Filsafat
[[Borkas:"The School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|''[[Mazhab Athena]]'' (1509-1511) kario [[Raphael]], mangambarkon [[Filsafat Yunani kuno|filsuf Yunani]] i kaadaan na mandinoki realitas, tarinspirasi tu [[Arsitektur Yunani kuno]]]]
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'''Filsafat''' (tingon [[saro Yunani]] {{lang|grc|φιλοσοφία}}, ''philosophia'', sacara harfiah artianna "pangholong kabijaksanaan"<ref name="biblehub.com">{{cite web|title=Strong's Greek Dictionary 5385|url=http://biblehub.com/greek/5385.htm}}</ref><ref name="oed.com2">{{cite web|url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/142505?rskey=WbBDMG&result=1&isAdvanced=false#eid|title=Home : Oxford English Dictionary|work=oed.com}}</ref>) ima [[kajian]] [[Paboa masalah|masalah]] umum dot mandasor tontang parsoalan songon [[eksistensi]], [[parbinotoan]], [[Nile (etika)|nile]], [[akal]], [[pikiran]], dot [[saro]].<ref>[[A.C. Grayling]], ''Philosophy 1: A Guide through the Subject'' (Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 1: "The aim of philosophical inquiry is to gain insight into questions about knowledge, truth, reason, reality, meaning, mind, and value."</ref> Istilah on mungkin parjolo sanoli iobarkon ni [[Pythagoras]] (c. 570–495 SM). [[Metode filsafat|Metode]] na ipake i filsafat antara lain [[Parsapaan Sokratik|mambaen parsapaan]], [[Metode Sokratik|diskusi kritikal]], [[dialektik]], dot presentasi sistematik.<ref>{{cite book|title=How to Think About the Great Ideas: From the Great Books of Western Civilization|last=Adler|first=Mortimer J.|date=28 March 2000|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=Pv3BHyktJWkC}}|publisher=Open Court|isbn=978-0-8126-9412-3|location=Chicago, Ill.}}</ref> Parsapaan filosofis klasik antara lain: Ahama nanamamungkinkon giot  [[Pyrrhonism|mamboto sanga aha]] dot mambuktionna?<ref>{{cite book|title=The Oxford Handbook of Skepticism|date=1 October 2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-983680-2|editor-last=Greco|editor-first=John|edition=1st|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=Ozv0lftrUeEC}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Thinking Things Through: An Introduction to Philosophical Issues and Achievements|last=Glymour|first=Clark|date=10 April 2015|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=G4lLCAAAQBAJ}}|publisher=A Bradford Book|isbn=978-0-262-52720-0|edition=2nd|chapter=Chapters 1–6}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/skepcont/|title=Contemporary Skepticism {{!}} Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy|website=www.iep.utm.edu|access-date=25 April 2016}}</ref> Aha na [[Absolut (filsafat)|paling nyato]]? Par filsuf juo mangajuon parsapaan na lobi praktis dot konkret songon: Adongdo cara tardeges giot mangolu? Sanga lobi jeges do manjadi [[Paradilan|adil sanga inda adil]] (molo sasadaakak bisa lewat songoni sajo)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/republic.html|title=The Internet Classics Archive {{!}} The Republic by Plato|website=classics.mit.edu|access-date=25 April 2016}}</ref> sanga alak puna [[giot bebas]]?<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/freewill/|title=Free Will {{!}} Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy|website=www.iep.utm.edu|access-date=25 April 2016}}</ref>

Sacara historis, "filsafat" mancakup inti  sude parbinotian.<ref name="auto23">{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=philosophy|title=Philosophy|date=|website=www.etymonline.com|publisher=Online Etymological Dictionary|access-date=19 March 2016|quote=The English word "philosophy" is first attested to c. 1300, meaning "knowledge, body of knowledge."|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->}}</ref> Tingon jaman filsuf Yunani Kuno songon [[Aristoteles]] sampe abad pa-19, "[[filsafat alam]]" tarmasuk [[astronomi]], [[kedokteran]], dot [[fisika]].{{sfn|Lindberg|2007|p=3}} Contona, ''[[Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica|Prinsip Matematika Filosofi Alam]]'' kario [[Isaac Newton|Newton]] i taon 1687 i na sogot iklasifikasion manjadi buku fisika. I abad pa-19, parkombangan [[University|riset universitas]] modern mangobab filsafat akademik dot disiplin lain [[Filsafat kotemporer|tarprofesionalisasi]] dot terspesialisasi.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Scientific Revolution|last=Shapin|first=Steven|date=1 January 1998|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=6BIr19MTXAMC}}|publisher=University Of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-75021-7|edition=1st}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/01/11/when-philosophy-lost-its-way/?_r=0|title=When Philosophy Lost Its Way|last=Briggle|first=Robert Frodeman and Adam|website=Opinionator|access-date=25 April 2016}}</ref> I era modern, sadebana investigasi na sacara tradisional ima bagian tingon filsafat madung manjadi disiplin akademik na marsarak, sadebana iantarana [[psikologi]], [[sosiologi]], [[linguistik]], dot [[ekonomi]].

Investigasi lain na tarkait solkot dohot seni, sains, politik, dot piga-piga bidang lainna totop manjadi bagian tingon filsafat. Songon,  [[bagak]] i objektif sanga subjektif?<ref>{{cite book|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2014/entries/beauty/|title=Beauty|last=Sartwell|first=Crispin|date=1 January 2014|editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N.|edition=Spring 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loebclassics.com/view/plato_philosopher-greater_hippias/1926/pb_LCL167.335.xml|title=Plato, Hippias Major {{!}} Loeb Classical Library|website=Loeb Classical Library|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> Bahatdei [[metode ilmiah]] sanga umna sada maiai na adong?<ref>{{cite book|title=Against Method|last=Feyerabend|first=Paul|last2=Hacking|first2=Ian|date=11 May 2010|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=8y-FVtrKeSYC}}|publisher=Verso|isbn=978-1-84467-442-8|edition=4th}}</ref> Sanga [[utopia]] politik ni nipi namaaroptu sang umna delusi na sio-sio?<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/noz-poli/#SH3i|title=Nozick, Robert: Political Philosophy {{!}} Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy|website=www.iep.utm.edu|access-date=25 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/rawls/#H2|title=Rawls, John {{!}} Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy|website=www.iep.utm.edu|access-date=25 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Utopia|last=More|first=Thomas|date=8 May 2015|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=EZajAQAAQBAJ}}|publisher=Courier Corporation|isbn=978-0-486-11070-7|language=English}}</ref> Sub-bidang utamo filsafat akademik iantarana [[metafisika]] ("markaitan dohot sifat dasor realitas dot adingna"),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/metaphysics |title=Merriam-Webster Dictionary|website=www.merriam-webster.com|access-date=14 May 2016}}</ref> [[epistemologi]] (tontang "asal-muasal dot bidang parbinotoan [dot] ... balok dot kaabsahana" <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/epistemology |title=Merriam-Webster Dictionary|website=www.merriam-webster.com|access-date=14 May 2016}}</ref>), [[etika]], [[estetika]], [[filsafat politik]], [[logika]], [[filsafat elmu]], dot sejarah filsafat barat.

Sian abad pa-20, [[filsuf]] profesional markontribusi tu masyarakat tarutamo manjadi [[profesor]], paneliti, dot panulis. Tai, bahat kalai na mamparsiajari filsafat i program sarjana sanga pascasarjana markontribusi i bidang uhum, jurnalisme, politik, agama, sains, bisnis dot bahat kagiatan seni dot hiburan.<ref name="whystudyphilosophy.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.whystudyphilosophy.com/|title=Why Study Philosophy? An Unofficial "Daily Nous" Affiliate|website=www.whystudyphilosophy.com|access-date=2016-05-02}}</ref>
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== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Kategori:Filsafat]]
Filsafat (tingon saro Yunani , philosophia, sacara harfiah artianna "pangholong kabijaksanaan") ima kajian masalah umum dot mandasor tontang parsoalan songon eksistensi, parbinotoan, nile, akal, pikiran, dot saro.A.C. Grayling, Philosophy 1: A Guide through the Subject (Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 1: "The aim of philosophical inquiry is to gain insight into questions about knowledge, truth, reason, reality, meaning, mind, and value." Istilah on mungkin parjolo sanoli iobarkon ni Pythagoras (c. 570–495 SM). Metode na ipake i filsafat antara lain mambaen parsapaan, diskusi kritikal, dialektik, dot presentasi sistematik. Parsapaan filosofis klasik antara lain: Ahama nanamamungkinkon giot  mamboto sanga aha dot mambuktionna? Aha na paling nyato? Par filsuf juo mangajuon parsapaan na lobi praktis dot konkret songon: Adongdo cara tardeges giot mangolu? Sanga lobi jeges do manjadi adil sanga inda adil (molo sasadaakak bisa lewat songoni sajo) sanga alak puna giot bebas?

Sacara historis, "filsafat" mancakup inti  sude parbinotian. Tingon jaman filsuf Yunani Kuno songon Aristoteles sampe abad pa-19, "filsafat alam" tarmasuk astronomi, kedokteran, dot fisika. Contona, Prinsip Matematika Filosofi Alam kario Newton i taon 1687 i na sogot iklasifikasion manjadi buku fisika. I abad pa-19, parkombangan riset universitas modern mangobab filsafat akademik dot disiplin lain tarprofesionalisasi dot terspesialisasi. I era modern, sadebana investigasi na sacara tradisional ima bagian tingon filsafat madung manjadi disiplin akademik na marsarak, sadebana iantarana psikologi, sosiologi, linguistik, dot ekonomi.

Investigasi lain na tarkait solkot dohot seni, sains, politik, dot piga-piga bidang lainna totop manjadi bagian tingon filsafat. Songon,  bagak i objektif sanga subjektif? Bahatdei metode ilmiah sanga umna sada maiai na adong? Sanga utopia politik ni nipi namaaroptu sang umna delusi na sio-sio? Sub-bidang utamo filsafat akademik iantarana metafisika ("markaitan dohot sifat dasor realitas dot adingna"), epistemologi (tontang "asal-muasal dot bidang parbinotoan [dot] ... balok dot kaabsahana" ), etika, estetika, filsafat politik, logika, filsafat elmu, dot sejarah filsafat barat.

Sian abad pa-20, filsuf profesional markontribusi tu masyarakat tarutamo manjadi profesor, paneliti, dot panulis. Tai, bahat kalai na mamparsiajari filsafat i program sarjana sanga pascasarjana markontribusi i bidang uhum, jurnalisme, politik, agama, sains, bisnis dot bahat kagiatan seni dot hiburan.

 Referensi 

Kategori:Filsafat