Transplantasi paranakan
{{short description|Surgical procedure}}
'''Transplantasi paranakan''' adalah prosedur badah rahatan [[paranakan]] nang bigas [[transplantasi organ|ditransplantasiakan]] ka dalam urganisme nang paranakannya [[agenesis Müllerian|kadaada]] atawa bapanyakit. Sabagai bagian matan [[Reproduksi seksual|reproduksi seksual mamalia]] nang nurmal, paranakan nang garing atawa kada mungkin [[Implantasi (embrio manusia)|implantasi]] embrio nang nurmal, nang mampan jadi maulah [[Infertilitas binian|kada subur]] bini. Kajadian ngini dipinandui sabagai faktor uterus absolut [[infertilitas]] (AUFI). Transplantasi paranakan marupakan tatamba nang kawa dijadiakan pilihan gasan bantuk infertilitas ngini.

==Sajarah==

=== Studi ===
Rahatan 1896, [[Emil Knauer]] saikung urang Austria baumur 29 tahun nang bagawi di sabuting klinik ginekologi [[Wina]], manarbitakan studi panambaian kisah [[autotransplantasi]] ovarium nang mandukumintasiakan fungsi nurmal di [[kalinci]]. Ihwal ngini nang maulah panalitian kisah transplantasi paranakan rahatan tahun 1918.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Knauer |first=Emil |year=1896 |title=Einige Versuche über Ovarientransplantation bei Kaninchen |trans-title=An attempt at ovary transplantation in rabbits |language=de |journal=Zentralblatt für Gynäkologie |volume=20 |pages=524–8}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/humupd/3.3.267 |title=Transplantation in reproductive medicine: Previous experience, present knowledge and future prospects |year=1997 |last1=Nugent |first1=D. |journal=Human Reproduction Update |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=267–80 |pmid=9322102 |last2=Meirow |first2=D. |last3=Brook |first3=P. F. |last4=Aubard |first4=Y. |last5=Gosden |first5=R. G.|doi-access=free }}</ref>  <!-- originally read: "In 1896 Knauer published the first study of ovarian transplantation and Grigor've that lead to the investigation of uterine autotransplantation in 1918." removed "Grigor've" but the correct name should be added back in with the proper citation. See discussion page under "Grigor've or Grigor'ev?" --> Rahatan tahun 1964 wan 1966, Eraslan, Hamernik wan Hardy, di Pusat Medis [[Universitas Mississippi]] di [[Jackson, Mississippi]], adalah urang nang pamulaan manggawi autotransplantasi paranakan di satua [[Hadupan]] nang imbahnya baranak matan paranakan tadi.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=5948103 |year=1966 |last1=Eraslan |first1=S. |last2=Hamernik |first2=R. J. |last3=Hardy |first3=J. D. |title=Replantation of uterus and ovaries in dogs, with successful pregnancy |volume=92 |issue=1 |pages=9–12 |journal=Archives of Surgery |doi=10.1001/archsurg.1966.01320190011002}}</ref> Rahatan tahun 2010, Diaz-Garcia wan kawan bagawinya di Departemen Obstetri wan Ginekologi [[Universitas Gothenburg]] di [[Swedia]], manampaiakan kaya apa transplantasi paranakan [[allotransplantasi|alogenik]] panambaian nang bahasi di dunia di saikung tikus nang imbahnya baisi katurunan nang bigas.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Díaz-García|first1=César|last2=Akhi|first2=Shamima N.|last3=Wallin|first3=Ann|last4=Pellicer|first4=Antonio|last5=Brännström|first5=Mats|title=First report on fertility after allogeneic uterus transplantation|journal=Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica|volume=89|issue=11|pages=1491–1494|doi=10.3109/00016349.2010.520688|pmid=20879912|year=2010|s2cid=1188699|doi-access=free}}</ref>
Rahatan tahun 2023, labih pada 100 transplantasi paranakan hudah digaw wan sabanyak 50 bayi hudah diranakakan matan samunyaan dunia.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Brännström |first1=Mats |last2=Racowsky |first2=Catherine |last3=Richards |first3=Elliott G. |last4=Flyckt |first4=Rebecca |last5=Stillman |first5=Robert J. |last6=O’Brien |first6=Jeanne E. |last7=Ryan |first7=Ginny L. |last8=de Ziegler |first8=Dominique |date=June 2023 |title=Absolute uterine infertility a cornelian dilemma: uterine transplantation or surrogacy? |journal=Fertility and Sterility |language=en |volume=119 |issue=6 |pages=918–929 |doi=10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005|doi-access=free |pmid=37037300 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-22 |title=Woman receives sister's womb in first UK transplant |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-66514270 |access-date=2023-08-27}}</ref>

=== Kasus-kasus panting ===

==== Jirman ====
Kamungkinan lain di kasus nang jarang ada, saikung urang [[bakalamin dua]] wan [[bibinian transgender]] nang diranakakan lawan kalamin lalakian biar inya [[operasi mangganti kalamin]] nang kawa maulah [[puki]] sakira kawa jadi bibinian, pilihan gasan baisi paranakan kadada gasan buhannya. Artinya buhannya kada kawa batianan wan parlu maambil jalan lain sakira kawa jadi kuitan, bisa mamakai cara tradisiunal nang kaya [[basakian]] atawa cara alternatif nang kaya [[adopsi|maangkat anak]], [[manyumbang sel intalu]], atawa [[Pambawa Gestasional|pambawa batianan]]. Biar nang kaya ngitu, ada sabuting kasus transplantasi paranakan gasan saikung binian transgender nang digawi ulih seniman Denmark [[Lili Elbe]] (1882–1931). <ref name="Kroløkke Petersen Herrmann Bach 2019 p. 154">{{cite book | last1=Kroløkke | first1=C. | last2=Petersen | first2=T.S. | last3=Herrmann | first3=J.R. | last4=Bach | first4=A.S. | last5=Adrian | first5=S.W. | last6=Klingenberg | first6=R. | last7=Petersen | first7=M.N. | title=The Cryopolitics of Reproduction on Ice: A New Scandinavian Ice Age | publisher=Emerald Publishing Limited | series=Emerald Studies in Reproduction, Culture and Society | year=2019 | isbn=978-1-83867-044-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-NC-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT154 | access-date=2023-02-22 | page=154}}</ref> Inya manggawi ngini lawan harapan kawa baisi anak lawan gandaknya, inya  manggawi operasi transplantasi paranakan ngini rahatan 1931 baimbaian lawan [[vaginoplasty]] di Jirman pas baumur 48 tahun. Tagal imbah operasi nang digawinya tadi, inya timbul takana [[infeksi imbah operasi]] wan mati maraga 
[[gagal jantung]] talu bulan imbahnya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/people/lili-elbe-090815|title=Lili Elbe|website=Biography|language=en-us|access-date=2019-02-25}}</ref>

==== Arab Saudi ====

Cacubaan modern panambaian gasan transplantasi paranakan cungul rahatan tahun 2000 di Arab Saudi.<ref name="nytimes-saudi"/> Wafa Fageeh<ref name="nytimes-saudi"/> mantranplantasi paranakan matan pasien baumur 46 tahun
kapasien baumur 26 tahun nang paranakannya rusak maraga [[pandarahan]] imbah [[baranak]].<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1196/annals.1434.003 |title=Uterus Transplant |year=2008 |last1=Nair |first1=Anjana |last2=Stega |first2=Jeanetta |last3=Smith |first3=J. Richard |last4=Del Priore |first4=Giuseppe |journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |volume=1127 |pages=83–91 |pmid=18443334|s2cid=5100080 }}</ref> Maraga  pasien ngini paampihannya parlu banar maangkat paranakannya matan 99 hari. Tagal inya kana [[nekrosis]], lalu balum ada kasapakatan amun operasi ngini kawa disambat sukses atawa kada, biar paranakannya tatap bafungsi sapalihan waktu wan inya masih kawa [[haid]] dua kali. <ref name="nytimes-saudi">{{cite news| url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9F01EFDC1230F934A35750C0A9649C8B63 | work=The New York Times | title=Medical First: A Transplant Of a Uterus | first=Denise | last=Grady | date=March 7, 2002}}</ref> Angguta komunitas medis banyak nang baganangan lawan etika prosedur ngini.<ref name="Doi">{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1432-2277.2012.01438.x |title=The Montreal Criteria for the Ethical Feasibility of Uterine Transplantation |year=2012 |last1=Lefkowitz |first1=Ariel |last2=Edwards |first2=Marcel |last3=Balayla |first3=Jacques |journal=Transplant International |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=439–47 |pmid=22356169|s2cid=39516819 |doi-access= }}</ref>

==== Turki ====
Transplantasi paranakan nang maumpatakan pandunur nang hudah mati cungul di [[Turki]] pas 9 Agustus 2011; operasi ngini digawi ulih [[Ömer Özkan]] wan Munire Erman Akar di Rumah Sakit [[Universitas Akdeniz]] di [[Antalya]] gasan pasien baumur 21 tahun bangaran Derya Sert nang pas diranakakan kada baisi paranakan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20111010/health-fitness/turkish-woman-has-world-s-first-womb-transplant.388596 |title=Turkish woman has world's first womb transplant |date=10 October 2011 |publisher=timesofmalta.com |access-date=2012-11-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/9926041-revolutionary-womb-transplant-performed-in-turkey-worlds-first |title=Revolutionary 'Womb Transplant' performed in Turkey - World's First |publisher=Allvoices.com |access-date=2012-11-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=<!--[if IE 6]> <![endif]--> |url=http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/10/01/169542.html |title=World's first womb transplant in Turkey promises hope for women |publisher=Alarabiya.net |date=2011-10-01 |access-date=2012-11-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/doctors-hopeful-for-uterus-transplant.aspx?pageID=238&nID=12614&NewsCatID=373 |title=HEALTH - Doctors hopeful for uterus transplant |publisher=Hurriyetdailynews.com |date=2011-09-13 |access-date=2012-11-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trt-world.com/trtworld/en/newsDetail.aspx?HaberKodu=0222eb41-3a81-41b9-9123-2a256f5f2b31 |title=World's first uterus transplant performed in Turkey/TRT-English |publisher=Trt-world.com |date=2012-02-27 |access-date=2012-11-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=77268 |title=Turkish surgeons perform world's first uterus transplant &#124; Family & Health |publisher=World Bulletin |access-date=2012-11-21}}</ref> Amun kasus nang ngini, pasien mandapat hasil bagus nang lawas imbah operasi transplantasi paranakan ngini tarasaii haid wan imbah dua tahun inya kawa batianan.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.news.com.au/technology/sci-tech/womb-transplant-recipient-derya-sert-pregnant/story-fn5fsgyc-1226619553524 | agency=AAP | title=Womb transplant recipient Derya Sert pregnant | date=2013-04-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://shine.yahoo.com/healthy-living/womb-transplant-patient-derya-sert-is-pregnant--confirms-doctor-210119461.html|title=Yahoo Health|date=12 April 2013 |access-date=5 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/worlds-first-uterus-transplant-patient-pregnant-say-doctors.aspx?pageID=238&nID=44790&NewsCatID=373|title=World's first woman with uterus transplant gets pregnant - HEALTH|date=14 April 2013 |access-date=5 October 2014}}</ref> Rahatan batianan, sert malewati [[aborsi]] pas [[batianan|talu bulan batianan]] imbah [[duktur|mantri]]nya kada kawa mandangar [[pakambangan jantung]|bunyi jantung]], tagal ngini komplikasi nang biasa haja wan kadada kaitannya lawan transplantasi.<ref>[http://www.cnnturk.com/2013/turkiye/05/14/derya.sert.bebegini.kaybetti/707890.0/index.html Derya Sert'in gebeliği sonlandırıldı]. CNNTurk.com. {{in lang|tr}}</ref> Imbah batianan pulang maraga [[fertilisasi in vitro]] lawan batianan nang imbahnyaFollowing another pregnancy that was initiated with [[in vitro fertilisation]] wan imbah ditahani parak 28 minggu, pasien paampihannya kawa maranakakan bayinya pas tanggal 4 Juni 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/saglik/kadavradan-rahim-nakli-yapilan-derya-sert-anne-oldu/1890754|title = Kadavradan rahim nakli yapılan Derya Sert anne oldu|trans-title=Derya Sert, receiver of a uterus transplant from a cadaver, has become a mother|date=2020-06-26|publisher=[[Anadolu Agency]]|language=tr}}</ref>

==== Swedia ====
Pas 2012 di [[Swedia]], transplantasi paranakan panambaian matan uma ka anaknya tajadi.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal|last1=Brännström|first1=Mats|last2=Johannesson|first2=Liza|last3=Dahm-Kähler|first3=Pernilla|last4=Enskog|first4=Anders|last5=Mölne|first5=Johan|last6=Kvarnström|first6=Niclas|last7=Diaz-Garcia|first7=Cesar|last8=Hanafy|first8=Ash|last9=Lundmark|first9=Cecilia|last10=Marcickiewicz|first10=Janusz|last11=Gäbel|first11=Markus|last12=Groth|first12=Klaus|last13=Akouri|first13=Randa|last14=Eklind|first14=Saskia|last15=Holgersson|first15=Jan|last16=Tzakis|first16=Andreas|last17=Olausson|first17=Michael|title=First clinical uterus transplantation trial: a six-month report|journal=Fertility and Sterility|volume=101|issue=5|pages=1228–1236|doi=10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.02.024|pmid=24582522|year=2014|doi-access=free}}</ref> Transplantasi ngini digawi ulih [[Duktur|Mantri]] Swedia matan [[Rumah Skit Universitas Sahlgrenska]] di [[Universitas Gothenburg]] dikatuai ulih Mats Brännström.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Brännström|first1=Mats|last2=Diaz-Garcia|first2=Cesar|last3=Hanafy|first3=Ash|last4=Olausson|first4=Michael|last5=Tzakis|first5=Andreas|title=Uterus transplantation: animal research and human possibilities|journal=Fertility and Sterility|volume=97|issue=6|pages=1269–1276|doi=10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.04.001|pmid=22542990|year=2012|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Brännström|first1=M.|last2=Wranning|first2=C. A.|last3=Altchek|first3=A.|title=Experimental uterus transplantation|journal=Human Reproduction Update|date=7 November 2009|volume=16|issue=3|pages=329–345|doi=10.1093/humupd/dmp049|pmid=19897849|doi-access=free}}</ref>

Pas Uktubur 2014, dihabari amun ngini bayi nang bigas pamulaan nang diranakakan matan panarima transplantasi paranakan di dairah nang rahasiakan di [[Swedia]]. Jurnal medis Inggris ''[[The Lancet]]'' mahabarakan bayi lalakian tadi diranakakan di bulan Siptimbir, baratnya 1.8&nbsp;kg (3.9&nbsp;lb) wan abahnya manyambat anaknya "liwar bigasnya". Bayi tadi diranakakan sacara prematur rahatan hudah 32 minggu lawan [[Uparasi Sisar]], imbah umanya bamula kaya takana [[pre-eklampsia]]. Uma matan bayi tranplantasi paranakan ngini baumur 36 tahun, manarima paranakan ngini pas tahun 2013 matan pandunur baumur 61 tahun, di operasi nang di kapalai ulih Brännström nang marupakan profesor Obstetri wan Ginekologi di [[Universitas Gothenburg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-10-04/woman-has-baby-after-womb-transplant-in-sweden/5790726|title=Woman has healthy baby boy after womb transplant in Sweden|work=ABC News|date=4 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61728-1| pmid = 25301505| title = Livebirth after uterus transplantation| journal = The Lancet| year = 2014| last1 = Brännström | first1 = M. | last2 = Johannesson | first2 = L. | last3 = Bokström | first3 = H. | last4 = Kvarnström | first4 = N. | last5 = Mölne | first5 = J. | last6 = Dahm-Kähler | first6 = P. | last7 = Enskog | first7 = A. | last8 = Milenkovic | first8 = M. | last9 = Ekberg | first9 = J. | last10 = Diaz-Garcia | first10 = C. | last11 = Gäbel | first11 = M. | last12 = Hanafy | first12 = A. | last13 = Hagberg | first13 = H. | last14 = Olausson | first14 = M. | last15 = Nilsson | first15 = L. | volume=385 | issue = 9968| pages=607–616| hdl = 10072/141149 | s2cid = 20244453| hdl-access = free }}</ref> Binian tadi baisi ovarium nang bigas tagal [[Müllerian agenesis|diranakakan kada baisi paranakan]], kaadaan nang mampangaruhi saikung matan 4.500 binian. Prosedurnya mamakai embrio matan laboratorium, diulah matan ovum binian ngini lawan mani lakinya, nang imbahnya di rasukakan kadalam paranakan nang ditransplasikan tadi. Paranakannya bisa haja hudah rusak maraga uparasi sisar wan bisa haja kada kawa lagi amun batianan pulang nang kainanya. The procedure used an embryo from a laboratory, created using the woman's ovum and her husband's sperm, which was then implanted into the transplanted uterus. The uterus may have been damaged in the course of the caesarian delivery and it may or may not be suitable for future pregnancies. Tiga lapis rejimen A regimen of triple imunosupresi dipakai lawan [[takrolimus]], [[azatioprin]], and [[Kortikosteroid]]. Talu rundutan panulak nang lamah  cungul, sakali rahatan batianan, tagal barataan kawa haja ditatambai lawan tatamba. Sapalihan binian dihabarakan jua batianan rahatan tuh imbah transplantasi paranakan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-29516910|title=BBC News - Womb transplant couple 'had no doubt' of success|work=BBC News}}</ref>

==== Amerika Sarikat ====
Transplantasi paranakan nang panambaian ada di [[Amerika Sarikat]] cungul pas 24 Pibruari 2016 di [[Klinik Cleveland]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Brie |last=Zeltner |title=Cleveland Clinic introduces nation's first uterus transplant recipient |url=http://www.cleveland.com/healthfit/index.ssf/2016/03/cleveland_clinic_introduces_it.html |work=[[The Plain Dealer]] |date=2016-03-07 |access-date=2016-03-08 }}</ref> Kalumpuk ngini dikapalai ulih Dr Andreas Tzakis. Transplantasi gagal maraga kumplikasi nang dirahasiaakan pas 8 Maret wan paranakannya tadi umpat dipindah jua.<ref>{{cite news |first=Brie |last=Zeltner |title=Nation's first uterus transplant, performed at the Cleveland Clinic, fails |url=http://www.cleveland.com/healthfit/index.ssf/2016/03/nations_first_uterus_transplan.html |work=The Plain Dealer |date=2016-03-09 |access-date=2016-03-10 }}</ref> Rahatan April, buhannya bapadah [[kandidiasis]] hudah manyabar ka sabuting arteri nang mangganii maalirakan darah  ka paranakan nang ditransplansiakan, ihwal ngini imbahnya marusak artiri wan maulah darah bagumpal.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/09/health/yeast-infectionled-to-removal-of-transplanted-uterus.html |author=Denise Grady |title=Yeast Infection Led to Removal of Transplanted Uterus| work=The New York Times| date=April 8, 2016 |access-date=April 8, 2016}}</ref>

Rahatan November 2017, hudah diranakakan bayi nang panambaian matan transplantasi paranakan di Amerika Sarikat.<ref>{{cite news |first=Alexandra |last=Sifferlin |title=First U.S. Baby Born After a Uterus Transplant |url=http://time.com/5044565/exclusive-first-u-s-baby-born-after-a-uterus-transplant/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=2017-12-01 |access-date=2019-03-29 }}</ref> Bayi ngini diranakakan di [[Pusta Medis Universitas Baylor]] di Dallas, Texas, ulih Drs Liza Johannesson wan Giuliano Testa, imbah sabuting donasi paranakan matan pandunur hidup nang kada taarah.<ref>{{cite web|title=The first baby in the U.S. born via uterus transplant is here|date=December 2017 |url=http://time.com/5044565/exclusive-first-u-s-baby-born-after-a-uterus-transplant/|access-date=9 January 2018}}</ref> Bayi nang diranakakan matan donor transplantasi paranakan nang hudah maninggal cungul di klinik Cleveland pas bulan Juni 2019.<ref>{{citation |last1=Flyckt |first1=R. |last2=Falcone |first2=T. |last3=Quintini |first3=C. |last4=Perni |first4=U. |last5=Eghtesad |first5=B. |last6=Richards |first6=E.G. |last7=Farrell |first7=R.M. |last8=Hashimoto  |first8=K.
|last9=Miller |first9=C. |last10=Ricci |first10=S. |last11=Ferrando |first11=C.A.
|last12=D'Amico |first12=G. |last13=Maikhor |first13=S. |last14=Priebe |first14=D.
|last15=Chiesa-Vottero |first15=A. |last16=Heerema-McKenney |first16=A. |last17=Mawhorter |first17=S. |last18=Feldman |first18=M.K. |last19=Tzakis |first19=A.
|display-authors=3 |date=August 2020 |title=First birth from a deceased donor uterus in the United States: from severe graft rejection to successful cesarean delivery |journal=American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology |volume=223 |issue=2 |pages=143–151 |doi=10.1016/j.ajog.2020.03.001|pmid=32151611 |s2cid=212651317 }}</ref>

==Deskripsi==

===Prosedur===
Transplantasi paranakan dimulai awan uparasi maangkat paranakan pandunur. Cara manggawi ngini ada gasan satua, tamasuk primata wan nang tahanyar nih manusia.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Johannesson|first1=Liza|last2=Diaz-Garcia|first2=Cesar|last3=Leonhardt|first3=Henrik|last4=Dahm-Kähler|first4=Pernilla|last5=Marcickiewicz|first5=Janusz|last6=Olausson|first6=Michael|last7=Brännström|first7=Mats|title=Vascular Pedicle Lengths After Hysterectomy|journal=Obstetrics & Gynecology|volume=119|issue=6|pages=1219–1225|doi=10.1097/AOG.0b013e318255006f|year=2012|pmid=22617587|s2cid=9423625}}</ref><ref name="brannstrom">{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/humupd/dmp049 |title=Experimental uterus transplantation |year=2009 |last1=Brännström |first1=M. |last2=Wranning |first2=C. A. |last3=Altchek |first3=A. |journal=Human Reproduction Update |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=329–45 |pmid=19897849|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wranning|first1=C. A.|last2=Akhi|first2=S. N.|last3=Diaz-Garcia|first3=C.|last4=Brännström|first4=M.|title=Pregnancy after syngeneic uterus transplantation and spontaneous mating in the rat|journal=Human Reproduction|date=15 December 2010|volume=26|issue=3|pages=553–558|doi=10.1093/humrep/deq358|pmid=21159686|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Enskog|first1=A.|last2=Johannesson|first2=L.|last3=Chai|first3=D. C.|last4=Dahm-Kahler|first4=P.|last5=Marcickiewicz|first5=J.|last6=Nyachieo|first6=A.|last7=Mwenda|first7=J. M.|last8=Brännström|first8=M.|title=Uterus transplantation in the baboon: methodology and long-term function after auto-transplantation|journal=Human Reproduction|date=2 June 2010|volume=25|issue=8|pages=1980–1987|doi=10.1093/humrep/deq109|pmid=20519250|doi-access=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Dahm-Kähler|first1=Pernilla|last2=Wranning|first2=Caiza|last3=Lundmark|first3=Cecilia|last4=Enskog|first4=Anders|last5=Mölne|first5=Johan|last6=Marcickiewicz|first6=Janusz|last7=El-Akouri|first7=Randa Racho|last8=McCracken|first8=John|last9=Brännström|first9=Mats| display-authors = 8|title=Transplantation of the uterus in sheep: Methodology and early reperfusion events|journal=Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research|volume=34|issue=5|pages=784–793|doi=10.1111/j.1447-0756.2008.00854.x|pmid=18834335|year=2008|s2cid=20055019}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wranning|first1=Caiza Almen|last2=El-Akouri|first2=Randa Racho|last3=Lundmark|first3=Cecilia|last4=Dahm-Kahler|first4=Pernilla|last5=Molne|first5=Johan|last6=Enskog|first6=Anders|last7=Brännström|first7=Mats|title=Auto-transplantation of the uterus in the domestic pig (Sus scrofa): Surgical technique and early reperfusion events|journal=Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research|volume=32|issue=4|pages=358–367|doi=10.1111/j.1447-0756.2006.00426.x|pmid=16882260|year=2006|s2cid=8576480}}</ref> Paranakan nang hudah diangkat tadi imbah ngitu disimpan, misalnya gasan diantar ka andak urang nang manarima. The recovered uterus may need to be stored, for example for transportation to the location of the recipient. Studi kisah [[iskemia]] [[Terapi Reperfusi|reperfusi]] dingin manampaiakan amun katahanan iskemia kawa labih pada 24 jam.<ref name=brannstrom/>

Panarima kamungkinan parlu maliwati talu uparasi ganal. Pamulaan, inya parlu uparasi transplantasi. Amun kawa batianan sampai handak baranak, inya parlu [[uparasi sisar]]. Imbah panarima digaduh pakai [[imunosupresi|terapi imunosupresi]], habis tu imbah tuntung baranak [[histerektomi]] parlu digawi sakira terapi imunosupresi tadi kawa diampihakan.

==Adab==

===Kriteria Montreal===
Lain pada haraganya, transplantasi paranakan malibatakan [[adab medis]] nang ngalih. Prinsip [[Utunumi]] mangganii kagiatan ngini, sadangkan prinsip ''[[Primum non novere|Nang pamulaan, kada manyakiti]]'' balawan duwa transplantasi paranakan. Amunnya prinsip bamanfaat wan adil malihat kagiatan ngini rarawaian.<ref name="Doi" /> Sakira barataan prinsip tadi baakuran ''"Syarat Montreal gasan transplantasi paranakan nang baik wan baadab"'' dikambangakan di [[Universitas Mcgill]] wan ditarbitakan di ''Transplant International'' pas 2012.<ref name="Doi" /> Kriteria montreal marupakan sagarumbung syarat nang diparluakan amun handak manggawi transplantasi paranakan gasan manusia. Syarat ngini ditampaiakan pas acara Kongres ka-20 Federasi Internasional Ginekologi wan Kabidanan di Roma rahatan Uktubur 2012.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Lefkowitz A. |author2=Edwards M. |author3=Balayla J. |title=O081 the Montreal Criteria for the Ethical Feasibility of Uterine Transplantation | year = 2012 | journal = International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics | volume = 119 | issue = Supplement 3| page = S289 | doi = 10.1016/S0020-7292(12)60511-6 |s2cid=76584337 }}</ref> Pas 2013, ''"Syarat Montreal gasan transplantasi paranakan nang baik wan baadab"'' nang hudah dihanyari ditarbitakan di ''[[Fertility and Sterility]]'' wan hudah disaranakan gasan jadi standar internasiunal gasan manggawi transplantasi paranakan nang baik wan baadab.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.05.026 | volume=100 | title=Ethical considerations in the era of the uterine transplant: an update of the Montreal Criteria for the Ethical Feasibility of Uterine Transplantation | year=2013 | journal=Fertility and Sterility | pages=924–926 | author=Lefkowitz Ariel| issue=4 | pmid=23768985 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

Syarat gasan kundisi panarima, pandunur, wan buhan nang manggaduh bigasbuhannya isinya:
# Panarima marupakan binian asli, nang kawa manantuakan pilihan, nang kada baisi kontradiksi medis gasan transplantasi, baisi panyakit diparanakan nang kada disambuhakan lawan terapi wan baisi "kontradiksi sorang atau legal" gasan pilihan lain nang kaya [[uma gaganti]] atawa [[maangkat anak]]. Panarima parlu dipastiakan kawa jadi kuitan, kawa sacara psikologis ditiring wan panilaian, maasi haja lawan tim medis nang kaina manggaduhnya, wan paham risiku transplantasi tadi. Pas 2021, Syarat Montreal nang hudah dibaiki ditarbitakan di ''Bioethics'' duwa rancangan nang baadab gasan [[Sistem panantuan kalamin XY|urang nang baisi gen XY]] sakira kawa dapat transplantasi paranakan.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1111/bioe.12832 | volume=35 | title=The Montreal Criteria and uterine transplants in transgender women | year=2021 | journal=Bioethics | pages=326–330 | author1=Balayla J.| author2=Pounds P. |author3=Lasry A.| author4=Volodarsky-Perel A.|author5=Gil A.|issue=4 | pmid=33550647| s2cid=231862917 }}</ref>
#  The donor is a female of reproductive age with no contraindication to the procedure who has concluded her childbearing or consented donating her uterus after her death. There is no coercion and the donor is responsible and capable of making informed decisions.
# The health care team belongs to an institution that meets Moore's third criterion<ref>{{cite journal |author=Moore FD| title=Ethical problems special to surgery: surgical teaching, surgical innovation, and the surgeon in managed care|journal=Arch Surg |year=2000 |volume=135 | issue=1|pages=14–16 |doi=10.1001/archsurg.135.1.14| pmid=10636340|doi-access=}}</ref> regarding institutional stability and has provided informed consent to both parties. There is no conflict of interests, and anonymity can be protected unless recipient or donor waive this right.

==Jujuhatan==
{{reflist}}
Transplantasi paranakan adalah prosedur badah rahatan paranakan nang bigas ditransplantasiakan ka dalam urganisme nang paranakannya kadaada atawa bapanyakit. Sabagai bagian matan reproduksi seksual mamalia nang nurmal, paranakan nang garing atawa kada mungkin implantasi embrio nang nurmal, nang mampan jadi maulah kada subur bini. Kajadian ngini dipinandui sabagai faktor uterus absolut infertilitas (AUFI). Transplantasi paranakan marupakan tatamba nang kawa dijadiakan pilihan gasan bantuk infertilitas ngini.

Sajarah

 Studi 
Rahatan 1896, Emil Knauer saikung urang Austria baumur 29 tahun nang bagawi di sabuting klinik ginekologi Wina, manarbitakan studi panambaian kisah autotransplantasi ovarium nang mandukumintasiakan fungsi nurmal di kalinci. Ihwal ngini nang maulah panalitian kisah transplantasi paranakan rahatan tahun 1918.   Rahatan tahun 1964 wan 1966, Eraslan, Hamernik wan Hardy, di Pusat Medis Universitas Mississippi di Jackson, Mississippi, adalah urang nang pamulaan manggawi autotransplantasi paranakan di satua Hadupan nang imbahnya baranak matan paranakan tadi. Rahatan tahun 2010, Diaz-Garcia wan kawan bagawinya di Departemen Obstetri wan Ginekologi Universitas Gothenburg di Swedia, manampaiakan kaya apa transplantasi paranakan alogenik panambaian nang bahasi di dunia di saikung tikus nang imbahnya baisi katurunan nang bigas.
Rahatan tahun 2023, labih pada 100 transplantasi paranakan hudah digaw wan sabanyak 50 bayi hudah diranakakan matan samunyaan dunia.

 Kasus-kasus panting 

 Jirman 
Kamungkinan lain di kasus nang jarang ada, saikung urang bakalamin dua wan bibinian transgender nang diranakakan lawan kalamin lalakian biar inya operasi mangganti kalamin nang kawa maulah puki sakira kawa jadi bibinian, pilihan gasan baisi paranakan kadada gasan buhannya. Artinya buhannya kada kawa batianan wan parlu maambil jalan lain sakira kawa jadi kuitan, bisa mamakai cara tradisiunal nang kaya basakian atawa cara alternatif nang kaya maangkat anak, manyumbang sel intalu, atawa pambawa batianan. Biar nang kaya ngitu, ada sabuting kasus transplantasi paranakan gasan saikung binian transgender nang digawi ulih seniman Denmark Lili Elbe (1882–1931).  Inya manggawi ngini lawan harapan kawa baisi anak lawan gandaknya, inya  manggawi operasi transplantasi paranakan ngini rahatan 1931 baimbaian lawan vaginoplasty di Jirman pas baumur 48 tahun. Tagal imbah operasi nang digawinya tadi, inya timbul takana infeksi imbah operasi wan mati maraga 
gagal jantung talu bulan imbahnya.

 Arab Saudi 

Cacubaan modern panambaian gasan transplantasi paranakan cungul rahatan tahun 2000 di Arab Saudi. Wafa Fageeh mantranplantasi paranakan matan pasien baumur 46 tahun
kapasien baumur 26 tahun nang paranakannya rusak maraga pandarahan imbah baranak. Maraga  pasien ngini paampihannya parlu banar maangkat paranakannya matan 99 hari. Tagal inya kana nekrosis, lalu balum ada kasapakatan amun operasi ngini kawa disambat sukses atawa kada, biar paranakannya tatap bafungsi sapalihan waktu wan inya masih kawa haid dua kali.  Angguta komunitas medis banyak nang baganangan lawan etika prosedur ngini.

 Turki 
Transplantasi paranakan nang maumpatakan pandunur nang hudah mati cungul di Turki pas 9 Agustus 2011; operasi ngini digawi ulih Ömer Özkan wan Munire Erman Akar di Rumah Sakit Universitas Akdeniz di Antalya gasan pasien baumur 21 tahun bangaran Derya Sert nang pas diranakakan kada baisi paranakan. Amun kasus nang ngini, pasien mandapat hasil bagus nang lawas imbah operasi transplantasi paranakan ngini tarasaii haid wan imbah dua tahun inya kawa batianan. Rahatan batianan, sert malewati aborsi pas talu bulan batianan imbah mantrinya kada kawa mandangar [[pakambangan jantung]|bunyi jantung]], tagal ngini komplikasi nang biasa haja wan kadada kaitannya lawan transplantasi.Derya Sert'in gebeliği sonlandırıldı. CNNTurk.com.  Imbah batianan pulang maraga fertilisasi in vitro lawan batianan nang imbahnyaFollowing another pregnancy that was initiated with in vitro fertilisation wan imbah ditahani parak 28 minggu, pasien paampihannya kawa maranakakan bayinya pas tanggal 4 Juni 2020.

 Swedia 
Pas 2012 di Swedia, transplantasi paranakan panambaian matan uma ka anaknya tajadi. Transplantasi ngini digawi ulih Mantri Swedia matan Rumah Skit Universitas Sahlgrenska di Universitas Gothenburg dikatuai ulih Mats Brännström.

Pas Uktubur 2014, dihabari amun ngini bayi nang bigas pamulaan nang diranakakan matan panarima transplantasi paranakan di dairah nang rahasiakan di Swedia. Jurnal medis Inggris The Lancet mahabarakan bayi lalakian tadi diranakakan di bulan Siptimbir, baratnya 1.8 kg (3.9 lb) wan abahnya manyambat anaknya "liwar bigasnya". Bayi tadi diranakakan sacara prematur rahatan hudah 32 minggu lawan Uparasi Sisar, imbah umanya bamula kaya takana pre-eklampsia. Uma matan bayi tranplantasi paranakan ngini baumur 36 tahun, manarima paranakan ngini pas tahun 2013 matan pandunur baumur 61 tahun, di operasi nang di kapalai ulih Brännström nang marupakan profesor Obstetri wan Ginekologi di Universitas Gothenburg. Binian tadi baisi ovarium nang bigas tagal diranakakan kada baisi paranakan, kaadaan nang mampangaruhi saikung matan 4.500 binian. Prosedurnya mamakai embrio matan laboratorium, diulah matan ovum binian ngini lawan mani lakinya, nang imbahnya di rasukakan kadalam paranakan nang ditransplasikan tadi. Paranakannya bisa haja hudah rusak maraga uparasi sisar wan bisa haja kada kawa lagi amun batianan pulang nang kainanya. The procedure used an embryo from a laboratory, created using the woman's ovum and her husband's sperm, which was then implanted into the transplanted uterus. The uterus may have been damaged in the course of the caesarian delivery and it may or may not be suitable for future pregnancies. Tiga lapis rejimen A regimen of triple imunosupresi dipakai lawan takrolimus, azatioprin, and Kortikosteroid. Talu rundutan panulak nang lamah  cungul, sakali rahatan batianan, tagal barataan kawa haja ditatambai lawan tatamba. Sapalihan binian dihabarakan jua batianan rahatan tuh imbah transplantasi paranakan.

 Amerika Sarikat 
Transplantasi paranakan nang panambaian ada di Amerika Sarikat cungul pas 24 Pibruari 2016 di Klinik Cleveland. Kalumpuk ngini dikapalai ulih Dr Andreas Tzakis. Transplantasi gagal maraga kumplikasi nang dirahasiaakan pas 8 Maret wan paranakannya tadi umpat dipindah jua. Rahatan April, buhannya bapadah kandidiasis hudah manyabar ka sabuting arteri nang mangganii maalirakan darah  ka paranakan nang ditransplansiakan, ihwal ngini imbahnya marusak artiri wan maulah darah bagumpal.

Rahatan November 2017, hudah diranakakan bayi nang panambaian matan transplantasi paranakan di Amerika Sarikat. Bayi ngini diranakakan di Pusta Medis Universitas Baylor di Dallas, Texas, ulih Drs Liza Johannesson wan Giuliano Testa, imbah sabuting donasi paranakan matan pandunur hidup nang kada taarah. Bayi nang diranakakan matan donor transplantasi paranakan nang hudah maninggal cungul di klinik Cleveland pas bulan Juni 2019.

Deskripsi

Prosedur
Transplantasi paranakan dimulai awan uparasi maangkat paranakan pandunur. Cara manggawi ngini ada gasan satua, tamasuk primata wan nang tahanyar nih manusia. Paranakan nang hudah diangkat tadi imbah ngitu disimpan, misalnya gasan diantar ka andak urang nang manarima. The recovered uterus may need to be stored, for example for transportation to the location of the recipient. Studi kisah iskemia reperfusi dingin manampaiakan amun katahanan iskemia kawa labih pada 24 jam.

Panarima kamungkinan parlu maliwati talu uparasi ganal. Pamulaan, inya parlu uparasi transplantasi. Amun kawa batianan sampai handak baranak, inya parlu uparasi sisar. Imbah panarima digaduh pakai terapi imunosupresi, habis tu imbah tuntung baranak histerektomi parlu digawi sakira terapi imunosupresi tadi kawa diampihakan.

Adab

Kriteria Montreal
Lain pada haraganya, transplantasi paranakan malibatakan adab medis nang ngalih. Prinsip Utunumi mangganii kagiatan ngini, sadangkan prinsip Nang pamulaan, kada manyakiti balawan duwa transplantasi paranakan. Amunnya prinsip bamanfaat wan adil malihat kagiatan ngini rarawaian. Sakira barataan prinsip tadi baakuran "Syarat Montreal gasan transplantasi paranakan nang baik wan baadab" dikambangakan di Universitas Mcgill wan ditarbitakan di Transplant International pas 2012. Kriteria montreal marupakan sagarumbung syarat nang diparluakan amun handak manggawi transplantasi paranakan gasan manusia. Syarat ngini ditampaiakan pas acara Kongres ka-20 Federasi Internasional Ginekologi wan Kabidanan di Roma rahatan Uktubur 2012. Pas 2013, "Syarat Montreal gasan transplantasi paranakan nang baik wan baadab" nang hudah dihanyari ditarbitakan di Fertility and Sterility wan hudah disaranakan gasan jadi standar internasiunal gasan manggawi transplantasi paranakan nang baik wan baadab.

Syarat gasan kundisi panarima, pandunur, wan buhan nang manggaduh bigasbuhannya isinya:
 Panarima marupakan binian asli, nang kawa manantuakan pilihan, nang kada baisi kontradiksi medis gasan transplantasi, baisi panyakit diparanakan nang kada disambuhakan lawan terapi wan baisi "kontradiksi sorang atau legal" gasan pilihan lain nang kaya uma gaganti atawa maangkat anak. Panarima parlu dipastiakan kawa jadi kuitan, kawa sacara psikologis ditiring wan panilaian, maasi haja lawan tim medis nang kaina manggaduhnya, wan paham risiku transplantasi tadi. Pas 2021, Syarat Montreal nang hudah dibaiki ditarbitakan di Bioethics duwa rancangan nang baadab gasan urang nang baisi gen XY sakira kawa dapat transplantasi paranakan.
  The donor is a female of reproductive age with no contraindication to the procedure who has concluded her childbearing or consented donating her uterus after her death. There is no coercion and the donor is responsible and capable of making informed decisions.
 The health care team belongs to an institution that meets Moore's third criterion regarding institutional stability and has provided informed consent to both parties. There is no conflict of interests, and anonymity can be protected unless recipient or donor waive this right.

Jujuhatan