Idioma armeniu occidental
{{idioma}}
L''''armeniu occidental''' ye unu de los dos [[dialeutu|bloques dialeutales]] del [[idioma armeniu]], una [[llingua indoeuropea]] falada pola [[diáspora armenia]], principalmente n'[[América del Norte]], [[Suramérica]], [[Europa]] y sobremanera nel [[Próximu Oriente]] sacante n'[[Irán]]. Ye tamién falada por una pequeña comunidá en [[Turquía]]. Pero l'armeniu occidental ye faláu por namái un pequeñu porcentaxe de los armenios en Turquía, con 18 per cientu ente la comunidá polo xeneral y un 8 per cientu ente los mozos.<ref>{{Cita web |url=http://www.panorama.am/en/politics/2010/09/29/r-melqonyan-book/ |títulu=“Review of Istanbul's Armenian community history” |urlarchivu=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924065219/http://www.panorama.am/en/politics/2010/09/29/r-melqonyan-book/ |fechaarchivu=2015-09-24 }}</ref> Foise desenvolviendo mientres el sieglu XIX, y ta basáu nel dialeutu armeniu d'[[Istambul]]. L'armeniu occidental en Turquía defínese como definitivamente en peligru d'[[Llingua muerta|estinción]].<ref>{{Cita web |url=http://www.bianet.org/english/kategori/english/112728/unesco-15-languages-endangered-in-turkey |títulu=UNESCO: 15 Languages Endangered in Turkey, by T. Korkut, 2009 |urlarchivu=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331051956/http://www.bianet.org/english/kategori/english/112728/unesco-15-languages-endangered-in-turkey |fechaarchivu=2009-03-31 }}</ref> 

== Referencies ==
{{llistaref|2}}
<!--
==Phonology==
===Vowels===

====Monophthongs====
Western Armenian has eight monophthong vowel sounds.

{| {{tablaguapa}}
!
! colspan=2| [[Front vowel|Front]]
! rowspan=2| [[Central vowel|Central]]
! colspan=2| [[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
!|| [[unrounded vowel|Unrounded]] || [[rounded vowel|Rounded]] || [[unrounded vowel|Unrounded]] || [[rounded vowel|Rounded]]
|-
! align="left" | [[Close vowel|Close]]
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | {{IPA|[[Close front unrounded vowel|i]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;(ի) 
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | {{IPA|[[Near-close near-front rounded vowel|ʏ]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;(իւ) 
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | {{IPA|[[Close back rounded vowel|o]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;(ու)
|-
! align="left" | [[Mid vowel|Mid]]
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | {{IPA|[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;(է, ե)<ref name="context_sensitive">The choice of Armenian symbol depends on the vowel's context in the word. See the ''Orthography'' section [[#Orthography|below]] for details.</ref>
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | {{IPA|[[Open-mid front rounded vowel|œ]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;(էօ)
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | {{IPA|[[Schwa|ə]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;(ը) 
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|[[Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;(ո, օ)<ref name="context_sensitive" />
|-
! align="left" | [[Open vowel|Open]]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | {{IPA|[[Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;(ա)
| &nbsp;
|}

<div style="font-size:100%;font-weight: bold;">Notes</div>
{{llistaref}}

=====Examples of Western Armenian monophthongs=====
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" {{tablaguapa}}
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
!Example (IPA)
!Example (Written)
!Meaning
!Notes
|-
|class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%" | {{IPA|[[Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]]}}
|style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|[ɑɾɛv]}}
|style="text-align:center;" | արեւ
|style="text-align:center;" | "sun"
|Similar to the English vowel in the word c'''a'''r.
|-
|class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%" | {{IPA|[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]}}
|style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|[ɛtʃ]}}
|style="text-align:center;" | էջ
|style="text-align:center;" | "page"
|Similar to the English vowel in the word b'''y'''d.
|-
|class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%" | {{IPA|[[Close front unrounded vowel|i]]}}
|style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|[im]}} 
|style="text-align:center;" | իմ
|style="text-align:center;" | "my"
|Similar to the English vowel in the word '''hala'''t.
|-
|class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%" | {{IPA|[[Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]}}
|style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|[tʃoɾ]}}
|style="text-align:center;" | չոր
|style="text-align:center;" | "dry"
|Similar to the English vowel in b'''o'''re.
|-
|class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%" | {{IPA|[[Close back rounded vowel|o]]}}
|style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|[oɾ]}}
|style="text-align:center;" | ուր
|style="text-align:center;" | "where"
|Similar to the English vowel in the word sh'''oo'''t.
|-
|class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%" | {{IPA|[[Schwa|ə]]}}
|style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|[əsɛl]}}
|style="text-align:center;" | ըսել
|style="text-align:center;" | "to say"
|Similar to the English vowel in the word th'''y'''.
|-
|class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%" | {{IPA|[[Near-close near-front rounded vowel|ʏ]]}}
|style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|[hʏɾ]}}
|style="text-align:center;" | հիւր
|style="text-align:center;" | "guest"
|
|-
|class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%" | {{IPA|[[Open-mid front rounded vowel|œ]]}}
|style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|[œʒɛnin]}}
|style="text-align:center;" | Էօժենի
|style="text-align:center;" | a female name
|This vowel sound is rare in Armenian, and is used in foreign words.
|}

====Diphthongs====
The Western Armenian language has nine [[diphthong]] sounds.

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" {{tablaguapa}}
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
!Example (IPA)
!Example (Written)
!Meaning
!Notes
|-
|class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%" | {{IPA|jɑ}}
|style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|sɛnjɑg}} 
|style="text-align:center;" | սենեակ
|style="text-align:center;" | "room"
|Similar to English '''yá'''rd.
|-
|class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%" | {{IPA|jɛ}}
|style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|jɛɾɑz}}
|style="text-align:center;" | երազ
|style="text-align:center;" | "dream"
|Similar to English '''ye'''ll.
|-
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%" | {{IPA|ji}}
|style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|mɑjis}}
|style="text-align:center;" | Մայիս
|style="text-align:center;" | "May"
|Similar to English '''yea'''r.
|-
|class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%" | {{IPA|jo}}
|style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|jotə}}
|style="text-align:center;" | եօթը
|style="text-align:center;" | "seven"
|Similar to English '''you'''r.
|-
|class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%" | {{IPA|ju}}
|style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|gɑjun}}
|style="text-align:center;" | կայուն
|style="text-align:center;" | "firm"
| Similar to English '''you.'''
|-
|class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%" | {{IPA|aɪ}}
|style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|maɪɾ}}
|style="text-align:center;" | մայր
|style="text-align:center;" | "mother"
|Similar to English m'''y'''.
|-
|class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%" | {{IPA|yɪ}}
|style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|teɪ}}
|style="text-align:center;" | թէյ
|style="text-align:center;" | "tea"
|Similar to English d'''ai.'''
|-
|class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%" | {{IPA|ɪə}}
|style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|ɪənɑl}}
|style="text-align:center;" | իյնալ
|style="text-align:center;" | "to fall"
|Similar to English n'''hala'''r.
|-
|class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%" | {{IPA|uj}}
|style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|kujr}}
|style="text-align:center;" | քոյր
|style="text-align:center;" | "sister"
|
|}

===Consonants===

This is the Western Armenian Consonantal System using symbols from the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA), followed by the corresponding Armenian letter in parentheses.

{| {{tablaguapa}}
! colspan=2 | &nbsp;
![[billabial consonant|Billabial]]
![[labiodental consonant|Labiodental]]
![[alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[palato-alveolar consonant|Post-<br />alveolar]]
![[palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[velar consonant|Velar]]
![[velar consonant|Uvular]]
![[glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan=2 | [[nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | [[Billabial nasal | m]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(մ)
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA | [[Alveolar nasal | n]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ն)
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
! rowspan=2 | [[plosive consonant|Plosive]]
! [[Voiceless]]
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | [[Voiceless billabial plosive | pʰ]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(բ, փ)<ref name="same_sound">These symbols represent the same consonant due to a sound shift in Western Armenian from Classical Armenian. See the ''Differences in Phonology from Classical and Eastern Armenian'' section [[#Differences in Phonology from Classical and Eastern Armenian|below]] for details.</ref>
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA | [[Voiceless alveolar plosive | tʰ]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(դ, թ)<ref name="same_sound" />
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | [[Voiceless velar plosive | kʰ]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(գ, ք)<ref name="same_sound" />
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
![[Voiced consonant|Voiced]]
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | [[Voiced billabial plosive | b]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(պ)<ref name="sound_shift">This symbol has undergone a sound shift from Classical Armenian to Western Armenian. See the ''Differences in Phonology from Classical and Eastern Armenian'' section [[#Differences in Phonology from Classical and Eastern Armenian|below]] for details.</ref>
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | [[Voiced alveolar plosive | d]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(տ)<ref name="sound_shift" />
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | [[Voiced velar plosive | g]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(կ)<ref name="sound_shift" />
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
! rowspan=2|[[fricative consonant|Fricative]]
![[Voiceless]]
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | [[Voiceless labiodental fricative | f]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ֆ)
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | [[Voiceless alveolar fricative | s]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ս)
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | [[Voiceless postalveolar fricative | ʃ]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(շ)
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | [[Voiceless uvular fricative | χ]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(խ)
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | [[Voiceless glottal fricative | h]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(հ, յ)<ref name=autogenerated1>The choice of Armenian symbol(s) depends on the context of the consonant within a word. See the ''Orthography'' section [[#Orthography|below]] for details.</ref>
|-
![[Voiced consonant|Voiced]]
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | [[Voiced labiodental fricative | v]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(վ , ւ , ու, ո)<ref name="context_sensitive" />
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | [[Voiced alveolar fricative | z]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(զ)
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | [[Voiced postalveolar fricative | ʒ]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ժ)
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | [[Voiced uvular fricative | ʁ]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ղ)
| &nbsp;
|-
! colspan=2|[[Approximant]]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | [[Palatal approximant | j]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(յ, ե, ի, է)<ref name="context_sensitive" />
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
! colspan=2|[[flap consonant|Flap]]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA | [[Alveolar tap | ɾ]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ռ, ր)<ref>Although Western Armenians are taught to pronounce two different rhotics (represented by <ր> and <ռ>), the two have merged in many dialects to a flap consonant.</ref>
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
! colspan=2|[[llateral consonant|Llateral approximant]]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA | [[Alveolar llateral approximant | l]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(լ)
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
! rowspan=2|[[affricate consonant|Affricate]]
![[Voiceless]]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | [[Voiceless alveolar affricate | tsʰ]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ձ, ց)<ref name="same_sound" />
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | [[Voiceless postalveolar affricate | tʃ]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(չ, ջ)<ref name="same_sound" />
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
![[Voiced consonant|Voiced]]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | [[Voiced alveolar affricate | dz]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ծ)<ref name="sound_shift" />
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | [[Voiced postalveolar affricate | ʤ]]}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ճ)<ref name="sound_shift" />
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|}

<div style="font-size:120%;font-weight: bold;">Notes</div>
{{llistaref}}

====Differences in Phonology from Classical Armenian====
The differences in phonology between Western Armenian and [[Classical Armenian]] phonology include the distinction of [[Stop consonant|stops]] and [[Affricate consonant|affricates]].

First, while [[Grabar|Classical Armenian]] has a three-way distinction of stops and affricates: one voiced and two voiceless — a plain version and an [[Aspiration (phonetics)|aspirated]] one — Western Armenian has kept only a two-way distinction — one voiced and one aspirated. For example, Classical has three billabial stops: {{IPA|[b]}} (<բ>), {{IPA|[p]}} (<պ>), and {{IPA|[pʰ]}} (<փ>); Western Armenian, has two billabial stops: {{IPA|[b]}} (<պ>) and {{IPA|[pʰ]}} (<բ> or <փ>).

Second, Western Armenian has shifted the Classical Armenian ''voiced'' stops and ''voiced'' affricates into ''aspirated'' stops and ''aspirated'' affricates, and replaced the ''plain'' stops and ''plain'' affricates with ''voiced'' ones.

Specifically, the following are the changes from Classical Armenian to Western Armenian:
# Billabial stops:
## merging of Classical Armenian {{IPA|/b/}} (բ) and {{IPA|/pʰ/}} (փ) as {{IPA|/pʰ/}}
## voicing of Classical {{IPA|/p/}} (պ) to {{IPA|/b/}}
# Alveolar stops:
## merging of Classical Armenian {{IPA|/d/}} (դ) and {{IPA|/tʰ/}} (թ) as {{IPA|/tʰ/}}
## voicing of Classical {{IPA|/t/}} (տ) to {{IPA|/d/}}
# Velar stops: 
## merging of Classical Armenian {{IPA|/g/}} (գ) and {{IPA|/kʰ/}} (ք) as {{IPA|/kʰ/}}
## voicing of Classical {{IPA|/k/}} (կ) to {{IPA|/g/}}
# Alveolar affricates:
## merging of Classical Armenian {{IPA|/dz/}} (ձ) and {{IPA|/tsʰ/}} (ց) as {{IPA|/tsʰ/}}
## voicing of Classical {{IPA|/ts/}} (ծ) to {{IPA|/dz/}}
# Post-alveolar affricates:
## merging of Classical Armenian {{IPA|/ʤ/}} (ջ) and {{IPA|/ʧʰ/}} (չ) as {{IPA|/ʧʰ/}}
## voicing of Classical {{IPA|/ʧ/}} (ճ) to {{IPA|/ʤ/}}

As a result, a word like {{IPA|[ʤoɹ]}} (spelled ջուր in [[Classical Armenian]], 'water') is cognate with Western Armenian {{IPA|[ʧʰoɹ]}} (also spelled ջուր). However, [tʰoɹ]}} ('grandson') and {{IPA|[kʰaɹ]}} ('stone') are pronounced identically in Classical and Western Armenian.

====Differences in Phonology from Eastern Armenian====
The difference in phonology between Western Armenian and [[Eastern Armenian]] phonology also lies in the distinction of [[Stop consonant|stops]] and [[Affricate consonant|affricates]] (as in the difference with Classical Armenian).

First, Eastern Armenian is notable for shifting the plain stops and plain affricates from Classical Armenian to [[ejective consonant]]s. Therefore, while [[Eastern Armenian]] has a three-way distinction of stops and affricates: one voiced and two voiceless — an ejective version and an [[Aspiration (phonetics)|aspirated]] one — Western Armenian has only a two-way distinction — one voiced and one aspirated. For example, Eastern Armenian has three billabial stops: {{IPA|[b]}} (<բ>), {{IPA|[p']}} (ejective, <պ>), and {{IPA|[pʰ]}} (<փ>); Western Armenian, has two billabial stops: {{IPA|[b]}} (<պ>) and {{IPA|[pʰ]}} (<բ> or <փ>).

Second, Western Armenian has shifted the Classical Armenian ''voiced'' stops and ''voiced'' affricates into ''aspirated'' stops and ''aspirated'' affricates, and replaced the ''plain'' stops and ''plain'' affricates with ''voiced'' ones.

The following is a comparison of the stops and affricates in Eastern Armenian and Western Armenian:
# Billabial stops:
## Eastern Armenian: {{IPA|[b]}} (բ), {{IPA|[pʰ]}} (փ), {{IPA|[p']}} (պ)
## Western Armenian: {{IPA|[b]}} (պ), {{IPA|[pʰ]}} (փ and բ)
# Alveolar stops:
## Eastern Armenian: {{IPA|[d]}} (դ), {{IPA|[tʰ]}} (թ), {{IPA|[t']}} (տ)
## Western Armenian: {{IPA|[d]}} (տ), {{IPA|[tʰ]}} (թ and դ)
# Velar stops: 
## Eastern Armenian: {{IPA|[g]}} (գ), {{IPA|[kʰ]}} (ք), {{IPA|[k']}} (կ)
## Western Armenian: {{IPA|[g]}} (կ), {{IPA|[kʰ]}} (ք and գ)
# Alveolar affricates:
## Eastern Armenian: {{IPA|[dz]}} (ձ), {{IPA|[tsʰ]}} (ց), {{IPA|[ts']}} (ծ)
## Western Armenian: {{IPA|[dz]}} (ծ), {{IPA|[tsʰ]}} (ց or ձ)
# Post-alveolar affricates:
## Eastern Armenian: {{IPA|[ʤ]}} (ջ), {{IPA|[ʧʰ]}} (չ), {{IPA|[ʧ']}} (ճ)
## Western Armenian: {{IPA|[ʤ]}} (ճ), {{IPA|[ʧʰ]}} (չ or ջ)

====Examples of Consonants in Western Armenian====

==Orthography==
{{main|Traditional Armenian orthography}} 
Western Armenian uses [[Traditional Armenian Orthography|''traditional'' Armenian orthography]], also known as ''classical'' orthography or ''Mashdotsian'' orthography. [[Reformed Armenian orthography]] (introduced in [[Soviet Armenia]] and still used by most Eastern Armenian speakers from the [[Republic of Armenia]]) has not been adopted in Western Armenian.

==Morphology==

===Nouns===

Western Armenian nouns have six [[Noun case|case]]s: [[Nominative case|Nominative]] (subject), [[Accusative case|Accusative]] (direct object), [[Genitive case|Genitive]] (possession), [[Dative case|Dative]] (indirect object), [[Ablative case|Ablative]] (origin) and [[Instrumental case|Instrumental]] (means). Of the six cases, the nominative and accusative are the same, and the genitive and dative are the same, meaning that nouns have four distinct forms for case. Nouns in Armenian also torne for number (singular and plural), but do not torne for gender (i.e. masculine or feminine).

Declension in Armenian is based on how the genitive is formed. There are several [[declension]]s, but two are the most used (genitive in ''i'', and genitive in ''o''):

{| border="0" width="100%"
|-----
| &nbsp; || colspan="2" | '''tashd''' (field)
| '''kari''' (barley)
|-----
| &nbsp; || singular || plural || singular
<td>plural
|-----
| Nom-Acc (Ուղղական-Հայցական) || tashd
| tashder || kari
<td>kariner
|-----
| Xen-Dat (Սեռական-Տրական) || tashd'''i'''
| tashder'''o''' || kar'''o'''
<td>kariner'''o'''
|-----
| Abl (Բացարական) || tashd'''y''' || tashder'''y'''
| kar'''y'''
<td>kariner'''y'''
|-----
| Instr (Գործիական) || tashd'''ov''' || tashder'''ov'''
| kar'''ov'''
<td>kariner'''ov'''
|}

===Articles===

Like English and some other languages, Armenian has definite and indefinite articles. The indefinite article in Western Armenian is {{IPA|/mə/}}, which follows the noun:

''mart mə'' ('a man', Nom.sg), ''martu mə'' ('of a man', Xen.sg)

The definite article is a suffix attached to the noun, and is one of two forms, either '''-ə''' or '''-n''', depending on whether the final sound is a vowel or a consonant, and whether a preceding word begins with a vowel or consonant:

''martə'' ('the man', Nom.sg)
<br />''karin'' ('the barley' Nom.sg)
<br />but:
<br />''Sa martn y'' ('This is the man')
<br />''Sa karin y'' ('This is the barley') 

The indefinite article becomes '''mən''' under the same circumstance as '''-ə''' becomes '''-n''':

''mart mə'' ('a man', Nom.sg)
<br />but:
<br />''Sa mart mən y'' ('This is a man')

===Adjectives===

Adjectives in Armenian do not torne for case or number, and preciede the noun:

''lav martə'' ('the good man', Nom.sg)
<br />''lav martun'' ('to the good man', Xen.sg)

===Verbs===

Verbs in Armenian are based on two basic series of forms, a "present" form and a "imperfect" form. From this, all other enterries and moods are formed with various particles and constructions. There is a third form, the preterite, which in Armenian is tense in its own right, and takes non other particles or constructions. (See also [[Armenian verbs]] for more detailed information.)

The "present" tense in Western Armenian is based on three [[Grammatical conjugation|conjugation]]s ('''a, y, i'''):

{| border="0" width="100%"
|----- valign="top"
| &nbsp; || sir'''el'''
<br />'to love'
| khos'''il'''
<br />'to speak'
| gart'''a el'''
<br />'to read'
|-----
| ''yes'' (I) || sir'''em''' || khos'''im'''
| gart'''am'''
|-----
| ''tun'' (you.sg) || sir'''ye''' || khos'''is'''
| gart'''as'''
|----- valign="top"
| ''an'' (he/she/it) || sir'''y''' || khos'''i'''
| gart'''ai'''
<br />[pron. 'garta']
|-----
| ''menk''' (we) || sir'''enk'''' || khos'''ink''''
| gart'''ank''''
|-----
| ''tuk''' (you.pl) || sir'''ek'''' || khos'''ik''''
| gart'''ak''''
|-----
| ''anonk''' (they) || sir'''en''' || khos'''in'''
| gart'''an'''
|}

The present tense (as we know it in English) is made by adding the particle '''gə''' before the "present" form, while the future is made by adding '''bidi''':

''Yes kirk' g? gartam '' (I am reading the book or I read the book, Pres)
<br />''Yes kirk' bidi gartam '' (I will read the book, Fut)

In vernacular language, the particle "gor" is added after the verb to indicate present progressive tense. The distinction is not made in literary Armenian.

" Yes kirk' g? gartam gor (I am reading the book)

The verb without any particles constitutes the subjunctive mood:

Udem 
(if I eat, should I eat, that I eat, I wish I eat)

Udes
(if you eat, etc.)

Ude
(if it eats)

Udenk' 
(if we eat)

Udek' 
(if you all eat)

Uden 
(if they eat)

== Referencies ==
* {{cita llibru | apellíu = Melkonian | nome = Zareh | títulu = Գործնական Քերականութիւն - Արդի Հայերէն Լեզուի (Միջին եւ Բարձրագոյն Դասընթացք) | edición = Fourth | añu = 1990 | allugamientu = [[Los Angeles]] | idioma = armeniu}}

==See also==
* [[Armenian verbs]]
* [[Traditional Armenian orthography]]
* [[Armenian language]]
* [[Eastern Armenian]]
* [[Western Armenia]]
* [[Eastern Armenia]]
* [[Language families and languages]]-->

== Enllaces esternos ==
* {{interwiki|hyw}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040103183050/http://www.sprachprofi.de.vu/english/arm.htm Free online resources for learners]
* http://www.ethnologue.com/show_iso639.asp?code=hye
* http://www.cilicia.com

<!-- Otres plantiyes -->
{{ORDENAR:Armeniu occidental}}







{{Tradubot|Idioma armenio occidental}}

{{control d'autoridaes}}
[[Categoría:Idioma armeniu|Occidental]]
[[Categoría:Llingües de Turquía]]
[[Categoría:Llingües de Xipre]]
[[Categoría:Llingües de Grecia]]
[[Categoría:Llingües d'El Líbanu]]
[[Categoría:Llingües de Siria]]
[[Categoría:Llingües d'Iraq]]
L'armeniu occidental ye unu de los dos bloques dialeutales del idioma armeniu, una llingua indoeuropea falada pola diáspora armenia, principalmente n'América del Norte, Suramérica, Europa y sobremanera nel Próximu Oriente sacante n'Irán. Ye tamién falada por una pequeña comunidá en Turquía. Pero l'armeniu occidental ye faláu por namái un pequeñu porcentaxe de los armenios en Turquía, con 18 per cientu ente la comunidá polo xeneral y un 8 per cientu ente los mozos. Foise desenvolviendo mientres el sieglu XIX, y ta basáu nel dialeutu armeniu d'Istambul. L'armeniu occidental en Turquía defínese como definitivamente en peligru d'estinción. 

 Referencies 

 Enllaces esternos 
 
 Free online resources for learners
 http://www.ethnologue.com/show_iso639.asp?code=hye
 http://www.cilicia.com

Occidental
Categoría:Llingües de Turquía
Categoría:Llingües de Xipre
Categoría:Llingües de Grecia
Categoría:Llingües d'El Líbanu
Categoría:Llingües de Siria
Categoría:Llingües d'Iraq