Çhengoaylleeaght y Vretnish
{{fogrey çhengoaylleeaght}}
:{| class="prettytable"
|-
| style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | '''Notey da lhaihderyn.'''  Ayns yn art shoh, ta lettyryn ard cowraghey ceaghlaghyn ta taghyrt lurg shiartanse dy 'ocklyn:
* ta <sup>B</sup> cowraghey boggaghys
* ta <sup>E</sup> cowraghey ennalaghys
* ta <sup>S</sup> cowraghey stronnaghys
|}

Ta '''çhengoaylleeaght y [[Bretnish|Vretnish]]''' çheet er troyn [[çhengoaylleeaght|çhengoaylleeagh]] y Vretnish (myr sampleyr, [[co-ordrail]], [[sheeanaghtys]], [[sheeanchoryssaghtys]], [[jalloo-oaylleeaght]] as reddyn elley), as er studeyrys er ny troyn shen.

===Artyn===

Cha nel [[art neuhoilshaghey]] ec Bretnish.  Ta ymmyd yn [[art kinjagh]] gollrish y ymmyd jeh 'sy Ghaelg, goaill stiagh y [[#boggaghys|boggaghys]] t'eh cur er ennymocklyn bwoirrinagh.  Ta tree cummaghyn ec yn art kinjagh:
* My ta breeockle ec jerrey yn 'ockle roie, vees {{lang|cy|''' 'r'''}} ayn.  Ta'n tosheeaght ec y reill shoh harrish ny reillyn elley.  Shen gollrish ymmyd '' ’n'' 'sy Ghaelg.
: Myr sampleyr, {{lang|cy|''mae''''r''' gath tu allan''}} (''ta'n kayt çheumooie'')
* My ta breeockle ec toshiaght yn 'ockle ny lurg, vees {{lang|cy|'''yr'''}} ayn.  Shen gollrish ymmyd ''yn'' 'sy Ghaelg.
: Myr sampleyr, {{lang|cy|'''''yr''' ardd''}} (''y garey'')
* Ayns çhymbyllaghtyn elley, ta {{lang|cy|'''y'''}} ayn.  Shen gollrish ymmyd ''y'' 'sy Ghaelg.
: Myr sampleyr, {{lang|cy|'''y''' bachgen''}} (''y garey'')

==Jalloo-oaylleeaght ny Bretnish==

===Keintys===

Ta daa cheintys ec [[Bretnish]]: firrinagh as bwoirrinagh.  

=== Ceaghley corocklyn toshee===

Myr dagh çhengey Celtiagh jeinagh, ta [[ceaghley corockle toshee|ceaghlaghyn corockle toshee]] ec Bretnish.  She obbyraghyn çhengagh adsyn, caghlaa kied corockle 'ockle rere yn çhymbyllaght [[jalloo-oaylleeaght|jalloo-oaylleeagh]] as [[co-ordrail|co-ordrailagh]] echey.

Ta tree obbyr ceaghlagh ec Bretnish: [[boggaghys]] (Bretnish: ''{{lang|cy|treiglad meddal}}''), [[stronnaghys]] (Bretnish: ''{{lang|cy|treiglad trwynol}}'') as [[ennalaghey]] (Bretnish: ''{{lang|cy|treiglad llaes}}'').  Chammah's shen, ta reill [[cur stiagh sheean]] (''epenthesis'') erreish da shiartanse dy 'ocklyn, as /h/ currit nyn lurg.

:{| class="wikitable" cellspacing="7" style="text-align: center;" 
 |+'''Ceaghlaghyn 'sy Vretnish'''<ref>{{enmyslioar
  | ennym = Pocket Modern Welsh Dictionary
  | soilsheyder = Oxford University Press
  | isbn = 9780198645313
  | blein = 2000
  | screeudeyr = Gareth King
  | çhengey = Baarle
}}
</ref>
 ! colspan ="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Corockle gyn ceaghley
 ! colspan ="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Boggaghys
 ! colspan ="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Stronnaghys
 ! colspan ="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Ennalaghey
 |-
 |-
 |'''p''' || {{ASE|/p/}}||'''b''' || {{ASE|/b/}}||'''mh''' || {{ASE|/m̥/}}||'''ph''' || {{ASE|/f/}}
 |-
 |'''t''' || {{ASE|/t/}}||'''d''' || {{ASE|/d/}} ||'''nh''', || {{ASE|/n̥/}}||'''th''' || {{ASE|/θ/}}
 |-
 |'''c''' || {{ASE|/k/}}||'''g''' || {{ASE|/g/}}||'''ngh''' || {{ASE|/ŋ̊ /}}||'''ch''' || {{ASE|/x/}}
 |-
 |'''b''' || {{ASE|/b/}}||'''v''' || {{ASE|/v/}}||'''v''' || {{ASE|/v/, /w/}}||'''m''' || {{ASE|/m/}}
 |-
 |'''d''', || {{ASE|/d/}}||'''dh''' || {{ASE|/ð/}}||'''n''' || {{ASE|/n/}}||'''d'''|| {{ASE|/n/}}
 |-
 |'''g''' || {{ASE|/g/}}||''veg'' || ''veg'' ||'''ng''' || {{ASE|/ŋ/}}||'''g''' || {{ASE|/g/}}
 |-
 |'''m''' || {{ASE|/m/}}||'''f''' || {{ASE|/v/}}||'''n''' || {{ASE|/n/}}||'''n''' || {{ASE|/n/}}
 |-
 |'''ll''' || {{ASE|/ɬ/}}||'''l'''* || {{ASE|/l/}}||'''ll''' || {{ASE|/ ɬ /}}||'''ll''' || {{ASE|/ɬ/}}
 |-
 |'''rh''' || {{ASE|/r̥/}}||'''r'''* || {{ASE|/r/}}||'''rh''' || {{ASE|/r̥/}}||'''rh''' || {{ASE|/r̥/}}
|-
| colspan = "8" | *Cha nel '''ll''' as '''rh''' caghlaa cho mennick as fir elley.
 |}

====Boggaghys ny "treiglad meddal"====

Ta [[boggaghys]] ny cheaghley feer vennick 'sy Vretnish.  T'ad cur ''{{lang|cy|treiglad meddal}}'' er.  Cha nel eh slane gollrish boggaghys 'sy Ghaelg.  T'eh taghyrt:

* Erreish da kione y raa
: Myr sampleyr, {{lang|cy|''mi<sup> B</sup> welodd '''Sioned'''<sup> B</sup> gath''}} (''honnick Sioned kayt'')
: Ta {{lang|cy|'''Sioned'''}} ny kione y raa ayns shoh.
* Ayns marenmyn erreish da ennymockle bwoirrinagh unnaneagh
: Myr sampleyr, {{lang|cy|''merch<sup> B</sup> fach''}} (''inneen veg'')
: Agh {{lang|cy|''merched bach''}} (''inneenyn beggey'')
* Ayns ennymockle bwoirrinagh erreish da'n [[art kinjagh]]
: Myr sampleyr, {{lang|cy|''dafad''}} > {{lang|cy|''y<sup> B</sup> ddafad''}} (''keyrrey, y cheyrrey'')
* Erreish da'n chooid smoo dy roie-ocklyn unheeleydagh
: {{lang|cy|''bwrdd''}} > {{lang|cy|''ar fwrdd''}} (''boayrd, er boayrd'')
: {{lang|cy|''Caerdydd''}} > {{lang|cy|''i Gaerdydd''}} (''Cayr Deeth, dys Cayr Deeth'')
* Erreish da {{lang|cy|''dau''}} as {{lang|cy|''dwy''}} (''daa'', firrinagh as bwoirrinagh)
* Erreish da {{lang|cy|''dyma''}}, {{lang|cy|''dyna''}} as {{lang|cy|''dacw''}} (''shoh, shen'' as ''shid'')
* Erreish da ny farenmyn shellooagh {{lang|cy|''dy''}} (''dty''), as {{lang|cy|''ei''}} firrinagh (''e''); agh cha nel erreish da {{lang|cy|''ei''}} bwoirrinagh
* Erreish da ''yn'' tra t'eh ny ayrneen ta kiangley ennymockle as marennym
: {{lang|cy|''mawr''}} > {{lang|cy|''llyfr mawr''}} > {{lang|cy|''mae'r llyfr yn<sup> B</sup> fawr''}} (''lioar, lioar mooar, ta'n lioar mooar'')
* Erreish da {{lang|cy|''yn''}} tra t'eh cowraghey stayd yn ennymockle, gollrish ''my, dty, ny...'' 'sy Ghaelg.  Agh ayns y Vretnish, cha nel agh yn un fockle, as ta'n ceaghley taghyrt ayns dagh cooish.
: {{lang|cy|''dyn ifanc''}} > {{lang|cy|''pan oed o'n<sup> B</sup> ddyn ifanc''}} (''dooinney aeg, tra v'eh ny ghooinney aeg'')
: {{lang|cy|''dynes ifanc''}} > {{lang|cy|''pan oed hi'n<sup> B</sup> ddynes ifanc''}} (ben aeg, tra v'ee ny ben aeg'')
* Erreish da focklyn cadjin:
**{{lang|cy|''go''}} (''dy liooar'')
**{{lang|cy|''mor''}} (''cho, cha'')
**{{lang|cy|''neu''}} (''ny'' - myr t'eh ayns ''fer ny ghaa'')
**{{lang|cy|''pa''}} (''cre'')
**{{lang|cy|''pan''}} (''tra''
**{{lang|cy|''pur''}} (''feer'')
**{{lang|cy|''pwy''}} (''quoi'')
**{{lang|cy|''rhy''}} (''ro'', ''ro-'')
**{{lang|cy|''un''}} bwoirrinagh (''un'')
* Erreish da'n ayrneen {{lang|cy|''mi''}} / {{lang|cy|''fe''}}, as eshyn cowraghey y cummey jarrooagh.
: {{lang|cy|''talu''}} > {{lang|cy|''mi<sup> B</sup> dales i''}} (''eeck'', ''deeck mee'')
* Son cowraghey tra haghyr red ennagh
: {{lang|cy|''blwyddyn''}} > {{lang|cy|''<sup> B</sup> flwyddyn yn ôl''}} (''blein, blein er dy henney'')
: {{lang|cy|''dydd Sul''}} > {{lang|cy|''<sup> B</sup> ddydd Sul''}} (''Jedoonee'', as myr sampleyr, ''t'ee cliaghtey çheet Jedoonee'' ny ''haink ee Jedoonee'')
* Ayns focklyn covestit
: {{lang|cy|''prif'' + ''dinas''}} > {{lang|cy|''prifddinas''}} (''ard'' + ''balley'' > ''ard-valley'')
* Erreish da [[meer roie]]
: {{lang|cy|''gwaith''}} > {{lang|cy|''diwaith''}} (''obbyr'', ''gyn obbyr'')

Anchasley rish y Ghaelg, '''cha nel''' ceaghley er lheh erreish da ''roie-ockle + yn''.
: {{lang|cy|''ar y bwrdd''}} (''er y voayrd'', firrinagh)
Agh bee fer ayn, foddee, ec focklyn bwoirrinagh, er coontey yn art kinjagh).
: {{lang|cy|''ar y<sup> B</sup> gadair''}} (''er y chaair'', bwoirrinagh)

====Stronnaghys ny "treiglad trwynol"====

Ta stronnaghys (''{{lang|cy|treiglad trwynol}}'') ry-akin:

* Erreish da {{lang|cy|''yn''}} myr roie-ockle as y keeall ''ayns'' echey
: {{lang|cy|''Caerdydd''}} > {{lang|cy|''yn<sup> S</sup> Nghaerdydd''}} (''Cayr Deeth, ayns Cayr Deeth'')
* Erreish da {{lang|cy|''y''}} ny {{lang|cy|''fy''}} (far-ennym shellooagh kied phersoon unnaneagh)
: Myr sampleyr, {{lang|cy|''tad''}} > {{lang|cy|''fy<sup> S</sup> nhad''}} (''ayr, my ayr'')

====Ennalaghey ny "treiglad llaes"====

Ta ennalaghey (''{{lang|cy|treiglad llaes}}'') ry-akin:

* Erreish da ny farennym shellooagh {{lang|cy|''ei''}} bwoirrinagh (''e'')
: {{lang|cy|''cath''}} > {{lang|cy|''ei<sup> E</sup> chath''}} (''kayt, e kayt'')
* Ayns breearyn ayns y chummey obballagh:
: {{lang|cy|''colli''}} > {{lang|cy|''cholles i''}} (''coayl, chaill mee'')
* Erreish da {{lang|cy|''a''}} (''as'')
* Erreish da {{lang|cy|''â''}} as {{lang|cy|''gyda''}} (''marish, lesh'')
: {{lang|cy|''cath''}} > {{lang|cy|''es i gyda<sup> E</sup> chath''}} (''kayt, hie mee marish kayt'')
* Erreish da {{lang|cy|''tua''}} (''mysh'')
* Erreish da {{lang|cy|''tri''}} as {{lang|cy|''chwech''}} (''tree'' firrinagh, ''shey'')
: {{lang|cy|''ci''}} > {{lang|cy|''tri<sup> E</sup> chi''}} (''moddey, tree moddee'')

====Cur stiagh /h/====

Ta /h/ goll er cur stiagh:

* Erreish da {{lang|cy|''ei''}}, {{lang|cy|''ein''}} as {{lang|cy|''eu''}} (''e''.<small>2UN.BWO</small>, ''nyn''.<small>1YL</small> as ''nyn''.<small>3YL</small>)

====Ceaghley meshtit====

Ta'n ceaghley shoh goaill stiagh ennalaghey as boggaghys.  My foddee y fockle jannoo ennalaghey, vees eh; mannagh nod, vees eh jannoo boggaghys.  Ta ceaghley meshtit ry-akin:

* Ayns breearyn ayns y chummey obballagh
: {{lang|cy|''gwneud''}} > {{lang|cy|''<sup> B</sup> wnaith o ddim''}} (''jannoo'', ''cha ren eh'')
: agh {{lang|cy|''codi''}} > {{lang|cy|''<sup>E</sup> chododd o ddim}} (''irree'', ''cha dirree eh'')
: ny keayrtyn, ta focklyn as '''t''' ny '''p''' ec y toshiaght goll er boggaghey ayns glare neuformoil

===Marenmyn===
Gollrish Gaelg, ta marnemyn çheet ny lurg yn ennymockle son y chooid smoo.  Ta shiartanse jeu goll roish:
* {{lang|cy|''hen''}} (''shenn'')
* {{lang|cy|''pob''}} (''dagh'')
* {{lang|cy|''holl''}} (''slane'')
 
Cha nel aafilley ec marenmyn son y chooid smoo, agh ta cummaghyn firrinagh as bwoirrinagh ec beggan veg jeu: myr sampleyr, {{lang|cy|''gwyn''}} (fir.), {{lang|cy|''gwen''}} (bwo.) (''bane'') as {{lang|cy|''cryf''}} (fir.), {{lang|cy|''cref''}} (bwo.) (''lajer'').
 
Ta cosoylaghey goll er jannoo liorish [[meer yerree|meeryn jerree]], ny liorish focklyn cooney.  Marenmyn un- ny daaheeleydagh, ta meer yerree oc: {{lang|cy|''-ach''}}, {{lang|cy|''-a(f)''}} as {{lang|cy|''-ed''}}.  Ta ny meeryn jerree shoh caghlaa ''b, d, g'' ec jerrey yn 'ockle dys dys ''p, t, c'' liorish [[creoiaghey]].
* {{lang|cy|''coch''}} (''jiarg'')
* {{lang|cy|''coch''}} > {{lang|cy|''cochach''}} (''ny s'jiargey'')
* {{lang|cy|''coch''}} > {{lang|cy|''cocha(f)''}} ('''s'jiargey'')
* {{lang|cy|''coch''}} > {{lang|cy|''cyn coched â...''}} (''cho jiarg as...'')
* {{lang|cy|''teg''}} (''corrym, aalin'')
* {{lang|cy|''teg''}} > {{lang|cy|''tecach''}} (''ny s'aaley'')
* {{lang|cy|''teg''}} > {{lang|cy|''teca(f)''}} ('''s'aaley'')
* {{lang|cy|''teg''}} > {{lang|cy|''cyn teced â...''}} (''cho aalin as...'')
 
Ny keayrtyn, ta caghlaa ayns cummey varennym son dy hroggal y cummey cosoylaghey<ref name="aufrecht">{{enmysearishlioar
  | ennym = On the affix of the Welsh degree of equality
  | screeudeyr = Theodore Aufrecht
  | earishlioar = Transactions of the Philological Society
  | ym-lioar = 3
  | earroo = 1
  | duillag = 47-50
  | çhengey = Baarle
  | blein = 1856
}}</ref>:
* {{lang|cy|''main''}} > {{lang|cy|''meinach, meina(f), meined''}} (''keyl'')
* {{lang|cy|''crwn''}} > {{lang|cy|''crynach, cryna(f), cryned''}} ('''cruinn'')
* {{lang|cy|''tlawd''}} > {{lang|cy|''tlotach, tlota(f), tloted''}} (''boght'')
**Gow tastey dy vel niartaghey ec {{lang|cy|''tlawd''}} ta caghlaa /d/ dys /t/, chammah's y caghlaa breeockle.

Marenmyn as ny smoo na daa hillab oc, t'ad jannoo ymmyd jeh {{lang|cy|''mwy''}} (''ny smoo'') as {{lang|cy|''mwya''}} (''smoo'') myr focklyn coonee.  Adsyn as daa hillab oc, foddee ad jannoo y ghaa.

====Cowraghey magh====

Jeeagh er [[#Farenmyn cowraghey magh]] myrgeddin.

Ta cowraghey magh 'sy Vretnish gollrish y Ghaelg, as ny focklyn coheeynt dy jeeragh:
* {{lang|cy|''yma, 'ma''}} (''ayns shoh'')
* {{lang|cy|''yna''}} (''ayns shen'')
* {{lang|cy|''acw''}} (''ayns shid'')
Ta cummey elley ec Bretnish: 
* {{lang|cy|''yno''}}.  Ta'n cummey shoh myr ''yna'', agh t'eh cowraghey red ennagh ta ass shilley.

T'ad goll er cur ny lurg yn ennymockle son dy chowraghey fer er lheh:
* {{lang|cy|''y llyfr yma, y llyfr 'ma''}} (''y lioar shoh'')
* {{lang|cy|''y llyfr yna''}} (''y lioar shen'')
* {{lang|cy|''y llyfr yno''}} (''y lioar shen, ass shilley'')
* {{lang|cy|''y llyfr acw''}} (''y lioar shid'')

Son dy ghra dy vel red ennagh ayns boayl ennagh, ny ayns feyshtyn:

* {{lang|cy|''dwi'n byw yma}} (''ta mee cummal ayns shoh'')
* {{lang|cy|''ydy Gwen yna?''}} (''vel Gwen ayns shen?'')
* {{lang|cy|''mae gen i ffrind yno''}} (''ta carrey aym ayns shen'')
* {{lang|cy|''pwy sy'n gweithio acw?''}} (''quoi ta gobbraghey ayns shid?'')

Agh ta cummey elley son dy chowraghey magh red ennagh da sleih elley, as son dy chur enney da sleih, as '''d-''' roish:
* {{lang|cy|''dyma llyfr''}} (''shoh lioar'')
* {{lang|cy|''dyna Iolo''}} (''shen Iolo'')
* {{lang|cy|''dacw rhai ohonyn''}} (''shid kuse jeu'')

===Farmenmyn===

Ta cummaghyn cadjin as trome ec farmenmyn ny Bretnish:

:{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|- style="background: #FFDEAD;"
| colspan="2" |
! style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Cadjin
! style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Trome
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Kied phersoon
| style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Unnaneagh
| {{lang|cy|(f)i, mi}}
| {{lang|cy|(f)innau, minnau}}
|-
| style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Yl-rey
| {{lang|cy|ni}}
| {{lang|cy|ninnau}}
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Nah phersoon
| style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Unnaneagh
| {{lang|cy|ti, di}}
| {{lang|cy|tithau, dithau}}
|-
| style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Yl-rey
| {{lang|cy|chi}}
| {{lang|cy|chithau}}
|-
! rowspan="3" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Treeoo phersoon
| style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Bwoirrinagh
| {{lang|cy|hi}}
| {{lang|cy|hithau}}
|-
| style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Firrinagh
| {{lang|cy|(f)e, (f)o}}
| {{lang|cy|yntau, fintau}}
|-
| style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Yl-rey
| {{lang|cy|nhw}}
| {{lang|cy|nhwthau}}
|}

====Farenmyn cowraghey magh====

Jeeagh er [[#Cowraghey magh]] myrgeddin.

:{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|- style="background: #FFDEAD;"
| scope="col" style="background: #FFDEAD;"|
! scope="col" style="background: #FFDEAD;"| Bwoirrinagh
! scope="col" style="background: #FFDEAD;"| Firrinagh
! scope="col" style="background: #FFDEAD;"| Neuloaghtagh
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | shoh<small>UN</small>
| {{lang|cy|hon}}
| {{lang|cy|hwn}}
| {{lang|cy|hyn}}
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | shen<small>UN</small>
| {{lang|cy|honno, honna}}
| {{lang|cy|hwnnw, hwnna}}
| {{lang|cy|hynny}}
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | shoh<small>YL</small>
| colspan="2" | {{lang|cy|y rhain}}
| rowspan="2" style="background: grey;" | 
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | shen<small>YL</small>
| colspan="2" | {{lang|cy|y rheiny}}

|}

===Breearyn===

Ayns Bretnish, ta ymmodee cummaghyn yn-filleydagh ec breearyn son dy chowraghey magh emshiryn.  Ayns lioar-ghlare, t'ad jannoo ymmyd jen ny cummaghyn shoh son y chooid smoo.  Ayns glare cadjin, ta cummaghyn ym-loayrtagh ry-chlashtyn dy mennick, agh ta ny cummaghyn yn-filleydagh ayn chammah, bentyn rish breearyn cadjin er lheh - myr sampleyr, {{lang|cy|''mynd''}} (''goll'') as {{lang|cy|''cael''}} (''geddyn'').

Ta kiare [[emshir ym-loayrtagh|emshiryn ym-loayrtagh]] ec Bretnish myrgeddin, as t'adsyn jannoo ymmyd jeh {{lang|cy|''bod''}} (''ve'').  Jeeagh er [[#Emshiryn ym-loayrtagh]] son ymmyd ny h-emshiryn shoh.

====Cummaghyn yn-filleydagh====

Ta ymmodee cummaghyn yn-filleydagh ec breearyn Bretnish.  Ta'n taabyl shoh taishbyney cummaghyn y vreear {{lang|cy|''talu''}} (''eeck'').

:{| class="wikitable"
|- 
| colspan="2" style="background: #FFDEAD;" |
! style="background: #FFDEAD;" scope="col" | Unnaneagh
! style="background: #FFDEAD;" scope="col" | Yl-rey
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Pretereitagh
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Kied phersoon
| {{lang|cy|tales, talais}}
| {{lang|cy|talon}}
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Nah phersoon
| {{lang|cy|talest, talaist}}
| {{lang|cy|taloch}}
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Tree phersoon
| {{lang|cy|talodd}}
| {{lang|cy|talon}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Ry-heet
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Kied phersoon
| {{lang|cy|tala}}
| {{lang|cy|talwn}}
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Nah phersoon
| {{lang|cy|tali}}
| {{lang|cy|talwch}}
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Treeoo phersoon
| {{lang|cy|talith}}
| {{lang|cy|talan}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Kianglagh
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Kied phersoon
| {{lang|cy|talwn}}
| {{lang|cy|talen}}
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Nah phersoon
| {{lang|cy|talet}}
| {{lang|cy|talech}}
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Treeoo phersoon
| {{lang|cy|talai}}
| {{lang|cy|talen}}
|}

Mychione y pretereitagh:
**Ayns shiartanse dy vuill, t'ad cur ''-s-'' eddyr y fraue as cummaghyn yl-rey.
**Ayns shiartanse dy vuill, ta cumaghyn myr {{lang|cy|''talws''}} ayn ayns ynnyd jeh {{lang|cy|''talodd''}}.
*Mychione yn emshir ry-heet:
** T'ad jannoo ymmyd jeh {{lang|cy|''di''}} (''oo'') ayns ynnyd jeh {{lang|cy|''ti''}}, myr shen {{lang|cy|''tali di''}}, cha nel {{lang|cy|*''tali ti''}}.
**Ayns shiartanse dy vuill 'sy yiass, t'ad jannoo ymmyd jeh'n jerrey {{lang|cy|-iff}} ayns ynnyd jeh {{lang|cy|-ith}} son y treeoo phersoon unnaneagh; myr shen, {{lang|cy|''taliff''}} ayns ynnyd jeh {{lang|cy|''talith''}}.
*Mychione yn emshir kianglagh:
**Ayns shiartanse dy vuill, t'ad cur ''-s-'' eddyr y fraue as cummaghyn yl-rey.

====Breearyn neureiltagh====
Ta shiartanse dy vreearyn cadjin 'sy Vretnish nagh vel jannoo ymmyd jeh ny cummaghyn yn-filleydagh cadjin.  Ta {{lang|cy|''bod''}} (''ve'') as {{lang|cy|''gwybod''}} (''fys y ve ayd'') neureiltagh dy firrinagh; ny fir elley, ta'n cummaghyn cheddin ec tree jeu, as myr shen, foddee oo gra dy nee keim elley dy vreearyn t'ayn, cha nel breearyn neureiltagh.  Y queigoo vreear, {{lang|cy|''cael''}} (''goaill''), foddee eh jannoo reillyn ny tree elley, agh ayns shiartanse dy vuill, ta cummaghyn er lheh echey.

=====Bod=====

Chammah's ny cummaghyn yn-filleydagh t'ec breearyn elley (y pretereitagh, emshir ry-heet as kianglagh), ta cummaghyn yn-filleydagh laaragh as chaie eck, as ymmyd jeant jeh myr breearyn coonee marish breearyn elley.  Chammah's yn-filley son earroo as persoon, ta {{lang|cy|''bod''}} (''ve'') eddyrscarrey jarrooagh, feyshtagh, obballagh.

Ta cummaghyn anchasley rish y cheilley ec y Hwoaie as y Yiass.

:{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background: #FFDEAD;"
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! colspan="2" scope="col" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | '''Jarrooagh''' (''Ta mee'')
! colspan="2" scope="col" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | '''Feyshtagh''' (''Vel mee?'')
! colspan="2" scope="col" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | '''Obballagh''' (''Cha nel mee'')
|- style="background: #FFDEAD;"
! scope="col" style="background: #FFE4C4;"| Unnaneagh
! scope="col" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Yl-rey
! scope="col" style="background: #FFE4C4;"| Unnaneagh
! scope="col" style="background: #FFE4C4;"| Yl-rey
! scope="col" style="background: #FFE4C4;"| Unnaneagh
! scope="col" style="background: #FFE4C4;"| Yl-rey
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Laaragh
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Kied phersoon
| {{lang|cy|(ry)dw, rw}}
| {{lang|cy|(ry)dan}}
| {{lang|cy|ydw?}}
| {{lang|cy|ydan?}}
| {{lang|cy|(dy)dw ...ddim}}
| {{lang|cy|(dy)dan ... dim}}
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Nah phersoon
| {{lang|cy|(r)wyt}}
| {{lang|cy|(ryd)ach, ych}}
| {{lang|cy|wyt?}}
| {{lang|cy|(y)dach?}}
| {{lang|cy|dwyt ... dim}}
| {{lang|cy|(dy)dach ... dim}}
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Treeoo phersoon
| {{lang|cy|mae}}
| {{lang|cy|maen}}
| {{lang|cy|ydy, yw?}}
| {{lang|cy|ydyn?}}
| {{lang|cy|dydy ... dim}}
| {{lang|cy|dydyn ... dim}}
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Pretereitagh
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Kied phersoon
| {{lang|cy|bues}}
| {{lang|cy|buon}}
| {{lang|cy|fues?}}
| {{lang|cy|fuon?}}
| {{lang|cy|fues ... dim}}
| {{lang|cy|fuon ... dim}}
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Nah phersoon
| {{lang|cy|buest}}
| {{lang|cy|buoch}}
| {{lang|cy|fuest?}}
| {{lang|cy|fuoch?}}
| {{lang|cy|fuest ... dim}}
| {{lang|cy|fuoch ... dim}}
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Treeoo phersoon
| {{lang|cy|buodd}}
| {{lang|cy|buon}}
| {{lang|cy|fuodd?}}
| {{lang|cy|fuon?}}
| {{lang|cy|fuodd ... dim}}
| {{lang|cy|fuon ... dim}}
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Chaie
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Kied phersoon
| {{lang|cy|roeddwn, rôn}}
| {{lang|cy|roedden, rôn}}
| {{lang|cy|oeddwn, ôn?}}
| {{lang|cy|oedden, ôn?}}
| {{lang|cy|doeddwn ... dim, dôn ... dim}}
| {{lang|cy|doedden ... dim, dôn ... dim}}
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Nah phersoon
| {{lang|cy|roeddet, rôt}}
| {{lang|cy|roeddech, rôch}}
| {{lang|cy|oeddet, ôt?}}
| {{lang|cy|oeddech, ôt?}}
| {{lang|cy|doeddet ... dim}}
| {{lang|cy|doeddech ... dim}}
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4" | Treeoo phersoon
| {{lang|cy|roedd}}
| {{lang|cy|roeddyn, rôn}}
| {{lang|cy|oedd?}}
| {{lang|cy|oeddyn, ôn?}}
| {{lang|cy|doedd ... dim}}
| {{lang|cy|doeddyn ... dim, dôn ... dim}}
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Ry-heet
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Kied phersoon
| {{lang|cy|bydda}}
| {{lang|cy|byddwn}}
| {{lang|cy|fydda?}}
| {{lang|cy|fyddwn?}}
| {{lang|cy|fydda ... dim}}
| {{lang|cy|fyddwn ... dim}}
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Nah phersoon
| {{lang|cy|byddi}}
| {{lang|cy|byddwch}}
| {{lang|cy|fyddi?}}
| {{lang|cy|fyddwch?}}
| {{lang|cy|fyddi ... dim}}
| {{lang|cy|fyddwch ... dim}}
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Treeoo phersoon
| {{lang|cy|bydd}}
| {{lang|cy|byddan}}
| {{lang|cy|fydd?}}
| {{lang|cy|fyddan?}}
| {{lang|cy|fydd ... dim}}
| {{lang|cy|fyddan ... dim}}
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Kiang. <br> (frau {{lang|cy|bydd-}})
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Kied phersoon
| {{lang|cy|byddwn}}
| {{lang|cy|bydden}}
| {{lang|cy|fyddwn?}}
| {{lang|cy|fydden?}}
| {{lang|cy|fyddwn ... dim}}
| {{lang|cy|fydden ... dim}}
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Nah phersoon
| {{lang|cy|byddet}}
| {{lang|cy|byddech}}
| {{lang|cy|fyddet?}}
| {{lang|cy|fyddech?}}
| {{lang|cy|fyddet ... dim}}
| {{lang|cy|fyddech ... dim}}
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Treeoo phersoon
| {{lang|cy|byddai}}
| {{lang|cy|bydden}}
| {{lang|cy|fyddai?}}
| {{lang|cy|fydden?}}
| {{lang|cy|fyddai ... dim}}
| {{lang|cy|fydden ... dim}}
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Kiang. <br> (fraue {{lang|cy|bas-}})
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Kied phersoon
| {{lang|cy|baswn}}
| {{lang|cy|basen}}
| {{lang|cy|faswn?}}
| {{lang|cy|fasen?}}
| {{lang|cy|faswn ... dim}}
| {{lang|cy|fasen ... dim}}
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Nah phersoon
| {{lang|cy|baset}}
| {{lang|cy|basech}}
| {{lang|cy|faset?}}
| {{lang|cy|fasech?}}
| {{lang|cy|faset ... dim}}
| {{lang|cy|fasech ... dim}}
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Treeoo phersoon
| {{lang|cy|basai}}
| {{lang|cy|basen}}
| {{lang|cy|fasai?}}
| {{lang|cy|fasen?}}
| {{lang|cy|fasai ... dim}}
| {{lang|cy|fasen ... dim}}
|-
|}

* Ta {{lang|cy|''ddim''}} goll er cur ny lurg y far-ennym ayns cummaghyn obballagh dy {{lang|cy|''bod''}}.  T'eh gollrish "cha", agh t'eh ny lurg y far-ennym, ayns ynnyd jeh roie y vreear.
: Myr sampleyr, "{{lang|cy|dw i '''ddim''' yn mynd}}", ("'''''cha''' nel mee goll''")
* Shimmey cummey boaylagh t'ayn.

=====Gwybod=====

Ta cummaghyn pretereitagh as kianglagh ec {{lang|cy|''gwybod''}} (''fys y ve ayd''), as ta ymmyd jeant jeu son dy chowraghey emshir laaragh as emshir chaie.  Shoh cummaghyn yn emshir laaragh:

:{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background: #FFDEAD;"
|
! scope="col" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Unnaneagh
! scope="col" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Yl-rey
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Kied phersoon
| {{lang|cy|gwn}}
| {{lang|cy|gwyddon}}
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Nah phersoon
| {{lang|cy|gwyddost}}
| {{lang|cy|gwyddoch}}
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Treeoo phersoon
| {{lang|cy|gŵyr}}
| {{lang|cy|gwyddon}}
|}

Ayns y raa cadjin {{lang|cy|''dwn i ddim''}} (''cha s'aym''), ta cummey obballagh er lheh jeh'n laaragh kied phersoonagh.

===Ennymocklyn===

Ta ennymocklyn goll er yn-filley son earroo liorish ymmodee cummaghyn reiltagh, chammah’s fir neureiltagh.  Cha nel ad goll er yn-filley son case.

Ta cummaghyn yl-rey goaill stiagh:

* {{lang|cy|-au}} ny {{lang|cy|-iau}}
: {{lang|cy|llyfr}} > {{lang|cy|llyfrau}} (''lioar, lioaryn'')
* {{lang|cy|-on}} ny {{lang|cy|-ion}}
: {{lang|cy|geiriadur}} > {{lang|cy|geiriadurion}} (''fockleyr, fockleyryn'')
* {{lang|cy|-oedd}}
: {{lang|cy|lle}} > {{lang|cy|lleoedd}} (''boayll, buill'')
* {{lang|cy|-i}}
: {{lang|cy|bisged}} > {{lang|cy|bisgedi}} (''briskee, briskeeyn'')
* Coayl {{lang|cy|-yn}} ny {{lang|cy|-en}} ec jerrey yn 'ockle (hoal noi yn yl-rey Gaelg).  Adsyn as -yn oc, t'ad firrinagh; adsyn as -en oc, t'ad bwoirrinagh.
: {{lang|cy|malwoden}} > {{lang|cy|malwod}} (''crammag, crammagyn'')
: {{lang|cy|rhosyn}} > {{lang|cy|rhos}} (''rose, roseyn'')

Ta cummaghyn yl-rey neureiltagh cadjin goaill stiagh:
* {{lang|cy|brawd}} > {{lang|cy|brodyr}} (''braar, braaraghyn'')
* {{lang|cy|chwaer}} > {{lang|cy|chwiorydd}} (''shuyr, shuyraghyn'')
* {{lang|cy|mab}} > {{lang|cy|meibion}} (''mac, mec'')
* {{lang|cy|brenin}} > {{lang|cy|brenhinoedd}} (''braar, braaraghyn'')
* {{lang|cy|troed}} > {{lang|cy|traed}} (''cass, cassyn'')
* {{lang|cy|llaw}} > {{lang|cy|dwylo}} (''laue, laueyn'' - rere ny focklyn, ''daa laue'')

==Co-ordail==
{{ardart|Co-ordrail y Vretnish}}

==Imraaghyn==
{{rolleyimraaghyn}}

{{Bretnish}}
{{Çhengoaylleeaght ny Çhengaghyn Celtiagh}}

[[Ronney:Bretnish|Chengoaylleeaght]]
[[Ronney:Çhengoaylleeaght rere çhengey|Vretnish]]
|-
| style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Notey da lhaihderyn.  Ayns yn art shoh, ta lettyryn ard cowraghey ceaghlaghyn ta taghyrt lurg shiartanse dy 'ocklyn:
 ta B cowraghey boggaghys
 ta E cowraghey ennalaghys
 ta S cowraghey stronnaghys
|}

Ta çhengoaylleeaght y Vretnish çheet er troyn çhengoaylleeagh y Vretnish (myr sampleyr, co-ordrail, sheeanaghtys, sheeanchoryssaghtys, jalloo-oaylleeaght as reddyn elley), as er studeyrys er ny troyn shen.

Artyn

Cha nel art neuhoilshaghey ec Bretnish.  Ta ymmyd yn art kinjagh gollrish y ymmyd jeh 'sy Ghaelg, goaill stiagh y boggaghys t'eh cur er ennymocklyn bwoirrinagh.  Ta tree cummaghyn ec yn art kinjagh:
 My ta breeockle ec jerrey yn 'ockle roie, vees  ayn.  Ta'n tosheeaght ec y reill shoh harrish ny reillyn elley.  Shen gollrish ymmyd  ’n 'sy Ghaelg.
 Myr sampleyr,  (ta'n kayt çheumooie)
 My ta breeockle ec toshiaght yn 'ockle ny lurg, vees  ayn.  Shen gollrish ymmyd yn 'sy Ghaelg.
 Myr sampleyr,  (y garey)
 Ayns çhymbyllaghtyn elley, ta  ayn.  Shen gollrish ymmyd y 'sy Ghaelg.
 Myr sampleyr, {{lang|cy|y bachgen}} (y garey)

Jalloo-oaylleeaght ny Bretnish

Keintys

Ta daa cheintys ec Bretnish: firrinagh as bwoirrinagh.  

 Ceaghley corocklyn toshee

Myr dagh çhengey Celtiagh jeinagh, ta ceaghlaghyn corockle toshee ec Bretnish.  She obbyraghyn çhengagh adsyn, caghlaa kied corockle 'ockle rere yn çhymbyllaght jalloo-oaylleeagh as co-ordrailagh echey.

Ta tree obbyr ceaghlagh ec Bretnish: boggaghys (Bretnish: ), stronnaghys (Bretnish: ) as ennalaghey (Bretnish: ).  Chammah's shen, ta reill cur stiagh sheean (epenthesis) erreish da shiartanse dy 'ocklyn, as /h/ currit nyn lurg.

{| class="wikitable" cellspacing="7" style="text-align: center;" 
 |+Ceaghlaghyn 'sy Vretnish
 ! colspan ="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Corockle gyn ceaghley
 ! colspan ="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Boggaghys
 ! colspan ="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Stronnaghys
 ! colspan ="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Ennalaghey
 |-
 |-
 |p || ||b || ||mh || ||ph || 
 |-
 |t || ||d ||  ||nh, || ||th || 
 |-
 |c || ||g || ||ngh || ||ch || 
 |-
 |b || ||v || ||v || ||m || 
 |-
 |d, || ||dh || ||n || ||d|| 
 |-
 |g || ||veg || veg ||ng || ||g || 
 |-
 |m || ||f || ||n || ||n || 
 |-
 |ll || ||l* || ||ll || ||ll || 
 |-
 |rh || ||r* || ||rh || ||rh || 
|-
| colspan = "8" | *Cha nel ll as rh caghlaa cho mennick as fir elley.
 |}

Boggaghys ny "treiglad meddal"

Ta boggaghys ny cheaghley feer vennick 'sy Vretnish.  T'ad cur  er.  Cha nel eh slane gollrish boggaghys 'sy Ghaelg.  T'eh taghyrt:

 Erreish da kione y raa
 Myr sampleyr,  (honnick Sioned kayt)
 Ta  ny kione y raa ayns shoh.
 Ayns marenmyn erreish da ennymockle bwoirrinagh unnaneagh
 Myr sampleyr,  (inneen veg)
 Agh  (inneenyn beggey)
 Ayns ennymockle bwoirrinagh erreish da'n art kinjagh
 Myr sampleyr,  >  (keyrrey, y cheyrrey)
 Erreish da'n chooid smoo dy roie-ocklyn unheeleydagh
  >  (boayrd, er boayrd)
  >  (Cayr Deeth, dys Cayr Deeth)
 Erreish da  as  (daa, firrinagh as bwoirrinagh)
 Erreish da ,  as  (shoh, shen as shid)
 Erreish da ny farenmyn shellooagh  (dty), as  firrinagh (e); agh cha nel erreish da  bwoirrinagh
 Erreish da yn tra t'eh ny ayrneen ta kiangley ennymockle as marennym
  >  >  (lioar, lioar mooar, ta'n lioar mooar)
 Erreish da  tra t'eh cowraghey stayd yn ennymockle, gollrish my, dty, ny... 'sy Ghaelg.  Agh ayns y Vretnish, cha nel agh yn un fockle, as ta'n ceaghley taghyrt ayns dagh cooish.
  >  (dooinney aeg, tra v'eh ny ghooinney aeg)
  >  (ben aeg, tra v'ee ny ben aeg)
 Erreish da focklyn cadjin:
 (dy liooar)
 (cho, cha)
 (ny - myr t'eh ayns fer ny ghaa)
 (cre)
 (tra
 (feer)
 (quoi)
 (ro, ro-)
 bwoirrinagh (un)
 Erreish da'n ayrneen  / , as eshyn cowraghey y cummey jarrooagh.
  >  (eeck, deeck mee)
 Son cowraghey tra haghyr red ennagh
  >  (blein, blein er dy henney)
  >  (Jedoonee, as myr sampleyr, t'ee cliaghtey çheet Jedoonee ny haink ee Jedoonee)
 Ayns focklyn covestit
  >  (ard + balley > ard-valley)
 Erreish da meer roie
  >  (obbyr, gyn obbyr)

Anchasley rish y Ghaelg, cha nel ceaghley er lheh erreish da roie-ockle + yn.
  (er y voayrd, firrinagh)
Agh bee fer ayn, foddee, ec focklyn bwoirrinagh, er coontey yn art kinjagh).
  (er y chaair, bwoirrinagh)

Stronnaghys ny "treiglad trwynol"

Ta stronnaghys () ry-akin:

 Erreish da  myr roie-ockle as y keeall ayns echey
  >  (Cayr Deeth, ayns Cayr Deeth)
 Erreish da  ny  (far-ennym shellooagh kied phersoon unnaneagh)
 Myr sampleyr,  >  (ayr, my ayr)

Ennalaghey ny "treiglad llaes"

Ta ennalaghey () ry-akin:

 Erreish da ny farennym shellooagh  bwoirrinagh (e)
  >  (kayt, e kayt)
 Ayns breearyn ayns y chummey obballagh:
  >  (coayl, chaill mee)
 Erreish da  (as)
 Erreish da  as  (marish, lesh)
  >  (kayt, hie mee marish kayt)
 Erreish da  (mysh)
 Erreish da  as  (tree firrinagh, shey)
  >  (moddey, tree moddee)

Cur stiagh /h/

Ta /h/ goll er cur stiagh:

 Erreish da ,  as  (e.2UN.BWO, nyn.1YL as nyn.3YL)

Ceaghley meshtit

Ta'n ceaghley shoh goaill stiagh ennalaghey as boggaghys.  My foddee y fockle jannoo ennalaghey, vees eh; mannagh nod, vees eh jannoo boggaghys.  Ta ceaghley meshtit ry-akin:

 Ayns breearyn ayns y chummey obballagh
  >  (jannoo, cha ren eh)
 agh  > {{lang|cy|E chododd o ddim}} (irree, cha dirree eh)
 ny keayrtyn, ta focklyn as t ny p ec y toshiaght goll er boggaghey ayns glare neuformoil

Marenmyn
Gollrish Gaelg, ta marnemyn çheet ny lurg yn ennymockle son y chooid smoo.  Ta shiartanse jeu goll roish:
  (shenn)
  (dagh)
  (slane)
 
Cha nel aafilley ec marenmyn son y chooid smoo, agh ta cummaghyn firrinagh as bwoirrinagh ec beggan veg jeu: myr sampleyr,  (fir.),  (bwo.) (bane) as  (fir.),  (bwo.) (lajer).
 
Ta cosoylaghey goll er jannoo liorish meeryn jerree, ny liorish focklyn cooney.  Marenmyn un- ny daaheeleydagh, ta meer yerree oc: ,  as .  Ta ny meeryn jerree shoh caghlaa b, d, g ec jerrey yn 'ockle dys dys p, t, c liorish creoiaghey.
  (jiarg)
  >  (ny s'jiargey)
  >  ('''s'jiargey)
  >  (cho jiarg as...)
  (corrym, aalin)
  >  (ny s'aaley)
  >  (s'aaley)
  >  (cho aalin as...)
 
Ny keayrtyn, ta caghlaa ayns cummey varennym son dy hroggal y cummey cosoylaghey:
  >  (keyl)
  >  (cruinn)
  >  (boght)
Gow tastey dy vel niartaghey ec  ta caghlaa /d/ dys /t/, chammah's y caghlaa breeockle.

Marenmyn as ny smoo na daa hillab oc, t'ad jannoo ymmyd jeh  (ny smoo) as  (smoo) myr focklyn coonee.  Adsyn as daa hillab oc, foddee ad jannoo y ghaa.

Cowraghey magh

Jeeagh er #Farenmyn cowraghey magh myrgeddin.

Ta cowraghey magh 'sy Vretnish gollrish y Ghaelg, as ny focklyn coheeynt dy jeeragh:
  (ayns shoh)
  (ayns shen)
  (ayns shid)
Ta cummey elley ec Bretnish: 
 .  Ta'n cummey shoh myr yna, agh t'eh cowraghey red ennagh ta ass shilley.

T'ad goll er cur ny lurg yn ennymockle son dy chowraghey fer er lheh:
  (y lioar shoh)
  (y lioar shen)
  (y lioar shen, ass shilley)
  (y lioar shid)

Son dy ghra dy vel red ennagh ayns boayl ennagh, ny ayns feyshtyn:

 {{lang|cy|dwi'n byw yma}} (ta mee cummal ayns shoh)
  (vel Gwen ayns shen?)
  (ta carrey aym ayns shen)
  (quoi ta gobbraghey ayns shid?)

Agh ta cummey elley son dy chowraghey magh red ennagh da sleih elley, as son dy chur enney da sleih, as d- roish:
  (shoh lioar)
  (shen Iolo)
  (shid kuse jeu)

Farmenmyn

Ta cummaghyn cadjin as trome ec farmenmyn ny Bretnish:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|- style="background: #FFDEAD;"
| colspan="2" |
! style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Cadjin
! style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Trome
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Kied phersoon
| style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Unnaneagh
| 
| 
|-
| style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Yl-rey
| 
| 
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Nah phersoon
| style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Unnaneagh
| 
| 
|-
| style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Yl-rey
| 
| 
|-
! rowspan="3" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Treeoo phersoon
| style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Bwoirrinagh
| 
| 
|-
| style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Firrinagh
| 
| 
|-
| style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Yl-rey
| 
| 
|}

Farenmyn cowraghey magh

Jeeagh er #Cowraghey magh myrgeddin.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|- style="background: #FFDEAD;"
| scope="col" style="background: #FFDEAD;"|
! scope="col" style="background: #FFDEAD;"| Bwoirrinagh
! scope="col" style="background: #FFDEAD;"| Firrinagh
! scope="col" style="background: #FFDEAD;"| Neuloaghtagh
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | shohUN
| 
| 
| 
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | shenUN
| 
| 
| 
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | shohYL
| colspan="2" | 
| rowspan="2" style="background: grey;" | 
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | shenYL
| colspan="2" | 

|}

Breearyn

Ayns Bretnish, ta ymmodee cummaghyn yn-filleydagh ec breearyn son dy chowraghey magh emshiryn.  Ayns lioar-ghlare, t'ad jannoo ymmyd jen ny cummaghyn shoh son y chooid smoo.  Ayns glare cadjin, ta cummaghyn ym-loayrtagh ry-chlashtyn dy mennick, agh ta ny cummaghyn yn-filleydagh ayn chammah, bentyn rish breearyn cadjin er lheh - myr sampleyr,  (goll) as  (geddyn).

Ta kiare emshiryn ym-loayrtagh ec Bretnish myrgeddin, as t'adsyn jannoo ymmyd jeh  (ve).  Jeeagh er #Emshiryn ym-loayrtagh son ymmyd ny h-emshiryn shoh.

Cummaghyn yn-filleydagh

Ta ymmodee cummaghyn yn-filleydagh ec breearyn Bretnish.  Ta'n taabyl shoh taishbyney cummaghyn y vreear  (eeck).

{| class="wikitable"
|- 
| colspan="2" style="background: #FFDEAD;" |
! style="background: #FFDEAD;" scope="col" | Unnaneagh
! style="background: #FFDEAD;" scope="col" | Yl-rey
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Pretereitagh
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Kied phersoon
| 
| 
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Nah phersoon
| 
| 
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Tree phersoon
| 
| 
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Ry-heet
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Kied phersoon
| 
| 
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Nah phersoon
| 
| 
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Treeoo phersoon
| 
| 
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Kianglagh
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Kied phersoon
| 
| 
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Nah phersoon
| 
| 
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Treeoo phersoon
| 
| 
|}

Mychione y pretereitagh:
Ayns shiartanse dy vuill, t'ad cur -s- eddyr y fraue as cummaghyn yl-rey.
Ayns shiartanse dy vuill, ta cumaghyn myr  ayn ayns ynnyd jeh .
Mychione yn emshir ry-heet:
 T'ad jannoo ymmyd jeh  (oo) ayns ynnyd jeh , myr shen , cha nel .
Ayns shiartanse dy vuill 'sy yiass, t'ad jannoo ymmyd jeh'n jerrey  ayns ynnyd jeh  son y treeoo phersoon unnaneagh; myr shen,  ayns ynnyd jeh .
Mychione yn emshir kianglagh:
Ayns shiartanse dy vuill, t'ad cur -s- eddyr y fraue as cummaghyn yl-rey.

Breearyn neureiltagh
Ta shiartanse dy vreearyn cadjin 'sy Vretnish nagh vel jannoo ymmyd jeh ny cummaghyn yn-filleydagh cadjin.  Ta  (ve) as  (fys y ve ayd) neureiltagh dy firrinagh; ny fir elley, ta'n cummaghyn cheddin ec tree jeu, as myr shen, foddee oo gra dy nee keim elley dy vreearyn t'ayn, cha nel breearyn neureiltagh.  Y queigoo vreear,  (goaill), foddee eh jannoo reillyn ny tree elley, agh ayns shiartanse dy vuill, ta cummaghyn er lheh echey.

Bod

Chammah's ny cummaghyn yn-filleydagh t'ec breearyn elley (y pretereitagh, emshir ry-heet as kianglagh), ta cummaghyn yn-filleydagh laaragh as chaie eck, as ymmyd jeant jeh myr breearyn coonee marish breearyn elley.  Chammah's yn-filley son earroo as persoon, ta  (ve) eddyrscarrey jarrooagh, feyshtagh, obballagh.

Ta cummaghyn anchasley rish y cheilley ec y Hwoaie as y Yiass.

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background: #FFDEAD;"
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! colspan="2" scope="col" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Jarrooagh (Ta mee)
! colspan="2" scope="col" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Feyshtagh (Vel mee?)
! colspan="2" scope="col" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Obballagh (Cha nel mee)
|- style="background: #FFDEAD;"
! scope="col" style="background: #FFE4C4;"| Unnaneagh
! scope="col" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Yl-rey
! scope="col" style="background: #FFE4C4;"| Unnaneagh
! scope="col" style="background: #FFE4C4;"| Yl-rey
! scope="col" style="background: #FFE4C4;"| Unnaneagh
! scope="col" style="background: #FFE4C4;"| Yl-rey
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Laaragh
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Kied phersoon
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Nah phersoon
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Treeoo phersoon
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Pretereitagh
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Kied phersoon
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Nah phersoon
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Treeoo phersoon
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Chaie
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Kied phersoon
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Nah phersoon
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4" | Treeoo phersoon
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Ry-heet
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Kied phersoon
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Nah phersoon
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Treeoo phersoon
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Kiang.  (frau )
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Kied phersoon
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Nah phersoon
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Treeoo phersoon
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Kiang.  (fraue )
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Kied phersoon
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Nah phersoon
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #FFE4C4;" | Treeoo phersoon
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
|}

 Ta  goll er cur ny lurg y far-ennym ayns cummaghyn obballagh dy .  T'eh gollrish "cha", agh t'eh ny lurg y far-ennym, ayns ynnyd jeh roie y vreear.
 Myr sampleyr, "", ("cha nel mee goll")
 Shimmey cummey boaylagh t'ayn.

Gwybod

Ta cummaghyn pretereitagh as kianglagh ec  (fys y ve ayd), as ta ymmyd jeant jeu son dy chowraghey emshir laaragh as emshir chaie.  Shoh cummaghyn yn emshir laaragh:

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background: #FFDEAD;"
|
! scope="col" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Unnaneagh
! scope="col" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Yl-rey
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Kied phersoon
| 
| 
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Nah phersoon
| 
| 
|-
! scope="row" style="background: #FFDEAD;" | Treeoo phersoon
| 
| 
|}

Ayns y raa cadjin  (cha s'aym), ta cummey obballagh er lheh jeh'n laaragh kied phersoonagh.

Ennymocklyn

Ta ennymocklyn goll er yn-filley son earroo liorish ymmodee cummaghyn reiltagh, chammah’s fir neureiltagh.  Cha nel ad goll er yn-filley son case.

Ta cummaghyn yl-rey goaill stiagh:

  ny 
  >  (lioar, lioaryn)
  ny 
  >  (fockleyr, fockleyryn)
 
  >  (boayll, buill)
 
  >  (briskee, briskeeyn)
 Coayl  ny  ec jerrey yn 'ockle (hoal noi yn yl-rey Gaelg).  Adsyn as -yn oc, t'ad firrinagh; adsyn as -en oc, t'ad bwoirrinagh.
  >  (crammag, crammagyn)
  >  (rose, roseyn)

Ta cummaghyn yl-rey neureiltagh cadjin goaill stiagh:
  >  (braar, braaraghyn)
  >  (shuyr, shuyraghyn)
  >  (mac, mec)
  >  (braar, braaraghyn)
  >  (cass, cassyn)
  >  (laue, laueyn - rere ny focklyn, daa laue'')

Co-ordail

Imraaghyn

Chengoaylleeaght
Vretnish