Aprika Dangsina
{{Infobox country|conventional_long_name=Republik Aprika Dangsina|common_name=Aprika Dangsina|native_name={{collapsible list
| titlestyle = text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:86%;
| title = 10 hata ojak na asing<ref>{{Cite act |institution=Parliament of the Republic of South Africa |title=Constitution Eighteenth Amendment Act |date=27 July 2023 |volume=697 |number=47665 |language=en, tn}}</ref>
| {{Infobox
| subbox=yes
| bodystyle=font-size:77%;font-weight:normal;
| label1 = [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]:
| data1 = {{lang|af|Republik of South Africa}}
| rowclass1 = mergedrow
| label2 = [[Hata Afrikaans|Afrikaans]]:
| data2 = {{lang|af|Republiek van Suid-Afrika}}
| rowclass2 = mergedrow
| label3 = [[Hata Zulu|Zulu]]:
| data3 = {{lang|zu|iRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika}}
| rowclass3 = mergedrow
| label4 = [[Hata Xhosa|Xhosa]]:
| data4 = {{lang|ss|iRiphabhlikhi yoMzantsi Afrika}}
| rowclass4 = mergedrow
| label5 = [[Hata Sotho Utara|Pedi]]:
| data5 = {{lang|nso|Repabliki ya Afrika-Borwa}}
| rowclass5 = mergedrow
| label6 = [[Hata Sotho Dangsina|Sotho&nbsp;Dangsina]]:
| data6 = {{lang|st|Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa}}
| rowclass6 = mergedrow
| label7 = [[Hata Tswana|Tswana]]:
| data7 = {{lang|tn|Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa}}
| rowclass7 = mergedrow
| label8 = [[Hata Tsonga|Tsonga]]:
| data8 = {{lang|ts|Riphabliki ya Afrika Dzonga}}
| rowclass8 = mergedrow
| label9 = [[Hata Swazi|Swati]]:
| data9 = {{lang|sw|iRiphabhulikhi yaseNingizimu-Afrika}}
| rowclass9 = mergedrow
| label10 = [[Hata Venda|Venda]]:
| data10 = {{lang|ve|Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe}}
| rowclass10 = mergedrow
| label11 = [[Hata Ndebele Dangsina|Ndebele Dangsina]]:
| data11 = {{lang|nr|iRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika}}
| rowclass11 = mergedrow
| label12 =
| data12 =
| rowclass12 = mergedrow
}}
}}|image_flag=Flag of South Africa.svg|alt_flag=|flag2_border=|image_coat=Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg|coa_size=75|alt_coat=|symbol_type=Partandaan ni botohon|national_motto="{{lang|xam|ǃke e: ǀxarra ǁke}}"&nbsp;([[ǀXam language|ǀXam]])<br />"Hasadaon dibagasan keberagaman"|national_anthem="[[Logu habangsoon ni Aprika Dangsina]]" <div style="padding-top:0.5em;" class="centre">[[File:South Africa National Anthem.ogg]]</div>|image_map={{Switcher|[[File:ZAF orthographic.svg|frameless]]|Show globe|
[[File:South Africa adm location map.svg|frameless]]|Show map of South Africa|default=1}}|map_caption=|image_map2=|capital={{unbulleted list|[[Pretoria]] (eksekutip)<ref name="South Africa at a glance">{{cite web|title=South Africa at a glance |url=https://www.gov.za/about-sa/south-africa-glance|website=South African Government |access-date=18 June 2020|archive-date=26 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526163527/https://www.gov.za/about-sa/south-africa-glance|url-status=live }}</ref>|[[Cape Town]] (legislatip)<ref name="South Africa at a glance" />|[[Bloemfontein]] (judikatgip)<ref name="South Africa at a glance" />}}|largest_city={{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/World.html|title=Principal Agglomerations of the World|publisher=City Population|access-date=30 October 2011|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225073559/http://www.citypopulation.de/World.html|url-status=live }}</ref><!--end nowrap:-->}}|population_density_km2=50.8|population_density_sq_mi=|population_density_rank=169th|population_estimate={{increase}} 63.015.904<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/P03014_Census_2022_Statistical_Release.pdf |title=Census 2022 – Statistical Release |publisher=Government of South Africa |website=www.gov.za |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=15 October 2023 |archive-date=15 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015192129/https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/P03014_Census_2022_Statistical_Release.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>|population_census={{Increase}} 62.027.503<ref name="Census-2022" />|population_estimate_year=2024|population_estimate_rank=23rd|population_census_year=[[2022 South African census|2022]]|population_census_rank=23rd|official_languages='''[[Hata ni Aprika Dangsina|12 hata]]'''<ref name="constitution.1.6">{{cite book|url=https://www.concourt.org.za/images/phocadownload/the_text/english-2013.pdf|title=The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa|publisher=Constitutional Court of South Africa|year=2013|edition=2013 English version|at=ch.&nbsp;1, s.&nbsp;6|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=23 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823174423/https://www.concourt.org.za/images/phocadownload/the_text/english-2013.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="parliament.gov.za">{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/na-approves-south-african-sign-language-12th-official-language|title=The NA Approves South African Sign Language as the 12th Official Language |website=Parliament of South Africa |date=3 May 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222131030/https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/na-approves-south-african-sign-language-12th-official-language |archive-date= Dec 22, 2023 }}</ref>{{plainlist|
* [[Hata Afrikaans]]
* [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]
* [[Hata Ndebele Dangsina|Ndebele]]
* [[Hata Pedi|Sepedi]]
* [[Hata Sotho|Sesotho]]
* [[Hata Tswana|Setswana]]
* [[Hata sipaboana ni Aprika Dangsina]]
* [[Hata Swazi|Swazi]]
* [[Hata Venda|Tshivenda]]
* [[Hata Xhosa|Xhosa]]
* [[Hata Tsonga|Xitsonga]]
* [[Hata Zulu|Zulu]]
}}
{{collapsible list
| titlestyle = text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;font-size:100%;<!--size of [show]/[hide] link-->
| liststyle = text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;
| title=Hatahata na marstatus khusus<ref name="constitution.1.6"/>|[[Hatahata Khoe]]| [[Hata Khoekhoe|Khoekhoe]]|[[Hatahata Khoisan]]|[[Hata Jerman|Jerman]]|[[Hata Gorik|Gorik]]|[[Hata Gujarati|Gujarati]]|[[Hata Hindi|Hindi]]|[[Hata Portugis|Portugis]]|[[Hata Telugu|Telugu]]|[[Hata Tamil|Tamil]]|[[Hata Urdu|Urdu]]|[[Hata Arab|Arab]]|[[Hata Heber|Heber]]|[[Hata Sanskrit|Sanskrit]]
}}|regional_languages=|languages2_type=|languages2=|ethnic_groups_year=2022<ref name="Mitchley">{{Cite web |last=Mitchley |first=Alex |title=SA's population swells to 62 million - 2022 census at a glance |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/sas-population-swells-to-62-million-2022-census-at-a-glance-20231010 |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US |archive-date=11 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011171333/https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/sas-population-swells-to-62-million-2022-census-at-a-glance-20231010 |url-status=live }}</ref>|ethnic_groups={{unbulleted list
 | {{nowrap|81.4% [[Halak Bantu di Aprika Dangsina|Marlingkit birong]]}}
 | 8.2% [[Halak sampuran|Sampuran]]
 | 7.3% [[Halak Eropa di Aprika Dangsina|Marlingkit bontar]]
 | 2.7% [[Halak India di Aprika Dangsina|India]] manang [[Halak Asia di Aprika Dangsina|Asia]]
| 0.4% other
}}|religion={{ublist|item_style=white-space:nowrap;
 |85.3% [[Kristen di Aprika Dangsina|Kristen]]
 |7.8% [[Ugamo Tradisional sian Aprika|Ugamo tradisional]]
 |3.1% [[Halak na so marugamo di Aprika Dangsina|na so marugamo]]
 |1.6% [[Silom di Aprika Dangsina|Silom]]
 |1.1% [[Hindu di Aprika Dangsina|Hindu]]
 |1.1% other}}|religion_year=2022|religion_ref=<ref name="2022 census3">{{cite web |title=Statistical Release - Census 2022 |url=https://census.statssa.gov.za/assets/documents/2022/P03014_Census_2022_Statistical_Release.pdf |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=statssa.gov.za}}</ref>|demonym={{hlist|[[Demographics of South Africa|South African]]}}|government_type=Unitary [[Parliamentary republics with an executive president|parliamentary republic with an executive presidency]]|leader_title1=[[Presiden ni Aprika Dangsina|Presiden]]|leader_name1=[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]|leader_title2=[[Uakil Presiden ni Aprika Dangsina|Uakil Presiden]]|leader_name2=[[Paul Mashatile]]
|legislature=[[Parlemen ni Aprika Dangsina|Parlemen]]|upper_house=[[Deuan Nasional Propinsi]]|lower_house=[[Majelis Nasional Aprika Dangsina|Majelis Nasional]]|sovereignty_type=Haluaon|sovereignty_note={{nowrap|sian [[Britania Godang]]}}|established_event1=[[Uni Aprika Dangsina]]|established_date1=31 Mei 1910|established_event2=[[Statuta Westminster 1931|Statuta Westminster]]|established_date2=11 Desember 1931|established_event3=[[Reperendum Republik ni Aprika Dangsina 1960|Republik]]|established_date3=31 Mei 1961|established_event4=[[Konstitusi ni Aprika Dangsina|Konstitusi na nuaeng]]|established_date4=4 Pebruari 1997|area_km2=1.221.037|area_footnote=|area_rank=24th|area_sq_mi=471,443|percent_water=0,380|GDP_PPP={{increase}} $1,030 triliun<ref name="IMFWEO.ZA">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/ZAF |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (South Africa) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=www.imf.org |date=16 April 2024 |access-date=17 April 2024 |archive-date=16 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416232751/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=199,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>|GDP_PPP_year=2025|GDP_PPP_rank=33rd|GDP_PPP_per_capita={{increase}} $16.010<ref name="IMFWEO.ZA"/>|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=107th|GDP_nominal={{increase}} $418.05 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.ZA"/>|GDP_nominal_year=2025|GDP_nominal_rank=40th|GDP_nominal_per_capita={{increase}} $6,520<ref name="IMFWEO.ZA"/>|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=108th|Gini=63.0 <!--number only-->|Gini_year=2014|Gini_change=decrease|Gini_ref=<ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=ZA|title=Gini Index|publisher=World Bank|access-date=25 September 2018|archive-date=29 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529083011/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=ZA|url-status=live }}</ref>|Gini_rank=<!-- 2nd --><!-- hid rank as source not clear -->|HDI=0.741 <!--number only-->|HDI_year=2023<!--Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year.-->|HDI_change=increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->|HDI_ref=<ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}</ref>|HDI_rank=106th|currency=[[Rand Aprika Dangsina]]|currency_code=ZAR|time_zone=[[Tingki Standar Aprika Dangsina|SAST]]|utc_offset=+2|utc_offset_DST=|DST_note=|time_zone_DST=|antipodes=|date_format=* yyyy/mm/dd<ref>{{Cite web|title=Data Source Comparison for en-ZA|url=https://www.localeplanet.com/compare/en-ZA/index.html|access-date=5 May 2021|website=www.localeplanet.com|archive-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816213516/https://www.localeplanet.com/compare/en-ZA/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* yyyy-mm-dd<ref>{{Cite web|title=Data Source Comparison for af-ZA|url=https://www.localeplanet.com/compare/af-ZA/index.html|access-date=5 May 2021|website=www.localeplanet.com|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505092248/https://www.localeplanet.com/compare/af-ZA/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>|drives_on=left|calling_code=[[Telephone numbers in South Africa|+27]]|iso3166code=ZA|cctld=[[.za]]|today=}}
'''Aprika Dangsina''', goar na ojak '''Republik Aprika Dangsina''', i ma sada nagara na adong di [[Aprika]], i ma di region [[Aprika Dangsina (region)|Aprika Dangsina]]. Nagara on puna [[gurat pasir]] {{Convert|2798|km|mi}} na marbalokkon [[Propinsi ni Aprika Dangsina|Sia propinsina]] dohot [[Samudora Atlantik]] huhut [[Samudora Hindia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.samsa.org.za/|title=South African Maritime Safety Authority|publisher=South African Maritime Safety Authority|access-date=16 Juni 2008|archive-date=29 Desember 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229120804/http://www.samsa.org.za/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html|website=The World Factbook|title=Coastline|publisher=CIA|access-date=16 Juni 2008|archive-date=16 Juli 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716042040/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="safacts">{{cite web|url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/facts.htm|title=South Africa Fast Facts|publisher=SouthAfrica.info|date=April 2007|access-date=14 Juni 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719213531/http://www.southafrica.info/about/facts.htm|archive-date=19 Juli 2008}}</ref> Nagara on marbalok dohot [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]]<!-- manang Botsuana -->, huhut [[Simbabue]] di utarana; [[Mosambik]] dohot [[Eswatini]] di purbana; jala [[Lesotho|Lesotho<!-- manang Lesoto -->]] (i ma sada [[enklap]]) di bagasanna.<ref>{{cite web|author=|title=Lesotho: Year In Review 1996&nbsp;– Britannica Online Encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9113829/LESOTHO|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615085933/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/337131/Lesotho-Year-In-Review-1996|archive-date=15 Juni 2013|access-date=30 Oktober 2011|website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Bidang ni nagara on i ma {{Convert|1221037|km2|mi2}}, jala godang ni [[Demograpi ni Aprika Dangsina|pangisina]] lobi sian 64 juta halak. [[Pretoria]] i ma huta sabungan administratipna, sementara [[Cape Town]] dohot [[Bloemfontein]] ganup sian nasida i ma huta sabungan ni legislatip dohot judikatip.<ref name="Marais Twala 2020 pp. 49–62">{{cite journal|last1=Marais|first1=Lochner|last2=Twala|first2=Chitja|title=Bloemfontein: the rise and fall of South Africa's judicial capital|journal=African Geographical Review|publisher=Informa UK Limited|volume=40|issue=1|date=2020-05-07|issn=1937-6812|doi=10.1080/19376812.2020.1760901|pages=49–62|s2cid=218929562}}</ref> Kota-kota na umbalga di nagara on i ma [[Johannesburg]], [[Cape Town]], huhut [[Durban]].

[[Anggunanggun ni hajolmaon|Panomuan arkeologi]]<!-- Nomu = Temu (id) -> Panomuan = Penemuan (?) --> patuduhon marragam spesies hominid nunga adong di Aprika Dangsina hira-hira 2,5 juta taon naung salpu, jala jolma moderen mangingani luat i lobi sian 100.000 taon naung salpu. Pangisi na parjolo mangingani luat i ma [[Halak Khoisan]], na dung i diihuton dohot haadongon [[Halak Bantu|Halak na marhata Bantu]] na harororanna sian Aprika Hasundutan dohot Tonga hira-hira 2.000 sahat tu 1.000 taon naung salpu. Bangso Eropa parjolo sahali mananda ujung na paling dangsina Aprika di taon 1488, tingki singga si [[Bartolomeu Dias]] di [[Tanjung Panghirimon na Denggan]]. Taon 1652, Bolanda mambaen [[Koloni Tanjung ni Bolanda|koloni na parjolo]] di Aprika Dangsina, jala di taon 1795 dohot 1806, dijajah Inggris ma i. Di tingki i, masa ma masa gejolak na digoari Mfecane mambaen marragam harajaon di Aprika, padohot [[Harajaon Zulu]]. Dung i, lam dijajah ma luat i, jala mulai sian na [[Repolusi Mineral|jumpang]] berlian dohot sere, luat on mandalani proses industrialisasi dohot urbanisasi. Dung [[Porang Boer Paduahon]], ditompa ma [[Uni Aprika Dangsina]] di taon 1910, dung mardomu [[koloni Tanjung]], [[koloni Natal]], [[koloni Transvaal]], dohot [[koloni Sunge Oranje]]. Uni on gabe nagara [[republik]] di taon 1961. Anggo sistem tohap tu mamillit ni ragam ras hea adong i koloni Tanjung, alai lambat-lambat do i tergerus, jala godangan halak Aprika Dangsina na marlingkit birong ndang [[Tohap tu mamillit|dijalo mamillit]] sahat tu taon 1994.

[[Partai Nasional (Aprika Dangsina)|Partai Nasional]] patandahon [[aparteid]] di taon 1948 na mangojakhon [[bolatbolat ni ras]]. Dung parjuangan mangalo aparteid ni [[Kongres Nasional Aprika]] dohot aktipis na asing sian di bagas huhut ruar nagari, marragam uhum na mambahen diskriminasi buhai disengsang di parsitongaan ni taon 1980-an. Pamillitan umum na tarbuka tu sude ras masa di taon 1994.

Masarakat ni Aprika Dangsina mangangkupi ragam ni [[Ugari ni Aprika Dangsina|ugari]], [[Hata di Aprika Dangsina|hata]], dohot [[Ugamo di Aprika Dangsina|ugamo]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7512700.stm|title=Rainbow Nation – dream or reality?|access-date=10 August 2013|work=BBC News|date=18 July 2008|archive-date=8 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908141212/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7512700.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Nagara on ditanda songon [[Hagogoon parsitongaan|nagara hagogoon parsitongaan]]<nowiki/>angkup mangarihon panghorhon regionalna na signipikan. Aprika Dangsina pe marruas di punguan internasional, tudosna [[BRICS|BRICS+]], [[Uni Aprika]], [[Punguan Pembangunan Aprika Dangsina|SADC]], [[Persemakmuran Bangso-Bangso]], dohot [[G20]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cooper|first1=Andrew F|last2=Antkiewicz|first2=Agata|last3=Shaw|first3=Timothy M|title=Lessons from/for BRICSAM about South-North Relations at the Start of the 21st Century: Economic Size Trumps All Else?|journal=[[International Studies Review]]|date=10 December 2007|volume=9|issue=4|pages=675, 687|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2486.2007.00730.x|issn=1468-2486}}</ref><ref name="Lynch2010">{{cite book|first=David A.|last=Lynch|title=Trade and Globalization: An Introduction to Regional Trade Agreements|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-MH-GEL425AC&pg=PA51|access-date=25 August 2013|year=2010|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|quote=Southern Africa is home to the other of sub-Saharan Africa's regional powers: South Africa. South Africa is more than just a regional power; it is currently the most developed and economically powerful country in Africa, and is able to use that influence in Africa more than during the days of apartheid, when it was ostracised from the rest of the world.|isbn=978-0-7425-6689-7|page=51|archive-date=11 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011173913/http://books.google.com/books?id=-MH-GEL425AC&pg=PA51|url-status=live}}</ref> Songon [[nagara na markembang]] dohot marindustri, adong do Aprika Dangsina ekonomi na targodang di Aprika mangihuthon nominal ni PDB,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/country/south-africa|title=South Africa|publisher=World Bank|access-date=23 July 2021|archive-date=1 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101050034/http://data.worldbank.org/country/south-africa|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Waugh2000">{{cite book|first=David|last=Waugh|title=Geography: An Integrated Approach|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7GH0KZZthGoC|access-date=24 August 2013|year=2000|publisher=Nelson Thornes|isbn=978-0-17-444706-1|pages=563, 576–579, 633, 640|chapter=Manufacturing industries (chapter 19), World development (chapter 22)|archive-date=11 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011173925/http://books.google.com/books?id=7GH0KZZthGoC|url-status=live}}</ref> marugasan [[Daptar Situs Siteanon ni Portibi di Aprika|Situs Siteanon ni Portibi UNESCO]] na umbalga di Aprika,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/&order=region|title=World Heritage List|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|access-date=16 Agustus 2024}}</ref> jala i ma [[luat haanekaragamon hangoluan]] dohot [[bioma]], suan-suanan, dohot binatang na unik. Sian na marujung i aparteid, partanggungjawaban<!-- kurang tahu apa padanannya dari pertanggungjawaban -->panggomgoman dohot [[kualitas ni ngolu]] nunga lam tamba godang tu pangisi ni nagara na so marlingkit bontar.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lieberman|first=Evan|url=https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691203003/until-we-have-won-our-liberty|title=Until We Have Won Our Liberty|date=2022|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-20300-3|language=en|access-date=25 Nopember 2021|archive-date=24 Nopember 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124200625/https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691203003/until-we-have-won-our-liberty|url-status=live}}</ref> Alai, [[Kriminalitas di Aprika Dangsina|kriminalitas]], pandoboon, [[Hapogoson di Aprika Dangsina|hapogoson]], dohot hatealon sosial tongtong do rarat. Di taon 2024, hira-hira 32% sian pangisi i ndang adong markarejo ,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=ZA|title=Unemployment, total (% of labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) – South Africa|work=[[World Bank]]|access-date=19 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172607/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=ZA|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 November 2024|title=Statistics South Africa on official unemployment rate in third quarter of 2024|url=https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/statistics-south-africa-official-unemployment-rate-third-quarter-2024-12-nov|website=South African Government|access-date=10 February 2025}}</ref> sementara hira-hira 56% mangolu di toru ni gurat hapogoson.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.NAHC?locations=ZA|title=Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) – South Africa|work=[[World Bank]]|access-date=19 September 2022|archive-date=31 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731094656/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.NAHC?locations=ZA|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="worldbank-poverty">{{Cite web|url=https://databankfiles.worldbank.org/public/ddpext_download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZAF.pdf|title="World Bank" : South Africa|accessdate=7 April 2023|archive-date=20 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420193850/https://databankfiles.worldbank.org/public/ddpext_download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZAF.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Koefisien Gini]] na paling ginjang di Aprika Dangsina i ma 0,63, jadi dianggap do i songon salah satu nagara na marhatealon ekonomi na tumimbo di portibi on.<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Bank Open Data|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=1W-ZA&most_recent_value_desc=true|access-date=2024-04-04|website=World Bank Open Data|archive-date=4 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404210056/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=1W-ZA&most_recent_value_desc=true|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Francis|first1=David|last2=Webster|first2=Edward|date=2019-11-02|title=Poverty and inequality in South Africa: critical reflections|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1666703|journal=Development Southern Africa|language=en|volume=36|issue=6|pages=788–802|doi=10.1080/0376835X.2019.1666703|issn=0376-835X|access-date=4 April 2024|archive-date=4 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404210056/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1666703|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

==Pustaha==
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[[Horong:Nagara]]
Aprika Dangsina, goar na ojak Republik Aprika Dangsina, i ma sada nagara na adong di Aprika, i ma di region Aprika Dangsina. Nagara on puna gurat pasir  na marbalokkon Sia propinsina dohot Samudora Atlantik huhut Samudora Hindia. Nagara on marbalok dohot Namibia, Botswana, huhut Simbabue di utarana; Mosambik dohot Eswatini di purbana; jala Lesotho (i ma sada enklap) di bagasanna. Bidang ni nagara on i ma , jala godang ni pangisina lobi sian 64 juta halak. Pretoria i ma huta sabungan administratipna, sementara Cape Town dohot Bloemfontein ganup sian nasida i ma huta sabungan ni legislatip dohot judikatip. Kota-kota na umbalga di nagara on i ma Johannesburg, Cape Town, huhut Durban.

Panomuan arkeologi patuduhon marragam spesies hominid nunga adong di Aprika Dangsina hira-hira 2,5 juta taon naung salpu, jala jolma moderen mangingani luat i lobi sian 100.000 taon naung salpu. Pangisi na parjolo mangingani luat i ma Halak Khoisan, na dung i diihuton dohot haadongon Halak na marhata Bantu na harororanna sian Aprika Hasundutan dohot Tonga hira-hira 2.000 sahat tu 1.000 taon naung salpu. Bangso Eropa parjolo sahali mananda ujung na paling dangsina Aprika di taon 1488, tingki singga si Bartolomeu Dias di Tanjung Panghirimon na Denggan. Taon 1652, Bolanda mambaen koloni na parjolo di Aprika Dangsina, jala di taon 1795 dohot 1806, dijajah Inggris ma i. Di tingki i, masa ma masa gejolak na digoari Mfecane mambaen marragam harajaon di Aprika, padohot Harajaon Zulu. Dung i, lam dijajah ma luat i, jala mulai sian na jumpang berlian dohot sere, luat on mandalani proses industrialisasi dohot urbanisasi. Dung Porang Boer Paduahon, ditompa ma Uni Aprika Dangsina di taon 1910, dung mardomu koloni Tanjung, koloni Natal, koloni Transvaal, dohot koloni Sunge Oranje. Uni on gabe nagara republik di taon 1961. Anggo sistem tohap tu mamillit ni ragam ras hea adong i koloni Tanjung, alai lambat-lambat do i tergerus, jala godangan halak Aprika Dangsina na marlingkit birong ndang dijalo mamillit sahat tu taon 1994.

Partai Nasional patandahon aparteid di taon 1948 na mangojakhon bolatbolat ni ras. Dung parjuangan mangalo aparteid ni Kongres Nasional Aprika dohot aktipis na asing sian di bagas huhut ruar nagari, marragam uhum na mambahen diskriminasi buhai disengsang di parsitongaan ni taon 1980-an. Pamillitan umum na tarbuka tu sude ras masa di taon 1994.

Masarakat ni Aprika Dangsina mangangkupi ragam ni ugari, hata, dohot ugamo. Nagara on ditanda songon nagara hagogoon parsitongaanangkup mangarihon panghorhon regionalna na signipikan. Aprika Dangsina pe marruas di punguan internasional, tudosna BRICS+, Uni Aprika, SADC, Persemakmuran Bangso-Bangso, dohot G20. Songon nagara na markembang dohot marindustri, adong do Aprika Dangsina ekonomi na targodang di Aprika mangihuthon nominal ni PDB, marugasan Situs Siteanon ni Portibi UNESCO na umbalga di Aprika, jala i ma luat haanekaragamon hangoluan dohot bioma, suan-suanan, dohot binatang na unik. Sian na marujung i aparteid, partanggungjawabanpanggomgoman dohot kualitas ni ngolu nunga lam tamba godang tu pangisi ni nagara na so marlingkit bontar. Alai, kriminalitas, pandoboon, hapogoson, dohot hatealon sosial tongtong do rarat. Di taon 2024, hira-hira 32% sian pangisi i ndang adong markarejo , sementara hira-hira 56% mangolu di toru ni gurat hapogoson. Koefisien Gini na paling ginjang di Aprika Dangsina i ma 0,63, jadi dianggap do i songon salah satu nagara na marhatealon ekonomi na tumimbo di portibi on.

Pustaha

Horong:Nagara