Obbreeaght Barbarossa
{{WD Kishtey Fys Taghyrt
|v_start_time = 22 Mean Souree 1941
|v_end_time = 5 Nollick 1941
}}
Ta '''Obbreeaght Barbarossa''' ({{lang-de|link=no|Unternehmen Barbarossa}}; {{Lang-ru|link=no|Операция Барбаросса|Operatsiya Barbarossa}}) çheet er y ruegys er [[yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh]] liorish y [[Yn Ghermaan Natseeagh|Ghermaan Natseeagh]] as ram jeh e [[Yn Cochaarjys Essylagh|chochaarjyn Essylagh]], goaill toshiagh Jedoonee, 22 Mean Souree 1941, car y [[Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]]. She eshyn va'n soiagh smoo rere mooadys as coayl v'ayn rieau ayns shennagys deiney, lesh mysh 10 millioonyn dy hroddanee,{{sfn|Citino|2021}} as ny smoo na 8 millioonyn dy ghreihyn roish jerrey yn obbreeaght.{{sfn|Anderson|Clark|Walsh|2018|pp=67}}{{sfn|Dimbleby|2021|p=xxxvii–xxxviii}}

Chur yn obbreeaght, va [[coad-ennym|enmyssit]] [[Ferdorraghey Barbarossa|Ferdorraghey I "Barbarossa"]] ("faasaag ruy"), [[Impir Raueagh Bannee]] as [[Caggaghyn ny Croshey|Croshaidagh]] veih'n 12oo eash, deanyn eie-oaylleeagh y Ghermaan Natseeagh dy scryssey yn [[cummynys]], dy ghoaill yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh heear, as dy aa-chlannaghey yn thalloo lesh [[Germaanee]]. She yn dean v'ec y {{lang|de|[[Generalplan Ost]]}} Germaanagh na dy ghoaill ymmyd jeh fir jeh'n sleih ruegit myr [[labreeyn eginit]] da eab caggee yn Essylys choud's v'ad geddyn tashtaghyn ooill veih'n [[Yn Choagaash|Choagaash]] chammah as cooid eirinagh veih ny thallooyn Soveidjagh eisgoylagh, goaill stiagh [[Pobblaght Hoveidjagh Hoshiallagh yn Ookraan|yn Ookraan]] as [[Pobblaght Hoveidjagh Hoshiallagh y Velaroosh|y Velaroosh]]. Va ny Germaanee geearree tooilley {{lang|de|[[Lebensraum]]}} (reamys beaghee) da'n Ghermaan, chammah as scryssey ny [[Slavee]] ghooghyssagh lesh ard-eebyrtyssyn da'n [[Yn Çhibbeyr|Çhibbeyr]], [[Germaanaghey]], [[deyrsnys]], as [[kynney-ghunverys]].{{sfn|Rich|1973|pp=204–221}}{{sfn|Snyder|2010|p=416}}

'Sy daa vlein roish y ruegys, ren y Ghermaan Natseeagh as yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh [[Conaant Molotov–Ribbentrop|fo-screeu conaantyn politickagh]] as [[Mooinjerys tarmaynagh Natseeagh–Soveidjagh (1934–41)|tarmaynagh]] ry-hoi kiarailyn strateyshagh. Lurg y [[Cummaltys Soveidjagh er Bessarabia as Bukovina Hwoaie]], hoshee [[Oberkommando der Wehrmacht|Ard-chioneys y Ghermaan]] plannal ruegys er yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh ayns Jerrey Souree 1940 (fo'n choad-ennym [[Obbreeaght Otto]]). Car yn obbreeaght, ren ny smoo na 3.8 millioonyn dy skimmee Essylagh—y forse ruegyssagh smoo v'ayn rieau ayns [[shennaghys y chaggey]]—ruegey yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh heear, harrish toshiaght 2,900 kilomeadaryn (1,800 mi) er lhiurid lesh cooney 600,000 carbid votoragh as ny smoo na 600,000 cabbil da obbreeaghtyn neu-chaggee. Chur y soiagh dy mooar rish mooadaghey feer vooar 'sy Nah Chaggey Dowanagh, rere çheer-oaylleeaght as lesh y [[Conaant Anglo-Hoveidjagh|Chonaant Anglo-Hoveidjagh]], chur yn UPSS stiagh 'sy [[Cochaarjyn y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|chochiangley Cochaarjagh]].

Ren yn obbreeaght foshley yn [[yn Toshiaght Hiar (y Nah Caggey Dowanagh)|Toshiaght Hiar]], raad ghow foddey ny smoo forsaghyn ayrn 'sy [[theater caggee]] shoh na ayns theater caggee elley. Haghyr fir jeh ny cahyn smoo v'ayn rieau, fir jeh ny [[kimmeeys caggee|h-eajeeyssyn]] s'messey, as earroo ny [[Guintee yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|guintee]] s'yrjey (da forsaghyn Soveidjagh as da forsaghyn Essylagh) ayns ard yn obbreeaght, as chur eh dy mooar rish coorse y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh as [[shennaghys y 20oo eash]] haink ny yei. Fy yerrey, ghow ny h-armeeyn Germaanagh mysh queig millioonyn dy hidooryn Soveidjagh jeh'n [[Yn Armee Yiarg|Armee Yiarg]] cappee{{sfn|Chapoutot|2018|p=272}} as ren ad [[Caartrey Germaanagh jeh pryssoonee chaggee Hoveidjagh|shanglanaghey gy baase ny marroo]] mysh 3.3&nbsp;millioonyn dy phryssoonee chaggee Hoveidjagh, as millioonyn dy hivoilee dy jioinagh, tra va "[[Plan yn Accrys]]" currit ayns bree d'easley tiarkaghtyn bee da ny Germaanee as dy scryssey yn pobble Slavagh lesh yn accrys.{{sfn|Snyder|2010|pp=175–186}} Ren ny Germaanee, ny ''[[Einsatzgruppen]]'' er lheh lesh cooney veih co-obbreeyn aggindagh{{Efn|Cur my ner cassey forsaghyn Latvagh as Ookraanagh ayns dunverys ny h-Ewnyn myr va symnit ec y screeudeyr shennaghys Raul Hilberg.{{sfn|Hilberg|1992|pp=58–61, 199–202}}}}, ymmyd jeh ard-ghunneraghtyn as [[shamyr ghas|obbreeaghtyn gassaghey]], ny smoo na millioon dy [[Ewnyn Soveidjagh]] gy baase myr ayrn jeh'n [[Yn Deherree|Deherree]].{{sfn|United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|1996|pp=50–51}}

Chur rey Obbreeaght Barbarossa rish goll ergooyl aigh yn Ghermaan Natseeagh.{{sfn|Rees|2010}} Er çheu yn obbreeaght, hooar ny forsaghyn Germaanagh ram barriaghtyn mooarey as ren ad cummal fer jeh ny h-ardjyn smoo scanshoil rere tarmaynys jeh'n Unnaneys Soveidjagh ('syn Ookraan er lheh) as ren ad ram guintee as dreihyn jeh'n phobble as jeh ny forsaghyn Soveidjagh, choud's hurree ad ram guintee as dreihyn foast. Agh, dyn bwooise da ny barriaghtyn leah shen, haink jerrey rish y toiagh car [[Cah Moscow]] ec jerrey yn vlein 1941,{{sfn|Mawdsley|2015|p=54}}{{sfn|Anderson|Clark|Walsh|2018|pp=48–49, 51}} as ren y [[Cah Moscow#Y noi-hoiagh Soveidjagh|noi-hoiagh geuree Soveidjagh]] broojey ny Germaanee mysh 250 km (160 mi) ergooyl. Va'n ard-chioneys Germaanagh smooinaghtyn dy vees tuittym tappee ayns shassoo noi ny Soveidjee myr honnick ad 'sy [[Ruegys er y Pholynn|Pholynn]], cosoylagh rish y reggyrt v'ec ny Rooshee car y [[Yn Chied Chaggey Dowanagh|Chied Chaggey Dowanagh]].{{sfn|Clairmont|2003|pp=2818–2823}} Ansherbee, cha daghyr lheid tuittym; ren yn Armee Yiarg soo stiagh ny buillaghyn s'troshey ren y ''[[Wehrmacht]]'' as hayrn ad ny Germaanee stiagh ayns [[caggey scryssee]], red nagh row ny Germaanee aarlee da. Lurg cailtyssyn trommey as çhionnid losteeagh yn obbreeaght, cha row forsaghyn y ''Wehrmacht'' jargal soiaghyn y yannoo car y slane Toshiaght Hiar, as s'annoonagh va ny h-obbreeaghtyn haink ny yei dy aa-ghoaill y cheim hoshee as dy vroojey dowin stiagh 'sy thalloo Hoveidjagh—lheid as ayns [[Cooish Ghorrym]] ayns 1942 as [[Obbreeaght Cashtal]] ayns 1943. Ren ny failleilyn shen cur rish castey yn ''Wehrmacht''. Chur ny barriaghtyn Soveidjagh shen jerrey rish mooadaghey thallooinagh y Ghermaan chur eh raaue jeh castey as tuittym y Ghermaan Natseeagh ayns 1945.

==Noteyn==
{{notelist}}

==Imraaghyn==
{{reflist}}

==Farraneyn-fys==
===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
* {{cite book |last1=Anderson |first1=Duncan |title=The Eastern Front: Barbarossa, Stalingrad, Kursk, Leningrad, Bagration, Berlin |last2=Clark |first2=Lloyd |last3=Walsh |first3=Stephen |publisher=Amber Books |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-78274-619-5}} 
* {{cite book | last=Chapoutot | first=Johann | year=2018 | title=The Law of Blood: Thinking and Acting as a Nazi | place=Cambridge and London | publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press | isbn= 978-0-67466-043-4}}
* {{Cite web | last=Citino | first=Robert | title=Operation Barbarossa: The Biggest of All Time (June 18, 2021) | year=2021 | url=https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/operation-barbarossa | access-date=2022-12-29 | website=The National WWII Museum}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Clairmont |first=Frederic F. |date=2003 |title=Stalingrad: Hitler's Nemesis |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4413752 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=38 |issue=27 |pages=2819–2823 |jstor=4413752 |issn=0012-9976 }}
* {{cite book |last=Dimbleby |first=Jonathan |author-link=Jonathan Dimbleby |title=Operation Barbarossa: The History of a Cataclysm |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2021 |isbn=978-0-19754-721-2}} 
* {{cite book | last=Hilberg | first=Raul | year=1992 | title=Perpetrators, Victims, Bystanders: The Jewish Catastrophe, 1933–1945 | location=New York | publisher=Harper Collins | isbn=0-8419-0910-5 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/destructionofeu00hilb }}
* {{cite book | last=Mawdsley | first=Evan | author-link=Evan Mawdsley | title=Thunder in the East: The Nazi-Soviet War 1941–1945 | publisher=Bloomsbury Academic | year=2015 |isbn=978-1-47250-756-3|edition=2nd}}
* {{cite web |last= Rees |first= Laurence |date= 2010 |title= What Was the Turning Point of World War II? |url= http://www.historynet.com/what-was-the-turning-point-of-world-war-ii.htm |website= HistoryNet |access-date= 8 July 2017 }}
* {{cite book |last=Rich |first=Norman |title=Hitler's War Aims: Ideology, the Nazi State, and the Course of Expansion |url=https://archive.org/details/hitlerswaraimsid00rich |url-access=registration |year=1973 |publisher=W.W. Norton |isbn=978-0233964768 }}
* {{cite book | last=Snyder| first=Timothy | year=2010 | title= Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin | location= New York | publisher= Basic Books | isbn=978-0-46503-147-4 }}
* {{cite book | author = United States Holocaust Memorial Museum | title = Historical Atlas of the Holocaust | year = 1996 | location = New York | publisher = Macmillan Publishing | isbn = 978-0-02897-451-4 | url = https://archive.org/details/historicalatlaso00unit }}
{{refend}}

==Kianglaghyn magh==
{{Commons category|Operation Barbarossa|Obbreeaght Barbarossa}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120916093716/http://www1.yadvashem.org/yv/en/holocaust/barbarossa/index.asp?WT.mc_id=wiki From Persecution to Mass Murder &ndash; Operation Barbarossa] er ynnyd-eggey [[Yad Vashem]]
* [http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20100122183003/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/system/topicRoot/Operation_Barbarossa/ Tuarastyllyn as jallooyn bunneydagh bentyn rish Obbreeaght Barbarossa] veih ''[[The Times]]''

{{Gurneil eaghtyrys}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barbarossa}}
[[Ronney:Obbreeaght Barbarossa| ]]
[[Ronney:Coad-enmyn]]
[[Ronney:Ruegyssyn er y Roosh]]
[[Ronney:Taghyrtyn ayns Mean Souree 1941]]
[[Ronney:Obbreeaghtyn caggee lesh Finnlynn]]
[[Ronney:Obbreeaghtyn caggee yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]]
[[Ronney:Ruegyssyn er yn Ookraan]]
Ta Obbreeaght Barbarossa (; ) çheet er y ruegys er yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh liorish y Ghermaan Natseeagh as ram jeh e chochaarjyn Essylagh, goaill toshiagh Jedoonee, 22 Mean Souree 1941, car y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh. She eshyn va'n soiagh smoo rere mooadys as coayl v'ayn rieau ayns shennagys deiney, lesh mysh 10 millioonyn dy hroddanee, as ny smoo na 8 millioonyn dy ghreihyn roish jerrey yn obbreeaght.

Chur yn obbreeaght, va enmyssit Ferdorraghey I "Barbarossa" ("faasaag ruy"), Impir Raueagh Bannee as Croshaidagh veih'n 12oo eash, deanyn eie-oaylleeagh y Ghermaan Natseeagh dy scryssey yn cummynys, dy ghoaill yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh heear, as dy aa-chlannaghey yn thalloo lesh Germaanee. She yn dean v'ec y  Germaanagh na dy ghoaill ymmyd jeh fir jeh'n sleih ruegit myr labreeyn eginit da eab caggee yn Essylys choud's v'ad geddyn tashtaghyn ooill veih'n Choagaash chammah as cooid eirinagh veih ny thallooyn Soveidjagh eisgoylagh, goaill stiagh yn Ookraan as y Velaroosh. Va ny Germaanee geearree tooilley  (reamys beaghee) da'n Ghermaan, chammah as scryssey ny Slavee ghooghyssagh lesh ard-eebyrtyssyn da'n Çhibbeyr, Germaanaghey, deyrsnys, as kynney-ghunverys.

'Sy daa vlein roish y ruegys, ren y Ghermaan Natseeagh as yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh fo-screeu conaantyn politickagh as tarmaynagh ry-hoi kiarailyn strateyshagh. Lurg y Cummaltys Soveidjagh er Bessarabia as Bukovina Hwoaie, hoshee Ard-chioneys y Ghermaan plannal ruegys er yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh ayns Jerrey Souree 1940 (fo'n choad-ennym Obbreeaght Otto). Car yn obbreeaght, ren ny smoo na 3.8 millioonyn dy skimmee Essylagh—y forse ruegyssagh smoo v'ayn rieau ayns shennaghys y chaggey—ruegey yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh heear, harrish toshiaght 2,900 kilomeadaryn (1,800 mi) er lhiurid lesh cooney 600,000 carbid votoragh as ny smoo na 600,000 cabbil da obbreeaghtyn neu-chaggee. Chur y soiagh dy mooar rish mooadaghey feer vooar 'sy Nah Chaggey Dowanagh, rere çheer-oaylleeaght as lesh y Chonaant Anglo-Hoveidjagh, chur yn UPSS stiagh 'sy chochiangley Cochaarjagh.

Ren yn obbreeaght foshley yn Toshiaght Hiar, raad ghow foddey ny smoo forsaghyn ayrn 'sy theater caggee shoh na ayns theater caggee elley. Haghyr fir jeh ny cahyn smoo v'ayn rieau, fir jeh ny h-eajeeyssyn s'messey, as earroo ny guintee s'yrjey (da forsaghyn Soveidjagh as da forsaghyn Essylagh) ayns ard yn obbreeaght, as chur eh dy mooar rish coorse y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh as shennaghys y 20oo eash haink ny yei. Fy yerrey, ghow ny h-armeeyn Germaanagh mysh queig millioonyn dy hidooryn Soveidjagh jeh'n Armee Yiarg cappee as ren ad shanglanaghey gy baase ny marroo mysh 3.3 millioonyn dy phryssoonee chaggee Hoveidjagh, as millioonyn dy hivoilee dy jioinagh, tra va "Plan yn Accrys" currit ayns bree d'easley tiarkaghtyn bee da ny Germaanee as dy scryssey yn pobble Slavagh lesh yn accrys. Ren ny Germaanee, ny Einsatzgruppen er lheh lesh cooney veih co-obbreeyn aggindagh, ymmyd jeh ard-ghunneraghtyn as obbreeaghtyn gassaghey, ny smoo na millioon dy Ewnyn Soveidjagh gy baase myr ayrn jeh'n Deherree.

Chur rey Obbreeaght Barbarossa rish goll ergooyl aigh yn Ghermaan Natseeagh. Er çheu yn obbreeaght, hooar ny forsaghyn Germaanagh ram barriaghtyn mooarey as ren ad cummal fer jeh ny h-ardjyn smoo scanshoil rere tarmaynys jeh'n Unnaneys Soveidjagh ('syn Ookraan er lheh) as ren ad ram guintee as dreihyn jeh'n phobble as jeh ny forsaghyn Soveidjagh, choud's hurree ad ram guintee as dreihyn foast. Agh, dyn bwooise da ny barriaghtyn leah shen, haink jerrey rish y toiagh car Cah Moscow ec jerrey yn vlein 1941, as ren y noi-hoiagh geuree Soveidjagh broojey ny Germaanee mysh 250 km (160 mi) ergooyl. Va'n ard-chioneys Germaanagh smooinaghtyn dy vees tuittym tappee ayns shassoo noi ny Soveidjee myr honnick ad 'sy Pholynn, cosoylagh rish y reggyrt v'ec ny Rooshee car y Chied Chaggey Dowanagh. Ansherbee, cha daghyr lheid tuittym; ren yn Armee Yiarg soo stiagh ny buillaghyn s'troshey ren y Wehrmacht as hayrn ad ny Germaanee stiagh ayns caggey scryssee, red nagh row ny Germaanee aarlee da. Lurg cailtyssyn trommey as çhionnid losteeagh yn obbreeaght, cha row forsaghyn y Wehrmacht jargal soiaghyn y yannoo car y slane Toshiaght Hiar, as s'annoonagh va ny h-obbreeaghtyn haink ny yei dy aa-ghoaill y cheim hoshee as dy vroojey dowin stiagh 'sy thalloo Hoveidjagh—lheid as ayns Cooish Ghorrym ayns 1942 as Obbreeaght Cashtal ayns 1943. Ren ny failleilyn shen cur rish castey yn Wehrmacht. Chur ny barriaghtyn Soveidjagh shen jerrey rish mooadaghey thallooinagh y Ghermaan chur eh raaue jeh castey as tuittym y Ghermaan Natseeagh ayns 1945.

Noteyn

Imraaghyn

Farraneyn-fys
Bibliography

  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 

Kianglaghyn magh

 From Persecution to Mass Murder – Operation Barbarossa er ynnyd-eggey Yad Vashem
 Tuarastyllyn as jallooyn bunneydagh bentyn rish Obbreeaght Barbarossa veih The Times

 
Ronney:Coad-enmyn
Ronney:Ruegyssyn er y Roosh
Ronney:Taghyrtyn ayns Mean Souree 1941
Ronney:Obbreeaghtyn caggee lesh Finnlynn
Ronney:Obbreeaghtyn caggee yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh
Ronney:Ruegyssyn er yn Ookraan