Melati
[[Ugasan:Jasmine .jpg|thumb|Bunga Melati biasa]]

'''Melati''' ([[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]: ''Jasmine'', sanga [[Taksonomi (biologi)|goar taksonomi]] na ima '''''Jasminum'''''<ref>Sunset Western Garden Book (1995), alaman 606–607, 6 September 2021</ref>) ima sada [[genus]] ni [[Somak|somak-somak]] dohot [[Jaitun]] tondong ni Jaitun ([[Oleaceae]]). Adong hira-hira 200 ragam asli sian luat namariklim tropis dohot danggol di [[Eurasia]] dohot [[Oseania]]. Bunga melati on pe bahat disuan mambahen aroma na angur.

== Habitat ==
Bunga Melati on somalna mangolu manang maringanan di luat [[tropis]] dohot [[subtropis]] songon di Eurasia, Australia, dohot Oseania, bope adong holan sada sian 200 ragam adong mangolu di [[Eropa]].<ref name="CTEG">C.C. Townsend and Evan Guest (1980). "Jasminum officinale," in ''Flora of Iraq,'' Vol. 4.1. Baghdad, alaman 513–519, 6 September 2021</ref><ref name="mccleland">Ernst Schmidt. Mervyn Lötter. Warren McCleland. [https://books.google.com/books?id=RpVJJH3kV0oC&q=Jasminum+genus&pg=PA530 Trees and shrubs of Mpumalanga and Kruger National Park] (2002), Jacana Media, alaman 530, 6 September 2021</ref> Pogu angkaragam na mangolu di Asia Dangsina dohot Asia Anggoni.<ref name="panda">H. Panda. [https://books.google.com/books?id=wNGkjn-alm8C&q=Jasminum+genus&pg=PA220 Cultivation and Utilization of Aromatic Plants (2005)], National Institute Of Industrial Research, alaman 220, 6 September 2021</ref>

Bahat ragam ni bunga Melati naung dinaturalisasi di Eropa Mediterania. Songon bunga melati Ispania (''[[Jasminum grandiflorum]]'') rona sian [[Asia Pastima]] dohot [[India]], dung i sonari dinaturalisasi di [[Semenanjung Iberia]]

== Taksonomi ==
[[Spesies]] bunga on ima [[genus]] ''Jasminum'' nadiklasifikasi di toru ni solkot bunga melati horong ni Jaitun ([[Oleaceae]]).<ref name="singh2006"> A.K. Singh. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Bfb1T6QbfaAC&q=Jasminum+genus&pg=PA193 Flower Crops: Cultivation and Management] (2006), New India Publishing, alaman 193–205, 6 September 2021</ref> ''Jasminum'' dibagi gabe lima bagian—''Alternifolia'', ''Jasminum'', ''Primulina'', ''Trifoliolata'', dohot ''Unifoliolata''.

== Etimologi ==
Panggoaran genus on ro sian hata [[Persia]] ima hata ''yāsamin'', nadipadomu sian bahasa Arab, Turki dohot Latin.<ref>F. Steingass (1891). ''A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary.'' London, alm. 1526.</ref><ref name="CTEG"/><ref>Karl Vollers (1896). "Beiträge zur Kenntniss der lebenden arabischen Sprache in Aegypten," in ''Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft'' '''50''': 650.</ref><ref name="OED-jasmine">"jasmine, -in, jessamine, -in", OED</ref><ref>"jasmine." Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged. Merriam-Webster, 2002.</ref><ref name=Metcalf>Metcalf, 1999, alm. 123.</ref>

== Ragam ==
[[Ugasan:Jasminum sambac 'Grand Duke of Tuscany'.jpg|thumb|200px|right|''[[Jasminum sambac]]'' "Adipati Agung Tuscany"]]
[[Ugasan:Jasmine Bud.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Melati punpun]]
[[Ugasan:Jasmine lifecycle.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Siklus hangoluan ni bunga melati Arab]]
[[Ugasan:Bunch of jasmine flowers.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Bunga melati]]

Angka ragam ni melati on, ima:<ref name=grin>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924122055/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?6186 ''Jasminum'' information from NPGS/GRIN], Germplasm Resources Information Network - [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Beltsville, Maryland|Beltsville - Maryland]], 6 September 2021</ref>
* ''[[Jasminum abyssinicum|J.&nbsp;abyssinicum]]'' <small>Hochst. ex DC.</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;Melati harangan
* ''[[Jasminum adenophyllum|J.&nbsp;adenophyllum]]'' <small>Wall.</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;melati anggur balau, melati pilopilo, melati putri
* ''[[Jasminum andamanicum|J.&nbsp;andamanicum]]'' <small>N.P.Balakr. & N.G.Nair</small>
* ''[[Jasminum angulare|J.&nbsp;angulare]]'' <small>Vahl</small>
* ''[[Jasminum angustifolium|J.&nbsp;angustifolium]]'' <small>(L.) Willd.</small>
* ''[[Jasminum auriculatum|J.&nbsp;auriculatum]]'' <small>Vahl</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;melati India<!--May be typo; spelled "hasmine'' according to http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?405167-->, melati bunga jarum
* ''[[Jasminum azoricum|J.&nbsp;azoricum]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Jasminum beesianum|J.&nbsp;beesianum]]'' <small>Forrest & Diels</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;melati narara
* ''[[Jasminum dichotomum|J.&nbsp;dichotomum]]'' <small>Vahl</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;Melati Pantai Sere
* ''[[Jasminum didymum|J.&nbsp;didymum]]'' <small>G.Forst.</small>
* ''[[Jasminum dispermum|J.&nbsp;dispermum]]'' <small>Wall.</small>
* ''[[Jasminum elegans|J.&nbsp;elegans]]'' <small>Knobl.</small>
* ''[[Jasminum elongatum|J.&nbsp;elongatum]]'' <small>(P.J.Bergius) Willd.</small>
* ''[[Jasminum floridum|J.&nbsp;floridum]]'' <small>Bunge</small>
* ''[[Jasminum fluminense|J.&nbsp;fluminense]]'' <small>Vell.</small>
* ''[[Jasminum fruticans|J.&nbsp;fruticans]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Jasminum grandiflorum|J.&nbsp;grandiflorum]]'' <small>L.</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;Melati Katalan, aroma melati, melati harajaan, melati Ispania
* ''[[Jasminum genie|J.&nbsp;grandiflorum]]'' <small>L.Vell.</small>
* ''[[Jasminum humile|J.&nbsp;humile]]'' <small>L.</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;melati Italia, melati huning Italia
* ''[[Jasminum lanceolarium|J.&nbsp;lanceolarium]]'' <small>Roxb.</small>
* ''[[Jasminum laurifolium|J.&nbsp;laurifolium]]'' <small>Roxb. ex Hornem.</small> melati sayap malaikat
* ''[[Jasminum malabaricum|J.&nbsp;malabaricum]]'' <small>Wight</small>
* ''[[Jasminum mesnyi|J.&nbsp;mesnyi]]'' <small>Hance</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;Melati Japang, melati primrose (mawar), melati kuning
* ''[[Jasminum multiflorum|J.&nbsp;multiflorum]]'' <small>(Burm.f.) Andrews</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;Melati India, melati bintang, melati musim dingin
* ''[[Jasminum multipartitum|J.&nbsp;multipartitum]]'' <small>Hochst.</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;melati riar marbintang
* ''[[Jasminum nervosum|J.&nbsp;nervosum]]'' <small>Lour.</small>
* ''[[Jasminum nobile|J.&nbsp;nobile]]'' <small>C.B.Clarke</small>
* ''[[Jasminum nudiflorum|J.&nbsp;nudiflorum]]'' <small>Lindl.</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;melati musim dingin
* ''[[Jasminum odoratissimum|J.&nbsp;odoratissimum]]'' <small>L.</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;melati huning
* ''[[Jasminum officinale|J.&nbsp;officinale]]'' <small>L.</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;melati umum, melati, melati penyair, melati musim panas, melati nabontar
* ''[[Jasminum parkeri|J.&nbsp;parkeri]]'' <small>Dunn</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;melati kerdil (teger)
* ''[[Jasminum polyanthum|J.&nbsp;polyanthum]]'' <small>Franch.</small>
* ''[[Jasminum sambac|J.&nbsp;sambac]]'' <small>(L.) Aiton</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;Melati arab, melati sambac
* ''[[Jasminum simplicifolium|J.&nbsp;simplicifolium]]'' <small>G.Forst.</small>
* ''[[Jasminum sinense|J.&nbsp;sinense]]'' <small>Hemsl.</small>
* ''[[Jasminum subhumile|J.&nbsp;subhumile]]'' <small>W.W.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Jasminum subtriplinerve|J.&nbsp;subtriplinerve]]'' <small>Blume</small>
* ''[[Jasminum tortuosum|J.&nbsp;tortuosum]]'' <small>Willd.</small>
* ''[[Jasminum urophyllum|J.&nbsp;urophyllum]]'' <small>Hemsl.</small>
* ''[[Jasminum volubile|J.&nbsp;volubile]]'' <small>Jacq..</small>

== Bunga Nasional ==
Adong marpiga nagara manang nagara bagian mambahen bunga Melati gabe simbol nasional. Angka nagara i, tarmasuk ma:

* [[Indonesia]]: ''[[Jasminum sambac]]'' ima bunga nasional, diadopsi taon 1990.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120402234237/http://www.proxsis.com/perundangan/LH/doc/uu/F00-1993-00004.pdf Keputusan Presiden No. 4 Tahun 1993] (2 April 2012), www.proxsis.com, 6 September 2021</ref> Bunga "''melati putih''" bahat dipangke tingki ulaon parbagason somalna di pulo [[Pulo Jawa|Jawa]].
* [[Siria]]: Kota di Siria, ima [[Damaskus]] dijou Kota Melati.<ref>Anabel Bachour [https://web.archive.org/web/20210412114937/http://peacockplume.fr/food-travel/damascus-city-jasmine Damascus, the City of Jasmine] (23 Februari 2017), Peacock Plume, Student Media, The American University of Paris, France, 6 September 2021</ref>
* [[Hawaii]]: ''[[Jasminum sambac]]'' ("''pikake''") ima bunga umum nadipangke di [[Lei (garland)|leis]], gabe subjek bahat ni ende sian nagara Hawaii.
* [[Pakistan]]: ''[[Jasminum officinale]]'' ditanda panggoaran na "''chambeli''" sanga "''yasmin''", ima [[Simbol Nasional Pakistan|bunga nasional]] Pakistan.
* [[Pilipina]]: ''[[Jasminum sambac]]'' ima simbol bunga nasional ni Pilipina. Diadopsi taon 1935, ditanda panjouanna di Pilipina ima "''[[sampaguita]]''".
* [[Thailand]]: Bunga melati dipangke gabe simbol keibuan di Thailand.<ref>[https://www.flowerstips.org/symbolic-spiritual-meaning-jasmine-flowers/ Symbolic and spiritual meaning of jasmine flowers] (3 Januari 2017), Gardening Tips, 6 September 2021</ref>

== Pustaha ==

[[Horong:Bunga]]
[[Horong:Simbol Nasional Nagara]]
Melati (Inggeris: Jasmine, sanga goar taksonomi na ima JasminumSunset Western Garden Book (1995), alaman 606–607, 6 September 2021) ima sada genus ni somak-somak dohot Jaitun tondong ni Jaitun (Oleaceae). Adong hira-hira 200 ragam asli sian luat namariklim tropis dohot danggol di Eurasia dohot Oseania. Bunga melati on pe bahat disuan mambahen aroma na angur.

 Habitat 
Bunga Melati on somalna mangolu manang maringanan di luat tropis dohot subtropis songon di Eurasia, Australia, dohot Oseania, bope adong holan sada sian 200 ragam adong mangolu di Eropa.C.C. Townsend and Evan Guest (1980). "Jasminum officinale," in Flora of Iraq, Vol. 4.1. Baghdad, alaman 513–519, 6 September 2021Ernst Schmidt. Mervyn Lötter. Warren McCleland. Trees and shrubs of Mpumalanga and Kruger National Park (2002), Jacana Media, alaman 530, 6 September 2021 Pogu angkaragam na mangolu di Asia Dangsina dohot Asia Anggoni.H. Panda. Cultivation and Utilization of Aromatic Plants (2005), National Institute Of Industrial Research, alaman 220, 6 September 2021

Bahat ragam ni bunga Melati naung dinaturalisasi di Eropa Mediterania. Songon bunga melati Ispania (Jasminum grandiflorum) rona sian Asia Pastima dohot India, dung i sonari dinaturalisasi di Semenanjung Iberia

 Taksonomi 
Spesies bunga on ima genus Jasminum nadiklasifikasi di toru ni solkot bunga melati horong ni Jaitun (Oleaceae). A.K. Singh. Flower Crops: Cultivation and Management (2006), New India Publishing, alaman 193–205, 6 September 2021 Jasminum dibagi gabe lima bagian—Alternifolia, Jasminum, Primulina, Trifoliolata, dohot Unifoliolata.

 Etimologi 
Panggoaran genus on ro sian hata Persia ima hata yāsamin, nadipadomu sian bahasa Arab, Turki dohot Latin.F. Steingass (1891). A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary. London, alm. 1526.Karl Vollers (1896). "Beiträge zur Kenntniss der lebenden arabischen Sprache in Aegypten," in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 50: 650."jasmine, -in, jessamine, -in", OED"jasmine." Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged. Merriam-Webster, 2002.Metcalf, 1999, alm. 123.

 Ragam 
thumb|200px|right|Jasminum sambac "Adipati Agung Tuscany"
thumb|200px|right|Melati punpun
200px|thumb|right|Siklus hangoluan ni bunga melati Arab
thumb|200px|right|Bunga melati

Angka ragam ni melati on, ima:Jasminum information from NPGS/GRIN, Germplasm Resources Information Network - USDA, Beltsville - Maryland, 6 September 2021
 J. abyssinicum Hochst. ex DC. – Melati harangan
 J. adenophyllum Wall. – melati anggur balau, melati pilopilo, melati putri
 J. andamanicum N.P.Balakr. & N.G.Nair
 J. angulare Vahl
 J. angustifolium (L.) Willd.
 J. auriculatum Vahl – melati India, melati bunga jarum
 J. azoricum L.
 J. beesianum Forrest & Diels – melati narara
 J. dichotomum Vahl – Melati Pantai Sere
 J. didymum G.Forst.
 J. dispermum Wall.
 J. elegans Knobl.
 J. elongatum (P.J.Bergius) Willd.
 J. floridum Bunge
 J. fluminense Vell.
 J. fruticans L.
 J. grandiflorum L. – Melati Katalan, aroma melati, melati harajaan, melati Ispania
 J. grandiflorum L.Vell.
 J. humile L. – melati Italia, melati huning Italia
 J. lanceolarium Roxb.
 J. laurifolium Roxb. ex Hornem. melati sayap malaikat
 J. malabaricum Wight
 J. mesnyi Hance – Melati Japang, melati primrose (mawar), melati kuning
 J. multiflorum (Burm.f.) Andrews – Melati India, melati bintang, melati musim dingin
 J. multipartitum Hochst. – melati riar marbintang
 J. nervosum Lour.
 J. nobile C.B.Clarke
 J. nudiflorum Lindl. – melati musim dingin
 J. odoratissimum L. – melati huning
 J. officinale L. – melati umum, melati, melati penyair, melati musim panas, melati nabontar
 J. parkeri Dunn – melati kerdil (teger)
 J. polyanthum Franch.
 J. sambac (L.) Aiton – Melati arab, melati sambac
 J. simplicifolium G.Forst.
 J. sinense Hemsl.
 J. subhumile W.W.Sm.
 J. subtriplinerve Blume
 J. tortuosum Willd.
 J. urophyllum Hemsl.
 J. volubile Jacq..

 Bunga Nasional 
Adong marpiga nagara manang nagara bagian mambahen bunga Melati gabe simbol nasional. Angka nagara i, tarmasuk ma:

 Indonesia: Jasminum sambac ima bunga nasional, diadopsi taon 1990.Keputusan Presiden No. 4 Tahun 1993 (2 April 2012), www.proxsis.com, 6 September 2021 Bunga "melati putih" bahat dipangke tingki ulaon parbagason somalna di pulo Jawa.
 Siria: Kota di Siria, ima Damaskus dijou Kota Melati.Anabel Bachour Damascus, the City of Jasmine (23 Februari 2017), Peacock Plume, Student Media, The American University of Paris, France, 6 September 2021
 Hawaii: Jasminum sambac ("pikake") ima bunga umum nadipangke di leis, gabe subjek bahat ni ende sian nagara Hawaii.
 Pakistan: Jasminum officinale ditanda panggoaran na "chambeli" sanga "yasmin", ima bunga nasional Pakistan.
 Pilipina: Jasminum sambac ima simbol bunga nasional ni Pilipina. Diadopsi taon 1935, ditanda panjouanna di Pilipina ima "sampaguita".
 Thailand: Bunga melati dipangke gabe simbol keibuan di Thailand.Symbolic and spiritual meaning of jasmine flowers (3 Januari 2017), Gardening Tips, 6 September 2021

 Pustaha 

Horong:Bunga
Horong:Simbol Nasional Nagara