Çhengoaylleeaght ny Gaelgey
She çhengey [[Çhengaghyn ellanagh Celtiagh|Ellanagh]] [[Çhengaghyn Gaelgagh|Ghaelgagh]] [[Çhengaghyn Celtiagh|Cheltiagh]] y [[Gaelg|Ghaelg Vanninagh]], as oltey jeh’n chynney çhengey [[Indo-Oarpagh]].  Daase ee ass yn [[Shenn Yernish|Çhenn Yernish]] as y [[Yernish Veanagh]].  Ga dy vel anchaslyssyn eddyr ny cairscreeuyn jeu, ta’n Ghaelg Vanninagh so-hoiggal ec Gaelgeyryn elley.  Va [[Ned Maddrell]] cummal seose y çhengey echey trooid loayrt rish Gaelgeyryn Yernagh as Albinagh er ny baatyn.<ref>
{{enmyseddyrvoggyl
|blein=6 Mean Fouyir, 1993
|ennym = 'The Death of Manx' from newspaper clipping 1950s
|kiangley=https://listserv.heanet.ie/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind9309&L=GAELIC-L&P=R634
|datefeddyn=2008-07-06}}
</ref>Ta faggys-mooinjerys eddyr Gaelg, [[Yernish]] as [[Gaelg Albinagh]] foast, agh ta troyn er lheh eck chammah.  Ta daa abbyrt ec Gaelg: Gaelg Hwoaie as Gaelg Yiass.<ref>Broderick 1984-86, 1:xxvii-xxviii, 160</ref>

==Aase ny Gaelgey==

Ren [[Shenn Yernish]] rheynn as gaase dys ny çhengaghyn Gaelgagh t'ayn nish: [[Yernish]], [[Gaelg]] as [[Gaelg Albinagh]].  Myr shen, haghyr shiartanse dy chaghlaaghyn bentyn rish sheeanaghtys, jalloo-oaylleeaght as fockle-hasht yn Çhenn Yernish son dy yannoo y Ghaelg Vanninagh t'ayn nish.

===Jerraghyn focklyn===

<center>
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="4" align=center style="background-color:#FFDEAD;"| '''Caghlaaghyn bentyn rish jerraghyn focklyn'''
|- align=center
! style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Shenn Yernish / <br> Yernish Veanagh
! style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Yernish jeinagh
! style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Gaelg Albinagh
! style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Gaelg
|- align=center
|{{IPA|[-əvʲ]}}
|&nbsp;
|&nbsp;
|{{IPA|[-əw]}}
|- align=center
|{{IPA|[-əj]}}
|&nbsp;
|&nbsp;
|{{IPA|[-iː]}}
|- align=center
|{{IPA|[-əð]}}
|{{IPA|[-ə]}} (ayns ennymocklyn) <br>
{{IPA|[-əx]}} (ayns breearyn)
|&nbsp;
|{{IPA|[-ə]}} (ayns ennymocklyn) <br>
{{IPA|[-əx]}} (ayns breearyn)
|-
|}
</center>

Kyndagh rish y chovestey sheeanyn cleaoilagh, raad va {{IPA|[əvʲ]}} jerrey-fockle gyn trimmid (''-(a)ibh'', ''-(a)imh'' rere lettraghey Yernish as Albinagh), ta shen er govestey marish {{IPA|[əw]}} (''-(e)amh'') 'sy Ghaelg, as shen screeut myr "-oo" ny "-u(e)".  Myr sampleyr, ''shassoo'' (Yernish {{lang|ga|''seasamh''}}), ''credjue'' (Yernish {{lang|ga|''creideamh''}}), ''nealloo'' (Yernish Yeianagh Leah {{lang|ga|''(i) néalaibh''}}, ''ayns bodjallyn''), as ''erriu'' (Yernish {{lang|ga|''oraibh''}})<ref>O'Rahilly 1932, 77-82; Broderick 1984-86, 2:152</ref>.

Raad va {{IPA|[əj]}} gyn trimmid er jerrey 'ockle 'sy Yernish Veanagh (''-(a)idh'' as ''-(a)igh''), ta shen er ny gaghlaa dys {{IPA|[iː]}} 'sy Ghaelg.  T'eh goll er screeu myr "-ee", myr sampleyr, ''kionnee'' (Yernish {{lang|ga|''ceannaigh''}}) as ''cullee'' (Gaelg Albinish {{lang|gd|''culaidh''}})<ref>O'Rahilly 1932, 57</ref>.  Ta shen gollrish abbyrtyn twoaiey Yernish, chammah's abbyrtyn jiassey Albinagh.

Raad va {{IPA|[əð]}} ry-akin ayns Yernish Veanagh (''-(e)adh''), haink daa chummey Gaelg ass.  
# Ayns ennymocklyn, haink {{IPA|[ə]}} assyn, gollrish Yernish jiass, as kuse dy abbyrtyn ny Gaelgey Albinagh as Yernish heear.  Myr sampleyr, ''caggey'' {{IPA|['kaːɣə]}}, ''moylley'' {{IPA|[ˈmɔlə]}}; cf. Yernish {{lang|ga|''cogadh''}} as {{lang|ga|''moladh''}}, er nyn vockley magh myr {{IPA|[ˈkɔɡə]}} as {{IPA|[ˈmˠɔl̪ˠə]}} ayns Yernish heear ny jiass<ref>O'Rahilly 1932, 68; Broderick 1984-86, 2:56, 308</ref>.
# Ayns cummaghyn [[breear çheorit|breearyn çheorit]] roish ennymockyn (agh cha nel roish farenmyn), haink {{IPA|[əð]}} y ve {{IPA|[əx]}} ‘sy Ghaelg chammah’s Yernish jiass.  Myr sampleyr, ''voyllagh'' {{IPA|[ˈvɔləx]}} ; cf. Yernish {{lang|ga|''mholfadh''}}, {{IPA|[ˈvˠɔl̪ˠhəx]}}<ref>O'Rahilly 1932, 75</ref>.

===Arraghey corocklyn===
Ta kuse dy chorocklyn ny Gaelgey er gaghlaa ass ny cummaghyn v'oc 'sy Çhenn Yernish. 

==== Jannoo {{IPA|/kr gr mr tr/}} jeh {{IPA|/kn gn mn tn/}}====
Gollrish abbyrtyn twoaie Yernish, as ymmodee abbyrtyn ny Gaelgey Albinagh, ta ny shenn jeesyn Gaelgagh {{IPA|/kn gn mn tn/}} er jeet dy ve {{IPA|/kr gr mr tr/}} ‘sy Ghaelg.  Myr sampleyr, cosoylaghey Yernish Veanagh {{lang|mga|''cnáid''}} as {{lang|mga|''mná''}} rish ''craid'' as ''mraane'' ‘sy Ghaelg.<ref>O'Rahilly 1932, 22</ref> 

==== Jannoo {{IPA|[tʃ dʒ]}} jeh {{IPA|[tʲ dʲ]}} ====
Ta Gaelg, chammah's Yernish hwoaie as Gaelg Albinagh, er nyannoo [[affricaid|affricaidyn]] {{IPA|[tʃ]}} as {{IPA|[dʒ]}} jeh [[stad feeacklagh|staddyn feeacklagh]] [[cleaoilaghey|cleaoilit]] {{IPA|[tʲ]}} as {{IPA|[dʲ]}} ny Shenn Yernish.<ref>O'Rahilly 1932, 203</ref>

===Cleaoilaghey===
Gollrish Gaelg Albinagh, cha nel [[cleaoilaghey neuchosoylagh]] ec [[corockle daa-veillagh|corocklyn daa-veillagh]] Gaelg.  Ayns y Yernish, ta ny [[corockle coghooysagh|corocklyn coghooysagh]] {{gynfilley|{{IPA|/pˠ bˠ fˠ w mˠ/}}}}neuchosoylagh rish {{gynfilley|{{IPA|/pʲ bʲ fʲ vʲ mʲ/}}}}'sy chorys [[sheeanchoryssaghtys|sheeancoryssagh]].  Agh Gaelg as Gaelg Albinagh, cha nel agh {{IPA|/p b f v m/}} oc<ref>Jackson 1955, 66. Ta Jackson gra dy vel Yernish hwoaie er goayl y tro shoh chammah, agh s'cosoylagh dy nee marrantys t'echey.  T'ad gra dy cohassooagh dy vel yn anchaslys shoh ec Yernish [[Countee Vay Eo|Vay Eo]] as ec Yernish [[Ullee]] chammah (cf. Mhac an Fhailigh 1968, 27; Hughes 1994, 621; jeeagh er Ó Baoill 1978, 87 chammah)</ref>.

===Coayl {{IPA|[vʲ]}} fockle-meanagh===
Gollrish [[Yernish y Vooan]], raad va {{IPA|[vʲ]}} ec mean ny jerrey ‘ockle traa dy row (as shen screeut myr ''bh'' ny ''mh'' ‘sy lettraghey Yernish), ta shen er coayl ec Gaelg.  Ny keayrtyn ta ny breeocklyn oc er [[liuraghey cooilleenee|jeet dy ve ny s’liurey]]; ny keayrtyn elley, ta’n fockle er jeant '''u''' jeh’n chorockle, as haink shen dy ve ny [[daaghooaght]].
Myr sampleyr:
Ta ''geurey'' Gaelg {{IPA|[ˈɡʲeurə], [ɡʲuːrə]}} corrym rish {{lang|ga|''geimhreadh''}} ‘sy Yernish ({{IPA|[ˈɟiːɾˠə]}} rere fockley magh jiass), as ta ''sleityn'' corrym rish {{lang|ga|''sléibhte''}} {{IPA|[ˈʃlʲeːtʲə]}} rere fockley magh jiass).<ref>O'Rahilly 1932, 24; Broderick 1984-86 3:80-83; Ó Sé 2000:15, 120</ref>
 
== Sheeanchoryssaghtys ny Gaelgey==
==Jalloo-oaylleeaght ny Gaelgey==
Ta daa cheintys ec y Ghaelg: firrinagh as bwoirrinagh.  Ta ennymocklyn goll er yn-filley son earroo (liorish '''-yn''' myr meer yerree, son y chooid smoo).  Cha nel ad goll er yn-filley son case, er lhimmey jeh possan beg as shenn chummey gienneydagh baghtal oc.

Ta breearyn jannoo cummaghyn liorish [[ym-loayrtys]] chammah as [[yn-filley]].

== Ceaghley corocklyn toshee==
[[Coadan:Douglas Isle of Man welcome sign.jpg|thumb|Ayns ram boaylyn, myr sampleyr [[Doolish]], ta fograghyn failt daahengagh. Cur tashtey ayns shoh da'n cheaghley corockle ''Doolish'' da ''Ghoolish''.]]

Myr dagh çhengey Cheltiagh jeinagh, ta [[ceaghley corockle toshee|ceaghlaghyn corockyn toshee]] ec y Ghaelg.  She obbyraghyn çhengoaylleeagh t'ayn.  T'ad caghlaa kied chorockle 'ockle rere yn çhymbyllaght [[jalloo-oaylleeaght|jalloo-oaylleeagh]] as [[co-ordrail|co-ordrailagh]] echey<ref>Broderick 1984–86, 1:7–21; 1993, 236–39; Thomson 1992, 132–35</ref>.

Ta daa obbyr ceaghlagh ec y Ghaelg: [[boggaghys]] as [[stronnaghys]].

Ayns Gaelg yn [[20oo eash]], va'n corys foudaghey (cadjin ayns cooishyn [[baase çhengey]]), as nagh row ram Gaelgeyr jannoo ymmyd jeh ceaghlaghyn rere ny shenn reillyn.  Nish ta ynsaghey oikoil ayn, as Gaelgeyr dooghyssagh, as lhisin shen cooney beaynaghey yn çhengey.

<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
 |+'''Ceaghlaghyn 'sy Ghaelg'''<ref>Rere Stowell (1998) as Kewley Draskau (2008)</ref>
 ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Corockle gyn ceaghley
 ! colspan ="3" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Boggaghys
 ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Stronnaghys
 |-
 ! style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Kied cheim
 ! style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Nah cheim
 ! style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Treeoo cheim
 |-
 |'''p''' {{ASE|/p/}}||'''ph''' {{ASE|/f/}}||'''ph''' {{ASE|/f/}}||'''ph''' {{ASE|/f/}}||'''b''' {{ASE|/b/}}
 |-
 |'''t''', '''th''' {{ASE|/t/}}||'''h''' {{ASE|/h/}} ||'''t''', '''th''' {{ASE|/t/}}||'''t''', '''th''' {{ASE|/t/}}||'''d''' {{ASE|/d/}}
 |-
 |'''çh''' {{ASE|/tʃ/}}||'''h''' {{ASE|/h/}}||'''çh''' {{ASE|/tʃ/}}||'''çh''' {{ASE|/tʃ/}}||'''j''' {{ASE|/dʒ/}}
 |-
 |'''c''', '''k''' ''keyl'' {{ASE|/kʲ/}}||'''ch''' {{ASE|/ç/}}||'''ch''' {{ASE|/ç/}}||'''ch''' {{ASE|/ç/}}||'''g''' {{ASE|/gʲ/}}
 |-
 |'''c''', '''k''' ''lheean'' {{ASE|/k/}}||'''ch''' {{ASE|/x/}}||'''ch''' {{ASE|/x/}}||'''ch''' {{ASE|/x/}}||'''g''' {{ASE|/g/}}
 |-
 |'''b''' {{ASE|/b/}}||'''v''' {{ASE|/v/, /w/}}||'''v''' {{ASE|/v/, /w/}}||'''v''' {{ASE|/v/, /w/}}||'''m''' {{ASE|/m/}}
 |-
 |'''bw''', '''boo''' {{ASE|/bw/}}||'''w''' {{ASE|/w/}}||'''w''' {{ASE|/w/}}||'''w''' {{ASE|/w/}}||'''mw''' {{ASE|/mw/}}
 |-
 |'''d''', '''dh''' {{ASE|/d/}}||'''gh''' {{ASE|/ɣ/}}||'''d''' {{ASE|/d/}}||'''d''' {{ASE|/d/}}||'''n'''{{ASE|/n/}}
 |-
 |'''j''' {{ASE|/dʒ/}}||'''y''' {{ASE|/j/}}||'''j''' {{ASE|/dʒ/}}||'''j''' {{ASE|/dʒ/}}||'''n'y''' {{ASE|/nʲ/}}
 |-
 |'''g''' ''keyl'' {{ASE|/gʲ/}}||'''y''', '''gh''' {{ASE|/j/}}||'''y''', '''gh''' {{ASE|/j/}}||'''y''', '''gh''' {{ASE|/j/}}||'''ng''' {{ASE|/ŋʲ/}}
 |-
 |'''g''' ''lheean'' {{ASE|/g/}}||'''gh''' {{ASE|/ɣ/}}||'''gh''' {{ASE|/ɣ/}}||'''gh''' {{ASE|/ɣ/}}||'''ng''' {{ASE|/ŋ/}}
 |-
 |'''f''' {{ASE|/f/}}|| (dollit) || (dollit) || (dollit) ||'''v''' {{ASE|/v/}}
 |-
 |'''s''' {{ASE|/s/}}||'''h''' {{ASE|/h/}}|| '''t'''{{ASE|/t/}}||'''s''' {{ASE|/s/}}||'''s''' {{ASE|/s/}}
 |-
 |'''str''' {{ASE|/st/}}||'''tr''' {{ASE|/tr/}}||'''tr''' {{ASE|/tr/}}||'''str''' {{ASE|/str/}}||'''str''' {{ASE|/str/}}
 |-
 |'''sl''' {{ASE|/sl/}}||'''l''' {{ASE|/l/}}||'''cl''' {{ASE|/kl/}} ||'''sl''' {{ASE|/sl/}}||'''sl''' {{ASE|/sl/}}
 |-
 |'''sn''' {{ASE|/sl/}}||'''n''', '''sn''' {{ASE|/n/, /sn/}}||'''sn''', '''n''', '''tn''' {{ASE|/n/, /sn/, /tn/}} ||'''sn''' {{ASE|/sn/}}||'''sn''' {{ASE|/sn/}}
 |-
 |'''sh''' {{ASE|/ʃ/}}||'''h''' {{ASE|/h/}}||'''ç''' {{ASE|/tʃ/}}||'''sh''' {{ASE|/ʃ/}}||'''sh''' {{ASE|/ʃ/}}
 |-
 |'''shl''' {{ASE|/ʃl/}}||'''l''' {{ASE|/l/}}||'''shl''' {{ASE|/ʃl/}}||'''shl''' {{ASE|/ʃl/}}||'''shl''' {{ASE|/ʃl/}}
 |-
 |'''m''' {{ASE|/m/}}||'''v''' {{ASE|/v/}}||'''v''' {{ASE|/v/}}||'''v''' {{ASE|/v/}}||'''m''' {{ASE|/m/}}
 |-
 |'''mw''', '''moo''' {{ASE|/mw/}}||'''w''' {{ASE|/w/}}||'''w''' {{ASE|/w/}}||'''w''' {{ASE|/w/}}||'''mw''' {{ASE|/mw/}}
 |-
 |'''qu''' {{ASE|/kw/}}||'''wh''' {{ASE|/ʍ/}}||'''wh''' {{ASE|/ʍ/}}||'''wh''' {{ASE|/ʍ/}}||'''qu''' {{ASE|/kw/}}
 |}
</center>

===Boggaghys===

Ta tree keimyn boggaghys ayn, as ny reillyn oc beggan anchasley rish y cheilley.

====Y chied cheim====

Ta boggaghys y ''chied cheim'' taghyrt ayns ny çhymbyllaghtyn shoh:

=====Earrooyn=====
1. Erreish da ''daa'' 

2. Erreish da earrooyn reajyssagh as -oo ec y jerrey (treeoo, jeihoo as y lheid)

=====Gerrymagh=====
3. Ta cummaghyn [[gerrymagh]] boggaghey.
 
* ''Breeshey'' → ''Kys t'ou, Vreeshey?''
* ''Peddyr'' → ''Pheddyr veen, tar stiagh!''
* ''Dooinney'' → ''Gura mie ayd, ghooinney!''

=====Shellooderys=====
4. Ta farenmyn shellooagh cur boggaghys er ny focklyn ny yei:

4.1 Erreish da ''my'' as ''dty''.  
* ''cass'' → ''shoh my chass''

4.2. Erreish da ''e'', ''dy'' (dy-e) as ''ny'' (ny-e) firrinagh.  

4.2.1 Cha nel erreish da ny cummaghyn bwoirrinagh
* ''thie'' → ''shoh e chass'' (''shoh y cass echey'')
* ''thie'' → ''shoh e cass'' (''shoh y cass eck'')
* ''fakin'' → ''t'ee dy 'akin'' (''t'ee fakin eh'')
* ''fakin'' → ''t'eh dy fakin'' (''t'eh fakin ee'')
* ''bwoalley'' → ''ta mee er ny woalley'' (''ta mee er mwoalley eh'')
* ''bwoalley'' → ''ta mee er ny bwoalley'' (''ta mee er mwoalley ee'')

Ta boggaghys ec enmyn 'sy yienneydagh myrgeddin.

5. Ta boggaghys y chied cheim ec enmyn cair gyn art:
* ''Kirree'' → ''lhong Chirree''
* ''Juan'' → ''lioar Yuan''

5.1 Cha nel '''f''' goll er dolley magh jeh enmyn sleih
* ''Fenella'' → ''thie Fenella'', cha nel *''thie 'Enella''

5.2 Ta [[#Y nah cheim|boggaghys y nah cheim]] ec enmyn cair as art oc.  Jeeagh er y rheynnag shen.

5.3 Ny keayrtyn, cha nel shin boggaghey enmyn joarree.

=====Meeryn roie=====
6. Erreish da ny meeryn roie ''aa-'', ''mee-'', as ''neu-''

7. Erreish da ymmodee [[marennym roie|marenmyn roie]] mannagh vel -d ny -n ec y jerrey.  

7.1 Ta ''feer'' as ''lane'', as adsyn as -d ny -n ec y jerrey, [[#Y treeoo cheim|boggaghys ny treeoo cheim]] nyn yei.  Jeeagh er [[#Y treeoo cheim|boggaghys ny treeoo cheim]]

8 ayns marenmyn ny rovreear erreish da ''ro-'', ''ree-'', ''mie'' ny ''kiune''

=====Roie-ocklyn=====
9. Ayns ennymockle erreish da roie-ocklyn.

9.1 Ayns Gaelg jeianagh, son y chooid smoo, t'ad faagail magh y caghlaa shoh er lhimmey jeh raghyn soit.
* ''bree'' → ''gyn vree''
* ''thalloo'' → ''fo halloo''

=====Bwoirrinys=====
10. Ayns nah rheynn [[co-ennymockle]] erreish da kied 'ockle bwoirrinagh unnaneagh.
* ''kiaullee'' → ''sheshaght-chiaullee''
* ''kiaullee'' → ''sheshaghtyn-kiaullee''

=====Boggaghey marenmyn=====
11. Ayns marenmyn erreish da ennymockle bwoirrinagh.
* ''quaagh'' → ''y rannag whaagh''
* ''moddee'' → ''brishtag voddee''
11.1. Ny keayrtyn, myr [[#Y nah cheim|y nah cheim]], cha nel eh caghlaa [[corockle feeacklagh|corocklyn feeacklagh]].
* ''treoghe'' → ''ben treoghe'' ny ''ben hreoghe''

12. Ny keayrtyn, ayns marenmyn erreish da ennym çhymsagh as yn art (''y, yn'') roish.

13. Ny keayrtyn, ayns marenmyn erreish da ennymockle unnaneagh firrynagh 'sy yienneydagh

14. Ayns marenmyn ny yei ennymockle yl-rey keyl
* ''mooar'' → ''fir vooarey'' (ny ''fir mooarey'')
* ''caggee'' → ''fir chaggee''
* ''treih'' → ''peccee hreih''

=====Ceaghley breearyn=====
15. Ayns ennymocklyn as breearyn erreish da ''by'' / ''b’'', cummey chaie ny kianglagh y [[copail|chopail]].
* ''mie'' → ''by vie lhiam''

16. Ayns breearyn erreish da ''ry-''
* ''geddyn'' → ''ry-gheddyn'' 

17. Ayns breearyn erreish da ''dy'' as ''y'' (rere ''dys'')
* ''jannoo'' → ''t'eh orrym shen y yannoo''*
* ''kionnaghey'' → ''t'ee goll dy chionnaghey feill''

18. Ayns cummaghyn [[pretereitagh|phretereitagh]], [[emshir chianglagh|kianglagh]] [[crogheydaght vreearyn|neuchrogheydagh]], as [[conastagh (grammeydys)|conastagh]] breearyn reiltagh, as ymmodee fir neureiltagh.  Jeeagh er [[#Breearyn|y rheynnag "breearyn"]].

19. Ny keayrtyn, erreish da ''er'' [[grooish chreaghnit|creaghney]] ayns ynnyd [[stronnaghys]] cadjin.

====Y nah cheim====

Ta boggaghys y ''nah cheim'' taghyrt ayns ny çhymbyllaghtyn shoh:

=====Ennymagh=====
20. Ayns ennymockle bwoirrinagh erreish da'n [[art kinjagh]] 'sy chummey ennymagh
* ''caillin'' → ''y chaillin''

=====Gienneydagh=====
21. Ayns [[ennymockle neuchair]] firrynagh unnaneagh 'sy chummey [[gienneydagh]].
* ''y dooinney shen'' → ''gleashtan y dooinney shen''
* ''mwyllin'' → ''dorrys y wyllin''
* ''shugyr'' → ''costys yn çhugyr''

=====Roie-ocklyn as yn art =====
22. Ta roie-ocklyn marish yn art boggaghey ennymocklyn unnaneagh nyn yei.
* ''ben'' → ''ec y ven''
* ''balley'' → ''er y valley''
* ''çhengey'' → ''lesh y çhengey''
* ''sollan'' → ''harrish y tollan''

=====Earrooyn=====
23. Ta [[earroo reajyssagh|earrooyn reajyssagh]] boggaghey erreish da'n art
* ''queiggoo'' → ''y wheiggoo''

====Y treeoo cheim====
Ta boggaghys y ''treeoo cheim'' taghyrt ayns ny çhymbyllaghtyn shoh:

24. Erreish da ''feer'' as ''lane''
* ''mie'' → ''lane vie'', ''feer vie''
* ''dorraghey'' → ''feer dorraghey''
* ''sahllagh'' → ''feer sahllagh''

25. Erreish da [[marennym roie|marenmyn roie]] as -d ny -n ec y jerrey oc.  

25.1. Ta marenmyn roie elley boggaghey 'sy chied aght.  Jeeagh er [[#Y chied cheim|boggaghys ny kied cheim]].

26. Erreish da ny h-earrooyn ''un'' as ''kied''/''chied''.  
* ''paag'' → ''y chied phaag''
* ''daah'' → ''jeh'n un daah''

26.1. Ny keayrtyn, t'ad boggaghey focklyn nagh lhisagh y treeoo cheim boggaghey.
* ''dooghys'' → ''un-ghooghyssagh''

===Stronnaghys===

Ta stronnaghys ry-akin:

1. Erreish da ''nyn'' as ''er nyn''
* ''fakin'' → ''ta mee er nyn vakin'' (''ta mee er vakin ad'')

2. Erreish da ''dyn'' raad ta shen çheet jeh ''dy nyn''
* ''fakin'' → ''t'ee dyn vakin'' (''t'ee fakin shin'')

3. Erreish da ''er'' myr cummey chreaghnit breear
* ''çheet'' → ''t'ou er jeet''

3.1 Ny keayrtyn, as bentyn rish sheeanyn [k] son y chooid smoo, ta boggaghys ayns ynnyd jeh stronnaghys marish ''er''.
* ''cur'' → ''t'ou er chur argid dou''

4. Erreish da'n art yl-rey ''ny'' gienneydagh 
* ''kiark'' → ''Bwoaillee ny Giark''
* ''keyrragh'' → ''Thalloo ny Geyrragh''
4.1. Ayns Gaelg jeianagh, son y chooid smoo, t'ad faagail magh y caghlaa shoh er lhimmey jeh enmyn as raghyn soit.

5. Ayns cummaghyn [[crogheydaght vreear|crogheydagh]] breearyn reiltagh 'syn [[emshir ry-heet]] as [[emshir chianglagh]].  Jeeagh er [[#Breearyn|y rheynnag "breearyn"]].

==Case==
Cha nel case ny red mooar 'sy Ghaelg, agh ta cummaghyn er lheh ec yn [[gerrymagh|chase gerrymagh]] as yn [[gienneydagh|case gienneydagh]].

===Gerrymagh===
Ta ceaghley toshee corockle da enmyn as focklyn ta jannoo obbyr enmyn.  Jeeagh er [[#Ceaghley corocklyn toshee]] son ny smoo fys.  Cha nel eiyrtys erbee elley er y raa.

===Gienneydagh===

====Ennymocklyn firrinagh====
Son ennymocklyn unnaneagh firrinagh (as kuse dy hennymocklyn bwoirrinagh, myrgeddin), ta'n cummey gienneydagh gollrish y fer ennymagh, agh ta [[#Y nah cheim|boggaghey y nah cheim]] ec toshiaght yn 'ockle.
* ''dooinney'' > ''thie yn dooinney''
* ''cashtal'' > ''dorrys y chashtal''

====Ennymocklyn bwoirrinagh====
Ta cummey gienneydagh er lheh ec kuse dy 'ocklyn unnaneagh bwoirrinagh, as cha nel ad jannoo ymmyd jeh ny reillyn cadjin.  Son y chooid smoo, ta'n cummey myr shoh:
* X (ennymagh) > ny Xey (gienneydagh)
Myr sampleyr:
* ''çheer'' > ''ny çheerey''
**''Ree ny çheerey''

Focklyn elley, ta'n cummey gienneydagh oc ny smoo anchasley rish y fer ennymagh:
* ''moir'' > ''ny mayrey''
* ''lhong'' > ''ny lhiungey''
* ''grian'' > ''ny greiney''
* ''ollagh'' > ''thie ollee''<ref>Thomson 1992, 118–19; Broderick 1993, 239–40</ref>

==Breearyn==
{{ardart|Breearyn ny Gaelgey}}

Ta daa aght ayn dy yannoo cummaghyn breearyn: yn-filley y breear hene, ny cur ry-cheilley breearyn cadjin as breear coonee (''jannoo'' ny ''ve'').  Ayns Gaelg Anmagh Loayrit, va'n cummey ym-loayrtagh ny smoo cadjin.<ref>Broderick 1984–86, 75–82; 1993, 250, 271; Thomson 1992, 122</ref>

<center>
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center";
|+ '''Cummaghyn çheorit breearyn ny Gaelgey'''
|-
! style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Emshir
! style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Persoon
! style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Cummey ym-loayrtagh
! style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Cummey yn-filleydagh
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Laaragh immeeaght
| style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" | Kied
| ta mee tilgey
| —
|-
| style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" | Nah yl-rey
| ta shiu tilgey
| —
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Laaragh chreaghnit
| style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" | Kied
| ta mee er dilgey<ref name=er>Ta'n meer ''er'' jeeaghyn gollrish y roie-ockle ''er'' ; ny yei shen, ta bun er lheh echey, ass {{lang|sga|''íar''}} (''lurg'') 'syn Çhenn Yernish {{enmyslioar|duillag=703–44 |cabdil=An Mhanainnis |kied=Nicholas |sjerree=Williams |çhengey=Yernish|ennym=Stair na Gaeilge in ómós do Pádraig Ó Fiannachta |editor=K. McCone, D. McManus, C. Ó Háinle, N. Williams, and L. Breatnach (re.) |soilsheyder=Department of Old Irish, St. Patrick's College |boayl=Maanoot |blein=1994 |isbn=0-901519-90-1}}</ref>
| —
|- 
| style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" | Nah yl-rey
| ta shiu er dilgey
| —
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Pretereitagh
| style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" | Kied
| ren mee tilgey
| hilg mee
|-
| style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" | Nah yl-rey
| ren shiu tilgey
| hilg shiu 
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Chaie immeeaght
| style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" | Kied
| va mee tilgey
| —
|-
| style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" | Nah yl-rey
| va shiu tilgey
| —
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Chaie chreaghnit
| style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" | Kied
| va mee er dilgey<ref name=er />
| —
|-
| style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" | Nah yl-rey
| va shiu er dilgey
| —
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Ry-heet
| style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" | Kied
| neeym tilgey
| tilgym
|-
| style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" | Nah yl-rey
| nee shiu tilgey
| tilgee shiu
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Ry-heet immeeaght
| style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" | Kied
| bee'm tilgey
| —
|-
| style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" | Nah yl-rey
| bee shiu tilgey
| —
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Ry-heet chreaghnit
| style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" | Kied
| bee'm er dilgey
| —
|-
| style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" | Nah yl-rey
| bee shiu er dilgey
| —
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Kianglagh
| style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" | Kied
| yinnin tilgey
| hilgin
|-
| style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" | Nah yl-rey
| yinnagh shiu tilgey
| hilgagh shiu
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Oardreilagh
| style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" | Kied
| jean tilgey!
| tilg!
|-
| style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" | Nah yl-rey
| jean-jee tilgey! ny<br>
jean-shiu tilgey!
| tilg-jee! ny<br>
tilg-shiu!
|}
</center>

==Roie-ocklyn yn-filleydagh==

Gollrish çhengaghyn Celtiagh Ellynagh elley, ta raoie-ocklyn yn-filleydagh ec y Ghaelg: roie-ocklyn ta covestit marish far-ennym.  Myr sampleyr, shoh cummaghyn yn roie-ockle ''ec'' (ta'n nah chummey ny chummey trome):
 
<center>
{| class=wikitable
|+ '''Cummaghyn y roie-ockle ''ec'''''
|-
! style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" colspan=2 | &nbsp;
! style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Unnaneagh
! style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Yl-rey
|-
! colspan = "2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Kied phersoon
| aym <br> ''ayms''
| ain <br> ''ainyn''
|-
|-
! colspan=2 style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Nah phersoon
| ayd <br> ''ayds''
| eu <br> ''euish''
|-
! rowspan=2 style="background-color:#FFDEAD;" | Trass persoon
! style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" | Firrinagh
| echey <br> ''echeysyn''
| oc <br> ''ocsyn''
|-
! style="background-color:#FFE4C4;" | Bwoirrinagh
| eck <br> ''ecksh''
| oc <br> ''ocsyn''
|}
</center>

==Imraaghyn==
{{rolleyimraaghyn}}

===Lioaryn===
* {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Broderick | kied = George | kiangleyscreeudeyr = George Broderick | ennym = Handbook of Late Spoken Manx | ym-lioar = Vol. 1: Grammar and Texts | boayl = Tübingen | soilsheyder = Max Niemeyer Verlag | blein = 1984}}
* {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Broderick | kied = George | kiangleyscreeudeyr = George Broderick | ennym = Handbook of Late Spoken Manx | ym-lioar = Vol. 2: Dictionary | boayl = Tübingen | soilsheyder = Max Niemeyer Verlag | blein = 1984}}
* {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Broderick | kied = George | kiangleyscreeudeyr = George Broderick | ennym = Handbook of Late Spoken Manx | ym-lioar = Vol. 3: Phonology | boayl = Tübingen | soilsheyder = Max Niemeyer Verlag | blein = 1986}}
* {{enmyslioar |sjerree = Broderick | kied =  George |kiangleyscreeudeyr = George Broderick | cabdil = Manx | reagheyder = Ball, Martin | ennym = The Celtic Languages | boayl = Lunnin | soilsheyder = Routledge | blein = 1993}}
* {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Kewley Draskau | kied = Jennifer | ennym = Practical Manx | blein = 2008 | isbn = 9781846311314 | soilsheyder = Liverpool University Press | boayl = Lerphoyll}}
* {{enmyslioar |ennym = Irish Dialects Past and Present |kied=Thomas F. | sjerree=O'Rahilly | boayl = Dublin | soilsheyder = Browne and Nolan. Er ny aachlou magh 1976, 1988 liorish y Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies | blein = 1932 | isbn = 0-901282-55-3}}
* {{enmyslioar | sjerree = Stowell | kiangleyscreeudeyr = Brian Stowell | kied = Brian | ennym = Y Coorse Mooar | curmagh = nah lhieggan | blein = 1998}}
{{-}}
{{Çhengoaylleeaght ny Gaelgey}}
{{Çhengoaylleeaght ny Çhengaghyn Celtiagh}}
{{Çhengaghyn Celtiagh}}
{{Ashoonyn Celtiagh}}

[[Ronney:Gaelg|Chengoaylleeaght]]
[[Ronney:Çhengaghyn Celtiagh|Chengoaylleeaght ny Gaelgey]]
[[Ronney:Çhengaghyn Gaelgagh|Chengoaylleeaght ny Gaelgey]] 
[[Ronney:Çhengoaylleeaght rere çhengey|Gaelgey]]
She çhengey Ellanagh Ghaelgagh Cheltiagh y Ghaelg Vanninagh, as oltey jeh’n chynney çhengey Indo-Oarpagh.  Daase ee ass yn Çhenn Yernish as y Yernish Veanagh.  Ga dy vel anchaslyssyn eddyr ny cairscreeuyn jeu, ta’n Ghaelg Vanninagh so-hoiggal ec Gaelgeyryn elley.  Va Ned Maddrell cummal seose y çhengey echey trooid loayrt rish Gaelgeyryn Yernagh as Albinagh er ny baatyn.Ta faggys-mooinjerys eddyr Gaelg, Yernish as Gaelg Albinagh foast, agh ta troyn er lheh eck chammah.  Ta daa abbyrt ec Gaelg: Gaelg Hwoaie as Gaelg Yiass.Broderick 1984-86, 1:xxvii-xxviii, 160

Aase ny Gaelgey

Ren Shenn Yernish rheynn as gaase dys ny çhengaghyn Gaelgagh t'ayn nish: Yernish, Gaelg as Gaelg Albinagh.  Myr shen, haghyr shiartanse dy chaghlaaghyn bentyn rish sheeanaghtys, jalloo-oaylleeaght as fockle-hasht yn Çhenn Yernish son dy yannoo y Ghaelg Vanninagh t'ayn nish.

Jerraghyn focklyn

 Caghlaaghyn bentyn rish jerraghyn focklyn Shenn Yernish /  Yernish Veanagh Yernish jeinagh Gaelg Albinagh Gaelg     (ayns ennymocklyn) 
 (ayns breearyn)  (ayns ennymocklyn) 
 (ayns breearyn)

Kyndagh rish y chovestey sheeanyn cleaoilagh, raad va  jerrey-fockle gyn trimmid (-(a)ibh, -(a)imh rere lettraghey Yernish as Albinagh), ta shen er govestey marish  (-(e)amh) 'sy Ghaelg, as shen screeut myr "-oo" ny "-u(e)".  Myr sampleyr, shassoo (Yernish ), credjue (Yernish ), nealloo (Yernish Yeianagh Leah , ayns bodjallyn), as erriu (Yernish )O'Rahilly 1932, 77-82; Broderick 1984-86, 2:152.

Raad va  gyn trimmid er jerrey 'ockle 'sy Yernish Veanagh (-(a)idh as -(a)igh), ta shen er ny gaghlaa dys  'sy Ghaelg.  T'eh goll er screeu myr "-ee", myr sampleyr, kionnee (Yernish ) as cullee (Gaelg Albinish )O'Rahilly 1932, 57.  Ta shen gollrish abbyrtyn twoaiey Yernish, chammah's abbyrtyn jiassey Albinagh.

Raad va  ry-akin ayns Yernish Veanagh (-(e)adh), haink daa chummey Gaelg ass.  
 Ayns ennymocklyn, haink  assyn, gollrish Yernish jiass, as kuse dy abbyrtyn ny Gaelgey Albinagh as Yernish heear.  Myr sampleyr, caggey , moylley ; cf. Yernish  as , er nyn vockley magh myr  as  ayns Yernish heear ny jiassO'Rahilly 1932, 68; Broderick 1984-86, 2:56, 308.
 Ayns cummaghyn breearyn çheorit roish ennymockyn (agh cha nel roish farenmyn), haink  y ve  ‘sy Ghaelg chammah’s Yernish jiass.  Myr sampleyr, voyllagh  ; cf. Yernish , O'Rahilly 1932, 75.

Arraghey corocklyn
Ta kuse dy chorocklyn ny Gaelgey er gaghlaa ass ny cummaghyn v'oc 'sy Çhenn Yernish. 

 Jannoo  jeh 
Gollrish abbyrtyn twoaie Yernish, as ymmodee abbyrtyn ny Gaelgey Albinagh, ta ny shenn jeesyn Gaelgagh  er jeet dy ve  ‘sy Ghaelg.  Myr sampleyr, cosoylaghey Yernish Veanagh  as  rish craid as mraane ‘sy Ghaelg.O'Rahilly 1932, 22 

 Jannoo  jeh  
Ta Gaelg, chammah's Yernish hwoaie as Gaelg Albinagh, er nyannoo affricaidyn  as  jeh staddyn feeacklagh cleaoilit  as  ny Shenn Yernish.O'Rahilly 1932, 203

Cleaoilaghey
Gollrish Gaelg Albinagh, cha nel cleaoilaghey neuchosoylagh ec corocklyn daa-veillagh Gaelg.  Ayns y Yernish, ta ny corocklyn coghooysagh neuchosoylagh rish 'sy chorys sheeancoryssagh.  Agh Gaelg as Gaelg Albinagh, cha nel agh  ocJackson 1955, 66. Ta Jackson gra dy vel Yernish hwoaie er goayl y tro shoh chammah, agh s'cosoylagh dy nee marrantys t'echey.  T'ad gra dy cohassooagh dy vel yn anchaslys shoh ec Yernish Vay Eo as ec Yernish Ullee chammah (cf. Mhac an Fhailigh 1968, 27; Hughes 1994, 621; jeeagh er Ó Baoill 1978, 87 chammah).

Coayl  fockle-meanagh
Gollrish Yernish y Vooan, raad va  ec mean ny jerrey ‘ockle traa dy row (as shen screeut myr bh ny mh ‘sy lettraghey Yernish), ta shen er coayl ec Gaelg.  Ny keayrtyn ta ny breeocklyn oc er jeet dy ve ny s’liurey; ny keayrtyn elley, ta’n fockle er jeant u jeh’n chorockle, as haink shen dy ve ny daaghooaght.
Myr sampleyr:
Ta geurey Gaelg  corrym rish  ‘sy Yernish ( rere fockley magh jiass), as ta sleityn corrym rish   rere fockley magh jiass).O'Rahilly 1932, 24; Broderick 1984-86 3:80-83; Ó Sé 2000:15, 120
 
 Sheeanchoryssaghtys ny Gaelgey
Jalloo-oaylleeaght ny Gaelgey
Ta daa cheintys ec y Ghaelg: firrinagh as bwoirrinagh.  Ta ennymocklyn goll er yn-filley son earroo (liorish -yn myr meer yerree, son y chooid smoo).  Cha nel ad goll er yn-filley son case, er lhimmey jeh possan beg as shenn chummey gienneydagh baghtal oc.

Ta breearyn jannoo cummaghyn liorish ym-loayrtys chammah as yn-filley.

 Ceaghley corocklyn toshee
thumb|Ayns ram boaylyn, myr sampleyr Doolish, ta fograghyn failt daahengagh. Cur tashtey ayns shoh da'n cheaghley corockle Doolish da Ghoolish.

Myr dagh çhengey Cheltiagh jeinagh, ta ceaghlaghyn corockyn toshee ec y Ghaelg.  She obbyraghyn çhengoaylleeagh t'ayn.  T'ad caghlaa kied chorockle 'ockle rere yn çhymbyllaght jalloo-oaylleeagh as co-ordrailagh echeyBroderick 1984–86, 1:7–21; 1993, 236–39; Thomson 1992, 132–35.

Ta daa obbyr ceaghlagh ec y Ghaelg: boggaghys as stronnaghys.

Ayns Gaelg yn 20oo eash, va'n corys foudaghey (cadjin ayns cooishyn baase çhengey), as nagh row ram Gaelgeyr jannoo ymmyd jeh ceaghlaghyn rere ny shenn reillyn.  Nish ta ynsaghey oikoil ayn, as Gaelgeyr dooghyssagh, as lhisin shen cooney beaynaghey yn çhengey.

 +Ceaghlaghyn 'sy GhaelgRere Stowell (1998) as Kewley Draskau (2008)
  Corockle gyn ceaghley
  Boggaghys
  Stronnaghys
   Kied cheim
  Nah cheim
  Treeoo cheim
  p ph ph ph b 
  t, th h  t, th t, th d 
  çh h çh çh j 
  c, k keyl ch ch ch g 
  c, k lheean ch ch ch g 
  b v v v m 
  bw, boo w w w mw 
  d, dh gh d d n
  j y j j n'y 
  g keyl y, gh y, gh y, gh ng 
  g lheean gh gh gh ng 
  f  (dollit)  (dollit)  (dollit) v 
  s h  ts s 
  str tr tr str str 
  sl l cl  sl sl 
  sn n, sn sn, n, tn  sn sn 
  sh h ç sh sh 
  shl l shl shl shl 
  m v v v m 
  mw, moo w w w mw 
  qu wh wh wh qu 
 

Boggaghys

Ta tree keimyn boggaghys ayn, as ny reillyn oc beggan anchasley rish y cheilley.

Y chied cheim

Ta boggaghys y chied cheim taghyrt ayns ny çhymbyllaghtyn shoh:

Earrooyn
1. Erreish da daa 

2. Erreish da earrooyn reajyssagh as -oo ec y jerrey (treeoo, jeihoo as y lheid)

Gerrymagh
3. Ta cummaghyn gerrymagh boggaghey.
 
 Breeshey → Kys t'ou, Vreeshey?
 Peddyr → Pheddyr veen, tar stiagh!
 Dooinney → Gura mie ayd, ghooinney!

Shellooderys
4. Ta farenmyn shellooagh cur boggaghys er ny focklyn ny yei:

4.1 Erreish da my as dty.  
 cass → shoh my chass

4.2. Erreish da e, dy (dy-e) as ny (ny-e) firrinagh.  

4.2.1 Cha nel erreish da ny cummaghyn bwoirrinagh
 thie → shoh e chass (shoh y cass echey)
 thie → shoh e cass (shoh y cass eck)
 fakin → t'ee dy 'akin (t'ee fakin eh)
 fakin → t'eh dy fakin (t'eh fakin ee)
 bwoalley → ta mee er ny woalley (ta mee er mwoalley eh)
 bwoalley → ta mee er ny bwoalley (ta mee er mwoalley ee)

Ta boggaghys ec enmyn 'sy yienneydagh myrgeddin.

5. Ta boggaghys y chied cheim ec enmyn cair gyn art:
 Kirree → lhong Chirree
 Juan → lioar Yuan

5.1 Cha nel f goll er dolley magh jeh enmyn sleih
 Fenella → thie Fenella, cha nel *thie 'Enella

5.2 Ta boggaghys y nah cheim ec enmyn cair as art oc.  Jeeagh er y rheynnag shen.

5.3 Ny keayrtyn, cha nel shin boggaghey enmyn joarree.

Meeryn roie
6. Erreish da ny meeryn roie aa-, mee-, as neu-

7. Erreish da ymmodee marenmyn roie mannagh vel -d ny -n ec y jerrey.  

7.1 Ta feer as lane, as adsyn as -d ny -n ec y jerrey, boggaghys ny treeoo cheim nyn yei.  Jeeagh er boggaghys ny treeoo cheim

8 ayns marenmyn ny rovreear erreish da ro-, ree-, mie ny kiune

Roie-ocklyn
9. Ayns ennymockle erreish da roie-ocklyn.

9.1 Ayns Gaelg jeianagh, son y chooid smoo, t'ad faagail magh y caghlaa shoh er lhimmey jeh raghyn soit.
 bree → gyn vree
 thalloo → fo halloo

Bwoirrinys
10. Ayns nah rheynn co-ennymockle erreish da kied 'ockle bwoirrinagh unnaneagh.
 kiaullee → sheshaght-chiaullee
 kiaullee → sheshaghtyn-kiaullee

Boggaghey marenmyn
11. Ayns marenmyn erreish da ennymockle bwoirrinagh.
 quaagh → y rannag whaagh
 moddee → brishtag voddee
11.1. Ny keayrtyn, myr y nah cheim, cha nel eh caghlaa corocklyn feeacklagh.
 treoghe → ben treoghe ny ben hreoghe

12. Ny keayrtyn, ayns marenmyn erreish da ennym çhymsagh as yn art (y, yn) roish.

13. Ny keayrtyn, ayns marenmyn erreish da ennymockle unnaneagh firrynagh 'sy yienneydagh

14. Ayns marenmyn ny yei ennymockle yl-rey keyl
 mooar → fir vooarey (ny fir mooarey)
 caggee → fir chaggee
 treih → peccee hreih

Ceaghley breearyn
15. Ayns ennymocklyn as breearyn erreish da by / b’, cummey chaie ny kianglagh y chopail.
 mie → by vie lhiam

16. Ayns breearyn erreish da ry-
 geddyn → ry-gheddyn 

17. Ayns breearyn erreish da dy as y (rere dys)
 jannoo → t'eh orrym shen y yannoo*
 kionnaghey → t'ee goll dy chionnaghey feill

18. Ayns cummaghyn phretereitagh, kianglagh neuchrogheydagh, as conastagh breearyn reiltagh, as ymmodee fir neureiltagh.  Jeeagh er y rheynnag "breearyn".

19. Ny keayrtyn, erreish da er creaghney ayns ynnyd stronnaghys cadjin.

Y nah cheim

Ta boggaghys y nah cheim taghyrt ayns ny çhymbyllaghtyn shoh:

Ennymagh
20. Ayns ennymockle bwoirrinagh erreish da'n art kinjagh 'sy chummey ennymagh
 caillin → y chaillin

Gienneydagh
21. Ayns ennymockle neuchair firrynagh unnaneagh 'sy chummey gienneydagh.
 y dooinney shen → gleashtan y dooinney shen
 mwyllin → dorrys y wyllin
 shugyr → costys yn çhugyr

Roie-ocklyn as yn art 
22. Ta roie-ocklyn marish yn art boggaghey ennymocklyn unnaneagh nyn yei.
 ben → ec y ven
 balley → er y valley
 çhengey → lesh y çhengey
 sollan → harrish y tollan

Earrooyn
23. Ta earrooyn reajyssagh boggaghey erreish da'n art
 queiggoo → y wheiggoo

Y treeoo cheim
Ta boggaghys y treeoo cheim taghyrt ayns ny çhymbyllaghtyn shoh:

24. Erreish da feer as lane
 mie → lane vie, feer vie
 dorraghey → feer dorraghey
 sahllagh → feer sahllagh

25. Erreish da marenmyn roie as -d ny -n ec y jerrey oc.  

25.1. Ta marenmyn roie elley boggaghey 'sy chied aght.  Jeeagh er boggaghys ny kied cheim.

26. Erreish da ny h-earrooyn un as kied/chied.  
 paag → y chied phaag
 daah → jeh'n un daah

26.1. Ny keayrtyn, t'ad boggaghey focklyn nagh lhisagh y treeoo cheim boggaghey.
 dooghys → un-ghooghyssagh

Stronnaghys

Ta stronnaghys ry-akin:

1. Erreish da nyn as er nyn
 fakin → ta mee er nyn vakin (ta mee er vakin ad)

2. Erreish da dyn raad ta shen çheet jeh dy nyn
 fakin → t'ee dyn vakin (t'ee fakin shin)

3. Erreish da er myr cummey chreaghnit breear
 çheet → t'ou er jeet

3.1 Ny keayrtyn, as bentyn rish sheeanyn [k] son y chooid smoo, ta boggaghys ayns ynnyd jeh stronnaghys marish er.
 cur → t'ou er chur argid dou

4. Erreish da'n art yl-rey ny gienneydagh 
 kiark → Bwoaillee ny Giark
 keyrragh → Thalloo ny Geyrragh
4.1. Ayns Gaelg jeianagh, son y chooid smoo, t'ad faagail magh y caghlaa shoh er lhimmey jeh enmyn as raghyn soit.

5. Ayns cummaghyn crogheydagh breearyn reiltagh 'syn emshir ry-heet as emshir chianglagh.  Jeeagh er y rheynnag "breearyn".

Case
Cha nel case ny red mooar 'sy Ghaelg, agh ta cummaghyn er lheh ec yn chase gerrymagh as yn case gienneydagh.

Gerrymagh
Ta ceaghley toshee corockle da enmyn as focklyn ta jannoo obbyr enmyn.  Jeeagh er #Ceaghley corocklyn toshee son ny smoo fys.  Cha nel eiyrtys erbee elley er y raa.

Gienneydagh

Ennymocklyn firrinagh
Son ennymocklyn unnaneagh firrinagh (as kuse dy hennymocklyn bwoirrinagh, myrgeddin), ta'n cummey gienneydagh gollrish y fer ennymagh, agh ta boggaghey y nah cheim ec toshiaght yn 'ockle.
 dooinney > thie yn dooinney
 cashtal > dorrys y chashtal

Ennymocklyn bwoirrinagh
Ta cummey gienneydagh er lheh ec kuse dy 'ocklyn unnaneagh bwoirrinagh, as cha nel ad jannoo ymmyd jeh ny reillyn cadjin.  Son y chooid smoo, ta'n cummey myr shoh:
 X (ennymagh) > ny Xey (gienneydagh)
Myr sampleyr:
 çheer > ny çheerey
Ree ny çheerey

Focklyn elley, ta'n cummey gienneydagh oc ny smoo anchasley rish y fer ennymagh:
 moir > ny mayrey
 lhong > ny lhiungey
 grian > ny greiney
 ollagh > thie olleeThomson 1992, 118–19; Broderick 1993, 239–40

Breearyn

Ta daa aght ayn dy yannoo cummaghyn breearyn: yn-filley y breear hene, ny cur ry-cheilley breearyn cadjin as breear coonee (jannoo ny ve).  Ayns Gaelg Anmagh Loayrit, va'n cummey ym-loayrtagh ny smoo cadjin.Broderick 1984–86, 75–82; 1993, 250, 271; Thomson 1992, 122

+ Cummaghyn çheorit breearyn ny Gaelgey Emshir Persoon Cummey ym-loayrtagh Cummey yn-filleydagh Laaragh immeeaght Kied ta mee tilgey — Nah yl-rey ta shiu tilgey — Laaragh chreaghnit Kied ta mee er dilgeyTa'n meer er jeeaghyn gollrish y roie-ockle er ; ny yei shen, ta bun er lheh echey, ass  (lurg) 'syn Çhenn Yernish  — Nah yl-rey ta shiu er dilgey — Pretereitagh Kied ren mee tilgey hilg mee Nah yl-rey ren shiu tilgey hilg shiu  Chaie immeeaght Kied va mee tilgey — Nah yl-rey va shiu tilgey — Chaie chreaghnit Kied va mee er dilgey — Nah yl-rey va shiu er dilgey — Ry-heet Kied neeym tilgey tilgym Nah yl-rey nee shiu tilgey tilgee shiu Ry-heet immeeaght Kied bee'm tilgey — Nah yl-rey bee shiu tilgey — Ry-heet chreaghnit Kied bee'm er dilgey — Nah yl-rey bee shiu er dilgey — Kianglagh Kied yinnin tilgey hilgin Nah yl-rey yinnagh shiu tilgey hilgagh shiu Oardreilagh Kied jean tilgey! tilg! Nah yl-rey jean-jee tilgey! ny
jean-shiu tilgey! tilg-jee! ny
tilg-shiu!

Roie-ocklyn yn-filleydagh

Gollrish çhengaghyn Celtiagh Ellynagh elley, ta raoie-ocklyn yn-filleydagh ec y Ghaelg: roie-ocklyn ta covestit marish far-ennym.  Myr sampleyr, shoh cummaghyn yn roie-ockle ec (ta'n nah chummey ny chummey trome):
 
+ Cummaghyn y roie-ockle ec   Unnaneagh Yl-rey Kied phersoon aym  ayms ain  ainyn Nah phersoon ayd  ayds eu  euish Trass persoon Firrinagh echey  echeysyn oc  ocsyn Bwoirrinagh eck  ecksh oc  ocsyn

Imraaghyn

Lioaryn
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Chengoaylleeaght
Chengoaylleeaght ny Gaelgey
Chengoaylleeaght ny Gaelgey 
Gaelgey