Hudson Bost serna
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{{Teliz toza}}
'''Hudson Bost serna''' (&nbsp;''Hudson River School''&nbsp;) tir yambaf lizor awiyis koe [[Tanarasokeem]] bak XIX<sup>-eafa</sup> decemda is reduyus gan lospa dem lingesik turestayan gan [[Lingeropafa pestakeva|pestakeva]].
[[Iyeltak:Louis Rémy Mignot - Niagara - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|[[Louis Rémy Mignot]], ''Niagara'' (1866)]]

== Taneafa oxila ==
Hudson Bost serna va konak amerikaf lingesik kobayas wali 1820<sup>-e</sup> sanda isu 1870<sup>-e</sup> lospar. Geltron muxaks bak 1879 anton zo glotcayar. Taneaf lingeropaf lizor awiyis koe Tanarasokeem, inafa redura jadion pu [[Thomas Cole]] (&nbsp;1801-1848&nbsp;) zo yofter. Bantan koe Catskill bak 1836 va int inkeyer azen inafa trutca kaatoesa va amerikapaf patectoy, va aryon lingesik tcampus va inafa tula num batinde tazukas va Hudson Bost serna di turestayad.

Lingesik ke taneafa oxila va Hudson krant is monexo is dere Catskill jaka isu Adirondacks isu White valentrone Tanarasokeem lasukaatoeyed. Va patectoy ton brevizap nelkon lingeyed.

Yambik ke Hudson Bost serna va rietova va Lugode tuevayana gan Edmund Blake eireaf trakopik kan ''A philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful'' (&nbsp;''Trakopafa kogrupara va Xanta ke Minyona Rieta va Lugode is Liste, 1757''&nbsp;). Trakuyud da Tuwava tiyir exaksara ke lorafa gijarotiuca isu vonuca. Ware ketaf patectoy ke Tanarasokeem gu Xantafuda zo doluneyed

== Toleafa oxila (&nbsp;1848-1870&nbsp;) ==
Radimi awalkera ke Thomas Cole bak 1870, [[Asher Brown Durand]] (&nbsp;1796-1886&nbsp;) va otsa ke lizor narir. Vanpiyir taneagadesik ke ''Vedeyaf Cultim va Zovdara'' (&nbsp;National Academy of Design&nbsp;) ise va verteem ke patectoyafa lingeropa tubeksayar. Durand va John William Caselear tavembik doon doimpayar numen bantan va gretcara joke patectoyafa lingeropa jovleyer, abdialbason va brevizam lodam glupaf buneks ke yambik ke taneafa oxila.

Soe lingesik ke Hudson Bost serna me tid male milyona seltafa anameda ise va mil martig me dye uned. Toleafa oxila ke Hudson Bost serna va afifa keska isu anamedafa faveyer.

[[Frederic Edwin Church]] (&nbsp;1826-1900&nbsp;) va ''[[Wiks_va_Niagara_stoya,_male_amerikaf_kril_(trutca_ke_Church)|Niagara stoya]]'' vox dere patectoy dive Tanarasokeem (&nbsp;Andes rodega, Pokefa Roneka, Naelxo&nbsp;) lingeyer.

[[Louis Rémy Mignot]] (&nbsp;1831-1870&nbsp;) va Niagara stoya dere linger, is nakila va tcabanera bak fentugal is ronekaf patectoy.

== Lingesik va Rocky rodega ==
Lingesik xantaf gu Germana, [[Albert Bierstadt]] (&nbsp;1830-1902&nbsp;) tir bocaf kaatoesik ke Hudson Bost serna. Bak 1858 va brinuga ke Lander vombik koe Rocky rodega pakeyer. Ko bata gola bak 1863 az 1871/1872 gin lakiyir. Inaf patectoy va amerikafa talteka tid pintakirapaf is ilamkaf is dile selus. Lantan va in wetce afievik pulad. Inaf jontik buneks va Yosemite krant va disafa tuwava nedid.

Inafa trutca yoltkiraf Landers Peak (&nbsp;1863&nbsp;) gan McHenry kelotaf tilapik ika 25000 dollar talolk zo lusteyer ; va jontika mikropafa pinta razdar ise va milbavakiraf patectoy drager.

[[Thomas Moran]] (&nbsp;1837-1926&nbsp;) va Rocky rodega jontikviele lingeyer. Wira ke Thomas Moran va patectoy ke amerikafa talteka tiyir gorukafa ta redura va Yellowstone vedeyaf gerd. Inaf lingeks vangrupeyes va gijuca is gedruca ke patectoyeem ke Yellowstone pu amerikafa aba gan bokasik va azed zo atoeyed. Thomas Moran is Albert Bierstadt is Thomas Hill is William Keith gu ''Rocky rodega serna'' nope jontik patectoy ke talteka lingeyen gan bata lospa dile zo vuested.

== Afieva ==
John Frederick Kensett is Martin Johnson Heade is Fritz Henry Lane va ''Hudson Bost serna'' oye intyon nyasesaf lingeks ezfid. Va fenkunaf patectoy (&nbsp;bira ik uzda ik eipxo&nbsp;) tuvodan gan anamedafa keska volad. Va afievaf lizor tadled, i va lizor kruptes da afi ke Warzafa Tamava sotir pilkovafi kir exaksara ke Lorik koe patectoy.

== Nelkaf lingesik ==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:120%; background-color:Cornsilk;"
! scope="col"  width="18%" style="background-color:Wheat;"|Yambik
! scope="col"  class="unsortable" width="11%" style="background-color:Wheat;"|Delt
! scope="col"  class="unsortable" width="11%" style="background-color:Wheat;"|Grabom
! scope="col"  width="4%" style="background-color:Wheat;" |Kobl-
! scope="col"  width="4%" style="background-color:Wheat;" |Aw-
! scope="col"  class="unsortable" width="40%" style="background-color:Wheat;"|Giva

|--
|| [[Albert Bierstadt]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Bierstadt.jpg|100px]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Albert Bierstadt - The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak.jpg|150px]]
|| 1830
|| 1902
|| {{small|Lingesik xantaf gu Germana, Albert Bierstadt ( 1830-1902 ) tir bocaf kaatoesik ke Hudson Bost serna. Bak 1858 va brinuga ke Lander vombik koe Rocky rodega pakeyer. Ko bata gola bak 1863 az 1871/1872 gin lakiyir. Inaf patectoy va amerikafa talteka tid pintakirapaf is ilamkaf is dile selus.}}

|-
|| [[Alfred Thompson Bricher|Alfred&nbsp;Thompson&nbsp;Bricher]]    
|| [[Iyeltak:Alfred Thompson Bricher.jpg|100px]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Alfred Bricher - Time and Tide.JPG|150px]]
|| 1837
|| 1908
|| {{small|Turestayan gan [[Martin Johnson Heade]] is [[Fitz Henry Lane]], kralan gu afievaf lizor koe Tanarasokeem, tir tan ironokaf kaatoesik ke Hudson River School.}}

|-
|| [[John William Casilear]]    
|| [[Iyeltak:Asher_Brown_Durand_-_John_W._Casilear.jpg|100px]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Casilear LakeGeorge 1860.jpg|150px]]
|| 1811
|| 1893
|| {{small|Xanton gretcasik, gu lingera gan [[Asher Brown Durand]] zo koldayar.}}

|-
|| [[Frederic Edwin Church]]    
|| [[Iyeltak:Frederic Edwin Church - Brady-Handy.jpg|100px]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Church Heart of the Andes.jpg|150px]]
|| 1826 
|| 1900
|| {{small|Tavembik ke [[Thomas Cole]]. Beka gan tuwavaf opeem zo turestayar, pune gan swavaf lum ke intafa yamba dun zo abdikereleyer.}}

|-
|| [[Thomas Cole]]    
|| [[Iyeltak:Thomascole2.jpg|100px]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Thomas Cole - The Voyage of Life Childhood, 1842 (National Gallery of Art).jpg|150px]]
|| 1801  
|| 1848
|| {{small|Krupteyene gu redusik va Hudson Bost serna, va jontika nakila koe intafa mona ke Catskill lingeyer.}}

|-
|| [[Samuel Colman]]   
|| 
|| [[Iyeltak:Colman Storm King on the Hudson.jpg|150px]]
|| 1832   
|| 1920
|| {{small|Bewik ke Vedeyaf Cultim va Zovdara, in ape tiyir tavembik ke [[Asher Brown Durand]].}}

|-
|| [[Jasper Francis Cropsey]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Jasper Francis Cropsey, by Edward L. Mooney.jpg|100px]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Autumn--On the Hudson River-1860-Jasper Francis Cropsey.jpg|150px]]
|| 1823
|| 1900
|| {{small|Tis ke taneafa oxila ke Hudson Bost serna, va muvugalaf patectoy tulon lingeyer. Trakuyur da patectoy tiyir lokiewaf tazuk ke lingeropa isen da tuwava tiyir rontifa exaksara ke Lorik.}}

|-
|| [[Thomas Doughty]]    
|| 
|| [[Iyeltak:Thomas Doughty Maine Seacoast.jpg|150px]]
|| 1793
|| 1856
|| {{small|Taneaf amerikaf yambik tanon eksudas va patectoy.}}

|-
|| [[Asher Brown Durand]]   
|| [[Iyeltak:Asher B. Durand by Abraham Bogardus.jpg|100px]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Asher Durand Kindred Spirits.jpg|150px]]
|| 1796 
|| 1886
|| {{small|Grupen nope inyon pintakiraf lingeks va aal is pistok is toeem.}}

|-
|| [[Robert Scott Duncanson]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Robert S. Duncanson (1821-1872).jpg|100px]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Duncanson, Robert Scott - Loch Long - Google Art Project.jpg|150px]]
|| 1821 
|| 1872
|| {{small|Afrikamerikaf yambik lingeyes bak Wideytafa Geja isu radimi is turestayan gan Hudson Bost serna.}}

|-
|| [[Sanford Robinson Gifford|Sanford&nbsp;Robinson&nbsp;Gifford]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Sanford R. Gifford.jpg|100px|Sanford R. Gifford]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Sanford Robinson Gifford - Crépuscule sur le mont Hunter.jpg|150px]]
|| 1823 
|| 1880
|| {{small|Wetce tan emokilik ke Hudson Bost serna, inaf patectoy gan afikeska kralasa va afievaf lizor zo tuvodad.}}

|-
|| [[William Hart]]
|| [[Iyeltak:William Hart.jpg|100px]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Lake Among the Hills by William Hart, 1858.jpg|150px]]
|| 1823
|| 1894
|| {{small|Tiyir tavembik ke [[Jules-Joseph Lefebvre]].}}

|-
|| [[William Stanley Haseltine|William&nbsp;Stanley&nbsp;Haseltine]]
|| 
|| [[Iyeltak:William Stanley Haseltine - Cascade.jpg|150px]]
|| 1835
|| 1900
|| {{small|Moni 1859 ko New York va int inkeyer.}}

|-
|| [[Martin Johnson Heade]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Martin-johnson-heade.jpg|100px]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Martin Johnson Heade Approaching Thunderstorm ATC.jpg|150px]]
|| 1819 
|| 1904
|| {{small|Va jontika patectoyafa trutca lingeyer ise tiyir nik do konak yambik ke Hudson Bost serna.}}

|-
|| [[Thomas Hill]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Thomas Hill (artist).jpg|100px]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Thomas Hill - Yosemite Valley (1876).jpg|150px]]
|| 1829
|| 1908
|| {{small|Va patectoy ke California, tulon ke Yosemite krant lingeyer, is ke White jaka ke New Hampshire.}}

|-
|| [[David Johnson]]
|| [[Iyeltak:David_Johnson_(American_artist;_1827–1908).png|100px]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Johnson View of Dresden Lake George.jpg|150px]]
|| 1827
|| 1908
|| {{small|Kobliyis koe New York, dene Vedeyaf Cultim va Zovdara vayayar aze tiyir tavembik ke [[Jasper Francis Cropsey]]. Do [[John Frederick Kensett]] is [[John William Casilear]], tiyir lokiewaf kaatoesik ke amerikafa afieva.}}

|-
|| [[John Frederick Kensett|John&nbsp;Frederick&nbsp;Kensett]]
|| [[Iyeltak:John_Frederick_Kensett,_by_David_Johnson.jpg|100px]]
|| [[Iyeltak:WLA brooklynmuseum John Frederick Kensett-Lake George 1870.jpg|150px]]
|| 1816
|| 1872
|| {{small|Grupen nope inyon patectoy va New York is New England is krimteem ke New Jersey is Long ewala, tir ke toleafa oxila ke Hudson Bost serna.}}

|-
|| [[Fitz Henry Lane]]    
|| [[Iyeltak:1835 FitzHughLane byRobertCooke drawing AmericanAntiquarianSociety-crop.jpg|100px]]
|| [[Iyeltak:LaneFitzHughBracesRockEasternPointGloucester.jpg|150px]]
|| 1804
|| 1865
|| {{small|Tan zolonaf kaatoesik va afieva koe Tanarasokeem.}}

|-
|| [[Jervis McEntee]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Jervis McEntee.jpg|100px|Jervis McEntee]]
|| [[Iyeltak:McEntee Jervis Saturday Afternoon 1875.jpg|150px]]
|| 1828
|| 1891
|| 

|-
|| [[Louis Rémy Mignot]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Louis Rémy Mignot (1860).jpg|100px]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Brooklyn Museum - Niagara - Louis Rémy Mignot - overall.jpg|150px]]
|| 1831
|| 1870
|| {{small|Grupen nope inyon ronekaf patectoy is Niagara stoya is wiks va Paris.}}

|-
|| [[Thomas Moran]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Thomas Moran-photographic portrait.jpeg|100px]]
|| [[Iyeltak:The Great Blue Spring of the Lower Geyser basin, Yellowstone Wellcome V0025226.jpg|150px]]
|| 1837
|| 1926
|| {{small|Inafa trutca volasa va patectoy ke amerikafa talteka tiyid gorukafa ta redura va Yellowstone vedeyaf gerd.}}

|-
|| [[Robert Walter Weir]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Robert Walter Weir, circa 1864.jpg|100px]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Robert W. Weir, View of the Hudson River, 1864, West Point Museum.jpg|150px]]
|| 1803
|| 1889
|| 

|-
|| [[Worthington Whittredge]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Worthington Whittredge by Rockwood.png|100px]]
|| [[Iyeltak:Worthington Whittredge - The Amphitheatre of Tusculum and Albano Mountains, Rome - Google Art Project.jpg|150px]]
|| 1820
|| 1910
|| {{small|Nik ke [[Albert Bierstadt]] is [[Sanford Robinson Gifford]], koyapayar ise tiyir taneagadesik va Vedeyaf Cultim va Zovdara.}}

|-
|}

== Vuestexa ==
{{Vuestexeem}}
<small>
* (en) John K. Howat, ''American Paradise, The World of the Hudson River School''. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Harry N. Abrams, Inc., New York, 1987
* (en)  Sanford Robinson Gifford is Kevin J. Avery is Franklin Kelly, ''Hudson River School Visions : The Landscapes of Sanford R. Gifford'', Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2004, ISBN 588390985
* (en) John K. Howat, ''The Hudson River and its Painters'', Viking Press, 1972, ISBN 0670385581
</small>
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{{Lingeralizor
| yolt = Hudson Bost serna
| ewavak = Iyelt ewavak Hudson Bost serna
| ind = [[Lingeropa]]
| sare = 1820-1880
| tigixo = [[Tanarasokeem]]
| yambik = [[Thomas Cole|Cole]], [[Albert Bierstadt|Bierstadt]], [[Frederic Edwin Church|Church]], [[Asher Brown Durand|Durand]], [[John Frederick Kensett|Kensett]],  [[Thomas Moran|Moran]]
| dalalizor = [[Lingeropafa pestakeva|Pestakeva]]
}}
|}

[[Loma:Yamba|Hudson Bost serna (lingeropa)]]
[[Loma:Yambaf lizor|Hudson Bost serna (lingeropa)]]
[[Loma:Lingeropa|Hudson Bost serna (lingeropa)]]

{{#invoke:Interwiki|interwiki|qid=Q943853}}
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Hudson Bost serna ( Hudson River School ) tir yambaf lizor awiyis koe Tanarasokeem bak XIX-eafa decemda is reduyus gan lospa dem lingesik turestayan gan pestakeva.
thumb|Louis Rémy Mignot, Niagara (1866)

 Taneafa oxila 
Hudson Bost serna va konak amerikaf lingesik kobayas wali 1820-e sanda isu 1870-e lospar. Geltron muxaks bak 1879 anton zo glotcayar. Taneaf lingeropaf lizor awiyis koe Tanarasokeem, inafa redura jadion pu Thomas Cole ( 1801-1848 ) zo yofter. Bantan koe Catskill bak 1836 va int inkeyer azen inafa trutca kaatoesa va amerikapaf patectoy, va aryon lingesik tcampus va inafa tula num batinde tazukas va Hudson Bost serna di turestayad.

Lingesik ke taneafa oxila va Hudson krant is monexo is dere Catskill jaka isu Adirondacks isu White valentrone Tanarasokeem lasukaatoeyed. Va patectoy ton brevizap nelkon lingeyed.

Yambik ke Hudson Bost serna va rietova va Lugode tuevayana gan Edmund Blake eireaf trakopik kan A philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful ( Trakopafa kogrupara va Xanta ke Minyona Rieta va Lugode is Liste, 1757 ). Trakuyud da Tuwava tiyir exaksara ke lorafa gijarotiuca isu vonuca. Ware ketaf patectoy ke Tanarasokeem gu Xantafuda zo doluneyed

 Toleafa oxila ( 1848-1870 ) 
Radimi awalkera ke Thomas Cole bak 1870, Asher Brown Durand ( 1796-1886 ) va otsa ke lizor narir. Vanpiyir taneagadesik ke Vedeyaf Cultim va Zovdara ( National Academy of Design ) ise va verteem ke patectoyafa lingeropa tubeksayar. Durand va John William Caselear tavembik doon doimpayar numen bantan va gretcara joke patectoyafa lingeropa jovleyer, abdialbason va brevizam lodam glupaf buneks ke yambik ke taneafa oxila.

Soe lingesik ke Hudson Bost serna me tid male milyona seltafa anameda ise va mil martig me dye uned. Toleafa oxila ke Hudson Bost serna va afifa keska isu anamedafa faveyer.

Frederic Edwin Church ( 1826-1900 ) va Niagara stoya vox dere patectoy dive Tanarasokeem ( Andes rodega, Pokefa Roneka, Naelxo ) lingeyer.

Louis Rémy Mignot ( 1831-1870 ) va Niagara stoya dere linger, is nakila va tcabanera bak fentugal is ronekaf patectoy.

 Lingesik va Rocky rodega 
Lingesik xantaf gu Germana, Albert Bierstadt ( 1830-1902 ) tir bocaf kaatoesik ke Hudson Bost serna. Bak 1858 va brinuga ke Lander vombik koe Rocky rodega pakeyer. Ko bata gola bak 1863 az 1871/1872 gin lakiyir. Inaf patectoy va amerikafa talteka tid pintakirapaf is ilamkaf is dile selus. Lantan va in wetce afievik pulad. Inaf jontik buneks va Yosemite krant va disafa tuwava nedid.

Inafa trutca yoltkiraf Landers Peak ( 1863 ) gan McHenry kelotaf tilapik ika 25000 dollar talolk zo lusteyer ; va jontika mikropafa pinta razdar ise va milbavakiraf patectoy drager.

Thomas Moran ( 1837-1926 ) va Rocky rodega jontikviele lingeyer. Wira ke Thomas Moran va patectoy ke amerikafa talteka tiyir gorukafa ta redura va Yellowstone vedeyaf gerd. Inaf lingeks vangrupeyes va gijuca is gedruca ke patectoyeem ke Yellowstone pu amerikafa aba gan bokasik va azed zo atoeyed. Thomas Moran is Albert Bierstadt is Thomas Hill is William Keith gu Rocky rodega serna nope jontik patectoy ke talteka lingeyen gan bata lospa dile zo vuested.

 Afieva 
John Frederick Kensett is Martin Johnson Heade is Fritz Henry Lane va Hudson Bost serna oye intyon nyasesaf lingeks ezfid. Va fenkunaf patectoy ( bira ik uzda ik eipxo ) tuvodan gan anamedafa keska volad. Va afievaf lizor tadled, i va lizor kruptes da afi ke Warzafa Tamava sotir pilkovafi kir exaksara ke Lorik koe patectoy.

 Nelkaf lingesik 
YambikDeltGrabomKobl-Aw-Giva Albert Bierstadt 100px 150px 1830 1902  Alfred Thompson Bricher     100px 150px 1837 1908  John William Casilear     100px 150px 1811 1893  Frederic Edwin Church     100px 150px 1826  1900  Thomas Cole     100px 150px 1801   1848  Samuel Colman     150px 1832    1920  Jasper Francis Cropsey 100px 150px 1823 1900  Thomas Doughty      150px 1793 1856  Asher Brown Durand    100px 150px 1796  1886  Robert Scott Duncanson 100px 150px 1821  1872  Sanford Robinson Gifford 100px|Sanford R. Gifford 150px 1823  1880  William Hart 100px 150px 1823 1894  William Stanley Haseltine  150px 1835 1900  Martin Johnson Heade 100px 150px 1819  1904  Thomas Hill 100px 150px 1829 1908  David Johnson 100px 150px 1827 1908  John Frederick Kensett 100px 150px 1816 1872  Fitz Henry Lane     100px 150px 1804 1865  Jervis McEntee 100px|Jervis McEntee 150px 1828 1891  Louis Rémy Mignot 100px 150px 1831 1870  Thomas Moran 100px 150px 1837 1926  Robert Walter Weir 100px 150px 1803 1889  Worthington Whittredge 100px 150px 1820 1910 

 Vuestexa 

 (en) John K. Howat, American Paradise, The World of the Hudson River School. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Harry N. Abrams, Inc., New York, 1987
 (en)  Sanford Robinson Gifford is Kevin J. Avery is Franklin Kelly, Hudson River School Visions : The Landscapes of Sanford R. Gifford, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2004, ISBN 588390985
 (en) John K. Howat, The Hudson River and its Painters, Viking Press, 1972, ISBN 0670385581
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Hudson Bost serna (lingeropa)
Hudson Bost serna (lingeropa)
Hudson Bost serna (lingeropa)