Kakhalifahan Rasyidin
{{infobox former country
| native_name = {{lang|ar|الخلافة الراشدة}}
| conventional_long_name = Kekhalifahan Rasyidin
| common_name = Rasyidin
| government_type = [[Khilafah]]
| year_start = 632
| year_end                = 661
| p1                = Nagara Madinah
| p2                = Kakaisaran Rumawi Timur
| image_p2                = [[File:Byzantine Calvary cross potent (transparent).png|14px|link=Kakaisaran Rumawi Timur]]
| p3                = Kakaisaran Sasaniyah
| flag_p3                = Derafsh Kaviani flag of the late Sassanid Empire.svg
| p4                = Ghassaniyah
| flag_s1                = Flag of the Umayyad Alternate.svg
| s1                = Kakhalifahan Umayyah
| image_map                = Mohammad adil-Rashidun-empire-at-its-peak-close.PNG
| image_map_caption                = Kakhalifahan Rayidun mencapai puncaknya di bawah Khalifah [[Utsman]], pada tahun 654.
| title_leader                = [[Khalifah]]
| leader1                = [[Abu Bakar]]
| year_leader1                = 632–634
| leader2                = [[Umar]]
| year_leader2                = 634–644
| leader3                = [[Utsman]]
| year_leader3                = 644–656
| leader4                = [[Ali]]
| year_leader4                = 656–661
| capital                = [[Madinah]] (632–656)<br>[[Kufah]] (656–661)
| common_languages                = [[Bahasa Arab Klasik|Arab Klasik]]
| religion                = [[Islam]]
| currency                = [[Dinar]]<br/>[[Dirham]]
| stat_year1                = 655
| ref_area1                = <ref>{{cite journal|date=September 1997|title=Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia|journal=[[International Studies Quarterly]]|volume=41|issue=3|page=495|doi=10.1111/0020-8833.00053|author=Rein Taagepera|author-link=Rein Taagepera|jstor=2600793|url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3cn68807|access-date=2021-09-28|archive-date=2018-11-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119114740/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cn68807|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| stat_area1                = 6400000
| stat_pop1                = 40.300.000
| footnotes                = 
| flag_p1                = BlackFlag.svg
| flag_p4                = Banu Ghassan Flag (16).png
| p5                = Eksarkatus Afrika
| area_km2                = 
| today                = 
| established_event1                = 
| established_date1                = 
| established                = 8 Juni 632
}}
'''Kakhalifahan Rasyidin''' tu [[Khalifah|kakhalifahan]] [[Islam]] nang badiri sataan pang maninggal nya nabi Islam [[Muhammad]] pada tahun 632 M, hataw tahun ka-11 H. Kakhalifahan ini tadiri hatas hampat khalifah patama dalam sajarah islam, nang disabut sajadi ''[[khulafaur rasyidin]]''. pada puncak kajayaannya, kakhalifahan rasyidin mambantang dari [[Jazirah Arab]], sampai ke livant (wayah ini [[Suriah]]), kaukasus awan [[afrika utara]] di barat, sarta sampai ke dataran tinggi [[iran]] awan [[Asia Tangah]] di timur.<ref>{{citation |title=A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period |first=Jamil M. |last=Abun-Nasr |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, New York, Melbourne |year=1987 |isbn=0-521-33767-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jdlKbZ46YYkC |accessdate=2022-07-07 |archive-date=2020-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902071518/https://books.google.com/books?id=jdlKbZ46YYkC |dead-url=no }}</ref>

Kakhalifahan Rasyidin dicirikan uleh pariode akspansi militer nang laju hatan dua puluh lima tahun nang diumpati awan pariode paselisihan internal salama lima tahun. Tantara rasyidin bajuman pang labih dari 100.000 urang pas puncak nya. Kaampat khalifah rasyidin ni dipilih awan badan pamilihan halus nang tadiri dari angguta takamuka dari konfederasi [[suku Quraisy]] nang dikiau sajafi syūrā (bahasa Arab: الشورى, translit. kunsultasi‎).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Bosworth|first1=C.E.|author1-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth|last2=Marín|first2=Manuela|last3=Ayalon|first3=A.|date=1960–2007|title=Shūrā|editor1-last=Bearman|editor1-first=P.|editor1-link=Peri Bearman|editor2-last=Bianquis|editor2-first=Th.|editor2-link=Thierry Bianquis|editor3-last=Bosworth|editor3-first=C.E.|editor4-last=van Donzel|editor4-first=E.|editor4-link=Emeri Johannes van Donzel|editor5-last=Heinrichs|editor5-first=W.P.|editor5-link=Wolfhart Heinrichs|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1063}}</ref>

== Khalifah ==
=== Abu Bakar ===
{{Main|Abu Bakar}}
==== manjadi khalifah ====
sataan pang kamatian Nabi Islam Muhammad, para sahabat nya bamusyawarah di Saqifah Bani Saidah tantang siapa nang akan manggantikan inya dalam mamimpin nagara islam.<ref>{{harvnb|Madelung|1997}}, p. [https://archive.org/details/TheSuccessionToMuhammadByWilferdMadelung/page/n50 31].</ref> Pada awalnya, kaum anshar mausulkan Saad bin Ubadah; nang lain-nya mahandaki adanya dua pamimpin, dari muhajirin awan anshar. Abu bakar maingatkan bubuhan nya, bahwa muhammad barasal dari muhajirin, awan pangganti-nya harus barasal dari muhajirin jua; Abu bakar mausulkan antara Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah ataw Umar bin Khattab. Tatapi, Umar maan pang mambai'at (''bajanji satia'') awan Abu Bakar, diikuti uleh Abu Ubaidah awan saluruh muslim nang ada disana.<ref name="Triana 159">{{Cite book |last=Triana |first=María |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VC4lDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA159 |title=Managing Diversity in Organizations: A Global Perspective |date=2017 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781317423683 |pages=159 |language=en |access-date=2022-07-04 |archive-date=2021-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227045947/https://books.google.com/books?id=VC4lDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA159 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

==== Masa kakhalifahan ====
Pada masa kapamimpinannya, tadapat banyak nabi palsu nang kaluar, Abu bakar mangirim pasukan gasan mambasmi bubuhan nya. Tadapat pula goloŋan nang kada handak mambayar zakat, Abu bakar jua mangirim pasukan gasan mangajak bubuhan nya manunaikan zakat, apabila bubuhan nya kada handak, bubuhan nya hakan diparangi.
 
Abu Bakar maninggal dunia ulih sakit di rumahnya pada tahun 13 hijriyah hataw 634 masehi.<ref name="FitzpatrickWalkerP3">Coeli Fitzpatrick, Adam Hani Walker ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2014), p. 3 [https://books.google.com/books?id=2AtvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA186] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730230417/https://books.google.com/books?id=2AtvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA186|date=2017-07-30}}</ref>

=== Umar bin Khattab ===
{{Main|Umar}}
Sabalum Abu bakar maninggal dunia, inya sampat bawasiat hagar manunjuk Umar bin Khattab sajadi panggantinya
 
Umar mamimpin kakhalifahan salama sapuluh tahun. Inya mulai manjabat pada tahun 634 sampai 644 masehi, ataw tahun 13 sampaj 23 hijriyah. Umar tu urang nang partama kali mambantuk sistem pamarintahan hislam awan manunjuk babarapa badan (''diwan'') nang batugas khusus di bidang susial awan pulitik.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Vidani|first=Peter|title="Ameer al-Mu'mineen"|url=https://umaribnalkhattab.tumblr.com/post/36103920199/ameer-al-mumineen|access-date=2021-08-17|website=Umar ibn Al-Khattab (radiAllahu anhu)|date=19 November 2012|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Life of Umar Ibn Al-Khattab|url=https://iccuk.org/media/khutbas/Life%20of%20%27Umar%20Ibn%20al-Khattab.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011214714/http://iccuk.org/media/khutbas/Life%20of%20%27Umar%20Ibn%20al-Khattab.pdf |archive-date=2011-10-11 }}</ref>
 
Pada masa kakhalifahan Umar, wilayah kakhalifahan Rasyidin samakin maluas dikarana akan akspansi militer nang dilakukan nya. Wilayah kakhalifahan maliputi saluruh Jazirah Arab, Karajaan Sasaniya, Masir, Palistina, hingga Kauskasus.
 
Umar dibunuh saat mamimpin shalat subuh pada 644 masehi. Inya dibunuh uleh saurang budak pirsia, Abu Lu'lu'ah.

=== Utsman bin Affan ===
{{Main|Utsman}}
Sataan pang maninggalnya umar, anam urang nang ditunjuk uleh umar sabalumnya bamusyawarah, siapa nang handak dijadikan khalifah sahabis umar. Hasil musyawarahnya ialah maangkat Utsman bin Affan manjadi khalifah katiga.

Utsman maninggal dunia karana dibunuh uleh pambarontak nagara hatan wayah inya mambaca al-Qur'an di rumahnya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.writerinislam.blogspot.com/2005/11/uthman-ibn-affan-man-with-two-lights.html|title='Uthman ibn 'Affan : The Man With Two Lights (Part Two)|first=Amatullah|last=A|date=29 November 2005|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071109144132/http://www.writerinislam.blogspot.com/2005/11/uthman-ibn-affan-man-with-two-lights.html|archive-date=9 November 2007}}</ref>

=== Ali bin Abi Thalib ===
{{Main|Ali}}
Satan pang dibunuhnya Utsman, sapupu Muhammad, Ali bin Abi Thalib dilantik manjadi khalifah untuk maakhiri perang saudara.{{sfn|Donner|2010}}{{sfn|Netton|2013}}{{sfn|Madelung|1997|page=129}}

Ali dibunuh hatan maimami shalat subuh di kufah. anaknya, Hasan bin Ali ditunjuk sabagai pangganti samantara abahnya. Hasan lalu maadakan janji damai awan Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan dan mambarikan kakuasaan gasan Muawiyah. Hasan lalu dibunuh, dan Muawiyah mandirikan nagara kakhalifahan kadua, Kakhalifahan Umayyah.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first=Wilferd |last=Madelung |author-link=Wilferd Madelung |title=ḤASAN B. ʿALI B. ABI ṬĀLEB |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] |year=2003 |publisher=[[Encyclopedia Iranica Foundation]] |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hasan-b-ali |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131117041057/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hasan-b-ali |archive-date=17 November 2013}}</ref>

== Jajuhutan ==
{{Reflist}}
=== Daftar pustaka ===
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<!---utama--->
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{{Refend}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Kakhalifahan Rasyidin| ]]
[[Kategori:Kakhalifahan]]
[[Category:Islam]]
Kakhalifahan Rasyidin tu kakhalifahan Islam nang badiri sataan pang maninggal nya nabi Islam Muhammad pada tahun 632 M, hataw tahun ka-11 H. Kakhalifahan ini tadiri hatas hampat khalifah patama dalam sajarah islam, nang disabut sajadi khulafaur rasyidin. pada puncak kajayaannya, kakhalifahan rasyidin mambantang dari Jazirah Arab, sampai ke livant (wayah ini Suriah), kaukasus awan afrika utara di barat, sarta sampai ke dataran tinggi iran awan Asia Tangah di timur.

Kakhalifahan Rasyidin dicirikan uleh pariode akspansi militer nang laju hatan dua puluh lima tahun nang diumpati awan pariode paselisihan internal salama lima tahun. Tantara rasyidin bajuman pang labih dari 100.000 urang pas puncak nya. Kaampat khalifah rasyidin ni dipilih awan badan pamilihan halus nang tadiri dari angguta takamuka dari konfederasi suku Quraisy nang dikiau sajafi syūrā (bahasa Arab: الشورى, translit. kunsultasi‎).

 Khalifah 
 Abu Bakar 

 manjadi khalifah 
sataan pang kamatian Nabi Islam Muhammad, para sahabat nya bamusyawarah di Saqifah Bani Saidah tantang siapa nang akan manggantikan inya dalam mamimpin nagara islam., p. 31. Pada awalnya, kaum anshar mausulkan Saad bin Ubadah; nang lain-nya mahandaki adanya dua pamimpin, dari muhajirin awan anshar. Abu bakar maingatkan bubuhan nya, bahwa muhammad barasal dari muhajirin, awan pangganti-nya harus barasal dari muhajirin jua; Abu bakar mausulkan antara Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah ataw Umar bin Khattab. Tatapi, Umar maan pang mambai'at (bajanji satia) awan Abu Bakar, diikuti uleh Abu Ubaidah awan saluruh muslim nang ada disana.

 Masa kakhalifahan 
Pada masa kapamimpinannya, tadapat banyak nabi palsu nang kaluar, Abu bakar mangirim pasukan gasan mambasmi bubuhan nya. Tadapat pula goloŋan nang kada handak mambayar zakat, Abu bakar jua mangirim pasukan gasan mangajak bubuhan nya manunaikan zakat, apabila bubuhan nya kada handak, bubuhan nya hakan diparangi.
 
Abu Bakar maninggal dunia ulih sakit di rumahnya pada tahun 13 hijriyah hataw 634 masehi.Coeli Fitzpatrick, Adam Hani Walker Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2014), p. 3  

 Umar bin Khattab 

Sabalum Abu bakar maninggal dunia, inya sampat bawasiat hagar manunjuk Umar bin Khattab sajadi panggantinya
 
Umar mamimpin kakhalifahan salama sapuluh tahun. Inya mulai manjabat pada tahun 634 sampai 644 masehi, ataw tahun 13 sampaj 23 hijriyah. Umar tu urang nang partama kali mambantuk sistem pamarintahan hislam awan manunjuk babarapa badan (diwan) nang batugas khusus di bidang susial awan pulitik.
 
Pada masa kakhalifahan Umar, wilayah kakhalifahan Rasyidin samakin maluas dikarana akan akspansi militer nang dilakukan nya. Wilayah kakhalifahan maliputi saluruh Jazirah Arab, Karajaan Sasaniya, Masir, Palistina, hingga Kauskasus.
 
Umar dibunuh saat mamimpin shalat subuh pada 644 masehi. Inya dibunuh uleh saurang budak pirsia, Abu Lu'lu'ah.

 Utsman bin Affan 

Sataan pang maninggalnya umar, anam urang nang ditunjuk uleh umar sabalumnya bamusyawarah, siapa nang handak dijadikan khalifah sahabis umar. Hasil musyawarahnya ialah maangkat Utsman bin Affan manjadi khalifah katiga.

Utsman maninggal dunia karana dibunuh uleh pambarontak nagara hatan wayah inya mambaca al-Qur'an di rumahnya.

 Ali bin Abi Thalib 

Satan pang dibunuhnya Utsman, sapupu Muhammad, Ali bin Abi Thalib dilantik manjadi khalifah untuk maakhiri perang saudara.

Ali dibunuh hatan maimami shalat subuh di kufah. anaknya, Hasan bin Ali ditunjuk sabagai pangganti samantara abahnya. Hasan lalu maadakan janji damai awan Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan dan mambarikan kakuasaan gasan Muawiyah. Hasan lalu dibunuh, dan Muawiyah mandirikan nagara kakhalifahan kadua, Kakhalifahan Umayyah.

 Jajuhutan 

 Daftar pustaka 

 
  Ebook: 

 

 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Chapter 51
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 

 

 
Kategori:Kakhalifahan
Category:Islam