Hambing
[[Ugasan:Billy goat.jpg|thumb|right|Sada hambing jantan.]]

'''Hambing''' ([[Surat Batak]]:ᯂᯔ᯲ᯅᯪᯰ, [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]; ''Kambing'', [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]; ''Goat'', sanga Latin; ''Capra aegagrus hircus'') ima sada pinahan na nunga [[Domestikasi|didomestikasi]] dipahani gabe jinak sian hambing riar. Asalna hambing ro sian [[Asia Narita]] dohot [[Eropa Purba]]. Hambing masuk ma tu [[Bovidae]] jala samansam tu [[Biru-biru]] alana duansa padohot tu [[Caprinae]]. Adong 300 jenis hambing na marasing-asing tompa na.<ref name="HADOG">Hirst, K. Kris. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080707045748/http://archaeology.about.com/od/domestications/qt/goats.htm "The History of the Domestication of Goats".] ''www.About.com''. Diakses tanggal 27 Mei 2021.</ref>

== Turiturian ==
[[Ugasan:Atlit-Yam – Horn Cores of goat.JPG|thumb|Taning ni hambing sian huta Neolitik [[Atlit Yam]]]]
Hambing, ima binatang manang pinahan na dipahani jolma parjolo-jolo, sian bahat ni binatang.<ref name=TURIAN>[http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/goats/, ''Breeds of Livestock; Goats: (Capra hircus)''], Oklahoma State University Board of Regents, diakses 29 Mei 2021</ref> Analisis genetik naimbaru manabalhon hasil mamanati molo [[Capra aegagrus aegagrus|hambing gurun Bezoar]] sian Zagros, [[Iran]],  diduga asal ni hampir sude hambing saonari.<ref name=TURIAN/>

== Partinandaan ==
Hambing sada pinahan [[Ruminansia|marngalu]] naandorang ukuranna. Hambing riar jantan manang hambing pamuean, mangarihon sapang tanding, alai tanding ni hambing jantan umbalgaan sian hambing pamuean. Dihatopanna, sude hambing ingkon adong janggutna, ihurna tar tu ginjang, buluna tigor jala kasar. Ganjang tubu ni hambing riar, dang dohot ihurna, hira-hira 1,3 [[meter]] - 1,4 meter, molo ihurna hira-hira 12 [[sentimeter]] - 15 sentimeter. Borat ni hambing pamuean sahat tu 50 [[kilogram]] - 55 kilogram, molo hambing jantan boi sahat tu 120 kilogram. Hambing riar mampar sian [[Spanyol]] sahat tu [[India]], jala sian India sahat tu Utara ima [[Mongolia]] dohot [[Siberia]]. Lumban nagioti hambing, ima angka pardolokan na marbatu.

== Ragam ni hambing ==
[[Ugasan:Domestic goat kid in capeweed.jpg|thumb|left|Sada anak ni hambing berusia dua taon di padang rumpai Tanjung]]
Adong bahat ragam ni hambing di Indonesia, boi mamereng hagunaanna museng, songon hambing panusuhon, hambing na dikawinkon ([[hata Indonesia]] ima ''penyilangan gen''), hambing pedaging, hulinghuling, sangape hambing na gabe donga.

=== Hambing Kassang ===
Hambing hassang (''Kambing kacang'') ima sada ras unggul ni hambing naparjolo dipinahani di [[Indonesia]]. Ungkuran ni hambing kassang onbiasana gelleng, timbona hambing jantan hira 60 sentimeter sahat tu 65 sentimeter, jala hambing pamuean hira 56 sentimeter. Molo borat hambing jantan, boi sahat tu 25 kilogram, jala hambing pamuean hira 20 kilogram. Pinggolna biasana dingkal, buluna tigor jala pendek. Songoni tu hambing jantan dohot hambing pamuean, ingkon adong dua tadingna na pendek.<ref name=RAGAM>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212420/https://jendralgaram.com/ciri-ciri-kambing/#:~:text=Ciri-ciri%20kambing%20kacang%3A%201%20Tubuhnya%20kecil%20dengan%20kepala,yang%20berbulu%20panjang.%207%20Memiliki%20dua%20tanduk%20kecil, ''9 Jenis dan Ciri Ciri Kambing Terlengkap'' ([[Hata Indonesia|Marbahaso Indonesia]])], www.jenderalgaram.com, diakses tanggal 28 Mei 2021</ref>

=== Hambing Etawah ===
Hambing Etawah (''Kambing Etawah''), jotjot museng dijou hambing Jamnapari (''kambing Jamnapari''), rona sian [[India]]. Pamatang ni hambing Etawah on biasana balga, timbo ni hambing jantan boi 90 sentimeter sahat tu 127 sentimeter. Boratni hambing jantanna boi sahat tu 91 kilogram, salangkon hambing pamuean biasana holan sahat mar 63 kilograman. Pinggolna ganjang, jala habir tu toru, pardompahan dohot igungna jollung, adong muse tantingna pendek. Hambing Etawah on, boi gabe hambing sipanusu, sahari dapotma tolu liter [[susu]] sian sada hambing pamuean.<ref name=RAGAM/>

=== Hambing Bortian Etawah ===
Hambing Bortian Etawah (''Kambing peranakan Etawah (PE)''), ima hambing na dikawinkon silang, hambing Kassang dohot hambing Etawah. Parange ni hambing paranakon on, tudos tu hambing Kassang dohot tudos tu habing Etawah. Partinandaan ni hambing Peranakan Etawa&nbsp;sanga PE, bohina tar jollung, pinggolna ganjang alai gainggaing, pamatangna timbo. lelengni rindi hambing on 148,87 ari, masa manggintali ima 23 ari.<ref>[http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/3921, ''Studi Kasus Produktivitas Kambing Peranakan Etawah dan Kambing Saanen pada Peternakan Kambing Perah Barokah dan PT. Taurus Dairy Farm''], www.repository.ipb.ac.id, 29 Mei 2021</ref>

=== Hambing Boer ===
[[Ugasan:Boerbok.jpg|thumb|Hambing Boer, jotjot dibahen gabe sipanganon]]
Hambing Boer (''kambing boer'') ima hambing n bahat gabe sipanganon ni jolma. Hambing Boer, adong daya tahan pamatangna lumobi kuat, dang mura marsahit, timbo, boi mangolu di bukit namarbatu-batu, di adaran sanga ramba, jala mangallang angka duhut dohot  angka bulung. Patinandaan ni hambing on, pamatangna hombang jala ganjang, patna pendek, pinggolna ganjang mangantung tu toru. Buluna adong na bontar, uarna ni uluna sipata soklat, adong garis nabontar ditoru bohina. Borat ni hambing Boer boi 80-150 kilogram.<ref name=RAGAM/>

=== Hambing Saanen ===
Hambing Saenen (''Kambing Saenen''), ima ragam hambing naro sian kota Saenen, [[Swiss]]. Songoni tu hambing jantan sanga hambing pamuen, ingkon rap ganjang tanding na. Dung i, uarna ni buluna bontar. Igungna, pinggolna, dohot pamatangna, biasana maruarna na bontar, pinggolna gelleng alai tigor, boratna 30-50 kilogram.  Hambing Saanen on gabe hambing sipanusu.<ref name=RAGAM/>

=== Hambing Saburai ===
Hambing Saburai (''Kambing saburai'') adalah ima hasil hambing nadikawinkon hambing bortnian etawa dohot hambing boer. Hambing na marragam songon on, bahat di kabupaten Tanggamus, propinsi Lampung, Indonesia. Di huta naasing, hambing on biasana dijou hambing boerawa.<ref>[http://www.ternak.net/2015/05/kambing-saburai-komoditas-kambing-unggulan-dari-tanggamus.html, ''Kambing Saburai - Komoditas Unggulan dari Tanggamus''], www.ternak.com, diakses 29 Mei 2021</ref>

=== Hambing Samosir ===
Hombar tu goarna, hambing Samosir (''Kambing Samosir'') bahat mangolu di pulo Samosir, dihaliangi [[Tao Toba]], kabupaten Samosir, propinsi [[Sumatera Utara]]. Hambing on jotjot digoari hambing nabontar (''kambing putih'') sanga hambing Batak (''kambing Batak''). Pamatang ni hambing Samosir hombar tu hambing kassang, boratna boi 30-60 kilogram. Uarna ni buluna lumobi bontar sanga lumobi marbolang sian hambing kassang.<ref name=RAGAM/>

== Hambing riar ==
Diparbinotoan, molo hambing naung dipahani, boi museng mulak tu harangan gabe hambing riar, molo adong tingki ni angka hambing i lao tu harangan. Binatang jinak nadiboto mulak museng gabe riar, ima [[Huting]]. Hambing riar bahat di portibi on, alani i, sipata hambing riar gabe sada hama tu suansuanan ni jolma. Songon di [[Australia]], adong hira-hira 2,6 juta hambing riar, sanga 28% siang hambing riar di portibi on.<ref>[http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/0b78ac9f-c442-4fe1-9f96-8205f505a4c8/files/feral-goat.pdf, "The feral goat (''Capra hircus'') - Invasive species fact sheet"] (2011), www.environment.gov.au, diakses 29 Mei 2021</ref>

== Hagunaan ==
[[Ugasan:Goat milking on an organic farm in Israel.jpg|thumb|left|Mambuat susu ni hambing, di sada handang pinahan organik di [[Israel]] ]]

Hasil ni susu hambing, adong hira-hira 2% sian panolangi susu tahunan di portibi on.<ref>FAO. 1997. 1996 Production Yearbook. Food Agr. Organ., UN. Rome, Italy.</ref> Molo hambing jantan dohot hambing pamuean dang dipasirang, boi mangagor kualitas ni susu.

Bahat jolma mamangke susu ni hambing gabe susu tu anak, manggonti air susu ibu, sanga susu lombu. Disada buku taon 1970 didok, molo susu ni hambing dang sarupo dohot susuni jolma dohot susu ni lombu, alana susuni hambing lumobi momoan. Dungi muse, susu ni hambing bahat nilai-nilai terapeutik tu pangubati dohot nutrisi tu jolma.<ref>Devendra, C., and M. Burns (1970), ''Goat production in the tropics'', Commonwealth Bur. Anim. Breeding and Genetics,Tech. Commun. No. 19, tanggal 29 Mei 2021</ref> 

George Mateljan mandok molo susu ni hambing boi manggontihon susu ni lombu sangan susu ni biru-biru, molo naeng siminumon, lumobi molo adong na alergi tu sada susu ni binatang.<ref name=SUSU>The World's Healthiest Foods. [http://www.whfoods.org/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=131, "Milk, goat"] (3 Maret 2008), www.whfoods.org, 29 Mei 2021</ref>

{|
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Bahat ni nutri ragam susu (nilai min per 100g)<ref>Park,W.Y., G.F.W. Haenlein.ed. (2006). ''Handbook of Milk of Non-Bovine Mammals'', Blackwell Publishing, 29 Mei 2021</ref>
! Bahat ni nutrisi
! Susu ni Hambing
! Susu ni Lombu
! Susu ni Jolma
|-
! Lemak (g)
| 3.8
| 3.6
| 4.0
|-
! Protein (g)
| 3.5
| 3.3
| 1.2
|-
! Laktosa (g)
| 4.1
| 4.6
| 6.9
|-
! Abu (g)
| 0.8
| 0.7
| 0.2
|-
! Bahat ni pepejal (g)
| 12.2
| 12.3
| 12.3
|-
! Kalori
| 70
| 69
| 68
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
|+ Analisis protein susu per 100&nbsp;gram <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929071651/http://www.northwalesbuffalo.co.uk/milk_analysis.htm , ''Milk analysis''] North Wales Buffalo, 29 Mei 2021</ref>
|- style="text-align:center"
! Juzuk
! unit
! [[Lombu]]
! Hambing
! [[Biru-biru]]
! [[Horbo]]
|-
| style="text-align:right" | Air
| style="text-align:right" | g
| 87.8
| 88.9
| 83.0
| 81.1
|-
| style="text-align:right" | Protein
| style="text-align:right" | g
| 3.2
| 3.1
| 5.4
| 4.5
|-
| style="text-align:right" | Lemak
| style="text-align:right" | g
| 3.9
| 3.5
| 6.0
| 8.0
|-
| style="text-align:right" | Karbohidrat
| style="text-align:right" | g
| 4.8
| 4.4
| 5.1
| 4.9
|-
| style="text-align:right" | Energi
| style="text-align:right" | kcal
| 66
| 60
| 95
| 110
|-
| style="text-align:right" | Energi
| style="text-align:right" | kJ
| 275
| 253
| 396
| 463
|-
| style="text-align:right" | Gula (laktosa)
| style="text-align:right" | g
| 4.8
| 4.4
| 5.1
| 4.9
|-
| style="text-align:right" | Kolesterol
| style="text-align:right" | mg
| 14
| 10
| 11
| 8
|-
| style="text-align:right" | Kalsium
| style="text-align:right" | IU
| 120
| 100
| 170
| 195
|-
| style="text-align:right" | Asam lemak jenuh
| style="text-align:right" | g
| 2.4
| 2.3
| 3.8
| 4.2
|-
| style="text-align:right" | Asam lemak mono tak jenuh
| style="text-align:right" | g
| 1.1
| 0.8
| 1.5
| 1.7
|-
| style="text-align:right" | Asam lemak poli tak jenuh
| style="text-align:right" | g
| 0.1
| 0.1
| 0.3
| 0.2
|}
|}

== Pustaha ==

[[Horong:Binatang]]
[[Horong:Pinahan]]
<references />
[[Horong:Dorbia]]
Hambing (Surat Batak:ᯂᯔ᯲ᯅᯪᯰ, Indonesia; Kambing, Inggeris; Goat, sanga Latin; Capra aegagrus hircus) ima sada pinahan na nunga didomestikasi dipahani gabe jinak sian hambing riar. Asalna hambing ro sian Asia Narita dohot Eropa Purba. Hambing masuk ma tu Bovidae jala samansam tu Biru-biru alana duansa padohot tu Caprinae. Adong 300 jenis hambing na marasing-asing tompa na.Hirst, K. Kris. "The History of the Domestication of Goats". www.About.com. Diakses tanggal 27 Mei 2021.

 Turiturian 
thumb|Taning ni hambing sian huta Neolitik Atlit Yam
Hambing, ima binatang manang pinahan na dipahani jolma parjolo-jolo, sian bahat ni binatang.Breeds of Livestock; Goats: (Capra hircus), Oklahoma State University Board of Regents, diakses 29 Mei 2021 Analisis genetik naimbaru manabalhon hasil mamanati molo hambing gurun Bezoar sian Zagros, Iran,  diduga asal ni hampir sude hambing saonari.

 Partinandaan 
Hambing sada pinahan marngalu naandorang ukuranna. Hambing riar jantan manang hambing pamuean, mangarihon sapang tanding, alai tanding ni hambing jantan umbalgaan sian hambing pamuean. Dihatopanna, sude hambing ingkon adong janggutna, ihurna tar tu ginjang, buluna tigor jala kasar. Ganjang tubu ni hambing riar, dang dohot ihurna, hira-hira 1,3 meter - 1,4 meter, molo ihurna hira-hira 12 sentimeter - 15 sentimeter. Borat ni hambing pamuean sahat tu 50 kilogram - 55 kilogram, molo hambing jantan boi sahat tu 120 kilogram. Hambing riar mampar sian Spanyol sahat tu India, jala sian India sahat tu Utara ima Mongolia dohot Siberia. Lumban nagioti hambing, ima angka pardolokan na marbatu.

 Ragam ni hambing 
thumb|left|Sada anak ni hambing berusia dua taon di padang rumpai Tanjung
Adong bahat ragam ni hambing di Indonesia, boi mamereng hagunaanna museng, songon hambing panusuhon, hambing na dikawinkon (hata Indonesia ima penyilangan gen), hambing pedaging, hulinghuling, sangape hambing na gabe donga.

 Hambing Kassang 
Hambing hassang (Kambing kacang) ima sada ras unggul ni hambing naparjolo dipinahani di Indonesia. Ungkuran ni hambing kassang onbiasana gelleng, timbona hambing jantan hira 60 sentimeter sahat tu 65 sentimeter, jala hambing pamuean hira 56 sentimeter. Molo borat hambing jantan, boi sahat tu 25 kilogram, jala hambing pamuean hira 20 kilogram. Pinggolna biasana dingkal, buluna tigor jala pendek. Songoni tu hambing jantan dohot hambing pamuean, ingkon adong dua tadingna na pendek.9 Jenis dan Ciri Ciri Kambing Terlengkap (Marbahaso Indonesia), www.jenderalgaram.com, diakses tanggal 28 Mei 2021

 Hambing Etawah 
Hambing Etawah (Kambing Etawah), jotjot museng dijou hambing Jamnapari (kambing Jamnapari), rona sian India. Pamatang ni hambing Etawah on biasana balga, timbo ni hambing jantan boi 90 sentimeter sahat tu 127 sentimeter. Boratni hambing jantanna boi sahat tu 91 kilogram, salangkon hambing pamuean biasana holan sahat mar 63 kilograman. Pinggolna ganjang, jala habir tu toru, pardompahan dohot igungna jollung, adong muse tantingna pendek. Hambing Etawah on, boi gabe hambing sipanusu, sahari dapotma tolu liter susu sian sada hambing pamuean.

 Hambing Bortian Etawah 
Hambing Bortian Etawah (Kambing peranakan Etawah (PE)), ima hambing na dikawinkon silang, hambing Kassang dohot hambing Etawah. Parange ni hambing paranakon on, tudos tu hambing Kassang dohot tudos tu habing Etawah. Partinandaan ni hambing Peranakan Etawa sanga PE, bohina tar jollung, pinggolna ganjang alai gainggaing, pamatangna timbo. lelengni rindi hambing on 148,87 ari, masa manggintali ima 23 ari.Studi Kasus Produktivitas Kambing Peranakan Etawah dan Kambing Saanen pada Peternakan Kambing Perah Barokah dan PT. Taurus Dairy Farm, www.repository.ipb.ac.id, 29 Mei 2021

 Hambing Boer 
thumb|Hambing Boer, jotjot dibahen gabe sipanganon
Hambing Boer (kambing boer) ima hambing n bahat gabe sipanganon ni jolma. Hambing Boer, adong daya tahan pamatangna lumobi kuat, dang mura marsahit, timbo, boi mangolu di bukit namarbatu-batu, di adaran sanga ramba, jala mangallang angka duhut dohot  angka bulung. Patinandaan ni hambing on, pamatangna hombang jala ganjang, patna pendek, pinggolna ganjang mangantung tu toru. Buluna adong na bontar, uarna ni uluna sipata soklat, adong garis nabontar ditoru bohina. Borat ni hambing Boer boi 80-150 kilogram.

 Hambing Saanen 
Hambing Saenen (Kambing Saenen), ima ragam hambing naro sian kota Saenen, Swiss. Songoni tu hambing jantan sanga hambing pamuen, ingkon rap ganjang tanding na. Dung i, uarna ni buluna bontar. Igungna, pinggolna, dohot pamatangna, biasana maruarna na bontar, pinggolna gelleng alai tigor, boratna 30-50 kilogram.  Hambing Saanen on gabe hambing sipanusu.

 Hambing Saburai 
Hambing Saburai (Kambing saburai) adalah ima hasil hambing nadikawinkon hambing bortnian etawa dohot hambing boer. Hambing na marragam songon on, bahat di kabupaten Tanggamus, propinsi Lampung, Indonesia. Di huta naasing, hambing on biasana dijou hambing boerawa.Kambing Saburai - Komoditas Unggulan dari Tanggamus, www.ternak.com, diakses 29 Mei 2021

 Hambing Samosir 
Hombar tu goarna, hambing Samosir (Kambing Samosir) bahat mangolu di pulo Samosir, dihaliangi Tao Toba, kabupaten Samosir, propinsi Sumatera Utara. Hambing on jotjot digoari hambing nabontar (kambing putih) sanga hambing Batak (kambing Batak). Pamatang ni hambing Samosir hombar tu hambing kassang, boratna boi 30-60 kilogram. Uarna ni buluna lumobi bontar sanga lumobi marbolang sian hambing kassang.

 Hambing riar 
Diparbinotoan, molo hambing naung dipahani, boi museng mulak tu harangan gabe hambing riar, molo adong tingki ni angka hambing i lao tu harangan. Binatang jinak nadiboto mulak museng gabe riar, ima Huting. Hambing riar bahat di portibi on, alani i, sipata hambing riar gabe sada hama tu suansuanan ni jolma. Songon di Australia, adong hira-hira 2,6 juta hambing riar, sanga 28% siang hambing riar di portibi on."The feral goat (Capra hircus) - Invasive species fact sheet" (2011), www.environment.gov.au, diakses 29 Mei 2021

 Hagunaan 
thumb|left|Mambuat susu ni hambing, di sada handang pinahan organik di Israel 

Hasil ni susu hambing, adong hira-hira 2% sian panolangi susu tahunan di portibi on.FAO. 1997. 1996 Production Yearbook. Food Agr. Organ., UN. Rome, Italy. Molo hambing jantan dohot hambing pamuean dang dipasirang, boi mangagor kualitas ni susu.

Bahat jolma mamangke susu ni hambing gabe susu tu anak, manggonti air susu ibu, sanga susu lombu. Disada buku taon 1970 didok, molo susu ni hambing dang sarupo dohot susuni jolma dohot susu ni lombu, alana susuni hambing lumobi momoan. Dungi muse, susu ni hambing bahat nilai-nilai terapeutik tu pangubati dohot nutrisi tu jolma.Devendra, C., and M. Burns (1970), Goat production in the tropics, Commonwealth Bur. Anim. Breeding and Genetics,Tech. Commun. No. 19, tanggal 29 Mei 2021 

George Mateljan mandok molo susu ni hambing boi manggontihon susu ni lombu sangan susu ni biru-biru, molo naeng siminumon, lumobi molo adong na alergi tu sada susu ni binatang.The World's Healthiest Foods. "Milk, goat" (3 Maret 2008), www.whfoods.org, 29 Mei 2021

+ Bahat ni nutri ragam susu (nilai min per 100g)Park,W.Y., G.F.W. Haenlein.ed. (2006). Handbook of Milk of Non-Bovine Mammals, Blackwell Publishing, 29 Mei 2021 Bahat ni nutrisi Susu ni Hambing Susu ni Lombu Susu ni Jolma Lemak (g) 3.8 3.6 4.0 Protein (g) 3.5 3.3 1.2 Laktosa (g) 4.1 4.6 6.9 Abu (g) 0.8 0.7 0.2 Bahat ni pepejal (g) 12.2 12.3 12.3 Kalori 70 69 68+ Analisis protein susu per 100 gram , Milk analysis North Wales Buffalo, 29 Mei 2021 Juzuk unit Lombu Hambing Biru-biru Horbo Air g 87.8 88.9 83.0 81.1 Protein g 3.2 3.1 5.4 4.5 Lemak g 3.9 3.5 6.0 8.0 Karbohidrat g 4.8 4.4 5.1 4.9 Energi kcal 66 60 95 110 Energi kJ 275 253 396 463 Gula (laktosa) g 4.8 4.4 5.1 4.9 Kolesterol mg 14 10 11 8 Kalsium IU 120 100 170 195 Asam lemak jenuh g 2.4 2.3 3.8 4.2 Asam lemak mono tak jenuh g 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.7 Asam lemak poli tak jenuh g 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2

 Pustaha 

Horong:Binatang
Horong:Pinahan

Horong:Dorbia