Oseania
[[Barakas:Oceania-map.JPG|jmpl|250px|Peta kawasan Oseania]]
'''Oseania''' ({{lang-en|'''Oceania'''}}) adalah istilah nang mangacu kasabuah wilayah geografis atawa geopolitis nang tadiri matan babarapa [[kapulauan]] nang baandak di [[Samudra Pasifik]] wan sakitarnya. Oseania nintu adalah wilayah di Bumi (rancak dianggap banua) nang luas wilayah daratan paling halus wan jumlah populasi paling halus kadua imbah [[Antartika]].

Dalam artian himpit (nang didasari pada panjalajah asal [[Perancis]] bangaran [[Jules Dumont d'Urville]] tahun [[1831]], Oseania tadiri matan [[Polinesia]] (tamasuk [[Selandia Hanyar]], [[Melanesia]] (tamasuk mulai [[Maluku]] sampai [[Nugini]]) wan [[Mikronesia]]. Amun dalam artian luas Oseania jua maliputi [[Australia]] wan [[Indunisia]] bagian timur; tapi takana [[Japang]] wan [[Kapulauan Aleut]] jua dianggap masuk di kalumpuk Oseania.

Sabagian ganal wilayah Oseania tadiri matan nagara-nagara pulau nang halus. Australia adalah saiikungannya nagara kontinental, amun [[Papua Nugini]] wan [[Timor Leste]] adalah nagara nang baisi parbatasan tanah, dimana kaduanya babatasan langsung lawan [[Indunisia]].

Nagara-nagara Oseania mardika sasuai katantuan nang balain-lain di nagara panjajahnya, lawan mandapat aturan konstitusional nang bamacam-macam sasuai kaadaannya. Australia misalnya, adalah nagara nang tagabung dalam [[Pasamakmuran]], nang maakui Ratu [[Elizabeth II matan Britania Raya]] sabagai Ratu, amun [[Polinesia Perancis]] adalah sabuah ''pays d'outre-mer'' ("nagara luar nagari") [[Perancis]].

Manurut [[ekologi]], Oseania adalah saikung matan dalapan [[zona ekologi]] terestrial dunia. [[Zona ekologi Oseania]] nang maliputi Mikronesia, [[Fiji]] wan Polinesia kacuali Selandia Hanyar, Papua Nugini, [[Kaledonia Hanyar]], [[Kapulauan Solomon]] wan [[Vanuatu] nang tagolong zona ekologi Australasia.

== Etimologi ==
Istilah naya diulah ulih saurang suhu geografi bangaran [[Conrad Malte-Brun]], inya mangaraninya lawan ngaran Océanie tahun [[1812]]. Ngaran Océanie diambil matan kata [[Yunani|Bahasa Yunani]] ὠκεανός (ōkeanós), ocean.

== Kapadatan panduduk ==
[[Barakas:Polynesian Migration.svg|jmpl|400px|Peta Migrasi Panduduk Oseania]]
Sajarah kahidupan Oseania sampai wahini masih balum saluruhnya bisa dikisahakan. Panalitian panambayan manunjukakan bahwa panduduk Mikronesia wan Polinesia sacara kabahasaan wan genetis baisi kasamaan lawan panduduk asli Asia Tanggara, tautama nang tinggal di wilayah kapulauan. Sacara kabahasaan buhannya jua sabagai bagian panutur rumpun bahasa Austronesia. Lamun kapandudukan Melanesia wan Asutralia talangkap, lamun sacara panampilan atawa genetis wan linguistik tagulung balain matan urang Mikronesia wan Polinesia.<ref>[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/01/080118093728.htm Genome scan shows Polynesians have little genetic relationship to Melanesians.] ScienceDaily 23 Januari 2008.</ref>

Kajian linguistik manunjukakan sabuah aruh migrasi nang dipinandui sabagai teori "Karita Capat mauju Polinesia" (''Express Train to Polynesia'') atawa ''Out of Taiwan'' nang diusulakan ulih [[Robert Blust]] wan [[Peter Belwood]].<ref name=science1>{{cite journal| author = Gray, R. D. | coauthors = A. J. Drummond, S. J. Greenhill | date = 2009 | title = Language Phylogenies Reveal Expansion Pulses and Pauses in Pacific Settlement. | journal = Science | volume =  323 | pages = 479 - 483 | doi = 10.1126/science.1166858}}</ref> Di sisi lain, kajian genetika manunjukakan dukuran atas teori lawas barupa panyabaran matan Asia Tanggaran Daratan, imbah nintu manyabar matan wilayah [[Sumatra]] atawa [[Samanajung Malaya]] (dipinandui sabagai teori "[[Sundaland]]") nang diajuakan Oppenheimer. Teori naya jua didukung ulih kajian genetika [[babi]] wan [[ayam]], dua binatang naya dianggap dibawa ulih buhan imigran marga ditamuakan di babarapa wilayah di Oseania<ref>Chicken and Chips theory of Pacific Migration. ScienceDaily 30 Juli 2008.</ref><ref>Pig Study forces Rethink of Pacific Colonisation. ScienceDaily 13 Maret 2007.</ref>

{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #aaa; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:90%;"
|- bgcolor="#ECECEC"|
|- style="background:#ececec;"
! Ngaran [[rigional]] wan {{br}}taritural lawan bandira
! [[Daptar nagara manurut luas wilayah|Luas]]{{br}}(km²)
! [[Daptar nagara manurut banyak panduduk|Populasi]]{{br}}(perkiraan 1 Juli 2008)
! [[Daptar nagara manurut kapadatan panduduk|Kapadatan Panduduk]]{{br}}(per km²)
! [[Ibu kota]]
! [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2|ISO 3166-1]]
|-
| colspan=6 style="background:#eee;" |'''[[Australasia]]:'''<ref name="Australasia">The use and scope of this term varies. The UN designation for this subregion is "Australia wan Selandia Hanyar."</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Australia}}
| align="right" | 7,686,850
| align="right" | 22,028,000
| align="right" | 2.7
| [[Canberra]]
| AU
|-
| {{flag|Selandia Baru}}<ref name="nzpol">[[Selandia Baru]] is often considered part of [[Polynesia]] rather than [[Australasia]].<br /></ref>
| align="right" | 268,680
| align="right" | 4,108,037
| align="right" | 14.5
| [[Wellington]]
| NZ
|-
|colspan=6|''Teritori Eksternal Australia''
|-
| {{noflag|[[Kepulauan Ashmore dan Cartier]]}}
| align="right" | 199
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
|
|
|-
| {{flag|Pulau Natal}}<ref name="ccau">[[Christmas Island]] and [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]] are [[States and territories of Australia|Australian external territories]] in the [[Indian Ocean]] southwest of [[Indunisia]].<br /></ref>
| align="right" | 135
| align="right" | 1,493
| align="right" | 3.5
| [[Flying Fish Cove]]
| CX
|-
| {{flag|Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling)}}<ref name="ccau" />
| align="right" | 14
| align="right" | 632
| align="right" | 45.1
| [[West Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands|West Island]]
| CC
|-
| {{noflag|[[Kepulauan Laut Koral]]}}
| align="right" | 3
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| 
| 
|-
| {{noflag|[[Pulau Heard dan Kepulauan McDonald]]}}
| align="right" | 372
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| 
| 
|-
| {{flag|Pulau Norfolk}}
| align="right" | 35
| align="right" | 1,866
| align="right" | 53.3
| [[Kingston, Pulau Norfolk|Kingston]]
| NF
|-
| colspan=6 style="background:#eee;" | '''[[Melanesia]]:'''<ref name="Melanesia">Excludes parts of Indunisia, island territories in [[Southeast Asia]] (UN region) frequently reckoned in this region.<br /></ref>
|-
| {{flag|Fiji}}
| align="right" | 18,270
| align="right" | 856,346
| align="right" | 46.9
| [[Suva]]
| FJ
|-
| {{flag|Kaledonia Baru}} ([[Perancis]])
| align="right" | 19,060
| align="right" | 240,390
| align="right" | 12.6
| [[Nouméa]]
| NC
|-
| {{flag|Papua Nugini}}<ref name="pngaus">[[Papua New Guinea]] is often considered part of [[Australasia]] and [[Melanesia]]. It is sometimes included in the [[Malay Archipelago]] of [[Southeast Asia]].<br /></ref>
| align="right" | 462,840
| align="right" | 5,172,033
| align="right" | 11.2
| [[Port Moresby]]
| PG
|-
| {{flag|Kepulauan Solomon}}
| align="right" | 28,450
| align="right" | 494,786
| align="right" | 17.4
| [[Honiara]]
| SB
|-
| {{flag|Vanuatu}}
| align="right" | 12,200
| align="right" | 240,000
| align="right" | 19.7
| [[Port Vila]]
| VU
|-
| colspan=6 style="background:#eee;" | '''[[Mikronesia]]:'''
|-
| {{flag|Federasi Mikronesia}}
| align="right" | 702
| align="right" | 135,869
| align="right" | 193.5
| [[Palikir]]
| FM
|-
| {{flag|Guam}} ([[Amerika Serikat|AS]])
| align="right" | 549
| align="right" | 160,796
| align="right" | 292.9
| [[Hagåtña, Guam|Hagåtña]]
| GU
|-
| {{flag|Kiribati}}
| align="right" | 811
| align="right" | 96,335
| align="right" | 118.8
| [[South Tarawa]]
| KI
|-
| {{flag|Kepulauan Marshall}}
| align="right" | 181
| align="right" | 73,630
| align="right" | 406.8
| [[Majuro]]
| MH
|-
| {{flag|Nauru}}
| align="right" | 21
| align="right" | 12,329
| align="right" | 587.1
| [[Yaren District|Yaren]] <small>(''de facto'')</small>
| NR
|-
| {{flag|Kepulauan Mariana Utara}} (AS)
| align="right" | 477
| align="right" | 77,311
| align="right" | 162.1
| [[Saipan]]
| MP
|-
| {{flag|Palau}}
| align="right" | 458
| align="right" | 19,409
| align="right" | 42.4
| [[Melekeok]]<ref name="Palau">On 7 October 2006, government officials moved their offices in the former capital of [[Koror]] to Melekeok, located 20 km northeast of Koror on [[Babeldaob|Babelthuap Island]].<br /></ref>
| PW
|-
| {{flagicon|Pulau Wake}} [[Pulau Wake]] (AS)
| align="right" | 2
| align="right" | 12
| align="right" | 
| [[Wake Island]]
| UM
|-
| colspan=6 style="background:#eee;" | '''[[Polynesia]]:'''
|-
| {{flag|Samoa Amerika}} (AS)
| align="right" | 199
| align="right" | 68,688
| align="right" | 345.2
| [[Pago Pago]], [[Fagatogo, American Samoa|Fagatogo]]<ref name="ASamoa">[[Fagatogo, American Samoa|Fagatogo]] is the seat of government of [[American Samoa]].<br /></ref>
| AS
|-
| {{flag|Kepulauan Cook}} (Selandia Baru)
| align="right" | 240
| align="right" | 20,811
| align="right" | 86.7
| [[Avarua]]
| CK
|-
| {{flag|Pulau Paskah}} ([[Chili]])
| align="right" | 163.6 
| align="right" | 3,791
| align="right" | 23.1
| [[Hanga Roa]]
| CL
|-
| {{flag|Polinesia Perancis}} (Perancis) 
| align="right" | 3,961
| align="right" | 257,847
| align="right" | 61.9
| [[Papeete]]
| PF
|-
| {{flag|Hawaii}} (AS)
| align="right" | 28,311
| align="right" | 1,283,388
| align="right" | 72.8
| [[Honolulu]]
| US
|-
| {{flag|Niue}} (Selandia Baru)
| align="right" | 260
| align="right" | 2,134
| align="right" | 8.2
| [[Alofi]]
| NU
|-
| {{flag|Kepulauan Pitcairn}} ([[Britania Raya]])
| align="right" | 5
| align="right" | 47
| align="right" | 10
| [[Adamstown, Pitcairn Island|Adamstown]]
| PN
|-
| {{flag|Samoa}}
| align="right" | 2,944
| align="right" | 179,000
| align="right" | 63.2
| [[Apia]]
| WS
|-
| {{flag|Tokelau}} (Selandia Baru)
| align="right" | 10
| align="right" | 1,431
| align="right" | 143.1
| [[Nukunonu]]
| TK
|-
| {{flag|Tonga}}
| align="right" | 748
| align="right" | 106,137
| align="right" | 141.9
| [[Nukuʻalofa|Nuku{{Okina}}alofa]]
| TO
|-
| {{flag|Tuvalu}}
| align="right" | 26
| align="right" | 11,146
| align="right" | 428.7
| [[Funafuti]]
| TV
|-
| {{flag|Wallis dan Futuna}} (Perancis)
| align="right" | 274
| align="right" | 15,585
| align="right" | 56.9
| [[Mata-Utu]]
| WF
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| Total
| align="right" | 8,536,716
| align="right" | 35,669,267
| align="right" | 4.2
| rowspan=2 colspan=2|
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| ''Total tanpa daratan Australia''
| align="right" | 849,866
| align="right" | 13,641,267
| align="right" | 16.1
|}

== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}

== Itihi jua ==
* [[Daptar superbanua]]

== Pranala luar ==
{{commonscat|Oceania}}
* {{en}} [http://www.janeresture.com/ Jane's Oceania]

{{Oceania}}
{{bagiandunia}}
{{banua}}

[[Tumbung:Oseania| ]]
Oseania () adalah istilah nang mangacu kasabuah wilayah geografis atawa geopolitis nang tadiri matan babarapa kapulauan nang baandak di Samudra Pasifik wan sakitarnya. Oseania nintu adalah wilayah di Bumi (rancak dianggap banua) nang luas wilayah daratan paling halus wan jumlah populasi paling halus kadua imbah Antartika.

Dalam artian himpit (nang didasari pada panjalajah asal Perancis bangaran Jules Dumont d'Urville tahun 1831, Oseania tadiri matan Polinesia (tamasuk Selandia Hanyar, Melanesia (tamasuk mulai Maluku sampai Nugini) wan Mikronesia. Amun dalam artian luas Oseania jua maliputi Australia wan Indunisia bagian timur; tapi takana Japang wan Kapulauan Aleut jua dianggap masuk di kalumpuk Oseania.

Sabagian ganal wilayah Oseania tadiri matan nagara-nagara pulau nang halus. Australia adalah saiikungannya nagara kontinental, amun Papua Nugini wan Timor Leste adalah nagara nang baisi parbatasan tanah, dimana kaduanya babatasan langsung lawan Indunisia.

Nagara-nagara Oseania mardika sasuai katantuan nang balain-lain di nagara panjajahnya, lawan mandapat aturan konstitusional nang bamacam-macam sasuai kaadaannya. Australia misalnya, adalah nagara nang tagabung dalam Pasamakmuran, nang maakui Ratu Elizabeth II matan Britania Raya sabagai Ratu, amun Polinesia Perancis adalah sabuah pays d'outre-mer ("nagara luar nagari") Perancis.

Manurut ekologi, Oseania adalah saikung matan dalapan zona ekologi terestrial dunia. Zona ekologi Oseania nang maliputi Mikronesia, Fiji wan Polinesia kacuali Selandia Hanyar, Papua Nugini, Kaledonia Hanyar, Kapulauan Solomon wan [[Vanuatu] nang tagolong zona ekologi Australasia.

 Etimologi 
Istilah naya diulah ulih saurang suhu geografi bangaran Conrad Malte-Brun, inya mangaraninya lawan ngaran Océanie tahun 1812. Ngaran Océanie diambil matan kata Bahasa Yunani ὠκεανός (ōkeanós), ocean.

 Kapadatan panduduk 
jmpl|400px|Peta Migrasi Panduduk Oseania
Sajarah kahidupan Oseania sampai wahini masih balum saluruhnya bisa dikisahakan. Panalitian panambayan manunjukakan bahwa panduduk Mikronesia wan Polinesia sacara kabahasaan wan genetis baisi kasamaan lawan panduduk asli Asia Tanggara, tautama nang tinggal di wilayah kapulauan. Sacara kabahasaan buhannya jua sabagai bagian panutur rumpun bahasa Austronesia. Lamun kapandudukan Melanesia wan Asutralia talangkap, lamun sacara panampilan atawa genetis wan linguistik tagulung balain matan urang Mikronesia wan Polinesia.Genome scan shows Polynesians have little genetic relationship to Melanesians. ScienceDaily 23 Januari 2008.

Kajian linguistik manunjukakan sabuah aruh migrasi nang dipinandui sabagai teori "Karita Capat mauju Polinesia" (Express Train to Polynesia) atawa Out of Taiwan nang diusulakan ulih Robert Blust wan Peter Belwood. Di sisi lain, kajian genetika manunjukakan dukuran atas teori lawas barupa panyabaran matan Asia Tanggaran Daratan, imbah nintu manyabar matan wilayah Sumatra atawa Samanajung Malaya (dipinandui sabagai teori "Sundaland") nang diajuakan Oppenheimer. Teori naya jua didukung ulih kajian genetika babi wan ayam, dua binatang naya dianggap dibawa ulih buhan imigran marga ditamuakan di babarapa wilayah di OseaniaChicken and Chips theory of Pacific Migration. ScienceDaily 30 Juli 2008.Pig Study forces Rethink of Pacific Colonisation. ScienceDaily 13 Maret 2007.

 Ngaran rigional wan taritural lawan bandira Luas(km²) Populasi(perkiraan 1 Juli 2008) Kapadatan Panduduk(per km²) Ibu kota ISO 3166-1Australasia:The use and scope of this term varies. The UN designation for this subregion is "Australia wan Selandia Hanyar."  7,686,850 22,028,000 2.7 Canberra AU Selandia Baru is often considered part of Polynesia rather than Australasia. 268,680 4,108,037 14.5 Wellington NZTeritori Eksternal Australia  199   Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands are Australian external territories in the Indian Ocean southwest of Indunisia. 135 1,493 3.5 Flying Fish Cove CX  14 632 45.1 West Island CC  3      372      35 1,866 53.3 Kingston NF Melanesia:Excludes parts of Indunisia, island territories in Southeast Asia (UN region) frequently reckoned in this region.  18,270 856,346 46.9 Suva FJ  (Perancis) 19,060 240,390 12.6 Nouméa NC Papua New Guinea is often considered part of Australasia and Melanesia. It is sometimes included in the Malay Archipelago of Southeast Asia. 462,840 5,172,033 11.2 Port Moresby PG  28,450 494,786 17.4 Honiara SB  12,200 240,000 19.7 Port Vila VU Mikronesia:  702 135,869 193.5 Palikir FM  (AS) 549 160,796 292.9 Hagåtña GU  811 96,335 118.8 South Tarawa KI  181 73,630 406.8 Majuro MH  21 12,329 587.1 Yaren (de facto) NR  (AS) 477 77,311 162.1 Saipan MP  458 19,409 42.4 MelekeokOn 7 October 2006, government officials moved their offices in the former capital of Koror to Melekeok, located 20 km northeast of Koror on Babelthuap Island. PW  Pulau Wake (AS) 2 12  Wake Island UM Polynesia:  (AS) 199 68,688 345.2 Pago Pago, FagatogoFagatogo is the seat of government of American Samoa. AS  (Selandia Baru) 240 20,811 86.7 Avarua CK  (Chili) 163.6  3,791 23.1 Hanga Roa CL  (Perancis)  3,961 257,847 61.9 Papeete PF  (AS) 28,311 1,283,388 72.8 Honolulu US  (Selandia Baru) 260 2,134 8.2 Alofi NU  (Britania Raya) 5 47 10 Adamstown PN  2,944 179,000 63.2 Apia WS  (Selandia Baru) 10 1,431 143.1 Nukunonu TK  748 106,137 141.9 Nukualofa TO  26 11,146 428.7 Funafuti TV  (Perancis) 274 15,585 56.9 Mata-Utu WF Total 8,536,716 35,669,267 4.2 Total tanpa daratan Australia 849,866 13,641,267 16.1

 Referensi 

 Itihi jua 
 Daptar superbanua

 Pranala luar 

  Jane's Oceania