Sandra Harding
{{Tradubot|Sandra Harding}}
{{persona}}
'''Sandra G. Harding''' {{nym}} foi una [[filósofa]] y [[feminista]] d'[[Estaos Xuníos]].

== Biografía ==
Llogró'l so doctoráu pola [[Universidá de Nueva York]] en 1973. Los sos trabayos enmárquense dientro de la [[Filosofía de la Ciencia]], la [[Epistemoloxía Feminista]], la [[Poscolonialismu|Teoría postcolonial]] y la [[metodoloxía]] en [[investigación]]. Foi profesora na [[Universidá de California, Los Angeles]].

Harding foi la primer direutora del 'Centru d'estudiu de la muyer' de la Universidá de California, Los Angeles (1996-2000), y codireutora de la prestixosa revista feminista publicada por [[University of Chicago Press]], ''[[Signs (revista feminista)|Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society]]'' (2000-2005). Tamién trabayó como profesora na [[Universidá de Delaware]], y foi profesora convidada na [[Universidá d'Ámsterdam]], la [[Universidá de Costa Rica]] y la [[Escuela politéunica federal]] de [[Zúrich]], [[Suiza]]. 

Harding contribuyó al desenvolvimientu de la [[Teoría del puntu de vista]], siendo una de los fundadores del campu de la [[Epistemoloxía Feminista]], según a los [[Estudios de ciencia, teunoloxía y xéneru]]. Les sos contribuciones nestes árees, según el so aproximamientu y crítica al conceutu d'[[oxetividá]] na [[ciencia]], fueron de gran influencia pa les [[Ciencies Sociales]] y pa la [[Filosofía]], y xeneró discutinios nel campu de les [[Ciencies Naturales]]. 

Sandra Harding foi consultada por numberosos organismos alrodiu de temes rellacionaes col feminismu y la ciencia postcolonial, como son por casu la [[Organización Panamericana de la Salú]], el [[Fondu de Desenvolvimientu de les Naciones Xuníes pa la Muyer]] y la Comisión de Ciencia y Teunoloxía pal Desenvolvimientu de la [[Organización de les Naciones Xuníes]] (ONX). Foi convidada como co-autora nun capítulu del ''World Science Report''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081204094301/http://www.unesco.org/science/psd/publications/cont96.shtml World Science Report 1996]</ref> de la [[Unesco]] de 1996.

Harding participó del alderique alrodiu de la neutralidá de la ciencia no que se vieno a llamar les [[guerres de la ciencia]].

== Escoyeta d'obres ==

=== Llibros ===
* ''The Science Question in Feminism'', 1986.
* ''Whose Science? Whose Knowledge?: Thinking from Women's Lives'', 1991.
* ''Is Science Multicultural? Postcolonialisms, Feminisms, and Epistemologies'', 1998.
* ''Science and Social Inequality: Feminist and Postcolonial Issues'', 2006.
* ''Sciences From Below: Feminisms, Postcolonialities, and Modernities'', 2008.
* ''Objectivity and Diversity: Another Logic of Scientific Research'', 2015.

=== Artículos ===
* 1973. "Feminism: Reform or Revolution?" ''Philosophical Forum'' (Boston) 5, 271–284
* 1979. "The Social Function of the Empiricist Conception of Mind," ''Metaphilosophy'' 10 (Jan 1), 38–47
* 1979. "Is the Equality of Opportunity Principle Democratic?" ''Philosophical Forum'' (Boston) 10 (Dec 1), 206–22
* 1982. "Is Gender a Variable in Conceptions of Rationality: A Survey of Issues," ''Dialectica'', 36 (Jan 1): 225–42
* 1983. "Why Has the Sex/Gender System Become Visible Only Now," in ''Discovering Reality'', ed. Sandra Harding and Merrill Hintikka
* 1987. "The Method Question," ''Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy'' 2, 19–35
* 1987. "The Curious Coincidence of Feminine and African Moralities," ''Women and Moral Theory'', ed. Eva Feder Kittay and Diana Meyers 
* 1990. "Starting Thought From Women's Lives: Eight Resources for Maximizing Objectivity," ''Journal of Social Philosophy'' 21(2–3), 140–49
* 1990. "Feminism, Science, and the Anti-Enlightenment Critiques," in ''Feminism/Postmodernism'', ed. Linda Nicholson, 83–106
* 1992. "After Eurocentrism? Challenges for the Philosophy of Science," ''PSA 1992'' Vol. 2, 311–319
* 1993. "Rethinking Standpoint Epistemology: What Is 'Strong Objectivity'?" in ''Feminist Epistemologies'', ed. Linda Alcoff and Elizabeth Potter
* 1995. "'Strong Objectivity': A Response to the New Objectivity Question," ''Synthese'', Vol. 104, No. 3, pp.&nbsp;331–349
* 1998. "Women, Science, and Society," ''Science'', New Series, Vol. 281, No. 5383 (Sep 11 1998), 1599–1600
* 2002. "Must the Advance of Science Advance Global Inequality?" ''International Studies Review'', Vol. 4, No. 2 (Summer), 87–105
* 2003. "How Standpoint Methodology Informs Philosophy of Social Science," in ''Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of the Social Sciences''
* 2004. "A Socially Relevant Philosophy of Science? Resources from Standpoint Theory's Controversiality," ''Hypatia'', Vol. 19, No. 1, 25–47
* 2005. "'Science and Democracy:' Replayed or Redesigned?" ''Social Epistemology'', Vol. 19, No. 1, 5–18
* 2006. "Two Influential Theories of Ignorance and Philosophy's Interests in Ignoring Them," ''Hypatia'', Vol. 21, No. 3 (Summer), 20–36
* 2007. "Modernity, Science, and Democracy," in ''Social Philosophy Today'', Volume 22. Philosophy Documentation Center
* 2008. "How Many Epistemologies Should Guide the Production of Scientific Knowledge?" ''Hypatia'', Vol. 23, No. 4, 212–219 
* 2009. "Postcolonial and Feminist Philosophies of Science and Technology," ''Postcolonial Studies'', Vol. 12, No. 4, p.&nbsp;410–429
* 2010. "Standpoint Methodologies and Epistemologies: A Logic of Scientific Inquiry for People," ''World Social Science Report 2010'', 173–5
* 2012. "Objectivity and Diversity," in ''Encyclopedia of Diversity in Education,'' ed. James Banks
* 2017. "Latin American Decolonial Studies: Feminist Issues," ''Feminist Studies'', Vol. 43, No. 3, 624–636 
* and Kathryn Norberg, 2005. "New Feminist Approaches to Social Science Methodologies: An Introduction," ''Signs'', Vol. 30, No. 4, 2009–15

== Ver tamién ==
* [[Filosofía n'Estaos Xuníos]]

== Referencies ==
{{llistaref}}

== Enllaces esternos ==
{{enllaces persona}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081228150536/http://www.mmww08.org/index.cfm?nav_id=63 Ponentes Convidaes/vos - Mundos de Muyeres / Women's Worlds 2008]
* [http://www.jacweb.org/Archived_volumes/Text_articles/V15_I2_Hirsh_Olson_Harding.htm "Starting from Marginalized Lives: A Conversation with Sandra Harding"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726201429/http://www.jacweb.org/Archived_volumes/Text_articles/V15_I2_Hirsh_Olson_Harding.htm |fecha=2011-07-26 }} by Sidney I. Dobrin and Thomas Kent, ''JAC'' 15.2, primavera 1995.
* [http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/281/5383/1599 "Women, Science, and Society"] by Sandra Harding, ''[[Science magacín|Science]]'', 11 de setiembre de 1998.

{{NF|1935|2025|Harding, Sandra}}
[[Categoría:Científicos y científiques d'Estaos Xuníos]]
[[Categoría:Feministes d'Estaos Xuníos]]
[[Categoría:Filósofos y filósofes d'Estaos Xuníos]]
[[Categoría:Filósofos y filósofes de la ciencia]]
[[Categoría:Profesores d'Estaos Xuníos]]
[[Categoría:Persones de San Francisco]]
Sandra G. Harding  foi una filósofa y feminista d'Estaos Xuníos.

 Biografía 
Llogró'l so doctoráu pola Universidá de Nueva York en 1973. Los sos trabayos enmárquense dientro de la Filosofía de la Ciencia, la Epistemoloxía Feminista, la Teoría postcolonial y la metodoloxía en investigación. Foi profesora na Universidá de California, Los Angeles.

Harding foi la primer direutora del 'Centru d'estudiu de la muyer' de la Universidá de California, Los Angeles (1996-2000), y codireutora de la prestixosa revista feminista publicada por University of Chicago Press, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society (2000-2005). Tamién trabayó como profesora na Universidá de Delaware, y foi profesora convidada na Universidá d'Ámsterdam, la Universidá de Costa Rica y la Escuela politéunica federal de Zúrich, Suiza. 

Harding contribuyó al desenvolvimientu de la Teoría del puntu de vista, siendo una de los fundadores del campu de la Epistemoloxía Feminista, según a los Estudios de ciencia, teunoloxía y xéneru. Les sos contribuciones nestes árees, según el so aproximamientu y crítica al conceutu d'oxetividá na ciencia, fueron de gran influencia pa les Ciencies Sociales y pa la Filosofía, y xeneró discutinios nel campu de les Ciencies Naturales. 

Sandra Harding foi consultada por numberosos organismos alrodiu de temes rellacionaes col feminismu y la ciencia postcolonial, como son por casu la Organización Panamericana de la Salú, el Fondu de Desenvolvimientu de les Naciones Xuníes pa la Muyer y la Comisión de Ciencia y Teunoloxía pal Desenvolvimientu de la Organización de les Naciones Xuníes (ONX). Foi convidada como co-autora nun capítulu del World Science ReportWorld Science Report 1996 de la Unesco de 1996.

Harding participó del alderique alrodiu de la neutralidá de la ciencia no que se vieno a llamar les guerres de la ciencia.

 Escoyeta d'obres 

 Llibros 
 The Science Question in Feminism, 1986.
 Whose Science? Whose Knowledge?: Thinking from Women's Lives, 1991.
 Is Science Multicultural? Postcolonialisms, Feminisms, and Epistemologies, 1998.
 Science and Social Inequality: Feminist and Postcolonial Issues, 2006.
 Sciences From Below: Feminisms, Postcolonialities, and Modernities, 2008.
 Objectivity and Diversity: Another Logic of Scientific Research, 2015.

 Artículos 
 1973. "Feminism: Reform or Revolution?" Philosophical Forum (Boston) 5, 271–284
 1979. "The Social Function of the Empiricist Conception of Mind," Metaphilosophy 10 (Jan 1), 38–47
 1979. "Is the Equality of Opportunity Principle Democratic?" Philosophical Forum (Boston) 10 (Dec 1), 206–22
 1982. "Is Gender a Variable in Conceptions of Rationality: A Survey of Issues," Dialectica, 36 (Jan 1): 225–42
 1983. "Why Has the Sex/Gender System Become Visible Only Now," in Discovering Reality, ed. Sandra Harding and Merrill Hintikka
 1987. "The Method Question," Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy 2, 19–35
 1987. "The Curious Coincidence of Feminine and African Moralities," Women and Moral Theory, ed. Eva Feder Kittay and Diana Meyers 
 1990. "Starting Thought From Women's Lives: Eight Resources for Maximizing Objectivity," Journal of Social Philosophy 21(2–3), 140–49
 1990. "Feminism, Science, and the Anti-Enlightenment Critiques," in Feminism/Postmodernism, ed. Linda Nicholson, 83–106
 1992. "After Eurocentrism? Challenges for the Philosophy of Science," PSA 1992 Vol. 2, 311–319
 1993. "Rethinking Standpoint Epistemology: What Is 'Strong Objectivity'?" in Feminist Epistemologies, ed. Linda Alcoff and Elizabeth Potter
 1995. "'Strong Objectivity': A Response to the New Objectivity Question," Synthese, Vol. 104, No. 3, pp. 331–349
 1998. "Women, Science, and Society," Science, New Series, Vol. 281, No. 5383 (Sep 11 1998), 1599–1600
 2002. "Must the Advance of Science Advance Global Inequality?" International Studies Review, Vol. 4, No. 2 (Summer), 87–105
 2003. "How Standpoint Methodology Informs Philosophy of Social Science," in Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of the Social Sciences
 2004. "A Socially Relevant Philosophy of Science? Resources from Standpoint Theory's Controversiality," Hypatia, Vol. 19, No. 1, 25–47
 2005. "'Science and Democracy:' Replayed or Redesigned?" Social Epistemology, Vol. 19, No. 1, 5–18
 2006. "Two Influential Theories of Ignorance and Philosophy's Interests in Ignoring Them," Hypatia, Vol. 21, No. 3 (Summer), 20–36
 2007. "Modernity, Science, and Democracy," in Social Philosophy Today, Volume 22. Philosophy Documentation Center
 2008. "How Many Epistemologies Should Guide the Production of Scientific Knowledge?" Hypatia, Vol. 23, No. 4, 212–219 
 2009. "Postcolonial and Feminist Philosophies of Science and Technology," Postcolonial Studies, Vol. 12, No. 4, p. 410–429
 2010. "Standpoint Methodologies and Epistemologies: A Logic of Scientific Inquiry for People," World Social Science Report 2010, 173–5
 2012. "Objectivity and Diversity," in Encyclopedia of Diversity in Education, ed. James Banks
 2017. "Latin American Decolonial Studies: Feminist Issues," Feminist Studies, Vol. 43, No. 3, 624–636 
 and Kathryn Norberg, 2005. "New Feminist Approaches to Social Science Methodologies: An Introduction," Signs, Vol. 30, No. 4, 2009–15

 Ver tamién 
 Filosofía n'Estaos Xuníos

 Referencies 

 Enllaces esternos 

 Ponentes Convidaes/vos - Mundos de Muyeres / Women's Worlds 2008
 "Starting from Marginalized Lives: A Conversation with Sandra Harding"  by Sidney I. Dobrin and Thomas Kent, JAC 15.2, primavera 1995.
 "Women, Science, and Society" by Sandra Harding, Science, 11 de setiembre de 1998.

Categoría:Científicos y científiques d'Estaos Xuníos
Categoría:Feministes d'Estaos Xuníos
Categoría:Filósofos y filósofes d'Estaos Xuníos
Categoría:Filósofos y filósofes de la ciencia
Categoría:Profesores d'Estaos Xuníos
Categoría:Persones de San Francisco