Jees sloo
Ayns [[sheeanchoryssaghtys]], ta '''jees sloo''' çheet er daa 'ockle ny daa raa ayns çhengey er lheh gyn agh un anchaslys sheeanagh eddyr oc, as keealyn anchasley oc. Ta çhengoayllee jannoo ymmyd jeu dys soilshaghey nagh vel daa [[myn-heean#sheean mooie|heean mooie]] nyn [[myn-heean#fo-heean|vo-heeanyn]] y [[myn-heean|vyn-heean]] cheddin. Foddee ad ve anchasley bentyn rish sheean, [[toan]] ny traa.

Myr sampleyr 'sy Ghaelg, ta'n jees "m'''o'''ngey" + "m'''i'''ngey" cowraghey nagh vel ny myn-heeanyn {{ASE|[i]}} as {{ASE|[o]}} ec y vyn-heean cheddin.  Dy firrinagh, t'ad ec nyn myn-heeanyn hene ({{ASE|/i/}} as {{ASE|/o/}}), agh cha nel yn un tampleyr shoh feanish dy liooar shen y 'ondaghey.  Myr sampleyr elley, ta "'''b'''aagh" + "'''p'''aagh" ny yees sloo ta cowraghey nagh vel {{ASE|[pʰ]}} as {{ASE|[b]}} nyn vo-heeanyn y vyn-heean cheddin.

== Sampleyryn ==

=== Eddyr-scarrey corocklyn ===
Ta kiare [[bleaystagh daa-veillagh|bleaystee daa-veillagh]] ry-veenaghey lesh ny troyn "[[cronnane (çhengoaylleeaght)|cronnaneagh/neuchronnaneagh]]" as "[[ennalaghey (sheeanaghtys)|ennalit/neuennalit]]": {{ASE|[p]}}, {{ASE|[pʰ]}}, {{ASE|[b]}} and {{ASE|[bʱ]}}.  Ta'n rang-oardraghey oc myr myn-heeanyn croghey er y çhengey er lheh, as cha nel dagh sheean mooie ec dagh çhengey.

{| class="wikitable"
! Sampleyr !! Çhengey !! Soilshaghey
|-
| [[Coadan:Bilabial plosives English.svg|60px]] || [[Baarle]] || Ta {{ASE|[p]}} ("spin", ''cassey'') as {{ASE|[pʰ]}} ("pin", ''freeney'') ry-chlashtyn, agh she fo-heeanyn y vyn-heean {{ASE|/p/}} t'ayn, as cha nel jees sloo erbee geddyr-scarrey ad.  Er y laue elley, ta'n fockle "bin" cowraghey dy vel {{ASE|[b]}} ec myn-heean elley, {{ASE|/b/}}.  Cha nel {{ASE|[bʱ]}} eck.
|-
| [[Coadan:Bilabial plosives Mandarin.svg|60px]] || [[Mandarin Chadjinit]] || Cha nel agh {{ASE|[p]}} as {{ASE|[pʰ]}} eck, as adsyn ec daa vyn-heean.  Myr sampleyr, ta 怕 {{ASE|[pʰa]}} (''aggle'') + 耙{{ASE|[pa]}} (''speiy'') jannoo jees sloo.
|-
| [[Coadan:Bilabial plosives French.svg|60px]] || [[Frangish]]/[[Portiugish]] || Ayns ny [[çhengaghyn Romanagh]] shoh, as fir elley, cha nel agh {{ASE|[p]}} as {{ASE|[b]}} ry-chlashtyn.  T'adsyn ec daa vyn-heean.  Myr sampleyr, {{lang|fr|pain}} {{ASE|[pɛ̃]}} (''arran'') + {{lang|fr|bain}} {{ASE|[bɛ̃]}} (''tobbyr oonlee'').
|-
| [[Coadan:Bilabial plosives 4.svg|60px]] || [[Hindish]] || Ta'n kiare jeu corrym rish kiare myn-heeanyn.
|-
| [[Coadan:Bilabial plosives Thai.svg|60px]] || [[Thai (çhengey)|Thai]] || Ta tree sheeanyn mooie eck, as adsyn ec tree myn-heeanyn:
* ใบ {{ASE|/baɪ/}} "brat"
* ไป {{ASE|/paɪ/}} "goll"
* ภัย {{ASE|/pʰaɪ/}} "gaue"
|}
<!--
===Differentiating vowels===
The following table shows a minimal set in French distinguishing vowels, some or all of which may sound alike to an Anglophone, because the {{ASE|[œ]}} and {{ASE|[y]}} sounds do not exist in English:
{|class="wikitable"
! word || IPA ||meaning
|-
| cire || {{ASE|/siʁ/}} ||wax
|-
| sûre || {{ASE|/syʁ/}} ||sure
|-
| sœur || {{ASE|/sœʁ/}} ||sister
|-
| sieur || {{ASE|/sjœʁ/}} ||sir
|-
| sueur || {{ASE|/sɥœʁ/}} ||sweat
|}

===Differentiating consonants===
A minimal triplet of consonants in French is:
{|class="wikitable"
! word || IPA ||meaning
|-
| bête noire || {{ASE|/bɛtnwaʁ/}} || black beast, pet peeve
|-
| baie noire || {{ASE|/bɛnwaʁ/}} || black berry (not [[blackberry]], which is mûre sauvage)
|-
| baignoire || {{ASE|/bɛɲwaʁ/}} || bathtub
|}

Because {{ASE|[tn]}} is not a single phoneme in French, this shows a minimal pair between the presence and absence of {{ASE|[t]}} next to {{ASE|[n]}}, which shares its point of articulation. {{ASE|[n]}} and {{ASE|[ɲ]}} differ only in point of articulation.

There are three verbs in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] which demonstrate the distinction, in some dialects, between a velar stop and an uvular stop on one hand, and a glottal stop with and without tightening of the throat on the other:
{|class="wikitable"
! word || IPA ||meaning
|-
| קרא || {{ASE|/qɔːrɔːʔ/}} || read, call
|-
| קרע || {{ASE|/qɔːraʕ/}} || tear apart
|-
| כרע || {{ASE|/kɔːraʕ/}} || kneel
|}

In the following two Hebrew verbs, the only distinction is a glottal stop in the middle of the first word:
{|class="wikitable"
! word || IPA ||meaning
|-
| לראות || {{ASE|/liːrʔoːθ/}} || see
|-
| לירות || {{ASE|/liːroːθ/}} || shoot
|}

In [[Korean language|Korean]], phones {{ASE|[ɾ]}} in "Ko'''r'''ea" and {{ASE|[l]}} in "Seou'''l'''" are allophones of one phoneme and are perceived by native speakers of Korean as a single phoneme. The difference is that {{ASE|[ɾ]}} is an allophone of this phoneme before vowels.

===Differentiating chronemes===
[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], [[Italian language|Italian]] and [[Polish language|Polish]] have distinctive [[gemination|length of consonant]]s, as did [[Latin]]. A differentiator for length may be called a [[chroneme]]. In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), lengthening can be indicated by doubling the symbol, or by the special sign {{ASE|/ː/}}. Doubling is commonly used for consonants, while the special symbol is used for vowels. E.g. in Italian:

{|class="wikitable"
! word || IPA ||meaning
|-
| pala ||{{ASE|/ˈpala/}}|| spade
|-
| palla ||{{ASE|/ˈpalla/}} || ball
|}

[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], [[German language|German]] and [[Thai language|Thai]] have distinctive [[vowel length]], as did [[Latin]]. E.g. in Thai (and compare this example also to the one on tone):

{|class="wikitable"
! word || IPA || RTGS || quality || meaning
|-
| เขา || {{ASE|/kʰǎw/}} || khǎo || short, rising tone || he/she
|-
| ขาว || {{ASE|/kʰǎːw/}} || khǎo || long, rising tone || white
|-
| เข้า || {{ASE|/kʰâw/}} || khâo || short, falling tone || enter
|-
| ข้าว || {{ASE|/kʰâːw/}} || khâo || long, falling tone || rice
|-
| เข่า || {{ASE|/kʰàw/}} || khào || short, low tone || knee
|-
| ข่าว || {{ASE|/kʰàːw/}}|| khào || long, low tone || news
|}

===Differentiating tonemes===
Languages such as [[Mandarin Chinese]], [[Thai language|Thai]] and many [[African languages]]. (See: [[pitch accent]] and [[tonal language]].) For example in Thai:

{|class="wikitable"
! word || IPA |||RTGS || quality || meaning
|-
| ขาว || {{ASE|/kʰǎːw/}} || khǎ:o || rising tone || white
|-
| ข้าว || {{ASE|/kʰâːw/}} || khâ:o || falling tone || rice
|-
| ข่าว || {{ASE|/kʰàːw/}} || khà:o || low tone || news
|}

===Differentiating stress===
[[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]] and [[Italian language|Italian]] have many minimal pairs differing only in stress. [[Dutch language|Dutch]] has several, e.g. (stress indicated by acute accent):

{|class="wikitable"
! language ||word || IPA || meaning
|-
| Dutch ||voorkómen || {{ASE|/voːrˈkoːmə(n)/}} || prevent
|-
| Dutch ||vóórkomen || {{ASE|/ˈvoːrkoːmə(n)/}} || occur
|-
| Romanian ||copíi || {{ASE|/koˈpi/}} || children
|-
| Romanian ||cópii || {{ASE|/ˈkopi/}} || copies
|-
| Portuguese ||sabiá || {{ASE|/sabi'a/}} || thrush (bird)
|-
| Portuguese ||sábia || {{ASE|/'sabia/}} || wise (feminine)
|-
| Portuguese ||sabia || {{ASE|/sa'bia/}} || (I, you, she/he) did know
|-
| Italian ||becchìno || {{ASE|/beˈkkino/}} || undertaker
|-
| Italian ||bécchino || {{ASE|/ˈbekkino/}} || let them peck
|-
| Spanish ||límite || {{ASE|/ˈlimite/}} || (the) limit
|-
| Spanish ||limite || {{ASE|/liˈmite/}} || he/she limits, you (formal) limit
|-
| Spanish ||limité || {{ASE|/limiˈte/}} || I limited
|-
| Greek || ποτέ || {{ASE|/poˈtɛ/}} || never
|-
| Greek || πότε || {{ASE|/ˈpotɛ/}} || when
|}

Minimal pairs may differ superficially in more than one place if one feature is dependent on the other.
For example, English ''record'' (noun) and ''record'' (verb) (and similar pairs) appear superficially not to be minimal pairs for stress because they differ in vowel quality as well. However, since the differences in vowel quality are predictable consequences of the differences in stress, such pairs are considered minimal pairs. The case is similar in [[Russian language|Russian]], e.g. ''м'''у'''ка'' ('torture, pain') and ''мук'''а''''' ('flour').

==External links==
{{commonscat|Minimal pairs}}
* [http://billposer.org/Software/minpair.html Software that generates a list of minimal pairs from a wordlist]
* [http://www.speech-language-therapy.com/txresources.html Consonant Contrasts] Australian English (non-rhotic) Minimal Pair Words and Pictures from Caroline Bowen. Most of these will "work" in other dialects of English.
* [http://www.speech-language-therapy.com/txvowelcontrasts.html Vowel and Diphthong Contrasts]: Australian English (non-rhotic) Minimal Pair Words and Pictures from Caroline Bowen. Most of these will "work" in other dialects of English.
* [http://www.speech-language-therapy.com/wordlists.html Picturable Minimal Pairs ...] ... and other word lists (without pictures) in English from Caroline Bowen.
* [http://www.speech-language-therapy.com/tx-facts-and-tricks.html Phonological Therapy] Speech-Language Pathologists' intervention "tricks" and techniques involving minimal pairs - Words and Pictures from Caroline Bowen
* [http://www.speech-language-therapy.com/freebies.htm Freebies Index] Many words and pictures: singleton consonant lists, revisions and repairs, minimal pairs, etc from [http://www.speech-language-therapy.com/caroline.html Caroline Bowen]
* [http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/wordscape/wordlist/index.html Complete list of minimal pairs in English RP] created by John Higgins.
-->

[[Ronney:Sheeanchoryssaghtys]]
Ayns sheeanchoryssaghtys, ta jees sloo çheet er daa 'ockle ny daa raa ayns çhengey er lheh gyn agh un anchaslys sheeanagh eddyr oc, as keealyn anchasley oc. Ta çhengoayllee jannoo ymmyd jeu dys soilshaghey nagh vel daa heean mooie nyn vo-heeanyn y vyn-heean cheddin. Foddee ad ve anchasley bentyn rish sheean, toan ny traa.

Myr sampleyr 'sy Ghaelg, ta'n jees "mongey" + "mingey" cowraghey nagh vel ny myn-heeanyn  as  ec y vyn-heean cheddin.  Dy firrinagh, t'ad ec nyn myn-heeanyn hene ( as ), agh cha nel yn un tampleyr shoh feanish dy liooar shen y 'ondaghey.  Myr sampleyr elley, ta "baagh" + "paagh" ny yees sloo ta cowraghey nagh vel  as  nyn vo-heeanyn y vyn-heean cheddin.

 Sampleyryn 

 Eddyr-scarrey corocklyn 
Ta kiare bleaystee daa-veillagh ry-veenaghey lesh ny troyn "cronnaneagh/neuchronnaneagh" as "ennalit/neuennalit": , ,  and .  Ta'n rang-oardraghey oc myr myn-heeanyn croghey er y çhengey er lheh, as cha nel dagh sheean mooie ec dagh çhengey.

 Sampleyr  Çhengey  Soilshaghey 60px  Baarle  Ta  ("spin", cassey) as  ("pin", freeney) ry-chlashtyn, agh she fo-heeanyn y vyn-heean  t'ayn, as cha nel jees sloo erbee geddyr-scarrey ad.  Er y laue elley, ta'n fockle "bin" cowraghey dy vel  ec myn-heean elley, .  Cha nel  eck. 60px  Mandarin Chadjinit  Cha nel agh  as  eck, as adsyn ec daa vyn-heean.  Myr sampleyr, ta 怕  (aggle) + 耙 (speiy) jannoo jees sloo. 60px  Frangish/Portiugish  Ayns ny çhengaghyn Romanagh shoh, as fir elley, cha nel agh  as  ry-chlashtyn.  T'adsyn ec daa vyn-heean.  Myr sampleyr,   (arran) +   (tobbyr oonlee). 60px  Hindish  Ta'n kiare jeu corrym rish kiare myn-heeanyn. 60px  Thai  Ta tree sheeanyn mooie eck, as adsyn ec tree myn-heeanyn:
 ใบ  "brat"
 ไป  "goll"
 ภัย  "gaue"

Ronney:Sheeanchoryssaghtys