Panda
[[Ugasan:Panda.jpg|thumb|kanan|Hua Mei, sada anak ni Panda di Kobun Binatang San Diego, Amerika Serikat]]
'''Panda''' ima sada [[binatang]] manang [[pinahan]] na holan adong mangolu di [[Sina]]. Molo tung pe adong Panda mangolu di ruar ni Sina, holan dipapinjamhon doi tu sada bangso, jala ingkon digarar tu Sina ingkon pajakna.<ref name="PANDA">[https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/vert-cap-48455379 ''Alasan Mengapa China Meminjamkan Panda ke Kebun Binatang di Seluruh Dunia''], www.bbc.com/indonesia, diakses 18 Juni 2021</ref><ref name="iucn">Swaisgood, R.; Wang, D.; Wei, F. (2016)' [http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/712/0 ''Ailuropoda melanoleuca''], IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, alaman e.T712A45033386, diakses 18 Juni 2021</ref> Sahat tu taon 2019, adong 26 Kobun Binatang di 18 nagara, na maminjam Panda tu Sina.<ref name="PANDA"/>

[[Ugasan:Mapa distribuicao Ailuropoda melanoleuca.png|thumb|Peta hangoluan ni Panda di [[Sina]]]]

Panda on sipata dijou museng gabe ''Panda Raksasa'' (''Ailuropoda melanoleuca'', <small>artina</small> "Kaki-kucing hitam-putih"; (Surat ni Sina Han: 大熊猫; Sina Pinyin: 大熊貓), <small>artina</small> "huting gompul nabalga (''kucing beruang besar'')",<ref name="Scheff Duncan">Scheff, Duncan (2002). ''Giant Pandas'' edisi: illustrated (series: ''Animals of the rain forest''), Heinemann-Raintree Library, ISBN: 0-7398-5529-8, alaman 7, 18 Juni 2021</ref> dipapendek gabe '''Panda''', ima binatang [[mamalia]] na dipamasuk tu horong ni binatang [[gompul]] (baruang sanga ''beruang'' di bahasa Indonesia).<ref name="Lindburg, Donald G.; Baragona, Karen 2004">Lindburg, Donald G. Baragona, Karen. (2004) ''Giant Pandas: Biology and Conservation'', University of California Press, ISBN: 0-520-23867-2, tanggal 18 Juni 2021</ref>

== Etimologi ==
Panjouan ni Panda di bahasa Sina ima disurat [[Sina|熊猫]], manjahana "[[Sina|xiong mao]]", artina "Huting-gompul". Tung pe panjouan di bahasa Sina dipabalik gabe "mao xiong", astuanna tong dang margonti, halak Sina totop mangantusi aha na dimaksud.

== Mula Pinungkani ==
Parjolo halina Panda Raksasa on ditanda halak Barat ima taon [[1869]], na dipatandahon sada [[misionaris]] sian [[Perancis]] namargoar [[Armand David]] ([[1826]]–[[1900]]).<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica Online">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/441032/giant-panda ''Giant Panda'' (2010)], Encyclopædia Britannica Online, diakses 18 Juni 2021</ref>

== Diplomasi Panda ==
[[Ugasan:Giant Panda Washington DC.JPG|thumb|kanan|Panda Raksasa di Taman Zoologi Nasional (Amerika Serikat)]]
'''Diplomasi Panda''' ima sada dalan nadipangke [[Sina|Tiongkok]] mangalehon upaupa (''hadiah'') diplomatik tu nagara asing. Paraktek on nungga adong di maso ni [[Dinasti Tang]], ditingki i [[Permaisuri Wu Zetian]] (625–705) mangalehon Panda tu kaisar [[Japang]].<ref name=Magnier>Mark Magnier, [http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-pandas21mar21,0,1642183.story?page=1&coll=la-home-headlines ''Attack of the Pandas''], Los Angeles Times, 18 Juni 2021</ref>

Dung i, maminjamhon Panda tu nagara asing tong dipadalan Sina, gabe dalan diplomatik. Di taon 1970-an, maminjam Panda ponting sajo tu Amerika Serikat dohot Japang, alana maminjam Panda on gabe adong partukaran budaya Sina dohot bangso naasing, tarmasuk Amerika dohot Japang.

Alai, di taon[[1984]], Sina manutup paminjaman Panda gabe alat diplomasi. Tiongkok mambahen sada aturan naimbaru, molo Panda holan boi dipapinjam tu sada nagara, sahat ni 10 taon. Adong ongkos maminjam Panda, sahat tu [[Dollar US|$]] 1.000.000 ([[Amerika Serikat|Dolar Amerika Serikat]]) sa taon. Molo Panda na dipinjam i maranak tingki paminjaman, anak nai totop gabe puna ni Sina. Sahat tu taon 2019, adong 26 Kobun Binatang di 18 nagara namandapot paminjaman Panda on.<ref name="PANDA"/>

== Konserpasi ==
[[Ugasan:Status iucn3.1 VU.svg|thumb|kanan|thumb|Status hangoluan ni Panda ima ''' "RENTAN" ''' sanga "Terancam Punah"]]
Panda Raksasa tarmasuk ma binatang na mura mago habitatna manang inganan na.<ref>Li, Renqiang. Xu, Ming. Wong, Michelle Hang Gi ''Climate change threatens giant panda protection in the 21st century - volume 182'' (Pebruari 2015), Biological Conservation, alaman 93–101, DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.037, 18 Juni 2021</ref> Dung i, bahat ni hatutubu na pe museng renda sanga saotik.<ref name="Britannica Earth">[https://archive.org/details/earthschangingen0000comp ''Earth's Changing Environment''], Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc, ISBN: 1-61535-339-9, alaman [https://archive.org/details/earthschangingen0000comp/page/49 49], diakses 18 Juni 2021</ref> Angka parilmu binatang mandok ingkon adong 1.600 Panda na mangolu di harangan ni Sina. Panda Raksasa gabe lambang ni [[World Wildlife Fund]] (WWF), organisasi pelestarian alam.

=== Bahat ni Panda ===
Bahat ni Panda taon 1976 sahat tu 2013:
{| class="wikitable"
!Taon
!Riar<ref>[http://www.animalinfo.org/species/carnivor/ailumela.htm#Population ''Animal Info – Giant Panda], www.animalinfo.org, diakses 18 Juni 2021</ref>
!Hamubaon
!Dipenangkaran
!Hamubaon
!Total
!Hamubaon
|-
|1976
|1,000
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|1985
|800–1,200
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|1987
|>1,000
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|1994
|1,200
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|1995
|1,000
| −200
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|2003
|1,596
| +596
|164<ref name=":0">Davison, Nicola. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/11441960/Chinas-panda-population-increases-by-17-per-cent-major-census-finds.html ''China's panda population increases by 17 per cent, major census finds''] (28 PebruarI 2015), www.telegraph.co.uk, diakses 18 Juni 2021</ref>
|n/a
|1,760
|n/a
|-
|2012
|n/a
|n/a
|341<ref>Brooks, Melody. [http://ielc.libguides.com/sdzg/factsheets/giantpanda ''Summary – Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) Fact Sheet, 2001 – ResearchGuides at International Environment Library Consortium''], ielc.libguides.com, diakses 18 Juni 2021</ref>
| +178
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|2013
|1,864<ref>[http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/endangered_species/giant_panda/panda/how_many_are_left_in_the_wild_population/ ''How many are left in the wild?''], wwf.panda.org, diakses 18 Juni 2021</ref>
| +268
|375<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">[http://www.pandasinternational.org/wptemp/panda-census-2013-wild-panda-population-increases-to-1864/ ''Panda Census 2013 {{!}} Wild Panda Population Increases to 1,864 {{!}} Pandas International''], www.pandasinternational.org, diakses 18 Juni 2021</ref>
| +34<ref name=":1" />
|2,239
| +479
|}

== Buku Sijahaon ==
* AFP (via [[Discovery Channel]]) (20 Juni 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20070325105323/http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2006/06/20/panda_ani.html?category=animals&guid=20060620103030&dcitc=w19-502-ak-0000 Panda Numbers Exceed Expectations].
* Associated Press (via [[CNN]]) (2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20060630162303/http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/asiapcf/01/06/china.taiwan.ap/index.html Article link].
* Catton, Chris (1990). ''Pandas''. Christopher Helm.
* Friends of the National Zoo (2006). ''Panda Cam: A Nation Watches Tai Shan the Panda Cub Grow''. New York: Fireside Books.
* Goodman, Brenda (12 Pebruari 2006). [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/12/national/12panda.html Pandas Eat Up Much of Zoos' Budgets]. ''[[The New York Times]]''.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061219071409/http://www.wwfchina.org/english/pandacentral/htm/wwf_at_work/panda_survey/q%26a.htm Panda Facts At a Glance] (N.d.). ''www.wwfchina.org''. WWF China.
* Ryder, Joanne (2001). ''Little panda: The World Welcomes Hua Mei at the San Diego Zoo''. New York: Simon & Schuster.
* Warren, Lynne (Juli 2006). "Panda, Inc." ''National Geographic''. (About Mei Xiang, Tai Shan and the Wolong Panda Research Facility in Chengdu China).

== Pustaha ==

[[Horong:Binatang]]
Panda ima sada binatang manang pinahan na holan adong mangolu di Sina. Molo tung pe adong Panda mangolu di ruar ni Sina, holan dipapinjamhon doi tu sada bangso, jala ingkon digarar tu Sina ingkon pajakna.Alasan Mengapa China Meminjamkan Panda ke Kebun Binatang di Seluruh Dunia, www.bbc.com/indonesia, diakses 18 Juni 2021Swaisgood, R.; Wang, D.; Wei, F. (2016)' Ailuropoda melanoleuca, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, alaman e.T712A45033386, diakses 18 Juni 2021 Sahat tu taon 2019, adong 26 Kobun Binatang di 18 nagara, na maminjam Panda tu Sina.

thumb|Peta hangoluan ni Panda di Sina

Panda on sipata dijou museng gabe Panda Raksasa (Ailuropoda melanoleuca, artina "Kaki-kucing hitam-putih"; (Surat ni Sina Han: 大熊猫; Sina Pinyin: 大熊貓), artina "huting gompul nabalga (kucing beruang besar)",Scheff, Duncan (2002). Giant Pandas edisi: illustrated (series: Animals of the rain forest), Heinemann-Raintree Library, ISBN: 0-7398-5529-8, alaman 7, 18 Juni 2021 dipapendek gabe Panda, ima binatang mamalia na dipamasuk tu horong ni binatang gompul (baruang sanga beruang di bahasa Indonesia).Lindburg, Donald G. Baragona, Karen. (2004) Giant Pandas: Biology and Conservation, University of California Press, ISBN: 0-520-23867-2, tanggal 18 Juni 2021

 Etimologi 
Panjouan ni Panda di bahasa Sina ima disurat 熊猫, manjahana "xiong mao", artina "Huting-gompul". Tung pe panjouan di bahasa Sina dipabalik gabe "mao xiong", astuanna tong dang margonti, halak Sina totop mangantusi aha na dimaksud.

 Mula Pinungkani 
Parjolo halina Panda Raksasa on ditanda halak Barat ima taon 1869, na dipatandahon sada misionaris sian Perancis namargoar Armand David (1826–1900).Giant Panda (2010), Encyclopædia Britannica Online, diakses 18 Juni 2021

 Diplomasi Panda 
thumb|kanan|Panda Raksasa di Taman Zoologi Nasional (Amerika Serikat)
Diplomasi Panda ima sada dalan nadipangke Tiongkok mangalehon upaupa (hadiah) diplomatik tu nagara asing. Paraktek on nungga adong di maso ni Dinasti Tang, ditingki i Permaisuri Wu Zetian (625–705) mangalehon Panda tu kaisar Japang.Mark Magnier, Attack of the Pandas, Los Angeles Times, 18 Juni 2021

Dung i, maminjamhon Panda tu nagara asing tong dipadalan Sina, gabe dalan diplomatik. Di taon 1970-an, maminjam Panda ponting sajo tu Amerika Serikat dohot Japang, alana maminjam Panda on gabe adong partukaran budaya Sina dohot bangso naasing, tarmasuk Amerika dohot Japang.

Alai, di taon1984, Sina manutup paminjaman Panda gabe alat diplomasi. Tiongkok mambahen sada aturan naimbaru, molo Panda holan boi dipapinjam tu sada nagara, sahat ni 10 taon. Adong ongkos maminjam Panda, sahat tu $ 1.000.000 (Dolar Amerika Serikat) sa taon. Molo Panda na dipinjam i maranak tingki paminjaman, anak nai totop gabe puna ni Sina. Sahat tu taon 2019, adong 26 Kobun Binatang di 18 nagara namandapot paminjaman Panda on.

 Konserpasi 
thumb|kanan|thumb|Status hangoluan ni Panda ima  "RENTAN"  sanga "Terancam Punah"
Panda Raksasa tarmasuk ma binatang na mura mago habitatna manang inganan na.Li, Renqiang. Xu, Ming. Wong, Michelle Hang Gi Climate change threatens giant panda protection in the 21st century - volume 182 (Pebruari 2015), Biological Conservation, alaman 93–101, DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.037, 18 Juni 2021 Dung i, bahat ni hatutubu na pe museng renda sanga saotik.Earth's Changing Environment, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc, ISBN: 1-61535-339-9, alaman 49, diakses 18 Juni 2021 Angka parilmu binatang mandok ingkon adong 1.600 Panda na mangolu di harangan ni Sina. Panda Raksasa gabe lambang ni World Wildlife Fund (WWF), organisasi pelestarian alam.

 Bahat ni Panda 
Bahat ni Panda taon 1976 sahat tu 2013:
{| class="wikitable"
!Taon
!Riar<ref>[http://www.animalinfo.org/species/carnivor/ailumela.htm#Population Animal Info – Giant Panda], www.animalinfo.org, diakses 18 Juni 2021</ref>
!Hamubaon
!Dipenangkaran
!Hamubaon
!Total
!Hamubaon
|-
|1976
|1,000
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|1985
|800–1,200
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|1987
|>1,000
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|1994
|1,200
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|1995
|1,000
| −200
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|2003
|1,596
| +596
|164Davison, Nicola. China's panda population increases by 17 per cent, major census finds (28 PebruarI 2015), www.telegraph.co.uk, diakses 18 Juni 2021
|n/a
|1,760
|n/a
|-
|2012
|n/a
|n/a
|341Brooks, Melody. Summary – Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) Fact Sheet, 2001 – ResearchGuides at International Environment Library Consortium, ielc.libguides.com, diakses 18 Juni 2021
| +178
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|2013
|1,864How many are left in the wild?, wwf.panda.org, diakses 18 Juni 2021
| +268
|375Panda Census 2013  Wild Panda Population Increases to 1,864  Pandas International, www.pandasinternational.org, diakses 18 Juni 2021
| +34
|2,239
| +479
|}

 Buku Sijahaon 
 AFP (via Discovery Channel) (20 Juni 2006). Panda Numbers Exceed Expectations.
 Associated Press (via CNN) (2006). Article link.
 Catton, Chris (1990). Pandas. Christopher Helm.
 Friends of the National Zoo (2006). Panda Cam: A Nation Watches Tai Shan the Panda Cub Grow. New York: Fireside Books.
 Goodman, Brenda (12 Pebruari 2006). Pandas Eat Up Much of Zoos' Budgets. The New York Times.
 Panda Facts At a Glance (N.d.). www.wwfchina.org. WWF China.
 Ryder, Joanne (2001). Little panda: The World Welcomes Hua Mei at the San Diego Zoo. New York: Simon & Schuster.
 Warren, Lynne (Juli 2006). "Panda, Inc." National Geographic''. (About Mei Xiang, Tai Shan and the Wolong Panda Research Facility in Chengdu China).

 Pustaha 

Horong:Binatang