Greece
== Greece（希臘） ==
[[Faylo:Flag of Greece.svg|thumb|Flag of Greece|alt=Flag of Greece]]
[[Faylo:EU-Greece.svg|thumb|Location of  Greece  (dark green)– in Europe  (green & dark grey)– in the European Union  (green)  –  [Legend]]]

== Kirisiya-kapolongan kitakit(希臘共和國; Kirisiya a sowal:''Ελληνική Δημοκρατία'';通稱希臘:''Ελλάδα''). ==
O itiraay i [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7 katimol no sakawalian no Yoropa], [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%B7%A8%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8 mihawangay to karopaw a kitakit],nawhani, o pinapina akanatal no Aycin-riyar ono Aciya. I kacacapa’an no Yoropa, Aciya ato Afrika ko kaitiraan no Kirisiya, tadakakalimelan ko kaitiraan, isakatimolan no [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B Paerkan Pecihan-kanatal] (巴爾幹半島Ikiris a sowal:''Balkans'') , isaka’amis no saka’etipan malafiyaw ato [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A Aerpaniya], isaka’amisan malafiyaw ato [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93 Maciton] ato [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A Pawciyaliya], isaka’amis no sakawalian malafiyaw ato [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6 Torki.] 

Siwaay ko kasa’eta’etal no Kirisiya: 

Maciton, Sifo’an-Kirisiya,Polopennisa, Sesali, Ypilos, Aycin-riyaran patatekoan-kanatanatal( mahaop ko 12 a kanatanatal ato Cikolaces), Seroys, Kolito ato Yiawniya-kanatanatal. Isakawaliay no kitakit ko Aycin-riyar,isaka’etipay ko Ayawniya-riyar, o Kolito-riyar ato Sifo’ay-riyar isakatimolay. O kakaya’ no lilis no riyar no Kirisiya ira ko 13,676 km, itini i masadangahay a Sifo’ay-riyar o sakakaay ko ka to’edaw no lilis no riyar i [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0 masadangahay Sifo'ay-riyar]. Patahtahay to kanatanatal ko Kirisiya, olaloma’ noninian kanatal ira ko 227 a kanatal iraay ko tamdaw a maro’. O polong no kitakit mahaop ko 80% o tokos, [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1 Awlipos-tokos] ko pocok, nani tongroh no riyar ira ko 2,918 laya’.

O tadamato’asay ko rikisi a kitakit ko Kirisiya itini i hekal, nani ‘ayawan ni Yiso to 2700 miheca iraay to ko taamdaw a maro’ itini. O kaitiraan ato kapatahtah palalafang, o cananoyan no sa’etipay-ponka hananay a pangangan, o kalengawan no [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%B8%E5%BC%8F%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB finawlan-faco no sieci], [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6 sa’etipay-haratengan], [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A Awlinpiko-ontokay], sa’etipay-nipitilidan, rikis,sieci,sakakaay-nikafana’ ato nipisa’osi, [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6 sa’etipay-sifay]([https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%96%9C%E5%8A%87 kakahemekan] ato [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%96%9C%E5%8A%87 kakeseman]).<ref>Carol Strickland. The Illustrated Timeline of Western Literature: A Crash Course in Words & Pictures. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. 2007: 2 [2016-10-10]. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4027-4860-8</nowiki>. （原始內容存檔於2016-12-07）. <q>Although the first writing originates in the cradle of civilization along Middle Eastern rivers — the Tigris, Euphrates, and Nile — the true cradle of Western literature is Athens. As the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley says, "We are all Greeks."</q></ref> i’ayaw ni Yiso to saka 4 sici mapalacecay ni [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%85%93%E5%8A%9B%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF) Fili-sakatosa]('''腓力二世;'''Kirisiya a sowal:''Φίλιππος Β' ο Μακεδών'') <ref>《Alexander the Great in His World》 Carol G. Thomas著..</ref> <ref>《Perseus》 Daniel Ogden著; 《A History of Greece to 322 B.C.》， N. G. L. Hammond著.<nowiki>ISBN 0-19-873095-0</nowiki>,page 56,1986。.</ref> no Maciton ko Kirisiya, o wawa ningra ci [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D Alisanta Tata’angay-honti](馬其頓的亞歷山大三世;Katelangay sowal no kirisiya:''Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' ὁ Μακεδών'') cowa ka pahoda a micowat to kakahaday sera no to’asan hekal, mapatenak nani saka’etipan no Sifo’ay-riyar ko ponka ato sakakaay-fana’ patayra i taliyokan no Indo-‘alo. I’ayaw no saka 2 sici macowat no Roma ko Kirisiya, mala [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B Roma-hontian-kitakit] ato mirocokay a [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B Paycantin hotian-kitakit] ko i kakocay a heci no kitakit, ona Paycantin hotian-kitakit o masiwaray no ponka ato nipitilidan no Kirisiya. I sakacecay sici mapatireng ko Kirisiya So’elina-kyokay, masaloma’ ko aniniay a ponka no Kirisiya, mapatenak heca ko tato’asan pinangan no Kirisiya tayra i [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83 So’elinay-Kyokay](正統教會; Kirisiya a sowal:Ορθόδοξη Εκκλησία; Romaan tilid:''Orthódoxi Ekklisía''; Rosiya a sowal:''Православная Церковь'', Romaan tilid:''Pravoslavnaja Cerkovʹ'') a hekal.<ref>Greece during the Byzantine period (c. AD 300–c. 1453), Population and languages, Emerging Greek identity. Encyclopædia Britannica. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2008. Online Edition.</ref> 

Isasifo’an no saka 15 sici, ma’afas no Wotoman hontian-kitakit ko Kirisiya. Isaka 19sici tahira isaka 20 sici mapalaheci ko sapisiikedaw-lalood, 1830 miheca mihayi to polong a kasakitakit to o fainacadan-kitakit ko Kirisiya saan. 

Ira ko 18 a rocokan no hekalay-kitakit, ilaloma’ nonini ira ko 16 rocokan no ponka, 2 ko matata’edipay rocokan ko ponka ato palapalan, ika’ayaway rayray itini i Yoropa ato kasakitakit koninian sa’osi no rocokan.<ref>Greece Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List (17). Unesco. Unesco. [2016-10-10]. （原始內容存檔於2017-03-24）.</ref>

O Finawlan-sieci a faco a kitakit, macemahay-kitakit ato takaraway ko pilipayso a kitakit, cemahaday-kitakit, Sa’osi no Kacemahadan no Tamdaw(''Human Development Index'') takaraway ko heci no ‘orip. O mioatirengay to Linheko a kitakit, o sakamo’etep a kapot no Masakapotay-Yoropa(’ayaway no Yoropa-Lekatep),nani 2001 miheca o kapot no Yoropa-payso a etal. Adihay ho ko pikapotan, tinako han o Yoropa-Licikay, Saka’amisay Tasiyang-Riyaran a Kakaketonan Lekatep(''North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO''), Mapapadangay to Saka’orip ato Kacemahadan-kapot, Hekalay-malali’acaay Lekatep(''World Trade Organization, WTO''), Sakarihaday ato Sakapapadang a Lekatep no Yoropa(''Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe，OSCE''), ato Somowalay-Fransu a Hekalay-Saopo. O misiieday a ponka, mihamhamay-tayal, micolo’ay ato sofitayan-kamaro’an no Kirisiya ko sakacakat malasifo’ay Ci’icelay-kitakit.<ref>Aronsson, Albin. The Geostrategic Value of Greece and Sweden in the Current Struggle between Russia and NATO. [2016-10-10]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-17）.</ref><ref><nowiki>http://europesworld.org/2013/06/01/greece-can-still-be-a-geopolitical-asset-for-the-eu/#.V-ljaCQbP9s</nowiki> 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2017-01-11.</ref><ref>Geopolitical Consequences Of 'Grexit' Would Be Huge, Country Risk-Defence and Security-Financial Markets. 2015-07-01 [2016-10-10]. （原始內容存檔於2017-10-10）.</ref>

== '''Rikisi'''(歷史) ==
[[Faylo:Parthenon from west.jpg|縮圖|Potonen-pita'aongan]]

=== I'ayaway no kacirikisian(史前史) ===
Do’edoen ko to’asan ho a nitilidan, latek i’ayaw no 20 ’ofa a mihecaan isasifo’an no katelangay-fokelohan miheca iraay to ko masaniyaro’ay tamdaw a maro’ itini. Latek i’ayaw no no 3200 miheca, i fodawan-miheca mapalengaw to ko samatelangay a ponka no Yoropa, onini i, o [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%BA%E6%96%AF%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E Maynos-payrayrang](邁諾斯文明;''Minoan civilization,'' itiraay i [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9 Koriko-kanatal]), [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%BD%E6%96%AF%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E Cikolaces-payrayrang](基克拉澤斯文明,itiraay i Cikolaces-kanatanatalan) ato Helas-payrayranga(赫拉斯文明,Ikieis a sowal:''Helladic,'' Kirisiya a sowal:''Ελλαδικός;'' itiraay i Kirisiya-karopaw). Latek i’ayaw ni Yisoan to 1600 miheca maceror no [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%BF%88%E9%94%A1%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E Maysini-payrayrang] (邁錫尼文明; Ikiris a sowal:''Mycenaean Greece;''Fransu a sowal: ''Civilisation mycénne)'', o polong no nini o [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E7%88%B1%E7%90%B4%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E Acin-payrayrang]( 愛琴文明'';The Orehistoric Archaeology of Aegean)'' hananay konini ponka.maceror no [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%89%E4%BA%BA%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5 Tolian-tamdaw] (多利安人入侵;Ikiris a aowal:''Dorian invasion'') ko Maysini-payrayrang, ikor to nonini marimamoh ko Kirisiya to [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E9%BB%91%E6%9A%97%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3 To’emanay-mihecahecan]<ref>'''希臘黑暗時代'''（英語：'''Greek Dark Ages'''），又稱'''荷馬時代'''（根據荷馬史詩）、'''幾何時代'''（根據當時的幾何藝術），是指希臘歷史中從公元前11世紀邁錫尼文明覆滅到公元前9世紀第一個城邦的建立的歷史時期，也是荷馬史詩的年代。</ref>, tahira i’ayaw ni Yisoan to saka 9 sici yo mapatireng ko Kirisiya-niyaro’an kitakit, ira masadak ko matiyaay o [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%8D%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%B2%E8%AF%97 Homa Rikisian-’olic] a Kirisiya tilid a ponka-nitilidan, onini i, o katelangay-faco a mihecahecaan hananay, tona mihecahecaan patireng i lilis no Sifo’an-riyar ato Kohetingay-riyar to niyahan a nocowatan-sera, patokeled sa i’ayaw ni Yisoan to 776 miheca midemak to sarakatay a [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A Awlinpiko-ontokay](奧林匹克運動會;Kirisiya a sowal:''Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες''; Fransu a sowal:J''eux olympiques''; Ikiris a sowal:''Olympic Games''). I’ayaw ni Yisoan to saka 5 sici, makafili a mitaker to pi’eco no [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF Posi hontian-kitakit] ko sofitay no Niyaroan-kitakit no Kirisiya, tona mihecahecaan macakat tahapocok ko sakakaay-fana’ ato ponka no Kirisiya, o [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3 To’asan-mihecahecaan](古典時代; Ikiris a sowal:''classical antiquity'') hananay konini. O Kirisiya, Maciton ato Seroys-etal a payrayrang polong han o Hayloniko(''Ελληνιστική'') hananay a pangangan, o lalengawan no "Kiris»ya" a ngangan konini.
[[Faylo:Βρυζάκης, Θεόδωρος - Ο Παλαιών Πατρών Γερμανός ευλογεί τη σημαία της Επανάστασης, 1865.jpg|縮圖|Pisiiked-Lalood no Kirisiya 1828]]

=== Maha'emin ma'eco no Roma hontian-kitaki tahira i pisiikedan(被羅馬共和國征服到獨立) ===
Talacowa madocepay a malowid no [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD Roma Kapolongan-kitakit]( 羅馬共和國; Latin a sowal:''Res publica Romana'') ko Kirisiya i 'ayaw ni Yisoan to 168 miheca, nikawrira mafelih a marecep no ponka ko ‘orip no Roma-tamdaw. Talacowa o cecaay a kowan no Roma Hontian-kitakit ko Kirisiya, nikawrira pararid a misiwar ko ponka no Kirisiya to sakawalian Sifo’an-riyar, tahira to mapecih makilatosa ko Roma Hontian-kitakit. O sasifo’an kahiceraan no Sawalian-Roma hontian kitakit(Paycantin hontian-kitakit) a [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1 Cinstantinpaw]('''君士坦丁堡'''; Kirisiya a sowal:''Κωνσταντινούπολις'', Romaan tilid:''Κωνσταντινούπολη;'' Latin a sowal:''Constantinopolis''), tahakokoc malakirisiyaay ko wayway. Sawalian-Rom a hontian kitakit mataker ko nani sawalianay to saka’etipanay to a pilood to pinapina a sici, tahira to i 1453 miheca matekop ko Cinstantinpaw, noyanan to nornor sato ko Awtoman hontian-kitakit a ’eco to polong a Kirisiya.

O pikowan no Awtoman hontian-kitakit pararid tahira i 1821 miheca to milekalan no Kirisiya a misiiked. 1828 miheca malaheci to ko [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89 Pisiikedaw-Lalood no Kirisiya],ptireng to [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8 Hontian-faco no sieci] ko Kirisiya. 

=== Patireng to Kapolongan-kitakit(建立共和國) ===
1922-1927 mihecaan, nanoHontian-faco no sieci mafalic mala no kapolongan-kitakit ko Kirisiya, caka halafing o sofitay ko mitekeday-mikowan, to ikor palolol haeca malakapolongan-kitakit; Kinatolo a misanga’ to kinpo i toloay mihecaan, to ikor tono nini ira ko sepat a miheca to temenekay a mihecaan, nikawrira, marawraw no kaawaan no saka’oirip, ma’emed ko payso to tolo no kalisepay, awaawa ko sap’songila' a tayal no sifo. Tahira to i 1936 miheca tekep sato ko sifo o mitekeday-mikowan ko miceroray, mipalasawad to Kitakit-Kalomaocan, palasawad to kinpo, mipa’eker to mitokeray-sieci kasafelaw ato milalang to saopo, laheci sato a ma’afas ko paifaloco’an a sieci, matongal ko pipenec no sofitay a mikowan, sacicicing sa ko misaopoan a pakamaro’ a mipespes, mipatireng heca to matyaay o Fasise-saopo no kapah no kitakit, nisafaloco’an a misanga’ ko sapipLtata’ang to Tapang no kitakit.<ref>Ian Kershew著、林華譯. 地獄之行:1914-1949. 中信出版集團. 2018年12月: 202、282. <nowiki>ISBN 978-7-5086-8300-3</nowiki>.</ref> i edef no saka 19sici ato satapangan no saka 20 sici, pararid a micowat to sera no tao, masolot ko somowalay to sowal no Kirisiya a tamdaw no Awtoman hontian-kitakit malatamdaw no Kirisiya, tahira to i 1947 miheca ta malaheci masafaco to aniniay a Kirisiya a kitakit.

=== I Sakatos-lalood(第二次世界大戰期間) ===
[[Faylo:GreTurCyp.svg|縮圖|266x266像素|Rawraw no  Sayporoso(mala'afas ko Kirisiya ato Torki)]]
[https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98 I Sakatos-lalood], mi’eco ko sofitay no Itali nani niyahan [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%84%8F%E5%8D%A0%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F Aerpaniya] to Kirisiya, mapacekil ko [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%B8%8C%E6%84%8F%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD lalood no Itali ato Kirisiya] (希義戰爭;Kirisiya a sowal:''Ελληνοϊταλικός Πόλεμος''或''Πόλεμος του Σαράντα; Italiya a sowal:Guerra di Grecia)'',malowid no Kirisiya ko Itali, ikor mikihar ko Nacoy-Toic to Paerkan-pecihan kanatal, malacafay ato Itali, Pawciyaliya milood to Kirisiya, [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%BB%B8%E5%BF%83%E5%9C%8B%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F ma’eco a maaro’ no Tokodan-Kitakit](軸心國;Ikiris a sowal:''Axis power''; Toic a sowal:''Die Achsenmächte'') ko Kirisiya. I 1944 miheca pasitira i Nisakapotay-Kitakit (同盟國; Ikiris a sowal:''Allies of World War II''; Rosiya a sowal:''Антигитлеровская коалиция''), miliyas ko sofitay no Toic nani Kirisiya,mapalolol ko Kirisiya a kitakit. Ikor no Sakatosa-lalood ira ho ko kinacecay a laloma’an-lalood ko Kirisiya.

=== Mihayi to Yoropa-payso(接受歐元) ===
1949 miheca malepon to kona laloma’an-lalood, mikapot ko Kirisiya i Saka’amisay Tasiyang-Riyaran a Kakaketonan-Lekatep(北大西洋公約組織; ''North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO'').1967 miheca saka 4 folad saka 21 romi’ad mifelih to sifo ko sofitay, mato’or sa mipalasawad to honti. I 1974 miheca matekop kona nikowanan no sofitay a sifo to nika [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C Rawraw no Sayporoso](賽普勒斯問題; Kirisiya a sowal:''Κυπριακό (ζήτημα; Torki a sowal:Kıbrıs Sorunu)'',tona mihecaan midemak to kapolongan-pitopa milaheci palasawad to Sawara’an-faco no sieci, patireng to Kapolongan-kitakit. 1977 miheca a pisinkiw matongal ko ‘icel no misakawiliay ko harateng a kasafelaw, nikawrira malemed cowa ka sasifod ko sieci, sanoyanan sato a temonek ko sieci no Kirisiya. 1981 miheca makapot to Kapolongan-Yoropa(歐洲共同體; Ikiris a sowal:''European Community''), i 2001 miheca mihayi to Yoropa-payso malapayso no niyah o Kirisiya.<ref>劉增泉. 第十章第七節〈民主政治的新起點〉. 《希臘史—歐洲文明的起源》. 2003: 165-168頁.</ref> 2009 miheca, nika [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%9C%8B%E5%82%B5%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F kakatalawan ko kacikiyam no kitakit] ko pasitira no kasakitakit.<ref>George Matlock. Peripheral euro zone government bond spreads widen. Reuters. 16 February 2010 [28 April 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-14）.</ref><ref>Acropolis now. The Economist. 29 April 2010 [22 June 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2017-10-20）.</ref>

== '''Sieci(政治)''' ==
[[Faylo:Hellenic Parliament from high above.jpg|縮圖|Kalomaocan no kitakit]]
Oya mipatalahekalan a kinpo i 1975 miheca mahaopay ko sapi’ading to [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%B0%91%E6%9D%83 salongoc no kalotandaw], ira heca matilid ko cecay a sasinkiwen a congtong malatapang no kitakit. O [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86 congli] ato [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3 kakeirdan no sifo] ko matayalay,o kacingangan aca a congtong ira ko mamang a tayal no sifo. O katayalan no congtong ato congli sepat miheca, o kalomaocan ko misinkiway, manga’ay a pararid to kinacecay riyad.

O cecayay ko [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A kalomaocan] ko pikaykian no kitakit, o kiing no pikaykian tahira i sepat ko mihecaan ko tolas no katayalan, nikawrira, pali’ayaway ko sinkiw ano roma. O tadamasasifoday faco ko pisinkiw to mamalakiing to tatinakoan a niocoran,itini tona matinay a faco no sinkiw awaay ko ‘icel no mamangay a kasafelaw a misiwar to sieci, ano tata’angay a kasafelaw to ano cowa ka ira ko kalitosa no kiing, ira ko ’icel a misiwar to demak no kalomaocan. O kahacecacecay a kasafelaw no sieci sa awaay pakaala to 3% no 300 a kiing ta cikilac to kiing.

O Kirisiya cowa ka lecad ato fiyaw a Pawciyaliya ato Aerpaniya, dengan o Kirisiya ko cowa ka pidemak to [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89 siyakaysyuki] a kitakit i kalepongan no Li’etecay-lalood itini i katimol no sakawalian no Yoropa.

== '''Kaitiraan'''(地理) ==
[[Faylo:Olympus National Park 30.jpg|縮圖|Awlinpis-lotok]]
O sakakaay a sera o itiraay i sakatimolan no [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B Paerkan-pecihan kanatal](Ikiris a sowal: ''Balkans'')a [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E4%BC%AF%E7%BD%97%E5%A5%94%E5%B0%BC%E6%92%92 Polopenisa-pecihan-kanatal], mahaop ko [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9 Korito-kanatal], [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%97%E5%B2%9B Loto-kanatal] ato [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E7%88%B1%E7%90%B4%E6%B5%B7 Aycin-riyar] kanatanatal. O to’edaw no lilis no riyar ira ko 14,880 km,ono sera a kalalaedan ira ko 1,160 km. Mahaop ko 80% o tokotokosan ko Kirisiya, sahetoay o ma’icangay ko sera: dengan 28% a sera ka matatodongay maomahen. I saka’etipan ira ko henot ato fanaw. I sasifoan a lotok nani tongroh no riyar ira ko 2,650 laya’ ko takaraww. O kakafahekan a [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1 Awlinpis-lotok] o ’apocok no Kirisiya, nani tongroh no riyar ira ko 2,917 laya’.

== Kakarayan(氣候) ==
O kakarayan no Kirisiya ono [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E5%BC%8F%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99 Sifo’an-kakarayan]. O kasasiromaan no matiniay a kakarayan i, o makedalay i kaciferangan kala’oraday i kasi’enawan, orasaka dengan kasi’enawan ira ko ‘orad, roma i cowa ka ’orad. Patahtahay to cidal itini, icowacowa to ira ko 2000 toki ko lalen no cecay a romi’ad.

O sasafaay ko kafa’edetan itiraay i saka 1 ato saka 2 folad, o sakakaay ko kafa’edet itiraay i saka 7 ato saka 8 folad, i saka 1 folad a lalen kafa’edet 13°C i saka7 ato saka 8 folad a lalen kafa’edet 33°C. I tokotokosan mangalef i misatokayay a [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%B8 Yatin] ciso’eday ano roma a kakarayan.

== '''Saka’orip'''(經濟) ==
[[Faylo:Olive oil from Oneglia.jpg|縮圖|simal no olif]]
O saka’orip a tayal no Kirisiya patatekoan ko mali’acaay demak ato no sifoan a demak to saka’orip(onini i makalitosaay ko ''GDP'' no Kirisiya), o mihamhamay to lafang a tayal ko sakakaay mahaop ko adihayay a ''GDP'' ato kaci’etan to payso no roma a kitakit(latek 15%). O milayapay to padafo’an mikomi no [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F Yoropa-Lekatep], o nipadafo’an no Yoropa-Lekatep mahaop ko 3.3% no ''GDP,'' orasaka hato matemenekay to ko saka’orip no Kirisiya tona pinapina a mihecaan.

O kacalohan a lalahecien a tayal o pikeror to awaay ko tayal a tamdaw, miliyaw a misongila’ to faco no saka’orip, ona tayal mahaop ko sapipafeli to kalotamdaw to katayalan no kitakit mala no [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E7%A7%81%E6%9C%89%E5%8C%96 kalotamdawan katayalan]( 私有化; Ikiris a sowal:''Privatisation;'' Amilika a sowal:''Privatization''）, misongila’ heca to [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C sapipa’ading to ’orip no tamdaw](社會保障:Ikiris a sowal:''social security'') , misalof heca to pilisata no sifo ato mipalahedaw to patelacay a tayal no sifo.

I 2002 miheca saka 1 folad saka 1 romi’ad malacecay ato Yoropa-payso a kitakit miraoy to Yoropa-payso malopayso no kaloromi’ad palasawaden ko payso no Kirisiya.

I 2020 miheca saka 2 folad o kiyam no Kirisiya sifo ira ko 3000 ok a Yoropa-payso, karihanawan to caka pakapatikol a mapinko ko kitakit, matalaw ko roma a kitakit no Yoropa makihar kono niyah a kitakit, anana to matekop ko Yoropa-payso etal i 2011 miheca.<ref>希臘應借鑑愛爾蘭 實事求是由奢入儉 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2011-11-06.</ref> 2014 miheca lacemcem ko Yoropa a kitakit to sapiliyasaw no Kirisiya to Yoropa-payso etal , macekil ko katekes no pacaliwan-payso no Kirisiya, matefad to ko kupiyaw mamafetas to ko kacikiyam no Yoropa.<ref>希腊股市暴跌6.25% 欧债危机忧虑重燃. [2014-11-02]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-07）.</ref>

O maomahay a tamdaw no Kirisiya cecay no kalitolo. O sakakaay a losay o [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%B2%B9%E6%A9%84%E6%AC%96 olif,] parok ato tamako. O [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%A9%84%E6%AC%96%E6%B2%B9 simal no olif] cowa ko palaheker aca to tamdaw no Kirisiya,adihay ho konipasadakan a paliwal. Ira ho moki,’arilay,kodasing, tamato,fadisoso, mami’ ato limon. Mahaop ko 30% no polong a sera no Kirisiya o omah, nikawrira, ‘akawang kona pala, orasaka cowa ka patahtah to kaka’enen no nipa’oripan, dengan to o siri ko nipaka’enan.

== '''Tamdaw'''(人口) ==
I 2011 miheca a sa’osi ira ko 10,816,286 ko polong a tamdaw. Sahetoay o Kirisiya a tamdaw(98%) mitooray to Kawaliay-Mo’ecelay pitooran. Mapa’adingay no kitakit ko

Kawaliay-Mo’ecelay pitooran, ira heca ko niyah-pikowan salongoc,nikawrira, mapasifana’ no mato’asay no misakeristoay i [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1 Cinstantingpaw](君士坦丁堡;Kirisiya a sowal:''Κωνσταντινούπολις''; Romaan a tilid:''Κωνσταντινούπολη'': Latin a sowal:''Constantinopolis''). O roma a pitooran ira ko [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99 Islam-pitooran], o nihayian no sifo konini a pitooran.

== Pitooran(宗教) ==
[[Faylo:Christ Pantocrator mosaic from Hagia Sophia 2744 x 2900 pixels 3.1 MB.jpg|縮圖|Mo'ecelay-Kyokay]]
Mihayi ko “[https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95 Kinpo no Kirisiya]” to o mihayian no ‘alomanay ko [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83 Kawaliay-Mo’ecelay pitooran]sanay, talacowa mahaen to ko sowal, malecaday ko pipa’ading to polong a apitooran. Ano misa’osi to tamdaw ko sifo no Kirisiya cowa ka pipahapingang to pitooran no tamdaw. Do’edo’en ko [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2 Sakakaay-sakowan no Amilika]('''美國國務院''';Ikiris a sowal:''United States Department of State'') a pisa’osi ira ko 97% a tamdaw no Kirisiya o Kawaliay-Mo’ecelay pitooran kako sanay, ono [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83 Kirisiya a Mo’ecelay-Kyokay](希臘正教會; Kirisiya a sowal:''Ελληνορθόδοξη Εκκλησία; Ikiris a sowal:Greek Orthodox Church)''. I 2005 miheca a pisa’osi no Yoropa-pisa’osian, mahaop ko 81% tamdaw no nilicayan a paca’ofay ” pakaso’elinay to kaira no Pa’oripay kawas” saan, mido’edoay to [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96 Marta](馬爾他共和國:Marta a sowal:''Repubblika ta' Malta''; Ikiris a sowal:''Republic of Malta'') ato [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF Sayporoso](賽普勒斯共和國;Kirisiya a sowal:''Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία'';Torki a sowal:''Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti'') ko ka’aloman no paka so’elinay to kawas a tamdaw itini i [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F Yoropa-Lekatep]. Do’edoen ho koroma a sa’osi, ira ko 15.8% a tamdaw no Kirisiya o “ci’icelay ko pakaso’elin ako” sanay, o sakakaay kona sa’osi itini i Yoropa a kasakitakit,tona sa’osi ira ko 3.5% cowa ka tayra i kyokay sanay.

Mahapinang ko mitooray to Islam a Muslin a mamangay finacadan,itiraay i Soroys a maro’ cangra, latek ira ko safar no mo’etep ’ofad tamdaw no Kirisiya ira ko 20-30 ’ofad ko Muslin a maforaway. 

== '''Sowal(語言)''' ==
Ono sifoan a sowal ono Kirisiya a sowal. Nikawrira matanekay ko roma kitakit a sowal a Ikiris sowal. Roma sato i, o tiraay i Yiatin tokay a tamdaw sahetoay a Fransu ko hasowal to daday romi’ad, ora sa tiraay i Ayawniya-kanatal ato Yipiros a tamdaw ono Italiya a sowal ko kalosowal to romi’ami’ad.
[[Faylo:Fresco of a Mycenaean woman, circa 1300 BC.jpg|縮圖|Maysini fafahiyan, o to'asan Kirisiya-finacadan]]

== '''Maysini fafahiyan, o to'asan Kirisiya-finacadan no Kirisiya'''(希臘文化) ==
Nani pinapinaay patak a mihecahecan ko nikafalic no Ponka no Kirisiya, nani [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%BF%88%E9%94%A1%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E Maysini-ponka]( 邁錫尼文明;Ikiris a sowal:''Mycenaean Greece;Fransu a sowal:'' ''Civilisation mycénne)'' i nikalata’angan a T[https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F o’asan a Kirisiya-ponka mihecaan], ikor to marecep no [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B Roma hontian-kitakit] ato [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B Paycantin hontian-kitakit]( 東羅馬帝國;''Imperium Romanum'')<ref>西歐學界普遍稱之為'''拜占庭帝國'''。然而其國祚一千餘年期間仍自封為'''羅馬帝國'''（拉丁語：Imperium Romanum；希臘語：Βασιλεία Ρωμαίων；中古希臘語：Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων <small>轉寫：Basileía Rhōmaíōn</small>）正統繼承國、公民皆自認為羅馬人（中古希臘語：Ῥωμαῖοι <small>轉寫：Rhōmaîoi</small>），而非「拜占庭人」或「希臘人」。</ref>  ato roma a ponka ato kitakit, tinako han o Latin-ponka, Faranko hontian-kitakit, [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD Awtoman-Torki hontian-kitakit], [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD Winis kapolongan]-kitakit, [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E7%83%AD%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD Reniya kapolongan-kitakit], ato Tata’angay-Ikiris hontian-kitakit, sahetoay misiwaray to aniniay a Kirisiya. O ‘alomanay a citanengay to rikis a tamdaw, oya [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89 Pisiikedan-Lalood no Kirisiya] <ref>'''希臘獨立戰爭'''（希臘語：Ελληνική Επανάσταση，<small>羅馬化：</small>''Elliniki Epanastasi''；鄂圖曼土耳其語：يونان عصياني‎，<small>羅馬化：</small>''Yunan İsyanı''），或可之稱為'''希臘革命'''、'''希臘起義'''，是由希臘革命者於1821年至1832年間發起的成功反抗鄂圖曼帝國的獨立戰爭</ref>o tatapangan to pilolol to ponka no Kirisiya, orasaka mapalacecay ko masasiromaromaay a ponka.

Itiya no to’asan ho a mihecaan, o malalalengawan to no Sa’etipay-Payrayrang( 西方文明)ko Kirisiya. O lalengatan no aniniay a Finawlan-sieci ko Kirisiya-sieci, midamaay-misawkit a faco ato malalenay ko tamtamdaw i ’ayaw no rikec. Mapacemahad no Kirisiya tamdaw ko Sakakaay-kacitaneng, tinako han o Kina’orip-taneng, Sa’osi-taneng, Rikisi-taneng, Haratengan-taneng ato Nadafongan-taneng, nawhan ni masado’edoay ko pisaharateng nangra. ’Adihay ko kasafaco no Nitilidan-ponka no Kirisiya-tamdaw, tinako han o olic no rikisi, olic a radiw, rikisi, kakakesman-sifay, kakaolahan-sifay. Miroroday sidateng ato pisi’erod to sakarihadayaw, o matiniay a salongan harateng mirecep to i Sa’etipay-kitakit a Nipinengnengan.

== Pacefaday a tilid(註腳) ==
[[Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis]]
<references />

== Pikafitan i papotal(外部連接) ==

* CIA
* 外交部
* List of current heads of state and government
Greece（希臘） 
thumb|Flag of Greece|alt=Flag of Greece
thumb|Location of  Greece  (dark green)– in Europe  (green & dark grey)– in the European Union  (green)  –  [Legend]

 Kirisiya-kapolongan kitakit(希臘共和國; Kirisiya a sowal:Ελληνική Δημοκρατία;通稱希臘:Ελλάδα). 
O itiraay i katimol no sakawalian no Yoropa, mihawangay to karopaw a kitakit,nawhani, o pinapina akanatal no Aycin-riyar ono Aciya. I kacacapa’an no Yoropa, Aciya ato Afrika ko kaitiraan no Kirisiya, tadakakalimelan ko kaitiraan, isakatimolan no Paerkan Pecihan-kanatal (巴爾幹半島Ikiris a sowal:Balkans) , isaka’amis no saka’etipan malafiyaw ato Aerpaniya, isaka’amisan malafiyaw ato Maciton ato Pawciyaliya, isaka’amis no sakawalian malafiyaw ato Torki. 

Siwaay ko kasa’eta’etal no Kirisiya: 

Maciton, Sifo’an-Kirisiya,Polopennisa, Sesali, Ypilos, Aycin-riyaran patatekoan-kanatanatal( mahaop ko 12 a kanatanatal ato Cikolaces), Seroys, Kolito ato Yiawniya-kanatanatal. Isakawaliay no kitakit ko Aycin-riyar,isaka’etipay ko Ayawniya-riyar, o Kolito-riyar ato Sifo’ay-riyar isakatimolay. O kakaya’ no lilis no riyar no Kirisiya ira ko 13,676 km, itini i masadangahay a Sifo’ay-riyar o sakakaay ko ka to’edaw no lilis no riyar i masadangahay Sifo'ay-riyar. Patahtahay to kanatanatal ko Kirisiya, olaloma’ noninian kanatal ira ko 227 a kanatal iraay ko tamdaw a maro’. O polong no kitakit mahaop ko 80% o tokos, Awlipos-tokos ko pocok, nani tongroh no riyar ira ko 2,918 laya’.

O tadamato’asay ko rikisi a kitakit ko Kirisiya itini i hekal, nani ‘ayawan ni Yiso to 2700 miheca iraay to ko taamdaw a maro’ itini. O kaitiraan ato kapatahtah palalafang, o cananoyan no sa’etipay-ponka hananay a pangangan, o kalengawan no finawlan-faco no sieci, sa’etipay-haratengan, Awlinpiko-ontokay, sa’etipay-nipitilidan, rikis,sieci,sakakaay-nikafana’ ato nipisa’osi, sa’etipay-sifay(kakahemekan ato kakeseman).Carol Strickland. The Illustrated Timeline of Western Literature: A Crash Course in Words & Pictures. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. 2007: 2 [2016-10-10]. ISBN 978-1-4027-4860-8. （原始內容存檔於2016-12-07）. Although the first writing originates in the cradle of civilization along Middle Eastern rivers — the Tigris, Euphrates, and Nile — the true cradle of Western literature is Athens. As the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley says, "We are all Greeks." i’ayaw ni Yiso to saka 4 sici mapalacecay ni Fili-sakatosa(腓力二世;Kirisiya a sowal:Φίλιππος Β' ο Μακεδών) 《Alexander the Great in His World》 Carol G. Thomas著.. 《Perseus》 Daniel Ogden著; 《A History of Greece to 322 B.C.》， N. G. L. Hammond著.ISBN 0-19-873095-0,page 56,1986。. no Maciton ko Kirisiya, o wawa ningra ci Alisanta Tata’angay-honti(馬其頓的亞歷山大三世;Katelangay sowal no kirisiya:Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' ὁ Μακεδών) cowa ka pahoda a micowat to kakahaday sera no to’asan hekal, mapatenak nani saka’etipan no Sifo’ay-riyar ko ponka ato sakakaay-fana’ patayra i taliyokan no Indo-‘alo. I’ayaw no saka 2 sici macowat no Roma ko Kirisiya, mala Roma-hontian-kitakit ato mirocokay a Paycantin hotian-kitakit ko i kakocay a heci no kitakit, ona Paycantin hotian-kitakit o masiwaray no ponka ato nipitilidan no Kirisiya. I sakacecay sici mapatireng ko Kirisiya So’elina-kyokay, masaloma’ ko aniniay a ponka no Kirisiya, mapatenak heca ko tato’asan pinangan no Kirisiya tayra i So’elinay-Kyokay(正統教會; Kirisiya a sowal:Ορθόδοξη Εκκλησία; Romaan tilid:Orthódoxi Ekklisía; Rosiya a sowal:Православная Церковь, Romaan tilid:Pravoslavnaja Cerkovʹ) a hekal.Greece during the Byzantine period (c. AD 300–c. 1453), Population and languages, Emerging Greek identity. Encyclopædia Britannica. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2008. Online Edition. 

Isasifo’an no saka 15 sici, ma’afas no Wotoman hontian-kitakit ko Kirisiya. Isaka 19sici tahira isaka 20 sici mapalaheci ko sapisiikedaw-lalood, 1830 miheca mihayi to polong a kasakitakit to o fainacadan-kitakit ko Kirisiya saan. 

Ira ko 18 a rocokan no hekalay-kitakit, ilaloma’ nonini ira ko 16 rocokan no ponka, 2 ko matata’edipay rocokan ko ponka ato palapalan, ika’ayaway rayray itini i Yoropa ato kasakitakit koninian sa’osi no rocokan.Greece Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List (17). Unesco. Unesco. [2016-10-10]. （原始內容存檔於2017-03-24）.

O Finawlan-sieci a faco a kitakit, macemahay-kitakit ato takaraway ko pilipayso a kitakit, cemahaday-kitakit, Sa’osi no Kacemahadan no Tamdaw(Human Development Index) takaraway ko heci no ‘orip. O mioatirengay to Linheko a kitakit, o sakamo’etep a kapot no Masakapotay-Yoropa(’ayaway no Yoropa-Lekatep),nani 2001 miheca o kapot no Yoropa-payso a etal. Adihay ho ko pikapotan, tinako han o Yoropa-Licikay, Saka’amisay Tasiyang-Riyaran a Kakaketonan Lekatep(North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO), Mapapadangay to Saka’orip ato Kacemahadan-kapot, Hekalay-malali’acaay Lekatep(World Trade Organization, WTO), Sakarihaday ato Sakapapadang a Lekatep no Yoropa(Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe，OSCE), ato Somowalay-Fransu a Hekalay-Saopo. O misiieday a ponka, mihamhamay-tayal, micolo’ay ato sofitayan-kamaro’an no Kirisiya ko sakacakat malasifo’ay Ci’icelay-kitakit.Aronsson, Albin. The Geostrategic Value of Greece and Sweden in the Current Struggle between Russia and NATO. [2016-10-10]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-17）.http://europesworld.org/2013/06/01/greece-can-still-be-a-geopolitical-asset-for-the-eu/#.V-ljaCQbP9s 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2017-01-11.Geopolitical Consequences Of 'Grexit' Would Be Huge, Country Risk-Defence and Security-Financial Markets. 2015-07-01 [2016-10-10]. （原始內容存檔於2017-10-10）.

 Rikisi(歷史) 
縮圖|Potonen-pita'aongan

 I'ayaway no kacirikisian(史前史) 
Do’edoen ko to’asan ho a nitilidan, latek i’ayaw no 20 ’ofa a mihecaan isasifo’an no katelangay-fokelohan miheca iraay to ko masaniyaro’ay tamdaw a maro’ itini. Latek i’ayaw no no 3200 miheca, i fodawan-miheca mapalengaw to ko samatelangay a ponka no Yoropa, onini i, o Maynos-payrayrang(邁諾斯文明;Minoan civilization, itiraay i Koriko-kanatal), Cikolaces-payrayrang(基克拉澤斯文明,itiraay i Cikolaces-kanatanatalan) ato Helas-payrayranga(赫拉斯文明,Ikieis a sowal:Helladic, Kirisiya a sowal:Ελλαδικός; itiraay i Kirisiya-karopaw). Latek i’ayaw ni Yisoan to 1600 miheca maceror no Maysini-payrayrang (邁錫尼文明; Ikiris a sowal:Mycenaean Greece;Fransu a sowal: Civilisation mycénne), o polong no nini o Acin-payrayrang( 愛琴文明;The Orehistoric Archaeology of Aegean) hananay konini ponka.maceror no Tolian-tamdaw (多利安人入侵;Ikiris a aowal:Dorian invasion) ko Maysini-payrayrang, ikor to nonini marimamoh ko Kirisiya to To’emanay-mihecahecan希臘黑暗時代（英語：Greek Dark Ages），又稱荷馬時代（根據荷馬史詩）、幾何時代（根據當時的幾何藝術），是指希臘歷史中從公元前11世紀邁錫尼文明覆滅到公元前9世紀第一個城邦的建立的歷史時期，也是荷馬史詩的年代。, tahira i’ayaw ni Yisoan to saka 9 sici yo mapatireng ko Kirisiya-niyaro’an kitakit, ira masadak ko matiyaay o Homa Rikisian-’olic a Kirisiya tilid a ponka-nitilidan, onini i, o katelangay-faco a mihecahecaan hananay, tona mihecahecaan patireng i lilis no Sifo’an-riyar ato Kohetingay-riyar to niyahan a nocowatan-sera, patokeled sa i’ayaw ni Yisoan to 776 miheca midemak to sarakatay a Awlinpiko-ontokay(奧林匹克運動會;Kirisiya a sowal:Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες; Fransu a sowal:Jeux olympiques; Ikiris a sowal:Olympic Games). I’ayaw ni Yisoan to saka 5 sici, makafili a mitaker to pi’eco no Posi hontian-kitakit ko sofitay no Niyaroan-kitakit no Kirisiya, tona mihecahecaan macakat tahapocok ko sakakaay-fana’ ato ponka no Kirisiya, o To’asan-mihecahecaan(古典時代; Ikiris a sowal:classical antiquity) hananay konini. O Kirisiya, Maciton ato Seroys-etal a payrayrang polong han o Hayloniko(Ελληνιστική) hananay a pangangan, o lalengawan no "Kiris»ya" a ngangan konini.
縮圖|Pisiiked-Lalood no Kirisiya 1828

 Maha'emin ma'eco no Roma hontian-kitaki tahira i pisiikedan(被羅馬共和國征服到獨立) 
Talacowa madocepay a malowid no Roma Kapolongan-kitakit( 羅馬共和國; Latin a sowal:Res publica Romana) ko Kirisiya i 'ayaw ni Yisoan to 168 miheca, nikawrira mafelih a marecep no ponka ko ‘orip no Roma-tamdaw. Talacowa o cecaay a kowan no Roma Hontian-kitakit ko Kirisiya, nikawrira pararid a misiwar ko ponka no Kirisiya to sakawalian Sifo’an-riyar, tahira to mapecih makilatosa ko Roma Hontian-kitakit. O sasifo’an kahiceraan no Sawalian-Roma hontian kitakit(Paycantin hontian-kitakit) a Cinstantinpaw(君士坦丁堡; Kirisiya a sowal:Κωνσταντινούπολις, Romaan tilid:Κωνσταντινούπολη; Latin a sowal:Constantinopolis), tahakokoc malakirisiyaay ko wayway. Sawalian-Rom a hontian kitakit mataker ko nani sawalianay to saka’etipanay to a pilood to pinapina a sici, tahira to i 1453 miheca matekop ko Cinstantinpaw, noyanan to nornor sato ko Awtoman hontian-kitakit a ’eco to polong a Kirisiya.

O pikowan no Awtoman hontian-kitakit pararid tahira i 1821 miheca to milekalan no Kirisiya a misiiked. 1828 miheca malaheci to ko Pisiikedaw-Lalood no Kirisiya,ptireng to Hontian-faco no sieci ko Kirisiya. 

 Patireng to Kapolongan-kitakit(建立共和國) 
1922-1927 mihecaan, nanoHontian-faco no sieci mafalic mala no kapolongan-kitakit ko Kirisiya, caka halafing o sofitay ko mitekeday-mikowan, to ikor palolol haeca malakapolongan-kitakit; Kinatolo a misanga’ to kinpo i toloay mihecaan, to ikor tono nini ira ko sepat a miheca to temenekay a mihecaan, nikawrira, marawraw no kaawaan no saka’oirip, ma’emed ko payso to tolo no kalisepay, awaawa ko sap’songila' a tayal no sifo. Tahira to i 1936 miheca tekep sato ko sifo o mitekeday-mikowan ko miceroray, mipalasawad to Kitakit-Kalomaocan, palasawad to kinpo, mipa’eker to mitokeray-sieci kasafelaw ato milalang to saopo, laheci sato a ma’afas ko paifaloco’an a sieci, matongal ko pipenec no sofitay a mikowan, sacicicing sa ko misaopoan a pakamaro’ a mipespes, mipatireng heca to matyaay o Fasise-saopo no kapah no kitakit, nisafaloco’an a misanga’ ko sapipLtata’ang to Tapang no kitakit.Ian Kershew著、林華譯. 地獄之行:1914-1949. 中信出版集團. 2018年12月: 202、282. ISBN 978-7-5086-8300-3. i edef no saka 19sici ato satapangan no saka 20 sici, pararid a micowat to sera no tao, masolot ko somowalay to sowal no Kirisiya a tamdaw no Awtoman hontian-kitakit malatamdaw no Kirisiya, tahira to i 1947 miheca ta malaheci masafaco to aniniay a Kirisiya a kitakit.

 I Sakatos-lalood(第二次世界大戰期間) 
縮圖|266x266像素|Rawraw no  Sayporoso(mala'afas ko Kirisiya ato Torki)
I Sakatos-lalood, mi’eco ko sofitay no Itali nani niyahan Aerpaniya to Kirisiya, mapacekil ko lalood no Itali ato Kirisiya (希義戰爭;Kirisiya a sowal:Ελληνοϊταλικός Πόλεμος或Πόλεμος του Σαράντα; Italiya a sowal:Guerra di Grecia),malowid no Kirisiya ko Itali, ikor mikihar ko Nacoy-Toic to Paerkan-pecihan kanatal, malacafay ato Itali, Pawciyaliya milood to Kirisiya, ma’eco a maaro’ no Tokodan-Kitakit(軸心國;Ikiris a sowal:Axis power; Toic a sowal:Die Achsenmächte) ko Kirisiya. I 1944 miheca pasitira i Nisakapotay-Kitakit (同盟國; Ikiris a sowal:Allies of World War II; Rosiya a sowal:Антигитлеровская коалиция), miliyas ko sofitay no Toic nani Kirisiya,mapalolol ko Kirisiya a kitakit. Ikor no Sakatosa-lalood ira ho ko kinacecay a laloma’an-lalood ko Kirisiya.

 Mihayi to Yoropa-payso(接受歐元) 
1949 miheca malepon to kona laloma’an-lalood, mikapot ko Kirisiya i Saka’amisay Tasiyang-Riyaran a Kakaketonan-Lekatep(北大西洋公約組織; North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO).1967 miheca saka 4 folad saka 21 romi’ad mifelih to sifo ko sofitay, mato’or sa mipalasawad to honti. I 1974 miheca matekop kona nikowanan no sofitay a sifo to nika Rawraw no Sayporoso(賽普勒斯問題; Kirisiya a sowal:Κυπριακό (ζήτημα; Torki a sowal:Kıbrıs Sorunu),tona mihecaan midemak to kapolongan-pitopa milaheci palasawad to Sawara’an-faco no sieci, patireng to Kapolongan-kitakit. 1977 miheca a pisinkiw matongal ko ‘icel no misakawiliay ko harateng a kasafelaw, nikawrira malemed cowa ka sasifod ko sieci, sanoyanan sato a temonek ko sieci no Kirisiya. 1981 miheca makapot to Kapolongan-Yoropa(歐洲共同體; Ikiris a sowal:European Community), i 2001 miheca mihayi to Yoropa-payso malapayso no niyah o Kirisiya.劉增泉. 第十章第七節〈民主政治的新起點〉. 《希臘史—歐洲文明的起源》. 2003: 165-168頁. 2009 miheca, nika kakatalawan ko kacikiyam no kitakit ko pasitira no kasakitakit.George Matlock. Peripheral euro zone government bond spreads widen. Reuters. 16 February 2010 [28 April 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-14）.Acropolis now. The Economist. 29 April 2010 [22 June 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2017-10-20）.

 Sieci(政治) 
縮圖|Kalomaocan no kitakit
Oya mipatalahekalan a kinpo i 1975 miheca mahaopay ko sapi’ading to salongoc no kalotandaw, ira heca matilid ko cecay a sasinkiwen a congtong malatapang no kitakit. O congli ato kakeirdan no sifo ko matayalay,o kacingangan aca a congtong ira ko mamang a tayal no sifo. O katayalan no congtong ato congli sepat miheca, o kalomaocan ko misinkiway, manga’ay a pararid to kinacecay riyad.

O cecayay ko kalomaocan ko pikaykian no kitakit, o kiing no pikaykian tahira i sepat ko mihecaan ko tolas no katayalan, nikawrira, pali’ayaway ko sinkiw ano roma. O tadamasasifoday faco ko pisinkiw to mamalakiing to tatinakoan a niocoran,itini tona matinay a faco no sinkiw awaay ko ‘icel no mamangay a kasafelaw a misiwar to sieci, ano tata’angay a kasafelaw to ano cowa ka ira ko kalitosa no kiing, ira ko ’icel a misiwar to demak no kalomaocan. O kahacecacecay a kasafelaw no sieci sa awaay pakaala to 3% no 300 a kiing ta cikilac to kiing.

O Kirisiya cowa ka lecad ato fiyaw a Pawciyaliya ato Aerpaniya, dengan o Kirisiya ko cowa ka pidemak to siyakaysyuki a kitakit i kalepongan no Li’etecay-lalood itini i katimol no sakawalian no Yoropa.

 Kaitiraan(地理) 
縮圖|Awlinpis-lotok
O sakakaay a sera o itiraay i sakatimolan no Paerkan-pecihan kanatal(Ikiris a sowal: Balkans)a Polopenisa-pecihan-kanatal, mahaop ko Korito-kanatal, Loto-kanatal ato Aycin-riyar kanatanatal. O to’edaw no lilis no riyar ira ko 14,880 km,ono sera a kalalaedan ira ko 1,160 km. Mahaop ko 80% o tokotokosan ko Kirisiya, sahetoay o ma’icangay ko sera: dengan 28% a sera ka matatodongay maomahen. I saka’etipan ira ko henot ato fanaw. I sasifoan a lotok nani tongroh no riyar ira ko 2,650 laya’ ko takaraww. O kakafahekan a Awlinpis-lotok o ’apocok no Kirisiya, nani tongroh no riyar ira ko 2,917 laya’.

 Kakarayan(氣候) 
O kakarayan no Kirisiya ono Sifo’an-kakarayan. O kasasiromaan no matiniay a kakarayan i, o makedalay i kaciferangan kala’oraday i kasi’enawan, orasaka dengan kasi’enawan ira ko ‘orad, roma i cowa ka ’orad. Patahtahay to cidal itini, icowacowa to ira ko 2000 toki ko lalen no cecay a romi’ad.

O sasafaay ko kafa’edetan itiraay i saka 1 ato saka 2 folad, o sakakaay ko kafa’edet itiraay i saka 7 ato saka 8 folad, i saka 1 folad a lalen kafa’edet 13°C i saka7 ato saka 8 folad a lalen kafa’edet 33°C. I tokotokosan mangalef i misatokayay a Yatin ciso’eday ano roma a kakarayan.

 Saka’orip(經濟) 
縮圖|simal no olif
O saka’orip a tayal no Kirisiya patatekoan ko mali’acaay demak ato no sifoan a demak to saka’orip(onini i makalitosaay ko GDP no Kirisiya), o mihamhamay to lafang a tayal ko sakakaay mahaop ko adihayay a GDP ato kaci’etan to payso no roma a kitakit(latek 15%). O milayapay to padafo’an mikomi no Yoropa-Lekatep, o nipadafo’an no Yoropa-Lekatep mahaop ko 3.3% no GDP, orasaka hato matemenekay to ko saka’orip no Kirisiya tona pinapina a mihecaan.

O kacalohan a lalahecien a tayal o pikeror to awaay ko tayal a tamdaw, miliyaw a misongila’ to faco no saka’orip, ona tayal mahaop ko sapipafeli to kalotamdaw to katayalan no kitakit mala no kalotamdawan katayalan( 私有化; Ikiris a sowal:Privatisation; Amilika a sowal:Privatization）, misongila’ heca to sapipa’ading to ’orip no tamdaw(社會保障:Ikiris a sowal:social security) , misalof heca to pilisata no sifo ato mipalahedaw to patelacay a tayal no sifo.

I 2002 miheca saka 1 folad saka 1 romi’ad malacecay ato Yoropa-payso a kitakit miraoy to Yoropa-payso malopayso no kaloromi’ad palasawaden ko payso no Kirisiya.

I 2020 miheca saka 2 folad o kiyam no Kirisiya sifo ira ko 3000 ok a Yoropa-payso, karihanawan to caka pakapatikol a mapinko ko kitakit, matalaw ko roma a kitakit no Yoropa makihar kono niyah a kitakit, anana to matekop ko Yoropa-payso etal i 2011 miheca.希臘應借鑑愛爾蘭 實事求是由奢入儉 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2011-11-06. 2014 miheca lacemcem ko Yoropa a kitakit to sapiliyasaw no Kirisiya to Yoropa-payso etal , macekil ko katekes no pacaliwan-payso no Kirisiya, matefad to ko kupiyaw mamafetas to ko kacikiyam no Yoropa.希腊股市暴跌6.25% 欧债危机忧虑重燃. [2014-11-02]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-07）.

O maomahay a tamdaw no Kirisiya cecay no kalitolo. O sakakaay a losay o olif, parok ato tamako. O simal no olif cowa ko palaheker aca to tamdaw no Kirisiya,adihay ho konipasadakan a paliwal. Ira ho moki,’arilay,kodasing, tamato,fadisoso, mami’ ato limon. Mahaop ko 30% no polong a sera no Kirisiya o omah, nikawrira, ‘akawang kona pala, orasaka cowa ka patahtah to kaka’enen no nipa’oripan, dengan to o siri ko nipaka’enan.

 Tamdaw(人口) 
I 2011 miheca a sa’osi ira ko 10,816,286 ko polong a tamdaw. Sahetoay o Kirisiya a tamdaw(98%) mitooray to Kawaliay-Mo’ecelay pitooran. Mapa’adingay no kitakit ko

Kawaliay-Mo’ecelay pitooran, ira heca ko niyah-pikowan salongoc,nikawrira, mapasifana’ no mato’asay no misakeristoay i Cinstantingpaw(君士坦丁堡;Kirisiya a sowal:Κωνσταντινούπολις; Romaan a tilid:Κωνσταντινούπολη: Latin a sowal:Constantinopolis). O roma a pitooran ira ko Islam-pitooran, o nihayian no sifo konini a pitooran.

 Pitooran(宗教) 
縮圖|Mo'ecelay-Kyokay
Mihayi ko “Kinpo no Kirisiya” to o mihayian no ‘alomanay ko Kawaliay-Mo’ecelay pitooransanay, talacowa mahaen to ko sowal, malecaday ko pipa’ading to polong a apitooran. Ano misa’osi to tamdaw ko sifo no Kirisiya cowa ka pipahapingang to pitooran no tamdaw. Do’edo’en ko Sakakaay-sakowan no Amilika(美國國務院;Ikiris a sowal:United States Department of State) a pisa’osi ira ko 97% a tamdaw no Kirisiya o Kawaliay-Mo’ecelay pitooran kako sanay, ono Kirisiya a Mo’ecelay-Kyokay(希臘正教會; Kirisiya a sowal:Ελληνορθόδοξη Εκκλησία; Ikiris a sowal:Greek Orthodox Church). I 2005 miheca a pisa’osi no Yoropa-pisa’osian, mahaop ko 81% tamdaw no nilicayan a paca’ofay ” pakaso’elinay to kaira no Pa’oripay kawas” saan, mido’edoay to Marta(馬爾他共和國:Marta a sowal:Repubblika ta' Malta; Ikiris a sowal:Republic of Malta) ato Sayporoso(賽普勒斯共和國;Kirisiya a sowal:Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία;Torki a sowal:Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti) ko ka’aloman no paka so’elinay to kawas a tamdaw itini i Yoropa-Lekatep. Do’edoen ho koroma a sa’osi, ira ko 15.8% a tamdaw no Kirisiya o “ci’icelay ko pakaso’elin ako” sanay, o sakakaay kona sa’osi itini i Yoropa a kasakitakit,tona sa’osi ira ko 3.5% cowa ka tayra i kyokay sanay.

Mahapinang ko mitooray to Islam a Muslin a mamangay finacadan,itiraay i Soroys a maro’ cangra, latek ira ko safar no mo’etep ’ofad tamdaw no Kirisiya ira ko 20-30 ’ofad ko Muslin a maforaway. 

 Sowal(語言) 
Ono sifoan a sowal ono Kirisiya a sowal. Nikawrira matanekay ko roma kitakit a sowal a Ikiris sowal. Roma sato i, o tiraay i Yiatin tokay a tamdaw sahetoay a Fransu ko hasowal to daday romi’ad, ora sa tiraay i Ayawniya-kanatal ato Yipiros a tamdaw ono Italiya a sowal ko kalosowal to romi’ami’ad.
縮圖|Maysini fafahiyan, o to'asan Kirisiya-finacadan

 Maysini fafahiyan, o to'asan Kirisiya-finacadan no Kirisiya(希臘文化) 
Nani pinapinaay patak a mihecahecan ko nikafalic no Ponka no Kirisiya, nani Maysini-ponka( 邁錫尼文明;Ikiris a sowal:Mycenaean Greece;Fransu a sowal: Civilisation mycénne) i nikalata’angan a To’asan a Kirisiya-ponka mihecaan, ikor to marecep no Roma hontian-kitakit ato Paycantin hontian-kitakit( 東羅馬帝國;Imperium Romanum)西歐學界普遍稱之為拜占庭帝國。然而其國祚一千餘年期間仍自封為羅馬帝國（拉丁語：Imperium Romanum；希臘語：Βασιλεία Ρωμαίων；中古希臘語：Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων 轉寫：Basileía Rhōmaíōn）正統繼承國、公民皆自認為羅馬人（中古希臘語：Ῥωμαῖοι 轉寫：Rhōmaîoi），而非「拜占庭人」或「希臘人」。  ato roma a ponka ato kitakit, tinako han o Latin-ponka, Faranko hontian-kitakit, Awtoman-Torki hontian-kitakit, Winis kapolongan-kitakit, Reniya kapolongan-kitakit, ato Tata’angay-Ikiris hontian-kitakit, sahetoay misiwaray to aniniay a Kirisiya. O ‘alomanay a citanengay to rikis a tamdaw, oya Pisiikedan-Lalood no Kirisiya 希臘獨立戰爭（希臘語：Ελληνική Επανάσταση，羅馬化：Elliniki Epanastasi；鄂圖曼土耳其語：يونان عصياني‎，羅馬化：Yunan İsyanı），或可之稱為希臘革命、希臘起義，是由希臘革命者於1821年至1832年間發起的成功反抗鄂圖曼帝國的獨立戰爭o tatapangan to pilolol to ponka no Kirisiya, orasaka mapalacecay ko masasiromaromaay a ponka.

Itiya no to’asan ho a mihecaan, o malalalengawan to no Sa’etipay-Payrayrang( 西方文明)ko Kirisiya. O lalengatan no aniniay a Finawlan-sieci ko Kirisiya-sieci, midamaay-misawkit a faco ato malalenay ko tamtamdaw i ’ayaw no rikec. Mapacemahad no Kirisiya tamdaw ko Sakakaay-kacitaneng, tinako han o Kina’orip-taneng, Sa’osi-taneng, Rikisi-taneng, Haratengan-taneng ato Nadafongan-taneng, nawhan ni masado’edoay ko pisaharateng nangra. ’Adihay ko kasafaco no Nitilidan-ponka no Kirisiya-tamdaw, tinako han o olic no rikisi, olic a radiw, rikisi, kakakesman-sifay, kakaolahan-sifay. Miroroday sidateng ato pisi’erod to sakarihadayaw, o matiniay a salongan harateng mirecep to i Sa’etipay-kitakit a Nipinengnengan.

 Pacefaday a tilid(註腳) 
Kasasiwasiw:Pasawalian 'Amis

 Pikafitan i papotal(外部連接) 

 CIA
 外交部
 List of current heads of state and government