Ramadan
{{Terjemah|Indunisia}}
{{Infobox hari parai
|holiday_name = {{lang|ar|رمضان}} <br />Ramadan
|type =
|longtype = [[Islam|Kaagamaan]]
|image = Welcome Ramadhan.jpg
|image_size=250px
|caption = Sabuah bulan sawi kawa taitihi di atas puhun kurma wayah matahari tinggalam di [[Manama]], nang manandai kadatangan bulan Ramadan di [[Bahrain]].
|official_name =
|observedby = Umat [[Muslim]]
|begins = 1 Ramadan
|ends = 29 atawa 30 Ramadan
|date = Bamamacam (maumpati [[almanak Hijriah|almanak bulan Islam]])<ref name="ummalqura">{{cite web|url=http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura.htm|title=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia|access-date=7 Maret 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611040922/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura.htm|archive-date=11 Juni 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|date2017 = 27 Mei&nbsp;– 24 Juni (''[[kalender Islam#Saudi Arabia.27s Umm al-Qura calendar|Umm al-Qura]]'')<ref name="ummalqura">{{cite web|url=http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura.htm|title=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia|publisher=|accessdate=9 November 2015}}</ref>
|date2018 = 17 Mei&nbsp;– 14 Juni<ref name="ummalqura"/>
|date2019 = 5 Mei – 4 Juni<ref name="ummalqura"/>
|date2020 = 23 April setelah magrib (22 April untuk Mali; 24 April untuk Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, India, Iran, Maroko, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Afrika Selatan dan Sri Lanka)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.icoproject.org/icop/ram40.html?l=en |title=Islamic Crescents Observation Project (ICOP). |access-date=2020-03-04 |archive-date=2020-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728134426/http://www.icoproject.org/icop/ram40.html?l=en |dead-url=yes }}</ref>&nbsp;– 23 Mei (kemungkinan)<ref name="ummalqura"/>
|date2022 = 3 April hingga 1 Mei 
|celebrations = Komunitas [[sahur]], komunitas [[iftar]], dan komunitas [[salat]]
|observances =
* [[saum]] (puasa)
* [[jakat]] wan [[sadakah]]
* [[sambahyang Tarawih]] 
* [[badarasan]] [[Al-Qur'an]]
* [[caramah]]
* mahindari parangai kada baik
* mahias rumah
* mamasang tanglung 
* [[basambang]]
|relatedto = [[Hari Raya Pitrah]], [[Nuzululquran]], [[Lailatulqadar]]
|frequency=saban 12 bulan (almanak bulan)
}}
[[Berkas:هلال رمضان.jpg|jmpl|Hampatung bulan sawi dihiasi lawan warna-warni wan langkar ditarangi wayah bulan Ramadan di [[Yurdania]].]]
'''Ramadan'''<ref name="a">{{cite web |author = [[Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa]] |title = KBBI Daring |website = kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id |url = https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/Ramadan |year = 2016 |edition = 5 |location = Jakarta|ref = harv|access-date=2018-06-30}}</ref> ({{lang-ar|{{Script/Arabic|رَمَضَانُ}}|Ramaḍān}}, {{IPA-ar|ramaˈdˤaːn|IPA}}{{efn|Dalam pengucapan Arab, kata ini dapat diucapkan menjadi {{IPA|[rɑmɑˈdˤɑːn, ramadˤɑːn, ræmæˈdˤɑːn]}}, tergantung wilayah. Kata Ramadan diucapkan menjadi /ram.dˤaːn/ dalam pengucapan [[Maroko]].}}) adalah bulan kasanga dalam [[almanak Hijriah]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/ramadan_1.shtml|title=Ramadan|date=5 Juli 2011|website=BBC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728235749/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/ramadan_1.shtml|archive-date=28 Juli 2012}}</ref> wan dirayakan ulih umat [[Muslim]] di sabarataan dunia lawan [[puasa]] ([[saum]]) wan mamparingati wahyu panambaian nang turun gasan Nabi Islam [[Muhammad]] maumpat kayakinan umat Muslim.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/722486.shtml | title= Muslims worldwide start to observe Ramadan |work= The Global Times Online | year= 2012 |access-date= 28 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://newsfeedresearcher.com/data/articles_w30_3/ramadan-muslims-fasting.html |title= The Muslim World Observes Ramadan |work= Power Text Solutions |year= 2012 |accessdate= 28 July 2012 |archive-date= 2021-02-11 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210211042928/http://newsfeedresearcher.com/data/articles_w30_3/ramadan-muslims-fasting.html |dead-url= yes }}</ref> [[Puasa Ramadan]] merupakan salah satu dari [[rukun Islam]].<ref name="BBC 2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/religion/islam/ramadan.shtml|title=''Schools – Religions''|publisher=BBC|access-date=25 July 2012|archive-date=2012-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120827092420/http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/religion/islam/ramadan.shtml|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Bulan Ramadan balangsung salawas 29–30 hari badasarakan paitihan hilal, maumpat sapalih aturan nang tatulis dalam [[hadis]].<ref name="Bukhari">{{cite web |url= http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2466-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-124.html |title= Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 124. |first= AbdAllah-Muhammad |last= Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail |work= hadithcollection.com |accessdate= 25 July 2012 |archive-date= 2016-03-19 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160319042847/http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2466-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-124.html |dead-url= yes }}</ref><ref name="Muslim">{{cite web |url= http://hadithcollection.com/sahihmuslim/134-Sahih%20Muslim%20Book%2006.%20Fasting/10970-sahih-muslim-book-006-hadith-number-2378.html |title= Sahih Muslim – Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2378. |first= Abul-Hussain |last= Muslim-Ibn-Habaj |work= hadithcollection.com |access-date= 25 July 2012 |archive-date= 2016-05-23 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160523160912/http://hadithcollection.com/sahihmuslim/134-Sahih%20Muslim%20Book%2006.%20Fasting/10970-sahih-muslim-book-006-hadith-number-2378.html |dead-url= yes }}</ref>

Kata Ramadan berasal dari akar kata bahasa Arab ''ramiḍa'' atau ''ar-ramaḍ,'' yang berarti panas yang menghanguskan atau kekeringan.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://hadithcollection.com/sahihmuslim/134-Sahih%20Muslim%20Book%2006.%20Fasting/10952-sahih-muslim-book-006-hadith-number-2391.html |title= Sahih Muslim – Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2391. |first= Abul-Hussain |last= Muslim-Ibn-Habaj | work= hadithcollection.com |access-date= 25 July 2012}}</ref> Puasa Ramadhan dalam hukumnya merupakan [[fardu|''fardhu'']] (diwajibkan) untuk Muslim dewasa, kecuali mengalami halangan untuk melakukannya seperti sakit, dalam perjalanan, sudah tua, hamil, menyusui, [[Diabetes mellitus|diabetes]] atau sedang mengalami [[menstruasi]].<ref>Fasting (Al Siyam) – {{lang|ar|الصيام}} – Page 18, el Bahay el Kholi, 1998</ref> Kewajiban berpuasa pada bulan Ramadan turun pada bulan [[Sya'ban]] tahun kedua setelah hijrahnya umat Muslim dari [[Makkah]] ke [[Madinah]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/201201/ramadan.in.the.farthest.north.htm|title=Saudi Aramco World: Ramadan in the Farthest North|publisher=|access-date=16 June 2015|archive-date=2015-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204183609/https://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/201201/ramadan.in.the.farthest.north.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Bulan Ramadan diawali dengan penentuan [[hilal|bulan sabit]] sebagai pertanda bulan baru.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://islamqa.info/en/5842|title=How to pray and fast in countries where the day or night is continuous|publisher=|access-date=5 February 2017}}</ref>

Selama berpuasa dari pagi hingga petang, Muslim dilarang untuk makan, minum cairan apapun, merokok, dan berhubungan seksual. Selain itu, mereka diperintahkan untuk menghindari perbuatan dosa untuk menyempurnakan pahala puasa, seperti berkata hal-hal yang buruk (seperti menghina, memfitnah, mengutuk, berbohong) dan berkelahi.<ref>IslamQA, "It is not permissible for one who is fasting to insult anyone", URL: http://islamqa.info/en/37658</ref> Makanan dan minuman dapat disediakan setiap hari, yakni ketika sebelum Matahari terbit ([[Subuh]]) hingga terbenamnya Matahari ([[Magrib]]).<ref>Islam, Andrew Egan – 2002 – page 24</ref><ref>Dubai – Page 189, Andrea Schulte-Peevers – 2010</ref> Pendekatan spiritual (''[[taubat]]'') ketika bulan Ramadan ramai dilakukan.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2465-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-125.html |title= Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 125. |first= AbdAllah-Muhammad |last= Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail |work= hadithcollection.com |access-date= 25 July 2012 |archive-date= 2013-01-15 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130115170845/http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2465-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-125.html |dead-url= yes }}</ref> Berpuasa bagi Muslim saat Ramadan biasanya diikuti dengan memperbanyak [[salat]] dan membaca [[Al-Qur'an|Al-Quran]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.cmje.org/religious-texts/hadith/abudawud/006-sat.php |title= Sunan Abu-Dawud – (The Book of Prayer) – Detailed Injunctions about Ramadan, Hadith 1370 |first= Sulayman |last= [[Abu Dawud]]-Ibn-Ash'ath-AsSijisstani |work= Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement of The University of Southern California |access-date= 25 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2391-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-199.html |title= Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 199. |first= AbdAllah-Muhammad |last= Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail |work= hadithcollection.com |access-date= 25 July 2012 |archive-date= 2013-01-15 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130115170800/http://hadithcollection.com/sahihbukhari/64-Sahih%20Bukhari%20Book%2031.%20Fasting/2391-sahih-bukhari-volume-003-book-031-hadith-number-199.html |dead-url= yes }}</ref

== Jujuhutan ==

[[Tumbung: Islam]]
Ramadan (, ) adalah bulan kasanga dalam almanak Hijriah, wan dirayakan ulih umat Muslim di sabarataan dunia lawan puasa (saum) wan mamparingati wahyu panambaian nang turun gasan Nabi Islam Muhammad maumpat kayakinan umat Muslim. Puasa Ramadan merupakan salah satu dari rukun Islam. Bulan Ramadan balangsung salawas 29–30 hari badasarakan paitihan hilal, maumpat sapalih aturan nang tatulis dalam hadis.

Kata Ramadan berasal dari akar kata bahasa Arab ramiḍa atau ar-ramaḍ, yang berarti panas yang menghanguskan atau kekeringan. Puasa Ramadhan dalam hukumnya merupakan fardhu (diwajibkan) untuk Muslim dewasa, kecuali mengalami halangan untuk melakukannya seperti sakit, dalam perjalanan, sudah tua, hamil, menyusui, diabetes atau sedang mengalami menstruasi.Fasting (Al Siyam) –  – Page 18, el Bahay el Kholi, 1998 Kewajiban berpuasa pada bulan Ramadan turun pada bulan Sya'ban tahun kedua setelah hijrahnya umat Muslim dari Makkah ke Madinah. Bulan Ramadan diawali dengan penentuan bulan sabit sebagai pertanda bulan baru.

Selama berpuasa dari pagi hingga petang, Muslim dilarang untuk makan, minum cairan apapun, merokok, dan berhubungan seksual. Selain itu, mereka diperintahkan untuk menghindari perbuatan dosa untuk menyempurnakan pahala puasa, seperti berkata hal-hal yang buruk (seperti menghina, memfitnah, mengutuk, berbohong) dan berkelahi.IslamQA, "It is not permissible for one who is fasting to insult anyone", URL: http://islamqa.info/en/37658 Makanan dan minuman dapat disediakan setiap hari, yakni ketika sebelum Matahari terbit (Subuh) hingga terbenamnya Matahari (Magrib).Islam, Andrew Egan – 2002 – page 24Dubai – Page 189, Andrea Schulte-Peevers – 2010 Pendekatan spiritual (taubat) ketika bulan Ramadan ramai dilakukan. Berpuasa bagi Muslim saat Ramadan biasanya diikuti dengan memperbanyak salat dan membaca Al-Quran.<ref></ref

 Jujuhutan 

Tumbung: Islam