Juys (Pinus)
{{Ymmydynelley|billey 'sy ghenus '''Pinus'''|Juys}}

{{Kishtey fys baagh
| daah = #90EE90
| ennym = Juys, Pine
| jalloo = Pinus pinaster.jpg
| lheead_jalloo = 250px
| fo-heidyl_jalloo = Juys mooiragh (''Pinus pinaster'')
| reeriaght = [[Lus|Plantae]]
| rheynn = [[Pinophyta]]
| rang = [[Pinopsida]]
| oardagh = [[Pinales]]
| kynney = [[Pinaceae]]
| genus = '''''Pinus'''''
| imraa_genus = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]]
| rankyn_aarheynn = [[Fo-ghenus|Fo-ghenera]]
| aarheynn = 
* Fo-ghenus ''[[Rang-oardraghey Pinus|Strobus]]''
* Fo-ghenus ''[[Rang-oardraghey Pinus|Ducampopinus]]''
* Fo-ghenus ''[[Rang-oardraghey Pinus|Pinus]]''
}}

She biljyn [[bearkanagh]] 'sy ghenus '''''Pinus''''' ad '''Juys''' ny '''Pine'''.  T'ad jannoo seose fo-chynney '''Pinoideae''' 'sy chynney [[Pinaceae]].  Ta mys 115 dooieyn ayn, agh ta'n earroo jeeragh croghey er quoi t'ou feysht.  

== Rheam ==
[[Coadan:umbrella.pine.in.rome.arp.jpg|thumb|left|[[Juys millish]] ''Pinus pinea'' ayns raad ny [[Yn Raue|Raue]]]]

Ta juyssyn dooghyssagh da cooid smoo ny [[Lieh-chruinney Hwoaie]].  'syn [[yn Aishey|Aishey]] as [[yn Europey]], t'ad ry-akin eddyr [[ny h-Ellanyn Canaaaragh]] as [[Nalbin]] 'sy çheear dys [[yn Roosh]] as [[ny h-Ellanyn Philippeenagh]] 'sy çhiar.  Ta [[juys Albinagh]] cummal dys 70°N ayns [[Norlynn]], [[Soolynn]] as [[Finnlynn]], as [[juys beg Shibbeyragh]] 'syn [[yn Çhibbeyr|Çhibbeyr]].  'syn [[yn Affrick|Affrick]], ta fer jeu, [[Juys Sumatragh]], cummal eer fo'n [[yn Meanchiarkyl]] dys 2°S.  'syn [[America Hwoaie]], t'ad ry-akin eddyr 66°N 'syn [[yn Chanadey|Chanadey]] dys 12°N 'syn [[yn Nickeraag|Nickeraag]] ([[Juys Caribagh]]).  Ta'n neuchaslid smoo eddyr oc ry-akin ayns [[Meksico]] as [[California]].

T'ad er nyn gur stiagh ayns ardjyn tempreilagh ny [[Lieh-chruinney jiass]], myr bun fuygh.  T'ad ry-akin 'syn [[yn Çhillee|Çhillee]], [[yn Vrasseel]], [[yn Austrail]] as [[yn Teelan Noa]].

== Jalloo-oaylleeaght ==
She biljyn sheer-ghlass [[rosin]]agh ad juyssyn, eddyr 3m as 80 m er yrjid, agh ta'n chooid smoo jeu eddyr 15m as 45m. She [[Juys beg Shibbeyragh]] as [[Potosi Pinyon]] ny fir sloo, as she [[juys shugyr]] eh y fir smoo.  T'ad beayn, as bea 100–1,000 blein oc dy cadjin.  She ''[[Pinus longaeva]]'' eh y juys s'odjey beayn, as ta fer jeu mysh 4,800 blein d'eash, mastey [[rolley bioagyn foddey beayn|bioagyn shinney ny theihill]]. 

Ta [[roost]] çhiu as scaaillagh ec y chooid smoo dy yuysyn, agh ta roost lhiannagagh as keyl ec kuse jeu.  Ta ny banglaneyn gaase magh ayns caslee ghlooey, agh t'eh jeeaghyn gollrish fainney dy vanglaneyn ta gaase ass yn ynnyd cheddin.  Ta'n aase caslagh dy vanglaneyn, jialgyn as crottylyn er ny reaghey rere corrillee [[earroo Fibonacci]].

=== Duillagys ===
[[Coadan:Pinus pinea foliage.jpg|thumb|left|Duillagys aegey (toshtal) as aasit (jesh) [[Juys millish]] (''Pinus pinea''), as duillagyn crottylagh dhoney dorraghey as duillagyn jialgey er-akin er sthole aasit.]]
Ta kiare sorçhyn dy ghuillag ec juyssyn:

* ''Duillag resh'' ([[cotyledon]]) er sheelag, ayns fainney dy 4-24.

* ''Duillag aeg'', ta gaase çhelleeragh nyn yei er sheelagyn as juyssyn aegey.  T'ad 2-6 kentimeader er lhiurid, nyn lomarcan, glassey, as er nyn reaghey myr caslagh er y sthole.  T'ad goll er cur magh rish shey meeghyn dys queig bleeantyn.

* ''Duillag scaaillagh'', ny guillag beg, dhone nagh vel [[co-haaghey sollysh]], as caslagh myr ny duillagyn aegey.

* ''Jialg'', y duillag aasit.  T'ad geayney as [[co-haaghey sollysh]].  T'ad er nyn reaghey ayns dhossan dy 1-6 jialgyn er nyn gur magh ass buinney beg er duillag scaaillagh.  T'ad farraghtyn rish 1-40 bleeantyn, as shen croghey er y dooie.  

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===Cones===
[[Image:Loblolly Pine.jpg|left|thumb|[[Loblolly Pine]] (''Pinus taeda''): male cones]]
[[Image:Pine cone edit.jpg|right|thumb|A fully mature [[Monterey Pine]] cone on the forest floor.]]
Pines are mostly [[Plant sexuality|monoecious]], having the male and female [[Conifer cone|cones]] on the same tree, though a few species are [[Plant sexuality|sub-dioecious]] with individuals predominantly, but not wholly, single-sex. The male cones are small, typically 1-5 cm long, and only present for a short period (usually in spring, though autumn in a few pines), falling as soon as they have shed their [[pollen]]. The female cones take 1.5-3 years (depending on species) to mature after [[pollination]], with actual fertilization delayed one year. At maturity the female cones are 3-60 cm long. Each cone has numerous spirally arranged scales, with two seeds on each fertile scale; the scales at the base and tip of the cone are small and sterile, without seeds. The seeds are mostly small and winged, and are anemophilous (wind-dispersed), but some are larger and have only a vestigial wing, and are [[bird]]-dispersed (see below). At maturity, the cones usually open to release the seeds, but in some of the bird-dispersed species (e.g. [[Whitebark Pine]]), the seeds are only released by the bird breaking the cones open. In others, the ''fire climax pines'' (e.g. [[Monterey Pine]], [[Pond Pine]]), the seeds are stored in closed ("serotinous") cones for many years until a forest fire kills the parent tree; the cones are also opened by the heat and the stored seeds are then released in huge numbers to re-populate the burnt ground.<br clear=all>

==Classification==
Pines are divided into two subgenera, based on cone, seed and leaf characters:
* Subgenus ''[[Pinus classification|Strobus]]'' (white or soft pines with pinyon, lacebark and bristlecone pines). Also including pines which were classified in the ducampopinus subgenus. Cone scale without a sealing band. Umbo terminal or dorsal. Seedwings adnate or articulate. One fibrovascular bundle per leaf.
* Subgenus ''[[Pinus classification|Pinus]]'' (yellow or hard pines). Cone scale with a sealing band. Umbo dorsal. Seedwings articulate. Two fibrovascular bundles per leaf.

==Ecology==
[[Image:Dead pines.jpg|thumb|left|[[Mountain pine beetle]]s killed these [[Lodgepole Pine]]s in [[Prince George, British Columbia]].]]
Pines grow well in acid [[soil]]s, some also on [[Calcareous|calcareous]] soils; most require good soil drainage, preferring sandy soils, but a few, e.g. [[Lodgepole Pine]], will tolerate poorly drained wet soils. A few are able to sprout after forest fires, e.g. [[Canary Island Pine]]. Some species of pines, e.g. [[Bishop Pine]], need fire to regenerate and their populations slowly decline under fire suppression regimes. Several species are adapted to extreme conditions imposed by elevation and latitude; see e.g. [[Siberian Dwarf Pine]], [[Mountain Pine]], [[Whitebark Pine]] and the [[bristlecone pine]]s. The [[pinyon pine]]s and a number of others, notably [[Turkish Pine]] and the [[Gray Pine]], are particularly well adapted to growth in hot, dry [[desert|semi-desert]] climates.

The [[seed]]s are commonly eaten by [[bird]]s and [[squirrel]]s. Some birds, notably the [[Spotted Nutcracker]], [[Clark's Nutcracker]] and [[Pinyon Jay]], are of importance in distributing pine seeds to new areas. Pine needles are sometimes eaten by some [[Lepidoptera]] ([[butterfly]] and [[moth]]) species (see [[list of Lepidoptera that feed on pines]]), the [[Symphyta]]n species [[Pine sawfly]], and [[goat]]s.{{-}}

==Uses==
[[Image:Young pine trees.jpg|thumb|Commercial planting of young Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris)]]
Pines are among the most commercially important of tree species, valued for their [[timber]] and [[wood pulp]] throughout the world.  In temperate and tropical regions, they are fast-growing [[softwood]]s that will grow in relatively dense stands, their acidic decaying needles inhibiting the sprouting of competing hardwoods.  Commercial pines are grown in [[plantation]]s for timber that is denser, more resinous, and therefore more durable than [[spruce]] (''Picea'').  Pine wood is widely used in high-value carpentry items such as furniture, window frames, paneling, floors and roofing, and the [[resin]] of some species is an important source of [[turpentine]]. 

Many pine species make attractive ornamental plantings for [[park]]s and larger [[garden]]s, with a variety of dwarf [[cultivar]]s being suitable for smaller spaces. Pines are also commercially grown and harvested for [[Christmas tree]]s.  Pine cones, the largest and most durable of all [[conifer cone]]s are craft favorites.  Pine boughs, always appreciated, especially in wintertime for their pleasant smell and greenery, are popularly cut for decorations.  A number of species are attacked by nematodes, causing pine [[wilt disease]], which can kill some quickly. Pine needles serve as food for various [[Lepidoptera]]. See [[List of Lepidoptera which feed on Pines]].

Because pines have no insect or decay resistant qualities after logging, they are generally recommended for construction purposes as indoor use only (ex. indoor drywall framing). This wood left outside can not be expected to last more than 12-18 months depending on the type of climate it is exposed to.  It is commonly referred to as several different names  which include North American timber, SPF (spruce, pine, fir) and whitewood.

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=== Ymmyd myr bee ===
[[Coadan:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1987-0217-003, Finsterwalde, Zapfenernte.jpg|thumb|Bearkan juys]]

Ta [[rass]]yn mooarey ec kuse dy ghooie, as sleih çhaglym ad dy ee.  Ta roost sthie bog bane yn-ee ec juyssyn, as ram [[biomane A]] as [[biomance C|C]] ayn.  Foddee oo eshyn y ee aw, ny beihll eh dys poodyr er son dy chlannaghey broie, awree as nyn lheid, myr sampleyr, ayns ''{{lang|fi|[[pettuleipä]]}}'' (arran roost) [[Finnlynn]]agh.  'syn [[yn Toolynn|Toolynn]], t'ad jannoo [[tey]] (''{{lang|sv|tallstrunt}}'') ass jialgyn aegey.

{{bun}}

== Imraaghyn ==
{{rolleyimraaghyn}}

== Ny smoo fys ==
{{Commons|Pinus}}
{{Imraaghyntoshiaght}}
* Farjon, A. 1984, 2nd edition 2005. ''Pines''. E. J. Brill, Leiden. ISBN 90-04-13916-8
* Little, E. L., Jr., and Critchfield, W. B. 1969. ''Subdivisions of the Genus Pinus (Pines)''. US Department of Agriculture Misc. Publ. 1144 (Superintendent of Documents Number: A 1.38:1144).
* Richardson, D. M. (re.). 1998. ''Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-55176-5
* Mirov, N. T. 1967. ''The Genus Pinus''. Ronald Press, New York (ass clou).
* [http://www.pinetum.org/Lovett/classification.htm Classification of pines]
* [http://www.conifers.org/pi/pin/index.htm Gymnosperm Database - Pinus]
{{Imraaghynjerrey}}

[[Ronney:Pinus]]
[[Ronney:Biljyn]]
She biljyn bearkanagh 'sy ghenus Pinus ad Juys ny Pine.  T'ad jannoo seose fo-chynney Pinoideae 'sy chynney Pinaceae.  Ta mys 115 dooieyn ayn, agh ta'n earroo jeeragh croghey er quoi t'ou feysht.  

 Rheam 
thumb|left|Juys millish Pinus pinea ayns raad ny Raue

Ta juyssyn dooghyssagh da cooid smoo ny Lieh-chruinney Hwoaie.  'syn Aishey as yn Europey, t'ad ry-akin eddyr ny h-Ellanyn Canaaaragh as Nalbin 'sy çheear dys yn Roosh as ny h-Ellanyn Philippeenagh 'sy çhiar.  Ta juys Albinagh cummal dys 70°N ayns Norlynn, Soolynn as Finnlynn, as juys beg Shibbeyragh 'syn Çhibbeyr.  'syn Affrick, ta fer jeu, Juys Sumatragh, cummal eer fo'n yn Meanchiarkyl dys 2°S.  'syn America Hwoaie, t'ad ry-akin eddyr 66°N 'syn Chanadey dys 12°N 'syn Nickeraag (Juys Caribagh).  Ta'n neuchaslid smoo eddyr oc ry-akin ayns Meksico as California.

T'ad er nyn gur stiagh ayns ardjyn tempreilagh ny Lieh-chruinney jiass, myr bun fuygh.  T'ad ry-akin 'syn Çhillee, yn Vrasseel, yn Austrail as yn Teelan Noa.

 Jalloo-oaylleeaght 
She biljyn sheer-ghlass rosinagh ad juyssyn, eddyr 3m as 80 m er yrjid, agh ta'n chooid smoo jeu eddyr 15m as 45m. She Juys beg Shibbeyragh as Potosi Pinyon ny fir sloo, as she juys shugyr eh y fir smoo.  T'ad beayn, as bea 100–1,000 blein oc dy cadjin.  She Pinus longaeva eh y juys s'odjey beayn, as ta fer jeu mysh 4,800 blein d'eash, mastey bioagyn shinney ny theihill. 

Ta roost çhiu as scaaillagh ec y chooid smoo dy yuysyn, agh ta roost lhiannagagh as keyl ec kuse jeu.  Ta ny banglaneyn gaase magh ayns caslee ghlooey, agh t'eh jeeaghyn gollrish fainney dy vanglaneyn ta gaase ass yn ynnyd cheddin.  Ta'n aase caslagh dy vanglaneyn, jialgyn as crottylyn er ny reaghey rere corrillee earroo Fibonacci.

 Duillagys 
thumb|left|Duillagys aegey (toshtal) as aasit (jesh) Juys millish (Pinus pinea), as duillagyn crottylagh dhoney dorraghey as duillagyn jialgey er-akin er sthole aasit.
Ta kiare sorçhyn dy ghuillag ec juyssyn:

 Duillag resh (cotyledon) er sheelag, ayns fainney dy 4-24.

 Duillag aeg, ta gaase çhelleeragh nyn yei er sheelagyn as juyssyn aegey.  T'ad 2-6 kentimeader er lhiurid, nyn lomarcan, glassey, as er nyn reaghey myr caslagh er y sthole.  T'ad goll er cur magh rish shey meeghyn dys queig bleeantyn.

 Duillag scaaillagh, ny guillag beg, dhone nagh vel co-haaghey sollysh, as caslagh myr ny duillagyn aegey.

 Jialg, y duillag aasit.  T'ad geayney as co-haaghey sollysh.  T'ad er nyn reaghey ayns dhossan dy 1-6 jialgyn er nyn gur magh ass buinney beg er duillag scaaillagh.  T'ad farraghtyn rish 1-40 bleeantyn, as shen croghey er y dooie.  

 Ymmyd myr bee 
thumb|Bearkan juys

Ta rassyn mooarey ec kuse dy ghooie, as sleih çhaglym ad dy ee.  Ta roost sthie bog bane yn-ee ec juyssyn, as ram biomane A as C ayn.  Foddee oo eshyn y ee aw, ny beihll eh dys poodyr er son dy chlannaghey broie, awree as nyn lheid, myr sampleyr, ayns  (arran roost) Finnlynnagh.  'syn Toolynn, t'ad jannoo tey () ass jialgyn aegey.

 Imraaghyn 

 Ny smoo fys 

 Farjon, A. 1984, 2nd edition 2005. Pines. E. J. Brill, Leiden. ISBN 90-04-13916-8
 Little, E. L., Jr., and Critchfield, W. B. 1969. Subdivisions of the Genus Pinus (Pines). US Department of Agriculture Misc. Publ. 1144 (Superintendent of Documents Number: A 1.38:1144).
 Richardson, D. M. (re.). 1998. Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-55176-5
 Mirov, N. T. 1967. The Genus Pinus. Ronald Press, New York (ass clou).
 Classification of pines
 Gymnosperm Database - Pinus

Ronney:Pinus
Ronney:Biljyn