Llingües salishanas
{{Ficha de familia de llingua
 | nome = Llingües salish
 | familia madre = mariña Noroccidental del Pacíficu |
 zona = Mariña del pacíficu d'[[América del Norte]]
 | países = {{USA}}<br />{{CAN}}
 | falantes= ~12200 (1981)<ref>Probablemente esta cifra referir al grupu étnicu, non al númberu precisu de falantes.</ref><br>~3134 (2009)<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=family Ethnologue:Statistical summaries]</ref>
 | familia = ?
 | sub1 = [[Llingües salish del interior|Salish del interior]]
 | sub2 = [[Llingües salish de la mariña|Salish de la mariña]]
 | sub3 = [[Nuxálk]]
 | mapa = [[Ficheru:Salishan langs.png|280px|Distribución de les llingües Salish.]]
}}
Les '''llingües salish''' son un grupu de [[llingües amerindies]] falaes nel Suroeste de [[Canadá]] y Noroeste de los [[EE. XX.]], na mariña del Pacíficu y l'interior, nos estaos de Washington, [[Idaho]] y Noroeste de [[Montana]]. El so nome deriva de '''salst''' (home). Carauterizar por ser llingües aglutinantes.

== Clasificación interna ==
La familia salish consta de 23 llingües, que non siempres se correspuenden cola división tribal, una y bones delles tribus falen dialeutos distintos, como los de la isla [[Squaxin]] o los [[tulalip]]. 

I. ''Bella Coola''
: 1. '''[[Nuxálk]]''' (''tamién'' Bella Coola, Salmon River) 20 falantes (2002)<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=blc Ethnologue report for language code: Bella Coola]</ref>
::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Kimsquit]]</span>
::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Bella Coola]]</span>
::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Kwatna]]</span>
::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Tallheo]]</span>

II. ''[[llingües salish de la mariña|Salish de la Mariña]]''

: A. Salish de la Mariña Central (''tamién'' Central Salish)
:: 2. '''Comox''' 400 (1983)<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=coo Ethnologue report for language code: Comox]</ref>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Comox]] (''també'' Q’ómox̣ʷs)</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Sliammon]] (Homalco-Klahoose-Sliammon) (''també'' ʔaiʔaǰúθəm)</span>
:: 3. '''[[Halkomelem]]''' 225 (2002)<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=hur Ethnologue report for language code: Halkomelem]</ref>
::: <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Island (''tamién'' Hul'q̱’umi’num’, həl̕q̓əmín̓əm̓)</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Cowichan]]</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Nanaimo]]</span>
::: <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Downriver (''tamién'' Hunq’umʔiʔnumʔ)</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Katzie]]</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Kwantlen]]</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Musqueam Indian Band|Musqueam]]</span>
::: <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Upriver (''tamién'' Upper Stalo, Halq’əméyləm)</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Chehalis]]</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Chilliwack</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Tait (mitoloxía)|Tait]]</span>
:: 4. '''[[Lushootseed]]''' (''tamién'' Puget Salish, Skagit-Nisqually, Dxʷləšúcid) 60 (1990)<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=lut Ethnologue report for language code: Lushootseed]</ref>
::: <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Northern</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Skagit]] (''tamién'' Skaǰət)</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Snohomish]] (''tamién'' Sduhubš)</span>
::: <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Southern</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Duwamish-Suquamish]] (''tamién'' Dxʷduʔabš)</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Puyallup (tribu)|Puyallup]] (''tamién'' Spuyaləpubš)</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Nisqually]] (''tamién'' Sqʷaliʔabš)</span>
:: 5. '''[[Nooksack (tribe)|Nooksack]]''' (''tamién'' ɬə́čələsəm, ɬə́čælosəm) ''(†)''
:: 6. '''[[Pentlatch]]''' (''tamién'' Pənƛ̕áč) ''(†)''
:: 7. '''[[Sechelt]]''' (''tamién'' Seshelt, Shashishalhem, šášíšáɬəm) 40 (1990)<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sec Ethnologue report for language code: Sechelt]</ref>
:: 8. '''[[Squamish]]''' (''tamién'' Sqwxwu7mish, Sḵwx̱wú7mesh, sqʷx̣ʷúʔməš) 15 (2002)<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=squ Ethnologue report for language code: Squamish]</ref>
:: i. Straits Salish group (''tamién'' Straits)
::: 9. '''[[Klallam]]''' (''tamién'' Clallam, Nəxʷsƛ̕áy̓emúcən) 100 (1980);<ref name= Katzner359 >Kenneth Katzner (1986) [1977]. ''[https://books.googlecl/books?id=HdINAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=es#v=onepage&q&f=false The Languages of the World]''. Londres: Routledge, páxs. 359-360. ISBN 0-7102-0861-8.</ref> 10 (1997)<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=clm Ethnologue report for language code: Clallam]</ref>
::::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Becher Bay</span>
::::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Eastern</span>
::::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Western</span>
::: 10. '''[[Estrechos del Norte]]''' (''tamién'' Straits) 20 (2002)<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=str Ethnologue report for language code: Salish, Straits]</ref>
::::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Lummi]] (''tamién'' Xwlemi’chosen, xʷləel mioʔčósən) ''(†)''</span>
::::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Saanich]] (''tamién'' SENĆOŦEN, sənčáθən, sénəčqən)</span>
::::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Samish]] (''tamién'' Siʔneməš)</span>
::::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Semaihmoo]] (''tamién'' Tah-el to-lo) ''(†)''</span>
::::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Sooke]] (''tamién'' T’sou-ke, c̓awk) ''(†)''</span>
::::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Songhees]] (''tamién'' Lək̓ʷəŋín̓əŋ) ''(†)''</span>
:: 11. '''[[Twana]]''' (''tamién'' Skokomish, Sqʷuqʷúʔbəšq, Tuwáduqutšad) ''(†)''
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Quilcene]]</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Skokomish]] (''tamién'' Sqʷuqʷúʔbəšq)</span>

: B. [[llingües tsamosanas|Tsamosano]] (''tamién'' [[península Olympic|Olympic peninsula]])
:: i. Interior
::: 12. '''[[Cowlitz]]''' 110 (2010) (''tamién'' Lower Cowlitz, Sƛ̕púlmš)
::: 13. '''[[Upper Chehalis]]''' (''tamién'' Q̉ʷai̓áyiɬq̉) ''(†)''
::::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Oakville Chehalis]]</span>
::::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Satsop]]</span>
::::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Tenino Chehalis]]</span>
:: ii. Marítimu :::
14. '''[[Lower Chehalis]]''' (''tamién'' ɬəw̓ál̕məš) ''(†)''
::::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Humptulips]]</span>
::::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Westport-Shoalwater]]</span>
::::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Wynoochee]]</span>
::: 15. '''[[Quinault]]''' (''tamién'' Kʷínayɬ) ''(†)''
::::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Queets]]</span>
::::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Quinault]]</span>

: C. Tillamook
:: 16. '''[[idioma tillamook|Tillamook]]''' (''tamién'' Hutyéyu) ''(†)''
::: <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Siletz</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Siletz]]</span>
::: <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Tillamook</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Garibaldi-Nestucca]]</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Nehalem]]</span>

III. ''[[Llingües salish del interior|Salish del Interior]]''

: A. Septentrional
:: 17. '''[[Shuswap]]''' (''tamién'' Secwepemctsín, səxwəpməxcín) 1.255 (2001); 500<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=shs Ethnologue report for language code: Shuswap]</ref>-750 (2002)<ref name= Katzner343 >Kenneth Katzner (2002) [1977]. ''[https://books.googlecl/books?id=FO-mRpSog0YC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false The Languages of the World]''. Nueva York: Routledge, páxs. 343. ISBN 978-0-41525-004-7.</ref>
::: <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Eastern</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Kinbasket</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Shuswap Lake</span>
::: <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Western</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Canim Lake</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Chu Chua</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Deadman's Creek-Kamloops</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Fraser River</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Pavilion-Bonaparte</span>
:: 18. '''[[St’at’imcets]]''' (''tamién'' Lillooet, Lilloet, St'át'imcets) 200 (2002)<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=lil Ethnologue report for language code: Lillooet]</ref>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Lillooet-Fountain</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Mount Currie-Douglas</span>
:: 19. '''[[Salish del Ríu Thompson]]''' (''tamién'' Nlaka’pamux, Ntlakapmuk, nɬyʔkepmxcín, Thompson River, Thompson Salish, Thompson, conocíos en tiempos de la frontera como Klackarpun, Couteau o Knife Indians) 720 (2001)<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=thp Ethnologue report for language code: Thompson]</ref>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Lytton</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Nicola Valley</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Spuzzum]]-Boston Chigre</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Thompson Canyon</span>

: B. Meridional
:: 20. '''[[Coeur d'Alene]]''' (''tamién'' Snchitsu’umshtsn, snčícuʔumšcn) 5 (1999)<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=crd Ethnologue report for language code: Coeur d'Alene]</ref>
:: 21. '''[[Columbian]]''' (''tamién'' Columbia, Nxaʔamxcín) 75 (1990)<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=col Ethnologue report for language code: Columbia-Wenatchi]</ref>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Chelan</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Entiat</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Moses Columbia</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Wenatchee (''tamién'' Pesquous)</span>
:: 22. '''[[Colville-Okanagan]]''' (''tamién'' Okanagan, Nsilxcín, Nsíylxcən, ta nukunaqínxcən) 510 (2000)<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=oka Ethnologue report for language code: Okanagan]</ref>
::: <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Septentrional</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Xefe de los llagos</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Penticton</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Similkameen]]</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Vernon</span>
::: <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Meridional</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Lakes-Colville-Inchelium</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Methow</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">San Poil-Nespelem</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Southern Okanogan</span>
:: 23. '''[[Spokane-Kalispel-Flathead]]''' (''tamién'' Kalispel) 1.000 (1980);<ref name= Katzner359 /> 124 (2000-2004)<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=spo Ethnologue report for language code: Spokane]</ref><ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=fla Ethnologue report for language code: Kalispel-Pend D’oreille]</ref> 
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Flathead]] (''tamién'' Séliš)</span> 
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">Kalispel (''tamién'' Qalispé)</span> 
::::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Chewelah]]</span>
::::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Kalispel]]</span> 
::::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Pend d'Oreille]]</span>
:::* <span style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.3em;">[[Spokane]] (''tamién'' Npoqínišcn)</span>

== Descripción llingüística ==
=== Fonoloxía ===
Les [[llingües salish]] almiten grupos consonánticos d'enorme complexidá ente los cualos nun hai nenguna [[sonorante]]. L'analís convencional en sílabes presenta delles dificultaes en delles d'estes llingües. Dellos exemplos de pallabres llargues nestes llingües son:<ref>[https://books.google.es/books?id=VBvD52-QKcAC&pg=PA17&lpg=PA17&dq=salish+syllable&source=bl&ots=YC6ofF1GzG&sig=LKrPGAyJpnaE8NBa4vdOU51LUks&hl=es&sa=X&ei=8yVCT5mqE8GT-wbHltzRBQ&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=salish%20syllable&f=false Salish languages and linguistics: theoretical and descriptive perspectives], p. 17</ref>
: '''sčkʷkʼkʷƛus.tn''' 'güeyos pequeños' (spokane, salish de Montana)
: '''xłp̓x̣ʷłtłpłłskʷc̓''' {{IPA|[xɬpʼχʷɬtʰɬpʰɬːskʷʰts͡ʼ]}} 'tuvo nel so poder una planta d'[[cornus|escuernacabres]] (''Cornus canadensis'')' (bella coola)

L'inventariu consonánticu del proto-salish vien dau por:<ref>Kuipers, 2002.</ref>
:{| {{tablaguapa}} style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="2" | 
! [[consonante llabial|Llabial]]
! colspan=3| [[consonante coronal|Coronal]]
! [[consonante palatal|Palatal]]
! colspan=2| [[consonante velar|Velar]]
! colspan=2| [[consonante uvular|Uvular]]
! [[consonante glotal|glotal]]
|- 
! rowspan="2" | [[Obstruyente|obstruyente<br> non-continua]]
! <small>simple</small>
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*p}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*t}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*c}}
| || 
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*k}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*kʷ}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*q}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*qʷ}} ||
|-
! <small>[[consonante glotalizada|glotalizada]]</small>
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*pʼ}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*tʼ}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*cʼ}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*ƛ̕}} ||
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*kʼ}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*kʼʷ}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*qʼ}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*qʼʷ}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*ʔ}}
|-
! colspan=2| [[Fricativa|obstruyente<br> continua]]
| 
| colspan=2 style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*s}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*ɬ}} ||
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*x}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*xʷ}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*χ}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*χʷ}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*h}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Sonante]]
! <small>simple</small>
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*m}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*n}} ||
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*l}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*y}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*ɣ}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*w}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*ʕ}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*ʕʷ}} ||
|-
! <small>glotalizada</small>
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*mʼ}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*nʼ}} ||
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*lʼ}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*yʼ}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*ɣʼ}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*wʼ}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*ʕʼ}}
| style="font-size:larger;"|{{IPA|*ʕʼʷ}} ||
|}
Tien De tenese en cuenta que nel cuadru anterior emplegar signos [[alfabetu fonéticu americanista]] qu'en dellos casos difier del [[alfabetu fonéticu internacional]] y les siguientes convenciones:
* Los símbolos {{unicode|/*c, *cʼ, *ƛ̕/}} denotan africaes (= [[Alfabetu Fonéticu Internacional|AFI]] {{IPA|[ʦ, ʦʼ, tɬ͡ʼ]}})
* Los signos {{unicode|/*y, ɣ, ʕ*/}} (y los sos correspondientes glotalizadas) denotan aproximantes (= [[Alfabetu Fonéticu Internacional|AFI]] {{IPA|[j, ɰ, ʕ]}})

=== Comparanza léxica ===
Los [[Numberal (llingüística)|numberales]] para distintes llingües salish son:<ref>A. H. Kuipers (2002): ''Salish Etymological Dictionary''</ref><ref>[http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/numberal/Salishan.htm Salishan Numerals (E. Chan)]</ref>
:{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center;
|-
! <small>GLOSA</small>
! [[Nuxálk|Bella Cula<br>(Nuxálk)]]
! [[llingües salish de la mariña#Comparanza léxica|<small>PROTO-SAL.<br> DE LA MARIÑA</small>]]
! [[llingües salish del interior|<small>PROTO-SAL.<br> DEL INTERIOR</small>]]
! <small>PROTO-<br>SALISH</small>
|-
| '1' || smaw || *n(ə)čʼúʔ || *nkʼúʔ || *n(a)kʼoʔ
|-
| '2' || ɬnus || *ʔəsáli || *(ʔy)sáli || *ʔəsali
|-
| '3' || ʔasmus || *čaɬas /<br>*ɬíxʷ- || *kaʔɬás~<br>*čaʔɬás || *kaʔɬas
|-
| '4' || mus || *mus || *mús || *mus
|-
| '5' || cʼixʷ || *ci- /<br> *ɬqʼačis || *cíl-kst || *cil(-ak-ist)
|-
| '6' || tʼx̩ʷoɬ || *tʼəχm || *tʼəqʼm- || *tʼəχ(m)
|-
| '7' || nus(ʔ)aɬkɬm || *cʼúʔkʷ(i)s || *cʼo(p)ɬkʼ || *cʼoʔ
|-
| '8' || kʼiɬnus<br>(10-2) || *tqačiʔ || || *tqačiʔ
|-
| '9' || kʼismaw<br>(10-1) || *tə́wixʷ || *təwixʷ || *təwixʷ
|-
| '10' || cʼklakt || *ʔúpən || *ʔo-pan-kst || *(ʔo)pan
|}

== Referencies ==
{{llistaref|2}}
=== Bibliografía ===
* Czaykowska-Higgins, Ewa; & Kinkade, M. Dale (Eds.). (1997). ''Salish languages and linguistics: Theoretical and descriptive perspectives''. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-015492-7.
* Kroeber, Paul D. (1999). ''The Salish language family: Reconstructing syntax''. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press in cooperation with the American Indian Studies Research Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington.
* Thompson, Laurence C. (1973). The northwest. In T. A. Sebeok (Ed.), ''Linguistics in North America'' (páxs. 979-1045). Current trends in linguistics (Vol. 10). The Hauge: Mouton.
* Thompson, Laurence C. (1979). Salishan and the northwest. In L. Campbell & M. Mithun (Eds.), ''The languages of native America: Historical and comparative assessment'' (páxs. 692-765). Austin: University of Texas Press.

=== Enllaces esternos ===
* [http://www.ydli.org/biblios/salbib.htm Bibliografía de Materiales en llingües salish] <small>(YDLI)</small>
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070220020550/http://grizzly.umt.edu/ling/umopl/Titles.htm University of Montana Occasional Papers in Linguistics (UMOPL)] <small>(Llingües natives del Noroeste)</small>
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061011010514/http://home.istar.ca/~bthom/salish-rev.htm Coast Salish Culture: an Outline Bibliography]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050611084224/http://collections.ic.gc.ca/salish/ph2/trad/salish.htm Coleiciones de Salish de la Mariña]
* [http://www.cas.unt.edu/~montler/salishan/icsnl.htm International Conference on Salish and Neighboring Languages]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051022090907/http://listserv.linguistlist.org/archives/salishan.html The Salishan Studies List] <small>(Linguist List)</small>
* [http://www.umt.edu/ling/resources/ConsRes.htm Okanagan language resources] <small>(includes sound files)</small>
* [http://www.sfu.ca/halk-ethnobiology/ Native Peoples, Plants & Animals: Halkomelem]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051023061528/http://www.ling.unt.edu/~montler/Saanich/ Saanich] <small>(Timothy Montler's site)</small>
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050420013044/http://www.ling.unt.edu/~montler/Klallam/index.htm Klallam] <small>(Timothy Montler's site)</small>
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050629021725/http://www.lib.montana.edu/~bcoon/nwcst.html Bibliografía de Llingüística de la Mariña Noroeste]
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?xubíi=91083 Clasificación Etnolóxica de los Salish]


{{Tradubot|Lenguas salishanas}}

{{control d'autoridaes}}
[[Categoría:Llingües salish]]


[[Categoría:Wikipedia:Correxir/Revisar títulu]]
Les llingües salish son un grupu de llingües amerindies falaes nel Suroeste de Canadá y Noroeste de los EE. XX., na mariña del Pacíficu y l'interior, nos estaos de Washington, Idaho y Noroeste de Montana. El so nome deriva de salst (home). Carauterizar por ser llingües aglutinantes.

 Clasificación interna 
La familia salish consta de 23 llingües, que non siempres se correspuenden cola división tribal, una y bones delles tribus falen dialeutos distintos, como los de la isla Squaxin o los tulalip. 

I. Bella Coola
 1. Nuxálk (tamién Bella Coola, Salmon River) 20 falantes (2002)Ethnologue report for language code: Bella Coola
 Kimsquit
 Bella Coola
 Kwatna
 Tallheo

II. Salish de la Mariña

 A. Salish de la Mariña Central (tamién Central Salish)
 2. Comox 400 (1983)Ethnologue report for language code: Comox
 Comox (també Q’ómox̣ʷs)
 Sliammon (Homalco-Klahoose-Sliammon) (també ʔaiʔaǰúθəm)
 3. Halkomelem 225 (2002)Ethnologue report for language code: Halkomelem
 Island (tamién Hul'q̱’umi’num’, həl̕q̓əmín̓əm̓)
 Cowichan
 Nanaimo
 Downriver (tamién Hunq’umʔiʔnumʔ)
 Katzie
 Kwantlen
 Musqueam
 Upriver (tamién Upper Stalo, Halq’əméyləm)
 Chehalis
 Chilliwack
 Tait
 4. Lushootseed (tamién Puget Salish, Skagit-Nisqually, Dxʷləšúcid) 60 (1990)Ethnologue report for language code: Lushootseed
 Northern
 Skagit (tamién Skaǰət)
 Snohomish (tamién Sduhubš)
 Southern
 Duwamish-Suquamish (tamién Dxʷduʔabš)
 Puyallup (tamién Spuyaləpubš)
 Nisqually (tamién Sqʷaliʔabš)
 5. Nooksack (tamién ɬə́čələsəm, ɬə́čælosəm) (†)
 6. Pentlatch (tamién Pənƛ̕áč) (†)
 7. Sechelt (tamién Seshelt, Shashishalhem, šášíšáɬəm) 40 (1990)Ethnologue report for language code: Sechelt
 8. Squamish (tamién Sqwxwu7mish, Sḵwx̱wú7mesh, sqʷx̣ʷúʔməš) 15 (2002)Ethnologue report for language code: Squamish
 i. Straits Salish group (tamién Straits)
 9. Klallam (tamién Clallam, Nəxʷsƛ̕áy̓emúcən) 100 (1980);Kenneth Katzner (1986) [1977]. The Languages of the World. Londres: Routledge, páxs. 359-360. ISBN 0-7102-0861-8. 10 (1997)Ethnologue report for language code: Clallam
 Becher Bay
 Eastern
 Western
 10. Estrechos del Norte (tamién Straits) 20 (2002)Ethnologue report for language code: Salish, Straits
 Lummi (tamién Xwlemi’chosen, xʷləel mioʔčósən) (†)
 Saanich (tamién SENĆOŦEN, sənčáθən, sénəčqən)
 Samish (tamién Siʔneməš)
 Semaihmoo (tamién Tah-el to-lo) (†)
 Sooke (tamién T’sou-ke, c̓awk) (†)
 Songhees (tamién Lək̓ʷəŋín̓əŋ) (†)
 11. Twana (tamién Skokomish, Sqʷuqʷúʔbəšq, Tuwáduqutšad) (†)
 Quilcene
 Skokomish (tamién Sqʷuqʷúʔbəšq)

 B. Tsamosano (tamién Olympic peninsula)
 i. Interior
 12. Cowlitz 110 (2010) (tamién Lower Cowlitz, Sƛ̕púlmš)
 13. Upper Chehalis (tamién Q̉ʷai̓áyiɬq̉) (†)
 Oakville Chehalis
 Satsop
 Tenino Chehalis
 ii. Marítimu :::
14. Lower Chehalis (tamién ɬəw̓ál̕məš) (†)
 Humptulips
 Westport-Shoalwater
 Wynoochee
 15. Quinault (tamién Kʷínayɬ) (†)
 Queets
 Quinault

 C. Tillamook
 16. Tillamook (tamién Hutyéyu) (†)
 Siletz
 Siletz
 Tillamook
 Garibaldi-Nestucca
 Nehalem

III. Salish del Interior

 A. Septentrional
 17. Shuswap (tamién Secwepemctsín, səxwəpməxcín) 1.255 (2001); 500Ethnologue report for language code: Shuswap-750 (2002)Kenneth Katzner (2002) [1977]. The Languages of the World. Nueva York: Routledge, páxs. 343. ISBN 978-0-41525-004-7.
 Eastern
 Kinbasket
 Shuswap Lake
 Western
 Canim Lake
 Chu Chua
 Deadman's Creek-Kamloops
 Fraser River
 Pavilion-Bonaparte
 18. St’at’imcets (tamién Lillooet, Lilloet, St'át'imcets) 200 (2002)Ethnologue report for language code: Lillooet
 Lillooet-Fountain
 Mount Currie-Douglas
 19. Salish del Ríu Thompson (tamién Nlaka’pamux, Ntlakapmuk, nɬyʔkepmxcín, Thompson River, Thompson Salish, Thompson, conocíos en tiempos de la frontera como Klackarpun, Couteau o Knife Indians) 720 (2001)Ethnologue report for language code: Thompson
 Lytton
 Nicola Valley
 Spuzzum-Boston Chigre
 Thompson Canyon

 B. Meridional
 20. Coeur d'Alene (tamién Snchitsu’umshtsn, snčícuʔumšcn) 5 (1999)Ethnologue report for language code: Coeur d'Alene
 21. Columbian (tamién Columbia, Nxaʔamxcín) 75 (1990)Ethnologue report for language code: Columbia-Wenatchi
 Chelan
 Entiat
 Moses Columbia
 Wenatchee (tamién Pesquous)
 22. Colville-Okanagan (tamién Okanagan, Nsilxcín, Nsíylxcən, ta nukunaqínxcən) 510 (2000)Ethnologue report for language code: Okanagan
 Septentrional
 Xefe de los llagos
 Penticton
 Similkameen
 Vernon
 Meridional
 Lakes-Colville-Inchelium
 Methow
 San Poil-Nespelem
 Southern Okanogan
 23. Spokane-Kalispel-Flathead (tamién Kalispel) 1.000 (1980); 124 (2000-2004)Ethnologue report for language code: SpokaneEthnologue report for language code: Kalispel-Pend D’oreille 
 Flathead (tamién Séliš) 
 Kalispel (tamién Qalispé) 
 Chewelah
 Kalispel 
 Pend d'Oreille
 Spokane (tamién Npoqínišcn)

 Descripción llingüística 
 Fonoloxía 
Les llingües salish almiten grupos consonánticos d'enorme complexidá ente los cualos nun hai nenguna sonorante. L'analís convencional en sílabes presenta delles dificultaes en delles d'estes llingües. Dellos exemplos de pallabres llargues nestes llingües son:Salish languages and linguistics: theoretical and descriptive perspectives, p. 17
 sčkʷkʼkʷƛus.tn 'güeyos pequeños' (spokane, salish de Montana)
 xłp̓x̣ʷłtłpłłskʷc̓  'tuvo nel so poder una planta d'escuernacabres (Cornus canadensis)' (bella coola)

L'inventariu consonánticu del proto-salish vien dau por:Kuipers, 2002.
{|  style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="2" | 
! Llabial
! colspan=3| Coronal
! Palatal
! colspan=2| Velar
! colspan=2| Uvular
! glotal
|- 
! rowspan="2" | obstruyente non-continua
! simple
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| || 
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"| ||
|-
! glotalizada
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"| ||
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"|
|-
! colspan=2| obstruyente continua
| 
| colspan=2 style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"| ||
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"|
|-
! rowspan="2" | Sonante
! simple
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"| ||
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"| ||
|-
! glotalizada
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"| ||
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"|
| style="font-size:larger;"| ||
|}
Tien De tenese en cuenta que nel cuadru anterior emplegar signos alfabetu fonéticu americanista qu'en dellos casos difier del alfabetu fonéticu internacional y les siguientes convenciones:
 Los símbolos  denotan africaes (= AFI )
 Los signos  (y los sos correspondientes glotalizadas) denotan aproximantes (= AFI )

 Comparanza léxica 
Los numberales para distintes llingües salish son:A. H. Kuipers (2002): Salish Etymological DictionarySalishan Numerals (E. Chan)
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center;
|-
! GLOSA
! Bella Cula(Nuxálk)
! PROTO-SAL. DE LA MARIÑA
! PROTO-SAL. DEL INTERIOR
! PROTO-SALISH
|-
| '1' || smaw || *n(ə)čʼúʔ || *nkʼúʔ || *n(a)kʼoʔ
|-
| '2' || ɬnus || *ʔəsáli || *(ʔy)sáli || *ʔəsali
|-
| '3' || ʔasmus || *čaɬas /*ɬíxʷ- || *kaʔɬás~*čaʔɬás || *kaʔɬas
|-
| '4' || mus || *mus || *mús || *mus
|-
| '5' || cʼixʷ || *ci- / *ɬqʼačis || *cíl-kst || *cil(-ak-ist)
|-
| '6' || tʼx̩ʷoɬ || *tʼəχm || *tʼəqʼm- || *tʼəχ(m)
|-
| '7' || nus(ʔ)aɬkɬm || *cʼúʔkʷ(i)s || *cʼo(p)ɬkʼ || *cʼoʔ
|-
| '8' || kʼiɬnus(10-2) || *tqačiʔ || || *tqačiʔ
|-
| '9' || kʼismaw(10-1) || *tə́wixʷ || *təwixʷ || *təwixʷ
|-
| '10' || cʼklakt || *ʔúpən || *ʔo-pan-kst || *(ʔo)pan
|}

 Referencies 

 Bibliografía 
 Czaykowska-Higgins, Ewa; & Kinkade, M. Dale (Eds.). (1997). Salish languages and linguistics: Theoretical and descriptive perspectives. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-015492-7.
 Kroeber, Paul D. (1999). The Salish language family: Reconstructing syntax. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press in cooperation with the American Indian Studies Research Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington.
 Thompson, Laurence C. (1973). The northwest. In T. A. Sebeok (Ed.), Linguistics in North America (páxs. 979-1045). Current trends in linguistics (Vol. 10). The Hauge: Mouton.
 Thompson, Laurence C. (1979). Salishan and the northwest. In L. Campbell & M. Mithun (Eds.), The languages of native America: Historical and comparative assessment (páxs. 692-765). Austin: University of Texas Press.

 Enllaces esternos 
 Bibliografía de Materiales en llingües salish (YDLI)
 University of Montana Occasional Papers in Linguistics (UMOPL) (Llingües natives del Noroeste)
 Coast Salish Culture: an Outline Bibliography
 Coleiciones de Salish de la Mariña
 International Conference on Salish and Neighboring Languages
 The Salishan Studies List (Linguist List)
 Okanagan language resources (includes sound files)
 Native Peoples, Plants & Animals: Halkomelem
 Saanich (Timothy Montler's site)
 Klallam (Timothy Montler's site)
 Bibliografía de Llingüística de la Mariña Noroeste
 Clasificación Etnolóxica de los Salish

Categoría:Llingües salish

Categoría:Wikipedia:Correxir/Revisar títulu