title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Сравнение грамматики английского и русского языка

extracted_text:
Сравнение грамматикианглийского и русского языка

     Грамматика (др. греч. γςαμματικη от γςαμμα – «буква») - является разделом языкознания, который изучает грамматический строй языка, закономерности построения правильных осмысленных речевых отрезков на этом языке.

Система частей речи
Знаменательные
существительное
прилагательное
глагол
наречие
местоимение
числительное

Служебные
союзы
предлоги
частицы
артикли
различные вспомогательные слова
и т.д.
Существительное
 - самостоятельная часть речи, обозначающая предмет , имеющая категорию рода и изменяющаяся по падежам и числам.
Категория числа
единственное / множественное число
    - книга – книги             - a book – books
    - роза – розы                - a rose – roses
неисчисляемые существительные
     - снег                            - snow
     - деньги                        - money

 много, немного              much, a little, little
мало

собирательные существительные
     - мебель                     - furniture
     - народ                      - people
существительные, имеющие форму лишь множественного числа
     а) парные предметы:
         - ножницы             - scissors
         - брюки                  - trousers
      b) объекты, состоящие из множества элементов
         - часы                     - goods
         - отбросы              - dregs

Категория падежа
Русский язык
6 падежей
Падежи характерны для всех существительных, независимо от их значения

Английский язык
2 падежа (общий, притяжательный)
Притяжательный падеж характерен, в основном,  для одушевленных существительных

Исключения (для неодушевленных существ.)
для географических названий (звезды, планеты, города, страны, моря и т.д.)
        - the moon’s light               - the ocean’s waves
для названий транспортных средств и их деталей
        - the plane’s engine            - the steamer’s name
для названий меры длины или времени
        - an hour’s walk                  - a mile’s distance

Категория рода
Русский язык
Соотнесение с местоимением 3л. ед.ч. (он/она/оно)
В большинстве случаев родовая принадлежность зависит от типа окончания слова
     - женский род -а: доска, вода;
     - мужской род – твердый согласный: стол, дом;
     - средний род – о/е: окно, море.

Английский язык
Соотнесение с местоимением 3л. ед.ч. (he/she/it)
Род чаще всего выявляется по лексическому значению или по контексту
     - женский род: girl, aunt, duck;
     - мужской род: boy, uncle, drake;
     - средний род: book, pen
       + baby, cat, dog -  заменяются на it

Окончание на мягкий согласный
    - женский род: пыль, грусть;
    - мужской род: путь, хрусталь
Наличие общего рода ( и мужской, и женский род)
      - parent        -child
      - enemy       - teacher
Словообразовательные средства для образования женского рода
    a) суффикс –ess (actress, poetess, lioness)
    b) сложные слова (boyfriend, grandmother)
Категория                       определенности-неопределенности
Русский язык
Использование сочетания существительного с неопределенным или указательным местоимением (какой-то, какой-нибудь, этот, тот)
    - Хочу посмотреть какой-нибудь фильм
    - Мне нравится фильм «Мулен Руж»

Английский язык
Использование артиклей (a/an, the)
   - I want to see a movie
   - I like the movie «Moulin Rouge»
Прилагательное
Русский язык
Согласуется с существительным (по роду числу и падежу)
     - солнечный день
     - хорошая погода
Наличие краткой формы прилагательного
     - мальчик был  умен
Английский язык
Не согласуется с существительным
      - sunny day
      - good weather
Отсутствует краткая форма прилагательного
 - часть речи, обозначающая качество, свойство или принадлежность
Слова категории состояния
Русский язык
Легко, холодно, тепло,  хорошо и т.д.
Английский язык
Awake, asleep, afraid, apart и т.д.
- обозначают некоторое состояние (в достаточно широком смысле.
Глагол
 - часть речи, обозначающая действие или состояние и изменяющаяся по временам, числам, лицам (в настоящем времени) и родам (в прошедшем времени, для русского языка)
Категория залога
Залог:
    а) действительный – подлежащее обозначает объект действия, а дополнение – объект действия
     - Джек построил дом     - Jack built a house
    b) страдательный – подлежащее обозначает объект действия
      - Дом был построен       -  A house was built
Наклонения глагола
  Прямые наклонения
    a)Изъявительное (представляет действие как реальный факт)
     I know you write such things in your notebook – Я знаю, что ты записываешь такие вещи в блокнот
    b) Повелительное (выражает побуждение к действию)
    Write it in your notebook – Запиши это в блокноте
Условное
     If he were in town now, he would call me –
     Если б он был в городе, он бы позвонил мне

Категория времен
 -  Грамматическая категория времени показывает, как говорящее лицо определяет временное отношение высказывания к моменту речи. Все то, что происходило до момента речи, относится к прошедшим временам в грамматике, а то, что будет происходить после момента речи, - к будущим, наконец, все совершающееся в момент речи - к настоящему времени в грамматике.
Настоящее время
   - Я учусь в университете     - I study in University
Прошедшее время
   - Вчера мне звонил друг
   - My friend called me yesterday
Будущее время
    - Я пойду в кино завтра
    - I will go to cinema tomorrow
     В английском языке выделяются  отдельные  виды времен, которые в  русском языке не выделяются как отдельные виды например:
Настоящее длительное
   - I’m watching this film now
Прошедшее длительное
   - I was cooking dinner when she came
Будущее длительное
    - You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
А  также и различные перфектные формы (результат действия)
    В русском языке глаголы совершенного вида соответствуют перфектам в английском языке

Местоимения
Притяжательные местоимения
          - мой                     - my
          - его                      - his
Указательные местоимения
   а) пространственная или временная близость   объекта
          - этот                  - this
          - эти                     - these
    b) удаленность от говорящего или момента речи
          - тот                    - that
          - те                       - those
Неопределенные/определенные местоимения
         - где-то                - somewhere
         - как-то                - somehow
         - этот                  - this
         - тот                    - that

Список использованной литературы
В.В. Гуревич, Теоретическая грамматика английского языка. Сравнительная типология английского и русского языков»,  Москва, 2003г.
С.И. Ожегов, Словарь русского языка, Москва, 1981г.
www.homeenglish.ru
www.tsput.ru/res/lang/yazykozn/jaz_zn_9.htm
www.wikipedia.org


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Youth problems

extracted_text:
Проблемы молодежи
Урок английского языка в 10 классе.
5klass.net
План .
Цели и задачи:
 1)Развивать лексические   навыки говорения.
2)Практивовать учащихся в            аудировании.
 3)Развивать умение    интерпретировать статические таблицы и средства графической наглядности.
Метод: интерактивный
Тип:обучающий.
Youth groups
Look and learn:
rebellion  - бунтарский
to reject-отвергать
Violenсе-насилие
Addiction-зависимость
to arrest-арестовать
Harm-вред,ущерб
View-взгляд
Age limits-возр.ограничение
to allow-разрешать
to forbid-запрещать
to let-позволить
to permit-разрешать
to complain-жаловаться

Give antogyms:
Dangerous             exciting
Hard                         easy
Serious                     silly
Boring                      false
True                          safe

Form adverbs:
real                            ly
hard                           ly
frank                          ly
actual                        ly
Luck                           ily
honest                       ly
Personal                    ly
Adult jails-тюрьмы для взрослых
Defendant-подсудимый
Judge-судья
Plaintiff -истец
To arrest-арестовать

Smoking

The right to…
-non-discrimination
-life
-name-and nationality
-express their views
-privacy
-information
-protection
-health
-leisure

prison

date

Youth problems:

Alcohol addiction

Say not!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Звук "S" в английском языке

extracted_text:
[∫]
watching
washers
wash
she
shells
shore
sure
inspiration
sheep

watching,
washers,
wash,
she,
shells,
shore,
sure,
inspiration
sheep

She sell sea – shells
On the sea shore
The shells that she sells
Are sea – shells I`m sure.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Английские буквы и звуки

extracted_text:
Months
Phonetic exercise
I have four pets.
They live in my house.
My dog and my cat,
My parrot and my mouse.

Answer questions:
What season do you know? Name them.
What season do you like? Why?
What season don’t you like?Why?
What is your favourite season? Why?

I like this season. I can swim, ride a bike and play football. It is hot and sunny.

I like this season because I can ski, skate and play hockey. It is cold.

I like this season because I go to the school.
Let’s do exercise 1 page 64Answer questions:
What season is before autumn?
What season  is after autumn?
What season is after winter?
What season is before winter?
What do you like to do in this season?

M
K
L
I
N
O
A
R
N
T
U
T
M
O
H
M
A
S
E
W
O
T
A
S
T
E
G
E

1
5
4
2
3
6
Months
January                          July
February                         August
March                            September
April                              October
May                               November
June                              December

August                             March
April                                May
December                        November
February                          October
January                           September
July
June

Список используемых ресурсов
http://everydiet.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/moloko.jpg молоко
http://kushaem-vkusno.com/uploads/taginator/Nov-2012/apelsin.jpg
апельсин
http://www.ayzdorov.ru/images/Travi/greckii-oreh.jpg грецкий орех
http://fotodes.ru/upload/img1341331458.jpg помидор
http://img06.rl0.ru/eda/c464x302/s2.afisha-eda.ru/Photos/120304025019-120328131730-p-O-vetchina.jpg ветчина
http://supercook.ru/decoration/images-decoration-sweet/buket-sweet-00-01.jpg конфеты
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Oe4qsz5wKuI/UODqqKjKo7I/AAAAAAAADu4/nYTYPnnU2eA/s400/December2.jpg
http://calendar.phillipmartin.info/march.gif
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR1NGdGBCPG6AN-btE9tkt33hHyw6fNLWPAk4hYraBmuH4a_CHlYE4q2o0T
http://www.usiter.com/uploads/20111120/kreativnie%2Boboi%2Bkrasochnoe%2Bleto%2B81889333261.jpg
http://www.emuvalleyrhodo.com.au/images/autumn_evrg.jpg
http://www.walkerprestons.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/winter-accident.jpg


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект В мире английских имен

extracted_text:
В МИРЕ
АНГЛИЙСКИХ ИМЕН
Автор работы:
ученица 9В класса,
  МОУ "гимназии №4", г. Елабуги, РТ
Анисимова Наталья
Научный руководитель:
Пузырева М.В., учитель английского языка
высшей квалификационной степени

ИМЕНА СОБСТВЕННЫЕ
НЕВОПЛОЩЕННЫЕ
John - Иван
James - Яков
Joseph - Иосиф
George - Георгий
Mary - Мария
Brown - Буров
Johnson - Иванов
ИМЕНА СОБСТВЕННЫЕ
ВОПЛОЩЕННЫЕ
Oliver Cromwell
Isaac Newton
William Shakespeare
George Washington
Tomas Edison
Mark Twain
  Free-Gift –
свободный подарок
More-Fruit –
больше фруктов
Joy Again –
снова счастье
ИМЕНА, СОЗДАННЫЕ
ПУРИТАНАМИ
Thankful -
 благодарный
No-Merit – не достоинство
Sorry-for-Sin –
прости за грех
Much-Mercey –
большое спасибо
ИМЕНА, СОЗДАННЫЕ
У.ШЕКСПИРОМ
Silvia
Celia
Julia
Juliet
Jessica
Ophelia
Viola
ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМЫ
             Brown, Jones and Robinson
(простые рядовые англичане)
Every Tom, Dick and Harry (каждый)
Jack of all trades
(на все руки мастер)
To sham Abraham
(притворяться больным)

Aunt Sally (детская игра)
All shall be well,
Jack shall have Jill
    (все будет хорошо)
ПАРАЛЛЕЛИ МЕЖДУ ЛИЧНЫМИ
ИМЕНАМИ В ДВУХ ЯЗЫКАХ
John - Иван
James - Яков
Joseph - Иосиф
George - Геогргий
Thomas - Фома
Mary - Мария
Anna/Ann(e) - Анна
Elizabeth - Елизавета
Catherine - Екатерина
СХОДНЫЕ СПОСОБЫ
ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ФАМИЛИЙ
1. John - Johnes, Johnson
(Иван - Иванов)
2. miller -Miller
(мельник - Мельников)
3. wolf - Wolf (волк - Волков)
4. white - White
(белый - Белов)
ПОПУЛЯРНЫЕ  МУЖСКИЕ
ИМЕНА В АНГЛИИ
 James, John
Charles, David
 William, Andrew
 Richard, Edward
 Robert, Mark
ПОПУЛЯРНЫЕ  ЖЕНСКИЕ
ИМЕНА В АНГЛИИ
Jane, Mary,
Louise, Elizabeth,
Ann, Sarah,
Emma, Lucy,
Clare, Catherine
ПОПУЛЯРНЫЕ
ИМЕНА В РОССИИ
Женские:
Дарья
Анастасия
Алия
Милана
Аделина
Алина
      Мужские:
Никита
Егор
Артем
Данил
Марат
Артур
РАЗЛИЧИЯ МЕЖДУ
СИСТЕМАМИ
1. Наличие нескольких личных
имен при одной фамилии
Geоrge Bernard Shaw
William Somerset Maugham
Charles Philip Arthur George
Andrew Albert Christain Edward
2. Отсутствие у большинства
английских фамилий окончаний
Henry George (экономист) –
George Washington
(политический деятель) –
Washington Irving
(писатель) –
Irving Stone (писатель).
3. Возможность в английском
языке именовать жену через
личное имя и фамилию мужа
Mrs John Smoth
 Mrs William Brown
Mrs Frank Olgernon Cowperwood
Mrs Soames Forsyte
ВЛИЯНИЕ ИМЕНИ НА ХАРАКТЕР
И СУДЬБУ ЧЕЛОВЕКА
- Мелвин, Найджел,  Джулиан
(гуманитарные науки)
- Рори, Роки и Чак
(спортсмены)
- Сьюзен, Кристин, Черил,
Мелани, Дженнифер, Мэрилин
(привлекательные имена для мужчин)
- Этель, Альма, Зельда,
Флоренс, Милдред, Эдна
(неприятные ассоциации)
ФАКТОРЫ, ОПРЕДЕЛЯЮЩИЕ
ВЫБОР ИМЕН
1. Влияние моды
2. Связь имени с определенной
социальной группой
3. Стремление избежать трудных,
неблагозвучных сочетаний
4. Желание прослыть оригинальным
5. Влияние религии
6. Влияние на выбор имени
положительных
или отрицательных
ассоциаций
7. Связь с местом рождения
8. Желание избежать имен,
встречающихся в устойчивых выражениях
9. В честь другого человека
СПАСИБО ЗА
ВНИМАНИЕ!!!
Елабуга 2008


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект William Shakespeare

extracted_text:
William Shakespeare
Have executed Shvets Maxim and Mosiyuk Taras
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare, the great English poet and dramatist, author of 36 plays 154 sonnets and two epic poems. His work, "Hamlet," "Henry V," "King Lear," "Julius Caesar," "Macbeth," "Romeo and Juliet" and others. His personality is mysterious and there are many interesting facts biography of William Shakespeare.
For several centuries, there are disputes about whether he was the true author of the works that were published under his name. Some say that Shakespeare did not exist.
William Shakespeare
Life of the great playwright William Shakespeare has always been shrouded in some mystery, but it's safe to say that a small amount of preserved interesting facts and information about the life of Shakespeare.
Most interesting facts about Shakespeare, life and works of famous English poet and playwright are given below:
Fact number 1: Shakespeare is the account the world's second most-cited author after the Bible writers.
William Shakespeare
Fact number 2: reads that invented the word "murder" was actually coined and put into practice exactly Shakespeare.
Fact number 3: Shakespeare never went to university, but this did not prevent him to acquire global popularity, moreover, he is still considered one of the greatest figures in world literature.
Fact number 4: Extant works of Shakespeare is a collection of 38 pieces, two long narrative poems, huge range of poems, including 154 sonnets.
William Shakespeare
Fact number 5: The best part of all of Shakespeare's plays have been translated into all major languages and life in theaters his plays are staged more often than other well-known plays playwrights.
Fact number 6: It is said that Shakespeare began his career in the art world as a regular actor, and his first play he wrote about the time when he was about 25 years old.
William Shakespeare
Fact number 7: Another interesting fact about the life and work of Shakespeare says that the playwright never published his plays. He wanted all of his plays were performed directly on the stage and was opposed to distributed copies of his plays and read at home.
Fact number 8: As for Shakespeare, then save the information about what to write some of his plays, he borrowed the information from various sources that were available to him, such as stories, plays or poems.
William Shakespeare
Fact number 9: There is also an interesting fact about the personal life of Shakespeare. Historians claim that Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway before his beloved 18 years. They had three children together. He had only one only granddaughter, who died, being childless is why the great playwright no descendants.
Fact number 10: The actual date of birth of Shakespeare to this day remains unknown, so historians push only their assumption that Shakespeare lived only 52 years.
Fact number 11: Shakespeare enriched the English language by 1700 new words
The end!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект My future profession Military

extracted_text:
My future profession
military
What I would like to be? This question passes me greatly. Every job has its elements of difficulties and interest. I think that nearly all the professions are very important in life But to choose the right occupation is very difficult, because we must take in to consideration many factors. We must consider our personal taste and our kind of mind. As far as I want to stay military man. I suppose, that  without this profession our country couldn't reach high level in the field of protection.
There is a profession to protect our country.
The average salary makes 14.13 thousand dollars a year for service under the contract. The social package as includes the medical insurance for the military man and members of his family, meal, grants on education, long holiday.
The military man should possess
Strong character,
Flexibility,
Patriotism,
Qualities of the leader,
Patience,
Good physical preparation.
The trade of the military man isn't insured from risk, probably that it is necessary to face "flashpoints" where take place operations. It is necessary to be able quickly and adequately to make decisions. After all «on a card» there can be human lives.
happen people in army don't happen!

Casual people in army do not happen. Despite all
 economic pluses of military service, without feeling of
patriotism to transfer such life it is impossible.
I’m sure I’ll be good at the profession – the Defender of my motherland!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Эрих Мария Ремарк

extracted_text:
        Erich Maria
Remarque
(1898-1970)

Erich Maria Remarque - Deutsch Schriftsteller
Erich Maria Remarque
Erich Maria (Paul)
Remarque
wurde 22. Juni 1898 in
Osnabrück,Deutschland,
geboren.

Remarque gestorben 25.
September 1970 im Alter von
72 Jahren in der Stadt
Locarno.
Erich Maria Remarque
    Nach der Armee, Erich Maria Remarque aus Deutschland ging in der Schweiz leben, und wanderten in die USA dann.
Erich Maria Remarque
Seine Eltern waren Peter
Franz Remarque und Anna
Maria Stallknecht.

Erich Maria Remarque
Erich Maria Remarque war ein Prosaautor.
Die bekannteste seiner Werke –
es ist "Drei Kameraden", "Arc de Triomphe","Im Westen nichts Neues",
  "Der schwarze Obelisk„.
Erich Maria Remarque

Erich Maria Remarque

Erich Maria Remarque
Angebote:
Solange man sich nicht ergibt, ist man mehr als das Schicksal.(Пока человек не сдаётся, он сильнее своей судьбы.)
 Toleranz ist die Tochter des Zweifels.
(Терпимость — дочь сомнения.)
 Der Mensch lebt von Träumen. (Человек живёт мечтами.)
Jetzt nur noch glücklich, nur Kühe. Vielleicht haben sie. Vielleicht nur Steine.(Просто счастливы нынче только коровы. А может быть, и они нет. Может быть, только камни. )

Erich Maria Remarque


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Happy

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Презентацияна тему:“Happy”
Выполнила:
 Прилепкина Кристина,
11Б

Счастье людей заключается в том, чтобы любить делать то, что они должны делать
Happiness lies in the people that love doing what they should do
Счастье - это единственное, что можно дать другому, не отнимая ничего у себя
Happiness - is the only thing you can give to another, without taking anything from him
Несчастье может быть и случайностью. Счастье - не удача и не благодать; счастье - добродетель или заслуга
The accident may be a coincidence. Happiness - no luck and no more grace happiness - virtue or merit
Счастье подобно бабочке. Чем больше ловишь его, тем больше оно ускользает. Но если вы перенесете свое внимание на другие вещи, оно придет и тихонько сядет вам на плечо.
   Happiness is like a butterfly. The more you catch it, the more it slips away. But if you move your attention to other things, it will come and sit softly on your shoulder
Счастье - это то, чем делишься, а оно только умножается
Happiness - is what delishsya,
 and it just multiplies
Любовь - это когда счастье другого есть необходимое условие вашего счастья.
Love - is when the happiness of another is
 a necessary condition for your happiness
Каждый счастлив ровно настолько, насколько он умеет быть счастливым
Everyone is happy just as much as he can be happy
В здании человеческого счастья дружба возводит стены, а любовь образует купол
The building of human happiness friendship builds a wall, but love makes the dome
THE END.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Поле чудес на немецком языке. Тренажёры по немецкому языку

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Поле чудес
на немецком языке
Составил
Хмеленок Николай Павлович
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Все её любят
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Дружит с нами
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Говорим это,
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Какая может быть роза?
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Забирайте свой приз!
А  вот  и  приз!
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title: Скачать презентацию или конспект The Reported Speech (Косвенная речь) - вопросы

extracted_text:
Презентацияпо английскому языкупо теме:“The Reported Speech(questions)”
Подготовлена
учителем английского языка
МБОУ СОШ п. Солидарность
Елецкого муниципального района
Липецкой области
Кирсановой Натальей Николаевной
 При обращении прямого вопроса в косвенный соблюдаются следующие правила:
1. При обращении прямого вопроса в косвенный обратный порядок слов в нем заменяется прямым,
 т.е. подлежащее предшествует сказуемому.

Direct SpeechShe asked, "Will you come to the party?" – Она спросила: «Ты пойдешь на вечеринку?»Reported Speech      She wondered if I would come to the party. – Она поинтересовалась, пойду ли я на вечеринку.
Direct SpeechHe asked, "What subjects do you like?«Он спросил: «Какие учебные предметы тебе нравятся?»         Reported Speech He wanted to know what subjects I liked. – Ему интересно было знать, какие учебные предметы мне нравятся.
2. Косвенные вопросы присоединяются к главному предложению посредством следующих слов и словосочетаний: asked – спросил (-а, -и)wanted to know – хотел (-а, -и) знать wondered – интересовался (-лась, -лись)'d like to know - хотел (-а, -и) бы знать Can you tell me…? – Не могли бы Вы                                      мне сказать…?I'm curious if…. – Мне любопытно,                               … ли …
3. Косвенные вопросы, соответствующие в прямой речи общим вопросам, присоединяются к главному предложению союзами if или whether. Эти союзы соответствуют в русском языке частице "ли". Запятая перед союзами if или whether не ставится.

Direct SpeechRobert: “Does it often rain in your part of the country?” – Роберт: «Часто идет дождь в вашей части страны?»    Reported Speech Robert asked if it often rained in their part of the country? – Роберт спросил, часто ли идет дождь в их части страны.

Direct SpeechHelen: «Have you seen this film yet, Peter?» – Хелен: «Ты уже видел этот фильм, Питер?»  Reported Speech Helen wanted to know if Peter had already seen that film. - Хелен хотела знать, видел ли Питер уже тот фильм.

4. Косвенные вопросы, соответствующие в прямой речи специальным вопросам, присоединяются к главному предложению с помощью вопросительных местоимений (where – где?, what – что?, how long – как долго? …)

Direct SpeechTom said to the boys, "Who has tickets for  'Hamlet’? – Том спросил мальчиков: «У кого есть билеты на «Гамлета»?   Reported Speech Tom asked the boys who had tickets for 'Hamlet'. - Том спросил мальчиков, у кого есть билеты на «Гамлета».

Direct SpeechJohn: “Why are you late, Mary?” – Джон: «Почему ты опоздала, Мэри?» Reported Speech John wondered why Mary was late. – Джон поинтересовался, почему Мэри опоздала.

5. Косвенные вопросы, соответствующие в прямой речи альтернативным  вопросам, присоединяются к главному предложению союзом whether .

Direct Speech
“Is it raining or snowing today?” –
«Сегодня идет дождь или снег?»

Reported Speech
Can you tell me whether it was raining or
snowing that day. – Не могли бы Вы мне
сказать, в тот день шел дождь или
снег.

6. Косвенные вопросы,
соответствующие в прямой речи
разделительным вопросам,
присоединяются к главному
предложению также, как и общие
вопросы, союзами if или whether

Direct Speech
“Mary saw my sister on Sunday, didn’t she?”,
Jack asked. –  «Мэри видела мою сестру в
воскресенье, не так ли?», - спросил Джек.

Reported Speech
Jack asked if / whether Mary had seen his sister
on Sunday. – Джек спросил, видела ли Мэри
его сестру в воскресенье.

7. В вопросах к части
сказуемого с глаголом to be
правило изменения порядка
слов с обратного на прямой
при переводе прямой речи в
косвенную может не
соблюдаться.

Direct Speech
John said, "Who is the boy?" –
Джон сказал: "Кто этот мальчик?"

Reported Speech
John asked who the boy was. =
John asked who was the boy. -
Джон спросил, кто этот мальчик.

Direct Speech
Robert asked, "What is your telephone number,
Bob?" – Роберт спросил: "Какой у тебя номер
телефона, Боб?"

Reported Speech
Robert asked Bob what his telephone  number
was. = Robert asked Bob what was his
telephone number.  - Роберт спросил Боба,
какой у него номер телефона.

В устойчивых словосочетаниях
"What's the time?", "What's the
matter?", "What's the news?"
обратный порядок слов в
косвенной речи не меняется на
прямой.

Обратите внимание!

Direct Speech
A passer-by asked, “What’s the time?”
Прохожий спросил: «Который час?»

Reported Speech
A passer-by asked what was the time. –
Прохожий спросил, который час.

Краткие ответы в косвенной речи
Краткие ответы в косвенной речи
передаются  путем повторения
вспомогательного или модального глагола,
который содержится в кратком прямом
ответе. Вспомогательный или модальный
глагол меняется в соответствии с правилом
согласования времен.

Direct Speech
Frank: Has it stopped raining, yet?
Polly: Yes.

Reported Speech
Frank asked Polly if it had stopped raining
and she said it had.
Фрэнк спросил Полли, не прекратился
ли дождь, и она ответила «да».

Direct Speech
Mary: Does John ever come to see you?
Bob: Never.

Reported Speech
Mary asked Bob if John ever came to see
him and Bob said he did not.
Мэри спросила Боба, приходит ли Джон
хоть когда-нибудь навещать его, и Боб
ответил «нет» / , что никогда.

Direct Speech
Bob: Are you very tired, Mary?
Mary: No.

Reported Speech
Bob asked Mary if she was very tired and
Mary answered she wasn't.
Боб спросил Мэри, устала ли она, и
Мэри ответила «нет».

Список использованных источников:
1. Шаблон презентации
http://pedsovet.su
2. Теоретический материал + примеры предложений
a) http://www.alleng.ru/mybook/3gram/synt23.htm
b) Голицынский Ю. Б. Английский язык.
     Грамматика. Сборник упражнений
c) К. И. Кауфман, М. Ю. Кауфман Английский язык: Счастливый
     английский.ру / Happy English.ru Учебник англ.яз. Для 9 кл.
     общеобразоват. учрежд. – Обнинск: Титул, 2012
d) Мыльцева Н.А., Жималенкова Т.М. Универсальный справочник по
     грамматике английского языка. – Издательство «ГЛОССА», 2003


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Theodore Roosevelt

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Theodore Roosevelt
The 26th President of the USA
Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. was an American author, naturalist, explorer, historian, and politician who served as the 26th President of the United States. He was a leader of the Republican Party and founder of the Progressive Party.

Biography
Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. was born on the 27th of October, 1858 in New York. He was always a sickly child afflicted with asthma. He traveled widely through Europe and the Middle East with his family.  At the age of eighteen he entered Harvard College. During college, Roosevelt fell in love with Alice Hathaway Lee. They were married in October 1880. Later he was elected to the New York Assembly and served two terms here. But a double tragedy struck Roosevelt in 1884. His wife and mother died on the same day.
But during this time Roosevelt continued his writing career, which began with the publication of his book, The Naval War of 1812, in 1882. In 1889 Roosevelt was a member of the Civil Service Commission of which he later became a president. Theodore Roosevelt came into office in 1901.
PRESIDENCY
As President, Roosevelt worked to improve the lives of American citizens. He also was the nation's first President, who worked to establish national parks and forests. In foreign policy, Roosevelt wanted to make the United States a global power by increasing its influence worldwide. Also he built the Panama Canal. Roosevelt is considered the first modern U.S. President because he greatly strengthened the power of the executive branch. Also Roosevelt made the White House the center of news every day, providing interviews and photo opportunities.
In 1919, at the age of sixty, he died in his bed.
Interesting facts
Roosevelt was the first president to travel outside of the continental United States while in office.
In 1906, Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Prize for his role of negotiator in the Russo-Japanese War. He was the first American who won this Prize.
Roosevelt was blind in his left eye. It was the result of a boxing injury.
Theodore Roosevelt was the youngest president. He became the President at the age of 42.
The teddy bear was named after Roosevelt, in response to a cartoon showing the president refusing to shoot a bear after it had been tied to a tree.
The portrait of Theodore Roosevelt is carved on the Mount Rushmore.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект James Fenimore Cooper

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James Fenimore Cooper
Thesis Statement

James Fenimore Cooper was one of America’s first great novelists because he helped to create a sense of American history through his writings.  Cooper was influenced greatly by nature and wrote about it frequently in his novels.  Cooper was also influenced by and wrote about places in the Hudson River Valley, such as the Van Wyck House.

Life story
born in a rich family
attended Yale but expelled
five years at sea
inherited fortune then a comfortable life
wrote lots of novels because he oneday was disgusted by one novel
Major works
"Leather stocking Tales" (a series of five novels about the frontier life): The Pioneers, The Prairie, The Last of the Mohicans, The Pathfinder, The Deerslayer
Central character: Natty Bumppo (several names for same character: Hawk-eye, the Pathfinder, the Deerslayer, Leatherstocking) (a typical frontier man: honest, simple, innocent, generous) (represents brotherhood of man, nature and freedom)
Theme: modern civilization advancing on the wilderness and the contradiction between them
Features
Good at inventing plots (Cooper had never been to the frontier area personally.)
B. Style: powerful, yet clumsy and dreadful
C. Wooden Characters
D. Use of dialect, but not authentic (criticized by Mark Twain)
Van Wyck HouseFishkill, NY1732 Dutch Colonial
Requisitioned by the Continental Army as officers’ headquarters.
Military trials were held here
Orders for the army were issued from the house.
Visited by many notables including: Washington, Lafayette, Van Steuben, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay.
Used by the Quartermaster Department for outfitting Continental troops with clothing.

Thanks for your attention!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Школьные вещи и принадлежности

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Let's play
School is fun!
Guess what is it
What for do you need
 these things?
I need ...... to .........

Well done!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Charles Dickens

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Charles Dickens
(1812-1870)
A novel Dombey and Son.
The topic of upbringing and development of the personality in the novel
Biography
At age fifteen Charles found employment as an office boy for an attorney. In 1829 he became a reporter at Doctor's Commons Courts. By 1832 he became a shorthand reporter of Parliamentary debates in the House of Commons and a reporter for a newspaper and adopted his famous name “Boz”. He was also hired to write short texts called The Pickwick Papers, which had an enormous success.
In 1837 he started writing Oliver Twist and it continued in monthly parts through April of 1839. In 1838 he began Nicholas Nickleby. In July of 1844, A Christmas Carol was published and proved to be another successful work.
Gradually his health worsened and in 1869 he experienced a mild stroke. He began working on the Mystery of Edwin Drood. On June 8, 1870he suffered another stroke and died the next day. He was buried at Westminster Abbey.

Charles Dickens, the greatest representative of English critical realism, was born on February 7, 1812 in Portse, England. His father was a Navy Pay clerk and was horrible at handling finances. At the age of 12, Dickens was sent to work at the Warrens Blacking Factory, where he hated working.

Charles Dickens
As one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victorian Age, Dickens has a serious intention to expose and criticize all the poverty, injustice, hypocrisy and corruptness he sees all around him.
Dickens bears very complicated social attitudes. On one hand, he hates the state apparatus. On the other, he can in no way supply any fundamental solution to the social plights, as a bourgeois writer.
At the same time he hopes to call people's attention to the existing social problems and bring about some reform or amelioration.

Notable works
The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (1837)
The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (1838)
Oliver  Twist (1839)
The Old Curiosity Shop (1840)
A Christmas Carol (1843)
The Cricket on the Hearth (1845)
Dombey and Son (1846)
David Copperfield (1850)
Bleak House (1852)
Great Expectations (1861)
The Mystery of Edwin Drood (1870)

Oliver Twist
Dombey and Son
Dombey and Son expose the money-worship that dominates people's life, corrupts the young and brings tragedy to Mr. Dombey's family.
The hero in Dombey and Son is a capitalist, a true representative of the English bourgeoisie - the rich and proud head of the shipping home Dombey.
Summary plot
To secure the continuity of the House, Mr. Dombey needs a son. To him his wife is only the means of producing the son. Later she died in giving birth to the son.
But little Paul is delicate in health. What is worse, he is deprived of all the joys of a child at school, and is soon killed.
Heavily shaken by his loss, Mr. Dombey marries again, taking, as his second wife, Edith, a proud and very poor woman. Dombey does not care a fig about Edith's lack of love for him. All he wants is a woman who can produce the needed son.
From the start Dombey's hard-heartedness offends Edith, and this crack in their relations is artfully widened by his business manager Carker, a villain.
The breach widens and develops into a crisis. Edith leaves him, eloping with Carker. Mr. Dombey again meets Carker in a railway station. Carker stumbles from the station platform before a coming train and gets killed.
The house of Dombey goes bankrupt in a financial crisis. Dombey loses his fortune, his son and his wife. He lives in humility and repentance, his daughter Florence, who has been driven from home, now returns to him. The proud Edith ends her days in voluntary seclusion.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Raffles hotel Singapore

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Raffles hotel Singapore
Raffles Hotel is a colonial-style hotel in Singapore. It was established by two Armenian brothers from Persia—Martin and Tigran Sarkies—in 1887. In later years they were joined by younger brothers Aviet and Arshak and kinsman Martyrose Arathoon. With their innovative cuisine and extensive modernisations, the firm built the hotel into Singapore's best known icon. It was named after Stamford Raffles, the founder of modern Singapore, whose statue had been unveiled in 1887. The hotel is currently managed by Fairmont Raffles Hotels International and houses a tropical garden courtyard, museum, and Victorian-style theatre.
Raffles Hotel MuseumThe hotel  houses the Raffles Hotel Museum, which displays the rich history of the hotel. The museum was created after a well-orchestrated heritage search by a public relations consultant. People from all over the world returned items and memorabilia of their stay at the 'grand lady of the Far East'; photographs, silver and china items, postcards and menus as well as old and rare editions of the works of the famous writers who stayed there. These items are displayed in the museum along with photographs of its famous guests and visitors.
Food and beverage outletsInterior view of Raffles HotelAh Teng's BakeryBar and Billard Room & Martini BarEmpire CafeLong Bar, birthplace of the Singapore SlingLong Bar SteakhouseRaffles Courtyard & Gazebo BarRaffles CreameryRaffles GrillTiffin Room, Singapore's oldest restaurantWriter's BarRoyal China at Raffles (branch of the famous Royal China in London)Shinji by Kanesaka
TriviaView of the courtyard and some of the hotel roomsRaffles Hotel is reputedly where the sole surviving wild tiger in Singapore was shot and made extinct. Some stories place this event in the Long Bar. The hotel management claims the tiger escaped from enclosure at a nearby "native show" and was chased underneath the hotel's Bar & Billiard Room (a raised structure) and shot to death there on 13 August 1902.
Raffles Hotel has a shopping arcade housing boutique brands such as Louis Vuitton, Surrender, and Tiffany & Co.. The arcade houses most of the hotel's restaurants. It also has shops such as the custom tailor, CYC The Custom Shop,[9] which makes shirts for Singapore's first prime minister, Lee Kuan Yew, and the third and current prime minister, Lee Hsien Loong. The third floor of the arcade houses the Raffles Hotel Museum and Jubilee Hall.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект The War of the Roses

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The War of the Roses

War of the Roses       1455-1485
Civil war in England, for the throne between the two branches of the Plantagenet dynasty - Lancaster (in the arms of a red rose) and York (in the arms of a white rose). The death in the war the main representatives of the two dynasties, and a large part of the nobility has facilitated the establishment of the Tudor absolutism.
The reason for the war became a dissatisfaction a significant part of English society with the failures in the Hundred Years War and the policies pursued by the wife of King Henry VI, Queen Margaret and his minions (the king was weak-willed person, also sometimes fall into complete oblivion).
Margaret of Anjou and her son Prince Edward. Statue in the Luxembourg Gardens in Paris
Henry VI-third and the last King of England of the House of Lancaster.
  Only one of the kings of England, who wore during the Hundred Years War and after it the title of "King of France", who actually was crowned (1431), and he reigned in France

Richard II - King of England
(1377-1399), a representative of the Plantagenet dynasty, the grandson of King Edward III, son of Edward the Black Prince.
       The opposition was led by Richard Duke of York, who demanded the regency over the incompetent king, and later - the English crown.
      The basis for this claim was the fact that Henry VI was the great-grandson of John of Gaunt - the fourth son of King Edward III, and  York - the great-grandson of Lionel - the third son of this king (the female line, in the male line he was the grandson of Edmund - the fifth son of Edward III), also the grandfather of Henry VI, Henry IV took the throne in 1399, violently forcing King Richard II to abdicate.
The confrontation turned into a war in 1455, when at the First Battle at Sent Albans celebrated the victory Yorkists, shortly after which the English Parliament declared Richard of York protector of the kingdom and heir of Henry VI.
In 1460, at the Battle at Wakefield, Richard of York was killed. The White Roses was headed by his son, Edward, in 1461 crowned in London as Edward IV.
     In the same year, the Yorkists were won victory at Mortimer's Cross and at Taunton. As a result, the main Lancastrian forces were defeated, and King Henry VI and Queen Margaret fled the country (the king was soon caught and imprisoned in the Tower).

Edward and his brother the Duke of York in the Tower. Picture of Paul Delaroche, XIX century.
.        The fighting resumed in 1470, when  sided with the Lancastrian the Earl of Warwick and the Duke of Clarence(the younger brother of Edward IV)  and was returned to the throne Henry VI. Edward IV with his other brother, the Duke of Gloucester fled to Burgundy, from where he returned in 1471. The Duke of Clarence moved again to the side of his brother - and Yorkists won a victory at Barnet and Tyuksberri. In the first of these battles was killed Earl of Warwick, in the second was killed Prince Edward - the only son of Henry VI, - that, along with followed in the same year in the Tower death (probably murder) of the Henry was the end of the Lancastrian dynasty.

Edward IV - the first king of the York dynasty - reigned in peace until his death, which followed all of a sudden in 1483, when for a short time became the king his son, Edward V.
Edward IV-King of England in 1461-1470 and 1471-1483, a representative of York's Plantagenet line, seized the throne during the Wars of the Roses.
Edward V-King of England from 9 April to 25 June 1483, the son of Edward IV; was not crowned
Royal Council announced his illegitimate and brother of the Edward IV Richard of Gloucester was crowned in the same year as Richard III. His short reign was dramatic and full of struggle with the opposition. In this struggle, the king initially contributed to success, but the number of opponents only increased .
Richard III-King of England c 1483 of the House of York, the last of the male line of the Plantagenets on the English throne.

Henry VII-King of England and Ireland (1485-1509), the first of the Tudor dynasty.
      In 1485, forces by the Lancastrian led by Henry Tudor landed in Wales. In the battle of Bosworth Richard III was killed, and the crown passed to Henry Tudor who became King Henry VII, - the founder of the Tudor dynasty. In 1487 Earl of Lincoln (nephew of Richard III) was trying to regain the crown of York, but at the Battle of Stoke Field was killed.
August 22, 1485 -Battle of Bosworth ended War of the Roses. Contender for the throne of England Henry Tudor defeated King Richard III.
The results of the war
     The Wars of the Roses actually drew a line under the English Middle Ages. On the battlefields,  in prisons died not only all direct descendants of the Plantagenets, but much of the English lords and knights. Accession of the Tudors in 1485 is the beginning of a new time in English history.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Согласование времен

extracted_text:
Tregubenko N.V.
1
Sequence of Tenses

Согласование времён
Tregubenko N.V.
2
Основное правило:
Если в главном предложении используется одно из прошедших времён (Past), то в придаточном тоже должно быть использовано прошедшее (Past) время или будущее в прошедшем (Future-in-the-Past).
Tregubenko N.V.
3
FUTURE IN THE PAST
   Используется, чтобы выразить
        действие, которое было будущим
        с точки зрения прошлого.

past
present
future

I thought Jack would come in time.
would
will
Tregubenko N.V.
4
Future Simple in the Past
“He said he would be ready in a moment.”
“He hoped he would do it.”
Tregubenko N.V.
5
Future Simple in the Past
“Did you think you would return home today?”
“I hoped I would help you.”
Tregubenko N.V.
6
Future Continuous in the Past
She was sure that her husband would be still repairing his car at ten o’clock in the evening.
They were sure she would be talking for at least another three hours.
Tregubenko N.V.
7
Future Perfect in the Past
I hoped you wouldn’t have forgotten everything by today.
“I thought I would have finished the work before your arrival.”
Tregubenko N.V.
8
Действие в придаточном  предложении может быть :
одновременным с действием главного предложения
предшествовать действию главного предложения
относиться к будущему
Tregubenko N.V.
9

I knew (that) –
(Я знал, что)

He said (that) –
(Он сказал, что)
Одновременное действие
he lived in Kiev.
он живёт в Киеве.
Предшествующее
   действие
he had lived in Kiev.
он жил в Киеве.
Будущее действие
he would live in Kiev.
он будет жить в Киеве.

Tregubenko N.V.
10
В придаточном предложении мы отступаем «на одно время назад»:
“Present” becomes “Past”
“Past” becomes “Past Perfect”
“will” becomes “would”
Tregubenko N.V.
11
Present Indefinite
       I do …
Present Continuous
       He is doing …
Present Perfect
       I have done …
Past Indefinite
       I did …
Past Continuous
       I was doing …
Past Perfect
       I had gone …
Past Indefinite
       I did …
Past Continuous
       He was doing …
Past Perfect
       I had done …
Past Perfect
       I had done …
Past Perfect Continuous
       I had been doing …
does not change
       I had gone …

Tregubenko N.V.
12
will (future)

can

may

must
would

could

might

must or had to

Tregubenko N.V.
13
Time and Place Changes
here
this
these
now
today
yesterday

a year ago
last night
tonight

there
that
those
then / at the moment
that day
the day before
    the previous day
a year before
the previous night
that night

Tregubenko N.V.
14
 Past Indefinite / Continuouscan stay the sameif we use:
in 1945

2 years ago

yesterday

last week

when he came

(after) since
He said that he left Moscow
    5 years ago.

He knew that Peter was at home yesterday.

She said she was working
    when I rang her up.

She said I had been writing
    since she came.

Tregubenko N.V.
15
Exercises
Tregubenko N.V.
16
Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в такую форму, чтобы действия в придаточных предложениях были по отношению к главному:    a) одновременными;    b) предшествующими;    c) будущими.Переведите на русский язык.
I was happy you (to know) my name.
I was happy you knew my name.              (знаешь)
I was happy you had known my name.     (знала)
I was happy you would know my name.    (узнаешь)

Tregubenko N.V.
17
Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в такую форму, чтобы действия в придаточных предложениях были по отношению к главному:    a) одновременными;    b) предшествующими;    c) будущими.Переведите на русский язык.
He thought she (to feel) lonely in London.

He thought she felt lonely in London.             (чувствует)
He thought she had felt lonely in London.      (чувствовала)
He thought she would feel lonely in London.  (будет чувствовать)

Tregubenko N.V.
18
Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в такую форму, чтобы действия в придаточных предложениях были по отношению к главному:    a) одновременными;    b) предшествующими;    c) будущими.Переведите на русский язык.
I hoped that he (to have) breakfast at home.

I hoped that he had breakfast at home.                 (завтракает)
I hoped that he had had breakfast at home.          (позавтракал)
I hoped that he would have breakfast at home.     (позавтракает)

Tregubenko N.V.
19
Сегодня мы познакомились с тем, как изменяется видо-временная форма глагола в придаточном предложении, если в главном глагол употреблён в одном из прошедших времён.

Другими словами, мы познакомились с правилом согласования времён:
              Sequence of Tenses


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Summer holiday

extracted_text:
Summer holiday
Prepare
pupil 8 class
Pavlukovska Oksana

Let me start with summer holidays. Pupils have summer holidays that are three months long. Children don't have to get up early. There is no homework to do and lessons to learn. That's why they like summer holidays.
I like summer holidays because I have a lot of free time. In summer my friends and I often go swimming and boating there. There is a lot of fish in the lake, so I sometimes go fishing. When it is very hot I usually go to the forest. The air is cool there. I like to walk in the shade1 of trees and pick mushrooms and berries. I like to go to the beach2 in the morning when it is not too hot. I swim, sunbathe, and play with my friends on the bank of the river. I always help my grandmother to work in the kitchen garden or to look after chickens.
My summer holiday
10 cause why I love summer holiday
1. Warm weather
2. Bathing season
3. Holiday Ivana Kupayla
4. Transparent river
5. Fair sun
6. Walk forest
7. Endless sky
8. Short and mild night
9. Beautiful flowers
10. Gathering berry
But unfortunately time flies quickly on holidays and soon it's time to go to school again.
The end


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект The Earth in danger.

extracted_text:
The Earth is in danger
We must save the planet
 Prepared by the pupil of  8th-A form Serhiy Marchuk
It's Our Home
    Earth  is the third planet from the Sun, the densest planet in the Solar System, the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets, and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.
       Different people, with different traditions, with different culture, with different views on life, but we are inhabitants of one planet- Earth.
Humanity
Humanity always have needs, that must be satisfied. There was a need for deforestation, mining electricity, food. This has led to environmental pollution. Further contamination can lead to environmental disaster
Air emissions
Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful materials into Earth's atmosphere, causing diseases, death to humans, damage to other living organisms such as animals and food crops, or the natural or built environment.
Indoor air pollution and urban air quality are listed as two of the world's worst toxic pollution problems in the 2008 Blacksmith Institute World's Worst Polluted Places report. According to the 2014 WHO report, air pollution in 2012 caused the deaths of around 7 million people worldwide.

Wastewater
        Wastewater, also written as waste water, is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. Wastewater can originate from a combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, surface runoff or stormwater, and from sewer inflow or infiltration.
        Municipal wastewater (also called sewage) is usually conveyed in a combined sewer or sanitary sewer, and treated at a wastewater treatment plant. Treated wastewater is discharged into receiving water via an effluent pipe. Wastewaters generated in areas without access to centralized sewer systems rely on on-site wastewater systems. These typically comprise a septic tank, drain field, and optionally an on-site treatment unit.
Municipal solid waste
Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly known as trash or garbage in the United States and as refuse or rubbish in Britain, is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public. "Garbage" can also refer specifically to food waste, as in a garbage disposal; the two are sometimes collected separately.
The composition of municipal solid waste varies greatly from municipality to municipality (country to country) and changes significantly with time. In municipalities (countries) which have a well developed waste recycling system, the waste stream consists mainly of intractable wastes such as plastic film, and unrecyclable packaging materials. At the start of the 20th century, the majority of domestic waste (53%) in the UK consisted of coal ash from open fires.
Oil spill
      An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially marine areas, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. The term is usually applied to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, but spills may also occur on land. Oil spills may be due to releases of crude oil from tankers, offshore platforms, drilling rigs and wells, as well as spills of refined petroleum products (such as gasoline, diesel) and their by-products, heavier fuels used by large ships such as bunker fuel, or the spill of any oily refuse or waste oil.
The Earth is in danger
The Earth is our home. It gives us everything:
food, clothes and houses. But our Earth is in danger because people don’t care of it. We want to see blue seas, green trees that are why we must protect our Earth.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Dollar

extracted_text:
dollar

The Australian dollar is the sixth most traded currency of the world (after the U.S. dollar, euro, yen, pound sterling and the Swiss franc) [1], occupying 5% of global foreign exchange transactions. Popularity among currency traders due to the high interest rates in Australia, the relative freedom of the foreign exchange market from government intervention, the general stability of the Australian economy and the political system. [2]
For the production of banknotes since 1988 used not paper, and special thin plastic.
Австралийский доллар является шестой самой торгуемой валютой мира (после доллара США, евро, иены, фунта стерлингов и швейцарского франка)[1], занимая 5 % мировых валютных операций. Популярность среди торговцев валютой вызвана высокой процентной ставкой в Австралии, относительной свободой валютного рынка от правительственного вмешательства, общей стабильностью австралийской экономики и политической системы.[2]
Для изготовления банкнот с 1988 года используется не бумага, а специальный тонкий пластик.

Issue of currency and transactions with it through the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank (ECCB) whose headquarters is located on the island of St. Kitts. The Central Bank has the sole right to issue banknotes and coins in the territory of States - members of the organization. Most of the coins holds different shapes (polygons with different numbers of sides). This is done because of the high illiteracy inhabitants of the OECS.
Loose Change currency - Cent. 1 East Caribbean Dollar = 100 cents.
Эмиссия валюты и операции с ней осуществляются через Восточно-Карибский Центральный банк (ECCB) штаб-квартира которого находится на острове Сент-Китс. Центральный Банк обладает исключительным правом выпуска банкнот и монет на территории государств — членов организации. Большинство монет выполнено разной формы (многоугольники с разным количеством сторон). Это сделано из-за большой неграмотности жителей, населяющих OECS.
Разменная денежная единица — цент. 1 восточно-карибский доллар = 100 центов.

Bahamian Bahamian dollar replaced the pound , which was equal to the British pound was divided into 20 shillings or 240 pence , in a ratio of 1 dollar = 7 shillings ($ 1 = 0.35 pounds) in 1966. When this was made the transition to decimal system - Bahamian dollar became equal to 100 cents . In the transition to the new currency was introduced three-dollar bills and coins fifteen cents as three dollars are roughly equal to one pound and fifteen cents - 1 shilling , it was convenient during the transition period . February 2, 1970 Bahamian dollar has been pegged to the U.S. dollar, then in December 1971 as a result of the devaluation of the U.S. dollar 1 Bahamian dollar is now at 1,031 U.S. dollars, but with the February 15, 1973 Bahamian currency again become equal to one U.S. dollar . [2]
Багамский доллар заменил багамский фунт, который был равен британскому фунту стерлингов, делился на 20 шиллингов или 240 пенсов, в соотношении 1 доллар = 7 шиллингов (1 доллар = 0,35 фунта) в 1966 году. При этом был произведён переход на десятичную систему — багамский доллар стал равняться 100 центам. При переходе на новую валюту были введены трёхдолларовые купюры и монеты номиналом пятнадцать центов, так как три доллара примерно равны одному фунту, а пятнадцать центов — 1 шиллингу, что было удобно во время переходного периода. 2 февраля 1970 года курс багамского доллара был привязан к доллару США, затем с декабря 1971 года в результате девальвации американской валюты 1 багамский доллар стал равен 1,031 доллара США, однако с 15 февраля 1973 года багамская валюта вновь стала равняться одному доллару США[2].

Barbados Dollar was created after the establishment of the Central Bank of Barbados (CBB), which was established by Parliament in May 1972. Barbados dollar replaced the East Caribbean dollar at par in 1973. On July 5, 1975, Barbados dollar has been pegged at a fixed exchange rate to the U.S. dollar at a rate of U.S. $ 1 = $ 2 Barbados.
For a broader plan stories currency in the region, see article Currency British West Indies
Доллар Барбадоса был создан после создания Центрального банка Барбадоса (НБР), который был основан Парламентом в мае, 1972 года. Доллар Барбадос заменил Восточно-карибский доллар по номинальной стоимости в 1973 году. С 5 июля 1975 года, доллар Барбадос был привязан по фиксированному обменному курсу к доллару США по ставке 1 доллар США = 2 долларам Барбадоса.
Для более широкого плана истории валюты в регионе, см. статья Валюта Британской Вест-Индии

1978, the reference to the British pound in BZ $ 4 = £ 1 was discarded and re Belize Dollar was pegged to the U.S. dollar at a fixed rate of BZ $ 2 = US $ 1. This new course, which still continues today, indicates devaluation by 50% compared with the original parity with the U.S. dollar in 1885, which changed in 1949.
1978 году, ссылка на британский фунт в BZ $ 4 = £ 1 была отброшена, и вновь доллар Белиза был привязан к доллару США по фиксированной ставке в BZ $ 2 = US $ 1. Этот новый курс, который все еще продолжается и сегодня, свидетельствует о девальвации на 50 % по сравнению с первоначальным паритетом с долларом США в 1885, который изменился в 1949 году.

Bermudian dollar (ISO 4217 code: BMD) - the official currency of Bermuda since February 1970. 1 Bermudian dollar equals 100 cents. Bermudian dollar was introduced instead of the Bermuda pounds (1 pound = 2.40 Bermuda Bermudian dollar).
Бермудский доллар (код ISO 4217: BMD) — официальная валюта Бермудских островов с февраля 1970 года. 1 бермудский доллар равняется 100 центам. Бермудский доллар был введён вместо бермудского фунта (1 бермудский фунт = 2,40 бермудского доллара).

According to official data, during the year, inflation reached 231 million% per year (July 2008). According to unofficial - kvinkvatrigintillionov 6.5% (ie 6.5% · 10108, December 2008). [2] However, it is difficult to calculus.
For example, a can of beer July 4, 2008 at 17:00 local time cost 100 billion Zimbabwean dollars, an hour later it was worth 150 billion [3]
По официальным данным, за год инфляция достигла 231 млн % в год (на июль 2008). По неофициальным — 6,5 квинкватригинтиллионов % (то есть 6,5·10108 %, декабрь 2008)[2]. Впрочем, она с трудом поддаётся исчислению.
Например, банка пива 4 июля 2008 года в 17:00 по местному времени стоила 100 млрд зимбабвийских долларов, уже через час она стала стоить 150 млрд.[3]

Canada's first paper money denominated in dollars were British Army bills, issued between 1813 and 1815 years. Banknotes denominated in Canadian dollars, were later emitted Chartered Bank, since 1830., Some colonial administration (primarily the Province of Canada in 1866), and later Confederation Canada, since 1870. Some municipalities also released its notes
Первые бумажные деньги Канады, номинированные в долларах, были британские армейские банкноты, выпущенные между 1813 и 1815 годами. Банкноты, номинированные в канадских долларах, были позже эмитированы дипломированными банками, начиная с 1830-х гг., некоторыми колониальными управлениями (в первую очередь Провинцией Канада в 1866 году), и позже конфедерацией Канада, начиная с 1870 года. Некоторые муниципалитеты также выпустили свои банкноты

During the 1989-1996 civil war, in fact, there were two monetary zones: Controlled by the Government and the rebels. Rebels used banknotes issued before the war, in the areas controlled by the government, also used it issues new banknotes. The U.S. dollar was used in both zones. Prior to 1997, remained the official parity of the Liberian dollar and the U.S. dollar.
В период гражданской войны 1989—1996 годов фактически существовало две зоны денежного обращения: контролируемая правительством и повстанцами. Повстанцы использовали денежные знаки, выпущенные до начала войны; в зонах, контролируемых правительством, использовались также выпускаемые им новые банкноты. Доллар США использовался в обеих зонах. До 1997 года сохранялся официальный паритет либерийского доллара и доллара США.

Treasury bills - 6% of liabilities at 10, 25, 50 and 100 dollars were issued in April 1921 by the Ministry of Finance of Mongolia's independence shortly after her release, Baron R. Ungern-Sternberg from Chinese occupation. Council to issue short-term liabilities to the Ministry gave the Russian financial advisor and tax policies IA Lavrov. On banknotes were depicted animals that are the equivalent of currency:
Казначейские банкноты — 6 % обязательства в 10, 25, 50 и 100 долларов были выпущены в обращении в апреле 1921 года министерством финансов независимой Монголии вскоре после её освобождения бароном Р. Ф. Унгерн-Штернбергом от китайской оккупации. Совет выпустить краткосрочные обязательства министерству дал русский советник по финансовой и налоговой политике И. А. Лавров. На банкнотах были изображены животные, которые являлись эквивалентами денежных единиц:

Nevertheless, economic difficulties in the country in the 1990s (including the budget deficit) led to loss of confidence in the dollar of the Cook Islands in 1994, so in 1995 the issue of local money has been discontinued. [1] Currently, the circulation are coins only $ 1, $ 2, $ 5, and $ 3 in the bill, which will only be accepted on the territory of Cook Islands. [2]
Dollar at par value equal to the Cook Islands New Zealand.
Тем не менее экономические трудности в стране в 1990-х годах (в том числе, дефицит бюджета) привели к потере доверия к доллару Островов Кука в 1994 году, поэтому уже в 1995 году выпуск местных денег был прекращён.[1] В настоящее время в обращении находятся только монеты достоинством $1, $2, $5, а также банкнота в $3, которые принимаются только на территории Островов Кука.[2]
По номиналу доллар Островов Кука приравнивается к новозеландскому.

In 1871, for the Straits Settlements were issued silver coins in denominations of 5, 10 and 20 cents next year - copper coins of ¼, ½ and 1 cent, and in 1886 - silver coins in denominations of 50 cents. Silver dollars were first minted in 1903.
In the three-page special issue «Straits Settlements Government Gazette» on August 24, 1904 was published in August proclamation Governor Sir John Anderson, which states:
В 1871 году для Стрейтс-Сетлментс были выпущены серебряные монеты номиналом в 5, 10 и 20 центов, в следующем году — медные монеты номиналом в ¼, ½ и 1 цент, а в 1886 году — серебряные монеты номиналом в 50 центов. Серебряные доллары впервые были отчеканены в 1903 году.
В специальном трёхстраничном выпуске «Straits Settlements Government Gazette» от 24 августа 1904 августа была опубликована прокламация губернатора сэра Джона Андерсона, гласящая:

There are also still valid banknotes of 500 , 1,000, 5,000 , 10,000 dollars. They were produced before 1945 , and since 1969 has officially withdrawn from circulation (due to the use of electronic banking ) . [2] Their bonisticheskaya cost is much higher rating. For example, the cost of 5,000 bills at auctions can reach $ 10,000 . [3] Of all the banknotes issued 10 thousand dollars, the amount of which is monitored and the Fed last production was in 1944 (series 1934 ) , not retired only 130 pieces. Therefore, the cost of these rarities in catalogs usually not indicated.
Banknotes $ 100 000 issued in 1934, were not in circulation and used only for internal calculations Fed and Treasury .
Также существуют поныне действительные банкноты номиналом в 500, 1000, 5000, 10 000 долларов. Они выпускались до 1945 года, а с 1969 года официально изымаются из обращения (по причине использования электронных банковских платежей).[2] Их бонистическая стоимость намного выше номинала. К примеру стоимость 5000 купюры на аукционах может доходить до 10000 долларов США[3]. Из всех выпущенных банкнот номиналом 10 тысяч долларов, количество которых отслеживается ФРС и последний выпуск которых был в 1944 году (серия 1934 года), не изъяты из обращения только 130 штук. Поэтому стоимость этих раритетов в каталогах обычно вообще не указывается.
Банкноты 100 000 долларов выпущены в 1934 году, в обороте не находились и использовались только во внутренних расчётах ФРС и казначейства.

Tats and the central government to issue banknotes Confederation wide variety of denominations from 5 cents to $ 1,000. They depicted a variety of scenes from the life of the southern states - from Confederate soldiers to the workers on the plantation slaves, Confederate leaders, historical figures (Washington), scenes from Greek mythology.
таты и центральное правительство Конфедерации выпускало банкноты самых разнообразных номиналов от 5 центов до 1000 долларов. На них изображались самые различные сцены из жизни южных штатов — от солдат Конфедерации до трудящихся на плантации рабов, лидеры Конфедерации, исторические личности (Вашингтон), сцены из греческой мифологии.

Bank of Taiwan New Taiwan Dollar released June 15, 1949 to replace the former Taiwanese dollar. Exchange was made at a ratio of 40,000 - 1. One of the reasons for the replacement was to fight inflation, which started in the country after the civil war in China.
Банк Тайваня выпустил Новый тайваньский доллар 15 июня 1949 года на замену прежнему тайваньскому доллару. Обмен производился в соотношении 40,000 — 1. Одна из причин замены была борьба с инфляцией, которая началась в стране после гражданской войны в Китае.

The dollar (currency code - TTD) - the official currency of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago since 1964 (before that was circulated in the country dollar British West Indies). 1 Dollar is divided into 100 cents.
There are coins of 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 cents; banknote 1, 5, 10, 20, 100 dollars
До́ллар (код валюты — TTD) — официальная валюта республики Тринидад и Тобаго с 1964 года (до этого в стране имел хождение доллар Британской Вест-Индии). 1 доллар состоит из 100 центов.
В обращении находятся монеты в 1, 5, 10, 25 и 50 центов; банкноты в 1, 5, 10, 20, 100 долларов.

Between 1966 and 1976, the islands were in circulation only Australian dollars. But in 1976 appeared Dollar Tuvalu, which exists only in the form of coins (as used banknotes Australian dollars). There is no central bank.
В период с 1966 по 1976 год на островах находились в обращении только австралийские доллары. Но в 1976 году появился доллар Тувалу, который существует только в виде монет (в качестве банкнот используются австралийские доллары). В стране отсутствует центральный банк.

Until the 1840s, on a par with the British pound coins and local issues, and coins accessed Spain. From 1840 until 1969 the monetary unit was the Jamaican pound. In addition, from 1955 to 1964 were circulated West Indian dollars.
Jamaican dollar as an official currency in the Cayman Islands until the introduction there in 1972 its own currency - the dollar Cayman Islands.
До 1840 года наравне с британским фунтом и монетами местных выпусков, обращались и монеты Испании. С 1840 до 1969 года денежной единицей был ямайский фунт. Кроме того, с 1955 по 1964 год имели хождение вест-индские доллары.
Ямайский доллар использовался в качестве официальной валюты на Каймановых островах до введения там в 1972 году собственной валюты — доллара Каймановых островов.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Альтернативный рок

extracted_text:
The
History of Alternative Rock.
What is alternative rock?
Stylistic origins
Cultural origins
Typical instruments
Mainstream popularity
Punk rock, post-punk, hardcore punk, New Wave
Late 1970s, Early 1980s, United Kingdom and United States
Electric guitar – bass guitar – drums – sometimes keyboards
Limited before the success of grunge and Britpop in the 1990s. Widespread since then.
Alternative rock
is a genre of rock music that emerged in the 1980s and became wildly popular in the 1990s.
alternative music,
alt rock,
alternative
=

also called
consists of various subgenres that have emerged from the independent music scene since the 1980s, such as
College rock – Dream pop – Post-grunge –
Math rock – Noise pop – Noise rock –
Paisley Underground – Post-Britpop –
Jangle pop  - Post-rock – Shoegazing
Britpop
Grunge
Gothic rock
Indie pop
Indie rock

These genres are unified by their collective debt to the style and/or ethos of
Punk rock
which laid the groundwork for alternative music in the 1970s
Also includes such genres as
Before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms.
In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about.
College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the college radio circuit and the tastes of college students.
In the United Kingdom - dozens of very small DIY (do it yourself) record labels, charts based on small record stores called "Alternative Charts“.
The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980. The term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, it had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, rather than simply distribution status.
The use of the term alternative to describe rock music originated around the mid-1980s
The term alternative rock
At first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by "heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave" and "high-energy dance anthems".
Alternative rock in Russia.
In Russia alternative rock appeared in the middle of 90s. Such groups as Amatory, Jane Air, PsiHeya, Tequilajazzz and many others started to appear. They were quite different but one thing distinguished them - traditional Russian rock and popular music. Nowadays there are groups that play alternative metal: Origami, Slot and many others.
   My favorite group.
Skillet is an American Christian rock band formed in Memphis, Tennessee in 1996.
John Cooper is the only original member remaining in the band.
Skillet formed in 1996 with two members: John Cooper and Ken Steorts.
Then Trey McClurkin joined the band.
Steorts left the band and Kevin Haaland joined the band. Korey Cooper joined the band this time too.
Then Trey McClurkin left Skillet, and Lori Peters joined the group.
After that Haaland left the band, and Ben Kasica got into Skillet.
In January 2008, Lori Peters retired from the band and Jen Ledger joined it.
John Cooper
Korey Cooper
Ben Kasica
Jen Ledger
Members’ movements
Nowadays there are 4 members in the band:

Thanks for your attention.
Bye!
Form: 8 ‘A’
Novitskiy Kirill


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Karl Marx

extracted_text:
KARL MARX
1818 - 1883
Janelle Baideme and Lindsay Bell
BACKGROUND
Idealist
Materialist
Nominalist
Born: May 5th, 1818 in Trier, Prussia in                          Rhineland. First was called “Carl”.
Died on March 17th, 1883
Trier benefited from Progressive                     Philosophy of the Enlightenment such                      as the public work projects.
One of 9 children and only one to live until 40.

BACKGROUND
Raised with mix of Judaism, Christianity, and Secularism
Karl’s Parents: Rabbi
Mother: A Dutch Jew who, unlike her husband, was only semi-literate. She claimed to suffer from "excessive mother love", devoting much time to her family, and insisting on cleanliness within her home.
Father: Lawyer, broke away from religious heritage by being the first to gain secular education.

BACKGROUND
Father: Represented departure from Jewish teachings and took the opportunities of trades and professions.

Jews were once deprived.

Intellectual influences
Enlightenment ideals of humans being able to alter their environment to allow for fuller human capacity.
Ideals of Romanticism where Marx developed a concern for individuals and collective struggles.
Intellectual influences
Kant’s philosophy that antagonism between men was the ultimate driving force in history. Conflict is inevitable.
Hegelian thought that objectivity is a product of the mind’s activity. Humans fall into “bondage” of the laws and events that we create. Marx developed ideas of reification through this concept.
GERMAN IDEALISM
Intellectual influences
GERMAN IDEALISM
Hegel’s philosophy:
Dialectic – a way of thinking that stresses the importance of processes, relations, dynamics, conflicts, and contradictions.
Idealism – emphasizes the importance of the mind and mental products rather than the material world.
Marx used some of Hegel’s notions to construct ideas that society is a construct of human’s and can therefore be shaped and reshaped by humans.
Intellectual influences
GERMAN IDEALISM
Young Hegelians
Gospels were works of imagination.
If you rid the world of religious illusions, you remove the misery from people’s minds.
Holistic approach where everything should be considered (totality) from beginning to end. One must start with the family unit when exploring society.
Intellectual influences
LUDWIG FEUERBACH
Feuerbach helped Marx realize Hegel’s ideas of subjective idealism was not as important as material reality.
Feuerbach furthered Marx’s ideas on religion by stating that God is merely a human projection, and that humans place God above themselves. This acts as an alienation process for humans.
Human history is man made and therefore humans must realize happiness in this life.
Intellectual influences
FRIEDRICH ENGELS
Engels helped Marx realize that the proletariat would rise up in revolution to save itself.
Marx realized, through Engels, the concrete conditions and misery of the working class. This helped him realize all of history was a class struggle.
Every class struggle is a political struggle, therefore there is a connection of politics and the economy.
CONCEPTS & CONTRIBUTIONS
Society is divided into two major classes:

Proletariat – The working class (creators of the means of production)
Bourgeoisie – The owners of capital.

CONCEPTS & CONTRIBUTIONS
HISTORICAL MATERIALISM
The process of change in the real world of material, physical reality.
Marx wanted a reconciliation of materialism and idealism by combining scientific aspects of materialism with the historical components of idealism.
Marx’s dialectical approach – mind and matter, spirit and nature, together constitute the unified structure of reality.

Freedom and slavery are both ideas and exist in the real world. However, religions are just opiates that hamper human condition useless.
CONCEPTS & CONTRIBUTIONS
HISTORICAL MATERIALISM

Man has a need for material satisfaction.
Capitalism was necessary to advance human capital.
Human history is that through which humans change themselves and change nature (where animals cannot).
Humans realize they can produce their own means of subsistence.
The production of material life is the cornerstone of history.
Once primary needs are met, humans seek secondary needs, and some reach secondary needs before others (division of labor)
Class distinction determined by possessions (land).
CONCEPTS & CONTRIBUTIONS
CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS

This is determined by one’s relative position to the means of production and access to scarce resources.
It is a common identification among members of a given class.
Once workers realized their common suffering, they would unite in revolution!
WORKERS OF THE WORLD UNITE!!!
DYSLEXICS OF THE WORLD UNTIE!!!
CONCEPTS & CONTRIBUTIONS
CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS

4. Workers could only unite once they ridded themselves of false consciousness.
	- The inability to see where one’s best interest lies.
	- Religion was a main force behind this.
5. Classes are structures external to, and coercive of, people
6. Possession of property becomes the ultimate determination of class formation and the inevitable development of class struggle.
CONCEPTS & CONTRIBUTIONS
GRUNDRISSE
A manuscript written by Marx not published until 1941.

The ruling class must keep the workers subjected to their authority, yet are dependent upon their labor for wealth.
Labor is reproduced through wages.
Alienation results when humans become dominated by the force of their own creation (money, religion, etc.).
It confronts humans as alien powers.
CONCEPTS & CONTRIBUTIONS
ALIENATION
Four Types:

Workers are alienated from objects they produce. They do not own what they produce.
Workers are alienated from the process of production. They are not working for their own needs, but for the capitalist.
Workers are alienated from themselves. They are not allowed to realize their potential performing the same task over and over on a daily basis.
Workers are alienated from their fellow workers. They are either isolated or in direct competition with their companions.
CONCEPTS & CONTRIBUTIONS
$
Money is the pimp for humanity’s needs. It
becomes the object of
desire and alienates
humans from their true essence.
Fetishism of Commodities – workers fail to realize that their labor is what gives commodities their value.
CONCEPTS & CONTRIBUTIONS
IDEAS ON CAPITAL

Capital involves the social relationship between buyers and sellers of labor power.
Workers were exploited by a system they helped produce. Once they realized this, they could change the system.
The superstructure of society consists of the sum total of the relations of production (raw materials, labor, and technology) and those who control production (capitalists).
Private property is the private ownership of the means of production by the capitalists.
CONCEPTS & CONTRIBUTIONS
COMMUNISM

In order for people to realize their human potential, they must overthrow the validity of private property.
The means of production should be shared equally through public ownership.
Under communism, people could realize their full potential.
Marx wanted all people to realize their full human potential and this could only occur once alienation, division of labor, private property, and other obstacles that blocked it were eliminated.
A worldwide revolution would occur in which the workers would overthrow the capitalists and create a classless society.

CONCEPTS & CONTRIBUTIONS
COMMUNISM
RELEVANCY
Poet, Philosopher, Sociologist, Economist, Historian, and a major gain to Sociological Thought.
Expert with controversy and opposing interpretations.
A Revolutionist t to overthrow
capitalism and fought for the rights                                                      of workers.
Contributed to the Liberation of the                        Modern Proletariat.
His Concept of Communism served as a guiding tool toward a perfect Society

RELEVANCY
Marx wanted to REWRITE the rules to society. He was a revolutionary.

Communist ideas were somewhat utopian.

Governments can create laws to protect workers.

Marx never saw the development of the middle class and the power of labor unions.

Social justice programs have developed to help those in need.
PHILOSOPHY
Marx has been called "the first great user of Critical Method critical in social sciences."
He criticized speculative philosophy, equating metaphysics with ideology.
By using the above approach, Marx attempted to separate key findings from ideological bias and it set him apart from many contemporary philosophers.

PHILOSOPHY
Believes that humans are not trapped in a predetermined state of being.
It is humans who made history, therefore they can change it.

Viewed Capitalism as a step toward progressive society.

PHILOSOPHY
Realism v. Idealism: Since society can decide for itself, there are different interpretations

Realism v. Nominalism : The Tangible world and capitalism.
    -Ideas exist in tangible world.
    -Connects abstract to real.

Idealist v. Materialist:
-Not about spirituality
- Human struggle and capital.

OCCUPY!!!!
Americans frustrated with the disparity in wealth distribution and income inequality in the United States took to the streets to “take back Wall Street.”


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект English Holidays

extracted_text:
Completed student grade 6 Irina Barkova
Выполнила ученица 6 класса Баркова Ирина
Holidays in EnglandКаникулы в Англии
autumn holidayОсенние каникулы
autumn holiday

The most important English autumn holiday – HalloweenСамым главным в английских осенних каникулах - праздник Хэллоуин
On this day children and even some adults dress up in different costumes and go from house to house asking the same question "Treat or trick ? ". If the host has not opened the door or not give candy , the children have the right to make him a little nasty
В этот день дети и даже некоторые взрослые переодеваются в разные костюмы и ходят по домам задавая один и тот же вопрос "Угощение или трюк ? ". Если хозяин дома не открыл дверь или не дал конфет , дети в праве сделать ему маленькую пакость
On this day all the people decorate their houses scary . The course is all . Cobwebs , old dolls , gravestones and more . В этот день все люди устрашающе украшают свои дома . В ход идёт всё . Паутина , старые куклы , надгробья и всё другое .

And probably the most recognizable sign of Halloween was the pumpkinИ наверное самым узнаваемым признаком Хэллоуина стала тыква
According to legend, there lived a farmer named Jack loved to grow pumpkins . But he was a bad person .He was gambling and drinking often . From this after his death, he went not to heaven , not in hell . And here on the night of 31 October to 1 November , he puts on his pumpkin and goes to England to scare people .
По легенде жил фермер по имени Джек очень любил выращивать тыквы . Но он был плохим человеком .Он играл в азартные игры и часто выпивал . Изо этого после его смерти он не попал не в рай , не в ад . И вот в ночь с 31 октября на 1 ноября , он одевает на голову тыкву и ходит по Англии что бы пугать людей.
winter holidayзимние каникулы

On winter holiday fall Christmas and New Year .На зимние каникулы выпадают рождество и Новый Год .
Christmas Рождество

Christmas the English Catholic . It falls on December 25 .Рождество у Англичан католическое  . Оно выпадает на 25 декабря .

new yearновый год

New year the English are not very different from ours . Children also look for gifts under the Christmas tree , decorated the house, etc. But the children await not Santa Claus and Santa Claus .
Новый год в английском не сильно отличаются от наших . Дети также ищут подарки под елкой , украшают дом, и др. Но дети ждут не Деда Мороза, а Санта Клауса .

Дед Мороз
Santa Claus .
Of course like everywhere in England, children are skating , sledging , skiing , mold snowmen and playing snowballs .Ну конечно как и во всём мире в Англии дети катаются на коньках , санках , лыжах , лепят снеговиков и играют в снежки .
spring holidaysВесенние каникулы

Spring break British not than do not differ from our own .Given that in England the climate was brutal in the spring there can be a good to catch a cold . Весенние каникулы англичан не чем не отличаются от наших .Учитывая что в Англии ужасный климат весной там можно хорошенько простудиться .
summer holidayЛетние каникулы

London in the summer, opens with its best sides, but many English people trying to leave the stifling capital and to leave the city.Лондон в летнее время раскрывается с самых лучших своих сторон, однако многие англичане стараются покинуть душную столицу и уехать за город.
So we can conclude that the majority of young Englishmen spend their summers in the village.Так что можно сделать вывод что большинство маленьких англичан проводят лето в деревне.
Thank you very much for your attentionБольшое спасибо за внимание


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект London Sights

extracted_text:
London Sights

   1. Buckingham Palace is the official London residence and principal workplace of the British monarch. The palace isn't open to the public.

     Buckingham Palace

     2. The Houses of Parliament is the seat of the  British Government. It is also known as the Palace of Westminster. Big Ben is the name of the clock on the Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament.
 Houses of Parliament
                Trafalgar Square
    3. Trafalgar Square, the largest square in London, is often considered the heart of London.In the centre of Trafalgar Square there is a big column. At the top of the column there is a statue of Admiral Nelson who had to fight the French at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805.
   4. London Eye is on the Thames. It's the largest observation wheel in the world. London eye is very popular with tourists.
              London Eye

    5. Madame Tussauds is a museum that contains wax models of famous people including The Royal Family, world leaders and music legends.
   6.The  Tower of London was a fortress, a castle, a prison in the past. Now it's the oldest museum in London.
The  Tower of London
    7. It is the traditional place of coronation and burial site for British monarchs of the Commonwealth realms. It is the most beautiful church and one of the oldest parts of Westminster. Many English kings and queens are buried in Westminster.
       Westminster Abbey
    8. Three hundred years ago Greenwich was a village and now it is a part of London. Queen Elizabeth I lived in the Greenwich Palace. The Greenwich Observatory is the center of time and space because the prime meridian of the Earth, which divides east from west passes there. If you stand over the line, you can have one foot in each hemisphere.
    The Greenwich Observatory
   9. Oxford Street is one of London's most popular shopping destinations. It  stands on the river Thames. England’s oldest and best university is there.
Thank you!!!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Города в Австралии

extracted_text:
Архипова Светлана ВасильевнаАОУ СОШ № 14 г. Долгопрудногоучитель английского языка
Cities of
Australia
Adelaide
Adelaide - Capital of South Australia. А pretty and industrial city. Population of about 1,100,000

Brisbain
: Brisbain - Capital of Queensland.Tropical climate makes it а year-round vacation place.Population of about 1,400,000

Canberra
Саnbеrrа - Capital of Australia. Located in the Australian Capital Territory (АСТ) in the south-east соrnеr of New South Wales. Only Australian Capital which is not situated оп the seacoast

Darwin
Darwin - Capital and the largest city of the Northern Territory. Tropical climate. Population of about 70,000

Hobart
Hobart - Capital of the Australian island-state Tasmania. Winters аrе cold. Population of about200,000

Perth
Perth - Capital of the state of Western Australia. One of the best climate in Australia. Populationof about 1,200,000

Sydney
Sydney - Capital of New South Wales. It is the oldest and largest and leading industrial city.Nearly а quarter of all Australians live there. Population is about 3,700,000

Melbourn
Melbourn - Capital of Victoria. Second largest city in Australia. Population is about 3,200,000


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Личное письмо на английском языке

extracted_text:
ПИСЬМО: секрет  успеха
ЕГЭ.  Задание С1. Базовый уровень.
pptcloud.ru
ЗАДАНИЕ С1:личное письмо
При написании письма следует придерживаться следующих правил:
ЗАДАНИЕ С1:личное письмо
Указать адрес в правом верхнем углу в следующем порядке:
                         -№ дома     название улицы
                         -город
                         -страна
  Допускается краткий адрес:
                                             Moscow
                                             Russia
Под адресом – дата:
                                             07.06.13   или
                                             7 June 2013  или
                                             June 7th, 2013

ЗАДАНИЕ С1:личное письмо
Письмо начинаем с неофициального обращения:

Dear Tim,    (Dear Rebecca,)

После обращения обязательно (!!!) ставится  ЗАПЯТАЯ (!!!)
ЗАДАНИЕ С1:личное письмо
Письмо необходимо разделить на абзацы, каждый из которых начинается с красной строки!
ЗАДАНИЕ С1:личное письмо
1 абзац:
Благодарность за письмо:

-Thanks (a lot) for your last letter.
-Your last letter was a real surprise.
-I was glad to get your letter.
-It was great to hear from you! / It was great to hear that… / I was happy to hear…
ЗАДАНИЕ С1:личное письмо
Можно извиниться , что не писали раньше:
-Sorry, I haven’t written for so long but… / Sorry, I haven’t been in touch for so long.
-I’m sorry I haven’t answered earlier but I was really busy with my school.
 И /ИЛИ упомянуть какой-нибудь факт из полученного письма:
- I’m glad you passed your History test!
-Sounds like  you had a great time in London!
-Great news about your…!

ЗАДАНИЕ С1:личное письмо
2-3 абзацы:
Основная часть письма. В ней раскрываются все аспекты, указанные в задании. НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ (!!!) задать необходимые вопросы!!!

Допускается использование неформальных слов-связок: WELL, BY THE WAY, SO, ANYWAY и разговорные выражения типа GUESS WHAT? WISH ME LUCK!

             WARNING!!!
НЕЛЬЗЯ(!!!) сразу давать ответы на вопросы.
НЕОБХОДИМ «мостик» для соединения 1 и 2 абзаца, например:
-In your letter you asked me…

И только затем – ответы на вопросы!

ПОМНИТЕ, что косвенный вопрос имеет другую структуру!!!
ЗАДАНИЕ С1:личное письмо
3 (4)абзац -  запрос информации.
ПОМНИТЕ:
НЕЛЬЗЯ(!!!) сразу начинать с вопросов. Вам снова потребуется фраза-связка с предыдущим абзацем либо ссылка на письмо друга, например:
-By the way, I wonder (между прочим, интересно…)  или
-You’ve written about (your plans for…) / -You’ve mentioned (your sister’s birthday)…
-ВОПРОСЫ  должны быть разных типов и не должны дублировать друг друга!
EX.: This summer we plan to go hiking with my parents.
Вопрос “What are you going to do in summer” – НЕ ЗАСЧИТАЕТСЯ!!!
Вопросы могут быть такими:
-Where are you planning to go hiking?
What equipment do you need?
Will it be in July?
ЗАДАНИЕ С1:личное письмо
4(5) абзац:
  Объясняем, почему мы заканчиваем письмо:
-Well, I’d better go now as I have to do my homework.

-Anyway, I have to go now because my Mum asked me to help her with the washing up.

-I’ve got to go now! It’s time for my favourite TV show.
ЗАДАНИЕ С1:личное письмо
Не забудьте упомянуть о дальнейших контактах:

-Write back soon!
-Take care and keep in touch!
-Drop me a letter when you can.
-Hope to hear from you soon.
-I can’t wait to hear from you!

ЗАДАНИЕ С1:личное письмо
В конце письма – завершающая фраза – клише (после которой ставится ЗАПЯТАЯ!!!)
-All the best,
-Best wishes,
-With the best wishes,
-Yours,
Имя автора (без точки!!!)

ЗАДАНИЕ С1:личное письмо
ТРЕБОВАНИЯ К ОБЪЕМУ – 100-140 слов
Количество баллов – 6
Время – 20 минут
Из них:
-2-3 минуты – анализ задания и составление плана ответа
-2-3 минуты – составление ключевых слов и словосочетаний к каждому пункту плана
-12-13 минут – написание письма
2-3 минута - проверка
По окончании письма проверьте:
1.Даны ли ответы на все вопросы?
2.Заданы ли три вопроса вашему другу по переписке?
3.Соблюдена ли необходимая структура письма и выделены ли абзацы?
4.Соблюдены ли правила оформления письма, принятые в стране изучаемого языка; использован ли неофициальный стиль письма и нормы вежливости?
5.Языковое оформление текста, орфографию и пунктуационные знаки.

 УСПЕХОВ
             НА
               ЭКЗАМЕНЕ!!!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект My favourite writer

extracted_text:
My favourite Writer
Explain in English:
What is a historical novel?
What is a horror story?
What is a romance?
What is a thriller?
What is science fiction?
What is an adventure story?
What is a fairy-tale?
What is a biography?
What is a western?
A Historical fiction is a genre in which the plot is set amidst historical events, or more generally, in which the author uses real events but adds one or more fictional characters or events, or changes the sequence of historical events.

A Horror fiction is a genre of literature, which is intended to, or has the capacity to scare its readers, inducing feelings of horror and terror. Horror can be either supernatural or non-supernatural.

A Romance novel is a literary genre developed in Western culture, mainly in English-speaking countries. Novels in this genre place their primary focus on the relationship and romantic love between two people, and must have an "emotionally satisfying and optimistic ending.

A Thriller is a broad genre of literature, film and television that includes numerous and often overlapping sub-genres.[citation needed] Thrillers are characterized by fast pacing, frequent action, and resourceful heroes who must thwart the plans of more powerful and better equipped villains.

A Science fiction is a genre of fiction. It differs from fantasy in that, within the context of the story, its imaginary elements are largely possible within scientifically established or scientifically postulated laws of nature (though some elements in a story might still be pure imaginative speculation).

A Fairy tale is a distinct genre within the larger category of folktale, the definition that marks a work as a fairy tale is a source of considerable dispute.

A biography is a description or account of someone's life and the times, which is usually published in the form of a book or an essay, or in some other form, such as a film.

The Western is a fiction genre seen in film, television, radio, literature, painting and other visual arts. Westerns are devoted to telling stories set primarily in the later half of the 19th century in what became the Western United States (known as the American Old West or Wild West), but also jack in Western Canada, Mexico (The Wild Bunch, Vera Cruz), Alaska (The Far Country, North to Alaska) and even Australia (Quigley Down Under, The Proposition).
The discussion in groups
Information for the chairman
Let’s start
Question 1 is
Let’s listen to Kate
Thank you
And do you think, Igor?
Questions for discussion
Do you read modern Russian literature?
Do you read classical Russian literature?
Who is your favourite writer?
Is he/she Russian or British (American, French, German)?
Conversation bricks
Complete the sentence
I taught ______ how to play the guitar.
Susan taught ______ to speak Italian.
You don't need any help. You can do that ______ .
Nobody helped me. I did it all ______ .
John and Kate built their house ______ .
I cut ______ when I was shaving.
Sally fell down some stairs but luckily she didn't hurt ______ .
We had a great evening. We really enjoyed ______ .
I behaved very badly. I'm really ashamed of ______ .
If you need anything, please help ______ .How was the concert, Pat and Mike?
 Did you enjoy ______ ?
Try to understand how I feel. Put ______ in my shoes.
Look! John is talking to ______ .
I don't need any money. I can pay for ______ .
She has broken both her arms and cannot feed ______ .
Stop working so much. Your going to make ______ ill.
He's very selfish. He only thinks of ______ .
They've got ______ a new cat.
We've bought ______ a new car.
This exercise is stupid. It's time to have ______ a break!