Nollick
[[Coadan:Nativity tree.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Jesheenyssyn Nollick er nyn daishbyney]]
She feailley [[Creestiaght|Chreestee]] ee '''Yn Nollick''', as ish kelloorey ruggyr [[Yeesey Chreest]]. T'ee goll er kelloorey er [[25oo Mee ny Nollick]] ec jerrey [[yn Çheet]]. Ga dy nee feailley Chreestee t'ayn, ta ymmodee neuchreestee goaill ayrn ayns cliaghtaghyn myr [[carval|goaill carvallyn]], cur [[gioot]]yn as [[kaart Nollick|kaartyn Nollick]], as jesheenaghey thieyn as baljyn. Ta Laa Nollick ny [[laa seyr ashoonagh]] ayns ymmodee çheeraghyn, eer kuse dy heeraghyn gyn shennaghys profete Creestee de [[25 Mayrnt]].

Ta kuse dy [[Creestiaght Chair-chredjuagh|h-Agglishyn Creestee Cair-chredjuagh Hiar]] kelloorey y Nollick er [[6oo Jerrey Geuree]], er y fa dy vel 6oo Geuree corrym rish 25oo Mee ny Nollick 'syn [[feaillere Gregoiragh|'eaillere Gregoiragh]] oc.

== Cliaghtaghyn jeianagh ==

Ta cliaghtaghyn Nollick jeianagh anchasley ayns dagh çheer, agh ta fir chadjin goaill stiagh:
* cur giootyn
* cur kaartyn Nollick
* goaill carvallyn
* jesheenaghey [[billey Nollick]]
* lhongey er lheh
* paart [[Jishag y Nollick]]

Ta'n chooid smoo dy chliaghtaghyn Nollick jeianagh noa dy liooar. Screeu [[Sebastian Brant]] ayns ''[[Das Narrenschiff]]'' (1494) dy row sleih cliaghtey cur banglaneyn juys ayns thieyn.<ref name="Britannica"/> Cha nel feanish shickyr er bun [[billey Nollick|viljyn Nollick]], agh v'ad ry-akin ayns 1605 ayns [[Strasbourg]].<ref name="Britannica"/> Ta recortys ven ooasle [[y Tileesh|Hileeshagh]] er ymmyd cainleyn orroo ayns 1611.<ref name="Britannica"/>

Haink rish [[feaillere Nollick|feaillereyn Nollick]] traghtee 'syn [[yn Ghermaan|Ghermaan]] ayns 1851.<ref name="Britannica"/> Rere jeeaghtys, va'n feailley cur gys cooinaghtyn Chreestee dy row Yeesey ny yioot Yee, as va çheet ny saggyrtyn Pershagh taishbyney dy row y Nollick bentyn rish giootyn. Va sleih cliaghtey cur giootyn derrey y 15oo eash, as v'eh mie er bun rish y 18oo eash.<ref name="Talley"/> Shen feanish dy nee feailley seihlltagh v'ayn, bentyn rish y lught-thie as caarjyn, as er yn oyr shen va ny [[Puritaanagh|Puritaanee]] shassoo noi kelloorey Nollick, as dobbee ad yn 'eailley.<ref name="Talley"/> 

== Nollick seihlltagh ==

Derrey leah 'sy 20oo eash, ta paart ec y Nollick myr laa seyr mooinjer seihlltagh, as t'ee goll er kelloorey ec Creestee as neuchreestee myrgeddin. Ta'n Nollick seihlltagh shoh goll er cowraghey liorish maylayrtey giootyn, as ta paart mooar ec [[Jishag y Nollick]] 'syn 'eailley.

Er coontey eiyrtys creck as cur giootyn, kaartyn, bee as stoo elley, she traa scanshoil ee Nollick er son [[tarmaynys]]. Ta laghyn seyrey ashoonagh ry-gheddyn ayns ymmodee çheeraghyn myrgeddin.

== Shennaghys ==

Va ny shenn Chreestee eddyrscarrey laa ruggyree Yeesey as yn 'eailley liturgagh echey. Rish daa cheead s'leaie ny Creestiaght, er lheh, v'ad shassoo noi kelloorey laghyn ruggyree [[martyr]]yn as Yeesee. Bare lhieu ny laghyn martyrys oc y chelloorey.<ref name="Britannica">{{enmyslioar
  | screeudeyr = Encyclopædia Britannica
  | ennym = Encyclopædia Britannica
  | blein = 2009
  | cabdil = Christmas
  | curmagh = Eddyr-voggyl
  | kiangley = http://search.eb.com/eb/article-284175
  | datefeddyn = 2009-12-27
  | çhengey = Baarle
}}</ref>  Ayns [[Raue]], cho leah as 336 BNJ, va feailley er 25 Mee ny Nollick cowraghey toshiaght ny bleeaney.<ref name="Talley">{{enmyslioar
  | ennym = Encyclopedia of Religion.  
  | reagheyder = Lindsay Jones. 
  | ym-lioar = 3
  | curmagh = 2oo.
  | boayl = Detroit
  | soilsheyder = Macmillan Reference USA
  | blein = 2005
  | duillag = 1741-1745
  | çhengey = Baarle
  | cabdil = Christian Liturgical Year
  | screeudeyr = Thomas J. Talley
}}</ref>  Rish jerrey y 4oo eash, va'n chooid smoo jeh'n theill Creestee kelloorey ruggyr Chreest er 25oo Mee ny Nollick.<ref name="Baldovin">{{enmyslioar
  | ennym = Encyclopedia of Religion.  
  | reagheyder = Lindsay Jones. 
  | ym-lioar = 3
  | curmagh = 2oo.
  | boayl = Detroit
  | soilsheyder = Macmillan Reference USA
  | blein = 2005
  | duillag = 1756-1757
  | çhengey = Baarle
  | cabdil = Christmas
  | screeudeyr = John F. Baldovin
}}</ref>  Er lesh [[Chrysostom]], by 'eer laa ruggyree Chreest v'ayn.<ref name="Baldovin"/>  Mean 'sy 5oo eash, ghow rish agglish [[Jerusalem|Yerusalem]] rish y date 25oo Mee ny Nollick myrgeddin, as haink eh ayns ynnyd yn 'eailley shinney v'oc er 6oo Jerrey Geuree.  Agh cha nel [[yn Agglish Armeainagh]] er ngoaill rish rieau.<ref name="Baldovin"/>  Va feailley ruggyree goll er kelloorey ec ny h-agglishyn Hiar er 6oo Jerrey Geuree, as ish ''Epiphania'' ny ''Theophania'' (focklyn ny [[Shenn Ghreagish]] bentyn rish soilshaghey jee).<ref name="Talley"/>  Ayns shiartanse jeu, v'ad kelloorey [[bashtey]] Yeesey as y chied [[mirril]] jeant echey, ec [[Cana]], er y laa cheddin myrgeddin.<ref name="Talley"/> 

Va cummaght mooar er kelloorey ny Creestee Heear ec cliaghtaghyn Raue.  Va [[Paab ny Raue]] lhaih tree erinyn er Laa Nollick.  V'ad cliaghtey lhaih yn erin bunneydagh ec [[Keeill Pheddyr (Raue)|Keeill Pheddyr]] er moghrey Nollick.<ref name="Baldovin"/>  Agh rish y wheiggoo eash, ghow ad toshiaght erin noa y lhaih "mean 'syn oie" (ec gerrym yn chellee 'sy toshiaght, agh ec mean-oie fy yerrey) ec çhiamble cratçh Chreest, as eshyn er ny hroggal ec [[Keeill Santa Maria Maggiore]] myr coip jeh'n chratçh ec [[Bethlehem]].<ref name="Baldovin"/>  Fy yerrey, rish yn [[eash Vaisantagh]] 'sy çheyoo eash, ghow ad toshiaght treeoo erin y lhaih ayns Raue, as eshyn ec irree yn laa ec [[Keeill Sant' Anastasia]]. She martyr v'ayn, as va'n 'eailley eck goll er kelloorey ayns [[Istanbul]] er 25oo Mee ny Nollick.<ref name="Baldovin"/>  Mean 'sy 11oo eash, ren ad scughey yn erin bunneydagh jeh Keeill Pheddyr da Santa Maria Maggiore raad va'n nah erin goll er lhaih myrgeddin.<ref name="Baldovin"/>  

Derrey'n 8oo eash, ta hoght laghyn dy liturgey ry-gheddyn ec ny Creestee Heear, rere ny feaillaghyn [[Caisht]] as [[Feailley Çhybbyrt Ushtey]].<ref name="Baldovin"/>

Leah 'sy 6oo eash, ren yn ard-ree [[Justinian]] laa seyr ny theay jeh Nollick.<ref name="Baldovin"/>  She feailley feer ennoil v'ayn er feie [[yn Europey]] ayns ny [[Mean Eashyn]], as hie ram drama as kiaull er cummey er-e-son.  Leah 'sy 13oo eash, hug [[Francis Assisi]] er bun ooashley y chratçh Nollick.<ref name="Baldovin"/>  

Ghow ny h-agglishyn toshiaght Nollick y chelloorey lesh liturgey er lheh 'sy 9oo eash, agh cha row scansh [[Jeheiney Caisht]] ny [[Laa Caisht]] eck.  Ta agglishyn [[Creestee Raueagh]] kelloorey kied erin Nollick ec mean-oie, as ta shirveish fastyr ayns ymmodee agglishyn Phrotestoonagh.<ref name="Britannica"/>

Rish y 16oo eash, va'n chooid smoo jeh agglishyn [[Aachummey Protestoonagh|Aachummit]] freayll Nollick.  Myr sampleyr, va [[Martin Luther]] soiaghey mooar jee 'sy phreacheil echey.  Ny yei shen, ren ny [[Puritaanee]] Hostnagh eab yn 'eailley shoh y scryssey magh 'sy 17oo eash.<ref name="Baldovin"/>  Hie ee erash ayns Sostyn rish [[aachroo Ree Hostyn]] ayns 1660, agh ayns cummey ny smoo seihlltagh.  Fo cummaght Puritaanagh, she laa obbyr v'ayn ayns [[America]] derrey mean 'sy 19oo eash, ayns [[Sostyn Noa]] er lheh.<ref name="Baldovin"/>  
 
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The coincidence of the Roman date for the Feast of the Nativity, December 25, with the date of Natalis Solis Invicti, a winter solstice festival established by the emperor Aurelian in 274 CE, has encouraged the hypothesis that Christmas represents a Christian appropriation of the solstice festival, and similar pagan backgrounds have been proposed for the Epiphany festival on January 6. Contrary to this prevailing view, Louis Duchesne in his Christian Worship (London, 1903) suggests that those dates were computed as nativity dates from the inclusion of the Incarnation (i.e., the conception of Christ) in the themes celebrated at Pascha on known fixed dates, March 25 in Africa and Rome, April 6 in Asia Minor and elsewhere in the East. In modern times, March 25 is celebrated as the Feast of the Annunciation (the conception of Christ) nine months before Christmas, except among the Armenians, who continue to follow the tradition of Jerusalem by observing the Nativity on January 6 and the Annunciation nine months earlier. In the course of the later fourth and fifth centuries other Eastern churches adopted the Roman festival of December 25, thenceforward devoting January 6 only to the celebration of Christ's baptism. In that same period the January festival was adopted at Rome, and its nativity theme was narrowed to the visit of the Magi, from which it came to be considered the manifestation of Christ to the Gentiles.

In most Latin cultures, the Epiphany festival remains the occasion for the exchange of gifts, after the example ofPage 1744  |  Top of Article the Magi, while in northern Europe and English-speaking countries that custom, continued from pre-Christian year-end festivities, attaches rather to Christmas. In the Byzantine and other Eastern churches where Epiphany celebrates Christ's sanctification of water by his baptism, a major feature of the celebration is a blessing of water that is drawn by the faithful and carried to their homes, a custom for which pre-Christian roots are also claimed in modern scholarship.
ADVENT

Analogous to the period of preparation for Easter, a fast before the nativity developed in the West into a preparatory season. In addition to the Roman December Embertide, churches in Gaul observed fasts of six weeks or more; a common form was called Saint Martin's Lent, from its beginning on November 11, the Feast of Saint Martin of Tours. That season, known as Advent, developed themes associated both with the advent of Christ at his nativity and the second advent at the end of this world's history, the two advents having been expressed by the same term (parousia) since the Greek theologians of the second century. A forty-day fast is also kept before Christmas in the Eastern churches, but this never received the liturgical articulation of Advent in the West, where Advent today comprises the four weeks (or, in Milan, six weeks) before Christmas.

 Source:   Encyclopedia of Religion. Ed. Lindsay Jones. Vol. 3. 2nd ed. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. p1741-1745.  
Thomas J. Talley
 Title:  Christian Liturgical Year  
-->

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Britannica

The precise origin of assigning December 25 as the birth date of Jesus is unclear. The New Testament provides no clues in this regard. December 25 was first identified as the date of Jesus' birth by Sextus Julius Africanus in 221 and later became the universally accepted date. One widespread explanation of the origin of this date is that December 25 was the Christianizing of the dies solis invicti nati (“day of the birth of the unconquered sun”), a popular holiday in the Roman Empire that celebrated the winter solstice as a symbol of the resurgence of the sun, the casting away of winter and the heralding of the rebirth of spring and summer. Indeed, after December 25 had become widely accepted as the date of Jesus' birth, Christian writers frequently made the connection between the rebirth of the sun and the birth of the Son. One of the difficulties with this view is that it suggests a nonchalant willingness on the part of the Christian church to appropriate a pagan festival when the early church was so intent on distinguishing itself categorically from pagan beliefs and practices.

A second view suggests that December 25 became the date of Jesus' birth by a priori reasoning that identified the spring equinox as the date of the creation of the world and the fourth day of creation, when the light was created, as the day of Jesus' conception (i.e., March 25). December 25, nine months later, then became the date of Jesus' birth. For a long time the celebration of Jesus' birth was observed in conjunction with his baptism, celebrated January 6.

None of the contemporary Christmas customs have their origin in theological or liturgical affirmations, and most are of fairly recent date. The Renaissance humanist Sebastian Brant recorded, in Das Narrenschiff (1494; The Ship of Fools), the custom of placing branches of fir trees in houses. Even though there is some uncertainty about the precise date and origin of the tradition of the Christmas tree, it appears that fir trees decorated with apples were first known in Strasbourg in 1605. The first use of candles on such trees is recorded by a Silesian duchess in 1611. The Advent wreath—made of fir branches, with four candles denoting the four Sundays of the Advent season—is of even more recent origin, especially in North America. The custom, which began in the 19th century but had roots in the 16th, originally involved a fir wreath with 24 candles (the 24 days before Christmas, starting December 1), but the awkwardness of having so many candles on the wreath reduced the number to four. An analogous custom is the Advent calendar, which provides 24 openings, one to be opened each day beginning December 1. According to tradition, the calendar was created in the 19th century by a Munich housewife who tired of having to answer endlessly when Christmas would come. The first commercial calendars were printed in Germany in 1851. The intense preparation for Christmas that is part of the commercialization of the holiday has blurred the traditional liturgical distinction between Advent and the Christmas season, as can be seen by the placement of Christmas trees in sanctuaries well before December 25.

Toward the end of the 18th century the practice of giving gifts to family members became well established. Theologically, the feast day reminded Christians of God's gift of Jesus to humankind even as the coming of the Wise Men, or Magi, to Bethlehem suggested that Christmas was somehow related to giving gifts. The practice of giving gifts, which goes back to the 15th century, contributed to the view that Christmas was a secular holiday focused on family and friends. This was one reason why Puritans in Old and New England opposed the celebration of Christmas and in both England and America succeeded in banning its observance.

Toward the end of the 18th century the practice of giving gifts to family members became well established. Theologically, the feast day reminded Christians of God's gift of Jesus to humankind even as the coming of the Wise Men, or Magi, to Bethlehem suggested that Christmas was somehow related to giving gifts. The practice of giving gifts, which goes back to the 15th century, contributed to the view that Christmas was a secular holiday focused on family and friends. This was one reason why Puritans in Old and New England opposed the celebration of Christmas and in both England and America succeeded in banning its observance.

The tradition of celebrating Christmas as a secular, family holiday is splendidly illustrated by a number of English “Christmas” carols such as "Here We Come A-Wassailing" or "Deck the Halls with Boughs of Holly." It can also be seen in the practice of sending Christmas cards, which began in England in the 19th century. Moreover, in countries such as Austria and Germany, the connection between the Christian festival and the family holiday is made by identifying the Christ child as the giver of gifts to the family. In some European countries Saint Nicholas appears on his feast day (December 6) bringing modest gifts of candy and other gifts to children. In North America, the pre-Christmas role of the Christian Saint Nicholas was transformed, under the influence of the poem 'Twas the Night Before Christmas, into the increasingly central role of Santa Claus as the source of Christmas gifts for the family. While both name and attire—a version of the traditional dress of bishop—of Santa Claus reveal his Christian roots, and his role of querying children about their past behaviour replicates that of Saint Nicholas, he is seen as a secular figure. In Australia, where people attend open-air concerts of Christmas carols and have their Christmas dinner on the beach, Santa Claus wears red swimming trunks as well as a white beard.

Photograph:Christmas morning. An American family prepares to exchange gifts.
Christmas morning. An American family prepares to exchange gifts.
LWA-Dann Tardif/Corbis

In most European countries gifts are exchanged on Christmas Eve, December 24, in keeping with the notion that the baby Jesus was born on the night of the 24th. The morning of December 25, however, has become the time for the exchange of gifts in North America. In 17th- and 18th-century Europe the modest exchange of gifts took place in the early hours of the 25th when the family returned home from the Christmas mass. When the evening of the 24th became the time for the exchange of gifts, the Christmas mass was set into the late afternoon of that day. In North America, the centrality of the morning of the 25th of December as the time for the family to open presents has led, with the exception of Catholic and some Lutheran and Episcopal churches, to the virtual end of holding church services on that day, a striking illustration of the way societal customs influence liturgical practices.

Given the importance of Christmas as one of the major Christian feast days, most European countries observe, under Christian influence, December 26 as a second Christmas holiday. This practice recalls the ancient Christian liturgical notion that the celebration of Christmas, as well as that of Easter and of Pentecost, should last the entire week. The week-long observance, however, was successively reduced to Christmas day and a single, additional holiday on December 26.

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<!-- duillag Wikipedia ny Baarle 
'''Christmas'''<ref>[http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/jfa-ha/index-eng.cfm Canadian Heritage – Public holidays] — ''Government of Canada''. Retrieved November 27, 2009.</ref> or '''Christmas Day'''<ref>[http://www.opm.gov/Operating_Status_Schedules/fedhol/2009.asp 2009 Federal Holidays] — ''U.S. Office of Personnel Management''. Retrieved November 27, 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_073741 Bank holidays and British Summer time] — ''HM Government''. Retrieved November 27, 2009.</ref> is an annual [[Christianity|Christian]] [[holiday (calendar)|holiday]] commemorating [[Nativity of Jesus|the birth]] of [[Jesus|Jesus Christ]].<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/christmas Christmas], ''[[Merriam-Webster]]''. Retrieved October 6, 2008.<br>"[http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761556859 Christmas]," ''[[MSN Encarta]]''. Retrieved October 6, 2008. [http://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1257008234358079 Archived] 2009-10-31.</ref><ref name="CathChrit">[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03724b.htm "Christmas"], ''[[The Catholic Encyclopedia]]'', 1913.</ref> It is celebrated on [[December 25]], but this date is not known to be Jesus' actual [[birthday]], and may have initially been chosen to correspond with either the day exactly nine months after some early Christians believed [[Annunciation|Jesus had been conceived]],<ref>[http://www.bib-arch.org/e-features/christmas.asp How December 25 Became Christmas, Biblical Archaeology Review, Retrieved 2009-12-13]</ref> a [[Dies Natalis Solis Invicti#Sol Invictus and Christianity|historical Roman festival]],<ref name="SolInvictus">"[http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761556859_1____4/christmas.html#s4 Christmas]", ''Encarta''<br>Roll, Susan K., ''Toward the Origins of Christmas'', (Peeters Publishers, 1995), p.130.<br>Tighe, William J., "[http://touchstonemag.com/archives/article.php?id=16-10-012-v Calculating Christmas]". [http://www.webcitation.org/5kwR1OTxS Archived] 2009-10-31.</ref> or the date of the northern hemisphere's [[winter solstice]].<ref name="Newton">Newton, Isaac, ''[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16878/16878-h/16878-h.htm Observations on the Prophecies of Daniel, and the Apocalypse of St. John]'' (1733). Ch. XI.<br />A sun connection is possible because Christians consider Jesus to be the "sun of righteousness" prophesied in Malachi 4:2.</ref> Christmas is central to the [[Christmas and holiday season]], and in Christianity marks the beginning of the larger season of [[Christmastide]], which lasts [[Twelve Days of Christmas|twelve days]].<ref name="CRI-Christmastide">{{cite web|url = http://www.cresourcei.org/cyxmas.html| title = The Christmas Season|publisher = CRI / Voice, Institute|accessdate = 2008-12-25}}</ref>

Although a [[Christianity|Christian]] holiday, Christmas is also widely celebrated by many non-Christians,<ref name="nonXians" /><ref>[http://www.siouxcityjournal.com/lifestyles/leisure/article_9914761e-ce50-11de-98cf-001cc4c03286.html Non-Christians focus on secular side of Christmas] — ''Sioux City Journal''. Retrieved November 18, 2009.</ref> and some of its popular celebratory customs have [[pre-Christian]] or [[secularity|secular]] themes and origins. Popular modern customs of the holiday include gift-giving, [[Christmas music|music]], an exchange of [[Christmas card|greeting cards]], [[Christian Church|church]] celebrations, a special meal, and the display of various decorations; including [[Christmas tree]]s, [[Christmas lights|lights]], [[garland]]s, [[mistletoe]], [[nativity scene]]s, and [[holly]]. In addition, [[Father Christmas]] (known as [[Santa Claus]] in some areas, including [[North America]], [[Australia]] and [[Ireland]]) is a popular [[mythology|mythological]] figure in many countries, associated with the bringing of gifts for children.<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16329025 "Poll: In a changing nation, Santa endures"], Associated Press, December 22, 2006. Retrieved November 18, 2009.</ref>

Because [[Gift economy|gift-giving]] and many other aspects of the Christmas festival involve heightened economic activity among both Christians and non-Christians, the holiday has become a significant event and a key sales period for retailers and businesses. The economic impact of Christmas is a factor that has grown steadily over the past few centuries in many regions of the world.
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== Imraaghyn ==
{{rolleyimraaghyn}}

[[Ronney:Nollick]]
She feailley Chreestee ee Yn Nollick, as ish kelloorey ruggyr Yeesey Chreest. T'ee goll er kelloorey er 25oo Mee ny Nollick ec jerrey yn Çheet. Ga dy nee feailley Chreestee t'ayn, ta ymmodee neuchreestee goaill ayrn ayns cliaghtaghyn myr goaill carvallyn, cur giootyn as kaartyn Nollick, as jesheenaghey thieyn as baljyn. Ta Laa Nollick ny laa seyr ashoonagh ayns ymmodee çheeraghyn, eer kuse dy heeraghyn gyn shennaghys profete Creestee de 25 Mayrnt.

Ta kuse dy h-Agglishyn Creestee Cair-chredjuagh Hiar kelloorey y Nollick er 6oo Jerrey Geuree, er y fa dy vel 6oo Geuree corrym rish 25oo Mee ny Nollick 'syn 'eaillere Gregoiragh oc.

 Cliaghtaghyn jeianagh 

Ta cliaghtaghyn Nollick jeianagh anchasley ayns dagh çheer, agh ta fir chadjin goaill stiagh:
 cur giootyn
 cur kaartyn Nollick
 goaill carvallyn
 jesheenaghey billey Nollick
 lhongey er lheh
 paart Jishag y Nollick

Ta'n chooid smoo dy chliaghtaghyn Nollick jeianagh noa dy liooar. Screeu Sebastian Brant ayns Das Narrenschiff (1494) dy row sleih cliaghtey cur banglaneyn juys ayns thieyn. Cha nel feanish shickyr er bun viljyn Nollick, agh v'ad ry-akin ayns 1605 ayns Strasbourg. Ta recortys ven ooasle Hileeshagh er ymmyd cainleyn orroo ayns 1611.

Haink rish feaillereyn Nollick traghtee 'syn Ghermaan ayns 1851. Rere jeeaghtys, va'n feailley cur gys cooinaghtyn Chreestee dy row Yeesey ny yioot Yee, as va çheet ny saggyrtyn Pershagh taishbyney dy row y Nollick bentyn rish giootyn. Va sleih cliaghtey cur giootyn derrey y 15oo eash, as v'eh mie er bun rish y 18oo eash. Shen feanish dy nee feailley seihlltagh v'ayn, bentyn rish y lught-thie as caarjyn, as er yn oyr shen va ny Puritaanee shassoo noi kelloorey Nollick, as dobbee ad yn 'eailley. 

 Nollick seihlltagh 

Derrey leah 'sy 20oo eash, ta paart ec y Nollick myr laa seyr mooinjer seihlltagh, as t'ee goll er kelloorey ec Creestee as neuchreestee myrgeddin. Ta'n Nollick seihlltagh shoh goll er cowraghey liorish maylayrtey giootyn, as ta paart mooar ec Jishag y Nollick 'syn 'eailley.

Er coontey eiyrtys creck as cur giootyn, kaartyn, bee as stoo elley, she traa scanshoil ee Nollick er son tarmaynys. Ta laghyn seyrey ashoonagh ry-gheddyn ayns ymmodee çheeraghyn myrgeddin.

 Shennaghys 

Va ny shenn Chreestee eddyrscarrey laa ruggyree Yeesey as yn 'eailley liturgagh echey. Rish daa cheead s'leaie ny Creestiaght, er lheh, v'ad shassoo noi kelloorey laghyn ruggyree martyryn as Yeesee. Bare lhieu ny laghyn martyrys oc y chelloorey.  Ayns Raue, cho leah as 336 BNJ, va feailley er 25 Mee ny Nollick cowraghey toshiaght ny bleeaney.  Rish jerrey y 4oo eash, va'n chooid smoo jeh'n theill Creestee kelloorey ruggyr Chreest er 25oo Mee ny Nollick.  Er lesh Chrysostom, by 'eer laa ruggyree Chreest v'ayn.  Mean 'sy 5oo eash, ghow rish agglish Yerusalem rish y date 25oo Mee ny Nollick myrgeddin, as haink eh ayns ynnyd yn 'eailley shinney v'oc er 6oo Jerrey Geuree.  Agh cha nel yn Agglish Armeainagh er ngoaill rish rieau.  Va feailley ruggyree goll er kelloorey ec ny h-agglishyn Hiar er 6oo Jerrey Geuree, as ish Epiphania ny Theophania (focklyn ny Shenn Ghreagish bentyn rish soilshaghey jee).  Ayns shiartanse jeu, v'ad kelloorey bashtey Yeesey as y chied mirril jeant echey, ec Cana, er y laa cheddin myrgeddin. 

Va cummaght mooar er kelloorey ny Creestee Heear ec cliaghtaghyn Raue.  Va Paab ny Raue lhaih tree erinyn er Laa Nollick.  V'ad cliaghtey lhaih yn erin bunneydagh ec Keeill Pheddyr er moghrey Nollick.  Agh rish y wheiggoo eash, ghow ad toshiaght erin noa y lhaih "mean 'syn oie" (ec gerrym yn chellee 'sy toshiaght, agh ec mean-oie fy yerrey) ec çhiamble cratçh Chreest, as eshyn er ny hroggal ec Keeill Santa Maria Maggiore myr coip jeh'n chratçh ec Bethlehem.  Fy yerrey, rish yn eash Vaisantagh 'sy çheyoo eash, ghow ad toshiaght treeoo erin y lhaih ayns Raue, as eshyn ec irree yn laa ec Keeill Sant' Anastasia. She martyr v'ayn, as va'n 'eailley eck goll er kelloorey ayns Istanbul er 25oo Mee ny Nollick.  Mean 'sy 11oo eash, ren ad scughey yn erin bunneydagh jeh Keeill Pheddyr da Santa Maria Maggiore raad va'n nah erin goll er lhaih myrgeddin.  

Derrey'n 8oo eash, ta hoght laghyn dy liturgey ry-gheddyn ec ny Creestee Heear, rere ny feaillaghyn Caisht as Feailley Çhybbyrt Ushtey.

Leah 'sy 6oo eash, ren yn ard-ree Justinian laa seyr ny theay jeh Nollick.  She feailley feer ennoil v'ayn er feie yn Europey ayns ny Mean Eashyn, as hie ram drama as kiaull er cummey er-e-son.  Leah 'sy 13oo eash, hug Francis Assisi er bun ooashley y chratçh Nollick.  

Ghow ny h-agglishyn toshiaght Nollick y chelloorey lesh liturgey er lheh 'sy 9oo eash, agh cha row scansh Jeheiney Caisht ny Laa Caisht eck.  Ta agglishyn Creestee Raueagh kelloorey kied erin Nollick ec mean-oie, as ta shirveish fastyr ayns ymmodee agglishyn Phrotestoonagh.

Rish y 16oo eash, va'n chooid smoo jeh agglishyn Aachummit freayll Nollick.  Myr sampleyr, va Martin Luther soiaghey mooar jee 'sy phreacheil echey.  Ny yei shen, ren ny Puritaanee Hostnagh eab yn 'eailley shoh y scryssey magh 'sy 17oo eash.  Hie ee erash ayns Sostyn rish aachroo Ree Hostyn ayns 1660, agh ayns cummey ny smoo seihlltagh.  Fo cummaght Puritaanagh, she laa obbyr v'ayn ayns America derrey mean 'sy 19oo eash, ayns Sostyn Noa er lheh.  
 

 Imraaghyn 

Ronney:Nollick