Joshua Fishman
{{Tradubot|Joshua Fishman}}
{{persona}}
'''Joshua Aaron Fishman''' ({{Lang-yi|שיקל פֿישמאַן}} — Shikl Fishman;<ref>[[Ghil'ad Zuckermann|Zuckermann, Ghil'ad]] (2012). [https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijsl.2012.2012.issue-213/ijsl-2012-0014/ijsl-2012-0014.xml "Introduction to the Joshua A. Fishman comprehensive bibliography"], ''International Journal of the Sociology of Language'' (Int’l. J. Soc. Lang.) 213: 149-152.</ref> {{nym|paréntesis=non}})<ref name=":0">{{cita noticia|apellíu=|títulu=Muerre'l llingüista y miembru de Euskaltzaindia Joshua Fishman|url=http://www.eitb.eus/es/cultura/euskera/detalle/3020248/joshua-fishman--fina-lingueista-miembru-honorifico-euskaltzaindia/|fecha=3 de marzu de 2015|fechaaccesu=3 de marzu de 2015|periódicu=[[Euskal Irrati Telebista]]}}</ref> [[sociollingüista]] d'[[Estaos Xuníos]].

Especializar en [[socioloxía del llinguaxe]], [[planificación llingüística]], [[educación billingüe]], [[Llinguaxe|llingües]] y [[etnicidad]].

<!-- ==Life==
Fishman, nicknamed ''Shikl'', was born and raised in [[Philadelphia]], where he attended public schools while also studying [[Yiddish]] at elementary and secondary levels. As he grew up, his father would ask his children at the dinner table, "What did you do for Yiddish today?" He studied Yiddish in [[The Workmen's Circle|Workmen’s Circle]] Schools, which emphasized mastery of the [[Yiddish language]] along with a focus on literature, history, and social issues. He graduated from [[Olney, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Olney]] High School. From 1944 to 1948, he attended the [[University of Pennsylvania]] on a Mayor’s Scholarship, earning B.S. ([[history]]) and M.S. ([[psychology]]) degrees. After graduating from Penn, he studied [[Yiddish]] with [[Max Weinreich]] during the summer of 1948. He took a position as an educational psychologist for the [[Jewish Education Committee of New York]] in 1951. The same year, he married Gella Schweid, with whom he shares a lifelong commitment to [[Yiddish]]. In 1953, he completed his Ph.D. in [[social psychology]] at [[Columbia University]] with a dissertation entitled ''Negative Stereotypes Concerning Americans among American-born Children Receiving Various Types of Minority-group Education''.

He first taught the sociology of language at the [[City College of New York]] while also directing research at the [[College Entrance Examination Board]] from 1955 to 1958. In 1958, he was appointed an associate professor of human relations and psychology at Penn. He subsequently accepted a post as professor of psychology and sociology at [[Yeshiva University]] in New York, where he would also serve as dean of the [[Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology|Ferkauf Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities]] as well as academic vice president. In 1966, he was made Distinguished University Research Professor of Social Sciences and in 1988 he became [[professor emeritus]]. He later became affiliated with a number of other institutions: Visiting Professor and Visiting Scholar, School of Education, Applied Linguistics and Department of Linguistics, [[Stanford University]]; Adjunct Professor of Multilingual and Multicultural Education, School of Education, [[New York University]]; Visiting Professor of Linguistics, [[City University of New York]], Graduate Center. He has held visiting appointments and fellowships at over a dozen institutions around the world, including the [[Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences]] ([[Stanford, CA]]) and the [[Institute for Advanced Study]] ([[Princeton, NJ]]).

==Works==
Fishman has written over 1000 articles and monographs on [[multilingualism]], [[bilingual education]] and [[minority education]], the sociology and history of the [[Yiddish language]], [[language planning]], [[reversing language shift]], [[language revival]], 'language and [[nationalism]]', 'language and religion', and 'language and [[ethnicity]]'. Fishman is also the founder and editor of the [[International Journal of the Sociology of Language]] and the [[Contributions to the Sociology of Language]] ([[Walter de Gruyter|Mouton de Gruyter]]) book series.

==Special honors==
Fishman was honored in 1991 by two [[Festschrift|publications to celebrate his 65th birthday]], each filled with articles by colleagues that followed his interests. One was a three volume collection of articles concerníi with his interests, edited by Garcia, Dow, and Marshall. The other was a single volume edited by Cooper and Spolsky.

In 2004 he was awarded the [[Linguapax Prize]].

Fishman was again honored September 10, 2006 by a one-day symposium at the [[University of Pennsylvania]], commemorating his 80th birthday.

==Archives==
The Special Collections Section of the Stanford University Libraries established the Joshua A. Fishman and Gella Schweid Fishman Family Archives in 1994. The archive contains drafts of subsequently published books and articles, course outlines, lectures given, professional correspondence, family correspondence, photographs, audiu-tapes, video-tapes, and other materials pertaining to Fishman's work. It also includes equally diverse holdings for Gella Schweid Fishman, veteran Yiddish teacher, teacher-trainer, and activist. -->

== Publicaciones ==
* 1965. ''Yiddish in America: sociu-linguistic description and analysis.'' Bloomington: [[Indiana University Press]]; The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton
* 1966. ''Language loyalty in the United States; the maintenance and perpetuation of non-English mother tongues by American ethnic and religious groups.'' The Hague: Mouton
* 1966. ''Hungarian language maintenance in the United States.'' Bloomington: [[Indiana University Press]]
* 1968. ''Language problems of developing nations.'' New York: Wiley
* 1968. ''Readings in the sociology of language.'' The Hague, Paris: Mouton
* 1970. ''Sociolinguistics: a brief introduction.'' Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House
* 1971. ''Bilingualism in the barriu.'' Bloomington: [[Indiana University Press]]
* 1971-2. ''Advances in the sociology of language.'' The Hague: Mouton
* 1972. ''Language in Sociocultural Change. Essays by Joshua A. Fishman.'' Ed. Anwar S. Dil. Stanford: [[Stanford University Press]]
* 1972. ''The sociology of language; an interdisciplinary social science approach to language in society.'' Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House
* 1973 (c 1972). ''Language and nationalism; two integrative essays.'' Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House
* 1974. ''Advances in language planning.'' The Hague: Mouton
* 1976. ''Bilingual education: an international sociological perspective.'' Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House
* 1977. ''Advances in the creation and revision of writing systems.'' The Hague: Mouton
* 1978. ''Advances in the study of societal multilingualism.'' The Hague: Mouton
* 1981. ''Never Say Die: A Thousand Years of Yiddish in Jewish Life and Letters''. The Hague: Mouton. ISBN 90-279-7978-2 (in Yiddish and English)
* 1982. ''The acquisition of biliteracy: a comparative ethnography of minority ethnolinguistic schools in New York City.'' New York, N.Y.: [[Yeshiva University]], [[Ferkauf Graduate School]]
* 1982. ''Bilingual education for Hispanic students in the United States.'' New York: [[Teachers College Press]]
* 1983. ''Progress in language planning: international perspectives.'' Berlin & New York: Mouton.
* 1985. ''The rise and fall of the ethnic revival: perspectives on language and ethnicity.'' Berlin & New York: Mouton
* 1987. ''Ideology, Society and Language: The Odyssey of Nathan Birnbaum.'' Ann Arbor: [[Karoma Publishers]]
* 1991. ''Bilingual education.'' Amsterdam & Philadelphia: J. Benjamins Pub. Co.
* 1991. ''Reversing language Shift: Theory and Practice of Assistance to Threatened Languages.'' Clevedon, Multilingual Matters. (ISBN 1-85359-122-X) (ISBN 978-1-85359-122-8)
* 1991. ''Language and Ethnicity''<ref name=":0" />''.'' Amsterdam & Philadelphia: J. Benjamins Pub. Co
* 1996. ''Post-Imperial English: The Status of English in Former British and American Colonies and Spheres of Influence.'' (ed.) Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin
* 1997. ''In Praise of the Beloved Language; The Content of Positive Ethnolinguistic Consciousness.'' Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter
* 1997. ''The Multilingual Apple: Languages in New York'' (with Ofelia Garcia). Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter
* 1999. ''Handbook of Language and Ethnicity'' (ed.). New York, [[Oxford University Press]]. Revised ed. 2009. (ISBN 0-19-537492-4)
* 2000. ''Can Threatened Languages Be Saved?'' Clevedon, Multilingual Matters
* 2006. ''Do Not Leave Your Language Alone: The Hidden Status Axendes Within Corpus Planning in Language Policy.'' [[Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]]. (ISBN 0-8058-5024-4) (ISBN 978-0-8058-5024-6)

== Bibliografía ==
* [[Colin Baker|Baker, Colin]], & [[Sylvia P. Jones|Jones, Sylvia P.]] (eds.) (1998). Joshua A. Fishman. In ''Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education''. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters
* [[Karen Chassie|Chassie, Karen]] et al. (eds.) (2006). Fishman, Joshua Aaron. In ''Who’s Who in the East''. New Providence, NJ: Marquis Who’s Who
* [[Robert L. Cooper|Cooper, Robert L.]], & [[Bernard Spolsky|Spolsky, Bernard]] (eds.) (1991). ''The Influence of Language on Culture and Thought: Essays in Honor of Joshua A. Fishman’s Sixty-Fifth Birthday''. Berlin: Mouton
* Fishman, Joshua A. (2006). Joshua A. Fishman. Retrieved on August 24, 2006 from http://www.joshuaafishman.com
*Fishman, Gella Schweid and Charity Njau. 2012. Joshua A. Fishman bibliograph (1949-2011). ''International Journal of the Sociology of Language'' 213: 153–248.
* [[Ofelia García|García, Ofelia]] & [[James R. Dow|Dow, James R.]] & [[David F. Marshall|Marshall, David F.]] (eds.) (1991). ''Essays in honor of Joshua A. Fishman'': Volume 1: Focus on Bilingual Education; Volume 2: Focus on Language Planning; Volume 3: Focus on Language and Ethnicity. 3 Volúmenes (set). Amsterdam: [[John Benjamins]]
* {{cita llibru|apellíu=García|nome=Ofelia|enllaceautor=Ofelia García|títulu=Language loyalty, continuity and change : Joshua A Fishman's contributions to international sociolinguistics.|añu=2006|editorial=Multilingual Matter Ltd|allugamientu=Clevedon|isbn=978-1853599026|edición=[Online-Ausg.]| autor2 = Peltz, Rakhmiel, Fishman, Harold Schiffman | autor3 = with Gella Schweid |fecha=10 de xunetu de 2006}}
* Spolsky, B. (1999). Fishman, Joshua A. (1926– ). In Spolsky, B. (ed.), ''Concise Encyclopedia of Educational Linguistics''. Amsterdam: [[Elsevier]].

== Referencies ==
{{llistaref}}

== Enllaces esternos ==
{{traducíu ref|en|Joshua Fishman}}
* [http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/plc/clpp/fishman80/ Symposium in Honor of Joshua A. Fishman's Eightieth Birthday]

{{NF|1926|2015|Fishman, Joshua}}
[[Categoría:Idioma yidis]]
[[Categoría:Llingüistes d'Estaos Xuníos]]
[[Categoría:Sociollingüistes]]
[[Categoría:Persones de Filadelfia]]
Joshua Aaron Fishman ( — Shikl Fishman;Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2012). "Introduction to the Joshua A. Fishman comprehensive bibliography", International Journal of the Sociology of Language (Int’l. J. Soc. Lang.) 213: 149-152. ) sociollingüista d'Estaos Xuníos.

Especializar en socioloxía del llinguaxe, planificación llingüística, educación billingüe, llingües y etnicidad.

 Publicaciones 
 1965. Yiddish in America: sociu-linguistic description and analysis. Bloomington: Indiana University Press; The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton
 1966. Language loyalty in the United States; the maintenance and perpetuation of non-English mother tongues by American ethnic and religious groups. The Hague: Mouton
 1966. Hungarian language maintenance in the United States. Bloomington: Indiana University Press
 1968. Language problems of developing nations. New York: Wiley
 1968. Readings in the sociology of language. The Hague, Paris: Mouton
 1970. Sociolinguistics: a brief introduction. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House
 1971. Bilingualism in the barriu. Bloomington: Indiana University Press
 1971-2. Advances in the sociology of language. The Hague: Mouton
 1972. Language in Sociocultural Change. Essays by Joshua A. Fishman. Ed. Anwar S. Dil. Stanford: Stanford University Press
 1972. The sociology of language; an interdisciplinary social science approach to language in society. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House
 1973 (c 1972). Language and nationalism; two integrative essays. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House
 1974. Advances in language planning. The Hague: Mouton
 1976. Bilingual education: an international sociological perspective. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House
 1977. Advances in the creation and revision of writing systems. The Hague: Mouton
 1978. Advances in the study of societal multilingualism. The Hague: Mouton
 1981. Never Say Die: A Thousand Years of Yiddish in Jewish Life and Letters. The Hague: Mouton. ISBN 90-279-7978-2 (in Yiddish and English)
 1982. The acquisition of biliteracy: a comparative ethnography of minority ethnolinguistic schools in New York City. New York, N.Y.: Yeshiva University, Ferkauf Graduate School
 1982. Bilingual education for Hispanic students in the United States. New York: Teachers College Press
 1983. Progress in language planning: international perspectives. Berlin & New York: Mouton.
 1985. The rise and fall of the ethnic revival: perspectives on language and ethnicity. Berlin & New York: Mouton
 1987. Ideology, Society and Language: The Odyssey of Nathan Birnbaum. Ann Arbor: Karoma Publishers
 1991. Bilingual education. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: J. Benjamins Pub. Co.
 1991. Reversing language Shift: Theory and Practice of Assistance to Threatened Languages. Clevedon, Multilingual Matters. (ISBN 1-85359-122-X) (ISBN 978-1-85359-122-8)
 1991. Language and Ethnicity. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: J. Benjamins Pub. Co
 1996. Post-Imperial English: The Status of English in Former British and American Colonies and Spheres of Influence. (ed.) Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin
 1997. In Praise of the Beloved Language; The Content of Positive Ethnolinguistic Consciousness. Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter
 1997. The Multilingual Apple: Languages in New York (with Ofelia Garcia). Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter
 1999. Handbook of Language and Ethnicity (ed.). New York, Oxford University Press. Revised ed. 2009. (ISBN 0-19-537492-4)
 2000. Can Threatened Languages Be Saved? Clevedon, Multilingual Matters
 2006. Do Not Leave Your Language Alone: The Hidden Status Axendes Within Corpus Planning in Language Policy. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. (ISBN 0-8058-5024-4) (ISBN 978-0-8058-5024-6)

 Bibliografía 
 Baker, Colin, & Jones, Sylvia P. (eds.) (1998). Joshua A. Fishman. In Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters
 Chassie, Karen et al. (eds.) (2006). Fishman, Joshua Aaron. In Who’s Who in the East. New Providence, NJ: Marquis Who’s Who
 Cooper, Robert L., & Spolsky, Bernard (eds.) (1991). The Influence of Language on Culture and Thought: Essays in Honor of Joshua A. Fishman’s Sixty-Fifth Birthday. Berlin: Mouton
 Fishman, Joshua A. (2006). Joshua A. Fishman. Retrieved on August 24, 2006 from http://www.joshuaafishman.com
Fishman, Gella Schweid and Charity Njau. 2012. Joshua A. Fishman bibliograph (1949-2011). International Journal of the Sociology of Language 213: 153–248.
 García, Ofelia & Dow, James R. & Marshall, David F. (eds.) (1991). Essays in honor of Joshua A. Fishman: Volume 1: Focus on Bilingual Education; Volume 2: Focus on Language Planning; Volume 3: Focus on Language and Ethnicity. 3 Volúmenes (set). Amsterdam: John Benjamins
 
 Spolsky, B. (1999). Fishman, Joshua A. (1926– ). In Spolsky, B. (ed.), Concise Encyclopedia of Educational Linguistics. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

 Referencies 

 Enllaces esternos 

 Symposium in Honor of Joshua A. Fishman's Eightieth Birthday

Categoría:Idioma yidis
Categoría:Llingüistes d'Estaos Xuníos
Categoría:Sociollingüistes
Categoría:Persones de Filadelfia