Pambarasih tangan
[[Berkas:Hand Sanitizer.JPG|ka|jmpl|200px|[[Palangan]] awam [[cacahar]] pambarasih tangan.]]

'''Pambarasih tangan''' ([[bahasa Inggris|basa Inggris]]: ''hand sanitizer'') adalah [[cacahar]] nang awamnya dipakai gasan mangurangi [[patogen]] di [[tangan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=hand sanitizer - definition of hand sanitizer in English {{!}} Oxford Dictionaries|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/hand_sanitizer|website=Oxford Dictionaries {{!}} English|accessdate=12 Juli 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918190157/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/hand_sanitizer|archivedate=18 September 2017}}</ref> Pamakaian pambarasih tangan lawan [[alkuhul]] labih dikatujui daripada [[babasuh tangan]] mamakai [[sabun]] wan banyu di bamamacam kaadaan di tampat palayanan kawigasan.<ref name=Bol2016>{{cite journal|last1=Bolon|first1=MK|title=Hand Hygiene: An Update.|journal=Infectious Disease Clinics of North America|date=September 2016|volume=30|issue=3|pages=591–607|pmid=27515139|doi=10.1016/j.idc.2016.04.007|quote=In 2002, the CDC released an updated hand hygiene guideline and, for the first time, endorsed the use of alcohol-based hand rubs for the majority of clinical interactions, provided that hands are not visibly soiled}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hirose |first1=R |last2=Nakaya |first2=T |last3=Naito |first3=Y |last4=Daidoji |first4=T |last5=Bandou |first5=R |last6=Inoue |first6=K |last7=Dohi |first7=O |last8=Yoshida |first8=N |last9=Konishi |first9=H |last10=Itoh |first10=Y |title=Situations Leading to Reduced Effectiveness of Current Hand Hygiene against Infectious Mucus from Influenza Virus-Infected Patients. |journal=mSphere |date=18 September 2019 |volume=4 |issue=5 |doi=10.1128/mSphere.00474-19 |pmid=31533996|quote=Marga bamamacam alasan, pambarasih tangan alkuhul sasain banyak dipakai jadi [[pambasmi kuman|diskuman]] daripada babasuh tangan lawan sabun wan banyu. Nyaman didapati, kada parlu banyu atawa handil pipa, wan kamanjurannya nang tabukti dalam mangurangi jumlah kuman halus adalah babarapa panyababnya.}}</ref> Pambarasih tangan rancaknya tamanjur mambunuh [[urganisma halus]] wan labih ditarima ulih tangan dibandingakan sabun wan banyu.<ref name=Boyce2002/> Walau kaitu, babasuh tangan musti tatap digawi lamun [[parigatan]] kawa tajanak atawa imbah mamakai [[jamban]].<ref name=WHO2015Use>{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = The selection and use of essential medicines. Twentieth report of the WHO Expert Committee 2015 (including 19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and 5th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children) | year = 2015 | publisher = World Health Organization | isbn = 9789240694941 | location = Geneva | author-link = World Health Organization | hdl = 10665/189763 | id = WHO technical report series ; no. 994 | issn = 0512-3054 }}</ref> Pambarasih tangan lawan lain alkuhul kada dianjurakan gasan dipakai sacara awam.<ref name=Bol2016/> Di luar tampat layanan kawigasan, kamanjuran pamakai pambarasih tangan jadi pangganti basuh tangan kada didukung ulih bukti nang baik.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=de Witt Huberts|first1=J|last2=Greenland|first2=K|last3=Schmidt|first3=WP|last4=Curtis|first4=V|title=Exploring the potential of antimicrobial hand hygiene products in reducing the infectious burden in low-income countries: An integrative review.|journal=American Journal of Infection Control|date=1 July 2016|volume=44|issue=7|pages=764–71|pmid=27061254|doi=10.1016/j.ajic.2016.01.045 |url=https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/2536608/1/TITLE%20PAGE%20Revision.docx}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Meadows|first1=E|last2=Le Saux|first2=N|title=A systematic review of the effectiveness of antimicrobial rinse-free hand sanitizers for prevention of illness-related absenteeism in elementary school children.|journal=BMC Public Health|date=1 November 2004|volume=4|pages=50|pmid=15518593|doi=10.1186/1471-2458-4-50|pmc=534108}}</ref> Pambarasih tangan tasadia dalam bantuk [[cacahar]] wan [[busa]].<ref name=Boyce2002/>

Pambarasih tangan lawan alkuhul rancaknya manian sapalih kambuhan [[isopropil alkuhul]], [[etanol]] (etil alkuhul), atawa [[1-Propanol|n-propanol]].<ref name=Boyce2002/> Tianan alkuhul 60 sampai 95% tabukti paling manjur.<ref name=Boyce2002/> Tagal, pamakaiannya musti bahati-hati marga kawa tasalukut.<ref name=Bol2016/> Pambarasih tangan lawan alkuhul manjur malawan bamamacam urganisma halus, tagal kada gasan [[spora]].<ref name=Boyce2002>{{cite journal|vauthors=Boyce JM, Pittet D, ((Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee)), ((HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force)) |title=Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings. Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America/Association for Professionals in Infection Control/Infectious Diseases Society of America |journal= MMWR. Recommendations and Reports |date=October 2002|volume=51|issue=RR-16|pages=1–45, quiz CE1–4|pmid=12418624 |url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5116.pdf }}</ref> Sapalih janis pambarasih tangan manian sanyawa kaya [[gliserol]] gasan mancagah kulimbit karing.<ref name=Boyce2002/> Janis lain alkuhul kawa manian [[benzalkonium klorida]] atawa [[triklosan]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Long|first1=Bruce W.|last2=Rollins|first2=Jeannean Hall|last3=Smith|first3=Barbara J.|title=Merrill's Atlas of Radiographic Positioning and Procedures|date=2015|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323319652|page=16|edition=13|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ow8mBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA16|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918190157/https://books.google.com/books?id=ow8mBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA16|archivedate=2017-09-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Baki|first1=Gabriella|last2=Alexander|first2=Kenneth S.|title=Introduction to Cosmetic Formulation and Technology|date=2015|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118763780|page=173|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tM_0BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA173|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918190158/https://books.google.com/books?id=tM_0BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA173|archivedate=2017-09-18}}</ref>

Alkuhul sudah dipakai jadi [[antisiptik]] paling kada wayah pamulaan tahun 1363 lawan bukti pamakaiannya wayah warih 1800-an.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Block|first1=Seymour Stanton|title=Disinfection, Sterilization, and Preservation|journal=Soil Science|volume=124|issue=6|date=2001|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9780683307405|page=14|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3f-kPJ17_TYC&pg=PA14|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918190157/https://books.google.com/books?id=3f-kPJ17_TYC&pg=PA14|archivedate=2017-09-18|bibcode=1977SoilS.124..378B|doi=10.1097/00010694-197712000-00013}}</ref> Pambarasih tangan lawan alkuhul sudah awam dipakai di Irupa matan tahun 1980-an.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Miller|first1=Chris H.|last2=Palenik|first2=Charles John|title=Infection Control and Management of Hazardous Materials for the Dental Team|date=2016|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323476577|page=269|edition=5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oySKCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA269|language=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918190157/https://books.google.com/books?id=oySKCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA269|archivedate=2017-09-18}}</ref> Pambarasih tangan lawan alkuhul diandak dalam [[Daptar Tatamba Mandasar Urganisasi Kawigasan Dunia]] ([[Urganisasi Kasihatan Dunia|WHO]]), wan marupakan tatambaan paamannya wan pmanjurnya nang diparluakan dalam sistim kawigasan.<ref name="WHO21st">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019 | year = 2019 | hdl = 10665/325771 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO }}</ref> Haraga iciran di [[nagara bakambang]] bakisar kikira US $ 1,40-3,70 par litar palangan.<ref name=WHO2015Use/><ref name=ERC2014>{{cite web|title=Alcohol, isopropyl|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=15&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|accessdate=8 December 2016|archive-date=22 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122005518/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=15&searchYear=2014|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

== Pamakaian ==

=== Masarakat awam ===
Gerakan Masyarakat Hidup Sehat (Germas) nang digalakakan ulih Kamantrian Kawigasan Ripublik Indunisia, mambari papadah pasal babasuh tangan. Pambarasih tangan lawan alkuhul dipadahakan wastu lamun kadada banyu wan sabun.<ref>{{Cite|author1=Ambarwati, E.R|author2=Prihastuti|journal=Celebes Abdimas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat|title=Gerakan Masyarakat Hidup Sehat (Germas) Mencuci Tangan Menggunakan Sabun Dan Air Mengalir Sebagai Upaya Untuk Menerapkan Perilaku Hidup Bersih Dan Sehat (Phbs) Sejak Dini|volume=1|number=1|issue-date=April 2019|pages=45-52}}</ref>

Wayah mamakai pambarasih tangan lawan alkuhul:

# Tuang pambarasih di sasabuting talapak tangan.
# Gusuk kadua tangan.
# Gusukakan pambarasih tangan di sabarataan pammukaan tangan wan jariji sampai mangaring.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/when-how-handwashing.html|title=Clean Hands Save Lives!|last=|first=|date=December 11, 2013|website=|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818165220/https://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/when-how-handwashing.html|archive-date=August 18, 2017|access-date=}}</ref>

[[Berkas:Automat do dezynfekcji rąk w 60-tysięcznym Tomaszowie Mazowieckim, w województwie łódzkim.jpg|jmpl|Pambarasih tangan utumatis.]]

== Jujuhutan ==
Pambarasih tangan (basa Inggris: hand sanitizer) adalah cacahar nang awamnya dipakai gasan mangurangi patogen di tangan. Pamakaian pambarasih tangan lawan alkuhul labih dikatujui daripada babasuh tangan mamakai sabun wan banyu di bamamacam kaadaan di tampat palayanan kawigasan. Pambarasih tangan rancaknya tamanjur mambunuh urganisma halus wan labih ditarima ulih tangan dibandingakan sabun wan banyu. Walau kaitu, babasuh tangan musti tatap digawi lamun parigatan kawa tajanak atawa imbah mamakai jamban. Pambarasih tangan lawan lain alkuhul kada dianjurakan gasan dipakai sacara awam. Di luar tampat layanan kawigasan, kamanjuran pamakai pambarasih tangan jadi pangganti basuh tangan kada didukung ulih bukti nang baik. Pambarasih tangan tasadia dalam bantuk cacahar wan busa.

Pambarasih tangan lawan alkuhul rancaknya manian sapalih kambuhan isopropil alkuhul, etanol (etil alkuhul), atawa n-propanol. Tianan alkuhul 60 sampai 95% tabukti paling manjur. Tagal, pamakaiannya musti bahati-hati marga kawa tasalukut. Pambarasih tangan lawan alkuhul manjur malawan bamamacam urganisma halus, tagal kada gasan spora. Sapalih janis pambarasih tangan manian sanyawa kaya gliserol gasan mancagah kulimbit karing. Janis lain alkuhul kawa manian benzalkonium klorida atawa triklosan.

Alkuhul sudah dipakai jadi antisiptik paling kada wayah pamulaan tahun 1363 lawan bukti pamakaiannya wayah warih 1800-an. Pambarasih tangan lawan alkuhul sudah awam dipakai di Irupa matan tahun 1980-an. Pambarasih tangan lawan alkuhul diandak dalam Daptar Tatamba Mandasar Urganisasi Kawigasan Dunia (WHO), wan marupakan tatambaan paamannya wan pmanjurnya nang diparluakan dalam sistim kawigasan. Haraga iciran di nagara bakambang bakisar kikira US $ 1,40-3,70 par litar palangan.

 Pamakaian 

 Masarakat awam 
Gerakan Masyarakat Hidup Sehat (Germas) nang digalakakan ulih Kamantrian Kawigasan Ripublik Indunisia, mambari papadah pasal babasuh tangan. Pambarasih tangan lawan alkuhul dipadahakan wastu lamun kadada banyu wan sabun.

Wayah mamakai pambarasih tangan lawan alkuhul:

 Tuang pambarasih di sasabuting talapak tangan.
 Gusuk kadua tangan.
 Gusukakan pambarasih tangan di sabarataan pammukaan tangan wan jariji sampai mangaring.

jmpl|Pambarasih tangan utumatis.

 Jujuhutan