Nieu-nearag
[[Coadan:Cyanobacterial Scum.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Ta nieu-nearag ec ymmodee bioagyn, myr sampleyr [[cyanobacteria]].<ref>{{enmysearishlioar
  | screeudeyr = Sivonen K
  | blein = 1999
  | kiangley = http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=ENV&recid=4665026&q=sources+neurotoxin|neurotoxins+cyanobacteria&uid=791111978&setcookie=yes
  | ennym = Toxins produced by cyanobacteria
  | earishlioar = Vesitalous
  | ym-lioar = 5
  | duillag = 11–18
  | çhengey = Baarle
}}</ref>]]

She stoo kemmigagh ta bentyn rish [[nearag]]yn eh '''nieu-nearag'''.  T'eh goaill stiagh stooghyn [[giennaghtyn çheumooie|giennit çheumooie]], chammah's stooghyn [[giennaghtyn çheusthie|giennit çheusthie]] ta jannoo assee er co-chruinnaghey ard ass neuoayllagh.<ref name=Olney2002>{{enmysearishlioar
  | screeudeyr = Olney, John W.
  | blein = 2002
  | ennym = New Insights and New Issues in Developmental Neurotoxicology
  | earishlioar = NeuroToxicology
  | ym-lioar = 23
  | earroo = 6
  | duillag = 659–68
  | çhengey = Baarle
}}</ref><ref name=Spencer2000>
{{enmyslioar
  | reagheyder = Spencer PS, Schaumburg HH, Ludolph AC 
  | blein = 2000
  | ennym = Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology
  | soilsheyder = Oxford University Press
  | boayl = Aah yn Ollee
  | duillag = 1310
  | çhengey = Baarle
}}</ref>  T'ad jannoo assee da nearagyn ta gaase, ny ta nearagyn aasnit, ny da'n jees oc.  

Ga dy vel ad jannoo assee, t'ad ymmydoil er son ronsaghey er [[corys nearag|coryssyn nearag]], myr sampleyr, dys feddyn magh obbyr nearag ny olt nearag er lheh.<ref name=Kiernan2005>{{enmysearishlioar
  | screeudeyr = Kiernan, Matthew C.
  | coscreeudeyryn = Geoffrey K. Isbister, Cindy S.-Y. Lin, David Burke, & Hugh Bostock
  | blein = 2005
  | ennym = Acute Tetrodotoxin-induced Neurotoxicity after Ingestion of Puffer Fish
  | earishlioar = Annals of Neurology
  | ym-lioar = 57
  | earroo = 3
  | duillagyn = 339–48
  | çhengey = Baarle
}}</ref> T'ad goaill stiagh [[leoaie]],<ref>{{enmysearishlioar
  | screeudeyr = Lidsky, Theodore I
  | blein = 2003
  | ennym = Lead Neurotoxicity in Children: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Correlates
  | earishlioar = Brain
  | kiangley = http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/126/1/5.full
  | ym-lioar = 126
  | earroo = 1
  | duillagyn = 5-19
  | çhengey = Baarle
}}</ref> [[ethanol]],<ref name=Heaton2000>{{enmysearishlioar
  | screeudeyr = Marieta Barrow Heaton
  | coscreeuderyn = J. Jean Mitchell & Michael Paiva
  | blein = 2000
  | ennym = Amelioration of Ethanol-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Neonatal Rat Central Nervous System by Antioxidant Therapy
  | earishlioar = Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
  | ym-lioar = 24
  | earroo = 4
  | duillag = 512–18
  | çhengey = Baarle
}}</ref> [[glutamate]],<ref name=Choi1987>{{enmysearishlioar
  | screeudeyr = Choi, D 
  | blein = 1988
  | ennym = Calcium-mediated Neurotoxicity: Relationship to Specific Channel Types and Role in Ischemic Damage
  | earishlioar = Trends in Neurosciences
  | ym-lioar = 11
  | earroo = 10
  | duillagyn = 465–69
  | çhengey = Baarle
}}</ref> [[ocsaid neetaragh]],<ref name=Zhang1994>{{enmysearishlioar
  | screeudeyr = Zhang, J.
  | coscreeuderyn = V. Dawson, T. Dawson & S. Snyder 
  | blein = 1994
  | ennym = Nitric Oxide Activation of Poly(ADP-ribose) Synthetase in Neurotoxicity
  | earishlioar = Science
  | ym-lioar = 263
  | earroo = 5147
  | duillagyn = 687–89
  | çhengey = Baarle
}}</ref> [[nieu botulinum]] ([[pyshoonys pronnag]]),<ref name=Rosales1996>{{enmysearishlioar
  | screeudeyr = Rosales, Raymond L.
  | coscreeudeyryn = Kimiyoshi Arimura, Satoshi Takenaga, & Mitsuhiro Osame
  | blein = 1996
  | ennym = Extrafusal and Intrafusal Muscle Effects in Experimental Botulinum Toxin-A Injection
  | earishlioar = Muscle & Nerve
  | ym-lioar = 19
  | earroo = 4
  | duillagyn = 488–96
  | çhengey = Baarle
}}</ref> [[nieu tetanus]] ([[glassey keeilley]]),<ref name=Simpson1986>{{enmysearishlioar
  | screeudeyr = Simpson, L. L. 
  | blein = 1986
  | ennym = Molecular Pharmacology of Botulinum Toxin and Tetanus Toxin
  | earishlioar = Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
  | ym-lioar = 26
  | earroo = 1
  | duillagyn = 427–53
  | çhengey = Baarle
}}</ref> as [[tetrodotoxin]].<ref name=Kiernan2005 />

==Imraaghyn==
{{rolleyimraaghyn|2}}
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* Stanfield, Peter R (1983) "Tetraethylammonium Ions and the Potassium Permeability of Excitable Cells." ''Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry & Pharmacology,'' '''97''': 1–49.
* {{cite journal | author = Stewart I, Seawright AA, Shaw GR | year = 2008 | title = Cyanobacterial poisoning in livestock, wild mammals and birds&nbsp;– an overview | url = http://www.epa.gov/cyano_habs_symposium/monograph/Ch28.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms: State of the Science and Research Needs | volume = 619 | issue = | pages = 613–637 | doi = 10.1007/978-0-387-75865-7_28 | series = Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology | isbn = 978-0-387-75864-0 }}
* Taffe, M. A., R. W. Kotzebue, R. D. Crean, E. F. Crawford, S. Edwards, and C. D. Mandyam (2010) "From the Cover: Long-lasting Reduction in Hippocampal Neurogenesis by Alcohol Consumption in Adolescent Nonhuman Primates." ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,'' '''107''' (24): 11104–1109.
* Takadera, Tsuneo, Risa Suzuki, and Tetsuro Mohri (1990 "Protection by Ethanol of Cortical Neurons from N-methyl-d-aspartate-induced Neurotoxicity Is Associated with Blocking Calcium Influx." ''Brain Research,'' '''537'''(1–2): 109–14.
* Thyagarajan, B., N. Krivitskaya, J. G. Potian, K. Hognason, C. C. Garcia, and J. J. McArdle (2009) "Capsaicin Protects Mouse Neuromuscular Junctions from the Neuroparalytic Effects of Botulinum Neurotoxin A." ''Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics,'' '''331''' (2): 361–71.
* Tymianski, Michael, Milton P. Charlton, Peter L. Carlen, and Charles H. Tator (2003) "Source Specificity of Early Calcium Neurotoxicity in Cultured Embryonic Spinal Neurons." ''The Journal of Neuroscience,'' '''13''' (5): 2095–104.
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* {{cite journal | author = Wood S. A., Rasmussen J. P., Holland P. T., Campbell R., Crowe A. L. M. | year = 2007 | title = First Report of the Cyanotoxin Anatoxin-A from Aphanizomenon issatschenkoi (cyanobacteria) | journal = Journal of Phycology | volume = 43 | issue = 2| pages = 356–365 | doi = 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00318.x }}
* Yamada, Kiyofumi, Tomoko Tanaka, Daiken Han, Kouji Senzaki, Tsutomu Kameyama, and Toshitaka Nabeshima (1999) "Protective Effects of Idebenone and α-tocopherol on β-amyloid-(1–42)-induced Learning and Memory Deficits in Rats: Implication of Oxidative Stress in β-amyloid-induced Neurotoxicity In vivo." ''European Journal of Neuroscience,'' '''11''' (1): 83–90.
* Yan, Shi Du, Xi Chen, Jin Fu, Ming Chen, Huaijie Zhu, Alex Roher, Timothy Slattery, Lei Zhao, Mariko Nagashima, John Morser, Antonio Migheli, Peter Nawroth, David Stern, and Ann Marie Schmidt (1996) "RAGE and Amyloid-β Peptide Neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's Disease." ''Nature,'' '''382''' (6593): 685–91.
* Yang, X (2007) [http://books.google.co.nz/books?id=9RNpEXya6MwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Occurrence+of+the+cyanobacterial+neurotoxin,+anatoxin-a&hl=en&ei=GEvpTtyUF6akiAf32cXbCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Occurrence%20of%20the%20cyanobacterial%20neurotoxin%2C%20anatoxin-a&f=false Occurrence of the cyanobacterial neurotoxin, anatoxin-a, in New York State waters''] ProQuest. ISBN 978-0-549-35451-2.
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==Kianglaghyn çheumooie==
{{Commonscat|Neurotoxins|Nieu nearag}}
*[http://www.epa.gov/ Environmental Protection Agency] - Environmental Protection Agency ny Steatyn Unnaneysit
*[http://www.neurotoxininstitute.com/ Neurotoxin Institute]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131023072809/http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Neurotoxins Neurotoxins] ec Toxipedia (Kicklipaid Tomaineyn)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120131032408/http://www.sfn.org/skins/main/pdf/brainfacts/2008/brain_facts.pdf Brain Facts Book (pdf)] ec The Society for Neuroscience
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160214021422/http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/ Neuroscience Texts] ec University of Texas Medical School
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK5283/ Biology of the NMDA Receptor] ec NCBI
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53356/ Advances in the Neuroscience of Addiction, 2nd edition] ec NCBI

[[Ronney:Oaylleeaght nearag]]
[[Ronney:Nieu-nearag| ]]
[[Ronney:Proteenyn far-chrackan ymmyllagh]]
She stoo kemmigagh ta bentyn rish nearagyn eh nieu-nearag.  T'eh goaill stiagh stooghyn giennit çheumooie, chammah's stooghyn giennit çheusthie ta jannoo assee er co-chruinnaghey ard ass neuoayllagh.  T'ad jannoo assee da nearagyn ta gaase, ny ta nearagyn aasnit, ny da'n jees oc.  

Ga dy vel ad jannoo assee, t'ad ymmydoil er son ronsaghey er coryssyn nearag, myr sampleyr, dys feddyn magh obbyr nearag ny olt nearag er lheh. T'ad goaill stiagh leoaie, ethanol, glutamate, ocsaid neetaragh, nieu botulinum (pyshoonys pronnag), nieu tetanus (glassey keeilley), as tetrodotoxin.

Imraaghyn

Kianglaghyn çheumooie

Environmental Protection Agency - Environmental Protection Agency ny Steatyn Unnaneysit
Neurotoxin Institute
Neurotoxins ec Toxipedia (Kicklipaid Tomaineyn)
Brain Facts Book (pdf) ec The Society for Neuroscience
Neuroscience Texts ec University of Texas Medical School
Biology of the NMDA Receptor ec NCBI
Advances in the Neuroscience of Addiction, 2nd edition ec NCBI

Ronney:Oaylleeaght nearag
 
Ronney:Proteenyn far-chrackan ymmyllagh