Waja tahan tagar
[[File:Inside detail of DEMACO DTC-1000 Treatment Center for Fresh Pasta Production (October 1995) 002.jpg|thumb|Waja tahan tagar dipakaibgasan kaparluan industri amun ada pakakas penting nang parlu awet wan diharagu tatap barasih]]

'''Waja tahan tagar''' atawa nang rancak dipinandui lawan ngaran '''Stainless steel'''<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Peckner|first1=Donald|title=Handbook of Stainless Steels|last2=Bernstein|first2=I.M.|publisher=McGraw Hill|year=1977|isbn=9780070491472}}</ref><ref name = CobbHistory2010>{{Cite book | authors = Cobb, Harold M. | year = 2010 | title = The History of Stainless Steel | location = Materials Park, OH | publisher = ASM International | isbn = 9781615030118 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=E30rCBeM8nkC | access-date = March 8, 2020}}</ref> kalumpuk lugam nang babahan dasar [[wasi]] wan [[Lugam campuran|campuran]] nang baisi paling kada kikira 11% [[kromium]],<ref name=Davis1994>{{Cite book | authors = Davis, Joseph R. (ed.) | year = 1994 | title = Stainless Steels | location = Materials Park, OH | publisher = ASM International | series = ASM Specialty Handbook | isbn = 9780871705037 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=OrlG98AHdoAC | access-date = March 8, 2020}}</ref><ref name = ISSFstaff_SSFamilyPDF_20200308>{{cite web | author = ISSF Staff | date = 8 March 2020 | title = The Stainless Steel Family | location = Brussels, Belgium | publisher = International Stainless Steel Forum | page = 1, of 5 | url = http://www.worldstainless.org/Files/issf/non-image-files/PDF/TheStainlessSteelFamily.pdf | access-date = 8 March 2020 | archive-date = 24 March 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160324085201/http://www.worldstainless.org/Files/ISSF/non-image-files/PDF/TheStainlessSteelFamily.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref> sabuting campuran nang kawa mancagah wasi jadi ba[[tagar]]<ref>Rust refers to hydrated forms of ferric oxide, that is, to the "reddish brittle coating formed on iron especially when chemically attacked by moist air", see ''Merriam-Webster.com'', ''op. cit.''</ref> wan jua maulah wasi tadi jadi tahan panas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rust|title=Definition of RUST|website=www.merriam-webster.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/corrosion|title=Corrosion &#124; chemical process|website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref> Bamacam janis waja tahan tagar baisi kandung palihan [[karbon]] (matan 0.03% sampai labih pada 1.00%),<!--IF YOU WANT TO ADD BACK THE "1.2%", ONLY DO SO WITH A SOURCE AS GOOD AS DAVIS (1994), AND THEN LIST BOTH NUMBERS AS REPRESENTATIVE OF THE LITERATURE.--> [[nitrogen]], [[aluminium]], [[silikon]], [[sulfur]], [[titanium]], [[nikel]], [[tambaga]], [[selenium]], [[niobium]], wan [[molybdenum]]<!--IF ADDING MORE ELEMENTS, PROVIDE SOURCE, AND ADD IN THE ORDER OF ATOMIC NUMBER.-->.<ref name=Davis1994/> Sapalih macam waja tahan tagar rancak diulah lawan talung buting angka, cuntuhnya adalah [[SAE 304 stainless steel|''waja tahan tagar 304'']].
 
[[Katahanan pangikisan|Katahanan matan pangikisan]] waja tahan tagar adalah hasil adanya kandungan kromium wan lugam-lugam campuran nang maulah [[Pasivasi (kimia)|pasivasi kimia]] nang malindungi bahan dasar matan sarangan pangikisan wan kawa [[bahan nang kawa mawagasakan sasaurang|mawagasakan sasaurang]] wayah ada uksigen.<ref name=Davis1994/> Katahanan pangikisan kawa ditingkatakan ka tingkat nang tatinggi lawan cara:
* maningkatakan bahan kromium nang ada ka tingkat di atas 11%;<ref name = ISSFstaff_SSFamilyPDF_20200308/>
* tambahan 8% atawa nang tatinggi lagi matan nikel;<ref name = ISSFstaff_SSFamilyPDF_20200308/> wan
* panambahan molybdenum (nang baguna gasan manambah katahanan matan [[pangikisan luang]].<ref name = ISSFstaff_SSFamilyPDF_20200308/>

Panambahan nitrugin maningkatakan jua lawan katahanan matan pangikisan luang wan manaikakan kakuatan mikanis.<ref name = ISSFstaff_SSFamilyPDF_20200308/> Jadi, banyak tingkatan waja tahan tagar nang baisi tingkatan kromium wan molybdenum gasan manyasuaiakan kaparluan matan waja tahan tagar tadi.<ref>Chapter 05: 
Corrosion Resistance of 
Stainless Steels https://www.imoa.info/download_files/stainless-steel/issf/educational/Module_05_Corrosion_Resistance_of_Stainless_Steels_en.pdf</ref>

== Efek bagi kasihatan ==
===Bamasak===
{{PAGENAME}} biasanya kada babahaya gasan kasihatan makhluk hidup, tapi sapalihan urang ada nang kada tahan kawa mandapati iritasi kulit maraga [[alergi nikel]] lawan sapalihan lugam tatantu.

{{PAGENAME}} manyarap nikel wan kromium dalam jumlah halus haratan bamasak.<ref>[http://healthybuildingscience.com/2013/11/22/safe-cookware-2/ Safe Cookware]</ref>

===Pangalasan===
Ada panalitian luas nang manampaiakan bahwa mahirup asap pangalasan waja tahan tagar maningkatakan risiku takana panyakit kanker (pasnya kanker paparu).<ref name="nickel_in_welding_fumes_1984_nih_gov">Langård, S. and R.M. Stern, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6398291 "Nickel in welding fumes--a cancer hazard to welders? A review of epidemiological studies on cancer in welders,"] 1984, ''[[IARC Scientific Publications]]'' 1984;(53):95-103, summarized on website of [[National Institutes of Health]], retrieved March 16, 2020</ref><ref name="cancer_incidence__1996_10_am_j_ind_med">Lauritsen, J.M., K.S. Hansen, and A. Skytthe: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8892541 "Cancer incidence among mild steel and stainless steel welders and other metal workers,"] October 1996, ''[[American Journal of Industrial Medicine]],'' pp.373-82, summarized on website of [[National Institutes of Health]], retrieved March 16, 2020</ref>

==Catatan Batis==
<references/>

[[Tumbung:Sains]]
Waja tahan tagar atawa nang rancak dipinandui lawan ngaran Stainless steel kalumpuk lugam nang babahan dasar wasi wan campuran nang baisi paling kada kikira 11% kromium, sabuting campuran nang kawa mancagah wasi jadi batagarRust refers to hydrated forms of ferric oxide, that is, to the "reddish brittle coating formed on iron especially when chemically attacked by moist air", see Merriam-Webster.com, op. cit. wan jua maulah wasi tadi jadi tahan panas. Bamacam janis waja tahan tagar baisi kandung palihan karbon (matan 0.03% sampai labih pada 1.00%), nitrogen, aluminium, silikon, sulfur, titanium, nikel, tambaga, selenium, niobium, wan molybdenum. Sapalih macam waja tahan tagar rancak diulah lawan talung buting angka, cuntuhnya adalah waja tahan tagar 304.
 
Katahanan matan pangikisan waja tahan tagar adalah hasil adanya kandungan kromium wan lugam-lugam campuran nang maulah pasivasi kimia nang malindungi bahan dasar matan sarangan pangikisan wan kawa mawagasakan sasaurang wayah ada uksigen. Katahanan pangikisan kawa ditingkatakan ka tingkat nang tatinggi lawan cara:
 maningkatakan bahan kromium nang ada ka tingkat di atas 11%;
 tambahan 8% atawa nang tatinggi lagi matan nikel; wan
 panambahan molybdenum (nang baguna gasan manambah katahanan matan pangikisan luang.

Panambahan nitrugin maningkatakan jua lawan katahanan matan pangikisan luang wan manaikakan kakuatan mikanis. Jadi, banyak tingkatan waja tahan tagar nang baisi tingkatan kromium wan molybdenum gasan manyasuaiakan kaparluan matan waja tahan tagar tadi.Chapter 05: 
Corrosion Resistance of 
Stainless Steels https://www.imoa.info/download_files/stainless-steel/issf/educational/Module_05_Corrosion_Resistance_of_Stainless_Steels_en.pdf

 Efek bagi kasihatan 
Bamasak
 biasanya kada babahaya gasan kasihatan makhluk hidup, tapi sapalihan urang ada nang kada tahan kawa mandapati iritasi kulit maraga alergi nikel lawan sapalihan lugam tatantu.

 manyarap nikel wan kromium dalam jumlah halus haratan bamasak.Safe Cookware

Pangalasan
Ada panalitian luas nang manampaiakan bahwa mahirup asap pangalasan waja tahan tagar maningkatakan risiku takana panyakit kanker (pasnya kanker paparu).Langård, S. and R.M. Stern, "Nickel in welding fumes--a cancer hazard to welders? A review of epidemiological studies on cancer in welders," 1984, IARC Scientific Publications 1984;(53):95-103, summarized on website of National Institutes of Health, retrieved March 16, 2020Lauritsen, J.M., K.S. Hansen, and A. Skytthe: "Cancer incidence among mild steel and stainless steel welders and other metal workers," October 1996, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, pp.373-82, summarized on website of National Institutes of Health, retrieved March 16, 2020

Catatan Batis

Tumbung:Sains