title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Burns’ Supper

extracted_text:
Международный конкурс презентаций
"Я мыслью улечу к брегам туманным Альбиона"
(конкурс презентаций об англоязычных странах),
организованный Сообществом Взаимопомощи учителей
                                                         www.pedsovet.su
Презентация
по английскому языку
по теме : “Burns’ Night”
для учащихся 9-11 классов
Подготовила
учитель английского языка
первой  квалификационной категории
МБОУ СОШ п. Солидарность
Елецкого муниципального района
Липецкой области
Кирсанова Наталья Николаевна

The suppers are normally held on or near the poet's birthday, 25 January, sometimes also known as Robert
          Burns Day (or Robbie Burns Day or Rabbie Burns
          Day) or Burns Night , although they may in
          principle be held at any time of the year.

A Burns supper
is a celebration
of the life
and poetry of the poet
Robert Burns,
author of many
Scots poems.

Background of the celebration
Robert Burns was born in Alloway, Scotland,
on January 25, 1759. He died in Dumfries, Scotland,
on July 21, 1796. He was a bard (poet) and wrote many
poems, lyrics and other pieces that addressed political
and civil issues. Perhaps his best known work is "Auld
Lang  Syne", which is sung at New Year’s Eve celebrations in Scotland, parts of the United Kingdom, and other places around the world.  Burns is one of Scotland's important cultural icons and is well known
           among Scottish expats or descendants around
            the world.

Burns suppers are
most  common in
Scotland and Northern
Ireland. Now they are
held by people and
organizations with Scottish
origins worldwide,
particularly in Australia,
Canada, England, and the
United States.

           There is a strong tradition in southern
            New Zealand's main city Dunedin, of which Burns‘
             nephew Thomas Burns was a founding father.

What do people do?
Many people
and organizations
hold a Burns‘ supper on or  around Burns'
Night.  These may
be informal or formal, only for men, only for women, or for both  genders.
Ceremonies during a Burns' Night supper vary according
            to the group organizing the event and the location.

Burns suppers typically
include  haggis
(a traditional Scottish dish celebrated by Burns in Address to a Haggis), Scotch whisky,
and the recitation of Burns's poetry.

                                   Formal dinners are hosted by
organizations such as Burns clubs, the Freemasons,
or St Andrew’s Societies and occasionally end with
         dancing when ladies are present. Formal suppers
           follow a standard format.

What do people do?

At Burns' Night events, many men wear kilts and women may wear shawls, skirts or dresses made from their family tartan. Particular patterns and combinations of colors were associated with different areas, clans and families.
What do people put on?

The Scottish flag is often displayed at Burns' Night celebrations. It is known as the Saltire and consists of a rectangular blue background with thick white bars on the diagonals. The diagonals form a cross that represents Saint Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland.

The main symbol of a Burns’ Night

Order of the supper
1. Start of the evening
    (piping in the guests)
2. Opening remarks
3. Supper
4. Immortal memory
5. Burns’ songs
6. Lost Manuscript Fragment
7. Toast to the Lassies
8. Response from the Lassies
9. Works by Burns
10. Vote of Thanks
11. Closing

1. Start of the evening
    (piping in the guests)

Guests gather, exchange the latest news, discuss the latest Burns’ editions and study whisky collection. The chairman of the Burns’ Society  and the host of the celebration acquaint guests with each other,
distribute the roles among guests of literary readings.

2. Opening remarks

The host says a few words welcoming everyone to the supper and perhaps stating the reason for it.
The event is declared open.

2. 1.  The Selkirk Grace

All of the guests are seated and the Selkirk Grace is said, a well-known thanksgiving said before meals, using the Scots language. It came to be called the
           Selkirk Grace because Burns was said to have
             delivered it at a dinner given by the Earl of
             Selkirk.

After ‘The Selkirk Grace” the supper begins.
It starts with the soup course. Normally a Scottish soup
such as Scotch Broth, Potato Soup or Cock-a-Leekie
                                         is served.

2. 2.  After The Selkirk Grace
Scotch Broth
Potato Soup
Cock-a-Leekie
soup

2.3 “Piping” of the haggis
This is always a haggis on a large dish. It is usually
           brought in by the cook, generally while a piper
            plays bagpipes and leads the way to the host's
            table, where the haggis is laid down.

As soon as the first part of the meal is over,
the Parade of the Haggis has been announced.
Everyone stands as the main course is brought in.

2.4 Address to a Haggis
The host, or perhaps a guest with a talent,
recites  “The Address to a Haggis”

At the line His knife see rustic Labour dicht
the speaker normally draws and sharpens a knife,
and at the line An' cut you up wi' ready slicht, plunges
it into the haggis and cuts it open from end to end. When
done properly this "ceremony" is a highlight of the
evening. At the end of the poem, a Scotch whisky toast
will be proposed to the haggis.

3. Supper

The haggis is traditionally served with mashed
potatoes (tatties) and mashed turnips
(A Scottish 'turnip' is an English 'swede') (neeps).
A dessert course, cheese courses, coffee, etc. may also be
part of the meal. For dessert may be cranachan or
Tipsy Laird (whisky trifle)

haggis with
tatties and
neeps
cranachan
Tipsy Laird
(whisky trifle)

3. Supper

4. Immortal Memory

One of the guests gives
a short speech, remembering
some aspect of Burns' life or poetry.
This may be light-hearted or intensely
serious. A good speaker always
prepares a speech with his audience
in mind, since above all the Burns'

supper should be entertaining. Typically an Immortal
Memory speech lasts about 20 to 25 minutes,
sometimes more. After the speech everyone drinks a
              toast to Robert Burns.

5. Burns’ songs
Singers are invited to perform songs by R. Burns during the evening. Musical interludes usually
            punctuate the readings and speeches that take
            place to provide  a balanced program.

6. Lost Manuscript Fragment
It’s time for the unique ritual – the demonstration of the lost manuscript fragment.
Everyone has the opportunity to get acquainted with the artifact.

7. Toast to the Lassies
This was originally a short
speech (it normally lasts 15 minutes) given by a male guest in
thanks to the women who had
prepared the meal. However,
nowadays it is much more
wide-ranging and generally covers
the male speaker's view on women.
It is normally amusing but not
offensive. The men drink a toast
to the women's health.

8. Response from the Lassies
This is occasionally (and humorously) called the "Toast to the Laddies" and, like the previous toast, it is generally quite wide-ranging nowadays. A female guest will give her views on men.

Like the previous speech, this should be amusing, but
              not offensive. Quite often the speakers giving
              this toast and the previous one will collaborate
        so  that the two toasts complement each other.

9. Works by R. Burns

If the guest isn’t ready, the host offers him / her to read any of the poem.
Foreign guests can also be invited to sing or say works from their land.

All the guests read, recite or sing their favourite
works by R. Burns. Everyone tries to participate
in this part of the celebration.

As part of the programme there will normally be
about  four readings of Burns's work. Readings are often
accompanied with appropriate theatrics and those invited
to deliver the readings are often very skilled at what they
do. Some of them even dress in costume for the reading.
9. Works by R. Burns

9. Works by R. Burns

The most favourite R.Burns’ poems for reciting are
Tam O’Shanter,
Address to the Unco Guid, To a Mouse
and Holy Willie’s Prayer

Since R. Burns liked to play jokes and have a time
cheerfully, it’s  normally to remember some national
features of Scottish people and smile at them. Also all
the participants of the Burns’ supper perform national Scottish dances.
9. Works by R. Burns

10.  Vote of Thanks
At the end of the evening someone will propose
a vote of thanks  to the artists and speakers.
This is an onerous task as the person nominated must spend the evening making notes of what everyone has done and trying to write a witty, 10 minute script about this.

         For this person it often means that no serious drinking can be done as he has to stay alert and listen to all that is said.

The      vote of thanks signals
              the end of the evenings formal proceedings
 but the celebrations can continue into the morning.

11. Closing

The Burns’s supper culmination is the joint performance
“Auld Lang Syne“ when all the guests stand, join hands,
           and sing this song ringing the evening to an end.

Источники иллюстраций
Шотландский флаг  (шаблон)
http://ic.pics.livejournal.com/kotsubinsky/12274883/275075/original.jpg
Портрет  Р. Бернса (шаблон)
http://www.cityofliterature.com/upload/images/57_Burns.jpg
Перо с чернильницей (шаблон)
http://bibl.com.ua/pars_docs/refs/11/10449/10449_html_340bb278.gif
4. Заставка Burns Supper (слайд 1)
http://www.phuketemagazine.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Burns-Supper1.jpg
5. Заставка Burns Night (слайд 2)
http://www.theflyawayamerican.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/burns.jpg
6. Заставка Burns Night (слайд 4)
http://www.partypacks.co.uk/images/products/product_72450_1.jpg
7. Заставка Burns Night (слайд 5)
http://www.thebellingatestone.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/event-burns-night.jpg
8. Заставка Burns Night (слайд 6)
http://www.tullahomacalendar.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/images/31jan_burns.34372201_std.jpg
9. Одежда шотландцев на Burns Supper (справа)
http://www.ringgame.net/Holiday2002/burns13.jpg
10. Одежда шотландцев на Burns Supper (внизу)
http://media.al.com/pr-community-news/photo/10419256-large.jpg
Флаг Шотландии (слайд 8)
http://s1134.photobucket.com/user/aquilla8/media/scotland.gif.html
12.  Заставка “Happy Burns Night” (слайд 9)
http://www.rooftoppost.co.uk/free/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Burns-Supper-decoration-portrait-bunting.jpg

Источники иллюстраций

13.  Start of the evening (слайд 10)
http://www.maine.gov/dps/msp/images/pipes2.JPG
14.  Opening remarks (слайд 11)
http://www.robertburns.org.uk/Assets/Images/top.jpg
15.  The Selkirk Grace (слайд 12)
http://www.mearnscraft.co.uk/crests/crstpics/burns/selkirk1.JPG
16.  Scotch Broth (слайд 13)
http://www.aguanaboca.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/1186853_10151791113555479_548397060_n.jpg
17.  Potato Soup (слайд 13)
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_dZo76GznltE/TOrnKJmJzGI/AAAAAAAABNU/vPw5rkN1zMw/s400/Chicken%2BSoup.jpg
18.  Cock-a-Leekie soup (слайд 13)
http://img.cooklime.com/Recipe/f7702/1.jpg
19.  Повар вносит haggis в зал (слайд 14)
http://www.stokely.org/20050121-wadham-burns/pict2750.jpg
20.  Haggis на подносе (слайд 14)
http://blog.diewhiskybotschaft.de/wp-content/uploads/Haggis-2_by_diewhiskybotschaft.de_.jpg
Хозяин режет haggis (слайд 16)
http://nomikomu.com/images/made/images/uploads/haggis-burns-night-supper_39038_600x450_693_520_s_c1.jpg
22. Разрезанный haggis на столе (слайд 16)
http://www.doyle.com.au/Awen/Summer2012/img/img67.jpg
23. Haggis with  tatties and neeps (слайд 17)
http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%83-haggis-23229089.jpg

Источники иллюстраций

24. Сranachan (слайд 17)
http://andreayaya.typepad.com/.a/6a00d83452929269e20148c7f4ab0a970c-pi
25. Tipsy Laird (whisky trifle) (слайд 17)
http://www.hospitalityandcateringnews.com/wp-content/uploads/Traditional-Scottish-whisky-trifle.jpg
26. Immortal Memory (слайд 18)
http://www.robertburns.org.uk/Assets/Images/immortalmemory.jpg
27. Burns’ songs (слайд 19, слева)
http://kuban-rscds.narod.ru/photo-alb/newburns2004/burns2004_3.jpg
28. Burns’ songs (слайд 19, справа)
http://www.schiffchen-duisburg.de/cms/upload/Veranstaltungen/Schotten/Burns_Night_2011_Schiffchen.jpg
29. Lost Manuscript (слайд 20)
http://blogs.ubc.ca/rbscnew/files/2013/01/rbsc_arc_1167_2_7_1.jpg
30. Toast to the Lassies (слайд 21)
http://www.alanbenson.de/humor/tribute/BN13.JPG
31. Response from the Lassies (слайд 22)
http://daxel.fr/wp-content/gallery/ville/bagpiper-whisky-review-i4.jpg
32. Works by Burns (слайд 23)
http://www.robertburns.org.uk/Assets/Images/reading.jpg
33. Works by Burns (слайд 24, слева)
http://www.maybole.org/news/2005/February/cairnaddress1.jpg
34. Works by Burns (слайд 24, справа)
http://www.gizemakkan.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Burns-Supper11.jpg
35. Cборник произведений Р.Бернса (зеленый)
http://i.ebayimg.com/06/!Bl%29imTQ!Wk~$%28KGrHqIOKjwEtEPqd5-hBLdBUPQjq!~~_35.JPG

Источники иллюстраций

36. Cборник произведений Р.Бернса (синий)
http://www.hartsfinebooks.com/pictures/845.jpg
37. Шотландские танцы (слайд 26, вверху)
http://rustoria.ru/images/content/w1000/63/63efbfd8539a553598a4bd9c57c28da7?r=1428039125111266416
38. Шотландские танцы (слайд 26, внизу)
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dw3osiF9XlI/UP3DW7o-gjI/AAAAAAAADn0/cbJu5uHmIMk/s1600/Burns-Night3.jpg
39. Vote of Thanks (слайд 27)
http://www.xpatloop.com/controls/thimage.aspx?img=/upload/gallery/669/f335cf02-c202-4bda-8548-4285a9841e79.jpg&w=610
40. Все танцуют под песню Auld Lang Syne (слайд 28)
http://www.kuban-rscds.narod.ru/photo-alb/burns2003/burns2003_5.jpg
41. Логотип конкурса презентаций об англоязычных странах
http://pedsovet.su/_pu/57/37852806.jpg
42. Логотип Cообщества Взаимопомощи учителей
http://katti.ucoz.ru/_pu/41/24899434.png
43. Address to a Haggis (cлайд 15)
http://www.scottishstudies.com/951td10-25.jpg

Источники текстовой информации

http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/uk/burns-night
http://www.masterclass.nnov.ru/interesting/holiday/burns/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burns_supper
http://www.visitscotland.com/blog/scotland/burns-night-guide/
http://schoolrm.ru›Список школ›МОУ Гимназия›…_action/Burns_Supper…

Address to a haggis
http://www.activityvillage.co.uk/sites/default/files/images/address_to_a_haggis_printable_460_0.jpg
2. My heart’s in the Highlands
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/B8NhuHPCcAAyGO3.jpg
3. A red, red rose
http://www.dltk-holidays.com/valentines/images/s/s-redredrose.gif
4. Tam O’Shanter
http://www.robertburns.org.uk/Assets/Poems_Songs/tamoshanter.htm
5. Address to Unco Guid
http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/address-to-the-unco-guid/
6. To a Mouse
http://www.robertburns.org.uk/Assets/Poems_Songs/toamouse.htm
7. Holy Willie’s Prayer
http://www.robertburns.org.uk/Assets/Poems_Songs/holy_willie.htm

Источники текстовой информации
(тексты стихотворений Р. Бернса)


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Restaurant«GREEN APPLE»

extracted_text:
Restaurant«GREEN  APPLE»

Our restaurant - famous for delicious Italian food.
Apple-green is a stylish restaurant with plenty of mirrors, massive chandeliers, comfortable tables with full chamber serving. Here is stunning at the same time a very cozy atmosphere.

In our menu, lots of variety of Italian dishes, but I can recommend the most popular and delicious of them:
Italian salad with ham, cheese and vegetables.
Pizza - it can be called a national food Italians, which is an open cake covered with tomatoes and melted cheese.
Lasagna - another traditional dish of Italy. It is made of several layers of dough with layers of stuffing on top of all this pudding filled with bechamel sauce. Filling can be minced, vegetable stew, tomatoes, spinach, cheese and much more.
Tortellini - are Italian dumplings that are made from unleavened dough with meat, vegetables and cheese.
Tiramisu - is the most popular dessert around the world. It consists of coffee, eggs, mascarpone cheese and biscuits.
Tramezzino - this triangular sandwich or sandwich. Popular filling for him considered tuna, prosciutto and olives.
Panna cotta - an Italian dessert of cream, vanilla and sugar.
Panini - Italian sandwich or closed sandwich. It is made from white bread, most of baguette and served hot. Classic filling for him was mozzarella, ham, pesto and tomatoes.
Chicken Parmigiana - baked chicken breast with parmesan cheese and tomato sauce. This is especially popular dish in Sicily.
Bruschetta - classic Central Italian dish that can be attributed to the snacks. A distinctive feature of bruschetta is that pre-deep fried slices of bread.
Scrolls of beverage can offer "LATTE" - coffee the most popular drink in Italy.
Great addition to coffee are Italian croissants!
In our cozy restaurant, you can feel at home: you can order everything that is indicated in our menu, any dish or drink. So do we have free wireless "Wi fi". Our "paradise" will always welcome you.
Have a good time!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Country Study

extracted_text:
Presentation
Country Study
Film production companies of the United States
Compailed by Iryna Napadiy and Marta Dombrovska
Form VII (11)-A
LUGH
Teacher N. Stakhnyak
Film production companies of the United States
DreamworksAnimation
DreamWorks Animation creates high-quality entertainment, including CGanimated feature films, television specials and series and live  entertainment properties, meant for audiences around the world. The Company has world-class creative talent, a strong and experienced management team and advanced film making technology and techniques. DreamWorks Animation has been
named one of the “100 Best Companies to Work For” by FORTUNE Magazine
for four consecutive years. In 2013, DreamWorks Animation ranks #12 on the
list. All of DreamWorks Animation’s feature films are produced in 3D. The
Company has theatrically released a total of 27 animated feature films.
Company released such movies like Shrek, Madagascar, Kung Fu Panda, How to Train Your Dragon, Puss In Boots and The Croods.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
MGM and its legendary roaring lion logo was formed in April 1924, by theater magnate Marcus Lowe. During a golden three decades from 1924 to 1954, the Culver City-based studio dominated the movie business, creating a Best Picture nominee every year for two straight decades. One of the more memorable years at the Academy Awards® was in 1939 when MGM's Gone With the Wind and MGM's The Wizard of Oz were both nominated for Best Picture. Gone With the Wind took home Best Picture that year, along with 8 other Oscars. The Wizard of Oz secured two Oscars.
LOGOS:
1st Logo(August 16, 1930-July 18, 1942)
2nd Logo(August 22, 1942-August 3, 1946)
3rd Logo(August 31, 1946-May 17, 1952)
4th Logo(March 15, 1952, June 14, 1952-September 18, 1954)
5th Logo(September 7, 1961-December 1, 1962, 1965)
The most famous movie of this studio is “TOM AND JERRY”
1940-1957
Cartoon hero
“Mammy Two Shoes’’
Paramount Pictures
Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving film
studio in the world. It is one of the largest
(top-grossing) film studios and one of the
most major film studios in Hollywood district
 of LA. The Studios at Paramount has almost
a century of experience providing the best
production services from development through post production. The Studio won the very first Academy Award for Best Picture in 1927. Along the way, they’ve only become better at everything they do. Today, they’ve emerged as an international leader in the production of film and TV entertainment. They engineer partnerships with projects large and small in a ceaseless effort to create celebrated movies, television shows, and commercials.
The year 2012 marks an exceptional milestone for Paramount Pictures - 100th year in show business.
The most famous movie of Paramount Pictures is
“TITANIC”
In film stared some of the best Hollywood actors Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet
warner brothers PICTURES
Founded: April 4, 1923
Has been at the forefront of the motion picture industry since its inception and continues to be a leading creative force in the industry. Warner Bros. Pictures produces and distributes a wide-ranging slate of some 18-22 films each year.
Among the films on Warner Bros. Pictures’ 2013 slate are The Great Gatsby, The Hangover Part III, Man of Steel.

Actors who worked with warner brothers pictures
    The Great Gatsby:
Leonardo DiCaprio
Carey Mulligan
 Joel Edgerton
Elizabeth Debicki etc.
Man of steel
Henry Cavill
Amy Adams
Michael Shannon
Diane Lane
Kevin Costner etc.
Walt Disney Pictures
Founded in 1950
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures -- Disney has explored new worlds through magical storytelling since its first completely live-action film, Treasure Island in 1950. Across pirate-laden high-seas or down a mysterious rabbit hole, Disney’s collaborations with renowned artists and filmmakers has produced some of the most successful live-action family films in history, including Disney’s Alice in Wonderland and the Pirates of the Caribbean films, with more epic adventures on the horizon including Maleficent and Tomorrowland.
The 1st company movie is “The Snow White”
Was created in 1937
Cinderella
1950
Alice in Wonderland
1951
Lady and the Tramp
1955
The most famous
Walt Disney Pictures movies:
Peter Pan
1953
Sleeping Beauty
1959

The Jungle Book
1967

Winnie the Pooh
1977
The Little Mermaid
1989
Aladdin
1992

The Lion King
1994
Tarzan
1999
Monsters, Inc.
2001
Pirates of the Caribbean
2003
Ratatouille
2007
Alice in Wonderland2010

Once Walt Disney said:
Thank you for attention!
Used Literature
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_film_production_companies
http://www.paramountstudios.com/working-on-the-lot/general-info/history.html
http://www.mgm.com/#/about/mgm-history
http://www.movieinsider.com/c2/#.Un4t4vnIZH4
http://www.dreamworksanimation.com/company
http://www.paramountstudiotour.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby_(2013_film)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_of_Steel_(film)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice's_Adventures_in_Wonderland
http://www.movieinsider.com/c3/#.Un6dWnDIaEd


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Welcome to the Christmas game

extracted_text:
Welcome to the Christmas game!
Continue a logical chain
Spring, summer, autumn…
Red, green, blue…
Dog, cat, rabbit…
January, February, September…
coffee, tea, juice…
Morning, afternoon, evening…
Ten, eleven, twelve…

Make as many  words as possible

CONGRATULATIONS
Find the definitions of the words
A winter                                        a)  a day when you have a party

Santa                                             b)  a  false face

A holiday                                       c) a season beginning with  December

A present                                       d) you may write it to Santa

A mask                                         e) he brings presents to children

A letter                                         f) you get it on birthday and Christmas day
 Тhe definitions of the words
A winter                                       - a season beginning with  December

Santa                                           - he brings presents to children

3. A holiday                                         - a day when you have a party

4. A present                                       - you get it on birthday and Christmas day

5.  A mask                                          - a  false face

6. A letter                                            -  you may write it to Santa

The riddles…

                It’s blue by night,
                By day it’s white.
                It is cold and not dry,
                It falls from the sky.
It’s snow
Higher than a house, higher than a tree – Oh, what can that be?
it’s sky
I come with cold and snow. But you like me and know.
It’s winter
It is white, it is cold.You can skate on it.What is it?
It’s ice
What man can’t live inside the house?
It’s a snowman
Thanks for your work!Good-bye!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Семь великих камней

extracted_text:
История семи великих камней
Алмазного фонда России
Алмазный фонд России
      АЛМАЗНЫЙ ФОНД Российской Федерации -  государственное собрание драгоценных камней и ювелирных изделий, имеющих историческую, художественную и материальную ценность, а также уникальных золотых и платиновых самородков. Основан в 1922 г.
               С 1967 в Московском Кремле открыта постоянная выставка Алмазного фонда.

               Среди семи исторических камней Алмазного фонда есть разные драгоценные камни, но в их ювелирном обрамлении обязательно присут-ствуют  бриллианты.

Большая императорская корона
Бриллианты, рубин, серебро, жемчуг. 1762 г. Ювелир И.Позье
Алмазный фонд России
Скипетр императорский
Золото, алмаз «Орлов», бриллианты, серебро, эмаль. 1770-е гг.
     Ограненный кабошоном бриллиант «Орлов» (199,6 кар.) был  привезен  из Индии и подарен  графом Г. Орловым императрице Екатерине II. Он - один из семи исторических камней Алмазного фонда России.

        Индийский алмаз «Шах» (88 кар.)  был подарен императору Николаю I иранским шахом после убийства в Тегеране русского посла и поэта Александра Грибоедова. Один из семи исторических камней Алмазного фонда России.
      Плоский портретный алмаз (около 25 кар.) редкой чистоты и величины. Это самый большой портретный камень мира,  один из семи исторических камней Алмазного фонда России
Браслет

Алмаз, золото, изумруды, эмаль. Вторая четверть XIX в.
Брошь
Изумруд, бриллианты, золото, серебро. Середина XIX в.
    В центре броши – колумбийский изумруд ступенчатой огранки XV или XVI века. Вокруг – оправа в виде бриллиантовых виноградных листьев. Изумруд – один из семи исторических камней Алмазного фонда России.
Брошь
 Сапфир, бриллианты, розы, серебро, золото. Середина XIX века.
     Брошь с цейлонским сапфиром старинной индийской огранки - самым большим и красивым в мире - в ажурной оправе из крупных и мелких бразильских бриллиантов и роз.
    Сапфир – один из семи исторических камней Алмазного фонда России.
Держава императорская
Золото, бриллианты, сапфир, алмаз, серебро. 1762 г.
     Принадлежала императрице Екатерине II. Держава в виде золотого полированного шара, увенчанного бриллиантовым крестом, укреплен-ном на большом цейлонском сапфире весом 200 карат.
     На пересечении бриллиантовых поясков – крупный алмаз весом 46.92 карата.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Steven Paul Jobs

extracted_text:
 Steven Paul Jobs was born in San Francisco on February 24, 1955 to two university students, Joanne Carole Schieble  and Syrian-born John Jandali who were both unmarried at the time. Jandali, who was teaching in Wisconsin when Steve was born, said he had no choice but to put the baby up for adoption because his girlfriend's family objected to their relationship.
The baby was adopted at birth by Paul Reinhold Jobs and Clara Jobs. The Jobs family moved from San Francisco to Mountain View, California when Steve was five years old.

Home of Paul and Clara Jobs at Crist Drive in Los Altos. Here, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne in 1976 founded the Apple Computer
Schoolwork disappointed Steve but he still remained a good student. He is passed his exams well and the school principal offered to transfer him out of the fourth grade right in the seventh.

Schoolwork disappointed Steve but he still remained a good student. He is passed his exams well and the school principal offered to transfer him out of the fourth grade right in the seventh.

The first real business project Jobs realized when he was at school.
It is called the “BlueBox”

FIRST APPLE COMPUTER

APPLE PRODUCTION  NOW

In 1985, Steve Jobs resigned from the APPLE company. December 20, 1990 Jobs returned to the company he founded and in his speech to the graduates of Stanford University in 2005, Jobs said that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have happened to him at that moment: The burden of being successful was replaced by the lightness beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life. <...> I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I had not been fired from Apple. Was awful tasting medicine, but the patient needed it.
Steve Jobs died at around 3 pm October 5, 2011 at his home in California due to complications that led to respiratory stoppage.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект A Biography of Ernest Hemingway

extracted_text:
A Biography of Ernest Hemingway
Who Is Ernest Hemingway?
Born into a strict, Protestant family
Famous and well accomplished author (49 short stories and over 10 novels)
Nobel Peace Prize winner
Avid hunter and fisher
Considered a hero of WWI
Committed suicide in Idaho (1961)
Used the experiences of his life to create literary masterpieces during the Modernism Era

Hemingway’s Personal Life
Born Ernest Miller Hemingway on July 21st, 1899
Grew up in Oak Park, Illinois – upper middle class
Father was a doctor and mother was a singer
He had four sisters and one brother
The community had a large Protestant population
Hemingway about his community: “Wide lawns and narrow minds.”(The Hemingway Resource Center)
Enjoyed hunting and fishing (inspiration for many stories/novels) with his father when his mother wasn’t introducing him to music and literature

Hemingway’s Personal Life (cont.)
Rumored that his mother often dressed him in female clothes
Worked as a reporter for the Kansas City Star (1917)
WWI Ambulance Driver (1918)
Celebrated as a war hero upon his return home
Reporter for Toronto Star (1920)
Married Hadley Richardson and moved to Paris, France (1921)
Father committed suicide in 1929, Ernest does the same in 1961 (Idaho)
Hemingway’s Professional Life
Wrote forty-nine short stories and published six best-selling novels:
The Sun Also Rises
A Farewell To Arms
For Whom The Bell Tolls
The Old Man and The Sea
To Have and Have Not
A Moveable Feast

Hemingway’s Professional Life (cont.)
Popular characters in his works: soldiers, hunters, bullfighters, and primitive people.
Themes of his work: Courageous and honest people losing hope in a modern, hectic society
Possibly reflects his own outlook concerning his place in the world
His writing is very dry and descriptive with little plot – draws heavily from past experience
His alcoholism and depression contributed to his eventual suicide
He shot himself in Ketchum, Idaho (1961)


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект The Ideal Family

extracted_text:
The Ideal Family
The ideal family is the place of the eternal love of parents, the eternal love of husband and wife, and the eternal love of children .

 The Ideal Family
I think an ideal family must have love , health and work. In an ideal family , all the members are happy. They understand, love and help each other. Parents work to earn money for the family. They are responsible for their children. Children are well-educated and study well.
What do you think an ideal family is?
Husband and wife love each other. Husband is a breadwinner of the family. All the members  of family share difficulties and responsibilities .  I know that some rich family are not always happy. They often have an argument about money.
Children are spoilt due to the lack of parent’s care. They may  commit crimes like drug addiction. Money is important but it can’t make a family happy. But a poor family is not an ideal one . I hope I will have a happy family in the future.
Thank you for your attention!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Pearl Harbor

extracted_text:
History of legendary US naval base
Pearl Harbor
US became involved in a devastating world conflict
The Axis powers had established a firm foothold prior to American entry into the conflict
On the 7th of December, 1941 Japan made a surprise, attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor and the US entered the war
On the 8th of December, 1941 the US, led by president, Franklin D. Roosevelt, declared war on the Axis powers
On the 26th of January, 1942 first American forces arrived in Great Britain
On the 4th of June, 1942 was American naval victory at Battle of Midway
On the 1st of April 1945 US troops encircle Germans in the Ruhr
On the 6th of August US dropped atomic bomb on Hiroshima
On the 9th of August US dropped atomic bomb on Nagasaki in Japan
The United States lost 418 000 people in the Second World War


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Tasty treats

extracted_text:
TASTY  TREATS!
Учитель английского языка: Редькина Е.В

READ THE WORDS:
LEMON  ['lemən]  лимон
BEAN  [biːn]  боб, фасоль
MANGO  ['mæŋgəu] манго
BUTTER  ['bʌtə]  масло
COCONUT  ['kəukənʌt]  кокос
FLOUR  ['flauə]  мука
PINEAPPLE  ['paɪnæpl]  ананас
OLIVE OIL ['ɔlɪv ɔɪl] оливковое масло
SUGAR  ['ʃugə]  сахар
SALT  [sɔːlt] соль
PEPPER ['pepə] перец
TOMATO  [tə'mɑːtəu]  помидор
LOOK, READ AND MATCH.
['lemən]
[tə'mɑːtəu]
['mæŋgəu]
['ʃugə]
['bʌtə]
['ɔlɪv ɔɪl]
['kəukənʌt]

[biːnz]
['flauə]
['paɪnæpl]
[sɔːlt]
['pepə]

LOOK, READ AND MATCH.
HOW MUCH/MANY?-СКОЛЬКО?
MUCH- используется с неисчисляемыми существительными.

How much sugar is there on the table?
MANY- используется с исчисляемыми существительными.

How many apples are there in the basket?
READ AND COMPLETE.
… …            are there in the bag?

… …            is there in the fridge?

… …            are there in the box?

… …            is there on the table?

… …            are there in the cupboard?
… …             are there in the basket?

… …             do you want?

… …             do you need for the cake?

… …             are there on the table?

… …             do you need?
READ AND COMPLETE.
LOOK AND READ.
A packet of biscuits-коробка печенья
A bar of chocolate- плитка шоколада
A kilo of potatoes-килограмм картофеля
A loaf of bread- булка хлеба
A jar of jam- банка варенья
A carton of milk- коробка молока
A bottle of Coke- бутылка Кока-колы
A tin of beans- банка фасоли

READ AND MATCH.
PACKET
BAR
KILO
LOAF
JAR
CARTON
BOTTLE
TIN
['kɑːt(ə)n]
[tɪn]
['pækɪt]
['bɔtl]
[ʤɑː]
[bɑː]
[ləuf]
[‘kɪləu]

НАРЕЧИЯ MUCH, MANY, A LOT OF.
MUCH, MANY - обычно используются в отрицательных  и вопросительных предложениях.
A LOT OF - обычно используется в утвердительных предложениях.
READ AND CHOOSE THE CORRECT WORD.
I need a lot of / much tomatoes to make a salad.
Do you need much / many butter for the cake?
There isn’t much / many bread for my sandwich.
How much / many biscuits do you want?
I have got a lot of / many of butter in the fridge.
There aren’t much / many beans in the tin.

THANK YOU VERY MUCH


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Berlin

extracted_text:
           Berlin
Berlin ist die Hauptstadt Deutschlands. Berlin ist eine alte Stadt. Es  liegt an der Spree.
Berlin  ist eine Großstadt.
Hier gibt es 3.4 Millionen Einwohner.
Das Wahrzeichen der Stadt ist das Brandenburger Tor.
Auf dem Wappen der Stadt ist ein Bär.
In Berlin gibt es 12 Bezirke. Die Hauptstraße der Stadt ist der Kurfürstendamm.
Berlin ist eine grüne Stadt. Hier gibt es viele Parks und Grünanlagen.

Berlin ist ein großes Kulturzentrum. Hier gibt es viele Theater, Kinos, Museen. In Berlin gibt es viele Sehenswürdigkeiten.
Das sind das Brandenburger Tor.

Das Reichstagsgebäude .
Die Museuminsel.
Das Opernhaus .


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Present Continuous

extracted_text:
Present Continuous (Progressive)настоящее продолженное время
Рубцова Н.М.
МБОУ КСОШ №2
Когда мы употребляем Present Continuous Tense
                 Present continuous обозначает
           длительное действие, которое совершается
                       в настоящее время, в момент речи.

                                                Сейчас она сажает розу.
                                               She is planting a rose now.

В данный момент панда кушает.
Panda is eating at this moment.

Remember
I am
He is
She is
It is 				Ving
We are
You are
They are

play – playing
sleep – sleeping
write - writing
get - getting

Особенности правописания
Утвердительные предложения (+)
утвердительная форма
I am writing.
They  are writing.
She is writing.
He is writing.
Say what he is doing.
write - is writing
read - is reading
open – is opening
speak – is speaking

sleep – is sleeping
jump – is jumping

dance – is dancing

 При образовании отрицательной формы отрицательная частица not ставится  после вспомогательного глагола.

                                             I am reading.
                                                     I am not reading.

She is singing.
      She is not singing.

отрицательная форма
Отрицательные предложения(-)
Agree or disagree

The man is dancing.
They are running.

The boy is fishing.
He is doing his homework.
При образовании вопросительной формы вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим.

They are travelling.   Are they travelling?

I am sleeping.      Am I sleeping?

He is jumping.     Is he jumping?
вопросительная форма
Ask the questions
Listen! Dan and John are playing  the piano.
Look! Your dog is swimming in the river.
Where are you? – In the room. I am reading an interesting book.
The children are eating a cake.
She is doing her homework now.

Describe the picture.
Write short answers.
Выбери правильный вариант

        They …
is drawing
am drawing
are drawing

         I …
is walking
am walking
are walking

         Boys …
is playing
am playing
are playing
проверь себя
        She …
    is cooking
    am cooking
    are cooking
       We …
    is having
    am having
    are having


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Walt Whitman

extracted_text:
Walt Whitman
Vika Verbych
Form 11B
School 5

Teacher: N.G. Savko

The features of the works of Walt Whitman


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Ukrainian Culture

extracted_text:
Ukrainian Culture

The Demographics of Ukraine
The population is  45,560,255 ;
The birth rate is 11.0  births/1,000 population ;
The death rate is 14.5  deaths/1,000 population ;
The life expectancy is 71.22 years

Religion of Ukraine

Eastern Orthodox (Ukrainian) (38.9%);
Greek Catholicism (14.7%);
Roman Catholicism (1.7%);
Judaism (0.2%)


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект WHY LEARNING ENGLISH IS SO IMPORTANT YULIA GUZAK

extracted_text:
English is number one
Why it is important to study English
Teacher of English
School #41
Julia Huzak
English is now a global lingua franca, but was first a West Germanic language spoken in medieval England. Currently, this is the first language for the majority of the population in several countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, Canada, a few Caribbean nations and New Zealand.
There are about 375 million English as a first language speakers and 750 million English as a second language speakers. English as official or special status in at least 70 countries. Just hearing the numbers gives us an inkling of just how important English is.

― Stephen Fry, The Ode Less Travelled: Unlocking the Poet Within
“The English language is like London: proudly barbaric yet deeply civilised, too, common yet royal, vulgar yet processional, sacred yet profane. Each sentence we produce, whether we know it or not, is a mongrel mouthful of Chaucerian, Shakespearean, Miltonic, Johnsonian, Dickensian and American. Military, naval, legal, corporate, criminal, jazz, rap and ghetto discourses are mingled at every turn.”

Here are some main
 reasons of English
language learning…

All over the world, speaking English immediately opens up opportunities. Being able to communicate with foreign clients and business partners will provide you a more challenging position in your career.
You will also have the option to apply for jobs requiring English like for instance a Manager position. So get your dream job, start learning English!
Push your career forward

English is also internationally recognized as the language of science. Most of the knowledge related to computer or health by example is in English. Being able to use English in your researches – especially on the Web - will give you unlimited access to knowledge! More than 50% of the Internet information is in English.
Get access to knowledge

English lets you feel the culture of the world like no other language. Learning it will offer you the opportunity to do wonderful things.
English is the language of the Film industry and learning it means you will no longer have to rely on subtitles or dubbed versions. You will also be able to read books written by English-speaking authors in their original version. Last but not least, music is much better if you can understand the meaning.
Enjoy art like never before

It’s fairly simple.
English speaking countries are the most affluent regions on this planet, and the amount of people going abroad on overseas holidays have created the phenomenon of English being the common language people with different national backgrounds use to speak with each other.
English is the Language of Travel!

Speaking Fluent English Denotes a Certain Social Status

If you speak fluent English, your job opportunities are much better than those of your peers, and it’s inevitably leading to a certain social status being assigned to fluent English speakers.
ENGLISH and SUCCESS have become synonyms!
Be mobile
Be educated
Be successful
Stay unique
LEARN ENGLISH!!!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Education in  Britain

extracted_text:
Education in     Britain
Schools
Childhood the child is very short: in 4 years of age he had already started school time. In school, the child must be recorded with the quarter that follows him on his birthday. If a child goes to school after the allotted age , it may be a lot of confusion.
The education system

School education includes two modules: the primary - for children aged 4 to 11 years and the average - for children from 11 to 16 years. If parents want to teach your child at home, they need to get permission of the local Board of Education, which must be satisfied that the conditions of training are consistent with accepted standards.
The learning process

In the 4 years of primary school, young students begin to study hard score, reading and writing, with the homework given 1 day a week. Classes at the elementary school are in a very soft, playful way, without any attempts to "adjust" all under one common level. Each child develops individually, in accordance with the level of its features.
Higher educationIn the UK there are over 100 universities. The most famous universities are Cambridge University, Oxford University, Glasgow University.
University of Oxford
Ranked second in the list of the oldest universities in the world's ,oldest English-speaking university in the world, as well as the first university in the UK.
Motto : "God - my light"(Dominus Illuminatio Mea (Latin) )
University of Cambridge
 Second university in the UK after Oxford and fourth in the world, one of the "ancient universities" of Great Britain and Ireland, one of the most famous universities in the world.
Motto: From this place we gain enlightenment and precious knowledge.
University of Glasgow
The University of Glasgow is the fourth-oldest university in the English-speaking world

Motto :The way, The truth, The life.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Interesting facts about the sights of Britain

extracted_text:
Interesting facts about the sights of Britain
The National Gallery

The National Gallery was founded, thanks to King George IV, who demanded the government to acquire a collection of 38 paintings, among whom were six works of Hogarth. Paintings by Rubens, Rembrandt and other Flemish, Dutch and Italian Renaissance artists were acquired later on as the gallery has expanded. Today she is the center of world art.
Buckingham Palace
Buckingham Palace is located opposite the street Pall Mall and the white marble monument with a gold Queen Victoria. When the Queen is in the palace roof develops a royal flag. Her ancestor, King George IV, insisted that the palace was designed by the architect John Nash. The construction cost reached 700,000 pounds through the use of such luxuries as 500 blocks of marble from Carrara with streaks.
Regent Street
Regent Street - one of the most famous streets of London.Not only because in it are the famous shops and restaurants, but also because it is almost the only London-based line, the result of unique architectural design such as Architect Rossi Street in St. Petersburg or the Rue de Rivoli in Paris.
House of Sherlock Holmes
House of Sherlock Holmes was built in 1815.The British government has stated that the building is an architectural and historical monument of the 2nd category. From 1860 until 1934 the house was privately owned, and it was located guest house, until the building was purchased by the International Society named Sherlock Holmes.
Corfe Castle
Corfe Castle is one of the most famous castles in English history.It is located near the old Saxon city Ueyrhem and, according to legend, this is where Elfriede, Saxon queen, killing her adopted son, Edward, to release the throne to his younger brother Ethelred.Ethelred was nicknamed unprepared, said his rights to the throne in 979 year.
Kensington Palace
In Kensington Garden Kensington Palace is located, where she was the Princess of Wales with their two sons.The first of the royal family lived in this palace William 3, Queen Mary, who in 1689 bought a palace in the town of Nottingham Kensington for 18 000 pounds. The house, located near the contaminated Westminster, became their country mansion, Sir Christopher Wren and was instructed to carry out all necessary works to improve the building.Thus Kensington has expanded and is still a royal possession.In 1899, Queen Victoria, who was born and raised in the palace, opened to the public apartments.Now the palace is a magnificent exhibition of secular clothing, fashion showcases two centuries.
Big Ben
This clock on the tower of the Parliament of the United Kingdom heard around the world.BBC Radio microphones transmit them fight every hour.It was the first hit Big Ben on the night of 31 on a planet officially under international interim standard should enter the new millennium.
Stonehenge - the world-famous stone megalithic structure on Salisbury Plain in England, located about 130 km south-west of London. The first attempt to interpret Stonehenge as grandiose observatory belongs to the Stone Age, J. Hawkins and J. White. Most researchers, considering the Stonehenge with the historical and archaeological and astronomical positions, bringing it as proof of brilliant astronomical knowledge of ancient Britons.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Искуство Австралии

extracted_text:
Архипова Светлана Васильевнаучитель английского языкаАОУ СОШ № 14 г. Долгопрудного
Australian’s Art
Art Galery of New South Wales

Tom Roberts «Bailed up» 1895
Margaret Preston «Implement Blue» 1927
«Yam Plants» Jack Wunuwun 1979
«Goose Egg Hunt» George Milpurrurru 1981
«Kalumpiwarra- Ngulanintji» Rover Thomas 1984
«Ngak Ngak» Ginger Munduwalawala 1991
«Untitled» Robert Cole 1992
«Black Cockatoo Feather» Fiona Foley 1992
«Ghost Gum» Albert Namatjira 1950
«Wild Onion Dreaming» Pauline Nakamarra Woods 1988
«Ngarrgooroon Country» Hector Jandany 1991
Список использованных источников
1. http://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/media/collection_images/8/833%23%23S.jpg
2. http://ru.pinterest.com/pin/482377810059101577/
3. http://oolli.com/item/49204
4. http://ru.depositphotos.com/4416837/stock-photo-Stamp.html
5. http://artsearch.nga.gov.au/Detail.cfm?IRN=148012
6. http://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/collection/works/62.1999.5/
 7. http://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/collection/works/312.1993/
8. https://www.google.ru/search?q=black+cockatoo+Feather&newwindow=1&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=_UMwU-KqJcSo4gStwoGQAg&ved=0CCYQsAQ&biw=1920&bih=875#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=-J2iw-sx7HNcHM%253A%3BMCTd9j-VcSKiZM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.stampsbythemes.com%252Fallimages%252F43406.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.stampsbythemes.com%252Fkn6%252Fcn6-011.htm%3B204%3B288
9.https://www.google.ru/search?q=ghost+gum+central+australia&newwindow=1&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=7kQwU9XzKvPR4QTCl4HQBQ&ved=0CC8QsAQ&biw=1920&bih=875#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=USQuIRTCwPmqPM%253A%3Bfl1-u6j2fwfWFM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fheindorffhus.motivsamler.dk%252Farthistory%252Faus2002-Namatjira4.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fheindorffhus.motivsamler.dk%252Farthistory%252Fframe-Namatjira.htm%3B172%3B125
10. http://yayimages.com/photo/blog-web-design/stamp-printed-in-the-australia-shows-wild-onion-dreaming--by-pauline-nakamarra-woods/image-8594886
11. http://shortstgallery.com.au/artworks/780194/ngarrgooroon-country-
12. google.ru/search?q=%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F+new+south+wales+sydney&newwindow=1&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=DFcwU9jEDIGK4wSOzYCIDw&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAg&biw=1920&bih=780#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=5zCxYcyp-2hgkM%253A%3But_kl5xKojBhMM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.sydney.com%252Fsydney-life%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252F2013%252F06%252FArt-Gallery-of-NSW.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.sydney.com%252Fsydney-life%252Fthings-to-do%252Fsydney-moderns-art-for-a-new-world%252F%3B640%3B400
13. google.ru/search?q=%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F+new+south+wales+sydney&newwindow=1&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=DFcwU9jEDIGK4wSOzYCIDw&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAg&biw=1920&bih=802#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=5fIOYR12-rMNVM%253A%3BhVlABlV56NZ58M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fupload.wikimedia.org%252Fwikipedia%252Fcommons%252Fb%252Fb3%252FArt_Gallery_of_New_South_Wales%252C_Art_Gallery_Road%252C_Sydney_-_Wiki0067.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fcommons.wikimedia.org%252Fwiki%252FFile%253AArt_Gallery_of_New_South_Wales%252C_Art_Gallery_Road%252C_Sydney_-_Wiki0067.jpg%3B509%3B325
14. google.ru/search?q=%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F+new+south+wales+sydney&newwindow=1&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=DFcwU9jEDIGK4wSOzYCIDw&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAg&biw=1920&bih=802#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=irNeIY_D25-BzM%253A%3BVxVZyVtaVS8BqM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fimages.getconnected.dnsw.com.au%252Fmultimedia%252FOriginal__9289682_BP67_20090714Yiribana_073_640x400.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.sydney.com%252Fdestinations%252Fsydney%252Fsydney-city%252Fcity-centre%252Fattractions%252Fart-gallery-of-new-south-wales%3B640%3B400
15. 2F%252Fimages.getconnected.dnsw.com.au%252Fmultimedia%252FOriginal__9298759_BP67_Old_Courts_640x400.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.sydney.com%252Fdestinations%252Fsydney%252Fsydney-city%252Fcity-centre%252Fattractions%252Fart-gallery-of-new-south-wales%3B640%3B400
16. google.ru/search?q=%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F+new+south+wales+sydney&newwindow=1&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=YlgwU_PNPOK14ASSn4CABQ&ved=0CAoQ_AUoAg&biw=1920&bih=802#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=p4dmokpY4btrxM%253A%3BhQ1Fji_bpTBLaM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fupload.wikimedia.org%252Fwikipedia%252Fcommons%252Fa%252Fa0%252FArt_Gallery_of_New_South_Wales%252C_Sydney_(6577027931).jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fcommons.wikimedia.org%252Fwiki%252FFile%253AArt_Gallery_of_New_South_Wales%252C_Sydney_(6577027931).jpg%3B1568%3B1041
17. VptXtRpbiPM%253A%3B2zAPSuvT1q7oBM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fi1.stay.com%252Fimages%252Fvenue%252F125%252F99%252F73050f8%252Fart-gallery-of-nsw.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.stay.com%252Fsydney%252Fart-gallery%252F12599%252Fart-gallery-of-nsw%252F%3B510%3B270
18. ixp0cfDnvM%253A%3BznWs9OdxI56nbM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fupload.wikimedia.org%252Fwikipedia%252Fcommons%252F7%252F7a%252FArt_Gallery_of_New_South_Wales_at_night.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fen.wikipedia.org%252Fwiki%252FArt_Gallery_of_New_South_Wales%3B1600%3B784
19.  УМК «Счастливый английский» Кн. 3 для 10-11 классов - Клементьева Т.Б., Шеннон Дж. – Обнинск: Титул, 2000; на: с 244, с. 245, с. 246, с. 261, с. 262, с. 263, с. 264, с. 265, с. 266, с. 267.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Number (число)

extracted_text:
Number (Число)
 a cat – cats [s] после глухих согл.
a dog – dogs [z]после звонких согл. и гласн.
-ss
-ch
-tch        -es
-x
-o
-s
-sh

dresses
boxes
benches
potatoes
a city- cities           a boy – boys
(согл. буква)
a half – halves
a knife- knives
a life – lives
Искл.  a roof- roofs ( крыша)
            a safe-safes
            a chief – chiefs (начальник)
      a handkerchief -handkerchiefs(платок)

Искл.
a man – men
a woman – women
a foot – feet
a tooth- teeth
a mouse-  mice
a goose-geese
a child- children
 an ox – oxen

         имеют одну форму для мн. и ед.ч
advice – совет(-ы)
information
progress-успех(-и)
knowledge –знание(-я)
money-деньги
hair – волосы
fruit фрукты / но: fruits –для обозначения разл. видов фруктов

sheep-овца
fish
    fishes ( различные виды рыб)
news – новость(-и)


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Claude Monet

extracted_text:
Claude Monet
Prepared
Pupil form10
Kolpakchi Yana
Oscar-Claude Monet (14.11.1840 – 5.121926) was a founder of French Impressionist painting and the most famous continuer of  this direction.
From the late 1860s  impressionists were met with rejection
At their first exhibition, held in April 1874, Monet exhibited his work, that were to give impressionist their good name.
"Impression, Sunrise". This picture  was painted in 1872.                                                                        the art critic Louis Leroy coined the term "Impressionism",as disparagement, but the Impressionists appropriated the term for themselves.

"Impression, Sunrise".
Claude Monet fought all his life for the right of existence of impressionism
The first Impressionist exhibition was held in 1874 at 35 boulevard des Capucines, Paris, from 15 April to 15 May. The primary purpose of the participants was  promote a new style and  free themselves from the constraints
 Boulevard des Capucines
Claude Monet. Chrysanthemums
Claude Monet - Portrait of Mrs. Gaudibert
Claude Monet. Water Lily Pond.
In the Garden by Claude Monet.
Young Girls in the Rowing Boat .Claude Monet.
Claude Monet was a great artist, a fighter for the style that he created. I am confident that we will admire his paintings more than one century.
Pierre Auguste Renoir . Claud Monet


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Professions

extracted_text:
Professions
Before each person at a certain time there is a question about choosing a career.
To solve it you need to know about their individual characteristics, interests, preferences. On the basis of strong interest generated addiction a person wants a particular type of activity.
Cook

Cook - a person who is engaged in the preparation of food public catering. But these are dry and boring words can not fully describe cookery profession. Because the chef, sometimes called a true magician who can most common products to make a meal, whose name - a masterpiece of taste.

The chef must be an aesthetic taste, imagination, creative inclinations, or on sandwiches and eggs he leaves.

riddles
Who teach children to read and write,
The nature of love, respect the elderly?
Who sits at the bedside?
And as a treat, all he says;
Who is sick - he drops offer to accept,
Anyone who is healthy - allow a walk.
Lay the glass eye
Clicked again - and remember you.
With fire fight we must,With water we companions.We all need people very,Reply soon, what are we?
Tell me, who is so deliciousPreparing cabbage soup,Fragrant meatballs,Salads, vinaigrettes,All breakfasts, lunches?
He returned from the flight,After flying - his job.All those in the air, boys,Called ...


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект «The land and the people of

extracted_text:
3. Look at your mind map and the map and speak about …
2. Listen and fill in the mind map

1. Phonetic Warming Up

«The land and the people of

great Britain»
Are you ready?
?
Муравьева Г.Ф.
МАОУ гимназия №6
Г. Новороссийск
2014

‹#›

‹#›

‹#›

the English
English
Scotland
London
Welsh\English
Edinburgh
Scottish\English
The Welsh
Cardiff
Wales
The Scottish
England

альтернативный ресурс при наличии интернета
Learning Apps
мультимедийное интерактивное упражнение  http://qps.ru/oQGwP
       3

the parts (countries) Great Britain consists of,  and their capitals
the people who live in Great Britain and the languages they speak
big industrial cities of Great Britain

‹#›

‹#›

шаблон http://qps.ru/5GzED
изображение карта Англии  http://qps.ru/mKHaj,
изображение Лондона http://qps.ru/R9ngy
изображение английской королевы  http://qps.ru/0pKdk
изображение Стоунхендж http://qps.ru/LCJH0
изображение шотландца  http://qps.ru/c0SWD
изображение флаг Уэльса http://qps.ru/Lb4mZ
изображение нарцисс http://qps.ru/iU9HM
изображение Гермионы  http://qps.ru/Jsv1a
текст (слайд 3) записан Муравьевой Г.Ф. с помощью программы Audacity.
скороговорка  She sells http://qps.ru/CFZWp
скороговорка If two witches http://qps.ru/bYVa1
скороговорка Whether the weather http://qps.ru/jPIOo
смайл  Я молодец! http://qps.ru/Df2OK
смайл Мне нужна помощь!  http://qps.ru/1MJmA
смайл Я старался, но не всегда получалось! http://qps.ru/vVZO6

sources


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект My houseWhat time is it

extracted_text:
What time is it?
Князькова Ирина Васильевна
 Отличник профессионального образования,   обладатель гранта Президента.
учитель английского языка высшей квалификационной категории.
МОУ гимназия №26
г. Челябинск
Irina-Knyazkova@mail.ru

What time is it?

What time is it?

       It’s 5 a.m.
          5 утра
(a.m. -до 12 дня)
      It’s 10 p.m.
10 вечера
It’s 5 o’clock.

It’s 10 o’clock

Let’s learn
minute
quarter
half
минуты после целого часа
7.10 -It’s 10 (minutes) past 7
8.15- It’s a quarter past 8
9.25- It’s 25 past 9 ( a.m.)
                              (p.m.)
 3.30 – It’s half past 3
Утро: (a.m.)
5.20   3.15
6.08   6.15
4.23   5.30
2.15   6.26
6.30   4.30
Вечер: (p.m.)
9.18   2.17
5.15   7.30
3.15   8.25
4.15   6.04

              past

noon
midnight

минуты до целого часа
7.35 –It’s 25 (minutes) to 8

8.45 –It’s a quarter to 9

Утро: (a.m.)
4.35   5.43
6.45   7.55
9.43   5.45
Вечер: (p.m.)
7.33   9.48
5.45   8.50
4.51   6.45

to

                                                                                11                                                            2                                                34                                                            5                                                   6

7
What do you do at…?
What do you do at…?
When do you do it?
clean the house
watch TV
When do you do it?
go for a walk
wash dishes
When do you do it?
learn English
go to bed
When do you do it?
wake up
wash your face
When do you do it?
do homework
go home


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект The degrees of comparison adjectives

extracted_text:
Урок английского языка в 4 классеМОУ лицей «Технико –экономический»
Учитель английского языка
Кунина Наталья Сергеевна
Тема урока: The Degrees of Comparison Adjectives.
Задачи урока:
Практические:
Активизировать употребление прилагательных при описании лиц и предметов.
Закрепить лексический материал по теме.
Образовательные:
Совершенствовать навыки аудирования, диалогической и монологической речи.
Развивать логическое мышление.
Воспитательные:
Повышать интерес к изучению английского языка.
Развитие творческих способностей учащихся.
[ ] A black cat
       Sat on a mat
       And ate
       A fat rat.

[ p] Paper on the floor
      Paper on the floor
      Pick it up, pick it up
      Paper on the floor.

[h]    Her house has high windows.
                                                    He had a hat on his head.
                                               [s]  She sells sea – shells
                                                        On the seashore.

[ I]  His pretty sister lives in this little village.
Christmas!
Old – young
Big – small
Nice – naughty

Bad -good

Beautiful – ugly
Fast – slow
Cold - hot
Adjectives + nouns
short
girl
face
red
boy
funny
cat
nose
big
jeans
tail
fox
book
kind
new
tea
long
teeth
sun
cat
child
apple
day
hot
clever
Степени сравнения прилагательных.

… than …   -  … чем…… as… as - … такой же … как… not so … as  - … не такой …же
Катя выше ,чем Алиса.
Лиза такая же милая как Тоня.
Марго не такая сильная как Юра.
Kate is taller than Alisa.
Lisa is as pretty as Tonya.
Margo is not so strong as Ura.
Исключения

1.Я знаю интересную историю.
1.I Know an interesting story.
2. Эта песня хуже ,чем та.
3. Он принёс ей самый красивый цветок.
4. Она рассказала нам о счастливом человеке.
5. Он самый лучший инженер.
2. This song is worse than that.
3. He brought her the most beautiful flower.
4. She told us about the happy man.
5. He is the best engineer.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Beatles

extracted_text:
Карякина Елена Анатольевна
МОУ СОШ №2 г.Волжск
The Beatles were the most famous pop and rock group of the 1960s.
Their music was popular not only in Britain, but all over the world.
Members of the band were
John Lennon
    Ringo Starr
George Harrison
Paul McCartney
They were working-class boys from Liverpool
Some well-known songs by The Beatles are
“Yesterday”
“All you need is love”
“Yellow submarine”
“Let it be”

John Lennon learnt to play harmonica at the age of 12 but he wanted to be a millionaire not a musician.

He met Paul McCartney in 1955 and they started the Beatles in 1960.

The band broke up in 1970. After that all the members established solo projects.
John Lennon was shot in New York outside his house on the 8th of December in 1960.
George Harrison died on 29th of November in 2001, at the age of 58.

Answer the questions:
When did Lennon and McCartney start the Beatles?
What was the last year of the Beatles career?
How many people did the band consist of?
When did John die?
Were the Beatles the most famous pop or rock group of 1960s?
Now let’s sing!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Презентация артикли в географии

extracted_text:
Правила употребления артикля с географическими названиями.
Уроки от Миссис Марпл
GREAT BRITAIN

 (1) The United Kingdom is situated on (2) the British Isles. It consists of four countries which are (3) England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capital of the UK is (4) London. London is situated on (5) the                 river Thames.
The UK is an island state. The two main islands are (6) Great Britain (where England, Scotland and Wales are situated) and Ireland.   Northern Ireland and (7) the independent Irish Republic is there. The two islands are separated by (8) the Irish Sea.
The UK is separated from the continent by (9) the English Channel and (10) the Strait of Dover. The nearest point to (11) Europe is the Strait of Dover. The UK is also washed by (12) the Atlantic Ocean in the north and (13) the North Sea in the east.
The White Cliffs of Dover are cliffs which form part of the British coastline facing the Strait of Dover and France.
There are many lonely hills, quiet rivers, deep lakes and just farmlands especially in the south of the country. The biggest mountain in the UK is (14) Ben Nevis. The most famous lake is (15) Loch Ness. The longest river in the UK is (16) the Severn, at 220 miles (354 km). It begins in Wales and runs all the way through to England.
Loch Ness
Определенный артикльупотребляется:
Стороны света (cardinal points):
the North (Север)
the South (Юг)
the East (Восток)
the West (Запад)

Полюса, полушария (poles, hemispheres):
the North Pole
 (Северный полюс)
the South Pole
 (Южный полюс)
the Western Hemisphere (Западное полушарие)
the Eastern Hemisphere (восточное полушарие)
the Arctic (Арктика)
the Antarctic (Антарктика)
Регионы (regions):
the Far East
 (Дальний Восток)
the north of Canada
 (север Канады)
the Highlands
(северо-запад Шотландии)
the south of England
(юг Англии)
the Highlands
Страны, названия которых представляют собой существительные во множественном числе (countries):
the Philippines (Филиппины)
the Netherlands (Нидерланды)
the Unites States of America (США)
the Baltic States (Прибалтика)
Страны, в названии которых присутствуют слова – kingdom (королевство), republic (республика), union (союз), federation (федерация):
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
 (Объединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии)
the Kingdom of Denmark
(Королевство Дании)
Океаны (oceans), проливы (straits), моря (seas), реки (rivers), каналы (canals / channels), водопады (waterfalls), течения (currents):

the Atlantic Ocean (Атлантический океан)
the Pacific Ocean (Тихий океан)
the Indian Ocean (Индийский океан)
the Black Sea (Черное море)
the Dead Sea (Мертвое море)
the Red Sea (Красное море)
the Thames (Темза)
the Volga (Волга)
the Don (Дон)
the Suez Canal (Суэцкий канал)
the Victoria Fall (водопад Виктория)
the Niagara Fall (Ниагарский водопад)
Группы озер (groups of lakes):
the Great Lakes
(Великие озера)
the Seliger (Селигер)
the Great Salt Lake (Большое соленое озеро)
Но если рядом с названием озера используется слово lake определенный артикль с географическим названием здесь не нужен:

Lake Baikal (Озеро Байкал)
Lake Ontario (Озеро Онтарио)
Lake Geneva (Женевское озеро)
Группы островов (groups of islands):
the Virgin Islands (Виргинские острова)
the Canaries (Канары)
the British Isles (Британские острова)
the Bahamas (Багамы)
the Azores (Азорские острова)
the Falkland Islands (Фолклендские острова)
Горные массивы (chains of mountains), холмы (hills):
the Black Hills (Черные холмы)
the Apennines (Апеннины)
the Rocky Mountains (Скалистые горы)
the Andes (Анды)
the Urals (Уральские горы)
the Alps (Альпы)
the Himalayas (Гималаи)
Равнины (plains), долины (valleys), пустыни (deserts):
the Mississippi Valley (долина Миссисипи)
the Sahara Desert (пустыня Сахара)
the Kalahari Desert (Калахари)
the Arabian Desert (Аравийская пустыня)
Заливы (gulfs / bays). Определенный артикль употребляется в конструкции с предлогом of. Если ее нет, артикль не нужен:

the Gulf of Mexico (Мексиканский залив)
the Gulf of Finland (Финский залив)
Но:

Persian Gulf (Персидский залив)
Hudson Bay (Гудзонский залив)
San Francisco Bay (Залив Сан-Франциско)
Названия континентов (continents):
Europe
Africa
South America
North America
Australia
Asia
Без артикля употребляются:
Страны, названия которых представляют собой существительные в единственном числе, города (cities), села (villages), штаты (states), провинции (provinces):

Ukraine
France
Spain
California
London
Исключения:

the Hague (Гаага)
the Vatican (Ватикан)
the Congo (Конго)
А также при использовании конструкции «the city of»:

the City of Moscow (город Москва)
the City of Rome (город Рим)
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
.... Moscow is situated on ... Moscow River. ... Moscow is a river that moves very slowly. There is ... canal called ... Moscow-Volga Canal which joins ... Moscow to ... Volga. ... Volga runs into ... Caspian Sea.

.... Moscow is situated on the Moscow River. The Moscow is a river that moves very slowly. There is a canal called the Moscow-Volga Canal which joins the Moscow to the Volga. The Volga runs into the Caspian Sea.

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочетания:
in the north
in the south
 in the east
in the west
to the north
to the south
to the east
to the west
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
…Thames is …short river.
… Russia is washed by … Atlantic Ocean in… north.
…Kiev is to … south of … Moscow.
… Europe is … continent.
Is … Asia … continent or .. Island?
… Black Sea is in … south of our country.
… White Sea is in … north of our country.

The Thames is the short river.
… Russia is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the north.
…Kiev is to the south of … Moscow.
… Europe is a continent.
Is … Asia a continent or an island?
The  Black Sea is in the south of our country.
The White Sea is in the north of our country.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Medical biotechnology

extracted_text:
Medical Biotechnology
Insulin - první gen biotech 1982

Recombinant proteins for human use
~2003
Approved in US or EU
Recombinant interferon:  isolation of cDNA
Strategies for isolating either the genes or cDNAs for human proteins
1)  Isolate target protein and determine partial AAc sequence
Synthesize oligo as probe to screen cDNA library
2)  Generate Ab against purified proteins
Screen gene library
Interferon strategy above, pre-human genome sequence
6,000 clones

Hybrid products:  INF
Interferons assist the immune response by inhibiting viral replication within host cells, activating natural
killer cells, increasing antigen presentation to lymphocytes, and inducing the resistance of host cells to
viral infection
IFN cDNA isolated early 80s
Now, three groups of IFN genes identified:  , , 
IFN family of 13 genes; IFN family of 2 genes; IFN of 1 genes
IFN 1 and 2 have common RE sites
Hybrid INFs demonstrate potential therapeutics by combining functional domains
Some (2003)- successful clinical trials, approved for use as human therapeutic agents

Site-specific directed mutagenesis:  hGH
hGH:  191 AAc, 22,1 kDa
One of first therapeutic proteins approved for human use
Recombinant form produced in E. coli, identical to native pituitary-derived hGH
Native binds to growth hormone receptor and prolactin receptor
Side effects
Prolactin receptor binding function of Zn++ binding
Domain:  His-18, His-21, Glu-174
2003, testing mutants

Optimizing gene expression
Multistep process:
Design a protein, construct a recombinant molecule, express and characterize
Need to optimize expression
First, either prokaryote or eukaryote host
Comparative analysis of host and expression
ex., interleukin-3 expression
Best in Bacillus licheniformis
Balance with glycosylation in eukaryotic hosts
But, glycosylation is not essential for interleukin-3 activity

Cystic fibrosis
Genetic disease affecting lungs and digestive system
Average life span 37 years, extended and extending
In US, ~1/3,900; 1/22 are carriers
Most common in Europeans and Ashkenazi Jews
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)
Chloride ion channel, sweat, digestive juices and mucus
 thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive tract
7q31.2     -> 180,000 bp gene, 1,480 AAc
Most common mutation DF508; 1,400 other mutations
DF508:  missense, not folded correctly
Lungs susceptible to bacterial infection
Antibiotics treatment results in resistance and
  combination with DNA from bacteria and leukocytes causes pulmonary problems (mucus)
wikipedia

Treatment
Genentech:  hDNase I in CHO cells
Not a cure, but alleviates symptoms
Purified protein delivered via aerosol mist to lungs of CF-
Approved by FDA in 1994

Optimizing treatment
Another symptom,
In response to bacteria in lungs,
  leukocytes cluster and lyse bacteria (and leukocytes)
Lysed leukocytes release actin
Monomeric actin binds DNase I very tightly and inhibits
Limits effectiveness
X-ray structure data suggested Ala-144 required for binding
  or Tyr-65
Changing either to Arg decreases actin binding by 10,000x
Clinical efficacy of mutants to be determined (2003)

Clearing the lungs 2 with alginate lyase
http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/hyalg.html
Alginate produced by seaweeds, soil and marine bacteria
P. aeruginosa excretion in lungs contributes to viscosity of mucus
In addition to DNase I treatment, alginate lysate can be used as therapeutic agent

Cloning alginate lyase
Flavobacterium sp.
Clone bank in E. coli
Screen by plating onto medium plus alginate
+/- Ca++
Ca++ + alginate = cross-linked opaque
Hydrolyzed alginate does not cross-link
Analysis and characterization of clones and alginate lyase

Alginate lyase[s]
ORF 69,000 Da
Precursor of three alginate lyases
-> 3,000 Da + 63,000 Da
63,000 Da lyses both bacterial and seaweed alginates
63,000 Da -> 23,000 Da seaweed effective+ 40,000 Da bacterial effective
Clone bacterial activity portion

Optimization of activity
Increase expression of 40,000 Da protein
PCR amplify and insertion behind strong promoter
B. subtilis plasmid, fused to a B. subtilis a-amylase leader peptide, directs secretion and
  penicillinase gene promoter
Expressed and assayed for halo phenotype
Liquifies alginates produced by P. aeruginosa isolated from lungs of CF patients
2003, additional trials to determine if effective therapeutic agent

Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Autosomal recessive genetic disorder in phenylalaniine hydroxylase
Phe accumulation, decreases other ‘large, neutral AAc’ in brain, needed for
 protein and neurotransmitter synthesis
Brain development; progressive mental retardation and seizures
Incidence ~1/15,000; varies:  1/4,500 Ireland and 1/100,000 Finland
12q22-q24.1
Macaque genome:  PAH gene sequence identical to a human PKU mutation
wikipedia

Phenylketonuria treatment[s]
Traditional treatment:  diagnosis at birth or prenatal
Controlled semi-synthetic diet with low levels of Phe
Possible treatment:  metabolism of Phe
PAH multienzyme complex, requiring cofactor
Phe ammonia lyase (PAL) converts Phe as well
Stable and does not require cofactor
To test concept, yPAL cloned and overexpressed in E. coli
Preclinical studies (2003) with mice deficient in PAL
See lower plasma levels of Phe when PAL injected or
  administered as oral encapsulated enzyme

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) as therapeutic agents
Mouse mAb OKT3 first to be approved by FDA
Immunosuppressive agent after organ transplant in humans

Antibody molecular structure
CDRs variable portions of the protein, both H and L
Fc elicits immunological responses after Ag-Ab
Complement cascade

Polyclonal antibodies (Ab)
www.abbottdiagnostics.com/Science/pdf/learning_immunoassay_01.pdf

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb)
www.abbottdiagnostics.com/Science/pdf/learning_immunoassay_01.pdf

Monoclonal antibodies (theoretical)
Monoclonal Antibodies: A Manual of Techniques.  HZola

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) protocol
www.abbottdiagnostics.com/Science/pdf/learning_immunoassay_01.pdf
Monoclonal Antibodies: A Manual of Techniques.  HZola

Herceptin®
“Magic bullet”
Genentech.  FDA 9/98; Aullrich/Genentech and DSlamon/UCLA Jonsson Cancer Ctr
Trastuzumab (trade name Herceptin)
Humanized monoclonal antibody
Target is HER2/neu receptor (erbB2)
HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer
Anti-cancer therapy in breast cancer, over-expressing erbB2 receptor
ErbB2 receptor amplification occurs in 25-30% of early-stage breast cancers
Transmembrane Tyr kinase, activating PI3K/Akt pathway and MAP pathway
Overexpression promotes invasion, survival and angiogenesis of cells
Also confers therapeutic resistance to cancer therapies
Herceptin binds to extracellular domain of erbB2 receptor,
Arresting cell at G1 phase
wikipedia

Magic bullet:  delivery of drug to site
Binding of mAb requires second step
1)  delivery of drug
2)  delivery of enzyme to convert pro-drug

Magic bullet:  delivery of active agent to site
Binding of mAb requires second step
variations

Priklad ANTISENSE delivery

Human mAb problem
Drawbacks to immunotherapeutic agents use
Chemical couplings problem
Yields low; coupling at random sites; chemical portion may inactive attached enzyme
Nonhuman mAb
If condition requires multiple treatments, nonhuman mAb causes immune response
Human mAb
Human chromosomes of fused human lymphocyte-mouse myeloma cells are unstable
No human myeloma cell line can replace mouse myeloma cell line
Ethics of injecting human subject to generate Ab-producing cells and doing partial splenectomy
 to collect Ab-producing cell
www.abbottdiagnostics.com/Science/pdf/learning_immunoassay_01.pdf

Hybrid human-mouse mAb:  chimeric
Genetic engineering to convert mouse mAb into a hybrid
Exchange Fc portions
Using oligonucleotides and in vitro DNA replication or cloned segments
Construct in expression vector; transfect into cultured B lymphocytes
Chimeric Abs are 70% human/30% mouse

Hybrid human-mouse mAb:  chimeric
Ex., chimera of mouse mAb against surface of human colon cancer cells
Tested in patients with colorectal cancer
Half-life in blood system 6x longer
1/10 patients developed mild response against chimera
But, no anti-tumor activity observed (2003)
Low dosage and/or advanced state of the cancer?
Jak je to delano

Hybrid human-mouse mAb:  humanized
Humanized Ab
Substitute CDRs into human Ab
95 %human/5 % mouse
Construction by isolating cDNAs for L and H chains
Amplify variable regions  using PCR protocol
Primers are complementary to ends of variable regions, conserved
CDRs are highly variable sequences

PCR amplification of CDR
Primers are hybrids, with
12 bases at ends corresponding to human mAb L chain cDNAs
Six pairs of primers:  3 for VL and 3 for VH
PCR protocol to splice these segments into human Ab, replacing CDRs
2003.  50 different mAbs have been humanized
Technology is effective and widely applicable
Time-consuming and expensive procedure

E. coli production of mAb:  phage display
Protocol for creating phage combinatorial libraries
Hybridoma cells grow slowly, do not reach high cell densities, expensive to maintain
Bioreactors:  bacteria, plants and animals

DNA constructs of Fv combinatorial gene library
Lambda phage
Clones each L and H into two separate libraries
Cut with common RE
Directionally clone into third library: H -> L
Combinations random
RBS= ribosome binding site

Combinatorial library in M13
PCR amplify VH and VL separately
Add linker
Ligate into M13 genome
Displays on surface
Phage Display

Display peptide or protein on surface of bacterial virus
(in principle can use other viruses but phage viruses easiest to prepare etc.)
Some proteins on viral coats can accommodate peptides or proteins and
will present them on the surface.

The phage genome (or alternatively phagemid) contains the sequence for the protein or peptide so isolation of the phage with desired phenotype will also provide the genotype.

Most popular is filamentous phage f1 or M13.
pIII on the end or pVIII along the length of the rod-like virion
for pVIII ~10% can be loaded with alternate peptide
Advantage of phage display: easy to screen over 109 sequences

Can either clone library directly into phage genome
or use a phagemid (plasmid that contains f1 ori) with replication
deficient helper phage
http://www.biochem.unizh.ch/plueckthun/teaching/Teaching_slide_shows/filamentous_phages/index.htm
5 copies of pIII and pVI 2800 copies pVIII - all can accommodate
peptides
www.neb.com/nebecomm/products/productE8100.asp

Combinatorial library in M13
Assay expressed mAb by
Immunological screening
ELISA-like system
Multiwell plate coated with target Ag
Bind, wash
Score with chromogenic substrate cleaved by Ab-enzyme complex

Shuffling CDR sequences
Very large libraries yield wider range of Abs
B cells from several non-immunized individuals collected and pooled
mRNA isolated; cDNA synthesized
PCR amplify all six CDR regions separately
Pool with oligos encoding the framework regions and linker
Overlap extension PCR gives variable L and H domains
At 2x109 different single-chain Ab
Using PCR to Detect for HIV
RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase PCR).
HIV has a ssRNA genome.
Lyse plasma cells from the potentially infected person to release HIV RNA genome.
The RNA is precipitated using isopropanol.
Reverse transciptase is used to make a cDNA copy of the RNA of the virus.
This cDNA is used as a template to make dsDNA.
Diagnostics
RT-PCR Diagnosis of HIV
Using PCR to Detect for HIV
Specific primers are used to amplify a 156 bp portion of the HIV gag gene.
Using standards the amount of PCR product can be used to determine the viral load.
PCR can also be used as a prognostic tool to determine viral load.
This method  can also be used to determine the effectiveness antiviral therapy.
Polymorphic refers to the existence of two or more forms of the same gene, or genetic marker
Each form must be too common in a population to be merely attributable to a new mutation
One type of polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), can be used as a diagnostic tool
Gene polymorphism
SNPs are the 3.2 million single nucleotide changes that differ between genomes
Most SNPs occur outside of genes, but some occur in gene promoters & a few occur in genes themselves
For SNPs to be useful, a person's DNA must be examined for the presence of specific SNPs
http://press2.nci.nih.gov/sciencebehind/snps_cancer/snps_cancer/snps_cancer13.htm
SNPs
How do we identify SNPs?
DNA microarrays (DNA chips) make it possible to examine person for the presence of specific SNPs quickly and affordably
A single microarray can now be used to screen 100,000 SNPs found in a patient's genome in a matter of hours
How Are Microarrays Made?
Short fragments of DNA (oligonucleotides) corresponding to each version of all known SNPs are spotted onto a glass slide in a known order
A patients DNA is fragmented and each fragment is linked to a fluorescent dye
This pool of fragments is allowed to hybridize to its corresponding oligonucleotide on the chip
The pattern of fluorescence determines which SNPs are found in the patient
Whole Human Genome Microarray by Agilent Technologies
1” x 3” glass slide with 44,000 genes dotted
What Can SNPs Be Used to Predict?
A person’s susceptibility to disease is linked to which alleles they carry as well as how those alleles interact with the environment
SNPs can be used to build a profile of a person’s susceptibility to various diseases
Example:
Craig Venter (Celera genomics) has an increased risk of heart attack based on a SNP in the promoter of the MMP-3 gene
http://press2.nci.nih.gov/sciencebehind/snps_cancer/snps_cancer/snps_cancer25.htm
http://press2.nci.nih.gov/sciencebehind/snps_cancer/snps_cancer/snps_cancer38.htm
Drug Dosing/Reaction
Average patient
There is no simple way to determine how particular patient will respond to a medication
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) one of the important causes of hospitalization and death in the United States
Medical drugs are developed using a ”average” patient
Pharmacogenomics examines the DNA variations that is correlated to  drug response
Can be used to predict if a patient will have a good response to a drug, a bad response to a drug, or no response at all
1http://www.fda.gov/CDER/drug/drugReactions/default.htm
http://press2.nci.nih.gov/sciencebehind/snps_cancer/snps_cancer/snps_cancer36.htm
Testing for Variation
Cytochrome p450 (CYP450) involved in drug metabolism Four major types; CYP3A, CYP2C9, CYP2D6 & CYP2C19
Variations in at least 3 genes regulate drug metabolism
By looking at the alleles a person has of these genes it is possible to predict how a patient will react to a drug
Dosing can be regulated so that a patient gets the maximum benefit without possible toxic side effects

CYP3A 			CYP2D6
Antihistamines			Codeine
Statins				Beta-Blockers
Ca+ Channel Blockers		Tricyclic Antidepressants
Benzodiazepines		Tamoxifen
HIV protease inhibitors

CYP2C9			CYP2C19 (Missing in 30% of Asians)
NSAIDs				 Proton pump inhibitors
Anti-epileptics 			 Valium
Warfarin

CYP Genes & Their Metabolites
Herceptin targets HER2 & is effective in stopping breast cancer growth
Only 25 to 30% of breast cancers overexpress HER2
Erbitux effective in colorectal cancers by stopping signaling through EGFR
Not all colorectal cancers overepress EGFR
Diagnostic tests are used to detect which tumors will benefit from treatment allowing better use of treatment time & money
1733 Genes
84 breast tumor samples
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=stryer.figgrp.832
Red =gene induction
Green = gene repression
Tumors Are Not Identical So Why Should Every Patient be Treated the Same?
http://history.nih.gov/exhibits/genetics/sect3.htm
Recombinant DNA Drugs
http://dept.kent.edu/projects/cell/IMAGES3.HTM
Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells
Most popular cells for producing proteins that are not able to be produced in E. coli
These are proteins that are difficult to fold, glycosylated, or even toxic to the bacteria
http://www.nbsc.com/ferm_eq/bf6000.asp
Mammalian Cell Bioreactor
Protein Drugs Made in CHO Cells
Avonex (Interferon Beta-1a) Multiple Sclerosis - Biogen
Herceptin (Trastuzumab) Breast Cancer - Genentech
Humira (Adalimumab) Rheumatoid Arthritis - Abbott Labs
Remicade (Infliximab) Crohn’s Disease - Centocor
Embrel (Etanercept) Rheumatoid Arthritis - Amgen
GENE THERAPY
Gene Therapy
Cells are removed from a patient and modified either by having a working copy of a defective gene inserted or a therapeutic gene added
Once the cells are expressing the new gene correctly, they are inserted back into the patient (ex vivo)
The gene is usually delivered using a defective virus
Sometimes the virus is delivered directly into the patient (in vivo)
Jak je to delano,

priklady, doplnit
http://www.jeansforgenes.com/images/2070_illustration.gif
Gene-Therapy and SCIDs
Severe Combined Immune Defiency (SCID): no T cells
Two types: ADA-SCID & SCID-X1
>20 SCID patients have been successfully treated
The FDA has not approved any human gene therapy
Current State of Gene Therapy
Little progress has been made since the first gene therapy clinical trials begun in 1990
In 1999, gene therapy suffered a major setback with the death of 18-year-old Jesse Gelsinger
Part of a gene therapy trial for ornithine transcarboxylase deficiency (OTCD)
Died from multiple organ failures 4 days post-treatment
Death was caused by a severe immune response
In 2003, the FDA placed a temporary halt on all gene therapy trials using retroviral vectors in blood stem cells
FDA took this action after it learned that two childern treated in a French gene therapy trial had developed a leukemia-like condition
These children in August 2002 had been successfully treated by gene therapy (SCID-X1)
Stem Cells
Stem cells are unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods through cell division.
Under certain physiologic or experimental conditions, they can be induced to become cells with special functions such as the beating cells of the heart muscle or the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas
These cells could then be used to repair or replace damaged organs or tissues
Three Types of Stem Cells
Embryonic
Adult/Somatic
Induced Pluripotent
In 1998, human embryonic stem cells (hES) were isolated and grown in the laboratory
hES cells are derived from the ICM of human blastocysts
These cells are pluripotent just like mouse ES cells
The embryos used in these studies were created for infertility purposes through in vitro fertilization
They were donated for research with the informed consent of the donor
Human Embryonic Stem Cells
http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/stemcell/images/pluri.jpg
Therapeutic Cloning
Isolation of cloned cells/tissue for curing disease or injury
The nucleus from an adult cell is placed in an enucleated egg
Instead of implanting the egg and letting it grow into a fetus, it is cultured until the blastocyst stage where ES cells are removed and cultured
These ES cells are coaxed down a specific developmental pathway such that they differentiate into a specific tissue
This allows for the creation of cells identical to the donor thus preventing rejection
http://www.advancedcell.com/testimony-12-4-2001.html
An adult or somatic stem cell is an undifferentiated cell found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ
It can renew itself, and can differentiate to yield the major specialized cell types of the tissue or organ
The primary roles of adult stem cells are to maintain and repair the tissue in which they are found
These cells are more restricted as to what cell types they can become & are thus said to be multipotent
Adult Stem Cells
1960s, two stem cell populations identified in bone marrow
One population, called hematopoietic stem cells, forms all the types of blood cells in the body
The second, called mesenchymal stem cells generate bone, cartilage, fat, & connective tissue
Hematopoietic stem cells have also been isolated from umbilical cord blood
Mesenchymal stem cells have now been isolated from amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood, and adipose tissue
http://www4.od.nih.gov/stemcell/figure2cropbig.gif
Bone Marrow Stem Cells
Mesenchymal
Tissue Engineering
Tissue engineering or regenerative medicine is a multidisciplinary field combining biology, medicine, and engineering & involving the restoration, maintenance, or enhancement tissue & organ function
Often involves the growth of new tissue or organs within a 3D matrix to mimic natural organ growth
http://www2.mahidol.ac.th/spectrum/pic3_vol10_no3.gif
http://txtell.lib.utexas.edu/stories/media/t0003-2.html
Generation of Replacement Knee Cartilage
http://navier.ugent.be/public/biomed/research/kris/res_kris.php
Valvular heart disease is a major cause of mortality
Currently available substitutes for failing heart valves have serious limitations
An alternative is to tissue engineer heart valves
http://www.swr.de/swr2/biotopien/expeditionen/tissue/tissue3.html
http://www.medizin.fu-berlin.de/hno/arbeitsgruppen/haischgruppe.htm
Cartilage scaffold of a human ear implanted under the skin of a mouse


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Написание письма на английском

extracted_text:
Как написать письмо?
pptcloud.ru
Почтовая открытка: задание
Read the postcard you’ve got from your English pen friend and write back.
Your friend Ann White lives in Oxford at 2 Victoria Street.
Her postcode is OX 2 006.
Write 25 – 35 words.
Remember to write the address in the correct order.
Почтовая открытка:задание
Dear N,
I’m happy you can come to stay with us in summer. Please, let me know when you are going to come and what you would like to do.
Best wishes,
Ann.
N. N.
10 Sadovaya Str.
St. Petersburg, Russia
Почтовая открытка : оформление
1. Обращение начинается с Dear, к которому добавляется имя.
2. Всё обращение пишется не посередине, а на левой стороне без отступа на красную строку.
3. Не забудь поставить запятую (а не восклицательный знак) после обращения.
4. Объясни (напомни), почему ты пишешь эту открытку.
5. Ответь на вопросы, которые задала тебе Энн в своей открытке: когда ты собираешься приехать и что бы ты хотел увидеть.
6. В конце открытки не забудь написать завершающую фразу Best wishes (С наилучшими пожеланиями) на отдельной строке.
7. Не забудь поставить запятую после Best wishes,
8. На отдельной строке после завершающей фразы подпиши открытку - напиши своё имя.
Почтовая открытка: оформление
9. Адрес, куда и кому ты посылаешь открытку, пишется в таком порядке:
1-ая строка - Имя и фамилия адресата
2-ая строка - Номер дома, Название улицы
3-я строка – Город, Почтовый индекс
4-ая строка - Страна
Почтовая открытка : ответ
Dear Ann, (1,2,3)
I feel very excited that I can come to stay with you in the summer. (4) I'm going to come at the beginning of August for two weeks. I'd like to see as much of Oxford as I can. It would be great if we could visit your school and go shopping for gifts one day. I'd love to meet your friends.(5)
Best wishes, (6, 7)
Katya (8)
Ann White (9)
2 Victoria St.
Oxford OX 2 006
England
United Kingdom
Стратегии написания открытки
Прочитайте задание и открытку от вашего предполагаемого друга по переписке.
Подчеркните содержащиеся в ней вопросы, на которые вы должны ответить.
Добавьте обращение: Dear Ann,
Сразу после обращения на следующей строке добавьте предложение, объясняющее почему вы пишите эту открытку.
Напишите ответы на вопросы. Помните, что в открытке (это неформальный стиль) употребляются сокращенные формы (I'm, I'd like).
Напишите заключительную фразу:
Best wishes,
Стратегии написания открытки
Подпишите открытку вашим именем (на следующей строчке после заключительной фразы).
Проверьте, нет ли орфографических или грамматических ошибок. Если вы не уверены, правильно ли написано какое-либо слово, замените его на другое, в написании которого вы уверены.
Напишите адрес в правильной последовательности.
Личное письмо: задание.
Read the extract from your pen friend’s letter. Her name is Alice.
Write a letter to Alice.
In your letter
tell her about your summer holidays,
ask 3 questions about the new house.
Write 100 – 140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
Личное письмо: задание
( отрывок из письма)
… I hope you enjoyed your summer holidays. Where did you spend them? Please, tell me about the most interesting things you did.
   By the way, we are moving house and I am sending you my new address.
Личное письмо: оформление
1. Обращение начинается с Dear, к которому добавляется имя.
2. Всё обращение пишется не посередине, а на левой стороне без отступа на красную строку.
3. Не забудь поставить запятую (а не восклицательный знак) после обращения.
4. Поблагодари за полученное письмо.
5. Объясни, почему ты пишешь это письмо и о чем оно будет.
6. Ответь на вопросы, которые тебе задала Элис в своём письме.
7. В конце письма в новом абзаце задай Элис вопросы согласно заданию (про ее новый дом).
8. В конце письма не забудь написать завершающую фразу Best wishes (С наилучшими пожеланиями) или Love (Целую) на отдельной строке.
9. Не забудь поставить запятую после Best wishes,
10. На отдельной строке после завершающей фразы подпиши письмо - напиши своё имя.
Личное письмо: оформление
B верхнем правом углу напиши свой адрес (адрес отправителя):
1-ая строка - Номер дома, Название улицы
2-ая строка – Город, Почтовый индекс
3-я строка - Страна
Под адресом напиши дату написания письма:
число месяц год
Личное письмо
Пример написания адреса:
6 Sadovaya St
                                                                                Dmitrov 146150
                                                                                Russia (11)

12 April 2004 (12)

Личное письмо: ответ
Dear (1) Alice, (2) (3)
Thanks for your letter. It was great to hear from you. (4) In your letter you asked me about my summer holidays. Well, I had a very good time! (5)
In June I stayed at home because I had exams at school. Luckily the weather was nice and warm and at the weekend my parents and I went to our country house. We went sunbathing and swimming in the lake near there.
In July I went to a summer camp. It was fantastic. I made a lot of new friends. Every day we went swimming in the river, and we played different games. There was a disco every night. Once we went hiking in the forest for two days. We cooked our meals on the fire and at night we sat around the fire, sang songs and told stories. (6)
Are you happy with your new house? Is it bigger than your old house? Have you got a room of your own? Please tell me more about it. (7)
Write soon.
Love, (8) (9)
Tanya (10)
Стратегии написания личного письма
Важно! Нужно обязательно соблюсти требования к объему письма - 100-140 слов. Не пишите лишних подробностей. Помните, что обязательные повторяемые элементы письма - адрес, обращение (Dear Alice), благодарность за полученное письмо (Thanks for your letter. It was great to hear from you), заключительные фразы (типа Write soon. Best wishes) и ваше имя в конце письма уже составляют около 20 слов. Заучите эти фразы и зрительно запомните схему расположения частей письма.
Стратегии написания личного письма
Прочитайте отрывок из письма от вашего предполагаемого друга по переписке и задание к нему. Задание вам поможет сориентироваться, что от вас требуется написать.
Подчеркните содержащиеся в отрывке вопросы, на которые вы должны ответить в первой половине вашего письма.
Определите для себя тему вопросов, которые вы должны задать во второй части вашего письма.
Стратегии написания личного письма
В черновике напишите план первой половины вашего письма. Например, для написания письма в задании демоверсии набросайте несколько фраз, перечисляющих, что вы летом делали, или вообще о том, как можно летом отдыхать (если у вас было скучное лето и вам не о чем написать, пофантазируйте!). Все глаголы должны быть в прошедшем времени.
Набросайте план второй части вашего письма. Например, в задании демоверсии подумайте, какие вопросы можно задать о новом доме (Where is it? Is it new or old? How big is it? How many rooms are there? Is there a swimming pool? Is there a fire place? etc.)
Зрительно восстановите в памяти макет письма. Начните писать, соблюдая правила написания личного письма (см. выше)
Стратегии написания личного письма
Закончив ваше письмо, обязательно проверьте его на наличие орфографических или грамматических ошибок. Если вы не уверены, правильно ли написано какое-либо слово, замените его на другое, в написании которого вы уверены.
Фразы для личных писем:
Варианты обращения
Начальные фразы письма

Варианты подписи

Варианты обращения:
Dear John and dear Mary
Dear Mr. Johns and Mrs. Johns
My dear Mary John, dear Mary, darling Mary, my dearest
Начальные фразы письма:
I'm writing to (thank/ tell/ ask/ congratulate/ apologize/ etc.)
I'm writing to thank you very much for the nice post card:
I'm writing to tell you that we are going to be in Providence during Christmas time:
I'm writing to ask you if you would come to dinner/lunch one day soon: would Monday, 7.07. 2000 suit you?
Варианты подписи:
With all good wishes to you both, Lisa
With best wishes, Lisa
Yours ever, Lisa
Yours affectionately, Lisa
Yours sincerely, Lisa
Lisa. With kind regards (from us both), Lisa
With our best wishes to you all, Lisa
Yours sincerely, Lisa
Применив данные правила и советы, вы обязательно напишите отличное письмо!