Aane ushtey
{{Kishtey fys baagh
| daah = #90EE90
| ennym = Aane ushtey, lus ny haane
| jalloo = Moos 5774.jpg
| lheead_jalloo = 250px
| fo-heidyl_jalloo= ''Marchantia polymorpha'', ny aane ushtey cadjin
| reeriaght = [[Lus|Plantae]]
| rheynn = '''[[Marchantiophyta]]'''
| imraa_rheynn = Stotler & Stotl.-Crand., 1977<ref name="Stotlers 1977">{{cite journal | last = Stotler | first = Raymond E. | coauthors = Barbara J. Candall-Stotler | year = 1977 | title = A checklist of the liverworts and hornworts of North America | journal = The Bryologist | volume=80 | pages=405–428 | doi = 10.2307/3242017 }}</ref> emend. 2000<ref name="Stotlers 2000">Crandall-Stotler, Barbara. & Stotler, Raymond E. "Morphology and classification of the Marchantiophyta". page 21 ''in'' A. Jonathan Shaw & Bernard Goffinet (Eds.), ''Bryophyte Biology''. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press:2000). ISBN 0-521-66097-1.</ref>
| rankyn_aarheynn = Rangyn as oardaghyn
| aarheynn = 
'''[[Haplomitriopsida]]''' <small>Stotler & Stotl.-Crand.</small>
* [[Haplomitriales]] (Calobryales)
* [[Treubiales]]
'''[[Jungermanniopsida]]''' <small>Stotler & Stotl.-Crand.</small>
* [[Metzgeriales]]
* [[Jungermanniales]]
'''[[Marchantiopsida]]''' <small>Stotler & Stotl.-Crand.</small>
* [[Blasiales]]
* [[Sphaerocarpales]]
* [[Marchantiales]]
}}

She rheynn dy lossreeyn [[Bryophyta|bryophytagh]] (neuchuishlagh) eh '''Marchantiophyta''', as t'ad cur '''aane ushtey''' ny '''lus ny haane''' er ny lossreeyn hene.  Myr aght cadjin ny Bryophyta, ta corys bea [[gametophyte]]-hrome oc, choud's nagh vel agh un 'oirran dy [[kroymasoom|chroymasoomyn]] oc.

T'ad ry-akin er feie ny cruinney ayns dagh çhymbyllaght, bunneys.  Bare lhieu ardjyn tash, agh ta dooieyn arctagh as faasagh ayns myrgeddin.  Ta kuse jeu nyn sarkylyn ayns garaghyn as thieyn glonney.<ref>{{enmyslioar
  | screeudeyr = Schuster, Rudolf M. 
  | ennym = The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America
  | ym-lioar = VI 
  | duillag = 19
  | boayl = Chicago
  | soilsheyder = Field Museum of Natural History
  | blein = 1992
  | isbn = 0-914-86821-7
}}</ref>  T'ad beg, agh foddee kuse dy ghooie skeaylley harrish eaghtyr mooar.  

== Jalloo-oaylleeaght ==
T'ad beg son y chooid smoo, eddyr 2-20mm er lheead as ny sloo na 10 kentimeader er lhiurid.  Ta daa horçh jeu: aaneyn ushtey [[thallus|thallussagh]], as aaneyn ushtey duillagagh.  Ta aaneyn ushtey thallussagh jeant seose jeh gish lheaney rybbanagh banglaneagh.  Ta aaneyn ushtey duillagagh jeant seose jeh gish lheaney as duillagyn ny crottylyn orroo nyn lhie harrish y cheilley ayns tree keimyn ny ny sloo.  Ta'n keim meanagh anchasley rish ny fir elley.<ref>{{enmyslioar
  | screeudeyr = Kashyap, Shiv Ram
  | ennym = Liverworts of the Western Himalayas and the Panjab Plain
  | ym-lioar = I
  | duillag = 1
  | boayl = New Delhi
  | soilsheyder = The Chronica Botanica
  | blein = 1929
}}</ref><ref name="Schofield 1985">{{enmyslioar 
  | screeudeyr = Schofield, W. B
  | ennym = Introduction to Bryology
  | duillag = 135-140
  | boayl = New York
  | soilsheyder = Macmillan
  | blein = 1985
  | isbn = 0-02-949660-8
}}</ref>

=== Corys bea ===
[[Coadan:Liverwort life cycle.jpg|thumb|300px|Corys bea aane ushtey cadjin]]

Ta aane ushtey goaill toshiaght myr [[sporrag]] [[haploid]].  T'eh foghaney as jannoo [[protonema]]: foddee eshyn ve dhossan dy snaueyn ny thallus lhean.<ref>{{enmyslioar
  | screeudeyr = Nehira, Kunito
  | cabdil = Spore Germination, Protonemata Development and Sporeling Development
  | duillag = 358-374 
  | reagheyder = Rudolf M. Schuster (re.)
  | ennym = New Manual of Bryology
  | ym-lioar = I 
  | boayl = Nichinan, Miyazaki, [[yn Çhapaan]]
  | soilsheyder = The Hattori Botanical Laboratory
  | blain = 1983
  | isbn = 4-938163-3045
  | çhengey = Baarle
}}</ref><ref>{{enmyslioar 
  | screeudeyr = Chopra, R. N. 
  | coscreeudeyryn = P. K. Kumra
  | ennym = Biology of Bryophytes
  | duillag = 1-38
  | boayl = New York
  | soilsheyder = John Wiley & Sons
  | blein = 1988
  | isbn = 0-470-21359-0
  | çhengey = Baarle
}}</ref> She eash neuveayn eh y protonema.  T'eh caghlaa dys [[gemetophore]] (''jeantagh [[gamete|ghameteyn]]'') ta cur magh comyssyn.  T'ad cur [[antheridium]] er comys firrinagh ta jannoo killagyn sheel.  Ta dhossanyn dy antheridia boallit ec '''[[perigonium]]''', ny vrat dy chillagyn.  T'ad cur [[archegonium]] er comys bwoirrinagh, as '''[[perichaetum]]''' mygeayrt-y-mooee.<ref name="Schofield 1985" />  Ta feddan keyl myr mwannal da'n archegonium, as ta sheelyn snaue ny 'heese er son dy roshtyn yn [[ooh]].  

Shegin da'n çheel snaue veih ny antheridia da archegonium.  Ta daa [[flagellum|'lagellum]] as t'ad snaue lhieu.<ref name="Campbell 1918">{{enmyslioar
  | kiangley = http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25364#7 
  | screeudeyr = Campbell, Douglas H
  | ennym = The Structure and Development of Mosses and Ferns
  | duillag = 73-74
  | boayl = London
  | soilsheyder = The Macmillan Co.
  | blein = 1918
  | çhengey = Baarle</ref> Ta feme oc er ushtey dy snaue ayn, lhig da ve fliaghey ny brat dy ushtey er ny lossreeyn; gyn ushtey, cha nod ad jannoo y turrys.

Ta'n sheel torraghey yn ooh, as t'eh gaase dys [[sporophyte]] [[diploid]].  Ny yei shen, ta tree fo-rheynnyn bishaghey er y sporophyre neuappee:
* '''cass''' ta kiangley y sporophyte as gymmyrkey beaghey jeh'n "moir-lus"
* '''kishtey''' eelipsagh ny cruinn, raad ta sporragyn jeant er son scaalheaney
* '''gass''' eddyr oc
Traa ta'n tree er mishaghey, ta'n gass lhiuraghey lesh brishey magh yn archegonium as gaase magh ass.  Ta'n cass ny hoie sthie y moie-lus, agh ta'n kishtey goll er ymmyrkey magh 'syn [[aer]].  Ta killagyn ny kishtey rheynn ad hene as jannoo [[killag immanagh|killagyn immanagh]] as killagyn sporragagh.  S'arraghoil ad ny killaghyn immanagh, as t'ad seiy magh boalley y chishtey.  Ta ny killagyn sporragagh jannoo [[meiosis]] as rheynn ayns [[sporrag|sporragyn]] [[haploid]] er son dy skeaylley magh, as myr shen, ta'n corys goaill toshiaght ass y noa.

==Imraaghyn==
{{rolleyimraaghyn}}

{{bun}}

[[Ronney:Blaanid ny h-Oarpey]]
[[Ronney:Marchantiophyta]]
She rheynn dy lossreeyn bryophytagh (neuchuishlagh) eh Marchantiophyta, as t'ad cur aane ushtey ny lus ny haane er ny lossreeyn hene.  Myr aght cadjin ny Bryophyta, ta corys bea gametophyte-hrome oc, choud's nagh vel agh un 'oirran dy chroymasoomyn oc.

T'ad ry-akin er feie ny cruinney ayns dagh çhymbyllaght, bunneys.  Bare lhieu ardjyn tash, agh ta dooieyn arctagh as faasagh ayns myrgeddin.  Ta kuse jeu nyn sarkylyn ayns garaghyn as thieyn glonney.  T'ad beg, agh foddee kuse dy ghooie skeaylley harrish eaghtyr mooar.  

 Jalloo-oaylleeaght 
T'ad beg son y chooid smoo, eddyr 2-20mm er lheead as ny sloo na 10 kentimeader er lhiurid.  Ta daa horçh jeu: aaneyn ushtey thallussagh, as aaneyn ushtey duillagagh.  Ta aaneyn ushtey thallussagh jeant seose jeh gish lheaney rybbanagh banglaneagh.  Ta aaneyn ushtey duillagagh jeant seose jeh gish lheaney as duillagyn ny crottylyn orroo nyn lhie harrish y cheilley ayns tree keimyn ny ny sloo.  Ta'n keim meanagh anchasley rish ny fir elley.

 Corys bea 
thumb|300px|Corys bea aane ushtey cadjin

Ta aane ushtey goaill toshiaght myr sporrag haploid.  T'eh foghaney as jannoo protonema: foddee eshyn ve dhossan dy snaueyn ny thallus lhean. She eash neuveayn eh y protonema.  T'eh caghlaa dys gemetophore (jeantagh ghameteyn) ta cur magh comyssyn.  T'ad cur antheridium er comys firrinagh ta jannoo killagyn sheel.  Ta dhossanyn dy antheridia boallit ec perigonium, ny vrat dy chillagyn.  T'ad cur archegonium er comys bwoirrinagh, as perichaetum mygeayrt-y-mooee.  Ta feddan keyl myr mwannal da'n archegonium, as ta sheelyn snaue ny 'heese er son dy roshtyn yn ooh.  

Shegin da'n çheel snaue veih ny antheridia da archegonium.  Ta daa 'lagellum as t'ad snaue lhieu.{{enmyslioar
  | kiangley = http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25364#7 
  | screeudeyr = Campbell, Douglas H
  | ennym = The Structure and Development of Mosses and Ferns
  | duillag = 73-74
  | boayl = London
  | soilsheyder = The Macmillan Co.
  | blein = 1918
  | çhengey = Baarle Ta feme oc er ushtey dy snaue ayn, lhig da ve fliaghey ny brat dy ushtey er ny lossreeyn; gyn ushtey, cha nod ad jannoo y turrys.

Ta'n sheel torraghey yn ooh, as t'eh gaase dys sporophyte diploid.  Ny yei shen, ta tree fo-rheynnyn bishaghey er y sporophyre neuappee:
 cass ta kiangley y sporophyte as gymmyrkey beaghey jeh'n "moir-lus"
 kishtey eelipsagh ny cruinn, raad ta sporragyn jeant er son scaalheaney
 gass eddyr oc
Traa ta'n tree er mishaghey, ta'n gass lhiuraghey lesh brishey magh yn archegonium as gaase magh ass.  Ta'n cass ny hoie sthie y moie-lus, agh ta'n kishtey goll er ymmyrkey magh 'syn aer.  Ta killagyn ny kishtey rheynn ad hene as jannoo killagyn immanagh as killagyn sporragagh.  S'arraghoil ad ny killaghyn immanagh, as t'ad seiy magh boalley y chishtey.  Ta ny killagyn sporragagh jannoo meiosis as rheynn ayns sporragyn haploid er son dy skeaylley magh, as myr shen, ta'n corys goaill toshiaght ass y noa.

Imraaghyn

Ronney:Blaanid ny h-Oarpey
Ronney:Marchantiophyta