ܢܥܘܡ ܦܐܝܩ
[[ܠܦܦܐ:Naumfaik.jpg|thumb|200px|ܢܥܘܡ ܦܐܝܩ]]

'''ܢܥܘܡ ܐܠܝܣ ܝܥܩܘܒ ܒܐܠܟ''' ܝܕܝܥܐ ܐܝܟ '''ܢܥܘܡ ܦܐܝܩ'''  (ܫܒܛ 1868 - 5 ܫܒܛ 1930) ܗܘܐ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܐܒ̈ܗܬܐ ܕܫܬܐܣܬܐ ܕܐܘܡܬܢܝܘܬܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܬܐ ܒܕܪܐ ܕܥܣܪܝܢ. ܡܘܠܕ ܒ[[ܡܕܝܢܬܐ]] ܐܬܘܪܝܬܐ ܕ[[ܐܡܝܕ]] ܒܬܝܡܢܐ ܕ[[ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ|ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ]]. ܐܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܠܗ ܚܠܡܐ ܕܚܘܝܕܐ ܕܥܡܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ ܠܐ ܦܪ̈ܝܫܝܢ ܒܝܬ ܫܡܗ̈ܐ ܡܫܚ̈ܠܦܐ. ܩܪܐ ܘܝܠܦ ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ ܐܝܟ [[ܠܫܢܐ ܛܘܪܩܝܐ|ܛܘܪܩܝܐ]] ܘܐܝܟ [[ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ|ܣܘܪܝܝܐ]] ܘܐܝܟ [[ܠܫܢܐ ܦܪܢܫܝܐ|ܦܪܢܫܝܐ]] ܘܐܝܟ [[ܠܫܢܐ ܦܪܣܝܐ|ܦܪܣܝܐ]] ܘܐܝܟ [[ܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ|ܥܪܒܝܐ]]܀<ref>In memory of Malfouno Naoum Fayiq, the master of the national unity, by Aprim Shapera</ref>

==ܕܪܫܬܗ==
ܒܫܢ̈ܝ 1881 – 1889 ܐܣܬܦܝ ܒܝܘܠܦܢܐ ܘܝܠܦ ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܘܥܪܒܝܐ ܘܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܘܦܪܢܣܝܐ ܘܐܦ ܩܪܝܐ ܒܝܘܠܦܢ̈ܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ ܐܝܟ ܡܢܝܘܬܐ ܘܝܘܠܦܢ ܟܝܢܝܘܬܐ.
ܒܫܢܬ 1908 ܫܘܬܐܣܠܗ ܗܢܐ ܛܢܢܐ ܟܢܘܫܬܐ ܓܘ ܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܬܚܘܬ ܫܡܐ (ܥܝܪܘܬܐ) ܘܒܬܪ ܗܕܐ ܦܪܣ ܥܠ ܣܦܪܝܘܡܐ ([[ܟܘܟܒܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ]]).
ܒܝܘܡ 22 ܒܐܝܠܘܠ 1912 ܚܙܩ ܢܥܘܡ ܦܐܝܩ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕ[[ܒܝܪܘܬ]]. ܘܡܢ ܒܬܪܟܝܢ ܠ[[ܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܡܚܝܕܐ|ܐܘܚܕ̈ܢܐ ܡܚܝܕ̈ܐ]] ܒܝܘܡ 5 ܟܢܘܢ ܩܕܡܝܐ 1915 ܘܒܫܘܪܝܐ 1916 ܦܪܣ ܣܦܪܝܘܡܐ ܒܫܡܐ ܕ(ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ) ܒܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܘܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܘܗܢܐ ܣܦܪܝܘܡܐ ܦܫ ܒܢܦܩܐ ܡܬܚܐ ܕܬܠܬܥܣܪ̈ܐ ܫܢ̈ܝܢ. ܘܒܫܢܬ 1921 ܫܩܠ ܪܝܫܢܘܬܐ ܕܣܝܘܡܘܬܐ ܕܣܦܪܝܘܡܐ ܕ(ܚܘܝܕܐ) ܗܝ ܕܐܬܦܪܣܬ ܒܝܕ ܟܢܘܫܬܐ ܐܬܪܝܬܐ ܟܠܕܝܬܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܬܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܢܝܫ̈ܐ ܐܘܡܬܢܝ̈ܐ ܘܐܬܪ̈ܝܐ܀


==ܦܠܛ̈ܐ ܕܡܠܦܢܐ ܒܚܩܠܐ ܕܣܦܪܝܘܬܐ==
* ܐ ـ ܬܪܓܡܬܐ ܪ̈ܒܝܥܝܘܬܐ ܕ[[ܥܘܡܪ ܐܠܚܝܐܡ]] ܗܘ ܡܚܘܪܐ ܦܪܣܝܐ ܡܫܡܗܐ ܠܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ. 
* ܒ ـ ܟܬܒܬܐ ܡܢܝܢ̈ܐ ܡܢ ܡܠܘܐ̈ܐ ܐܝܟ ܛܘܦܣܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܛܒܝ̈ܥܬܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܡܕܢܚܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܓܘܢܚ̈ܐ. ܘܡܠܘܐܐ ܒܣܦܪ̈ܝܘܡܐ ܘܝܘܬܪܢܘܗܝ ܗܘ ܕܐܡܪ ܒܓܘܗܝ:

{{ܟܪܝܣܝܣ|ܟܠ ܡܐ ܕܝܕܥܝܢ ܟܕ ܣܦܪܝܘܡܐ ܗܘ ܗܘ ܠܫܢܐ ܡܠܠܐ ܕܟܠܗ ܥܡܐ ܐܘ ܐܘܡܬܐ ܘܥܡܐ ܡܬܝܕܝܥ ܒܣܦܪ̈ܝܘܡܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܘܕܠܐ ܣܦܪ̈ܝܘܡܐ ܐܘܡܬܐ ܒܕ ܦܝܫܐ ܪܦܝܬܐ ܘܕܠܐ ܕܟܪܐ ܘܡܘܬܠܩܬܐ ܠܐܝܩܪܗ ܐܘܡܬܢܝܐ ܘܠܟܠܗ ܡܝܬܪܘܬܐ ܥܠܡܝܬܐ ܣܦܪܝܬܐ ܘܐܦ ܬܫܥܝܬܢܝܬܐ ܘܣܦܪ̈ܝܘܡܐ ܠܐ ܢܗܘܘܢ ܡܢܬܝ̈ܢܐ ܘܢܨܝܚܐ ܐܢ ܠܐ ܬܥܕܪ ܒܝܕ ܩܪܝܢܗ ܘܟܠܗܘܢ ܒܢܝ̈ܐ ܕܐܘܡܬܐ.|25px|25px||}} ܡܠܘܐܐ ܬܚܘܬ ܫܡܐ ، ܡܐ ܫܐܠܝܢ ܘܡܐ ܫܐܠܝܢܢ ܚܢܢ ܘܢܨܝܚܘܬܐ ܘܒܗ ܐܡܪ: 

{{ܟܪܝܣܝܣ|ܫܦܝܪ ܒܪܝܫ̈ܢܢ ܘܦܩܘܕ̈ܢ ܕܢܚܦܛܘܢ ܡܛܠ ܡܪܥܫܬܐ ܐܘ ܡܩܝܡܬܐ ܕܐܘܡܬܢ ܘܢܥܕܪܘܢ ܠܒܢܝܬܐ ܕܡܕܪ̈ܫܝܬܐ ܘܫܬܐܣܬܐ ܕܡܛܒܥܝ̈ܬܐ ܘܣܦܪ̈ܝܘܡܐ. ܘܗܢܘܢ ܡܨܥ̈ܐ ܐܣܝ̈ܐ ܘܩܕ̈ܡܝܐ ܠܡܪܕܢܬܐ
(ܪܕܝܘܬܐ) ܗܘܢܐ ܕܙܥܘܪ̈ܐ ܘܓܒܪ̈ܐ ܡܛܠ ܕܒܗܠܝܢ ܒܕ ܪܝܡܐ ܘܡܢܬܝܐ ܐܘܡܬܢ. ܘܗܟܢܐ ܢܛܝܒܘܢ ܗܢܘܢ ܦܩܘܕ̈ܐ ܠܥܡܐ ܚܕ ܡܫܟܚ ܠܡܣܬܟܠ ܚܕ ܠܗܘ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܘܡܛܝܢܢ ܚܢܢ ܠܚܘܝܕܐ ܘܗܪ ܒܗܢܐ ܥܕܢܐ ܝܕܥܝܢ ܠܘܠܝܬܗܘܢ ܠܘܩܒܠ ܐܘܡܬܐ ܘܐܬܪܐ ܘܠܫܢܐ ܕܝܠܗܘܢ.|25px|25px||}}
<ref>http://www.huyodo.com/</ref>
<ref>http://www.zahrira.net/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1687</ref>

ܡܐܡܪ̈ܐ ܡܥܒܕ̈ܢܐ ܕܡܠܦܢܐ ܢܥܘܡ ܦܐܝܩ:
* ܐ ـ ܒܬܠܬ ܟܝ ܚܝܐ ܐܘܡܬܐ ؛ ܩܠܡܐ ܕܟܬܒܐ ، ܒܝܬ ܓܙܐ ܕܬܓܪܐ ، ܚܩܠܐ ܕܐܟܪܐ 
* ܒ ـ ܥܠܝܡܐ ܕܫܩܠ ܠܐܢܬܬܐ ܢܘܟܪܝܬܐ ܟܝ ܬܝܟ (ܡܢܚܣ) ܐܘܡܬܗ.
* ܓ ـ ܗܘ ܕܠܐ ܩܪܐ ܒܠܫܢܗ ܠܐ ܝܕܥ ܠܡܐ ܐܬܒܪܝ
* ܕ ـ ܝܨܦ ܒܬܠܬ ؛ ܒܝܬܟ ، ܐܘܡܬܟ ، ܐܬܪܟ
* ܗ ـ ܕܥܬܝܕܢ ܗܘ ܒܐܝܕ̈ܝܐ ܕܫܒܪ̈ܝܢ ܡܛܠ ܕܗܢܘܢ ܓܒܪ̈ܐ ܕܡܚܪ.
* ܘ ـ ܚܘܝܕܐ ܕܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܗܘ ܦܘܪܩܢܐ ܡܢ ܙܠܝܠܘܬܐ.

ܘܡܠܦܐܢܢ ܪܒܐ (ܢܥܘܡ ܦܐܝܩ) ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܬܠܬܝܢ ܘܐܪܒܥܐ ܟܬܒ̈ܝܢ ܡܦܘܠܓܐ ܒܝܢܬ ( ܠܟܣܝܩܘܢ ، ܬܪ̈ܓܡܐ ، ܡܡ̈ܠܠܐ ، ܡܚܪ̈ܐ ، ܡܟܪ̈ܙܝܬܐ ܘܫܪܟܐ܀

==ܡܒܘܥ̈ܐ==
{{ܩܠܒܐ:Reflist}}
* http://www.atour.com/~people/20010702g.html
* A Brief Study in the Palak Nationalism", by Dr. David Barsoum Perley LL.B"

[[ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܘܓܢܣܛܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ]]
ܢܥܘܡ ܐܠܝܣ ܝܥܩܘܒ ܒܐܠܟ ܝܕܝܥܐ ܐܝܟ ܢܥܘܡ ܦܐܝܩ  (ܫܒܛ 1868 - 5 ܫܒܛ 1930) ܗܘܐ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܐܒ̈ܗܬܐ ܕܫܬܐܣܬܐ ܕܐܘܡܬܢܝܘܬܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܬܐ ܒܕܪܐ ܕܥܣܪܝܢ. ܡܘܠܕ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܬܐ ܕܐܡܝܕ ܒܬܝܡܢܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ. ܐܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܠܗ ܚܠܡܐ ܕܚܘܝܕܐ ܕܥܡܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ ܠܐ ܦܪ̈ܝܫܝܢ ܒܝܬ ܫܡܗ̈ܐ ܡܫܚ̈ܠܦܐ. ܩܪܐ ܘܝܠܦ ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ ܐܝܟ ܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܦܪܢܫܝܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܦܪܣܝܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܥܪܒܝܐ܀In memory of Malfouno Naoum Fayiq, the master of the national unity, by Aprim Shapera

ܕܪܫܬܗ
ܒܫܢ̈ܝ 1881 – 1889 ܐܣܬܦܝ ܒܝܘܠܦܢܐ ܘܝܠܦ ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܘܥܪܒܝܐ ܘܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܘܦܪܢܣܝܐ ܘܐܦ ܩܪܝܐ ܒܝܘܠܦܢ̈ܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ ܐܝܟ ܡܢܝܘܬܐ ܘܝܘܠܦܢ ܟܝܢܝܘܬܐ.
ܒܫܢܬ 1908 ܫܘܬܐܣܠܗ ܗܢܐ ܛܢܢܐ ܟܢܘܫܬܐ ܓܘ ܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܬܚܘܬ ܫܡܐ (ܥܝܪܘܬܐ) ܘܒܬܪ ܗܕܐ ܦܪܣ ܥܠ ܣܦܪܝܘܡܐ (ܟܘܟܒܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ).
ܒܝܘܡ 22 ܒܐܝܠܘܠ 1912 ܚܙܩ ܢܥܘܡ ܦܐܝܩ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܒܝܪܘܬ. ܘܡܢ ܒܬܪܟܝܢ ܠܐܘܚܕ̈ܢܐ ܡܚܝܕ̈ܐ ܒܝܘܡ 5 ܟܢܘܢ ܩܕܡܝܐ 1915 ܘܒܫܘܪܝܐ 1916 ܦܪܣ ܣܦܪܝܘܡܐ ܒܫܡܐ ܕ(ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ) ܒܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܘܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܘܗܢܐ ܣܦܪܝܘܡܐ ܦܫ ܒܢܦܩܐ ܡܬܚܐ ܕܬܠܬܥܣܪ̈ܐ ܫܢ̈ܝܢ. ܘܒܫܢܬ 1921 ܫܩܠ ܪܝܫܢܘܬܐ ܕܣܝܘܡܘܬܐ ܕܣܦܪܝܘܡܐ ܕ(ܚܘܝܕܐ) ܗܝ ܕܐܬܦܪܣܬ ܒܝܕ ܟܢܘܫܬܐ ܐܬܪܝܬܐ ܟܠܕܝܬܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܬܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܢܝܫ̈ܐ ܐܘܡܬܢܝ̈ܐ ܘܐܬܪ̈ܝܐ܀

ܦܠܛ̈ܐ ܕܡܠܦܢܐ ܒܚܩܠܐ ܕܣܦܪܝܘܬܐ
 ܐ ـ ܬܪܓܡܬܐ ܪ̈ܒܝܥܝܘܬܐ ܕܥܘܡܪ ܐܠܚܝܐܡ ܗܘ ܡܚܘܪܐ ܦܪܣܝܐ ܡܫܡܗܐ ܠܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ. 
 ܒ ـ ܟܬܒܬܐ ܡܢܝܢ̈ܐ ܡܢ ܡܠܘܐ̈ܐ ܐܝܟ ܛܘܦܣܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܛܒܝ̈ܥܬܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܡܕܢܚܐ ܘܐܝܟ ܓܘܢܚ̈ܐ. ܘܡܠܘܐܐ ܒܣܦܪ̈ܝܘܡܐ ܘܝܘܬܪܢܘܗܝ ܗܘ ܕܐܡܪ ܒܓܘܗܝ:

 ܡܠܘܐܐ ܬܚܘܬ ܫܡܐ ، ܡܐ ܫܐܠܝܢ ܘܡܐ ܫܐܠܝܢܢ ܚܢܢ ܘܢܨܝܚܘܬܐ ܘܒܗ ܐܡܪ: 

http://www.huyodo.com/
http://www.zahrira.net/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1687

ܡܐܡܪ̈ܐ ܡܥܒܕ̈ܢܐ ܕܡܠܦܢܐ ܢܥܘܡ ܦܐܝܩ:
 ܐ ـ ܒܬܠܬ ܟܝ ܚܝܐ ܐܘܡܬܐ ؛ ܩܠܡܐ ܕܟܬܒܐ ، ܒܝܬ ܓܙܐ ܕܬܓܪܐ ، ܚܩܠܐ ܕܐܟܪܐ 
 ܒ ـ ܥܠܝܡܐ ܕܫܩܠ ܠܐܢܬܬܐ ܢܘܟܪܝܬܐ ܟܝ ܬܝܟ (ܡܢܚܣ) ܐܘܡܬܗ.
 ܓ ـ ܗܘ ܕܠܐ ܩܪܐ ܒܠܫܢܗ ܠܐ ܝܕܥ ܠܡܐ ܐܬܒܪܝ
 ܕ ـ ܝܨܦ ܒܬܠܬ ؛ ܒܝܬܟ ، ܐܘܡܬܟ ، ܐܬܪܟ
 ܗ ـ ܕܥܬܝܕܢ ܗܘ ܒܐܝܕ̈ܝܐ ܕܫܒܪ̈ܝܢ ܡܛܠ ܕܗܢܘܢ ܓܒܪ̈ܐ ܕܡܚܪ.
 ܘ ـ ܚܘܝܕܐ ܕܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ ܗܘ ܦܘܪܩܢܐ ܡܢ ܙܠܝܠܘܬܐ.

ܘܡܠܦܐܢܢ ܪܒܐ (ܢܥܘܡ ܦܐܝܩ) ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܬܠܬܝܢ ܘܐܪܒܥܐ ܟܬܒ̈ܝܢ ܡܦܘܠܓܐ ܒܝܢܬ ( ܠܟܣܝܩܘܢ ، ܬܪ̈ܓܡܐ ، ܡܡ̈ܠܠܐ ، ܡܚܪ̈ܐ ، ܡܟܪ̈ܙܝܬܐ ܘܫܪܟܐ܀

ܡܒܘܥ̈ܐ

 http://www.atour.com/~people/20010702g.html
 A Brief Study in the Palak Nationalism", by Dr. David Barsoum Perley LL.B"

ܣܕܪܐ:ܐܘܓܢܣܛܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ