Estonia
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Republik Estonia
| common_name            = Estonia
| native_name            = {{Native name|et|Eesti Vabariik}}
| image_flag             = Flag of Estonia.svg
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of Estonia.svg
| symbol_width           = 88px
| national_anthem        = <br/>''[[Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm]]''<br/>(Iban: "Menua Asal Aku, Pengelantang enggau Pengaga Aku"<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.eesti.ee/en/republic-of-estonia/republic-of-estonia/national-anthem-of-the-republic-of-estonia |title=National anthem of the Republic of Estonia |website=Eesti.ee |access-date=15 April 2024}}</ref>)<br/>{{Parabr}}{{Center|[[Fail:US Navy band - National anthem of Estonia.ogg|alt=sound file of Estonian national anthem]]}}
| image_map              = EU-Estonia.svg
| map_caption            = {{Map caption|location_color=dark green |region=Europe |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[European Union]] |subregion_color=green |legend=EU-Estonia.svg}}
| capital                = [[Tallinn]]
| coordinates            = {{Coord|59|25|N|24|45|E|type:city}}
| largest_city           = capital
| languages_type         = Official language
| languages              = [[Estonian language|Estonian]]{{Efn|name=language|Including both the official standard Estonian language and [[South Estonian]] (spoken in southeast Estonia) which encompasses the Tartu, Mulgi, [[Võro language|Võro]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/vro | title=Vro &#124; ISO 639-3 }}</ref> and [[Seto dialect|Seto]] [[Dialect#Dialect or language|varieties]]. There is no academic consensus on the status of South Estonian as a dialect or language.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Itämerensuomalaiset kielet ja niiden päämurteet. |last=Grünthal |first=Riho|author2=Anneli Sarhimaa|year=2004 |publisher=Finno-Ugrian Society |location=Helsinki }}</ref><ref name="Sammallahti 1977">{{Citation|first=Pekka|last=Sammallahti|title=Suomalaisten esihistorian kysymyksiä|year=1977|journal=Virittäjä|pages=119–136|url=http://www.kotikielenseura.fi/virittaja/hakemistot/jutut/1977_119.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|first=Johanna|last=Laakso|contribution=The Finnic Languages|year=2014|title=The Circum-Baltic Languages: Typology and Contact|editor1-first=Östen|editor1-last=Dahl|editor2-first=Maria|editor2-last=Koptjevskaja-Tamm|publisher=[[John Benjamins Publishing Company]]|location=Amsterdam}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|first=Karl|last=Pajusalu |year=2009|title=The reforming of the Southern Finnic language area|journal=Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne|volume=258|pages=95–107|issn=0355-0230|url=http://www.sgr.fi/sust/sust258/sust258_pajusalu.pdf|access-date=2015-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last = Salminen| first = Tapani| year = 2003| title = Uralic Languages| url = http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/fu.html|access-date  = 2015-10-17}}</ref>}}
{{Infobox|child=yes
| label1 = [[Ethnic groups]]    {{Nobold|(2024<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://andmed.stat.ee/en/stat/rahvastik__rahvastikunaitajad-ja-koosseis__rahvaarv-ja-rahvastiku-koosseis/RV0222U/table/tableViewLayout2 | title=Rv0222U: Population by Sex, Ethnic Nationality and County, 1 January }}</ref>)}}
| data1 = {{Ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap; |68% [[Estonians]] |22% [[Russians in Estonia|Russians]] |5% [[Ukrainians]]<ref>Figures provided by Statistics Estonia correspond to number of official residents only (i.e include over 55,600 ethnic Ukrainians who are officially resident in Estonia); the figures do not include another estimated 50,000 people who, as Ukrainian war refugees, are staying in Estonia but have not registered a place of residence there.</ref> |5% [[Demographics of Estonia|other]]|0.6% unknown<ref>By Estonian law, ethnicity is registered via self-declaration (which is not mandatory).</ref>}}
}}
| religion               = {{Ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap; |58% [[Irreligion in Estonia|no religion]] |27% [[Christianity]]|13% [[Religion in Estonia|undeclared]]|2% [[Religion in Estonia|other]]}}
| religion_year          = 2021<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://andmed.stat.ee/en/stat/rahvaloendus__rel2021__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__usk/RL21451|title= Estonia Census 2021|date= 29 April 2013|access-date= 9 January 2014|publisher= [[Statistics Estonia]]|archive-date= 24 November 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171124002736/https://www.stat.ee/65352?parent_id=39113|url-status= dead}}</ref>
| government_type        = [[Unitary parliamentary republic]]
| leader_title1          = [[President of Estonia|President]]
| leader_name1           = [[Alar Karis]]
| leader_title2          = [[Prime Minister of Estonia|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name2           = [[Kristen Michal]]
| legislature            = ''[[Riigikogu]]''
| sovereignty_type       = [[History of Estonia|Independence]]
| sovereignty_note       = from [[Russian Republic|Russia]] and [[German Empire|Germany]]
| established_event1     = [[Estonian Declaration of Independence|Declaration of independence]]
| established_date1      = {{Nowrap|23–24 February 1918}}
| established_event2     = Joined the [[League of Nations]]
| established_date2      = {{Nowrap|22 September 1921}}
| established_event4     = [[Occupation of the Baltic states|German and Soviet occupations]]
| established_date4      = 1940–1991
| established_event5     = [[Restoration of Estonia|Independence restored]]
| established_date5      = 20 August 1991
| area_km2               = 45,335<ref name="ERR_area">{{Cite news |url=https://news.err.ee/1609260713/estonia-gains-95-islands-but-loses-4-square-kilometers-with-updated-map |title=Estonia gains 95 islands, but loses 4 square kilometers with updated map |publisher=ERR |date=22 February 2024 |access-date=22 February 2024 }}</ref>
| area_rank              = 129th<sup>d</sup>
| area_sq_mi             = 17,505<!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
| percent_water          = 4.6
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}}1,373,101<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://news.err.ee/1609210202/estonia-s-population-grew-in-2023 | title=Estonia's population grew in 2023 | date=2 January 2024 }}</ref>
| population_census      = 1,331,824<ref name="rahvaloendus.ee">{{Cite news |title=Population census: Estonia's population and the number of Estonians have grown |url=https://rahvaloendus.ee/en/uudised/rahvaloendus-eesti-rahvaarv-ja-eestlaste-arv-kasvanud |access-date=5 June 2022 |publisher=Statistics Estonia |date=June 1, 2022}}</ref>
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| population_estimate_rank = 
| population_census_year = 2021
| population_density_km2 = 30.3
| population_density_sq_mi = 75 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
| population_density_rank = 148th
| GDP_PPP                = {{Increase}} $61.598 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.EE">{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=939,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2023&ey=2025&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Estonia) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |date=10 April 2024 |access-date=31 May 2024}}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2024
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 113th
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{Increase}} $45,122<ref name="IMFWEO.EE" />
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 41st
| GDP_nominal            = {{Increase}} $43.486 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.EE" />
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2024
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 102nd
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{Increase}} $31,854<ref name="IMFWEO.EE" />
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 36th
| Gini                   = 30.6 <!-- number only -->
| Gini_year              = 2021
| Gini_change            = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| Gini_ref               = <ref name="eurogini">{{Cite web |title= Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income |work= EU-SILC survey |publisher= [[Eurostat]] |url= https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en|access-date= 22 June 2022}}</ref>
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI                    = 0.899 <!--number only-->
| HDI_year               = 2022<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
| HDI_change             = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| HDI_ref                = <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2024 |title=Human Development Report 2023/2024 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf |archive-date=13 March 2024 |access-date=13 March 2024 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}</ref>
| HDI_rank               = 31st
| currency               = [[Euro]] ([[€|€]])
| currency_code          = EUR
| drives_on              = right
| time_zone              = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset             = +02:00
| utc_offset_DST         = +03:00
| time_zone_DST          = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| calling_code           = [[Telephone numbers in Estonia|+372]]
| cctld                  = [[.ee|.ee]]
| footnote_a             = {{Note|chronology||Estonia regained its [[de facto]] independence in 1991. Throughout the 1940–1941 and 1944–1991 [[Soviet occupation]], Estonia's [[de jure]] state continuity was preserved by diplomatic representatives and the government-in-exile.}}
}}
'''Estonia''',{{Efn|{{IPAc-en|ɛ|s|ˈ|t|oʊ|n|i|ə}} {{Respell|ess|TOH|nee|ə}}, {{Lang-et|Eesti}} {{IPA-et|ˈeˑstʲi||Et-Eesti-female.oga}}}} tauka nama resmi iya '''Republik Estonia''',{{Efn|{{Lang-et|Eesti Vabariik}} ({{Literal translation|Free state of Estonia}})}} nya sebengkah menua semak [[Tasik Baltik]] ba [[Eropah Utara]].{{Efn|name=location|Located in [[Northern Europe]], Estonia has also been classified as [[Eastern Europe|Eastern]] or [[Central Europe]] in some contexts. Various sources classify Estonia differently for statistical and other purposes. For example, the [[United Nations]],<ref name="UN">{{Cite web|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/#geo-regions|title=United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)-Geographic Regions|website=Unstats.un.org}}</ref> and [[Eurovoc]]<ref name="op.europa.eu">{{Cite web |title=Estonia - EU Vocabularies - Publications Office of the EU |url=https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies/concept/-/resource?uri=http://eurovoc.europa.eu/5619&lang=en |website=op.europa.eu |access-date=24 December 2023}}</ref> classify Estonia as part of [[Northern Europe]], the [[OECD]]<ref name="Directorate">{{Cite web|url=http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=303|title=OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms - Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) Definition|first=OECD Statistics|last=Directorate|website=stats.oecd.org}}</ref> classifies it as a [[Central and Eastern Europe]]an country, the [[CIA World Factbook]]<ref name="CIA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/estonia/|publisher=[[CIA World Factbook]]|title=Estonia|date=24 December 2023}}</ref> classifies it as Eastern Europe.<!--recent version of online ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' locates it in northeastern Europe.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Estonia|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Estonia|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=24 December 2023}}</ref>--> Usage varies greatly in press sources.}} Menua tu bekunsi garis entara menua enggau [[Finland]] nengah [[Teluk Finland]], nengah Tasik Baltik ba barat, beadan enggau [[Sweden]], lalu ba tanah, menua tu bekunsi sempadan enggau [[Latvia]] ba sepiak selatan, enggau [[Rusia]] ba sepiak timur. Kandang menua Estonia bisi tanah besai, [[pulau Saaremaa]] enggau [[Pulau Hiiumaa|Hiiumaa]] ke besai agi, sereta lebih 2,300 buah pulau enggau pulau mit bukai ba tebing tasik timur Tasik Baltik,<ref name="ERR_area" /> ti mungkur pemesai 45,335 kilometer persegi (17,504 batu persegi). [[Tallinn]], indu mengeri, enggau [[Tartu]] nya dua bengkah nengeri ke pemadu besai. [[Jaku Estonia]] nyadi jaku asal sereta jaku rasmi. Jaku tu jaku indu dikena majoriti penyampau tubuh 1.4 juta iku.<ref name="rahvaloendus.ee">{{Cite news |title=Population census: Estonia's population and the number of Estonians have grown |url=https://rahvaloendus.ee/en/uudised/rahvaloendus-eesti-rahvaarv-ja-eestlaste-arv-kasvanud |access-date=5 June 2022 |publisher=Statistics Estonia |date=June 1, 2022}}</ref>

==Nama==
Nama ''Estonia'' ({{langx|et|Eesti}}) udah disambung enggau ''[[Aesti]]'', siti raban orang ti disebut kaban sejarah Rome Kuno [[Tacitus]] dalam urung 98 JK. Sekeda sejarawan moden pechaya iya ngenang pasal Balts, lalu sekeda agi merambu nama nya udah nya dikena ba serata pelilih menua timur Tasik Baltik.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mägi |first1=Marika |title=In ''Austrvegr'': The Role of the Eastern Baltic in Viking Age Communication across the Baltic Sea |date=2018 |pages=144–145 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] E|isbn=9789004363816}}</ref> Saga Skandinavia enggau batu rune [[Viking]]<ref>Harrison, D. & Svensson, K. (2007). Vikingaliv. Fälth & Hässler, Värnamo. {{ISBN|91-27-35725-2}}</ref> nujuka ''Eistland'' nya sumber ti pemadu tumu dikelala ti tentu ngena nama nya dalam reti geografi moden iya.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tvauri |first1=Andres |title=The Migration Period, Pre-Viking Age, and Viking Age in Estonia |date=2012 |editor1-last=Laneman |editor1-first=Margot |url=https://www.etis.ee/Portal/Publications/Display/b80b6f11-43ed-4b8c-b616-48ac53b70ec5?language=ENG |page=31 |publisher=[[Tartu University|Tartu University Press]] |isbn=9789949199365 |issn=1736-3810 |access-date=21 January 2020}}</ref> Ari jaku Norse Lama toponim tu ngerembai ngagai jaku vernakular Jermanik bukai lalu datai ba jaku Latin litericha ba ujung abad ke-12.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Rätsep|first1=Huno|title=Kui kaua me oleme olnud eestlased? |journal=Oma Keel |year=2007|volume=14|url=http://www.emakeeleselts.ee/omakeel/2007_1/OK_2007-1_01.pdf |language=et |access-date=21 January 2020 |page=11}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Tamm |first1=Marek |last2=Kaljundi |first2=Linda |last3=Jensen |first3=Carsten Selch |title=Crusading and Chronicle Writing on the Medieval Baltic Frontier: A Companion to the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia |date=2016 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=9781317156796 |pages=94–96}}</ref>

==Sejarah==
Bala mensia udah diau ba Estonia kenyau ari pemadu mimit taun 9,000 SM. Pendiau ke pemadu tuai ke dikelala ba Estonia iya nya genturung pendiau Pulli, ke ba tebing Sungai Pärnu.

Estonia meredeka ari [[Rusia]] dalam taun 1920 pengudah Perang Meredeka menua tu enda lama ba pengujung [[Perang Dunya Keterubah|Perang Dunya I]]. Maya [[Perang Dunya Kedua|Perang Dunya II]] (1939–1945), Estonia dipegai Serakup Soviet enggau Jereman. Udah nya, iya nyadi Republik Sosialis Soviet Estonia lalu lenyau maya menua tu bulih meredeka.

Estonia bulih baru meredeka maya taun 1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.estonica.org/en/The_August_coup_and_Estonian_independence_1991/|title=The August coup and Estonian independence (1991)|website=Estonica.org|access-date=2019-06-26|archive-date=2021-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225205239/http://www.estonica.org/en/The_August_coup_and_Estonian_independence_1991/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Iya nyadi kaban Gerempung Sempekat Atlantik Utara (NATO) kena 29 Mac 2004. Iya nyeretai [[Serakup Eropah]] kena 1 Mei 2004.

==Geografi==
Estonia bekunsi garis tasik ba utara enggau Teluk Finland lalu [[Finland]] bisi ba seberai, sereta ba barat menua tu bekunsi garis tasik enggau Tasik Baltik lalu [[Sweden]] bisi ba seberai. Ba sepiak timur, bisi mega [[Danau Paipus]]. Menua tu mega bekunsi garis entara menua enggau [[Latvia]] (343&nbsp;km) ba sepiak selatan, sereta enggau [[Rusia]] (338.6&nbsp;km) ba piak timur.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.eesti.ee/eng/riik/eesti_vabariik/ |title= Estonian Republic |accessdate= 21 July 2011 |url-status= unfit | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110721204649/http://www.eesti.ee/eng/riik/eesti_vabariik/ |archivedate= 21 July 2011}}. Official website of the Republic of Estonia (in Estonian)</ref>

Purata peninggi semina manggai 50 meter (164 ka). Titik pemadu tinggi menua tu iya nya [[Suur Munamägi]] ba tenggara at {{convert|318|m|ft|0}}.

Estonia ngembuan mayuh kampung, nyau deka 50% tanah dibungkur kampung.<ref name="timber">[http://www.estoniantimber.ee/facts/ Facts] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202081812/http://www.estoniantimber.ee/facts/|date=2 February 2017}} Estonian Timber</ref> Bansa kayu ti pemadu suah ditemu iya nya kayu pain, cemara enggau birch.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_STAT-13-154_en.htm|title=European Commission – PRESS RELEASES – Press release – Land Use/Cover Area frame Survey 2012 Buildings, roads and other artificial areas cover 5% of the EU ...and forests 40%|accessdate=27 March 2015}}</ref> Estonia bisi lebih 1,400 tasik enggau lebih 2,000 pulau. Sungai ti pemadu panjai iya nya [[Sungai Võhandu|Võhandu]] ({{convert|162|km|mi|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}), [[Sungai Pärnu|Pärnu]] ({{convert|144|km|mi|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}), enggau [[Sungai Põltsamaa|Põltsamaa]] ({{convert|135|km|mi|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}).

==Perintah==
[[Riigikogu]] nya nama parlimen ba Estonia.

===Kandang menua perintah===
[[File:Estonian administrative divisions 2017 with labels.svg|thumb|upright=1.4|Administrative divisions of Estonia]]
Kenyau ari reformasyen pentadbiran ba taun 2017, bisi sepenyampau 79 bengkah perintah lokal. Tu nyengkaum 15 bengkah mengeri enggau 64 bengkah kandang mengeri menua pesisir. Semua kandang mengeri ngembuan status undang-undang ke sama sereta nyadi sebagi ari sebengkah kaunti, iya nya unit perintah nengeri.<ref>{{cite book |title=Public administration characteristics and performance in EU28 |last1=Pesti |first1=Cerlin |last2=Randma-Liiv |first2=Tiina |date=April 2018 |chapter=Estonia |chapter-url= https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/c017bdc1-960e-11e8-8bc1-01aa75ed71a1/language-en  |editor-last=Thijs |editor-first=Nick |editor2-last=Hammerschmid |editor2-first=Gerhard |publisher=Publications Office of the European Union |location=[[Luxembourg]] |pages=252–255 |doi=10.2767/74735 |isbn=978-92-79-90453-0 |access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref>

Kaunti-kaunti nya:
* [[File:Et-Harju maakond-coa.svg|15px]] [[Kaunti Harju]]
* [[File:Hiiumaa vapp.svg|15px]] [[Kaunti Hiiu]]
* [[File:Ida-Virumaa vapp.svg|15px]] [[Kaunti Ida-Viru]]
* [[File:Jõgevamaa vapp.svg|15px]] [[Kaunti Jõgeva]]
* [[File:Et-Järva maakond-coa.svg|15px]] [[Kaunti Järva]]
* [[File:Läänemaa vapp.svg|15px]] [[Kaunti Lääne]]
* [[File:Lääne-Virumaa vapp.svg|15px]] [[Kaunti Lääne-Viru]]
* [[File:Põlvamaa vapp.svg|15px]] [[Kaunti Põlva]]
* [[File:Et-Pärnu maakond-coa.svg|15px]] [[Kaunti Pärnu]]
* [[File:Raplamaa vapp.svg|15px]] [[Kaunti Rapla]]
* [[File:Saaremaa vapp.svg|15px]] [[Kaunti Saare]]
* [[File:Tartumaa vapp.svg|15px]] [[Kaunti Tartu]]
* [[File:Valgamaa vapp.svg|15px]] [[Kaunti Valga]]
* [[File:Viljandimaa vapp.svg|15px]] [[Kaunti Viljandi]]
* [[File:Võrumaa vapp.svg|15px]] [[Kaunti Võru]]

==Demografi==
===Raban bansa enggau peranak===
[[File:Saare küla Piirissaar.JPG|thumb|Sebuah kampung Orang Bepengarap Lama Rusia enggau sebuah gerija ba pulau Piirissaar ]]
{{Pie chart
|thumb = left
|caption = Raban bansa ba Estonia (2021)<ref>{{cite web|url= https://andmed.stat.ee/et/stat/rahvaloendus__rel2021__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__rahvus-emakeel|title= PC0454: at least 15-year-old persons by religion, sex, age group, ethnic nationality and county, 31 December 2021|date= 31 December 2021|access-date= 31 October 2024|publisher= [[Statistics Estonia]]}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Bansa Estonia|Estonia]]
|value1 = 69.1
|color1 = DodgerBlue
|label2 = [[Bansa Rusia|Rusia]]
|value2 = 23.7
|color2 = Pink
|label3 = [[Bansa Ukraine|Ukraine]]
|value3 = 2.1
|color3 = DarkGreen
|label4 = [[Bansa Belarusia|Belarusia]]
|value4 = 0.9
|color4 = Orange
|label5 = [[Bansa Finland|Finland]]
|value5 = 0.6
|color5 = White
|label6 = [[Bansa Latvia|Latvia]]
|value6 = 0.3
|color6 = Maroon
|label7 = [[Bansa Jereman|Jereman]]
|value7 = 0.2
|color7 = Gold
|label8 = Ke bukai tauka enda ditemu
|value8 = 3.1
|color8 = Gray
}}
Estonia tu ari sukut rama homogen etnik, enggau 13 ari 15 kandang menua iya ngembuan lebih 80% etnik Estonia; kandang menua ke pemadu homogen iya nya Hiiumaa, ke alai 98.4% peranak iya etnik Estonia. Taja pia, ba Kaunti Harju, ke nyengkaum indu nengeri Tallinn, enggau Kaunti Ida-Viru, gaya demografi mayuh macham agi ketegal minoriti ke signifikan bejaku Rusia. Etnik Estonia nyadi urung 60% ari penyampau tubuh ba Harju County lalu semina urung 20% ​​ba Ida-Viru, ke alai komuniti bejaku Rusia nyadi semak 70% ari peranak. Etnik Rusia minoriti tu mungkur urung 24% ari penyampau tubuh Estonia, ke mayuh asil ari imigresyen jeman Soviet, lalu bisi begulai enggau perari ari Ukraine ke baru datai dalam taun 2022, diatu ngarika urung 6% ari penyampau tubuh menua.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tambur |first=Silver |date=2022-12-29 |title=Estonia has accepted the largest share of Ukrainian refugees in the EU |url=https://estonianworld.com/life/estonia-has-accepted-the-largest-share-of-ukrainian-refugees-in-the-eu/ |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=Estonian World |language=en-GB}}</ref>

===Pengarap===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Pengarap ba Estonia (2021)<ref name=Census/>
|label1 = Nadai pengarap
|value1 = 58.4
|color1 = WhiteSmoke
|label2 = [[Gerija Ortodoks Timur|Ortodoks Timur]]
|value2 = 16.3
|color2 = Orchid
|label3 = [[Lutheran|Lutheranisme]]
|value3 = 7.7
|color3 = DodgerBlue
|label4 = Kristian ke bukai
|value4 = 2.7
|color4 = Turquoise
|label5 = [[Islam]]
|value5 = 0.5
|color5 = Green
|label6 = [[Neopagan Estonia]]
|value6 = 0.5
|color6 = Red
|label7 = [[Buddhisme]]
|value7 = 0.2
|color7 = Yellow
|label8 = Pengarap ke bukai
|value8 = 0.9
|color8 = Chartreuse
|label9 = Enda dipadah
|value9 = 12.7
|color9 = Black
}}
[[File:Catedral de Santa María (Toomkirik), Tallin, Estonia, 2012-08-05, DD 08.JPG|thumb|Katedral St. Mary, Tallinn]]
[[Estonia]], ti kala nyadi menua Kristian Lutheran,<ref name="IvkovićHaberfeld2015">{{cite book|last1= Ivković|first1= Sanja Kutnjak|last2= Haberfeld|first2= M.R.|title= Measuring Police Integrity Across the World: Studies from Established Democracies and Countries in Transition|date= 10 June 2015|publisher= Springer |language= en |isbn= 9781493922796|page= 131|quote= Estonia is considered Protestant when classified by its historically predominant major religion (Norris and Inglehart 2011) and thus some authors (e.g., Davie 2003) claim Estonia belongs to Western (Lutheran) Europe, while others (e.g., Norris and Inglehart 2011) see Estonia as a Protestant ex-Communist society.}}</ref><ref name=MarshallCavendish2010/><ref name="Rausing2004">{{cite book|last= Rausing|first= Sigrid|title= History, Memory, and Identity in Post-Soviet Estonia: The End of a Collective Farm|year= 2004|publisher= Oxford University Press|language= en |isbn= 9780199263189|page= 96|quote= Protestantism has done much to inform the moral world view of the Estonians, particularly the process of distinguishing themselves from the Russians.}}</ref> kemaya hari tu siti ari menua ke pemadu mimit bepengarap di dunya tu ari sukut ulah ke dipadahka, enggau semina 14 peratus ari penyampau tubuh madahka pengarap nyadi sebagi ari utai ke beguna dalam pengidup sida ninting hari.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://euobserver.com/social/27587|title= Estonians least religious in the world|date= 11 February 2009 |access-date= 9 January 2014|publisher= [[EU Observer]]}}</ref> Tu dipelabaka tebal asil ari pengawa Soviet nguasa Estonia dalam taun 1940, sebedau nya Estonia ngembuan majoriti Kristian ti mayuh - nitihka pengawa ngitung tubuh taun 1922, 99.3% ari penyampau tubuh Estonia nya orang Kristian.<ref>Veem, Konrad; Veem, Maria (1993) ''Eesti kirik tunaeile, eile, täna'' ("The Estonian Church for all time, yesterday, today"). P.97.</ref>

== Penyanding ==
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[[Kategori:Menua ba Eropah]]
[[Kategori:Estonia| ]]
Estonia, tauka nama resmi iya Republik Estonia, nya sebengkah menua semak Tasik Baltik ba Eropah Utara. Menua tu bekunsi garis entara menua enggau Finland nengah Teluk Finland, nengah Tasik Baltik ba barat, beadan enggau Sweden, lalu ba tanah, menua tu bekunsi sempadan enggau Latvia ba sepiak selatan, enggau Rusia ba sepiak timur. Kandang menua Estonia bisi tanah besai, pulau Saaremaa enggau Hiiumaa ke besai agi, sereta lebih 2,300 buah pulau enggau pulau mit bukai ba tebing tasik timur Tasik Baltik, ti mungkur pemesai 45,335 kilometer persegi (17,504 batu persegi). Tallinn, indu mengeri, enggau Tartu nya dua bengkah nengeri ke pemadu besai. Jaku Estonia nyadi jaku asal sereta jaku rasmi. Jaku tu jaku indu dikena majoriti penyampau tubuh 1.4 juta iku.

Nama
Nama Estonia () udah disambung enggau Aesti, siti raban orang ti disebut kaban sejarah Rome Kuno Tacitus dalam urung 98 JK. Sekeda sejarawan moden pechaya iya ngenang pasal Balts, lalu sekeda agi merambu nama nya udah nya dikena ba serata pelilih menua timur Tasik Baltik. Saga Skandinavia enggau batu rune VikingHarrison, D. & Svensson, K. (2007). Vikingaliv. Fälth & Hässler, Värnamo.  nujuka Eistland nya sumber ti pemadu tumu dikelala ti tentu ngena nama nya dalam reti geografi moden iya. Ari jaku Norse Lama toponim tu ngerembai ngagai jaku vernakular Jermanik bukai lalu datai ba jaku Latin litericha ba ujung abad ke-12.

Sejarah
Bala mensia udah diau ba Estonia kenyau ari pemadu mimit taun 9,000 SM. Pendiau ke pemadu tuai ke dikelala ba Estonia iya nya genturung pendiau Pulli, ke ba tebing Sungai Pärnu.

Estonia meredeka ari Rusia dalam taun 1920 pengudah Perang Meredeka menua tu enda lama ba pengujung Perang Dunya I. Maya Perang Dunya II (1939–1945), Estonia dipegai Serakup Soviet enggau Jereman. Udah nya, iya nyadi Republik Sosialis Soviet Estonia lalu lenyau maya menua tu bulih meredeka.

Estonia bulih baru meredeka maya taun 1991. Iya nyadi kaban Gerempung Sempekat Atlantik Utara (NATO) kena 29 Mac 2004. Iya nyeretai Serakup Eropah kena 1 Mei 2004.

Geografi
Estonia bekunsi garis tasik ba utara enggau Teluk Finland lalu Finland bisi ba seberai, sereta ba barat menua tu bekunsi garis tasik enggau Tasik Baltik lalu Sweden bisi ba seberai. Ba sepiak timur, bisi mega Danau Paipus. Menua tu mega bekunsi garis entara menua enggau Latvia (343 km) ba sepiak selatan, sereta enggau Rusia (338.6 km) ba piak timur.. Official website of the Republic of Estonia (in Estonian)

Purata peninggi semina manggai 50 meter (164 ka). Titik pemadu tinggi menua tu iya nya Suur Munamägi ba tenggara at .

Estonia ngembuan mayuh kampung, nyau deka 50% tanah dibungkur kampung.Facts  Estonian Timber Bansa kayu ti pemadu suah ditemu iya nya kayu pain, cemara enggau birch. Estonia bisi lebih 1,400 tasik enggau lebih 2,000 pulau. Sungai ti pemadu panjai iya nya Võhandu (), Pärnu (), enggau Põltsamaa ().

Perintah
Riigikogu nya nama parlimen ba Estonia.

Kandang menua perintah
thumb|upright=1.4|Administrative divisions of Estonia
Kenyau ari reformasyen pentadbiran ba taun 2017, bisi sepenyampau 79 bengkah perintah lokal. Tu nyengkaum 15 bengkah mengeri enggau 64 bengkah kandang mengeri menua pesisir. Semua kandang mengeri ngembuan status undang-undang ke sama sereta nyadi sebagi ari sebengkah kaunti, iya nya unit perintah nengeri.

Kaunti-kaunti nya:
 15px Kaunti Harju
 15px Kaunti Hiiu
 15px Kaunti Ida-Viru
 15px Kaunti Jõgeva
 15px Kaunti Järva
 15px Kaunti Lääne
 15px Kaunti Lääne-Viru
 15px Kaunti Põlva
 15px Kaunti Pärnu
 15px Kaunti Rapla
 15px Kaunti Saare
 15px Kaunti Tartu
 15px Kaunti Valga
 15px Kaunti Viljandi
 15px Kaunti Võru

Demografi
Raban bansa enggau peranak
thumb|Sebuah kampung Orang Bepengarap Lama Rusia enggau sebuah gerija ba pulau Piirissaar 

Estonia tu ari sukut rama homogen etnik, enggau 13 ari 15 kandang menua iya ngembuan lebih 80% etnik Estonia; kandang menua ke pemadu homogen iya nya Hiiumaa, ke alai 98.4% peranak iya etnik Estonia. Taja pia, ba Kaunti Harju, ke nyengkaum indu nengeri Tallinn, enggau Kaunti Ida-Viru, gaya demografi mayuh macham agi ketegal minoriti ke signifikan bejaku Rusia. Etnik Estonia nyadi urung 60% ari penyampau tubuh ba Harju County lalu semina urung 20% ​​ba Ida-Viru, ke alai komuniti bejaku Rusia nyadi semak 70% ari peranak. Etnik Rusia minoriti tu mungkur urung 24% ari penyampau tubuh Estonia, ke mayuh asil ari imigresyen jeman Soviet, lalu bisi begulai enggau perari ari Ukraine ke baru datai dalam taun 2022, diatu ngarika urung 6% ari penyampau tubuh menua.

Pengarap

thumb|Katedral St. Mary, Tallinn
Estonia, ti kala nyadi menua Kristian Lutheran, kemaya hari tu siti ari menua ke pemadu mimit bepengarap di dunya tu ari sukut ulah ke dipadahka, enggau semina 14 peratus ari penyampau tubuh madahka pengarap nyadi sebagi ari utai ke beguna dalam pengidup sida ninting hari. Tu dipelabaka tebal asil ari pengawa Soviet nguasa Estonia dalam taun 1940, sebedau nya Estonia ngembuan majoriti Kristian ti mayuh - nitihka pengawa ngitung tubuh taun 1922, 99.3% ari penyampau tubuh Estonia nya orang Kristian.Veem, Konrad; Veem, Maria (1993) Eesti kirik tunaeile, eile, täna ("The Estonian Church for all time, yesterday, today"). P.97.

 Penyanding 

Kategori:Menua ba Eropah