Nama (çhengey)
{{Kishtey fys çhengey
|ennym=Nama
|ennymdooghyssagh=''Khoekhoegowab''
|daah kynney=Khoisan
|çheeraghyn=[[Yn Nameeb]], [[Yn Votswaan]], [[Yn Affrick Yiass]]
|ard=[[Yn Awin Orange]], [[Yn Mooarheer Nama]]
|loayreyderyn=250,000<br /></small>Yn Nameeb: mygeayrt 176,000 (1998)<br />as 16,000 [[Haiǁom (çhengey)|Haiǁom]] (1995)<br />Yn Votswaan: 1,500 (2002)<br />Yn Affrick Yiass: 56,000 (1989)</small>
|fam1=Kwadi-Khoe
|fam2=[[Çhengaghyn Khoe|Khoe]]
|fam3=Khoekhoe
|fam4=Khoekhoe Hwoaie
|ashoon= Çhengey ashoonagh ny [[Yn Nameeb|Nameeb]]
|jantys=''gyn stiureyder oikoil''
|iso1=''gyn coad''
|iso2=khi
|lc1=hgm|ld1=Haiǁom
|lc2=kqz|ld2=Korana
|lc3=naq|ld3=Nama (çhengey){{!}}Nama
|lc4=xii|ld4=Xiri
|caslys-çheer=[[Coadan:Nama-Damara taalkaartje NL.png|center|250px]]<center><small>Ardjyn as Nama goll er loayrt ayndaue
}}
Ta '''Nama''', enmyssit Khoekhoe ny Khoekhoegowab myrgeddin, (shenn-ennym '''Hottentot''') ny [[Çhengaghyn Khoisan|çhengey Khoisan]] smoo scanshoil as pobbylagh. T'ee ny oltey jeh'n [[Kynney çhengey|chynney çhengey]] [[Çhengaghyn Khoe|Khoe]], as t'ee loayrit ayns [[Yn Nameeb|y Nameeb]], [[Yn Votswaan|y Votswaan]] as [[yn Affrick Yiass]] lesh ny [[Namaqua]], [[Damara (kynney)|Damara]] as ny [[Haiǁom]]. T'eh ''Khoekhoen'' ennym loayreyder ny çhengey, ass eh goit magh ass aachoipal as y meer yerree ''-n'' dy yannoo taishbynys dy vel eh n'ockle ylrey. Rere [[Ethnologue]] va ny smoo na 250,000 loayreyderyn ayns ny 1990yn.

Ta Nama ny çhengey ashoonagh ayns y Nameeb. Ta claareyn radio soilshit magh ayns y Nameeb as yn Affrick Yiass ass Nama.

== Rheynn çheeroaylleeagh ==
Ta 250,000 loayreyderyn ayns y Nameeb, yn Affrick Yiass as y Votswaan.

=== Abbyrtyn ===
* [[Damara (kynney)|Damara]]
* [[Damara Sesfontein]]
* [[Namidama]]
* [[Damara Veanagh]]
* Nama (kiart)
* [[Nama Gimsbok]]
* [[Haiǁom çhengey|Haiǁom]]

== Sheeanchoryssaghtys ==
=== Breeocklyn ===
Ta 5 foaynooee breeocklagh ta ry-gheddyn myr focklagh /i e a o u/ as [[Breeockle stronnagh|stronnagh]] /ĩ ã ũ/. Foddee orroo ve giare ny foddey, as ta shiartanse oardee ny daaghooaghtyn: focklagh [əi ae əu ao ui oa oe] as stronnagh [ə͠ı ə͠u u͠ı o͠a]. (ta [ə] sheeaney myr /a/.)

=== Toanyn ===
Ta tree toanyn 'sy çhengey, /á, ā, à/ as foddee orroo dy ve er breeocklyn as er stadyn stronnagh. Cha nel y toan meanagh screeuit.

=== Corocklyn ===
Ta 31 chorockle: 20 smaghyn as giare-phossan neu-smaghyn.
==== Neu-smaghyn ====
{| class=wikitable
! || [[Corockle meillagh|Meillagh]] || [[Corockle cooyl-eeacklagh|Cooyl-eeacklagh]] || [[Corockle coghooysagh|Coghooysagh]] || [[Corockle sluggidagh|Sluggidagh]]
|-align=center
! [[Corockle stronnagh|Stroanney]] 
| {{IPA|m}} || {{IPA|n}} || {{IPA|}} || {{IPA|}} 
|-align=center
! [[Corockle bleaystagh|Bleaystagh]] 
| {{IPA|p}} ~ {{IPA|β}} || {{IPA|t}} ~ {{IPA|ɾ}} || {{IPA|k kʰ}} || {{IPA|ʔ}}
|-align=center
! [[Corockle screebagh|Screebagh]] 
| || {{IPA|s}} || {{IPA|x}} || {{IPA|h}} 
|}
Eddyr breeocklyn, ta {{IPA|/p/}} focklit magh myr {{IPA|[β]}} as ta {{IPA|/t/}} focklit magh myr {{IPA|[ɾ]}}.

==== Smaghyn ====
Ta ny smaghyn nyn gorocklyn t'oltit daa cheayrt. Ta kiare focklaghyn toshee ny "lhieenaghyn" as queig fo-ocklaghyn ny "deayrtaghyn" lesh dagh smagh. Ta 20 sheeanyn lesh cochiangle ny lhieenaghyn as ny deayrtaghyn.

Dy mennick ta ny smaghyn boggit focklit magh myr affricaidyn. T'eh shen, foddee er /kǃˣ/ dy ve focklit magh myr [kǃʰ] dys [kǃx].

T'eh doccar cur cleaysh er ny co-immeeaghtyn stronnagh neughooagh tra nagh vel ad eddyr breeocklyn, as myr shen, foddee dy vel eh focklit magh myr lhieggan scoarnagh y cho-immeeaght boggit da cleayshyn neughooghyssagh.

{| class=wikitable
! rowspan=2| co-immeeaght !! colspan=2 | smaghyn affricaidagh !! colspan=2 | smaghyn 'geyre' !! rowspan=2 | cairscreeu <br />cadjinit<br />(lesh {{Unicode|"ǃ"}})
|-class=small
! [[smagh feeacklagh|smaghyn<br />feeacklagh]] !! [[smagh lhiattagh cooyl-eeacklagh|smaghyn<br />lhiattagh]] !! [[smagh lurg-chooyl-eeacklagh|smaghyn<br />cooyleeacklagh]] !! [[smagh cleaoil|smaghyn<br />cleaoil]] 
|-
! [[Corockle tenuis|Tenuis]] 
| {{IPA|kǀ}} || {{IPA|kǁ}} || {{IPA|kǃ}} || {{IPA|kǂ}} || {{Unicode|<ǃg>}}
|-
! [[boggaghys (sheeanaghtys)|Boggaghys]] 
| {{IPA|kǀˣ}} || {{IPA|kǁˣ}} || {{IPA|kǃˣ}} || {{IPA|kǂˣ}} || {{Unicode|<ǃkh>}}
|-
! [[corockle stronnagh|Stroanney]] 
| {{IPA|ŋǀ}} || {{IPA|ŋǁ}} || {{IPA|ŋǃ}} || {{IPA|ŋǂ}} || {{Unicode|<ǃn>}}
|-
! Stronnagh neughooagh lesh<br />boggaghys moal-obbragh
| {{IPA|ŋ̊ǀʰ}} || {{IPA|ŋ̊ǁʰ}} || {{IPA|ŋ̊ǃʰ}} || {{IPA|ŋ̊ǂʰ}} || {{Unicode|<ǃh>}}
|-
! Tenuis lesh stad sluggidagh
| {{IPA|kǀʔ}} || {{IPA|kǁʔ}} || {{IPA|kǃʔ}} || {{IPA|kǂʔ}} || {{Unicode|<ǃ>}}
|}

== Lhaih neesht ==
<div class="references-small">
* Beach, Douglas M. 1938. The phonetics of the Hottentot language. Cambridge: Heffer.
* Haacke, Wilfrid. 1976. A Nama grammar: the noun-phrase. MA thesis. University of Cape Town.
* Haacke, Wilfrid H. G. 1977. The so-called "personal pronoun" in Nama. In Traill, Anthony, ed., Khoisan linguistic studies 3, 43-62. Communications 6. Johannesburg: African Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand.
* Haacke, Wilfrid. 1978. Subject deposition in Nama. MA thesis. University of Essex. Colchester (UK).
* Haacke, Wilfrid. 1992. Compound noun phrases in Nama. In Derek F. Gowlett, ed., African linguistic contributions (Festschrift Ernst Westphal), 189-194. Pretoria: Via Afrika.
* Haacke, Wilfrid. 1992. Dislocated noun phrases in Khoekhoe (Nama/Damara): further evidence for the sentential hypothesis. Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere, 29, 149-162.
* Haacke, Wilfrid. 1995. Instances of incorporation and compounding in Khoekhoegowab (Nama/Damara). In Anthony Traill, Rainer Vossen and Marguerite Anne Megan Biesele, eds., The complete linguist: papers in memory of Patrick J. Dickens, 339-361. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. 
* Haacke, Wilfrid, Eliphas Eiseb and Levi Namaseb. 1997. Internal and external relations of Khoekhoe dialects: a preliminary survey. In Wilfrid Haacke & Edward D. Elderkin, eds., Namibian languages: reports and papers, 125-209. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag for the University of Namibia. 
* Haacke, Wilfrid. 1999. The tonology of Khoekhoe (Nama/Damara). Quellen zur Khoisan-Forschung/Research in Khoisan studies, Bd 16. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. 
* Haacke, Wilfrid H.G. & Eiseb, Eliphas (2002) ''A Khoekhoegowab dictionary with an English-Khoekhoegowab index''. Windhoek : Gamsberg Macmillan. ISBN 99916-0-401-4
* Hagman, Roy S. 1977. Nama Hottentot grammar. Language science monographs, v 15. Bloomington: Indiana University.
* Hahn, Theophilus. 1870. Die Sprache der Nama, nebst einem Anhang enthaltend Sprachproben aus dem Munde des Volkes. Redigierte Ausgabe eine Dissertation mit einem Anhang über Mythen der Khoi-khoin nebst Übersetzung und Wörterverzeichnis. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth.
</div>

== Kianglaghyn çheumooie ==
* [http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/ling700/nama.htm Grammadeys Nama as skeeal ec Cornell]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080507233225/http://www.rosettaproject.org/archive/naq Oayllys fo'n çhengey Nama ass Rosetta Project]
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=naq Coontys fo'n çhengey Nama ec Ethnologue]
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=hgm Coontys fo'n çhengey {{Unicode|Haiǁʼom}} ec Ethnologue]

[[Ronney:Çhengaghyn Khoisan]]
[[Ronney:Çhengaghyn y Nameeb]]
[[Ronney:Çhengaghyn y Votswaan]]
[[Ronney:Çhengaghyn yn Affrick Yiass]]
Ta Nama, enmyssit Khoekhoe ny Khoekhoegowab myrgeddin, (shenn-ennym Hottentot) ny çhengey Khoisan smoo scanshoil as pobbylagh. T'ee ny oltey jeh'n chynney çhengey Khoe, as t'ee loayrit ayns y Nameeb, y Votswaan as yn Affrick Yiass lesh ny Namaqua, Damara as ny Haiǁom. T'eh Khoekhoen ennym loayreyder ny çhengey, ass eh goit magh ass aachoipal as y meer yerree -n dy yannoo taishbynys dy vel eh n'ockle ylrey. Rere Ethnologue va ny smoo na 250,000 loayreyderyn ayns ny 1990yn.

Ta Nama ny çhengey ashoonagh ayns y Nameeb. Ta claareyn radio soilshit magh ayns y Nameeb as yn Affrick Yiass ass Nama.

 Rheynn çheeroaylleeagh 
Ta 250,000 loayreyderyn ayns y Nameeb, yn Affrick Yiass as y Votswaan.

 Abbyrtyn 
 Damara
 Damara Sesfontein
 Namidama
 Damara Veanagh
 Nama (kiart)
 Nama Gimsbok
 Haiǁom

 Sheeanchoryssaghtys 
 Breeocklyn 
Ta 5 foaynooee breeocklagh ta ry-gheddyn myr focklagh /i e a o u/ as stronnagh /ĩ ã ũ/. Foddee orroo ve giare ny foddey, as ta shiartanse oardee ny daaghooaghtyn: focklagh [əi ae əu ao ui oa oe] as stronnagh [ə͠ı ə͠u u͠ı o͠a]. (ta [ə] sheeaney myr /a/.)

 Toanyn 
Ta tree toanyn 'sy çhengey, /á, ā, à/ as foddee orroo dy ve er breeocklyn as er stadyn stronnagh. Cha nel y toan meanagh screeuit.

 Corocklyn 
Ta 31 chorockle: 20 smaghyn as giare-phossan neu-smaghyn.
 Neu-smaghyn 
  Meillagh  Cooyl-eeacklagh  Coghooysagh  Sluggidagh Stroanney          Bleaystagh   ~    ~      Screebagh        
Eddyr breeocklyn, ta  focklit magh myr  as ta  focklit magh myr .

 Smaghyn 
Ta ny smaghyn nyn gorocklyn t'oltit daa cheayrt. Ta kiare focklaghyn toshee ny "lhieenaghyn" as queig fo-ocklaghyn ny "deayrtaghyn" lesh dagh smagh. Ta 20 sheeanyn lesh cochiangle ny lhieenaghyn as ny deayrtaghyn.

Dy mennick ta ny smaghyn boggit focklit magh myr affricaidyn. T'eh shen, foddee er /kǃˣ/ dy ve focklit magh myr [kǃʰ] dys [kǃx].

T'eh doccar cur cleaysh er ny co-immeeaghtyn stronnagh neughooagh tra nagh vel ad eddyr breeocklyn, as myr shen, foddee dy vel eh focklit magh myr lhieggan scoarnagh y cho-immeeaght boggit da cleayshyn neughooghyssagh.

 co-immeeaght  smaghyn affricaidagh  smaghyn 'geyre'  cairscreeu cadjinit(lesh ) smaghynfeeacklagh  smaghynlhiattagh  smaghyncooyleeacklagh  smaghyncleaoil  Tenuis           Boggaghys           Stroanney           Stronnagh neughooagh leshboggaghys moal-obbragh          Tenuis lesh stad sluggidagh         

 Lhaih neesht 
 Beach, Douglas M. 1938. The phonetics of the Hottentot language. Cambridge: Heffer.
 Haacke, Wilfrid. 1976. A Nama grammar: the noun-phrase. MA thesis. University of Cape Town.
 Haacke, Wilfrid H. G. 1977. The so-called "personal pronoun" in Nama. In Traill, Anthony, ed., Khoisan linguistic studies 3, 43-62. Communications 6. Johannesburg: African Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand.
 Haacke, Wilfrid. 1978. Subject deposition in Nama. MA thesis. University of Essex. Colchester (UK).
 Haacke, Wilfrid. 1992. Compound noun phrases in Nama. In Derek F. Gowlett, ed., African linguistic contributions (Festschrift Ernst Westphal), 189-194. Pretoria: Via Afrika.
 Haacke, Wilfrid. 1992. Dislocated noun phrases in Khoekhoe (Nama/Damara): further evidence for the sentential hypothesis. Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere, 29, 149-162.
 Haacke, Wilfrid. 1995. Instances of incorporation and compounding in Khoekhoegowab (Nama/Damara). In Anthony Traill, Rainer Vossen and Marguerite Anne Megan Biesele, eds., The complete linguist: papers in memory of Patrick J. Dickens, 339-361. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. 
 Haacke, Wilfrid, Eliphas Eiseb and Levi Namaseb. 1997. Internal and external relations of Khoekhoe dialects: a preliminary survey. In Wilfrid Haacke & Edward D. Elderkin, eds., Namibian languages: reports and papers, 125-209. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag for the University of Namibia. 
 Haacke, Wilfrid. 1999. The tonology of Khoekhoe (Nama/Damara). Quellen zur Khoisan-Forschung/Research in Khoisan studies, Bd 16. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. 
 Haacke, Wilfrid H.G. & Eiseb, Eliphas (2002) A Khoekhoegowab dictionary with an English-Khoekhoegowab index. Windhoek : Gamsberg Macmillan. ISBN 99916-0-401-4
 Hagman, Roy S. 1977. Nama Hottentot grammar. Language science monographs, v 15. Bloomington: Indiana University.
 Hahn, Theophilus. 1870. Die Sprache der Nama, nebst einem Anhang enthaltend Sprachproben aus dem Munde des Volkes. Redigierte Ausgabe eine Dissertation mit einem Anhang über Mythen der Khoi-khoin nebst Übersetzung und Wörterverzeichnis. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth.

 Kianglaghyn çheumooie 
 Grammadeys Nama as skeeal ec Cornell
 Oayllys fo'n çhengey Nama ass Rosetta Project
 Coontys fo'n çhengey Nama ec Ethnologue
 Coontys fo'n çhengey  ec Ethnologue

Ronney:Çhengaghyn Khoisan
Ronney:Çhengaghyn y Nameeb
Ronney:Çhengaghyn y Votswaan
Ronney:Çhengaghyn yn Affrick Yiass