|bg|Османската империя}} and {{Lang|bg|Османска империя}} were synonymous 
{{Indent}}{{*}}{{Lang-el|Оθωμανική Επικράτεια|Othōmanikē Epikrateia}} and {{Lang-el|Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία|Othōmanikē Avtokratoria|label=none}} 
{{Indent}}{{*}}{{Lang-lad|Imperio otomano}}<ref name="Strauss-2010a">{{Cite book |last=Strauss |first=Johann |title=The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy |date=2010 |publisher=[[Orient-Institut Istanbul]] |editor-last=Herzog, Christoph |location=[[Würzburg]] |pages=21–51 |chapter=A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the ''Kanun-ı Esasi'' and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages |editor-last2=Malek Sharif |chapter-url=https://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/menalib/download/pdf/2734659?originalFilename=true |access-date=15 September 2019 |archive-date=11 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011233851/https://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/menalib/download/pdf/2734659?originalFilename=true |url-status=live }} ([http://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/urn/urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:5-91645 info page on book] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920231333/http://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/urn/urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:5-91645 |date=20 September 2019 }} at [[Martin Luther University]]) // CITED: p. 36 (PDF p. 38/338)</ref>}} tau dikelala mega enggau nama '''Empayar Turki''',<ref>{{Cite journal |last=P. |first=E. A. |date=1916 |title=Review of The Caliph's Last Heritage: A Short History of the Turkish Empire |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1779249 |journal=The Geographical Journal |volume=47 |issue=6 |pages=470–472 |doi=10.2307/1779249 |issn=0016-7398 |jstor=1779249 |access-date=10 July 2022 |archive-date=10 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710152110/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1779249 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Baykara |first= Prof. Tuncer |date=2017 |title=A Study into the Concepts of Turkey and Turkistan which were used for the Ottoman State in XIXth Century |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/330026 |journal=Journal of Atatürk and the History of Turkish Republic|volume=1 |pages= 179–190  |access-date=26 March 2024 |archive-date=26 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126030712/https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/330026 |url-status=live }}</ref> ranah empayar{{Efn|The [[Ottoman dynasty]] also held the title "[[List of caliphs#Ottoman Caliphate (1517–1924)|caliph]]" from the Ottoman victory over the [[Mamluk Sultanate|Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo]] in the [[Battle of Ridaniya]] in 1517 to the [[abolition of the Caliphate]] by the Turkish Republic in 1924.}} bepalan ba [[Anatolia]] ti mungkur mayuh endur ba [[Eropah Tenggara]], [[Asia Barat]], enggau [[Afrika Utara]] ari abad ke-14 ngagai pun abad ke-20; iya mega nguasa sekeda endur ba tenggara [[Eropah Tengah]] entara pun abad ke-16 enggau pun abad ke-18.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wq7kw |title=The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718 |date=2011-08-12 |publisher=Purdue University Press |isbn=978-1-61249-179-0 |editor-last=Ingrao |editor-first=Charles |doi=10.2307/j.ctt6wq7kw.12 |jstor=j.ctt6wq7kw |editor-last2=Samardžić |editor-first2=Nikola |editor-last3=Pešalj |editor-first3=Jovan |access-date=26 December 2023 |archive-date=20 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220040810/https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wq7kw |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Szabó |first=János B. |chapter=The Ottoman Conquest in Hungary: Decisive Events (Belgrade 1521, Mohács 1526, Vienna 1529, Buda 1541) and Results |date=2019 |url=https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004396234/BP000013.xml |title=The Battle for Central Europe |pages=263–275 |access-date=2023-12-19 |publisher=Brill |language=en |doi=10.1163/9789004396234_013 |isbn=978-90-04-39623-4|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Moačanin |first=Nenad |chapter=The Ottoman Conquest and Establishment in Croatia and Slavonia |date=2019 |url=https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004396234/BP000014.xml |title=The Battle for Central Europe |pages=277–286 |access-date=2023-12-19 |publisher=Brill |language=en |doi=10.1163/9789004396234_014 |isbn=978-90-04-39623-4 |doi-access=free |archive-date=15 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115185458/https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004396234/BP000014.xml |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Penyanding ==
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Empayar Ottoman, tau dikelala mega enggau nama Empayar Turki, ranah empayar bepalan ba Anatolia ti mungkur mayuh endur ba Eropah Tenggara, Asia Barat, enggau Afrika Utara ari abad ke-14 ngagai pun abad ke-20; iya mega nguasa sekeda endur ba tenggara Eropah Tengah entara pun abad ke-16 enggau pun abad ke-18.

 Penyanding