Mexico
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Negeri-Negeri Mexico Beserakup
| common_name            = Mexico
| native_name            = <span style=white-space:nowrap;>{{Native name|es|Estados Unidos Mexicanos}}</span>
| image_flag             = Flag of Mexico.svg
| image_flag2            = <!--not officialMexican States Standard.svg//-->
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of Mexico.svg
| alt_coat               = 
| symbol_type            = Coat of arms
| national_anthem        = "{{Lang|es|[[Himno Nacional Mexicano]]}}"<br />{{Small|("Mexican National Anthem")}}<div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">{{Center|[[Fail:Himno Nacional Mexicano instrumental.ogg]]}}</div>
| other_symbol_type      = 
| other_symbol           = 
| image_map              = {{Switcher|[[Fail:MEX orthographic.svg|frameless]]|Mexico in the Western Hemisphere|[[Fail:Mexico states map w names.png|frameless]]|Mexico and its neighbors|Default=1}}
| map_width              =
| capital                = [[Mexico City]]
| coordinates            = {{Coord|19|26|N|99|8|W|type:city}}
| largest_city           = Mexico City
| official_languages     = [[Mexican Spanish|Spanish]] (''de facto'')
| languages_type         = Co-official languages
| languages              = {{Plainlist|
* 68 [[Jaku ba Mexico|Jaku Asal]]
}}
| ethnic_groups          = ''[[#Raban bansa|Peda di baruh]]''
| ethnic_groups_year     = 
| ethnic_groups_ref      = 
| religion               = {{Unbulleted list|item_style=white-space:nowrap;
|{{Tree list}}
* 71% [[Christianity in Mexico|Christianity]]
** 56% [[Catholic Church in Mexico|Catholicism]]
** 10% [[Protestantism in Mexico|Protestantism]]
** 5% other [[List of Christian denominations|Christian]]
{{Tree list/end}}
|17% [[Irreligion in Mexico|no religion]]
|8% [[Religion in Mexico|other religion]]
|5% prefer not to say}}
| religion_ref           = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2023-05/Ipsos%20Global%20Advisor%20-%20Religion%202023%20Report%20-%2026%20countries.pdf |title=Global Religion - Religious Beliefs Across the World |website=Ipsos |date=May 2023 |access-date=23 August 2023 |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512183356/https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2023-05/Ipsos%20Global%20Advisor%20-%20Religion%202023%20Report%20-%2026%20countries.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| religion_year          = 2023
| demonym                = [[Mexicans|Mexican]]
| government_type        = Federal [[Presidential system|presidential republic]]<ref>{{Cite web |location=MX Q|url=http://www.scjn.gob.mx/SiteCollectionDocuments/PortalSCJN/RecJur/BibliotecaDigitalSCJN/PublicacionesSupremaCorte/Political_constitucion_of_the_united_Mexican_states_2008.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511194922/http://www.scjn.gob.mx/SiteCollectionDocuments/PortalSCJN/RecJur/BibliotecaDigitalSCJN/PublicacionesSupremaCorte/Political_constitucion_of_the_united_Mexican_states_2008.pdf |archive-date=11 May 2011 |title=Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, title 2, article 40 |publisher=SCJN |access-date=14 August 2010}}</ref>
| leader_title1          = [[President of Mexico|President]]
| leader_name1           = [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]]
| leader_title2          = [[President of the Senate (Mexico)|President of the Senate]]
| leader_name2           = [[Ana Lilia Rivera]]
| leader_title3          = [[President of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)|President of the Chamber of Deputies]]
| leader_name3           = [[Marcela Guerra Castillo]]
| leader_title4          = [[Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation#Presidents|Chief Justice]]
| leader_name4           = [[Norma Lucía Piña Hernández]]
| legislature            = [[Congress of the Union|Congress]]
| upper_house            = [[Senate of the Republic (Mexico)|Senate]]
| lower_house            = [[Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)|Chamber of Deputies]]
| sovereignty_type       = [[Mexican War of Independence|Independence]]
| sovereignty_note       = from [[Spain]]
| established_event1     = [[Cry of Dolores|Start of War of Independence]]
| established_date1      = 16 September 1810
| established_event2     = [[Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire|Declared]]
| established_date2      = 27 September 1821
| established_event3     = [[Spanish American wars of independence#New Spain and Central America|Recognized]]
| established_date3      = 28 December 1836
| established_event4     = [[1824 Constitution of Mexico|First constitution]]
| established_date4      = 4 October 1824
| established_event5     = [[Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1857|Second constitution]]
| established_date5      = 5 February 1857
| established_event6     = [[Constitution of Mexico|Current constitution]]
| established_date6      = 5 February 1917
| area                   = 
| today                  = 
| area_km2               = 1,972,550
| area_footnote          = 
| area_rank              = 13th
| area_sq_mi             = 761,606
| percent_water          = 1.58 (as of 2015)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Surface water and surface water change|access-date=11 October 2020|publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)|url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER|archive-date=24 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324133453/https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER|url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_estimate    = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 129,875,529<ref>{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Mexico|access-date=22 June 2023|year=2023}}</ref>
| population_estimate_year = 2023
| population_estimate_rank = 10th
| population_density_km2 = 61
| population_density_sq_mi = 157
| population_density_rank = 142nd
| GDP_PPP                           = {{Increase}} $3.434 trillion<ref name="IMFWEO.MX">{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=273,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Mexico) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=www.imf.org |date=16 April 2024 |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_year                   = 2024
| GDP_PPP_rank                   = 12th
| GDP_PPP_per_capita          = {{Increase}} $25,963<ref name="IMFWEO.MX" />
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 70th
| GDP_nominal                       = {{Increase}} $2.017 trillion<ref name="IMFWEO.MX" />
| GDP_nominal_year              = 2024
| GDP_nominal_rank              = 12th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita    = {{Increase}} $15,249<ref name="IMFWEO.MX" />
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 63rd
| Gini                   = 41.8 <!--number only-->
| Gini_year              = 2018
| Gini_change            = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| Gini_ref               = <ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm|title=Inequality - Income inequality - OECD Data|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]]|access-date=12 August 2021|archive-date=1 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701171540/https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI                    = 0.781 <!--number only-->
| HDI_year               = 2022<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
| HDI_change             = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| HDI_ref                = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2023/24|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=13 March 2024|access-date=13 March 2024|archive-date=13 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| HDI_rank               = 77th
| currency               = [[Mexican peso]]
| currency_code          = MXN
| time_zone              = ''See'' [[Time in Mexico]]
| utc_offset             = −8 to −5
| utc_offset_DST         = −7 to −5
| DST_note               = 
| time_zone_DST          = varies
| antipodes              = 
| date_format            = dd/mm/yyyy
| drives_on              = right
| calling_code           = [[Telephone numbers in Mexico|+52]]
| cctld                  = [[.mx|.mx]]
| footnote_a             = {{Note|iboxa}}Article 4 of the [[General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.inali.gob.mx/pdf/LGDLPI.pdf |title=General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples |author=INALI |date=13 March 2003 |access-date=7 November 2010 |archive-date=3 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803160009/http://www.inali.gob.mx/pdf/LGDLPI.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.inali.gob.mx/clin-inali/ |title=Catálogo de las lenguas indígenas nacionales: Variantes lingüísticas de México con sus autodenominaciones y referencias geoestadísticas |publisher=Inali.gob.mx |access-date=18 July 2014 |archive-date=8 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708121506/http://www.inali.gob.mx/clin-inali/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| footnote_b             = {{Note|iboxb}}Spanish is ''[[de facto]]'' the official language in the Mexican federal government.
}}

'''Mexico''',{{Efn|{{Lang-es|México}} or ''Méjico'', pronunciation: {{IPA-es|ˈmexiko||es-mx-México.ogg}}; [[Classical Nahuatl]]: ''Mēxihco''; {{Lang-yua|Meejikoo}}}}{{Efn|Usually, in [[Spanish language|Spanish]], the name of the country is spelled {{Lang|es|México}}; however, in [[Peninsular Spanish|Peninsular (European) Spanish]], the variant {{Lang|es|Méjico}} is used alongside the usual version. According to the {{Lang|es|[[Diccionario panhispánico de dudas]]}} by the [[Royal Spanish Academy]] and [[Association of Academies of the Spanish Language]], the version with J is also correct; however, the spelling with X is recommended, as it is the one used in Mexico.<ref>{{Lang|es|México}} in {{Lang|es|[[Diccionario panhispánico de dudas]]}} by [[Royal Spanish Academy]] and [[Association of Academies of the Spanish Language]], Madrid: Santillana. 2005. ISBN 978-8-429-40623-8.</ref>}} tauka nama resmi menua tu '''Negeri-Negeri Mexico Beserakup''',{{Efn|{{Lang-es|Estados Unidos Mexicanos}} ({{IPA-es|esˈtaðos uˈniðos mexiˈkanos||Es-mx-Estados Unidos Mexicanos.ogg}}); [[Classical Nahuatl]]: ''Mēxihcatl Tlacetilīlli Tlahtohcāyōtl''}} nya sebengkah menua ba sepiak selatan Amerika Utara. Mungkur 1,972,550&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (761,610 bt<sup>2</sup>),<ref name="cia.gov">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mexico/ |title=Mexico |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126164719/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mexico |archive-date=26 January 2021 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] }}</ref> menua tu nyadi menua ke-13 pemadu besai di dunya nitihka pemesai; enggau penyampau tubuh urung 130 juta iku, iya nyadi menua ke-10 pemadu mayuh mensia sereta ngembuan pemayuh orang ke bejaku Sepanyol di dunya.<ref name="2020 Census">{{Cite web |title=Censo Población y Vivienda 2020 |url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/ccpv/2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214192634/https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/ccpv/2020/ |archive-date=14 February 2022 |access-date=26 January 2021 |website=www.inegi.org.mx |publisher=INEGI}}</ref> Mexico diatur nyadi republik konstitusyen perintah besai ke mungkur 31 nengeri enggau [[Nengeri Mexico]], indu nengeri sereta mengeri pemadu besai, ke entara kandang mengeri besai ke pemadu mayuh mensia di dunya. Menua tu bekunsi garis entara menua enggau [[Amerika Serikat]] ba utara, enggau [[Guatemala]] enggau [[Belize]] ba tenggara; pia mega garis entara menua maritim enggau [[Tasik Pasifik]] ba barat, [[Tasik Karibia]] ba tenggara, enggau [[Teluk Mexico]] ba timur.<ref>Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary, 3rd ed., Springfield, Massachusetts, United States, Merriam-Webster; p. 733</ref>

==Demografi==
[[File:Mexico Population Density, 2000 (5457623058).jpg|thumb|Pemadat populasyen Mexico]]
Nitihka Institut Geografi enggau Statistik Nasional Mexico, penyampau tubuh menua nya dipelabaka ba taun 2022 iya nya 129,150,971 iku.<ref>[https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/aproposito/2023/EAP_DMPO23.pdf Estadísticas a propósito del día mundial de la población]  "INEGI", July 2023. Retrieved on September 20, 2024.</ref> Kenyau ari pemadu mimit taun 1970-an, Mexico nyadi menua ke pemadu mayuh mensia bejaku Sepanyol di dunya.<ref name="Spanishhistory">{{cite web|title=Spanish Language History|publisher=Today Translations|url=http://www.todaytranslations.com/index.asp-Q-Page-E-Spanish-Language-History--13053095|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050417234656/http://www.todaytranslations.com/index.asp-Q-Page-E-Spanish-Language-History--13053095|archive-date=17 April 2005|access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref>

Sepemanjai abad ke-19, penyampau tubuh ba Mexico nyau deka nambah dua kali lipat. Pengawa tu majak nyadi sekumbang dua dekad keterubah abad ke-20, ba taun 1900 penyampau tubuh orang Mexico lebih mimit ari 13 juta iku.<ref>[https://apps1.semarnat.gob.mx:8443/dgeia/informe_resumen/01_poblacion/cap1.html "POBLACIÓN"]  "SEMARNAT", retrieved on October 4, 2024.</ref> Revolusyen Mexico ({{circa}} 1910–1920) balat meri empas ngagai penumbuh penyampau tubuh enggau pengawa ngitung tubuh taun 1921 ngeripotka pengerugi urung 1 juta iku peranak. Penyampau penumbuh niki enggau jampat entara taun 1930-an enggau 1980-an lebuh menua tu ngerejista penumbuh lebih 3% (1950–1980). Penyampau tubuh orang Mexico nambah dua kali lipat dalam kandang dua puluh taun, lalu enggau penyampau nya, dipelabaka manggai ba taun 2000 bisi 120 juta iku orang diau di Mexico. Penyampau tubuh ba Mexico majak niki ari 70&nbsp;juta ba taun 1982<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2018&locations=MX&name_desc=true&start=1982|title=Population, total {{!}} Data|website=data.worldbank.org|date=2022|access-date=6 June 2023|archive-date=6 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606130811/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2018&locations=MX&name_desc=true&start=1982|url-status=live}}</ref> nyentukka 123.5 juta iku peranak ba taun 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=México cuenta con 123.5 millones de habitantes |trans-title=Mexico has 123.5 million inhabitants |url=https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/politica/Mexico-cuenta-con-123.5-millones-de-habitantes-20170710-0116.html |access-date=4 June 2020 |work=El Economista |agency=Notimex |date=10 July 2017 |language=es |archive-date=19 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919231325/http://eleconomista.com.mx/sociedad/2017/07/10/mexico-cuenta-1235-millones-habitantes |url-status=live }}</ref> Pengelama umur niki ari 36 taun ba taun 1895 ngagai 75 taun ba taun 2020.<ref name="2020 Census"/>

===Raban bansa===
Penyampau tubuh Mexico mayuh macham, tang pansik pasal etnik Mexico udah ngasaika empas wacana nasionalis ngagai identiti.<ref name="Knight, Alan 1990. pp. 78">Knight, Alan. 1990. "Racism, Revolution and ''indigenismo'': Mexico 1910–1940". Chapter 4 in ''The Idea of Race in Latin America, 1870–1940''. Richard Graham (ed.) pp. 78–85</ref><ref name="autogenerated115">Wimmer, Andreas, 2002. ''Nationalist Exclusion and Ethnic Conflict: Shadows of Modernity'', Cambridge University Press page 115</ref><ref name="census">{{cite book |last1=Hall Steckel |first1=Richard |last2=R. Haines |first2=Michael |title=A population history of North America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BPdgiysIVcgC&pg=PA621 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 |page=621 |isbn=978-0-521-49666-7 |access-date=17 June 2015 |archive-date=8 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108212002/https://books.google.com/books?id=BPdgiysIVcgC&pg=PA621#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> Kenyau ari taun 1930-an, perintah Mexico udah ngelakuka penemu ti madahka semua orang Mexico nya sebagi ari komuniti [[Mestizo]], ke dalam nya sida semina dibida nengah endur diau dalam tauka luar ari [[Bansa asal Mexico|komuniti asal]], tikas pengelandik bejaku ngena jaku asal, enggau tikas pengangkun ngagai adat asal,<ref name="EL MESTIZAJE Y LAS CULTURAS REGIONALES">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nacionmulticultural.unam.mx/Portal/Izquierdo/BANCO/Mxmulticultural/Elmestizajeylasculturas-elmestizaje.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823015618/http://www.nacionmulticultural.unam.mx/Portal/Izquierdo/BANCO/Mxmulticultural/Elmestizajeylasculturas-elmestizaje.html|url-status=dead|title=en el censo de 1930 el gobierno mexicano dejó de clasificar a la población del país en tres categorías raciales, blanco, mestizo e indígena, y adoptó una nueva clasificación étnica que distinguía a los hablantes de lenguas indígenas del resto de la población, es decir de los hablantes de español.|archive-date=23 August 2013}}</ref><ref name=redalyc>{{cite web|url=http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/105/10503808.pdf |title=Al respecto no debe olvidarse que en estos países buena parte de las personas consideradas biológicamente blancas son mestizas en el aspecto cultural, el que aquí nos interesa (p. 196) |publisher=Redalyc.org |date=16 March 2005 |access-date=27 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022220348/http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/105/10503808.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2013 }}</ref> nitihka pengawa ngitung tubuh Mexico taun 2020, 6.1% ari penyampau tubuh Mexico bejaku ngena jaku Bansa Asal lalu 19.4% ari penyampau tubuh ngelala diri nyadi bansa asal.<ref name="2020 Census"/>

Apin lama ke udah perintah Mexico berengkah bejalaika pansik ti ngambi kira bansa bukai ke diau ba menua nya, baka Afro-Mexico (ti mungkur 2% ari penyampau tubuh Mexico ba taun 2020).<ref name="2020 Census"/> Survei ti ngena chura kulit nyadika sanding<ref name=ElUniversal>{{cite news |last1=Fuentes-Nieva |first1=Ricardo |title=Ser blanco |trans-title=Being white |language=es |url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/entrada-de-opinion/articulo/ricardo-fuentes-nieva/nacion/2017/07/6/ser-blanco |work=El Universal |date=6 July 2017 |access-date=20 December 2020 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225033205/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/entrada-de-opinion/articulo/ricardo-fuentes-nieva/nacion/2017/07/6/ser-blanco |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Forbes>{{cite news |last1=Solís |first1=Arturo |title=Comprobado con datos: en México te va mejor si eres blanco |trans-title=Proven with data: in Mexico you do better if you are white |language=es |url=https://www.forbes.com.mx/inegi-lo-confirma-en-mexico-te-va-mejor-si-eres-blanco/ |work=Forbes México |date=7 August 2018 |access-date=20 December 2020 |archive-date=14 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114183326/https://www.forbes.com.mx/inegi-lo-confirma-en-mexico-te-va-mejor-si-eres-blanco/ |url-status=live }}</ref> dikena ngaga anggar [[Orang Putih Mexico]] ba menua nya,<ref name=ENADIS2017-1>[http://www.cndh.org.mx/sites/all/doc/OtrosDocumentos/Doc_2018_061.pdf "Encuesta Nacional sobre Discriminación 2017"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810235454/http://www.cndh.org.mx/sites/all/doc/OtrosDocumentos/Doc_2018_061.pdf |date=August 10, 2018 }}, ''CNDH'', August 6, 2018, Retrieved on August 10, 2018.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Encuesta Nacional sobre Discriminación (ENADIS) 2022 |url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/enadis/2022/#:~:text=La%20ENADIS%202022%20se%20suma,manera%20estructural%20han%20sido%20discriminados. |access-date=April 2, 2024 |website=www.inegi.org.mx |language=es}}</ref><ref name="conapred21Marzo">{{cite web |url=http://www.conapred.org.mx/documentos_cedoc/21_Marzo_DiaIntElimDiscRacial_INACCSS.pdf|title=21 de Marzo: Día Internacional de la Eliminación de la Discriminación Racial|trans-title=March 21: International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination |language=es|publisher=[[National Council to Prevent Discrimination|CONAPRED]]|location=Mexico|page=7|date=2017|access-date=August 23, 2017 |archive-date=May 25, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525133622/http://www.conapred.org.mx/documentos_cedoc/21_Marzo_DiaIntElimDiscRacial_INACCSS.pdf|url-status=live}} Ba lambar 7 penerang berita nya, kaunsil nya ngeripotka 53.5% indu Mexico enggau 39.4% lelaki Mexico dikelala enggau chura kulit ke pemadu terang ke dikena dalam tanya ngitung tubuh, ''CONAPRED'', Mexico, 21 Mac. Retrieved on April 28, 2017.</ref><ref name=MMSI2>[http://bibliodigitalibd.senado.gob.mx/bitstream/handle/123456789/3525/JASC%2520IBD%2520MMSI%25202016%2520V1.0.pdf?sequence=6&isAllowed=y "Visión INEGI 2021 Dr. Julio Santaella Castell"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121234012/http://bibliodigitalibd.senado.gob.mx/bitstream/handle/123456789/3525/JASC%2520IBD%2520MMSI%25202016%2520V1.0.pdf?sequence=6&isAllowed=y |date=January 21, 2019 }}, ''INEGI'', July 3, 2017, Retrieved on April 30, 2018.</ref> lalu ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' ngangar sida urung 32% ari penyampau tubuh.<ref name=Britannica2>Ethnic composition (2010): ''About one third''{{cite encyclopedia |title=Mexico: Ethnic groups |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mexico/Ethnic-groups |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=March 6, 2022}}</ref> [[Orang Asia Mexico]] enggau [[Orang Arab Mexico|Arab Mexico]] ngarika urung 1% ari penyampau tubuh siku-siku. Seraya Mestizo nyadi raban bansa ke tampak ba Mexico kontemporari, definisyen subjektif sereta seruran berubah ba kategori tu ngujungka anggar iya enda tepat.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1007/s12394-010-0074-7|title = "The Map of the Mexican's Genome": Overlapping national identity, and population genomics|journal = Identity in the Information Society|volume = 3|issue = 3|pages = 489–514|year = 2010|last1 = Schwartz-Marín|first1 = Ernesto|last2 = Silva-Zolezzi|first2 = Irma|hdl = 10871/33766|doi-access = free|hdl-access = free}}</ref><ref name=mestizajeenmexico>{{cite web |title=El mestizaje en Mexico |language=es |trans-title=The miscegenation in Mexico |first=Federico |last=Navarrete Linares |url=http://enp4.unam.mx/amc/libro_munioz_cota/libro/cap4/lec10_federiconavarreteelmestizaje.pdf |access-date=31 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801102632/http://enp4.unam.mx/amc/libro_munioz_cota/libro/cap4/lec10_federiconavarreteelmestizaje.pdf |archive-date=1 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Jaku===
[[Jaku Sepanyol]] nyadi jaku nasional ''[[de facto]]'' disebut mayuh orang, lalu nyadika Mexico menua [[Hispanofon]] ke pemadu mayuh mensia di dunya.<ref>{{Ethnologue18|spa|Spanish → Mexico}}</ref><ref name=Spanishhistory/> [[Jaku Sepanyol Mexico]] nujuka variasyen jaku ti dikena ba menua tu, ti bebida ari siti pelilih menua ngagai pelilih menua bukai ba munyi, struktur, enggau leka jaku.{{sfn|Werner|2001|pp=443, 444, 445}} 
[[File:Mapa_de_lenguas_de_México_+_100_000.png|thumb|Kar ungkup taun 2000 jaku asal Mexico ngembuan lebih 100,000 iku orang ke bejaku .]]

Perintah besai ngaku enggau rasmi enam puluh lapan raban jaku enggau 364 bansa jaku asal.<ref>{{cite journal | author=INALI [Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas] | author-link=Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas | date=14 January 2008 | title=Catálogo de las lenguas indígenas nacionales: Variantes lingüísticas de México con sus autodenominaciones y referencias geoestadísticas | url=http://www.inali.gob.mx/pdf/CLIN_completo.pdf | format=PDF online facsimile | journal=[[Diario Oficial de la Federación]] | location=Mexico City | volume=652 | issue=9 | pages=22–78 (first section), 1–96 (second section), 1–112 (third section) | oclc=46461036 | language=es | access-date=22 July 2011 | archive-date=16 October 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016174101/http://www.inali.gob.mx/pdf/CLIN_completo.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> Dipelabaka urung 8.3 juta iku rayat ngena jaku tu,<ref name="Indigenous Languages">{{cite web | url=http://cuentame.inegi.org.mx/hipertexto/todas_lenguas.htm | title=Indigenous Languages in Mexico: Speakers Aged Three or Older | publisher=National Institute of Statistics and Geography | date=2015 | access-date=11 September 2018 | archive-date=3 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165419/http://cuentame.inegi.org.mx/hipertexto/todas_lenguas.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> enggau [[Jaku Nahuatl]] nyadi jaku ti pemadu mayuh dikena lebih ari 1.7&nbsp;juta, ditangkanka [[Jaku Maya Yucatec]] ti dikena ninting hari urung 850,000 iku orang. [[Jaku Tzeltal]] enggau [[Jaku Tzotzil|Tzotzil]], [[jaku-jaku Maya]] ke bukai, dikena urung setengah juta iku orang siku-siku, kelebih agi ba negeri selatan [[Chiapas]].<ref name="Indigenous Languages"/> [[Jaku-jaku Mixtec|Jaku Mixtec]] enggau [[Jaku-jaku Zapotec|Zapotec]], enggau urung 500,000 pejaku asal, iya nya dua bengkah raban jaku bukai ti tampak.<ref name="Indigenous Languages"/> Kenyau ari penumbuh iya dalam bulan Mac 2003, Institut Jaku Asal Nasional udah megai tanggung pengawa ngangkat sereta nyaga guna jaku asal menua tu, nengah Undang-undang Besai Hak Jaku Bansa Asal, ti ngaku sida nyadi jaku nasional ''[[de jure]]'' ti bisi status ke sama enggau Jaku Sepanyol.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nacionmulticultural.unam.mx/Edespig/diagnostico_y_perspectivas/leyes_declaraciones/2%20LENGUA%20Y%20CULTURA/Ley%20general%20de%20derechos%20linguisticos.pdf |title=Ley General de Derechos Lingüísticos de los Pueblos Indígenas |access-date=3 August 2017 |date=2003 |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054016/http://www.nacionmulticultural.unam.mx/Edespig/diagnostico_y_perspectivas/leyes_declaraciones/2%20LENGUA%20Y%20CULTURA/Ley%20general%20de%20derechos%20linguisticos.pdf |archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref> Nya taja pia, dalam pengawa, raban bansa asal suah napi diskriminasyen lalu nadai akses penuh ngagai servis mensia mayuh baka pelajar enggau nyaga pengerai, tauka ngagai sistem keadilan, laban jaku Sepanyol nya jaku ti dikena.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://site.inali.gob.mx/pdf/MODELO_DE_ACREDITACION_Y_CERTIFICACION_EN_MATERIA_DE_LENGUAS_INDIGENAS.pdf | title=Model of Accreditation and Certification of Indigenous Languages | publisher=National Indigenous Languages Institute | date=October 2012 | page=7 | language=es | access-date=11 September 2018 | archive-date=13 November 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113062348/https://site.inali.gob.mx/pdf/MODELO_DE_ACREDITACION_Y_CERTIFICACION_EN_MATERIA_DE_LENGUAS_INDIGENAS.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref>

Kelimpah ari jaku asal, bisi beberapa jaku minoriti ke dikena di Mexico ketegal pemindah entarabansa baka [[Jaku Jereman Rendah]] ulih 80,000 iku orang Mennonite, keterubah iya ngentapka diri ba nengeri-nengeri utara, diperansang ulih toleransi perintah besai ngagai komuniti tu nengah chara ngemendarka sida netapka sistem pelajar sida ti setipak enggau adat sereta main asal sida.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hshs.mb.ca/mennonite_old_colony_vision.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205052716/http://www.hshs.mb.ca/mennonite_old_colony_vision.pdf|archive-date=5 February 2007|title=The Mennonite Old Colony Vision: Under siege in Mexico and the Canadian Connection|access-date=11 September 2018}}</ref> [[Dialek Venetia Chipilo|Chipilo dialect]], siti ari variasyen [[jaku Venetia]], dikena ba mengeri [[Chipilo]], bepalan ba negeri tengah [[Puebla]], ulih urung 2,500 iku, ke tebal agi peturun orang Venetia ke pindah ngagai kandang menua nya ba ujung kurun ke-19.<ref>{{e18|vec|Venetian (Mexico)}}</ref> Jaku English nya jaku bansa bukai ke pemadu suah diajar ba Mexico. Dipelabaka urung 24 juta iku, tauka urung seperlima ari penyampau tubuh, belajarka jaku nya nengah sekula awam, institusyen peribit, tauka jalai akses kediri empu,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ei.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/latin-america-research/English%20in%20Mexico.pdf | title=English in Mexico: An examination of policy, perceptions and influencing factors | publisher=British Council | date=May 2015 | access-date=11 September 2018 | archive-date=13 November 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113062412/https://ei.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/latin-america-research/English%20in%20Mexico.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> taja pia, tikas pengelandik jaku English ti tinggi semina ba 5% ari penyampau tubuh.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/economia/en-mexico-solo-de-la-poblacion-habla-ingles-imco.html | title=En México sólo 5% de la población habla inglés: IMCO | last=Becerril | first=Isabel | publisher=El Financiero | language=es | date=27 April 2015 | access-date=11 September 2018 | archive-date=12 September 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912092135/http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/economia/en-mexico-solo-de-la-poblacion-habla-ingles-imco.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Jaku Peranchis nyadi jaku luar kedua pemadu mayuh diajar, laban ninting taun entara 200,000 ngagai 250,000 iku nembiak Mexico ngambi kus jaku.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/2e.pdf | title=Une Langue Pour Apprendre | page=132 | publisher=Organisation internationale de la Francophonie | date=6 September 2010 | language=fr | access-date=11 September 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113062358/https://www.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/2e.pdf | archive-date=13 November 2018 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://mx.ambafrance.org/Cours-de-francais,6567 | title=Cours de français | publisher=Ambassade de France à Mexico | language=fr | date=19 March 2013 | access-date=11 September 2018 | archive-date=19 August 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819021740/https://mx.ambafrance.org/Cours-de-francais,6567 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://loutardeliberee.com/mexique-lacteur-monte-francophonie-damerique/ | title=Le Mexique, l'acteur qui monte dans la francophonie d'Amérique | last=Simon-Clerc | first=Nathalie | publisher=L'Outarde Libérée | language=fr | date=2 November 2016 | access-date=11 September 2018 | archive-date=12 September 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912092219/http://loutardeliberee.com/mexique-lacteur-monte-francophonie-damerique/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Nota==
{{Notelist}}

== Penyanding ==
<references />

[[Kategori:Menua ba Amerika Utara]]
Mexico, tauka nama resmi menua tu Negeri-Negeri Mexico Beserakup, nya sebengkah menua ba sepiak selatan Amerika Utara. Mungkur 1,972,550 km2 (761,610 bt2), menua tu nyadi menua ke-13 pemadu besai di dunya nitihka pemesai; enggau penyampau tubuh urung 130 juta iku, iya nyadi menua ke-10 pemadu mayuh mensia sereta ngembuan pemayuh orang ke bejaku Sepanyol di dunya. Mexico diatur nyadi republik konstitusyen perintah besai ke mungkur 31 nengeri enggau Nengeri Mexico, indu nengeri sereta mengeri pemadu besai, ke entara kandang mengeri besai ke pemadu mayuh mensia di dunya. Menua tu bekunsi garis entara menua enggau Amerika Serikat ba utara, enggau Guatemala enggau Belize ba tenggara; pia mega garis entara menua maritim enggau Tasik Pasifik ba barat, Tasik Karibia ba tenggara, enggau Teluk Mexico ba timur.Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary, 3rd ed., Springfield, Massachusetts, United States, Merriam-Webster; p. 733

Demografi
thumb|Pemadat populasyen Mexico
Nitihka Institut Geografi enggau Statistik Nasional Mexico, penyampau tubuh menua nya dipelabaka ba taun 2022 iya nya 129,150,971 iku.Estadísticas a propósito del día mundial de la población  "INEGI", July 2023. Retrieved on September 20, 2024. Kenyau ari pemadu mimit taun 1970-an, Mexico nyadi menua ke pemadu mayuh mensia bejaku Sepanyol di dunya.

Sepemanjai abad ke-19, penyampau tubuh ba Mexico nyau deka nambah dua kali lipat. Pengawa tu majak nyadi sekumbang dua dekad keterubah abad ke-20, ba taun 1900 penyampau tubuh orang Mexico lebih mimit ari 13 juta iku."POBLACIÓN"  "SEMARNAT", retrieved on October 4, 2024. Revolusyen Mexico ( 1910–1920) balat meri empas ngagai penumbuh penyampau tubuh enggau pengawa ngitung tubuh taun 1921 ngeripotka pengerugi urung 1 juta iku peranak. Penyampau penumbuh niki enggau jampat entara taun 1930-an enggau 1980-an lebuh menua tu ngerejista penumbuh lebih 3% (1950–1980). Penyampau tubuh orang Mexico nambah dua kali lipat dalam kandang dua puluh taun, lalu enggau penyampau nya, dipelabaka manggai ba taun 2000 bisi 120 juta iku orang diau di Mexico. Penyampau tubuh ba Mexico majak niki ari 70 juta ba taun 1982 nyentukka 123.5 juta iku peranak ba taun 2017. Pengelama umur niki ari 36 taun ba taun 1895 ngagai 75 taun ba taun 2020.

Raban bansa
Penyampau tubuh Mexico mayuh macham, tang pansik pasal etnik Mexico udah ngasaika empas wacana nasionalis ngagai identiti.Knight, Alan. 1990. "Racism, Revolution and indigenismo: Mexico 1910–1940". Chapter 4 in The Idea of Race in Latin America, 1870–1940. Richard Graham (ed.) pp. 78–85Wimmer, Andreas, 2002. Nationalist Exclusion and Ethnic Conflict: Shadows of Modernity, Cambridge University Press page 115 Kenyau ari taun 1930-an, perintah Mexico udah ngelakuka penemu ti madahka semua orang Mexico nya sebagi ari komuniti Mestizo, ke dalam nya sida semina dibida nengah endur diau dalam tauka luar ari komuniti asal, tikas pengelandik bejaku ngena jaku asal, enggau tikas pengangkun ngagai adat asal, nitihka pengawa ngitung tubuh Mexico taun 2020, 6.1% ari penyampau tubuh Mexico bejaku ngena jaku Bansa Asal lalu 19.4% ari penyampau tubuh ngelala diri nyadi bansa asal.

Apin lama ke udah perintah Mexico berengkah bejalaika pansik ti ngambi kira bansa bukai ke diau ba menua nya, baka Afro-Mexico (ti mungkur 2% ari penyampau tubuh Mexico ba taun 2020). Survei ti ngena chura kulit nyadika sanding dikena ngaga anggar Orang Putih Mexico ba menua nya,"Encuesta Nacional sobre Discriminación 2017" , CNDH, August 6, 2018, Retrieved on August 10, 2018. Ba lambar 7 penerang berita nya, kaunsil nya ngeripotka 53.5% indu Mexico enggau 39.4% lelaki Mexico dikelala enggau chura kulit ke pemadu terang ke dikena dalam tanya ngitung tubuh, CONAPRED, Mexico, 21 Mac. Retrieved on April 28, 2017."Visión INEGI 2021 Dr. Julio Santaella Castell" , INEGI, July 3, 2017, Retrieved on April 30, 2018. lalu Encyclopædia Britannica ngangar sida urung 32% ari penyampau tubuh.Ethnic composition (2010): About one third Orang Asia Mexico enggau Arab Mexico ngarika urung 1% ari penyampau tubuh siku-siku. Seraya Mestizo nyadi raban bansa ke tampak ba Mexico kontemporari, definisyen subjektif sereta seruran berubah ba kategori tu ngujungka anggar iya enda tepat.

Jaku
Jaku Sepanyol nyadi jaku nasional de facto disebut mayuh orang, lalu nyadika Mexico menua Hispanofon ke pemadu mayuh mensia di dunya. Jaku Sepanyol Mexico nujuka variasyen jaku ti dikena ba menua tu, ti bebida ari siti pelilih menua ngagai pelilih menua bukai ba munyi, struktur, enggau leka jaku. 
thumb|Kar ungkup taun 2000 jaku asal Mexico ngembuan lebih 100,000 iku orang ke bejaku .

Perintah besai ngaku enggau rasmi enam puluh lapan raban jaku enggau 364 bansa jaku asal. Dipelabaka urung 8.3 juta iku rayat ngena jaku tu, enggau Jaku Nahuatl nyadi jaku ti pemadu mayuh dikena lebih ari 1.7 juta, ditangkanka Jaku Maya Yucatec ti dikena ninting hari urung 850,000 iku orang. Jaku Tzeltal enggau Tzotzil, jaku-jaku Maya ke bukai, dikena urung setengah juta iku orang siku-siku, kelebih agi ba negeri selatan Chiapas. Jaku Mixtec enggau Zapotec, enggau urung 500,000 pejaku asal, iya nya dua bengkah raban jaku bukai ti tampak. Kenyau ari penumbuh iya dalam bulan Mac 2003, Institut Jaku Asal Nasional udah megai tanggung pengawa ngangkat sereta nyaga guna jaku asal menua tu, nengah Undang-undang Besai Hak Jaku Bansa Asal, ti ngaku sida nyadi jaku nasional de jure ti bisi status ke sama enggau Jaku Sepanyol. Nya taja pia, dalam pengawa, raban bansa asal suah napi diskriminasyen lalu nadai akses penuh ngagai servis mensia mayuh baka pelajar enggau nyaga pengerai, tauka ngagai sistem keadilan, laban jaku Sepanyol nya jaku ti dikena.

Kelimpah ari jaku asal, bisi beberapa jaku minoriti ke dikena di Mexico ketegal pemindah entarabansa baka Jaku Jereman Rendah ulih 80,000 iku orang Mennonite, keterubah iya ngentapka diri ba nengeri-nengeri utara, diperansang ulih toleransi perintah besai ngagai komuniti tu nengah chara ngemendarka sida netapka sistem pelajar sida ti setipak enggau adat sereta main asal sida. Chipilo dialect, siti ari variasyen jaku Venetia, dikena ba mengeri Chipilo, bepalan ba negeri tengah Puebla, ulih urung 2,500 iku, ke tebal agi peturun orang Venetia ke pindah ngagai kandang menua nya ba ujung kurun ke-19. Jaku English nya jaku bansa bukai ke pemadu suah diajar ba Mexico. Dipelabaka urung 24 juta iku, tauka urung seperlima ari penyampau tubuh, belajarka jaku nya nengah sekula awam, institusyen peribit, tauka jalai akses kediri empu, taja pia, tikas pengelandik jaku English ti tinggi semina ba 5% ari penyampau tubuh. Jaku Peranchis nyadi jaku luar kedua pemadu mayuh diajar, laban ninting taun entara 200,000 ngagai 250,000 iku nembiak Mexico ngambi kus jaku.

Nota

 Penyanding 

Kategori:Menua ba Amerika Utara