क्रियात्मक समूह
[[फाइल:Benzyl acetate - functional groups and moieties.svg|right|thumb|300px|बेंजिल एसिटेट में [[इस्टर]] प्रकार्यात्मक समूह (केसरिया घेरा में) है।]]
[[कार्बनिक रसायन]] में, कवनो [[अणु]] में उपस्थित [[परमाणु|परमाणुन्]] या [[रासायनिक बन्धन|बन्धन्]] कय अइसन विशिष्ट समूह जवन उ [[कार्बनिक यौगिक]] कय रासायनिक गुणन् कय निर्धारण करत अहै,ओका '''प्रकार्यात्मक समूह''' या '''क्रियात्मक समूह''' (फंक्शनल ग्रुप) कहत हैं ।
== प्रमुख प्रकार्यात्मक समूहन् कय सुची ==

=== [[हाइड्रोकार्बन]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="background: #ffffff; text-align: center;width:550px"
|-
! रासायनिक वर्ग
! समूह
! सूत्र
! संरचनात्मक सूत्र
! उपसर्ग (Prefix)
! प्रत्यय (Suffix)
! उदाहरण
|-
| [[Alkane]] || [[Alkane|Alkyl]]
| R(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>n</sub>H
| [[फाइल:Alkyl-(general)-skeletal.svg|75px|Alkyl]]
| alkyl- || -ane
| [[फाइल:Ethane-2D.png|75px|methane]]<br>[[Ethane]]
|-
| [[Alkene]] || [[Alkene|Alkenyl]]
| R<sub>2</sub>C=CR<sub>2</sub>
| [[फाइल:Alkene-2D-skeletal.svg|75px|Alkene]]
| alkenyl- || -ene
| [[फाइल:Ethylene.svg|75px|ethylene]]<br>[[Ethylene]]<br/>''(Ethene)''
|-
| [[Alkyne]] || [[Alkyne|Alkynyl]]
| RC≡CR'
| [[फाइल:Alkyne general.svg|100px|Alkyne]]
| alkynyl- || -yne
| [[फाइल:Acetylene-2D.svg|100px|acetylene]]<br>[[Acetylene]]<br/>''(Ethyne)''
|-
|-
| [[Benzene|Benzene derivative]]
| [[Phenyl]]
| RC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub><br />RPh
| [[फाइल:Phenyl-group.png|75px|Phenyl]]
| phenyl- || -benzene
| [[फाइल:Cumene-skeletal.svg|75px|Cumene]]<br />[[Cumene]]<br/>''(2-phenylpropane)''
|-
| [[Toluene|Toluene derivative]]
| [[Benzyl]]
| RCH<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub><br />RBn
| [[फाइल:Benzyl-group.svg|75px|Benzyl]]
| benzyl-
| 1-(''substituent'')toluene
| [[फाइल:Benzyl-bromide-skeletal.svg|75px|Benzyl bromide]]<br />[[Benzyl bromide]]<br />''(α-Bromotoluene)''
|-
|}

=== हाइड्रोजन वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह ===
{| class="wikitable" style="background: #ffffff; text-align: center;width:550px"
|-
! [[रासायनिक वर्ग]]
! समूह
! सूत्र
! संरचनात्मक सूत्र
! उपसर्ग (Prefix)
! प्रत्यय (Suffix)
! उदाहरण
|-
| [[haloalkane]] || [[halogen|halo]]
| RX
| [[फाइल:Halide-group.svg|50px|Halide group]]
| halo- || alkyl '''halide'''
| [[फाइल:Chloroethane-skeletal.png|75px|Chloroethane]]<br>[[Chloroethane]]<br>''(Ethyl chloride)''
|-
| [[fluoroalkane]] || [[fluorine|fluoro]]
| RF
| [[फाइल:Fluoro-group.svg|50px|Fluoro group]]
| fluoro- || alkyl '''fluoride'''
| [[फाइल:Fluoromethane.svg|75px|Fluoromethane]]<br>[[Fluoromethane]]<br>''(Methyl fluoride)''
|-
| [[chloroalkane]] || [[chlorine|chloro]]
| RCl
| [[फाइल:Chloro-group.svg|50px|Chloro group]]
| chloro- || alkyl '''chloride'''
| [[फाइल:Chloromethane.svg|75px|Chloromethane]]<br>[[Chloromethane]]<br>''(Methyl chloride)''
|-
| [[bromoalkane]] || [[bromine|bromo]]
| RBr
| [[फाइल:Bromo-group.svg|50px|Bromo group]]
| bromo- || alkyl '''bromide'''
| [[फाइल:Methyl bromide.svg|75px|Bromomethane]]<br>[[Bromomethane]]<br>''(Methyl bromide)''
|-
| [[iodoalkane]] || [[iodine|iodo]]
| RI
| [[फाइल:Alkyl iodide.svg|50px|Iodo group]]
| iodo- || alkyl '''iodide'''
| [[फाइल:Iodomethane.svg|75px|Iodomethane]]<br>[[Iodomethane]]<br>''(Methyl iodide)''
|-
|}

=== आक्सीजन वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह ===
{| class="wikitable" style="background: #ffffff; text-align: center;width:300px"
|-
! [[रासायनिक वर्ग]]
! समूह
! सूत्र
! संरचनात्मक सूत्र
! उपसर्ग (Prefix)
! प्रत्यय (Suffix)
! उदाहरण
|-
| [[Alcohol]] || [[Hydroxyl]]
| ROH
| [[फाइल:Alcohol-(general)-skeletal.png|75px|Hydroxyl]]
| hydroxy- || '''-ol'''
| [[फाइल:Methanol-2D.png|90px|methanol]]<br>[[Methanol]]
|-
| [[Ketone]] || [[Carbonyl]]
| RCOR'
| [[फाइल:Ketone-group-2D-skeletal.svg|Ketone|75px]]
| -oyl-&nbsp;(-COR')<br>or<br>oxo- (=O) || '''-one'''
| [[फाइल:Butanone-structure-skeletal.png|75px|Butanone]]<br />[[Butanone]]<br>''(Methyl ethyl ketone)''
|-
| [[Aldehyde]] || [[Aldehyde]]
| RCHO
| [[फाइल:Skeletal formula of an aldehyde group.svg|75px|Aldehyde]]
| formyl- (-COH)<br>or<br>oxo- (=O)|| '''-al'''
| [[फाइल:Acetaldehyde-skeletal.svg|75px|acetaldehyde]]<br>[[Acetaldehyde]]<br/>''(Ethanal)''
|-
| [[Acyl halide]] || Haloformyl
| RCOX
| [[फाइल:Acyl-halide-skeletal.png|75px|Acyl halide]]
| carbonofluoridoyl-<br/>carbonochloridoyl-<br/>carbonobromidoyl-<br/>carbonoiodidoyl- || -oyl '''halide'''
| [[फाइल:Acetyl-chloride.png|75px|Acetyl chloride]]<br />[[Acetyl chloride]]<br/>''(Ethanoyl chloride)''
|-
|[[Carbonate ester|Carbonate]]
| [[Carbonate ester|Carbonate estere
]]
| ROCOOR
| [[फाइल:Carbonate-group-skeletal.svg|75px|Carbonate]]
| (alkoxycarbonyl)oxy-
| alkyl '''carbonate'''
| [[फाइल:Triphosgene-skeletal.png|90px|triphosgene]]<br>[[Triphosgene]]<br/>''(bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate)''
|-
| [[Carboxylic acid|Carboxylate]]
| [[Carboxylate]] || RCOO<sup>−</sup>
| [[फाइल:Carboxylate-resonance-hybrid.png|75px|Carboxylate]]<br>
[[फाइल:Carboxylate-canonical-forms.png|75px|Carboxylate]]
| carboxy- || -oate
| [[फाइल:Sodium-acetate-2D-skeletal.png|75px|Sodium acetate]]<br />[[Sodium acetate]]<br />''(Sodium ethanoate)''
|-
| [[Carboxylic acid]]
| [[Carboxyl]] || RCOOH
| [[फाइल:Carboxylic-acid-skeletal.svg|75px|Carboxylic acid]]
| carboxy- || -oic '''acid'''
| [[फाइल:Acetic-acid-2D-skeletal.svg|75px|Acetic acid]]<br />[[Acetic acid]]<br />''(Ethanoic acid)''
|-
| [[Ester]] || [[Ester]]
| RCOOR'
| [[फाइल:Ester-skeletal.png|Ester|75px]]
| alkanoyloxy-<br>or<br>alkoxycarbonyl|| alkyl alkan'''oate'''
| [[फाइल:Ethyl butyrate.png|75px|Ethyl butyrate]]<br>[[Ethyl butyrate]]<br>''(Ethyl butanoate)''
|-
| [[Methoxy]] || [[Methoxy]]
| ROCH3
| [[फाइल:Methoxy group.svg|75px|Methoxy]]
| methoxy-
|
|
|-
| [[Organic peroxide|Hydroperoxide]]
| [[Organic peroxide|Hydroperoxy]]
| ROOH
| [[फाइल:Hydroperoxide-group-2D.png|75px|Hydroperoxy]]
| hydroperoxy-
| alkyl '''hydroperoxide'''
| [[फाइल:TBHP.png|75px|''tert''-Butyl hydroperoxide]]<br />[[tert-Butyl hydroperoxide|''tert''-Butyl hydroperoxide]]
|-
| [[Organic peroxide|Peroxide]]
| [[Organic peroxide|Peroxy]]
| ROOR
| [[फाइल:Peroxy-group.png|75px|Peroxy]]
| peroxy-
| alkyl '''peroxide'''
| [[फाइल:Di-tert-butyl peroxide.svg|75px|Di-tert-butyl peroxide]]<br />[[Di-tert-butyl peroxide]]
|-
| [[Ether]] || [[Ether]]
| ROR'
| [[फाइल:Ether-(general).png|75px|Ether]]
| alkoxy-
| alkyl '''ether'''
| [[फाइल:Diethyl ether chemical structure.svg|75px|Diethyl ether]]<br>[[Diethyl ether]]<br>''(Ethoxyethane)''
|-
| [[Hemiacetal]] || [[Hemiacetal]]
| RCH(OR')(OH)
| [[फाइल:Hemiacetal general.svg|75px|Hemiacetal]]
| alkoxy -ol
| -al alkyl '''hemiacetal'''
| 
|-
| [[Hemiketal]] || [[Hemiketal]]
| RC(ORʺ)(OH)R'
| [[फाइल:Hemiketal-2D-skeletal.png|75px|Hemiketal]]
| alkoxy -ol
| -one alkyl '''hemiketal'''
| 
|-
| [[Acetal]] || [[Acetal]]
| RCH(OR')(OR")
| [[फाइल:Generic Acetal.png|75px|Acetal]]
| dialkoxy-
| -al dialkyl '''acetal'''
| 
|-
| [[Ketal]] (or [[Acetal]]) || [[Ketal]] (or [[Acetal]])
| {{nowrap|RC(OR&#x02BA;)(OR&#x2034;)R'}}
| [[फाइल:Ketal-2D-skeletal.png|75px|Ketal]]
| dialkoxy-
| -one dialkyl '''ketal'''
| 
|-
| [[Orthoester]] || [[Orthoester]]
| {{nowrap|RC(OR')(OR&#x02BA;)(OR&#x2034;)}}
| [[फाइल:Orthoester general structure.svg|75px|Orthoester]]
| trialkoxy-
| 
| 
|-
| [[Heterocycle]] || [[Methylenedioxy]]
| {{nowrap|PhOCOPh}}
| [[फाइल:Methylenedioxy skeletal.svg|75px|Methylenedioxy chemical structure.]]
| methylenedioxy-
| -dioxole
| [[फाइल:1,3-Benzodioxole.png|75px]]<br>[[1,3-Benzodioxole|1,2-Methylenedioxybenzene]]<br/>''(1,3-Benzodioxole)''
|-
| [[Orthocarbonate ester]] || [[Orthocarbonate ester]]
| {{nowrap|C(OR)(OR')(OR&#x02BA;)(OR&#x2033;)}}
| 
| tetralkoxy-
| ''tetraalkyl'' '''orthocarbonate'''
| 
|}

=== नाइट्रोजन वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह ===

{| class="wikitable" style="background: #ffffff; text-align: center;width:700px"
|-
! [[रासायनिक वर्ग]]
! समूह
! सूत्र
! संरचनात्मक सूत्र
! उपसर्ग (Prefix)
! प्रत्यय (Suffix)
! उदाहरण
|-
| [[Amide]] || [[Carboxamide]]
| RCONR<sub>2</sub>
| [[फाइल:Amide-(tertiary)-skeletal.png|75px|Amide]]
| carboxamido-<br>or<br>carbamoyl-|| -amide
| [[फाइल:Acetamide skeletal.svg|75px|acetamide]]<br>[[Acetamide]]<br/>''(Ethanamide)''
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Amine]]s
| [[amine|Primary amine]]
| RNH<sub>2</sub>
| [[फाइल:1°-amino-group.png|75px|Primary amine]]
| amino- || -amine
| [[फाइल:Methylamine-2D.png|75px|methylamine]]<br>[[Methylamine]]<br/>''(Methanamine)''
|-
| [[amine|Secondary amine]]
| R<sub>2</sub>NH
| [[फाइल:Amine-(secondary).png|75px|Secondary amine]]
| amino- || -amine
| [[फाइल:Dimethylamine-2D.png|75px|dimethylamine]]<br>[[Dimethylamine]]
|-
| [[amine|Tertiary amine]]
| R<sub>3</sub>N
| [[फाइल:Amine-(tertiary).png|75px|Tertiary amine]]
| amino- || -amine
| [[फाइल:Trimethylamine chemical structure.png|75px|trimethylamine]]<br>[[Trimethylamine]]
|-
| [[Quaternary ammonium cation|4° ammonium ion]]
| R<sub>4</sub>N<sup>+</sup>
| [[फाइल:Quaternary-ammonium-cation.svg|75px|Quaternary ammonium cation]]
| ammonio- || -ammonium
| [[फाइल:Choline-skeletal.svg|150px|choline]]<br>[[Choline]]
|-
|rowspan="4" | [[Imine]]
| [[imine|Primary ketimine]]
| RC(=NH)R'
| [[फाइल:Imine-(primary)-skeletal.svg|75px|Imine]]
| imino- || -imine
| 
|-
| [[imine|Secondary ketimine]]
| RC(=NR'')R'
| [[फाइल:Imine-(secondary)-skeletal.svg|75px|Imine]]
| imino- || -imine
| 
|-
| [[imine|Primary aldimine]]
| RC(=NH)H
| [[फाइल:Aldimine-(primary)-skeletal.svg|75px|Imine]]
| imino- || -imine
| [[फाइल:Ethanimine skeletal.svg|150px|Ethanimine]]<br>[[Ethanimine]]
|-
| [[imine|Secondary aldimine]]
| RC(=NR')H
| [[फाइल:Aldimine-(secondary)-skeletal.svg|75px|Imine]]
| imino- || -imine
| 
|-
| [[Imide]] || [[Imide]]
| (RCO)<sub>2</sub>NR'
| [[फाइल:ImideFxnlGp.png|75px|Imide]]
| imido-
| -imide
| [[फाइल:Succinimide.svg|75px|Succinimide]]<br>[[Succinimide]]<br>(Pyrrolidine-2,5-dione)
|-
| [[Azide]]
| [[Azide]]
| RN<sub>3</sub>
| [[फाइल:Azide-2D.png|75px|Organoazide]]
| azido- || alkyl '''azide'''
| [[फाइल:Phenyl azide-chemical.png|75px|Phenyl azide]]<br/>[[Phenyl azide]]<br/>(Azidobenzene)
|-
| [[Azo compound]]
| [[Azo compound|Azo<br />(Diimide)]]
| RN<sub>2</sub>R'
| [[फाइल:Azo-group.png|75px|Azo.pngl]]
| azo- || -diazene
| [[फाइल:Methyl-orange-skeletal.png|150px|Methyl orange]]<br/>[[Methyl orange]]<br/>(p-dimethylamino-azobenzenesulfonic acid)
|- 
| rowspan=2|[[Cyanate]]s
| [[Cyanate]] || ROCN
| [[फाइल:Cyanate-group.png|75px|Cyanate]]
| cyanato-
| alkyl '''cyanate'''
|[[फाइल:Methyl cyanate.png|150px|Methyl cyanate]]<br>[[Methyl cyanate]]
|-
| [[Isocyanate]] || RNCO
| [[फाइल:Isocyanate-group.svg|75px|Isocyanate]]
| isocyanato-
| alkyl '''isocyanate'''
| [[फाइल:Methyl-isocyanate.png|100px|Methyl isocyanate]]<br>[[Methyl isocyanate]]
|-
| [[Nitrate]] || [[Nitrate]]
| RONO<sub>2</sub>
| [[फाइल:Nitrate-group-2D.png|75px|Nitrate]]
| nitrooxy-, nitroxy- || 
alkyl '''nitrate'''
| [[फाइल:Amyl nitrate.svg|150px|Amyl nitrate]]<br/>[[Amyl nitrate]]<br>''(1-nitrooxypentane)''
|-
| rowspan=2|[[Nitrile]] 
| [[Nitrile]]
| RCN
| [[फाइल:Nitril (vzorec).svg|75px|Nitrile]]
| cyano-
| alkane'''nitrile'''<br>alkyl '''cyanide'''
| [[फाइल:Benzonitrile structure.png|75px|Benzonitrile]]<br />[[Benzonitrile]]<br>''(Phenyl cyanide)''
|-
| [[Isonitrile]] || RNC
| [[फाइल:Isocyanide-2D.png|75px|Isocyanide]]
| isocyano-
| alkane'''isonitrile'''<br>alkyl&nbsp;'''isocyanide'''
| [[फाइल:Methyl isocyanide.svg|90px|Methyl isocyanide]]<br />[[Methyl isocyanide]]
|-
| [[Nitrite]] || [[Nitrite|Nitrosooxy]]
| RONO
| [[फाइल:Nitrite-group-2D.svg|75px|Nitrite]]
| nitrosooxy- ||
alkyl '''nitrite'''
| [[फाइल:Amyl nitrite.svg|150px|Amyl nitrite]]<br/>[[Isoamyl nitrite]]<br>''(3-methyl-1-nitrosooxybutane)''
|-
| [[Nitro compound]]
| [[Nitro functional group|Nitro]]
| RNO<sub>2</sub>
| [[फाइल:Nitro-group.png|75px|Nitro]]
| nitro- || &nbsp;
| [[फाइल:Nitromethane2.png|75px|Nitromethane]]<br />[[Nitromethane]]
|-
| [[Nitroso|Nitroso compound]]
| [[Nitroso]] || RNO
| [[फाइल:Nitroso-compound-2D.png|75px|Nitroso]]
| nitroso- (Nitrosyl-) || &nbsp;
| [[फाइल:Nitrosobenzene.png|75px|Nitrosobenzene]]<br />[[Nitrosobenzene]]
|-
| [[Pyridine|Pyridine derivative]]
| [[Pyridine|Pyridyl]]
| RC<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>N
| 
[[फाइल:4-pyridyl.svg|75px|4-pyridyl group]]<br>
[[फाइल:3-pyridyl.svg|75px|3-pyridyl group]]<br>
[[फाइल:2-pyridyl.svg|75px|2-pyridyl group]]<br>
| 
4-pyridyl<br>(pyridin-4-yl)

3-pyridyl<br>(pyridin-3-yl)

2-pyridyl<br>(pyridin-2-yl)
| -pyridine
| [[फाइल:Nicotine skeletal.svg|75px|Nicotine]]<br />[[Nicotine]]
|-
|}

=== गंधक वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह ===
{| class="wikitable" style="background: #ffffff; text-align: center;width:800px"
|-
! [[रासायनिक वर्ग]]
! समूह
! सूत्र
! संरचनात्मक सूत्र
! उपसर्ग (Prefix)
! प्रत्यय (Suffix)
! उदाहरण
|-
| [[Thiol]]
| [[Thiol|Sulfhydryl]]
| RSH
| [[फाइल:Thiol-group.png|75px|Sulfhydryl]]
| sulfanyl-<br>(-SH)
| -'''thiol'''
| [[फाइल:Ethanethiol-skeletal.svg|75px|Ethanethiol]]<br />[[Ethanethiol]]
|-
| [[Sulfide]]<br/>([[Thioether]])
| [[Sulfide]]
| RSR'
| [[फाइल:Sulfide-group-2D.png|75px|Sulfide group]]
| ''substituent''&nbsp;sulfanyl-<br>(-SR')
| di(''substituent'')&nbsp;'''sulfide'''
|<br>[[फाइल:Dimethyl sulfide structure.svg|130px|Dimethyl sulfide]]<br><br />[[(Methylsulfanyl)methane|(Methylsulfanyl)methane]]&nbsp;(prefix)&nbsp;or<br/>[[Dimethyl sulfide]] (suffix)
|-
| [[Disulfide bond|Disulfide]] || [[Disulfide]]
| RSSR'
| [[फाइल:Disulfide general formula.svg|75px|Disulfide]] 
| ''substituent''&nbsp;disulfanyl-<br>(-SSR')
| di(''substituent'')&nbsp;'''disulfide'''
|<br/>[[फाइल:Dimethyl disulfide.PNG|130px|Dimethyl disulfide]]<br><br>[[(Methyldisulfanyl)methane|(Methyldisulfanyl)methane]]&nbsp;(prefix)&nbsp;or<br>[[Dimethyl disulfide]] (suffix)
|-
| [[Sulfoxide]]
| [[Sulfoxide|Sulfinyl]]
| RSOR'
| [[फाइल:Sulfoxide.png|75px|Sulfinyl group]]
| -sulfinyl-<br>(-SOR')
| di(''substituent'')&nbsp;'''sulfoxide'''
| [[फाइल:Dimethylsulfoxid.svg|130px|DMSO]]<br />[[(Methanesulfinyl)methane|(Methanesulfinyl)methane]]&nbsp;(prefix)&nbsp;or<br>[[Dimethyl sulfoxide]] (suffix)
|-
| [[Sulfone]]
| [[Sulfone|Sulfonyl]]
| RSO<sub>2</sub>R'
| [[फाइल:Sulfone.png|75px|Sulfonyl group]]
| -sulfonyl-<br>(-SO<sub>2</sub>R')
| di(''substituent'')&nbsp;'''sulfone'''
| [[फाइल:DMSO2.svg|75px|Dimethyl sulfone]]<br/>[[(Methanesulfonyl)methane|(Methanesulfonyl)methane]]&nbsp;(prefix)&nbsp;or<br>[[Dimethyl sulfone]] (suffix)
|-
| [[Sulfinic&nbsp;acid]] || Sulfino
| RSO<sub>2</sub>H
| [[फाइल:Sulfinic-acid-2D.png|75px]]
| sulfino-<br>(-SO<sub>2</sub>H)
| -'''sulfinic&nbsp;acid'''
| [[फाइल:Hypotaurine.svg|75px|Hypotaurine]]<br />[[2-Aminoethanesulfinic acid]]
|-
| [[Sulfonic&nbsp;acid]] || Sulfo
| RSO<sub>3</sub>H
| [[फाइल:Sulfonic-acid.png|75px|Sulfonyl group]]
| sulfo-<br>(-SO<sub>3</sub>H)
| -'''sulfonic&nbsp;acid'''
| [[फाइल:Benzenesulfonic-acid-2D-skeletal.png|75px|Benzenesulfonic acid]]<br />[[Benzenesulfonic acid]]
|-
| rowspan=2|[[Thiocyanate]] 
| [[Thiocyanate]] || RSCN
| [[फाइल:Thiocyanate-group.png|75px|Thiocyanate]]
| thiocyanato-<br>(-SCN)
| ''substituent''&nbsp;'''thiocyanate'''
| [[फाइल:Phenyl thiocyanate.svg|100px|Phenyl thiocyanate]]<br />[[Phenyl thiocyanate]]
|-
| [[Isothiocyanate]] || RNCS
| [[फाइल:Isothiocyanate-group.png|75px|Isothiocyanate]]
| isothiocyanato-<br>(-NCS)
| ''substituent''&nbsp;'''isothiocyanate'''
| [[फाइल:Allyl-isothiocyanate-2D-skeletal.png|100px|Allyl isothiocyanate]]<br />[[Allyl isothiocyanate]]
|-
| [[Thione]]
| [[Carbonothioyl]]
| RCSR'
| [[फाइल:Thioketone structure.png|60px|Thione]]
| -thioyl-<br/>(-CSR')<br/>or<br/>sulfanylidene-<br>(=S)
| -'''thione'''
| [[फाइल:Thiobenzophenone-2D-skeletal.png|75px|Diphenylmethanethione]]<br />[[Diphenylmethanethione]]<br/>([[Thiobenzophenone]])
|-
| [[Thial]]
| [[Carbonothioyl]]
| RCSH
| [[फाइल:Thial-skeletal.svg|60px|Thial]]
| methanethioyl-<br/>(-CSH)<br/>or<br/>sulfanylidene-<br>(=S)
| -'''thial'''
| 
|}

=== फॉस्फोरस वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह ===
{| class="wikitable" style="background: #ffffff; text-align: center;width:800px"
|-
! [[रासायनिक वर्ग]]
! समूह
! सूत्र
! संरचनात्मक सूत्र
! उपसर्ग (Prefix)
! प्रत्यय (Suffix)
! उदाहरण
|-
| [[Phosphine]]<br>([[Phosphane]]) || Phosphino
| R<sub>3</sub>P
| [[फाइल:Phosphine-general.svg|75px|A tertiary phosphine]]
| phosphanyl- || -phosphane
| [[फाइल:Methylpropylphosphane-skeletal.svg|75px|Methylpropylphosphane]]<br />Methylpropylphosphane
|-
| [[Phosphonic acid]] 
| Phosphono
| RP(=O)(OH)<sub>2</sub>
| [[फाइल:Phosphonic-acid-generic.png|75px|Phosphono group]]
| phosphono-
| ''substituent'' '''phosphonic acid'''
| [[फाइल:Benzylphosphonic-acid-2D-skeletal.png|75px|Benzylphosphonic acid]]<br />Benzylphosphonic acid
|-
| rowspan=2| [[Phosphate]] 
| rowspan=2| Phosphate
| rowspan=2| ROP(=O)(OH)<sub>2</sub>
| rowspan=2| [[फाइल:Phosphate-group.png|75px|Phosphate group]]
| rowspan=2| phosphonooxy-<br>or<br>''O''-phosphono-&nbsp;(phospho-)
| rowspan=2| ''substituent'' '''phosphate'''
| [[फाइल:G3P-2D-skeletal.png|75px|Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate]]<br />[[Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate|Glyceraldehyde&nbsp;3-phosphate]] (suffix)
|-
| [[फाइल:Phosphocholine.png|75px|Phosphocholine]]<br />''O''-Phosphonocholine&nbsp;(prefix)<br>([[Phosphocholine]])
|-
| rowspan=2|[[Phosphodiester bonds|Phosphodiester]]
| rowspan=2|[[Phosphate]]
| rowspan=2|HOPO(OR)<sub>2</sub>
| rowspan=2|[[फाइल:Phosphodiester-group.png|75px|Phosphodiester]]
| rowspan=2|<small>[(alkoxy)hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-<br>or<br>''O''-[(alkoxy)hydroxyphosphoryl]-</small>
| rowspan=2|di(''substituent'') hydrogen&nbsp;'''phosphate'''<br>or<br>phosphoric&nbsp;acid di(''substituent'')&nbsp;'''ester'''
| [[DNA]]
|-
| <small>''O''‑[(2‑Guanidinoethoxy)hydroxyphosphoryl]‑{{Smallcaps|l}}‑serine</small>&nbsp;(prefix)<br>([[Lombricine]])
|}

=== बोरॉन वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! [[रासायनिक वर्ग]]
! समूह
! सूत्र
! संरचनात्मक सूत्र
! उपसर्ग (Prefix)
! प्रत्यय (Suffix)
! उदाहरण
|-
| [[Boronic acid]] || Borono || RB(OH)<sub>2</sub> || [[फाइल:Boronic-acid-2D.png|70px]] || Borono- || ''substituent''<br>'''boronic acid''' || <center>[[फाइल:Phenylboronic acid.png|70px|Phenylboronic acid]]<br>[[Phenylboronic acid]]</center>
|-
| [[Boronic acid#Boronic esters (also named boronate esters)|Boronic ester]] || Boronate || RB(OR)<sub>2</sub> || [[फाइल:Boronate-ester-2D.png|70px]] || O-[bis(alkoxy)alkylboronyl]- || ''substituent''<br>'''boronic acid'''<br>di(''substituent'') '''ester''' || 
|-
| [[Borinic acid]] || Borino || R<sub>2</sub>BOH || [[फाइल:Borinic-acid-2D.png|70px]] || Hydroxyborino- || di(''substituent'')<br>'''borinic acid''' || 
|-
| [[Boronic acid#Borinic acids and esters|Borinic ester]] || Borinate || R<sub>2</sub>BOR || [[फाइल:Borinate-ester-2D.png|70px]] || O-[alkoxydialkylboronyl]- || di(''substituent'')<br>'''borinic acid'''<br>''substituent'' '''ester''' || <center>[[फाइल:2-APB.png|140px|2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate]]<br><small>Diphenylborinic acid 2-aminoethyl ester</small><br>([[2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate]])</center>
|}
कार्बनिक रसायन में, कवनो अणु में उपस्थित परमाणुन् या बन्धन् कय अइसन विशिष्ट समूह जवन उ कार्बनिक यौगिक कय रासायनिक गुणन् कय निर्धारण करत अहै,ओका प्रकार्यात्मक समूह या क्रियात्मक समूह (फंक्शनल ग्रुप) कहत हैं ।
 प्रमुख प्रकार्यात्मक समूहन् कय सुची 

 हाइड्रोकार्बन 
 रासायनिक वर्ग समूह सूत्र संरचनात्मक सूत्र उपसर्ग (Prefix) प्रत्यय (Suffix) उदाहरण Alkane  Alkyl R(CH2)nH 75px|Alkyl alkyl-  -ane 75px|methaneEthane Alkene  Alkenyl R2C=CR2 75px|Alkene alkenyl-  -ene 75px|ethyleneEthylene(Ethene) Alkyne  Alkynyl RC≡CR' 100px|Alkyne alkynyl-  -yne 100px|acetyleneAcetylene(Ethyne) Benzene derivative Phenyl RC6H5RPh 75px|Phenyl phenyl-  -benzene 75px|CumeneCumene(2-phenylpropane) Toluene derivative Benzyl RCH2C6H5RBn 75px|Benzyl benzyl- 1-(substituent)toluene 75px|Benzyl bromideBenzyl bromide(α-Bromotoluene)

 हाइड्रोजन वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह 
 रासायनिक वर्ग समूह सूत्र संरचनात्मक सूत्र उपसर्ग (Prefix) प्रत्यय (Suffix) उदाहरण haloalkane  halo RX 50px|Halide group halo-  alkyl halide 75px|ChloroethaneChloroethane(Ethyl chloride) fluoroalkane  fluoro RF 50px|Fluoro group fluoro-  alkyl fluoride 75px|FluoromethaneFluoromethane(Methyl fluoride) chloroalkane  chloro RCl 50px|Chloro group chloro-  alkyl chloride 75px|ChloromethaneChloromethane(Methyl chloride) bromoalkane  bromo RBr 50px|Bromo group bromo-  alkyl bromide 75px|BromomethaneBromomethane(Methyl bromide) iodoalkane  iodo RI 50px|Iodo group iodo-  alkyl iodide 75px|IodomethaneIodomethane(Methyl iodide)

 आक्सीजन वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह 
 रासायनिक वर्ग समूह सूत्र संरचनात्मक सूत्र उपसर्ग (Prefix) प्रत्यय (Suffix) उदाहरण Alcohol  Hydroxyl ROH 75px|Hydroxyl hydroxy-  -ol 90px|methanolMethanol Ketone  Carbonyl RCOR' Ketone|75px -oyl- (-COR')oroxo- (=O)  -one 75px|ButanoneButanone(Methyl ethyl ketone) Aldehyde  Aldehyde RCHO 75px|Aldehyde formyl- (-COH)oroxo- (=O) -al 75px|acetaldehydeAcetaldehyde(Ethanal) Acyl halide  Haloformyl RCOX 75px|Acyl halide carbonofluoridoyl-carbonochloridoyl-carbonobromidoyl-carbonoiodidoyl-  -oyl halide 75px|Acetyl chlorideAcetyl chloride(Ethanoyl chloride)Carbonate Carbonate estere ROCOOR 75px|Carbonate (alkoxycarbonyl)oxy- alkyl carbonate 90px|triphosgeneTriphosgene(bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate) Carboxylate Carboxylate  RCOO− 75px|Carboxylate
75px|Carboxylate carboxy-  -oate 75px|Sodium acetateSodium acetate(Sodium ethanoate) Carboxylic acid Carboxyl  RCOOH 75px|Carboxylic acid carboxy-  -oic acid 75px|Acetic acidAcetic acid(Ethanoic acid) Ester  Ester RCOOR' Ester|75px alkanoyloxy-oralkoxycarbonyl alkyl alkanoate 75px|Ethyl butyrateEthyl butyrate(Ethyl butanoate) Methoxy  Methoxy ROCH3 75px|Methoxy methoxy- Hydroperoxide Hydroperoxy ROOH 75px|Hydroperoxy hydroperoxy- alkyl hydroperoxide 75px|tert-Butyl hydroperoxidetert-Butyl hydroperoxide Peroxide Peroxy ROOR 75px|Peroxy peroxy- alkyl peroxide 75px|Di-tert-butyl peroxideDi-tert-butyl peroxide Ether  Ether ROR' 75px|Ether alkoxy- alkyl ether 75px|Diethyl etherDiethyl ether(Ethoxyethane) Hemiacetal  Hemiacetal RCH(OR')(OH) 75px|Hemiacetal alkoxy -ol -al alkyl hemiacetal  Hemiketal  Hemiketal RC(ORʺ)(OH)R' 75px|Hemiketal alkoxy -ol -one alkyl hemiketal  Acetal  Acetal RCH(OR')(OR") 75px|Acetal dialkoxy- -al dialkyl acetal  Ketal (or Acetal)  Ketal (or Acetal)  75px|Ketal dialkoxy- -one dialkyl ketal  Orthoester  Orthoester  75px|Orthoester trialkoxy-   Heterocycle  Methylenedioxy  75px|Methylenedioxy chemical structure. methylenedioxy- -dioxole 75px1,2-Methylenedioxybenzene(1,3-Benzodioxole) Orthocarbonate ester  Orthocarbonate ester   tetralkoxy- tetraalkyl orthocarbonate 

 नाइट्रोजन वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह 

 रासायनिक वर्ग समूह सूत्र संरचनात्मक सूत्र उपसर्ग (Prefix) प्रत्यय (Suffix) उदाहरण Amide  Carboxamide RCONR2 75px|Amide carboxamido-orcarbamoyl- -amide 75px|acetamideAcetamide(Ethanamide) Amines Primary amine RNH2 75px|Primary amine amino-  -amine 75px|methylamineMethylamine(Methanamine) Secondary amine R2NH 75px|Secondary amine amino-  -amine 75px|dimethylamineDimethylamine Tertiary amine R3N 75px|Tertiary amine amino-  -amine 75px|trimethylamineTrimethylamine 4° ammonium ion R4N+ 75px|Quaternary ammonium cation ammonio-  -ammonium 150px|cholineCholine Imine Primary ketimine RC(=NH)R' 75px|Imine imino-  -imine  Secondary ketimine RC(=NR)R'
| 75px|Imine
| imino- || -imine
| 
|-
| Primary aldimine
| RC(=NH)H
| 75px|Imine
| imino- || -imine
| 150px|EthanimineEthanimine
|-
| Secondary aldimine
| RC(=NR')H
| 75px|Imine
| imino- || -imine
| 
|-
| Imide || Imide
| (RCO)2NR'
| 75px|Imide
| imido-
| -imide
| 75px|SuccinimideSuccinimide(Pyrrolidine-2,5-dione)
|-
| Azide
| Azide
| RN3
| 75px|Organoazide
| azido- || alkyl azide
| 75px|Phenyl azidePhenyl azide(Azidobenzene)
|-
| Azo compound
| Azo(Diimide)
| RN2R'
| 75px|Azo.pngl
| azo- || -diazene
| 150px|Methyl orangeMethyl orange(p-dimethylamino-azobenzenesulfonic acid)
|- 
| rowspan=2|Cyanates
| Cyanate || ROCN
| 75px|Cyanate
| cyanato-
| alkyl cyanate
|150px|Methyl cyanateMethyl cyanate
|-
| Isocyanate || RNCO
| 75px|Isocyanate
| isocyanato-
| alkyl isocyanate
| 100px|Methyl isocyanateMethyl isocyanate
|-
| Nitrate || Nitrate
| RONO2
| 75px|Nitrate
| nitrooxy-, nitroxy- || 
alkyl nitrate
| 150px|Amyl nitrateAmyl nitrate(1-nitrooxypentane)|-
| rowspan=2|Nitrile 
| Nitrile
| RCN
| 75px|Nitrile
| cyano-
| alkanenitrilealkyl cyanide
| 75px|BenzonitrileBenzonitrile(Phenyl cyanide)|-
| Isonitrile || RNC
| 75px|Isocyanide
| isocyano-
| alkaneisonitrilealkyl isocyanide
| 90px|Methyl isocyanideMethyl isocyanide
|-
| Nitrite || Nitrosooxy
| RONO
| 75px|Nitrite
| nitrosooxy- ||
alkyl nitrite
| 150px|Amyl nitriteIsoamyl nitrite(3-methyl-1-nitrosooxybutane)'' Nitro compound Nitro RNO2 75px|Nitro nitro-    75px|NitromethaneNitromethane Nitroso compound Nitroso  RNO 75px|Nitroso nitroso- (Nitrosyl-)    75px|NitrosobenzeneNitrosobenzene Pyridine derivative Pyridyl RC5H4N 
75px|4-pyridyl group
75px|3-pyridyl group
75px|2-pyridyl group 
4-pyridyl(pyridin-4-yl)

3-pyridyl(pyridin-3-yl)

2-pyridyl(pyridin-2-yl) -pyridine 75px|NicotineNicotine

 गंधक वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह 
 रासायनिक वर्ग समूह सूत्र संरचनात्मक सूत्र उपसर्ग (Prefix) प्रत्यय (Suffix) उदाहरण Thiol Sulfhydryl RSH 75px|Sulfhydryl sulfanyl-(-SH) -thiol 75px|EthanethiolEthanethiol Sulfide(Thioether) Sulfide RSR' 75px|Sulfide group substituent sulfanyl-(-SR') di(substituent) sulfide130px|Dimethyl sulfide(Methylsulfanyl)methane (prefix) orDimethyl sulfide (suffix) Disulfide  Disulfide RSSR' 75px|Disulfide  substituent disulfanyl-(-SSR') di(substituent) disulfide130px|Dimethyl disulfide(Methyldisulfanyl)methane (prefix) orDimethyl disulfide (suffix) Sulfoxide Sulfinyl RSOR' 75px|Sulfinyl group -sulfinyl-(-SOR') di(substituent) sulfoxide 130px|DMSO(Methanesulfinyl)methane (prefix) orDimethyl sulfoxide (suffix) Sulfone Sulfonyl RSO2R' 75px|Sulfonyl group -sulfonyl-(-SO2R') di(substituent) sulfone 75px|Dimethyl sulfone(Methanesulfonyl)methane (prefix) orDimethyl sulfone (suffix) Sulfinic acid  Sulfino RSO2H 75px sulfino-(-SO2H) -sulfinic acid 75px|Hypotaurine2-Aminoethanesulfinic acid Sulfonic acid  Sulfo RSO3H 75px|Sulfonyl group sulfo-(-SO3H) -sulfonic acid 75px|Benzenesulfonic acidBenzenesulfonic acidThiocyanate  Thiocyanate  RSCN 75px|Thiocyanate thiocyanato-(-SCN) substituent thiocyanate 100px|Phenyl thiocyanatePhenyl thiocyanate Isothiocyanate  RNCS 75px|Isothiocyanate isothiocyanato-(-NCS) substituent isothiocyanate 100px|Allyl isothiocyanateAllyl isothiocyanate Thione Carbonothioyl RCSR' 60px|Thione -thioyl-(-CSR')orsulfanylidene-(=S) -thione 75px|DiphenylmethanethioneDiphenylmethanethione(Thiobenzophenone) Thial Carbonothioyl RCSH 60px|Thial methanethioyl-(-CSH)orsulfanylidene-(=S) -thial 

 फॉस्फोरस वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह 
 रासायनिक वर्ग समूह सूत्र संरचनात्मक सूत्र उपसर्ग (Prefix) प्रत्यय (Suffix) उदाहरण Phosphine(Phosphane)  Phosphino R3P 75px|A tertiary phosphine phosphanyl-  -phosphane 75px|MethylpropylphosphaneMethylpropylphosphane Phosphonic acid  Phosphono RP(=O)(OH)2 75px|Phosphono group phosphono- substituent phosphonic acid 75px|Benzylphosphonic acidBenzylphosphonic acid Phosphate  Phosphate ROP(=O)(OH)2 75px|Phosphate group phosphonooxy-orO-phosphono- (phospho-) substituent phosphate 75px|Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphateGlyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (suffix) 75px|PhosphocholineO-Phosphonocholine (prefix)(Phosphocholine)PhosphodiesterPhosphateHOPO(OR)275px|Phosphodiester[(alkoxy)hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-orO-[(alkoxy)hydroxyphosphoryl]-di(substituent) hydrogen phosphateorphosphoric acid di(substituent) ester DNA O‑[(2‑Guanidinoethoxy)hydroxyphosphoryl]‑‑serine (prefix)(Lombricine)

 बोरॉन वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह 

 रासायनिक वर्ग समूह सूत्र संरचनात्मक सूत्र उपसर्ग (Prefix) प्रत्यय (Suffix) उदाहरण Boronic acid  Borono  RB(OH)2  70px  Borono-  substituentboronic acid  70px|Phenylboronic acidPhenylboronic acid Boronic ester  Boronate  RB(OR)2  70px  O-[bis(alkoxy)alkylboronyl]-  substituentboronic aciddi(substituent) ester   Borinic acid  Borino  R2BOH  70px  Hydroxyborino-  di(substituent)borinic acid   Borinic ester  Borinate  R2BOR  70px  O-[alkoxydialkylboronyl]-  di(substituent)borinic acidsubstituent ester  140px|2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borateDiphenylborinic acid 2-aminoethyl ester(2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate)