title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Влияние географии

extracted_text:
Houses around the world

We want to show you the influence of the geographical position of a country on houses.

            The grasslands continue as far as the eye can see. White specks dot the landscape here and there. As you get closer, you can see that these specks are actually houses. These are yurts (or gers), the portable, folding homes of people who live as herders of sheep and horses.

               Yurts are set up in places where water is easy to get, and where there is grass for the horses and sheep to eat. The air is very dry in Mongolia.

            Deep in the mountains, there is a round earthen building called a tulou. It is surrounded by a thick dirt wall. It looks as if a huge flying saucer has landed. It is in the Fujian province of China. There are as many as three hundred people living in this tulou.

             Entering through the gate in the wall, you will find it is very lively inside. Take a few steps, and here and there you will hear people calling to you to stop for tea. In the middle is the hall for ancestor worship. Looking up, you can see a round circle of sky.
            These houses on Sumba Island, Indonesia are made from bamboo and grass. Livestock, such as water buffalo and pigs, live under the raised floor, and the people live above.

           The pointed part of the roof is where the gods are said to live.
           The wind blows through here. Shortly after noon, the wind from the ocean in the south comes blowing through this area towards the desert in the north. This house is in the Kutch region of India. Its roof is firmly tied down with rope so that it does not blow away in the wind.

             The grass roof and the earthen walls block the heat outside. The women draw designs on the outside walls. The inside of the house is also elaborately decorated.
          This village is in a clearing by a forest full of fir and oak in the Maramures region of Romania. Here, even the roofs of the houses are made of wooden shingles. As you walk through the village, you’ll feel as if someone is always watching you.

            It is the eyes on the roofs of the houses. The openings look just like human eyes complete with eyelids, but are actually holes to let smoke escape.

            If you climb a small hill and look down at the village of Matmata, you might notice there are many holes that look like craters on the moon. These holes are actually houses.

          The bottoms of the holes are the courtyards of the houses, and the holes dug off to the sides of the courtyards are rooms.

          Many white chimneys spring out of the ground! If you climb up the hill that it is coming out of. You’ll feel as if your footsteps are echoing underground.

           When you walk softly down the other side of the hill, you’ll find the entrance to a house. These underground houses are in Gaudix, Spain.

          The house in the center of the village collects rainwater inside the home to use as drinking water.

       This is because even when wells are dug, the water is salty.

        These houses are in the Casamance region of Senegal, Africa.

         The Chipaya people live on a plateau in the Andes at an elevation of 10,000 feet above sea level. If you listen carefully, you can hear the faint sound of a stream. White crystallized salt rises to float on the surface of the damp earth near the stream.

           There is a grass that grows in this earth where there is so much salt. Sheep and llamas eat this grass. The Chipaya people cut blocks out of this root-bound earth and stack them to build their acorn-shaped houses.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Английская физминутка

extracted_text:
Физкультминутки на уроках иностранного языка в младших классах
Физминутка
Ряд физических упражнений, направленных на предотвращение уставания и релаксацию организма

Виды физкультминуток:
упражнения для снятия общего или локального утомления;
упражнения для кистей рук;
гимнастика для глаз;
гимнастика для улучшения слуха;
упражнения для профилактики плоскостопия;
упражнения, корректирующие осанку;
дыхательная гимнастика.

Up'n down, up'n down.
Which is the way to London town?
Where? Where?
Up in the air?
Close your eyes -   And you are there!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект О Канаде

extracted_text:
Canada

 Region: North America
Area total: 9,984,670 km2
Coast line: Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Arctic Ocean
Capital: Ottawa

Ottawa

Ottawa

Parliament-Ottawa
National Library-Ottawa
Civilization Museum-Gatineau Hull-Ottawa
CN Tower-Toronto
Toronto
Flatiron-Toronto
Gare du Palais-Quebec
Chteau-de-Frontenac-Quebec
Alberta Legislature Building
Banff Springs Hotel
Parliament in Victoria- Vancouver
Victoria’s Inner Harbour-Vancouver
Vancouver
St-Josephs Oratory-Montreal
Olympic Stadium and Biodome-Montreal
Musee de la Banque de Montreal
Niagara Falls
The Horseshoe Falls, as known as the Canadian Falls
Bow Lake
Bowron Lake
Emerald Lake-Lodge
Lake Louise
Maligne Canyon
Quite Lake
Rolley Lake
Icefields-Athabasca-Glacier
Hopewell Rocks
Spirit Island
RockWalls
Yukon-WhiteHorse
Hoodoos in Drumheller-Alberta


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Project in English About Kharkiv

extracted_text:
Project in English
About Kharkiv
Grechanaya Julia
From 6-A
School 55
Map of Ukraine with Kharkiv highlighted
Kharkiv or Kharkov is the second-largest city of Ukraine. Located in the north-east of the country, it is the largest city of the Slobozhanshchyna historical region. By its territorial expansion on September 6, 2012 the city increased its area from about 310 to 350 square kilometres

The city was founded in 1654 and was a major centre of Ukrainian culture in the Russian Empire. Kharkiv was the first city in Ukraine to acknowledge Soviet power in December 1917 and it was the capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic until January 1935, when the capital was moved to Kiev. Kharkiv is the administrative centre of the Kharkiv Oblast and of the surrounding Kharkiv district, at the same time having a special status within the country.
Kharkiv

Proletarskaya Street
Coat of arms of Kharkiv
Freedom Square
Famous Places in Kharkiv
Gorky Park
Famous Places in Kharkiv
Memorial to 23 August 1943, the end of German occupation during World War II
Train station
Mirror stream
Love statue
Famous Places in Kharkiv
Сascade
Monument to Motherland
The Eternal Flame
GRECHANAYA JULIA
FROM 6-A
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!!
THE END


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Sochi Olympic Games

extracted_text:
Olympic games
Hot. Cool. Yours.
Mascots of Olympic games
MEDALS
Olympic medals:
The Olympic gold medals contain 525 grams of silver with a 960 hallmark and 6 grams of gold with a 999 hallmark
The silver medals contain 525 grams of silver with a 960 hallmark
The bronze medals with a 460 hallmark
Winter Olympic sports
The Russian Federation is the winner of The Olympic Games Sochi 2014
33 MEDALS
13 gold medals
11 silver medals
9 bronze medals


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Black Sea Biosphere Reserve

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Black Sea Biosphere Reserve
Black Sea Biosphere Reserve - a state nature reserve located on the sandy banks of the lower Dnieper.
The reserve was established in 1927 as part of a larger Black Sea preserve and it became a separate Black Sea Nature Reserve in 1933.
    The preserve covers 14,158 ha of dry land and 74,971 ha of water and constitutes the largest nature preserve in Ukraine.

     It was created to protect nesting, wintering, and migratory birds and to reserve the natural environment. It occurs within the breeding of rare species of oystercatcher, sea zuyok, eider, hodulichnik, merganser long-legged, black-headed gull, white-tailed eagle, bustards, pelicans pink, cormorant and great egret had other.
Its territory has revealed 926 species of natural flora, among them - more than 700 species of vascular plants, 90 - lichens, 61 species of mosses, 87 species of fungi and nodding 91 species of fungi, parasites fitotrofnih. Here are kept the 16 species of plants listed in the European Red List and 24 species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine.
Photos
Great bustard
Egret
Pelican
Eider
Oystercatcher
Hodulichnik
Knapweed korotkogolovy
Birch Dnieper
Thank you for your attention


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Irregular verbs 2

extracted_text:
Irregular verbs Part 2
pptcloud.ru

Брать          take         took           taken
класть,         put         put             put
Сообщать   tell          told            told
Давать         give         gave          given
Читать        read [ri:d] read [red]  read
2
[red]

Хранить      keep     kept        kept
Начинать    begin   began     begun
Разрешать  let        let           let
Слушать      hear    heard     heard
Резать          cut       cut          cut

Eсть, кушать    eat       ate         eaten
Бежать             run       ran           run
Приносить      bring     brought   brought
Становиться   become became  become
Расти                grow        grew      grown

Рисовать        draw          drew          drawn
показывать,   show         showed     shown

Значить          mean          meant        meant
представлять
Аудиозапись с сайта
http://gomelrepetitor.ucoz.ru/


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект All the my working days looked very much the same

extracted_text:
All the my working days looked very much the same

I hate getting up early, but I got used to it.

On weekdays I usually get up at 6 a.m.
I do not my morning exercises
I wash my face and hand and clean my teeth, take a cold and hot shower
After bathroom I go back to my room. I make my bed. Then I dress and brush my hair.
I go to the nearest stop and catche a bus
At half past 6 I am ready to have a breakfast

I don’t want to be a late for first studies
The studies begin at 8 a.m. and finishing at about 3 p.m.

In the collage

After dinner I rest a little

Sometimes I read a book or watch TV for an hour or talk to my friends over telephone
Then I do my homework
We do many subject at collage and it takes me three or even more hours to do my
homework

I sometimes have a supper at 8 p.m.

Then I have free time

At about 11 at night I go to bad


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Создание книги

extracted_text:
Создание книги
Пещера
Рисунки в пещере
Глиняные дощечки
В Древнем Египте
был изобретен
 папирус
Получение бересты
Кирилл и Мифодий
Пергамент
Свиток пергамента
Печатные станки


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Pallas’s Cat

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Pallas’s Cat
Well-furred cats from the cold Asian steppes, Pallas’s Cats Otocolobus manul are also called Manul, Steppe Cat or Rock Wildcat.
Distribution
Manul occur in Central Asia, from the Caspian Sea through Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and northern India to central China, Mongolia and southern Russia.
Lifestyle
Pallas’s cats are usually nocturnal but may come out during the day. They move around on their own in a territory that spans 2 to 3 miles. They den in caves, crevices and burrows made by other animals. The Pallas’s cats’ long, dense fur provides insulation against their snowy environment.
Food
Pallas’s cat eats small mammals such as rodents and pikas, and ground-dwelling birds.
Life Cycle
The Pallas’s cat can usually lives to be 8 to 10 years old. Females give birth in late spring to litters of up to six young. In 4 to 6 months, the kittens are mature. Females are ready to be mothers at 1 year of age but little is known about the cats’ mating behavior.

Some of Neighbors
Gazelles, marmots, gray wolves, saiga antelope, steppe eagles, maral deer, desert dormouse, marbled polecat, Marco Polo sheep, great bustard, squirrels

Population Status & Threats
In the 1900s, fur traders hunted Pallas’s cats for their fluffy coats. Eventually, laws were made to protect the cats. The hunt for their fur has slowed but still goes on, threatening the Pallas’s cat’s survival. Efforts to poison pikas to control their population also puts pressure on the cats.
WCS Conservation Efforts
WCS(Wildlife Conservation Society) is working with government officials and scientists in Central Asia to eventually create an International Peace Park that would protect animals in the region.

The best hope for Pallas’ Cat is that the inaccessibility and desolation of their habitat will help keep their numbers from being too decimated. Conservation measures must include improving law enforcement efforts and revamping the hunting permit system.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Ice-cream sundae

extracted_text:
The work was done Alina Polieva.
Ice-cream sundae
Ice-cream Sundae
The ice-cream sundae is an original American dish. Ice cream is not an original American food and chocolate syrup is not an original American food. But an American put the two together and started the ice-cream sundae.

Ice-cream Sundae
An ice-cream sundae is ice cream with chocolate or other syrup over it. There are many kinds of toppings today. You put the toppings on top of the syrup. These can be nuts, fruit and whipped cream.

Ice-cream Sundae
Ice-cream sundaes started in the 1890s. At that time people went to ice-cream parlours to eat ice cream. One day in Wisconsin a customer went to an ice-cream parlour. He wanted chocolate syrup on his vanilla ice cream. The owner of the parlour said this was a bad idea. But the customer insisted and finally got what he wanted. Soon many customers wanted syrup on their ice cream. Other ice-cream parlours started to have this new ice-cream dish.

Ice-cream Sundae
The sundae got its name from an ice-cream parlour in another town in Wisconsin. Here the owner of an ice-cream parlour only served the unusual ice-cream dish on Sundays. The ice-cream with the syrup was a special order and it was more expensive. It was a Sunday special. That is how it got the name sundae. Nobody knows why the spelling changed from Sunday to sundae.

Thank you for attention!!!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект «Путешествие по сказкам. Решение задач на части»

extracted_text:
Решение задач на части( интеграция с английским языком)
Учитель начальных классов: Рискина Ильмира Исмаиловна
Учитель английского языка: Цветкова Наталья Николаевна
«Крупное научное открытие даст решение крупной проблемы, но в решении любой задачи присутствует крупица открытия».
Д. Пойа
Путешествие по сказкам на уроке математики и английского языка.
Считайте, ребята, точнее считайте,
Хорошее дело смелей прибавляйте,
Плохие дела поскорей вычитайте,
Учебник научит вас точному счёту.
Скорей за работу, скорей за работу!

Расположите дроби в порядке возрастания.
6/15, 7/15, 4/15,2/15,
5/15,8/15,9/15.
4/11, 4/8, 4/10, 4/20, 4/13.
Решение задач
« Репка»
?1. Дед 90 дней по 2 часа в день поливал и окучивал репку. Сколько времени он потратил на уход за репкой?
 2. Шмель летал над репкой со скоростью 5 м/с  в течение 20 с. Какое расстояние он пролетел за это время?
 3. Гусеница проползла до репки 90 см за 3 мин. С какой скоростью ползла гусеница?
 4. Длина участка, где росла репка, 60дм, а ширина 40 дм. Найдите площадь участка.
 5. Найдите площадь, которую занимала репка, если известно, что она занимала 2/1200 части площади всего участка?
 6. Дед посадил репку 1 мая, а убирать пришел 12 июня. Сколько дней росла репка?
  7. Вес этой репки 5 кг 400 г, цена 100 г репки 50 копеек. Сколько стоит вся репка?

Жил старик со своею старухой
У самого синего моря.
Они жили в ветхой землянке
Ровно тридцать лет и три года.
Старик ловил неводом рыбу,
Старуха пряла свою пряжу.

Решение задач на части
а) Старик поймал в первый день 40 кг рыбы, а во второй день 4/5 этого количества. Сколько кг рыбы поймал старик во второй день?
 б) Старуха напряла 100 м пряжи, что составляет 4/5 ее месячной нормы. Сколько метров пряжи напрядет старуха за месяц?

Задача .
Установить, решаются ли задачи с неправильными частями по тем же правилам, что и задачи с правильными частями.

Цель урока.
Часть=Число:ЗнаменательЧислитель
Число=Часть:ЧислительЗнаменатель
Мачеха, уходя с дочерьми на бал, велела Золушке перебрать 100 кг крупы. Золушка, чтобы угодить мачехе, перебрала 150 кг. Какую часть своего задания выполнила Золушка? Вырази эту часть в процентах.

Задача 4, стр.20
Дробь=1 Число : 2 Число
Физкультминутка
Много ль надо нам, ребята,
Для умелых наших рук?
Нарисуем два квадрата,
А для них огромный круг.
А потом еще кружочек,
Треугольный колпачок,
Вот и вышел очень, очень
Развеселый чудачок.

К.Коллоди
Days of  the  week
MONDAY
TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
THURDAY
FRIDAY
SATURDAY
SUNDAY

Физкультминутка
One, two, three
Clap, clap, clap
Listen to the numbers
Four, five, six
Tap, tap, tap
Listen to the numbers.
One, two, three
Four,  five, six.
Clap, clap, clap
Tap, tap, tap.
One, two, three
Four, five, six.
Listen to the numbers.
Задача №2, стр. 20
Буратино решил купить для папы Карло новый дом за 300 сольдо. Но пока он копил деньги, цена дома увеличилась на 20%. Сколько теперь должен заплатить Буратино за этот дом?

Сольдо

Сольдо - старинная серебряная монета  Португалии.

1) 100%+20%=120%
2) 300:100*120=360 (с.)
Ответ: 360 сольдо теперь должен заплатить Буратино за этот дом.
Задача №3, стр.20 ( сам.р.)
( Проверка в парах)
42:8*7=42 (п.)
Ответ: 42 письма пришло на почту в феврале.

Домашнее задание.
с.21 № 8 (а), № 11 (а).                           Составить свою задачу про сказочных героев. Имена героев запишите на английском языке.
Итог урока.
 - Чему мы научились на уроке?
 - К какому выводу пришли?
 - Кто испытывал затруднения в новой теме?
                   Лист самоконтроля

СПАСИБО ВСЕМ.
Без сильного желания решить трудную задачу невозможно, но при наличии такого возможно.
Где есть желание, найдется путь»
Д. Пойа
«Недостаточно лишь понять задачу, необходимо желание решить её.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект REBUSES

extracted_text:
REBUSES
Бобылева Ирина Александровна
МБОУ «СОШ №5»
г. Северодвинск
Do you like to solve rebuses?
You do I know.
So you can enjoy these ones
d    b,    ,    g , d=L
Dear boys and girls !
,    , H    , ,Y               , W Y
A happy New Year !
2       S  ,      e  b ,              t  e =a 1

Two boys are better than one !


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Любовь к чтению

extracted_text:
Getting the reading habit

Ceri Jones

What is extensive reading?
reading lots of different texts
reading a variety of texts
reading for pleasure
reading without a task, a test or a set of exercises
reading for gist
reading for information
just plain reading
Which definition do you prefer?  Why?
So what’s the big deal?
[Harlequeen on  flickr]
  you can…
The basics
variety
choice
ease
pace
encouragement
role models

NO tests or exercises

The teacher as reader
(role models)
Make reading a topic of conversation
weave it into your classroom activities
   e.g. in a speaking class

(encouragement)
[eltpics on flickr]
make reading a topic of conversation
weave it into your classroom activities
take your book/s into class
talk about reading – and not reading
talk about reading in L1 … and L2
talk about listening to music & reading lyrics
talk about watching videos & reading subtitles
(encouragement)
peers as role models … keeping a log book
[grodt1987 on flickr]
     a shift in perspective …
[MelvinSchlubman on flickr]
    Extensive reading in the classroom?
follow-up from discussions, conversations
extracts
opening paragraphs
page 99
short stories
DEAR *
reader response codes
decisions, decisions …
Choice?  Variety?   Level?   Pace?

Plan A: everyone reads the same book
Plan B: everyone reads a different book

What kind of book? graded readers or authentic?  original or adapted?  early readers? reluctant readers? in print? online?

Students buy a book each?
School library?
Book box/bag?
   some classroom activities …
Ross Elliott on flickr
Before reading:
book covers
blurbs
opening paragraph
page 99 …

After reading:
character profile
different place and time
interviews (characters, authors …)
role plays ...

	reflections ….
[Kyknoord on flickr]
References and links
Owl Hall http://owlhall.macmillanreaders.com/welcome/
Macmillan readers http://www.macmillanreaders.com/
Literature collections http://www.macmillanreaders.com/resources/literature-collections
Tips for using graded readers in class http://www.macmillanreaders.com/using-graded-readers-in-class
A blog post on using reader response codes https://cerij.wordpress.com/2011/05/12/reader-response-codes/
An article by Philip Prowse on the basic principles of extensive reading
http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/rfl/october2002/discussion/prowse.html
An article by Alan Maley on the benefits of extensive reading with an extensive bibliography
http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/articles/extensive-reading-why-it-good-our-students%E2%80%A6-us
contact me: blog http://cerij.wordpress.com  twitter @cerirhiannon
www.macmillanenglish.com/onlineconference2011
Wednesday 9th:

12.30 - 13.30: CERI JONES:  Getting the reading habit
13.45 - 14.45: DAVE SPENCER:  How to teach secondary 		 classes (without losing your sanity in the 		 process)
15.00 - 16.00: VAUGHAN JONES:  “Class Scribe” and 			 other ways of recycling vocabulary
blog http://cerij.wordpress.com  twitter @cerirhiannon


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Звіт про роботу мовного табору Завідської ЗОШ

extracted_text:
KNOWLEDGE
HUNTERS

Звіт про роботу мовного табору
Завадської загальноосвітньої школи І-ІІ ступенів
                2016

30 .05.2016
 The Day of Acquaintances
Знайомство з планом роботи табору
Мовленнєва зарядка

31.05.2016
The Day of Health
Відпочиваючи  змагаємось : команди “Stars” і  “ Flowers”
01.06.2016
The Day of  Friendship
Майстер-клас
Витинанка “ Голуб миру ”
Колективна
творча
справа

02.06.2016

The Day of nature
Майстер-клас з орігамі
Конкурс  “Ми любимо природу”

03.06.2016
Sports day
Вивчаємо лексику з теми “Спорт”
Флешмоб
Особисті і колективні досягнення
04.06.2016

 The Day of   Fairy-tales
КАЗКИ ОЖИВАЮТЬ…
05.06.2016
 The Day of Trips
Квест  “ Я люблю Україну ”
05.06.2016
Good-bye
my camp!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Нормы морали

extracted_text:
«CHILDHOOD. МОРАЛЬ»
Подготовили:
учитель истории и обществознания
Виницкая Наталия Анатольевна,
учитель английского языка
Сыроватко Ольга Дмитриевна
Мораль – нравственные правила поведения, основанные на представлениях людей о хорошем и плохом, о добре и зле, о справедливости, долге, чести, совести и др.

Владимир Маяковский
Что такое хорошо и что такое плохо?
Крошка сын к отцу пришел, и спросила кроха:
— Что такое хорошо и что такое плохо? —
 У меня секретов нет, —
 слушайте, детишки, —
 папы этого ответ помещаю в книжке.
Если бьет дрянной драчун слабого мальчишку,
я такого не хочу даже вставить в книжку.
Этот вот кричит: — Не трожь тех, кто меньше ростом!
— Этот мальчик так хорош, загляденье просто!
I must respect the elder people.
Я должен уважать старших.
Today we are in the apple garden. Stand up, please! Imagine you see trees with apples around you. Turn your heads right, left, right, left. Try to get apple. They are so high. Take them. Raise your hands up! Jump!.. Is there anything in your hands? Nothing? Jump once more, please! Shake your hands and take your sits, please!

Looking for the truth...
В поисках истины…
1.The speaker is close to all the members of the family and they support each other.
2.The speaker has parents which both want to bring up their children.
3.The speaker is from a large family and they have some family traditions.

Добрый человек в добре проживет век
?
Тому тяжело, кто помнит зло
?
 Приведи примеры из жизни
 к следующим пословицам

Катя доверила подруге важный секрет, а подруга Маша рассказала о нем всему классу.
Максим обещал помочь однокласснику Игорю по математике, но вечером сел смотреть футбольный мат и забыл зайти к товарищу объяснить задачи. На следующий день Игорь получил по контрольной двойку.
Какие последствия могут иметь для человека
 следующие поступки
Право
нормы, установленные государством, их выполнение обеспечивает государство.
*Государство.
*Общество.

*В законах государства.

*Нет письменного закрепления.
*Наступает
юридическая ответственность.

*Общественное
 осуждение, критика, угрызение совести.

*Обязательно.
*Не обязательно.

The modern culture has a big influence on children.
Быть моральным это значит отвечать за свои поступки, совершать добрые дела.
A bad beginning makes a bad ending.
Мораль представляет собой нормы, установленные государством.
A good name is better riches.
Нравственные поступки требуют наград, слова благодарности.
Parents must set a good example to their children.
Золотое правило нравственности учит нас относиться к людям так, как хотим мы, что бы относились к нам.
Размещено на http://www.nashashcola.ru/
Размещено на http://www.nashashcola.ru/
Использованные источники:
http://www.openclass.ru/node/234369
http://englishon-line.ru/grammatika-spravochnik12.html
http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/dlg/post282043534/
http://www.emgli.ru/publ/12-1-0-152
http://www.istorik-ermolenko.ru/metodicheskie-materialy/igry-na-urokax-istorii-i-obshhestvoznaniya
http://zheschool3.ru/index.php/uzitschool/selik/246-inter


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект PCR and sequence

extracted_text:
Hybridization (DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA)
HYBRIDIZATION? –Yes, it is about this familiar picture
We can denaturate and renaturate DNA by heating/cooling
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/molecular_bio/problem_sets/m/graphics/05ta.gif
As DNA is heated, it reaches a temperature where the strands separate (DNA melts).
medlib.med.utah.edu/block2/ biochem/
ssDNA
H-bonds between basepairs
are broken and the strand unwind.
Unstacked bases
(random orientation)
absorb more light
than neatly stacked
(oriented) base-pairs
Melting curve.
The temperature
at which DNA is half unfolded
Tm (melting temp)
Tm is a measure of the stability of dsDNA under a given set of conditions

Hypochromic
Shift
Tm of DNA is affected by:
1. Base Composition :
 higher the GC content, the higher the Tm.
2. Ionic Strength :
as the ionic strength increases, so does Tm.
Double helical DNA is stabilized by cations.
Divalent cations (Mg2+) are more effective
than monovalent cations (NA+ or K+).
3. Organic Solvents –
formamide for instance
lowers the Tm by weakening
the hydrophobic interactions.
medlib.med.utah.edu/block2/ biochem/
DNA
more STABLE
in high-salt conditions.

DNA
more STABLE
When contains many GC

RNA can bind DNA (U is equivalent of T in hybridization)
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/molecular_bio/problem_sets/m/graphics/05ta.gif
Hybridization could be less than perfect

medlib.med.utah.edu/block2/ biochem/
COMPLEX
(DYNAMIC)
PICTURE

IN SOLUTION
http://amiga1.med.miami.edu/Medical/PDF-Files/Lecture10.pdf
42 C
is more stringent
condition
that 35 C

(hybridization
 is more specific)

So, hybridization is a most obvious phenomenon to use for specific DNA detection
Specific probe self-anneals to target DNA
Only problem – DNA is invisible
How to visualize DNA?

Radioactively
Fluorescently
Polymerase labeling of DNA

Gamma-33-ATP

Alpha-32-ATP

Labeling by
NICK TRANSLATION
DNAse I
Polymerase I (exonuclease activity)
Polymerase I (polymerase activity)
Will work without DNAse,
as there are always nicks in DNA
T4 polynucleotide kinase labeling

Gamma-33-ATP

olig
dNTP
Used for oligonucleotide
labeling
Professor Sir Ed Southern, Whitley Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Oxford
.
Allison, Fundamental Molecular Biology
“Real” Southern blot (DNA-DNA blot)
www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/ 3250_Southern_Blot_analysis.htm
STAINED by Et Br
VIZUALIZED by P32

http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/report/volume2/fig1_8.htm
Western Blot
Southern
northern
western
What different types of information can be provided by each different blot type?
Colony hybridization assay for the identificationof bacterial colonies carrying a particular DNA clone
http://amiga1.med.miami.edu/Medical/PDF-Files/Lecture10.pdf

http://biol1.bio.nagoya-u.ac.jp:8000/MatsudaM01fig2.jpg
Same for arrayed clones
Design of degenerated synthetic hybridization probes (for already known proteins only)
http://amiga1.med.miami.edu/Medical/PDF-Files/Lecture10.pdf
The degeneracy of a primer is the number of unique sequences it corresponds to (5 in one of the examples below).
can be used when some of the related genomic sequences
are unknown, or known only in a related species.
Up to 1010 degeneracy is tolerated
Fluorescent probe hybridization
A DNA probe,
covalently bound to biotin,
is hybridized to
a denatured chromosome preparation.

An avidin-bound fluorescent label (FITC)
is layered on top of the cells,
and the avidin-FITC binds the biotin.
The signal is amplified further
by layering rabbit anti-avidin antibody
(which binds the avidin-FITC),
and then layering FITC-labeled
anti-rabbit antibody on top.

Fluorescence will be detected only
where the DNA probe
has hybridized to the chromosome.
http://www.childsdoc.org/spring2000/missinggenes.asp
How streptavidin/biotin binding is working?
Largest free energies of association
of yet observed for noncovalent binding
of a protein and small ligand
in aqueous solution (K_assoc = 10**14).
Complex is extremely stable.
Streptavidin is a protein.
1 mole of SA binds 4 moles Bio
BIOTIN is a vitamin B
(small thing)
Biotin could be added to nucleotide
and incorporated into the probe
(67 kD protein
from Streptococcus avidinii)
Avidin could be
conjugated with fluorophore
IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION is an imaging method to visualize mRNA expression in tissues and cells.
Encephalin gene expression
in the mouse brain
www.omrf.org/OMRF/ Core/InSitu.asp
The HuC transcript is expressed specifically
 in the nervous system of this E18 mouse
FISH labeling of the centromeric highly repeated DNA
www.infobiogen.fr/.../
Metaphase FISH analysis
using the BAC probe RP11-104M2
labeled with FITC (green)
hybridized to a normal metaphase cell
confirms the chromosomal localization
of the probe (gene) to 4q28.
Cy3/Cy5 direct labelling of DNA (for microarrays)
Cy5 -- RED
2. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
http://www.bioteach.ubc.ca/MolecularBiology/PolymeraseChainReaction/PCR.gif
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
ww2.mcgill.ca/biology/undergra/ c200a/f07-16.gif
DNA melting
Primer annealing
DNA elongation
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993,
at age 48
Kary Mullis
(invented PCR in 1983)
PhD
"The Cosmological Significance
of Time Reversal,"
Biochemistry from U.C. Berkeley
Exponential nature of PCR amplification

www.biotechlab.nwu.edu/ pe/Sld022.htm

use OLIGONEW or PRIMER software

Try for equal Tm for both primers
Avoid primer dimer formation
Marginally problematic primer
Use Software to avoid of such problems
Typical PCR gel (Every PCR should by gel-verifyed)

Fidelity of PCR is often an issue
www.biotechlab.nwu.edu/ pe/Sld022.htm
mkM

www.biotechlab.nwu.edu/ pe/Sld022.htm
Proof-reading activity enzymes are required for

High Yield and High Fidelity
are mutually exclusive

www.biotechlab.nwu.edu/ pe/Sld022.htm

If complete copies is amplified
www.biotechlab.nwu.edu/ pe/Sld022.htm

www.biotechlab.nwu.edu/ pe/Sld022.htm

www.biotechlab.nwu.edu/ pe/Sld022.htm

Plateau effect in PCR reaction

www.biotechlab.nwu.edu/ pe/Sld022.htm
Plateau effect in PCR reaction
Non-specific PCR and how to improve it
Just
PCR
5%
D
M
S
O
D
M
S
O
+
G
L
Y
M
A
R
K
E
R

Decrease in Mg concentraton
PCR enzymes
Taq DNA polymerase, the first enzyme used for PCR,
is still the most popular.
-- high processivity
-- is the least expensive choice
-- generates PCR products
with single A overhangs on the 3´-ends
(Suitable for TOPO-cloning)
“Topo” cloning system (Invitrogen)
Half-life at 95C is 1.6 hours
Tth polymerase
Thermus thermophilus strain HB8.
RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase activity in the presence of Mn2+ ions.
DNA-dependent DNA-polymerase activity in the presence of Mg2+ ions.
The fragment should be ideally smaller 1 kb.
Mn 2+
Mg 2+

Pfu polimerase
Proofreading or high fidelity DNA polymerases
(from Pyrococcus furiosus).
approx.1 / 2, 000,000 nucleotides before making an error.

 In comparison Taq DNA polymerase
makes an error in approx. every 1/ 10,000 nucleotides.
can tolerate temperatures exceeding 95°C,
enabling it to PCR amplify GC-rich targets.
more expensive
Pol Vent (From Thermococcus litoralis)
also known as Tli polymerase
Very termostable: Half-life at 95 C is approximately 7 hours
Vent error rate is intermediate between Taq and Pfu.

2-5 x 10-5 errors/bp
3'->5' exonuclease activity presents
Other polymerases:

Deep Vent (Pyrococcus species GB-D) (New England Biolabs)
New England Biolabs claims fidelity is equal to or greater than that of Vent.

Replinase (Thermus flavis) 1.03 x 10-4 errors/base
Long-Range PCR
Use of two polymerases:

a non-proofreading polymerase Taq
is the main polymerase in the reaction,
a proofreading polymerase (3' to 5' exo) Pwo
is present at a lower concentration.
22-24 kb PCR products are achieved on
Qiagen and Eppendorf PCR mixes
Taq+ Pwo
(Pyrococcus woesei) ;
Pwo is very stable,
2 hrs at 100 C
3. SEQUENCING: (Sanger method)
Sanger method:
http://www.kids-dna.com/dnatube.gif
Frederick Sanger
(Nobel prize 1980 with Paul Berg and Walter Gilbert)
Dideoxynucleotide blocks chain elongation
http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/staff/dave/roanoke/fig5_38.jpg
DNA sequencing:  chemistry, with terminator dyes

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Semi-automated fluorescent DNA sequencing:
template + polymerase +
dCTP
dTTP
dGTP
dATP
ddATP
ddGTP
ddTTP
ddCTP
extension
electrophoresis
A•T
G•C
A•T
T•A
C•G
T•A
G•C
G•C
A•T
G•C
T•A
T•A
C•G
T•A
G•C
A•T

Cycle Sequencing - PCR
Applied Biosystems Inc., have designed an automated method that combines the PCR and actual sequencing
<http://www.utmb.edu/proch/servo3.htm>
DNA sequencing by primer walking
Chemical synthesis of DNA
Chain grows: 3’-> 5’
General consideration about Gene Expression
Expression Host -> Expression System
Promoter system -> expression vector
Properties of product -> stability
Production level

Comparison of expression systems
Use of Lac promoter (pLac) for expression of foreign protein
Prokaryotic Expression vector
Prokaryotic Expression vector

Eukaryotic Expression vector
Promoters
Control of transcription of the lac operon.
Page 95
Terminators
Northern Blot
-> to study transcription level
Expression studies by microarray technique


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Музика

extracted_text:
             MY HOBBY
             Playing the piano
              About myself:
I am Alyona. My hobby is music . I take music lessons twice a week. There are different musical instruments. Some people play the guitar. But  I am fond of playing the piano . After classes I like watch TV. I don’t like to read.
         About my hobby:


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Flag and Emblem of New Zealand

extracted_text:
Flag and Emblem of New Zealand
Independence Day is celebrated
                                    on September, 26

Government type is parliamentary democracy. Administrative division is the following: 93 counties, 9 districts, and 3 town districts.
New Zealand Parliament Refurbishment
New Zealand Parliament Refurbishment
Legal system is based on the English law, with special land legislation and land courts for Maoris.
Since 6 February 1952 the chief of the state is Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor General Dame Silvia Cart-wright since 4 April 2001.
Since 10 December 1999, the Head of the government is Prime Minister Helen Clark and Deputy Prime Minister James Anderton.
Since 1984 the government has accomplished major economic restructuring, transforming New Zealand from an agrarian economy to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally.
New Zealand is heavily dependent on trade — particularly in agricultural products.
The main industries are mining, food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment.
New Zealand's currency is New Zealand dollar.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Старые символы США

extracted_text:
THE FORGOTTEN SYMBOLS OF THE USA
Every country has its national symbols which differentiate this particular country from the other ones and indicate the way of  life.
The American flag  “The Stars and Stripes”
The national anthem of the United States "The Star Spangled Banner“
The Washington Monument
The Statue of Liberty and others
There are some symbols which only few years ago represented cultural heritage and natural treasures but today have become forgotten.
The Charter Oak,
the Bald Eagle,
The Great Seal of the United States of America,
Disneyland,
The Flag with 24 Stars,
 the game Monopoly,
The Cowboy Hat,
John Philip Sousa, The March King,
The George Washington Rose.
The aim of the work
I would like to give general information about those forgotten symbols, because they are still an integral part of the US history and represent definite periods and stages in the development of the country.
Another aim of my work is to find out how Americans honour their symbols.

Message of the Charter Oak
The Charter Oak became a symbol of first Connecticut and then the entire new nation of America when this state stood up for its rights against King James II of England and the new nation of colony-states followed suit.
An old bald eagle may lose some of his plumage, suffer a fractured beak, and experience broken or lost talons. His eyesight might grow dim. But this does not always mean death to the Bald Eagle.
The Bald Eagle - A Forgotten Story
During the 1789 Inauguration Parade of President George Washington, women marched long while wearing rose-wreaths on their heads. They tossed rose petals before the horses and carriages in the parade before Washington passed by on the streets.
The George Washington Rose
In the 19th and 20th Centuries, John Philip Sousa was a recognized symbol of America, well-known for his dozens of patriotic, military, and celebration marches.
John Philip Sousa composed these marches among the dozens in his bibliography:
 * America First
    * Hail to the Spirit of Liberty
    * Hands Across the Sea
    * The Invincible Eagle
    * Magna Charta
* Universal Peace
    * The White Rose
    * The Washington Post March
	John Philip Sousa (1854 - 1932); The March King
The cowboy hat is a high-crowned, wide-brimmed hat best known as the defining piece of attire for the North American cowboy.
The cowboy hat has often symbolized the United States frequently, often paired with an oil well.

	The Cowboy Hat
	Monopoly and Capitalism
The game of Monopoly was originally called Rich Uncle and is based on forming a business monopoly
Children still play MONOPOLY all over the world.
The Flag with 24 Stars
Old Glory is not the original 13-starred flag of the new nation, nor the 50-star flag of the 20th century past. It is the 24-star flag that was gifted to Captain William Driver in Massachusetts on his 21st birthday.
Disneyland
Disneyland Park is a theme park located in Anaheim, California, owned and operated by the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts division of The Walt Disney Company.
Amusement parks and entertainment are an American way of life.
The Great Seal of the United States of America
While this is not a forgotten symbol, not all remember what each part of it means. Interestingly, the number 13 is used over and over.
1. 13 Stars in the Crest above the eagle
   2. 13 Stripes in the Shield upon the eagle's breast
   3. 13 Arrows in the eagle's left claw
   4. 13 Olives and Leaves in the eagles' right claw
   5. 13 Letters in the motto carried by the eagle, E Pluribus Unum

The Way Americans Honour Their Symbols
Humans could not exist without symbols.
Symbols are not just isolated objects: symbols mean something to the people who understand and use them.
The more people treat a symbol respectfully, the more it may come to represent good things; the more people treat a symbol disrespectfully, the more it may come to represent negative things
The Way Americans Honour Their Symbols
 The aim of my work is to show how Americans treat their symbols.
The focus of my investigation became the article “WHEN SYMBOLS CLASH Should America re-evaluate its symbols?”
Opinions differ greatly and it’s impossible to say exactly how many people respect their symbols and what the number of those who underestimate the power of symbols in people’s lives is.

In the diagram we can see that about 70% of people who discussed the issue of the value of the original symbols respect the history and culture of their country. They honor their traditions; they devote to their rights and duties.
In conclusion I would like to mention that due to the research the American nation seems to me as patriotic, respectful and united one.
Thank you for attention!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Інтел. Навчання для майбутнього.

extracted_text:
The project for the 11 B form
Choosing  a career
The motto of the lesson:
Work in the line of duty is a work.
and work on propensity is a leisure.
                                 B. Shaw

The announcement of the theme and objectives of the lesson

• The choice of the future profession is a very actual topic.  It is quite clear  because you’ll get a certificate of secondary education this year.
• There is serious task for you- choosing your road of life, your future occupation. And making the wrong decision can result in many troubles in future.
 • Let us hope you will make the right choice and be  good specialists no matter  what sphere you will work.
This material was prepared using the educational programme Intel "Educationfor the future. Project activities  of the 21st century".
Educational  objectives
To operate the words and word combinations
     on the topic “Choosing a profession”.
To participate in common conversational exchange about choosing a profession.
    To present a Power Point
     project on the topic
        “My future career”
The key question of the project: “How to choose the job for life?”
Problematic questions of the topic are:
What factors influence on your choice of the career?
What jobs are suitable for you?
Whether the occupation I have chosen  is most in demand?
Where can I receive education in demand occupation?

Didactic objectives / Expected learningresults
At the end of the lesson students will be able to speak about the qualities of character, about the factors influencing the choice of profession, to talk about their chosen profession, to explain why they have chosen a particular profession, to make a Power Point presentation, students will do their research on the Internet.
Practical results:

Presentation
of the pupils’ projects “My future career”
Publications
Web site
Psychologists
Researchers
biographers

                 Tasks to       the group of       psychologists:
1). To find  out how the inclinations   influence on the student’s choice of the future career.
2) Find what psychological tests provide an opportunity to identify inclinations to the profession
3)Make a short conclusion whether qualities of character define the profession of a person in many respects

Tasks to the group of the searchers
To search the test-vocational guidance by E. A. Klimov
 To search the qualities of character which are mostly needed for the future career

Tasks to the group of the biographers
To collect materials relating to such facts from the biographies as the achievements of famous people and identify factors that influenced on their professional growth.

The test-vocational guidance by E. A. Klimov.
What activities do you  mostly enjoy?
а. Ухаживать за животными
 1б. Обслуживать машины, приборы (следить, регулировать)
 2а. Помогать больным
 2б. Составлять таблицы, схемы, программы для вычислительных машин
 За. Следить за качеством книжных иллюстраций, плакатов, художественных открыток, грампластинок
 3б. Следить за состоянием, развитием растений
 4а. Обрабатывать материалы (дерево, ткань, металл, пластмассу и т.п.)
 4б. Доводить Товары до потребителя, рекламировать, продавать
 5а. Обсуждать научно-популярные книги, статьи
 5б. Обсуждать художественные книги (или пьесы, концерты)
 6а. Выращивать молодняк (животных какой-либо породы)
 6б. Тренировать товарищей (или младших) в выполнении каких-либо действий (трудовых, учебных, спортивных)
 7а. Копировать рисунки, изображения (или настраивать музыкальные инструменты)
 7б. Управлять каким-либо грузовым (подъемным или транспортным) средством – подъемным краном, трактором, тепловозом и др.

8а. Сообщать, разъяснять людям нужные им сведения (в справочном бюро, на экскурсии и т.д.)
 8б. Оформлять выставки, витрины (или участвовать в подготовке пьес, концертов)
 9а. Ремонтировать вещи, изделия (одежду, технику), жилище
 9б. Искать и исправлять ошибки в текстах, таблицах, рисунках
 10а. Лечить животных
 10б. Выполнять вычисления, расчеты
 11а. Выводить новые сорта растений
 11б. Конструировать, проектировать новые виды промышленных изделий (машины, одежду, дома, продукты питания и т.п.)
 12а. Разбирать споры, ссоры между людьми, убеждать, разъяснять, наказывать, поощрять
 12б. Разбираться в чертежах, схемах, таблицах (проверять, уточнять, приводить в порядок)
 13а. Наблюдать, изучать работу кружков художественной самодеятельности
 13б. Наблюдать, изучать жизнь микробов
 14а. Обслуживать, налаживать медицинские приборы, аппараты
 14б. Оказывать людям медицинскую помощь при ранениях, ушибах, ожогах и т.п.
 15а. Составлять точные описания-отчеты о наблюдаемых явлениях, событиях, измеряемых объектах и др.
 156. Художественно описывать, изображать события (наблюдаемые и представляемые)
 16а. Делать лабораторные анализы в больнице
 16б. Принимать, осматривать больных, беседовать с ними, назначать лечение
 17а. Красить или расписывать стены помещений, поверхность изделий
 17б. Осуществлять монтаж или сборку машин, приборов
 18а. Организовать культпоходы сверстников или младших в театры, музеи, экскурсии, туристические походы и т.п.
 18б. Играть на сцене, принимать участие в концертах
 19а. Изготовлять по чертежам детали, изделия (машины, одежду), строить здания
 19б. Заниматься черчением, копировать чертежи, карты
 20а. Вести борьбу с болезнями растений, с вредителями леса, сада
 20б. Работать на клавишных машинах (пишущей машинке, телетайпе, наборной машине и др.)

The types of occupations
Ключ к тесту
Человек-природа 1а, 3б, 6а, 10а, 11а, 13б, 16а, 20а
 Человек-техника
 1б, 4а, 7б, 9а, 11б, 14а, 17б, 19а
 Человек-человек
 2а, 4б, 6б, 8а, 12а, 14б, 16б, 18а
 Человек-знаковая система
 2б, 5а, 9б, 10б, 12б,15а, 19б, 20б
 Человек-художественный образ
 3а, 5б, 7а, 8б, 13а, 15б, 17а, 18б
 Psychological requirements to the professions: http//education.ssti.ru/prof_klimov.php

:
The types of the professionsof the English group in per cents %
The person- the person
37. 5 %
The person –technique
25 %
The person – the sign signal
37.5 %
Answer the questions:
What are the qualities of the people of your sign?
The people of what professions behave to them?
Choosing the profession under the announcement in the internet:
Read the advertisement from the internet and decide who from the pupils of our group is mostly suitable to this profession? Read fluently and by yourself .
Start with: The profession of _______ suits
    to _________ because ___________.

Likes/ dislikes of the professions
I’d like to become a … because
What are the responsibilitiesof the people ofother professions?
An interpreter
A HR manager
A chemist
A military pilot
A military man
Famous people

Who of famous people would  you like to   emulate?
What are their achievements?
What qualities and abilities did (do)  they have to be successful ?

The woman I admire

Her contribution to literature  includes her many translations, Jules Verne’s novels, which are very popular . She also made translations from French into Russian and Ukrainian. Her own works were translated into several European languages, and thus she was responsible for making Ukrainian literature an international phenomenon.
7 years she assisted her husband with his ethnographic work and learning the Ukrainian culture and language. Marko Vovchok moved to Europe, where she resided in Germany, France, Italy and Switzerland. In Saint Petersburg, she wrote and translated for Russian magazines.

He has an analytical mind , and he is a well-educated person.
Pavel is able to read and to write correctly - both foreign and native languages.
  Ruses Tsar, statesman, politician and military of the Rurik dynasty. Grand Tsar of Kyiv, the ruler of Rus (957-972).
  His parents tsarina Olga and tsar Igor Stariy.

  In the years 964-966 warriors of Sviatoslav fighting on the Oka and Volga, conquer Vyatichi and cause a fatal blow for powerful Khazar Khanate. Svyatoslav stormed the capital Sarkel, which was on the isthmus of Don and Volga. After the army has gone to the land of yasiv and Kasogs.
  In the spring of 965, Svyatoslav sent Khazar Khagan his famous historic message: "I Come to You." After the river Oka to the Volga, and then moving down to the great river, through the lands of the Volga Bulgars - tributaries of the Khazars - Svyatoslav took possession of the Khazar Khanate.
Ivan Kozhedub

Achievements
Three times Hero of the Soviet Union
Holder of two Orders of Lenin
Cavalier six Orders of the Red Banner
Commander of the Order of Alexander Nevsky
Commander of the Order of the Patriotic War I degree
Holder of two Orders of the Red Star
Commander of the Order "For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces» II degree
Commander of the Order "For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces» III degree
Qualities and abilities he is successful

  -  Ivan Kozhedub is the person possessing the developed self-control focused on accuracy of  his performance;
 -  He’s able to supervise well the emotions and behavior;
  - He’s a person possessing purposefulness and personal integrity;
  - He is risky and willing.
«The House That Jack Built», «Humpty Dumpty», Shakespeare's sonnets
Marshak not only learned the language, he absorbed the country's history, manners, customs of the people. English, he studied all his life, Marshak treated very seriously: "I do not ... transfer on request, but out of love." In London, he began to work on translations of English ballads, later glorified him, but then faced with a wonderful English children's folklore, full of whimsical humor.

Translations from English sonnets of Shakespeare, performed by Marshak, Academician ML Gasparov, a recognized master of prosody, describes as "a phenomenon in Russian literature."
  Critic rightly notes that the sonnets of Shakespeare in translation of Marshak - not only is the translation from language into language, but also with style to style, and merit of Marshak - that he was able to convey the author's ideology, the spirit of Shakespeare's Renaissance poetry.

Dmitri Mendeleev
was a Russian chemist and inventor.

he formulated the Periodic Law, created his own version of the periodic table of elements, and used it to correct the properties of some already discovered elements and also to predict the properties of eight elements yet to be discovered.

Mendeleev was awarded many prizes, among of them there are medals of G.Davey (1882), M.Faradey (1889) and Copley (1905). The 101st element in the periodic table is named in honour of Dmitri Mendeleev.
	 Dmitri Mendeleev achieved a colossal result not only due to his madness on this science. Also he possessed a great variety of qualities. He had a propensity to hard work. The chemist had a crazy curiosity, so he was really keen on doing different chemical researches and experiments.

In our country, 42% of people are changing the profession within the first two years after graduating from vocational school, college or University, but in general, up to 80% of the population are not majoring specified in the diploma of vocational education.
search the Internet for information about educational institutions, to identify the factors influencing the choice

want
can

need
When choosing a career you should consider the factors:
interests - the wish  to know something new.
The propensity is a desire to do something.

Capacities:
Skills - technical, managerial, communicative.
Level of knowledge - abilities in certain subjects/
Psychological personality’s characteristics - features of temper, character qualities
Health

The needs of the labour market in employees

The professional choice
If you manage to combine It "is necessary", I "Can" and I "Want", you can consider the professional choice successful.
    Критерії оцінювання та самооцінювання  проекту
1.	Організація    проектно – дослідницької роботи позаурочно і на уроці
                     Підлягає оцінюванню	Допустимі  бали	Одержані бали
Самостійна проектно - дослідницька робота позаурочно і  якість її виконання  в групах(психологи, дослідники, біографи) 10

Проектно- дослідницька робота на уроців групах “людина-людина,” “людина- техніка”,”людина – знакова система”
                            активність	5
                            компетентність	5
	      2.   Презентація проекту “Моя майбутня професія”
Представлена інформація групі
  була цікавою, насиченою і корисною	10
Оцініть дизайн 5
Чи відповідала презентація на ключове питання проекту - як вибрати професію для життя? 	10
Оцініть лексичну сторону мови. Чи відповідала використана лексика рівню складності 11 класу?
	10
 Cтиль та грамотність	10
Використання ІКТ зробило проект цікавіше.	10
Інформація була представлена в логічній послідовності.	10
 Повнота висвітлення	10
Презентація утримує увагу аудиторії	10
Елементи творчості, оригінальність виконання	10
Загальний бал	115 балів

Оцінювання за 12-бальною шкалою
  115                 	                                        12
100-109		                                         11
90-99	                                                   10
80-82	                                                   9
70-79		                                         8
60-69	                                                   7
50-59	                                                   6
40-49	                                                   5
 30-39                                                        4


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Виды очков

extracted_text:
Glasses – are also called eyeglasses (formal), spectacles, or specs (informal) for vision correction or eye protection. Sunglasses allow better vision in bright daylight, and may protect against damage from high levels of ultraviolet light. Other types of glasses may be used for viewing visual information or simply just for fashion values.
Historical types of glasses include the pince-nez, monocle, lorgnette, and scissor or scissors-glasses.
Scissors-glasses
Monocle
Pince-nez
Lorgnette
The earliest historical reference to magnification dates back to ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs in the 5th century BC, which depict "simple glass meniscal lenses". The earliest written record of magnification dates back to the 1st century AD, when Seneca the Younger, a tutor of Emperor Nero of Rome, wrote: "Letters, however small and indistinct, are seen enlarged and more clearly through a globe or glass filled with water". Nero (reigned 54–68 AD) is also said to have watched the gladiatorial games using an emerald as a corrective lens.
Based on research conducted by British scientist and historian Sir Joseph Needham, spectacles were first invented 1000 years ago in ancient China and was in widespread consumer use in by the Chinese aristocrats, Imperial family, rich civilians and elderly at the time of Marco Polo's arrival in 1270 or 1271. Alternatively, some people theorize that spectacles were first invented between 1280 and 1300 in Italy. Some also theorize that the first European inventor of spectacles was Salvino D'Armate
The American scientist Benjamin Franklin, who suffered from myopia adopted bifocals in 1784 to avoid having to regularly switch between two pairs of glasses although the claim that he actually invented them is disputed. The first lenses for correcting astigmatism were constructed by the British astronomer George Airy in 1825.
Corrective lenses are used to correct refractive errors of the eye.
Glasses can be a major part of personal image and expression, from Groucho Marx and Buddy Holly to the extravagance of Elton John and Dame Edna Everage. Eyewear became a fashion accessory in the 1950s. Browline glasses were the standard for men in the 1950s and 1960s.
Modern glasses:

Thank you!!!!!!!!!!! Good luck!!!!!!!!!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект «Праздник иностранных языков»

extracted_text:
Праздник иностранных языков
Блохина Светлана Владимировна,
учитель английского языка
МОУ Новолядинской СОШ,
Тамбовского района,
Тамбовской области
В мире говорят на 2700 языках

На английском языке говорят около 400 миллионов человек

Иоганн Вольфганг Гёте:
 «Кто не знает иностранного языка, тот не знает и своего собственного»

Learning English can be fun!
Deutschlernen ist lustig!
The ABC
My favourite toys!

Heinrich Heine

Learning English can be fun!
Deutschlernen ist lustig!
Использованные ресурсы:
Гололобова М.Ю., Казакова О.В., Кужелева В.В., Курникова Л.Н., Маркова А.В., Нестерова С.А., Петрова Н.Н., Попова В.С.,
       Родаева О.Е.
       For fun and profit: Учебно-методическое пособие. – Тамбов: ТОИПКРО, 2004
http://www.photohost.ru
http://www.heineheinrich.org.ru
http://www.loreleyapo.ru
http://www.kanzu.ru
http://www.char.ru
http://www.zastavki.net
http://www.topya.indani.ru
http://english-exam.ru
www.lillu.ru
www.minivega.ru
www.cafemam.ru
http://www.valentine.wauu.ru


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Fruit - Фрукты

extracted_text:
Fruit
apricots
melons
grapes
pears
pineapple
watermelon
lemons
mango
cherry
berries
raspberry
strawberry
gooseberry
cranberry
blueberry
black currant
red currant
white currant
apples
bananas
peach
oranges
plums
grapefruit
tangerine
персики
персики
абрикосы
персики
абрикосы


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект In New York

extracted_text:
Once upon a time, in New York

My house is quite a large flat in the centre of a big city, on the top of a high skyscraper. The project of the flat is called «Once upon a time, in New York», and it is designed in a retro style.

First, we can see a living room. It is a large room decorated with retro pictures, modern wallpaper,a glass door and lamps. In the middle of the room there is a white soft table and a big green sofa with cushions. Near the sofa we can see bookshelves, and there is a TV-set on the wall.

Then, we can go to my bedroom. First ,we can see a big bed with small green cushions and a violet blanket. In the corners there are two armchairs. This room is decorated with Merilin Monroe photos, black curtains, a mirror- lamp and pictures of New York on the wall.

Now, study. This is avery light room, because of a big window and a white ceiling and walls. In front of the window there is a computer and strange black lamps. In the middle we can see a white sofa,a retro photo and modern lamps on the ceiling. On the floor there is a carpet that looks like a tiger.

And what about the kitchen and the bathroom. The kitchen includes a dining room. In the bathroom we can see a beautiful washbasin, made of glass.

I would like to live in that flat because I like  retro style, and I would like to live in a big city and every night to watch something like this picture.
Vlasenco Eugene

E-mail: eugine1@mail.ru

26.04.2010


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Francis Ford Coppola

extracted_text:
Francis Ford Coppola
Slide Show

He won his first Oscars of “Pattonin 1971”
“The God-father Trilogi” which won two Oscars.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Getting to know Ireland

extracted_text:
Eurovision Song Contest
IRELAND
Something which
 is familiar to Everybody
1. Capital –Dublin;
2. Square – 70200 sq. km.;
3. Population – 4 487 000;
4. Official Languages – English and Irish.
?
The other side of Ireland
1.
An old Irish remedy for stomach ache - to swallow a live frog.
Tа cion
agam ort!!!
2.
ST. PATRICK’S DAY
3.
4.
W, X, Y,  Z
J, K, Q, V

DESTINATION CALABRIA
LILIYA KOROTKOVA
EKATERINA BORODINA
IRELAND


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект The “Troubles”

extracted_text:
The “Troubles”
Ethno-political
conflict in Northern Ireland(Ulster):
Great Britain
Local right-wing radical nationalists
VS

GREAT BRITAIN (majority - protestants):
British police
Ulster police
Ulster royalists

NORTHERN IRELAND (majority -catholics):
Irish nationalists (IRA)
VS

It all has began a long time ago…

Ireland became to dependence of Britain in XVI century. There had been started a confiscation of Irish lands and giving it for english settlers. There were no respect for irish people.
In 1801 Ireland became a part of kingdom…but there were no changes in their politics.
 oppressions + crop failure + famine = NUMEROUS ARMED REBELLIONS
1913 – appearance of new national-militaristic organization called irish volunteers, later – Irish Republican Army (IRA). With their help several times there were formed a republic.
This had led todisaffection of Britain. So the conflict turned into the war…

Irish War of Independence1919-1921
21.01.1919 – Irish Republic
   Acts of terror, sabotage        against british police.
10.03.1920 – splint of Ireland: Southern Ireland (Sinn Fein) and Northern Ireland ( Ulster's nationalists)
6.12.1921 – recognizing Irish Republic by Britain; Northern Ireland remained the part of Britain, but people of NI were against it.

In Northern Ireland (by IRA) continued revolts, which were punished brutally with English police, especially at the end of 50th-end of 60th.
In 1969 Britain sent its forces to Ulster. In had sharpen contradictions, also with catholic increasing awareness. But solving crisis obstructed radial parts of IRA (from 1970 – Timely IRA).
10.04.1998 – Belfast Agreement (Good Friday Agreement)
NOWDAYS
Undergrounded actions of right-wing radicals
Clashes
Religional and ethnical inequality
Intolerance


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Great_Britain

extracted_text:
Welcome to Great Britain!
Hello!
We  want  to  take  you  on  an   exciting   journey   through   the   whole   country.

We’ll begin our journey with England  the
largest part of the UK, visiting its regions :
the Southeast, the Southwest, East Anglia,
the Midlands and the North of England.

Get on the double-decker
and off we go!

The Southeast is a highly populated region of England. London, the capital of the UK, and such historical cities as Windsor, Dover and Brighton are situated here. Heathrow  Airport , one of the world’s  busiest airports is  about 33 km west of central London. The County of Kent known as the garden of England is also here.
Most tourists
arrive at this
airport.
.Here you can
enjoy the English
scenery.
Do you
recognise
this clock
tower?

The Southwest is the region where the main activity is farming. It  used to beknown for its pirates and romantic past. The two principal cities of the region areBristol and Bath. The famous Stonehenge, one of remarkable historic places in the UK, issituated here. The most westerly point of Great Britain “ Land’s End” is also in the Southwest.
This is the
Land’s End.

Wow!
What a
cool pirate?
East Anglia is very flat and it is another farming region. It has beautiful cities with fine historicbuildings such as Cambridge. Oliver Cromwell, an English general and politician, later Lord  Protector of England , was born in  the Fens area.
Would
you like
to enter
this university?

This general
was very
brave.
The Midlands, known as the heart of England, is the largest industrial part of the country.The most important industrial cities are Manchester, Sheffield, Liverpool and Birmingham. Stratford-upon-Avon, the birthplace of great William Shakespeare, is also here. Oxford, famous for its university, is another Midlands city.
The
outstanding
“Beatles”
His plays
are real
masterpieces
The North of England is rich in coal, which is important for the country’s  industry.Here you can find deep valleys, rivers and waterfalls, hills and mountains. The main attractions ofthe region are certainly  the Lake District, the cities of York and Newcastle--upon-Tyne.  Many tourists  come here to look at the ruins of Hadrian’s Wall.
The wall
defended the
North border
from the
Scottish tribes.
And this is
the Lake
District


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Ukrainian cuisine

extracted_text:
Ukrainian cuisine
7 most popular Ukrainian dishes
UKRAINIAN COOKING AND FOOD
Ukrainian cooking is varied, rich and nourishing. Its development was influenced by the development of material culture: geographical and climatic conditions, plant cultivation and animal domestication, cultural influences and economic relations with other countries.
Ukrainians adore pickled fruit and berries and some kinds of vegetables
Since ancient times Ukrainians have led a settled style of life based on farming. Archaeological evidence shows that wheat, barley and millet were grown in Ukraine 3000 years ago. Rye was introduced about 2000 years ago, and then buckwheat was imported from Asia in the 11th century. Cattle, sheep, hogs and poultry were raised at that time too. Beekeeping, hunting and fishing were practised.
Herring under fur coat is extremely popular , especially for a New Year celebration.
Since long ago bread has had a special, primary position in the great variety of Ukrainian food. Besides ordinary bread Ukrainians bake various ritual types of bread. Ukrainian bread in its multiform has become quite famous. For the common people bread is an object of reverence. Bread is used to bring divine blessings to the commencement of every task, marriage ceremony, birth of a child and move to a new home. As a sign of hospitality, guests of honour are greeted with a ceremonial offering of bread and salt
Pelmeny (stuffed dumplings) and vareniky are the essential part of Ukrainian cuisine. The fillings can vary , beginning from any kind of meat and ending with fruit –filled dumplings which are served cold with sour cream or honey.
Meat is Ukrainians’ favourite. At the risk of offending vegetarians, a description of the Ukrainian cuisine would be incomplete without salo – pork  lard.See the recipe of roasted pork.

Cooked cereals - wheat, barley, buckwheat, millet, or corn grits — are often served in Ukrainian homes.
Favourite dishes made of flour are dumplings and 'varenyky" with various types of filling: cheese, potatoes, ;cabbage, meat, buckwheat, berries.
Potatoes
Potato is the most commonly used vegetable in Ukrainian cooking. It is a necessary component of all soups, particularly borsch and cabbage soup. Boiled or baked potatoes are served with meat, fish, cheese, cabbage, mushrooms. Potato pancakes are served with sour cream. Another important element in Ukrainian cuisine  cabbage: for making cabbage soup and cabbage rolls (holubtsi), which are filled with buckwheat, rice or meat. Other vegetables such as onions, garlic, carrots, turnips are usually eaten raw. Cucumbers, cabbage, tomatoes and beets are pickled for winter.
Borshch.
According to the Ukrainian tradition soup or borsch must be served for dinner. Various soups are popular, but borsch remains the favorite. It is made of vegetables, .among which beets and cabbage are predominant.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Where is SpongeBob?

extracted_text:
Where is SpongeBob?
Презентация для 2 класса на тему: «Предлоги»
Подготовила: учитель английского языка МБОУ СОШ №6 г.Ноябрьска
Кирчу Лариса Сергеевна
He is on the chair

He is on the sofa
Where is he?
He is under the table
Where is he?
He is in the big car
Не is near the ball
He is in the small car

Where is SpongeBob?(translate)

под стулом
рядом с поездом
на Красной планете
в сумке


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект My favorite artist is Edgar Degas

extracted_text:
My favorite artist is
Edgar Degas
He was a French painter, impressionist.
Degas was born into a family that came from an aristocratic family.
The Millinery Shop
Desire to paint near Degas began to
manifest in childhood.
Already in the beginning of his long creative way Degas was an artist who, like joking, just selecting a picture, you can stop working on it.
"Program for an Artistic Soiree"
Many paintings by Degas devoted
 ballet, horse racing.
Before the Race
Blue dancer
See ballerina - say Degas.
Degas say - you see a ballerina.
The Dance Class
Dancer with a Bouquet of Flowers
Dancers at The Bar
6673 Degas - asteroid
named after the artist.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Ralph Waldo Emerson(1803 –1882 )

extracted_text:
Ralph Waldo Emerson(1803 –1882 )
   Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts on May 25, 1803, son of Ruth Haskins and the Rev.  Ralph Waldo was the second of five sons. The young father died from stomach cancer on May 12, 1811, less than two weeks before Emerson's eighth birthday.
Emerson's formal schooling began at the Boston Latin School in 1812 when he was nine.  Emerson served as Class Poet; as was custom, he presented an original poem on Harvard's Class Day, a month before his official graduation on August 29, 1821, when he was 18.

Emerson met his first wife, Ellen Louisa Tucker, in Concord, New Hampshire on Christmas Day, 1827, and married her when she was 18.The couple moved to Boston, with Emerson's mother Ruth moving with them to help take care of Ellen, who was already sick with tuberculosis.  Less than two years later, Ellen died at the age of 20 on February 8, 1831 .
In the 1830s Emerson gave lectures that he afterward published in essay form. These essays, particularly “Nature” (1836), embodied his newly developed philosophy. “The American Scholar,” based on a lecture that he gave in 1837, encouraged American authors to find their own style instead of imitating their foreign predecessors.
Emerson’s later work, such as The Conduct of Life (1860), favored a more moderate balance between individual nonconformity and broader societal concerns. Continued to lecture across the country throughout the 1860s.
As a lecturer and orator, Emerson—nicknamed the Concord Sage—became the leading voice of intellectual culture in the United States.
Starting in 1867, Emerson's health began declining; he wrote much less in his journals. Emerson's Concord home caught fire on July 24, 1872; Emerson called for help from neighbors and, giving up on putting out the flames, all attempted to save as many objects as possible. In late 1874 Emerson published an anthology of poetry called Parnassus
Emerson died on April 27, 1882,in Concord. His beliefs and his idealism were strong influences on the work of his protégé Henry David Thoreau and his contemporary Walt Whitman, as well as numerous others. His writings are considered major documents of 19th-century American literature, religion and thought.
Works
Nature; Addresses and Lectures (1849)
Representative Men (1850)
English Traits (1856)
The Conduct of Life (1860)
Society and Solitude (1870)
Letters and Social Aims (1876)
"Nature" (1836)
"Self-Reliance"
"Circles"
"The Poet"
"The American Scholar"
"New England Reformers"

Poems
"Concord Hymn"
"The Rhodora"
"Brahma"
"Uriel"
"The Snow-Storm (poem)"

Thanks for your attention!

Margarita Smetanina 11-B | 2013 Lviv


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Laboratory for Internet studies

extracted_text:
LABORATORY FOR INTERNET STUDIES

www.linis.ru

PEOPLE
Peter Meylakhs,
Sociologist,
Senior researcher
Sergei  Koltcov,
Physicist, technical director
Svetlana Bodrunova,
Media  scholar,
Invited researcher
Tatiana Yefimova,
PhD student in political science,
intern

Andrey Scherbak,
Political scientist,
Invited researcher
Yury Rykov,
PhD student in sociology,
intern

Daria
Yudenkova
Administrative director
Sergey Nikolenko,
Mathematician,
Senior researcher

Olessia Koltsova,
Head of laboratory
Anastasia  Shimorina,
Computer linguist,
Junior researcher

LAB’S THREE CORNERSTONES
Big Internet data
Diverse methods & tools
Social science research questions and goals

DATA1: LIVEJOURNAL
 Koltran BLOGMINER mines posts, comments and user metadata

DATA2: VKontakte SOCIAL NETWORK

	LINIS VKMiner mines friendship egonetworks, friendship networks of VK communities and....

DATA2: VKontakte SOCIAL NETWORK

…and message boards of VK communities (posts, comments, likes, user metadata).

TOOLS & METHODS 1
	Text mining: topic modeling with LINIS TopicMiner

Screenshot

TOOLS & METHODS 2
Text mining: sentiment analysis

Russian language tools still need to be developed

Sentiment lexicon will be constructed and tested with SentiStregth (Thelwall)
TOOLS & METHODS 3
Network analysis

	Many tools exist, but most do not process data of our scale

	Community detection with Louvain  source code

RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND GOALS 1
Online public agenda: topical structure of the Russian blogosphere and influence of national elections 2011-2012 on it
	(finished project)

RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND GOALS 3
	Online public opinion: revealing topics that arouse social tension through sentiment analysis
	(pilot project finished;
	main project planned)

“Neanderthals are now in your backyard” (a picture from a blog post concerning Muslims slaughtering sheep for Kurban-Bayram in Moscow
RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND GOALS 3
	Comment-based communities, their topical coherence and authorship homogenity
	(finished project)

RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND GOALS 4
	Network structure and leadership in VK communities of social movements

Influentials and suscep-tibles in destructive com-munities: perspectives for Internet interventions
THANK YOU!
Text
Text
Text


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект African youth

extracted_text:
African  youth

Young people in the Africa have their problems and hobbies. I tell about some of them.
Africa's biggest problem is hunger. Every year thousands of people die.
Most scientists think the birthplace of AIDS Africa.
Education young people in Africa are not up to the mark.
Sports in Africa is presented different kinds of sports.
The most popular sport is football.
Despite the poverty, hunger and illness Africans are cheerful and friendly.
The end


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Genomes & Genomics

extracted_text:
Genomes & Genomics
Genome, the entire genetic complement of an organism
Genomics, research that addresses all or a substantial portion of an organism’s genome
Includes physical mapping & sequencing of all or a large part of a genome or chromosome
Why Study Genomes of Different Organisms?
To understand the genetics behind diseases 		       (Homo sapien & Canis familiarus)
To learn more about human pathogens & how to prevent or treat their infections 					           (Clostridium tetani, Bacillus anthacis, & Haemophilus influenzae)
Understand & improve the genetics of commercial organisms (Lactococcus lactis, Oryza sativa, Bos taurus, & Gallus gallus)
To discover the workings of unusual or odd organisms (Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus & Deinococcus radiodurans)
To understand phyolegeny
How Many Genomes Have Been Sequenced?
		Completed	Draft		In Progress
Eukaryote	  24		129		182
Archaea	  46		4		27
Eubacteria	  521		414		402
Viral		  1703
						(NCBI 9/4/07)

How Do We Measure a Genome?

	1 base=1 nucleotide=1basepair (bp)
	1000bases=1kilobase (Kb)
	1000kb=1megabase (Mb)
	1000mb=1gigabase (Gb)

Genome Sizes (haploid)
Organism			Genome in Mb
E. coli				4.64
Yeast				12
Nematode			97
Fruit Fly			170
Pufferfish			345
Human			3200
Lungfish			129000
105	106	107	108	109       1010      1011       1012
basepairs
Amount of DNA in a Genome Does Not Correlate with Complexity

http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/publicat/primer/fig14.html

http://www.chromosome18.org/graphics/Slide.gif
http://uk.encarta.msn.com/media_121636626/Fruit_Fly_Chromosomes.html
Genomes Are Organized Into Chromosomes
Human
Fruit Fly

Chromosome Number Is Species Specific
		Diploid Number 2n
Human		46
Mouse			40
Fruit Fly		8
Dog			78
Arabidopsis		10
Corn			20
Yeast			32
Crayfish		200
How many genes do we have?
Original estimate was between 50 000 to 100 000 genes
We now think human have ~ 25 000 genes
How does this compare to other organisms?
Mice have ~30 000 genes
Pufferfish have ~35 000 gene
The nematode (C. elegans), has ~19 000
Yeast (S. cerevisiae) there are ~6000 genes
The microbe responsible for tuberculosis has ~4000
http://www.mun.ca/biology/desmid/brian/BIOL2250/Week_Two/genespac.jpg
Gene Spacing in Various Species
Even the Amount of DNA a Gene Spans Differs Amongst Species
Comparative Genomics
Yeast
 70 human genes are known to repair mutations in yeast
Nearly all we know about cell cycle and cancer comes from studies of yeast
Advantages:
fewer genes (6000)
few introns
 31% of yeast genes give same products as human homologues
Drosophila
 nearly all we know of how mutations affect gene function come from Drosophila studies
We share 50% of their genes
61% of genes mutated in 289 human diseases are found in fruit flies
68% of genes associated with cancers are found in fruit flies
Knockout mutants
Homeobox genes
C. elegans
 959 cells in the nervous system
 131 of those programmed for apoptosis
 apoptosis involved in several human genetic neurological disorders
Alzheimers
Huntingtons
Parkinsons
Mouse
 known as “mini” humans
Very similar physiological systems
Share 90% of their genes
What is the rest of the human genome made up of?
Regulatory regions of DNA that turn genes on or off
Repetitive DNA sequences:
	Tandem Repetitive Sequences (~10%)
		Microsatellite DNA: 2 to 4bp long repeats
		Minisatellite DNA: 20bp or longer repeats
		Macrosatellite DNA: megabase long repeats
	 Transposable elements  SINEs and LINEs  35%
		 Retroviral fossils
Genetic vs. Physical Mapping
Genetic mapping based on genetic techniques, maps show the positions of diseases or traits based on recombination frequencies
Genetic techniques include cross-breeding experiments or, the examination of family histories (pedigrees)

Physical mapping uses molecular biology techniques to examine DNA molecules directly to construct maps showing the positions of sequence features, including genes
Physical techniques include DNA restriction enzyme analysis & fluorescent tagging of chromosomal regions
http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/graphics/slides/images/98-1455.jpg
Genetic Map showing the location of disease genes on human chromosome 4
Human chromosomes stained to show bands of different DNA
These bands are the roughest markers for physical mapping
Fluorescent Labeling of Chromosomes
http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/FISH_chromosome_painting.htm
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=hmg.figgrp.1556
Types of Physical Maps
For Chromosome 21
http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~patafordgenealogy/images/usmaphyperlinks.jpg
http://socialstudies.ccswebacademy.net/CivicsEconomicsJenkins/images/Map_Outline_US_Outline.jpg

The more markers better the resolution, the more useful the map
DNA Sequencing
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis can resolve ssDNA molecules that differ in length by just one nucleotide
A banding pattern is produced after separation of ssDNA molecules by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

Automatic Sequencing Machines use fluorescent dyes
Fluorescent Dye Dideoxy-sequencing
http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/graphics/slides/ttseqfacility.html
DNA Sequencers in Action
First Complete Sequence of a Free-Living Organism
1995, the Haemophilus influenzae genome sequenced
Genome size=1830 kb
1st genome sequenced using the shotgun method
28,643 sequencing experiments totaling 11,631,485 bp
This equaled 6x the length of the H. influenzae genome
Sequence assembly 30 hrs on a computer with 512 Mb of RAM
Resulted in 140 lengthy contiguous sequences
Each sequence contig represented, non-overlapping portion of the genome
1st  proposed by the DoE 1984
By 1990, the Human Genome Project was launched
The Human Genome Organization (HUGO) was founded to provide a forum for international coordination of genomic research
The program was proposed to include:
The creation of genetic & physical maps to be used in the generation of a complete genome sequence
Human Genome Project
First Steps of the Human Genome Project

1) Construct genetic & physical maps of the haploid human & mouse genomes
These would provide key tools for identification of disease genes and anchoring points for genomic sequence
2) Sequence the yeast and worm genomes, as well as targeted regions of mammalian genomes
Sequencing Plan of HUGO
1) Isolate each human chromosome
2) Physical mapping of each chromosome
	The banding pattern of visible through staining
	Location of known genes already mapped
	Location of restriction enzyme sites
Chromosome fragmented into large pieces of DNA and inserted into BAC or YAC libraries
Fragments overlap such that they can be ordered into a rough assembly of the chromosome

DNA from 5 humans
2 males, 3 females
2 caucasians, one each of asian, african, hispanic

Each YAC or BAC is fragmented into smaller 1 to 2 kb pieces of DNA which are sequenced
Each of these fragments slightly overlaps with each other
A computer takes the DNA sequences & looks for regions of overlap these are connected to form a sequence contig for the entire BAC or YAC
The sequence of all the YACs or BACs are assembled through the same process to give the sequence of the chromosome
This is repeated for all 22 chromosomes plus the X & Y
Hierarchical Shotgun Approach
http://www.genome.ou.edu/3653/3653-101705.html
Separate Individual Chromosomes
http://www.csmc.edu/csri/korenberg/chroma11.html
Chromosome 11 BACs
1999, Celera Genomics, set out to sequence the human genome using a whole-genome shotgun method - more riskier - goal to patent some seq.
There would be no isolation of individual chromosomes & no subcloning into BACs or YACs
They skipped straight to the 1 to 2 kb fragments
The $300 million Celera effort was intended to proceed at a faster pace and at a fraction of the cost of the roughly $3 billion HUGO project.

Dr. Craig Venter (founder) Celera Genomics
Human Genome Whole-Genome Shotgun Method

14.8-billion bp of DNA sequence was generated over 9 months
This equaled 5x the human genome
Resulting sequence contigs spanned >99% of the genome
In March 2000, President Clinton announced that the genome sequences could not be patented, and should be made freely available to all researchers. The statement sent Celera's stock plummeting.
The competition proved to be very good for the project, spurring the public groups to modify their strategy in order to accelerate progress.
In February 2001 Celera Genomics published their draft of the human genome in the journal Science
The same month HUGO published its draft of the human genome in the journal Nature
The rivals initially agreed to pool their data, but the agreement fell apart when Celera refused to deposit its data in the unrestricted public database GeneBank.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=genomes.figgrp.6211
Hierarchical Shotgun Approach
Whole-Genome Shotgun Approach
Celera took multiple copies of the genome fragmented them into 1 to 2kb fragments which where sequenced without concern for what chromosome they belonged to

What did they learn?
1.1% of the genome is spanned by exons
24% is in introns
75% of the genome is intergenic DNA
A random pair of human haploid genomes differs on average at a rate of 1 bp per 1250 bp
Preliminary Functional Analysis of >26 000 genes
>12 000 (41%) have no known function
S. Barnum, 2005 Biotechnology, An Introduction. Brookes/Cole
Diploid Genome Sequence of an Individual Human
On September 4th, 2007, a team led by Craig Venter, published his (ovn) complete DNA sequence, unveiling the six-billion-letter genome of a single individual for the first time.
44% of known genes had one or more alterations
>0.5% variation between two haploid genomes

How Do We Differ?
Total of 4.1 million DNA variations
3.2 million single nucleotide changes
53,800 block substitutions (2 to 206bp)
292,000 heterozygous insertion/deletions (1 to 571bp)
559,000 homozygous insertion/deletions (1 to 82,711bp)
90 inversions
Numerous duplications & copy number variations
The UCSC Genome Browser
The browser takes you from early maps of the genome . . .
. . . to a multi-resolution view . . .

. . . at the gene cluster level . . .

. . . the single gene level . . .

. . . the single exon level . . .

. . . and at the single base level
 caggcggactcagtggatctggccagctgtgacttgacaag
 caggcggactcagtggatctagccagctgtgacttgacaag

Other –omics
Proteomics
Transcriptomics
Metabolomics
Glycomics
Epigenomics
Metagenomics


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект УМК «Happy English.ru»

extracted_text:
pptcloud.ru
Тематическое содержание разделов учебника Happy English.ruВсе разделы объединены  единой  смысловой направленностью.Тинэйджер - его увлечения, интересы, проблемы.
1.    Нью-Йорк глазами подростка
2.    Молодежная мода - одежда как отражение внутреннего мира
3.    Здоровый образ жизни - здоровое питание
4.    Взаимоотношения в семье – родители и дети
5.    Лос Анжелес глазами подростка –  описание фильма, дорога к успеху
6.    Работа для подростка – как найти работу летом,  адекватная самооценка

Социокультурный компонент
Un 2 p. 73
1.    Знакомство с новым лексическим, грамматическим и страноведческим материалом.
2.    Повторение пройденного в 5-8 классах грамматического материала.  (роль WB)
3.    Повторение пройденного в 5-8 классах лексического материала.

В отличие от 8 класса в 9 классе темы, предлагаемые учащимся, фактически не являются  новыми: базовая лексика по данным темам уже предъявлялась учащимся в том или ином контексте  в учебниках 5- 8 класса. Таким образом, уже изученная лексика является основой не только для построения тематических высказываний, но и для более полноценного участия в ситуациях реального общения.
Лексический материал
Город / Еда
Достопримечательности  Нью Йорка и Вашингтона
Умение ориентироваться в городе
Еда
Здоровое питание

· Как сделать заказ в ресторане

Одежда/ Внешность / Покупки
 Одежда и индивидуальность
 Выбор и покупка одежды
 Направления молодежной моды

Семья/ Дружба / Взаимоотношения с одноклассниками
Взаимоотношения с братьями и сестрами
Взаимоотношения с родителями
Конфликты и пути их решения

Выбор профессии 5 кл., 8 кл.
·  Как работать с объявлениями о приеме на работу
·  Как правильно оценивать свои возможности
·  Какими качествами нужно обладать, чтобы быть     принятым на работу
·       Работа летом

Мотивация учащихся, их заинтересованность и активное участие в коммуникации, то есть в обсуждении предлагаемых тем и вопросов, обеспечивается за счет актуальности предлагаемых тем.
       Нью-Йорк глазами подростка
·       Молодежная мода - одежда как отражение внутреннего мира
·       Здоровый образ жизни - здоровое питание
·       Взаимоотношения в семье – родители и дети
·       Лос Анжелес глазами подростка – увлекательные фильмы, дорога к успеху
·       Работа для подростка – как найти работу летом,  адекватная самооценка

Мотивация учащихся
Survival English

·       Как воспользоваться медстраховкой, приехав в США
·  Как ориентироваться в Нью – Йорке и других крупных городах США
·  Как сделать заказ в ресторане
·  Как совершать покупки в американских магазинах
·  Как работать с объявлениями о приеме на работу и правильно оценивать свои возможности

    Создается условно-речевая ситуация, в рамках которой учащиеся применяют полученные знания

Лексическое разнообразие высказываний
·       включение в речь фразовых глаголов
·       рубрика verb activator
·       наличие опор речевого характера
    рубрика Conversation bricks ( Un 4 p. 129)
          повторение способов словообразования Un 1 Les. 5 p. 25 - 28
·       введение и целенаправленная отработка с целью использования        в речи  большего, по сравнению с предыдущими классами, количества прилагательных
·       использования более сложных, не только лексических, но и грамматических структур

Новый грамматический материал 9 кл.
·       Косвенная речь
·       Согласование времен
·       Сложное дополнение
·       Сослагательное наклонение
·       Употребление артикля
Спецификой УМК при работе над грамматикой остается отработка нового грамматического материала в ситуациях тематического общения данного раздела на том же лексическом и фактическом материале.
Unit 4 p. 113, 116, 117
Повторение грамматического материала
Повторение грамматического материала осуществляется в системе языковых и речевых упражнений в контексте изучаемой темы
Unit 1 p. 20, 21( streets, avenues)
Unit 3 p. 91- 93 ( some, few)


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

extracted_text:
Full name of country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The capital of Britain is London.
Tower Bridge is a London's famous landmark and a must see sight for all 	London's visitor.

St. Paul`s Cathedral is the biggest English church
Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London.
Oxford is one of the oldest University in all over   the world. It was founded in 1117. But now it`s still very popular. Famous people which were studing in University of Oxford:  Oscar Wilde, Jonathan Swift, Margaret Thatcher, Edward VII  and Edward VIII – two future Kings of the United Kingdom and other.
The Cambridge is also well-known University.It was founded in 1209.
	  Everyone knows that tea is the most popular drink in Britain. It's even more popular than coffee, which is favoured throughout Europe and America. In 5 o'clock all the the British take a break and go to drink tea. Most people in Britain prefer a rich, strong cup of tea with milk, and sugar is sometimes added to taste.

 Double decker 		bus is
also an important part of this country

&
Lots of

AND
WILL WAIT FOR YOU!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Приключения в Англии

extracted_text:
Наши приключения в Англии
Все началось с полета…
Наша команда
Состав делегации:

Гасумова Светлана Евгеньевна
Гриценко Елена Александровна
Гурей Юлия 3 курс
Захаров Михаил 3 курс
Смольникова Дарья 4 курс
Черемных Ольга 3 курс
Мы посетили:
		1. County Hall
		2. Age UK
		3. Domestic violence
		4. GARAS
		5. St Paul’s Hostel for homeless 	people

Здесь мы жили
Также мы посетили:
Лекции с местными студентами
Театр в Малверне
Кафедральный собор Вустера
Экологическое кафе
Оксфорд
Лондон
Лекции с местными студентами
Театр в Малверне
Кафедральный собор
Майкл в Кафедральном соборе
Экологическое кафе

Оксфорд
Прокатились на Лондон Ай
И завершилось полетом…


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект 1

extracted_text:
ОСЕННИЙ ПРАЗДНИК
«Осень-несмеяна»


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Міфологічний жанр

extracted_text:
Міфологічний жанр

 С.Боттічеллі Народження Венери
 Один із найдавніших жанрів, що виокремився з історичного, є міфологічний жанр.
Сюжети давніх міфів і легенд у всіх видах мистецтва були улюбленою темою художників різних країн і різних епох.  Вони привертають увагу своєю загадковість. Їх зміст не завжди зрозумілий нам через брак знань про міфи.
Італійський художник XV ст. зображує чарівну золотоволосу Венеру, яка на величезній хвилі підпливає до берега.

П.Печорний Кирило Кожум’яка
Битва героя зі змією-один з найпоширеніших сюжетів міфів і легенд. Героями їх є і Св. Георгій (Юрій у багатьох народів Європи) і Скандинавський Сігурд, і слов’янський Микита Кожум’яка.
 Юрій – змієборець.  Давньоруська ікона XV ст.
 Рафаель. Св.Георгій, що бореться з драконом
І.Нестеренко
Георгій Побідоносець
С.Боттічеллі. Афіна і кентавр.
    За грецькою міфологією Афіна – богині війни і мудрості, покровителька мистецтв.
Список використаної літератури
Програма для загальноосвітніх навчальних
    закладів «Образотворче мистецтво» (авт.
    Бєлкіна Е.В. та ін.). 6-7 класи. Перун, ж-л „Мистецтво та освіта”, (№ 1, 2).-2005
Е.В.Белкіна, Ж.С.Марчук. Образотворче мистецтво. 6 клас.-Київ.: Навчальна книга.2006.
И.Р.Кириевский. «Мифы древних славян».-Харьков.:Белгород.:«Клуб семейного досуга». 2009.
Л.М.Масол, С.А,Ничкало, Г.І.Веселовська, О.І.Оніщенко. Художня культура України.-Київ.:Вища школа.2006.
http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki

Автор: Абалакова Людмила Валентинівна,  Канівська загальноосвітня школа І-ІІІ ступенів № 1 імені Т.Г.Шевченка, Канівської міської ради Черкаської області, вчитель образотворчого мистецтва


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Enjoy_English_

extracted_text:
“Enjoy English”
The first task!
Is Present Simple so simple?
The second task!
Who is there?
The third task!

Sniper!
The fourth task!
Funny quiz!
10
10
20
20
30
20
20
20
10
10
10
30
30
30
30
10
20
30

There is a window.

There are cups.

There isn’t  a chair.

There are tables.

There is carpet.

There aren’t telephones .

Здесь есть  посудомоечная машина.

Здесь есть плита.

Здесь есть растения.

Здесь нет радио.

Здесь нет раковин.

Здесь есть  холодильники.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Stupka Bogdan Sylvestrovych

extracted_text:
Stupka Bogdan Sylvestrovych
 27. August 1941 in Kulykiw † 22. Juli 2012 in Kiew
Schauspieler geboren 27. August 1941 in das Dorf. Kulikov in Lviv, die damals unter der deutschen Besatzung war und in dem Distrikt Galizien im Generalgouvernement entfernt.
Gewöhnt an Szenen seiner Familie: Sein Vater sang im Chor der L'Opera, war der Bruder meiner Mutter in der gleichen Solistin und Tante - die wichtigsten Begleiter.
Hinter den Kulissen des Theaters Bogdan Stupka gesehen und gehört von vielen berühmten Sängerinnen der Nachkriegszeit, darunter Ivan Koslowski und Sergei Lemeshev.
Biografie
Stupka trat in über hundert Film- und über fünfzig Theaterrollen auf. Er war Träger der Auszeichnungen Volkskünstler der UdSSR und Verdienter Künstler der Ukraine sowie des ukrainischen Taras-Schewtschenko-Nationalpreises. Am 23. August 2011 wurde ihm zudem der Titel Held der Ukraine verliehen. Von 1999 bis 2001 war Stupka Kulturminister der Ukraine.Danach leitete er da sAkademische Ukrainische Dramatische Nationaltheater „Iwan Franko“ in Kiew.
Werdegang
22. Juli 2012 Bogdan Stupka nach langer Krankheit am einundsiebzigsten Lebensjahr starb um 6:45 im Krankenhaus "Feofaniya" . 24. Juli 2012 im Theater nach Ivan Franko Zeremonie Abschied von dem Schauspieler benannt.  Nach seinem Sohn, Ostap, Todesursache war ein Herzinfarkt gegen Knochenkrebs gestartet.
Bogdan Stupka würde eines Tages mit seiner Mutter Maria Stupka, der am Abend des 23. bis 24. JULI 2007 übergeben sterben.

Begraben in Kiew Baikove Friedhof
Sterben


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Digital watch

extracted_text:
Digital watch

Wristlet watch
Desktop digital watch

Thank you for attention!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Tetyana Yablonska

extracted_text:
Tetyana Yablonska
1917 - 2005
Biography
Yablonska was born in Smolensk,Russia.Her father was a  famous teacher.In 1928 their family moved to Luhantsk,Ukraine She studied at the  Kiev State Institute of Art .She worked very productively until the very end of her life, reportedly painting her last pastel etude on the very day of her death. She elected as Member of parliament of USSR in 1951–58, became member of the Ukrainian Artists' Union in 1944, member of the board of the USSR Artists' Union in 1963, member of the Academy of Art of the USSR in 1975.

Her early vital pictures are devoted to work and a life of Ukrainian people. She has passed to generalizing images of the nature, differing a subtlety of plastic and color rhythms.
“Fog”,1986
She has had more that 30 private exhibitions in London,Moscow, Budapest, Kiev and other cities.
She has had many honors including :
“Peoples Artists of the USSR" in 1982,
"Artist of Year" (UNESCO) in 1997,
"Woman of Year“ (Cambrige,2000)
She was the winner of the USSR State Prize (Stalin prize: 1949, 1951 and State Prize: 1979), winner of the Shevchenko State Prize of Ukraine (1998).
She died June 17 of 2005 in Kiev,from long illness.
Tatyana Yablonsky’s works
The portrait of her daughter,
1943
self-portraits(1944-1945)
“Beautiful  Kiyv”,1987
“The Grad Channel,Venice”,1977
“Evening in the old Florence”,1973
“Italy”,1977
“The flax”,1977
“The flax”,1977
“Women harvest”,no year
“Mallows”,1975 and “Flowers in the bouquet “,1979


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Использование анг. взаимствованний

extracted_text:
Использование англоязычных заимствований на страницах российской прессы
Автор: Трофимова Оксана Ивановна
   		Функциональное развитие языка обусловлено многочисленными процессами, происходящие в нем. Одним из таких процессов является проникновение англоязычных заимствований в русский язык. В связи с интенсивным проникновением англицизмов, в русском языке появляются новые слова, которые мы слышим и произносим ежедневно. Они становятся незаменимой частью нашего общения и быта, тем самым, заменяя русские слова.
Актуальность исследования

изучить литературу по данному вопросу, исследовать способы образования англицизмов и употребление в российской прессе
Цель исследования:
1.Количественный и смысловой анализ российской прессы.
2.Проведение лингвистического анализа языковых средств, т.е. англицизмов в российских СМИ.
3.Определить роль, функции и значение использования англицизмов в российских газетах.

Методы научного исследования
является российская пресса
Объектом исследования
англоязычные слова (англицизмы), пришедшие из английского языка в русский, и их использование в российских средствах массовой информации
Предмет исследования:
заключается в том, в какой степени англицизмы используются в российских СМИ
Гипотеза исследования
Выяснить причины заимствования англицизмов в современном и   русском языке.

Определить виды англоязычных заимствований, и какие из них чаще употребляются в СМИ.
ЗАДАЧИ:
Англицизмы – это слова, заимствованные из английской лексики. Англицизмы по способу образования подразделяются на:
1.Прямые заимствования
			2.Гибриды
3.Калька
			4.Полукалька
5.Экзотизмы
			6.Иноязычные вкрапления
7.Композиты
			8.Жаргонизмы
weekend - выходные

shop - шоп (магазин)

image - имидж

deodorant - дезодорант

peeling - пилинг

paparazzi - папарацци
Прямые заимствования
to ask - аскать

to busy - бузить

to render - рендеритъ

Гибриды
physiology – физиология

college – колледж

nerve – нерв

chromosome – хромосома

appetite - аппетит
Калька

to connect – коннектиться
to chat – чатиться, общаться
to consult – консультироватся
 to click – кликать
to play - плэить(играть)
Полукалька

hot-dog – хот - дог

cream soda – крем - сода

gin and tonic – джин - тоник

hamburger - гамбургер
Экзотизмы

wow – вау

bravo – браво

yeah – да
Иноязычные вкрапления
second-hand – секонд - хенд

big lunch – биг ланч

press release – пресс-релиз

web design – веб-дизайн

video clip - видео-клип
Композиты
crazy – крезанутый

clever – клевый

cool – кульный

gamer – геймер
Жаргонизмы
3. Изучить особенности средств массовой информации
  		Задачей газетно-публицистического стиля является информирование читателя и воздействие на него, причем последнее журналисты достигают путем использования заимствованных англоязычных слов в своих статьях.

Сравнительный анализ часто встречающихся англицизмов на страницах российских газет:

Использование англицизмов в газетном стиле становится более престижным, чем русские слова. Экспрессия его новизны притягательна, оно может подчеркивать высокий уровень информативности говорящего.

Вывод:
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