title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Інтегрований урок з географії та англійської мови10 клас

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Велика Британія Great Britain Інтегрований урок з географії та англійської мови10 клас
Мета:
Навчальна: Сформувати і узагальнити знання про особливості географічного положення, природно-ресурсного потенціалу, населення, господарства Великої Британії. Активізувати тематичну лексику, удосконалити вміння висловлювати засвоєну лексику у різних ситуаціях.
Розвивальна: Розвивати між предметні зв’язки, пізнавальний інтерес, навички роботи з тематичними картами, аналітичне мислення.
Виховна: Виховувати толерантне ставлення учнів до народів і культури інших країн, сприяти естетичному вихованню учнів.

Велика Британія
Завдання 1.
Вивчаючи країну, заповніть отриману таблицю №1

ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНІЯ НА КАРТІ СВІТУ

«Візитна картка Великобританії»
Площа: 244,1 тис. км. кв.
Населення: 63,18  млн. чоловік
Столиця: Лондон
Державний лад: конституційна монархія (королівство), унітарна держава
Склад регіону: 92 адміністративні одиниці у складі 4-х історичних областей
Англія – 45 графств + Великий Лондон
Уельс – 8 графств
Шотландія – 9 областей
Ольстер (Північна Ірландія) – 1 область
5 острівних територій
Володіння: 13 територій (Гібралтар, острови Святої Єлени, Фолклендські острови, Бермудські острови, Ангілья та ін.)
Грошова одиниця: фунт стерлінг = 100 пенсів
ПРАПОР ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНІЇ
КОРОЛІВСЬКИЙ ГЕРБ
Англія
Шотландія
Уельс
Північна Ірландія
ІСТОРИЧНІ ПРОВІНЦІЇ ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНІЇ
Коронація Єлизавети II в 1953 році.
Глава держави - королева Єлизавета II
Королева Єлизавета II на своє 80-річчя в 2006 році.
Весілля принцеси Єлизавети і графа Едінбурзького в
1947 році.
ЖИВОТНЫЙ МИР ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ
Лягушка
Природні умови та ресурси
Завдання 2.
Використовуючи карти атласу, охарактеризуйте природно-ресурсний потенціал Великої Британії.

Рельєф
        Рівнини: Мідленд, Лондонська.

         Гори (давні): Пеннінські (700 м), Кембрійські, Північно-Шотландське нагір'я.
Корисні копалини
      	Кам'яне вугілля: Йоркшир, північний-схід, південний Уельс, Шотландія, західний Мідленд та ін..

        	Нафта, газ: Північне море.

       	Залізна руда: східний Мідленд

	Калійна та кам'яна сіль: Йоркшир

Клімат
	Морський, помірний.
ПН.-ЗХ.  Температура січня - + 3,5ºС; липня - +12ºС; опади 2000 мм
ПД.-СХ.  Температура січня - + 5,5ºС; липня - +16ºС; опади 600 мм
Водні ресурси
Річки: Темза, Северн, Манчестерський канал
І тип відтворення;
Природний приріст 0,4 ‰
“ Старіння нації ”;
Багатонаціональна країна: 80% - англійці; 15% - шотландці, валійці, ірландці; 5% - іммігранти з країн Співдружності та інших.
Релігія – християнство (протестантизм, католицизм), іслам;
Середня густота населення – 240 чол. на км. кв.;
Максимальна – Англія – більше 350 чол. на км. кв.;
Мінімальна – Шотландія – до 2 чол. на км. кв.;
Рівень урбанізації – 90%
Великі міста – Великий Лондон (11 млн.), Великий Манчестер (2,7 млн.), Бірмінгем (2,6 млн.), Глазго (2 млн.)
НАСЕЛЕННЯ
Столиця Великої Британії   -

ЛОНДОН
Ось так він виглядає з космосу.

А ось так - з берега річки Темзи.

London is on the river…
A) Severn
B) Thames
C) Dnieper
D) Dniester
Romans built the first bridge over the river in about…
A) 33 AD
B) 53 AD
C) 83 AD
D) 43 AD
How many bridges were there in London until 1747?
A) 29
B) 2
C) 1
D) 4
Now there are… bridges.
A) 2
B) 29
C) 1
D) 4
London has a population nearly…
A) 7 million
B) 70 million
C) 17 million
D) 60 million
How can you travel in London?
A) by red buses
B) on a boat
C) by tube
D) in a taxi
What started in London in 1863?
A) railway
B) underground
C) taxi
D) buses
Which of London museums is visited by over 2 500 000 people nowadays?
A) Madam Tussaud’s
B) Museum of London
C) The Sherlock Holmes Museum
D) Victoria and Albert Museum
London is also a great place for…
A) travelling
B) working
C) shopping
D) visiting
Harrods is one of the famous…
A)  parks
B) squares
C) museums
D) stores
Another popular place for shopping and the centre of London’s street life is…
A) Covent Garden
B) Madam Tussaud’s
C) The National Gallery
D)  Harvey Nichols

What play is performed in one of the London’s theatres as a world record?
A) Romeo and Juliette
B) Agatha Christie
C) The Mousetrap
D) Cat in the Rain
ГОСПОДАРСТВО
Постіндустріальна країна
Мала частка населення зайнята у сільському господарстві
Господарство
Завдання 3.
Проаналізуйте економічну карту Великої Британії, випишіть у таблицю добувні та обробні галузі.

Господарство
ПЕК – нафтовидобувна компанія «Брічіш Петроліум», 76% - ТЕС (Йоркшир, Великий Лондон), 23% - АЕС (узбережжя на зх., пд-сх.), 1% - ГЕС (Шотландія)

Чорна та кольорова металургія – чавун, сталь, алюміній, мідь, цинк, олово та ін.

Машинобудування – ракетобудування, точне, літакобудування, автомобілебудування, верстатобудування, кораблебудування
Хімічна промисловість – пластмаси, СВ, парфуми, ліки (Великий Лондон), мінеральна добрива та сода (Йоркшир)

Текстильна промисловість – вовняні тканини (Йоркшир), бавовняні тканини (Ланкшир), Лляні тканини (Ольстер), трикотаж (Сх. Мідленд)

Завдання 4.
Прочитайте текст параграфа,
пов’язаний із сільським господарством, та визначте особливості сільського господарства Великої Британії.

Сільське господарство
Рослинництво – зернові культури - ячмінь, овес, пшениця, цукровий буряк, кормові культури, садівництво (Сх., Пд-Сх. Англії), картоплярство (Ольстер)
Тваринництво – молочне скотарство, свинарство, птахівництво (Сх., Пд-Сх. Англії), вівчарство, м'ясне скотарство (Шотландія, Уельс)

Завдання 5.
Визначте національні особливості транспортної системи та економічних зв’язків Великої Британії.

Зовнішня торгівля
Імпорт
Мінеральна сировина (залізна руда, марганцева руда, поліметалеві руди, алюмінієві руди та ін.);
Натуральний каучук;
Продовольчі товари;

Експорт
нафта;
Рідкісні та кольорові метали;
Машини (верстати, літаки, автомобілі, ракети, електроніка);
Пластмаси;
Ліки

Велика Британія відіграє значну роль у сфері туризму
Trafalgar Square
There are always a lot of people and pigeons on the square.
Every winter there is a big Christmas tree which is a gift from Norway in the middle of the square.
On New Year’s Eve people gather around the tree.
In the middle of the square there is Admiral Nelson’s Column.
Buckingham Palace

This is the Queen’s home.
It was built in 1703.
 There is a great collection of paintings.
Westminster Abbey

This is a holy place.
All English kings have been crowned and buried in the church since 1308.
Westminster Cathedral

It was built between 1895 and 1903.
This is the seat of the Cardinal Archbishop and the leading Roman Catholic Church in England.
Its bell tower is 84 metres high.
The Houses of Parliament

This big palace is the most famous building in the world – the British Parliament.
The building is 280 metres long.
There are more than 1000 rooms.
Big Ben

Big Ben, the big clock tower, is the symbol of London. It strikes hours.
Tower

The Tower of London has been a fortress, a palace, an arsenal, a mint, a prison, an observatory, a zoo, the home of the Crown Jewels and a tourist attraction.
Imperial State Crown

The Tower’s greatest treasure is the Imperial State Crown.
There are 2 800 diamonds on it.

Beefeaters

The quards of the Tower are called Beefeaters.
The  legend says that if the ravens leave, the Tower and the country will fall.
Tower Bridge

The most famous
   bridge in London
   is a Tower bridge.
Tower Bridge is a bascule-bridge.
The bascules will open to let ships pass through
Madame Tussauds Waxmuseum

Here you can see famous people, good and bad, made of wax.
This is Queen Elizabeth I.

St. Paul’s Cathedral

St.Paul’s Cathedral is a famous building too.
Prince Charles and Princess Diana married here in 1981.
Double-deckers

There are big red buses called double-deckers in London.
People sit upstairs and downstairs on these buses.
Tourists like them very much.
Taxis
Taxis in London are old-fashioned black cars.
River Thames
Thames flows through London.
The River Thames is 338 km long.
It is 245 m wide here.
Even big seaships can visit London.
Telephone booths

From here you can call your friends.

Домашнє завдання
1. Підручник, опрацювати §26
2. Заповнити таблицю №2


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект National Gallery of Art

extracted_text:
National Gallery of Art
 National Mall
Rembrandt
William Blake
Edvard Munch


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Landscape paintings

extracted_text:
Landscape paintings

Our life seems to be impossible without art. It really occupies an important part in our daily life. Also it makes our life brighter, richer and more intellectual. So, art units different people, influences the development of personality, makes our world richer, feels our soul with different feelings.
Landscape art is the depiction in art of landscapes, natural scenery such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and forests.
Sky is almost always included in the view, and weather is often an element of the composition.
Painters depict a real or an idealized scene.Many painters focus their attention on the atmospheric effects ,dissolved into a haze of colour and light, to express their feelings for nature’s grandeur and immensities.
Famous landscape painters
   16th century
Dosso Dossi (Italy)
“Landscape with scenes from the life of the Holy”
17th Century
Jacob van Ruisdael
“A Bleaching Ground in a Hollow by a Cottage”
Albert Jacobs Cape
“A Hilly Landscape with Figure”
Nicolas Poussin
“Landscape with Orpheus and Eurydice”
Claude Lorrain
“Landscape with David at the Cave of Adullam”
Rembrandt
"Christ in the storm on the Sea of Galilee"
Heysbreht Leytens
“Winter Landscape”
18th century
Hubert Robert
“Fantastic View of Tivoli”
 Claude Vernet
“A Seastorm”
Francois Boucher
“Landscape near Beauvais”
19th century
Ivan Shishkin
“Birch Forest”
Camille Pissarro
      “The Garden of the Tuileries on a Winter Afternoon”
Édouard Manet
“My Garden”
Van Gogh
“Autumn Landscape with Four Trees “
Paul Gauguin
“Winter Landscape”
Ivan Aivazovsky
“The Ninth Wave”
Arkhyp Kuindzhi
Sea. Crimea.
 Vasily Polenov
"Indian summer"
 Claude Monet
“Poppies”
Alfred Sisley
“Houses on the banks of the Loing”
20th century
Konstantin Korovin
“Spring”
Konstantin Bohaievsky
“Tropical Landscape”
Albert Marquet
“Harbor in Menton”
Maurice Vlaminck
“Over Water”
Renato Guttuso
“Winter Landscape in Lombardy”
 George Bellows
“Blue Snow”
   Winslow Homer
“Rocky Shore”
Rockwell Kent
“Sunny Shine”


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Form, 9-Great Britain.

extracted_text:
Талипова Фаягуль
Равилевна
Учитель английского языка
МБОУ «Олуязский лицей»
Мамадышского муниципального района
Республики Татарстан
Oluyaz lyceum,
Form,9
 Great Britain  is magic!

 Part1
What is the UK?
Geographical position of the country
Capitals
Symbols

Part2
Speaking
Writing
Reading
Doing tasks

Today

 The official name of this country is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The shorten name is The United Kingdom or The UK.

There are 4 historical parts in the UK:
 England.

Scotland.

Wales.

Northern Ireland.
              The capital of England is LONDON

Capitals
The capital of Scotland is EDINBURGH
The capital of Wales is CARDIFF
The capital of Northern Ireland is BELFAST

 England- red rose- роза
 Wales- leek
лук-порей

 Scotland - the thistle-чертополох
Northern Ireland - the shamrock-клевер
Symbols
Quiz
What is the official name of the country whose language you study?a) Great Britain
b) England
c) the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
2. How many countries does the United Kingdom consist of?a) four b) three c) two
3. What is the capital of the UK?a) Cardiff b) Dublin c) London
4. What is the symbol of the United Kingdom?a) a bald eagle b) Britannia c) a rose
5. What is the fastest way to cross the English Channel?a) through the Channel Tunnel b) by boat c) by ferry
6. What is the most important airport in Great Britain?a) Heathrow Airport b) Gatwick Airport c) Stansted Airport
7. English children start going to school at the age of:a) 7 b) 6 c) 5
8. There are 2 days a week when British pupils don’t go to school. They are:a) Sunday and Monday b) Friday and Saturday c) Saturday and Sunday
9. Who helps schoolchildren to cross the street near the school?a) a policeman b) a lollipop man c) a fireman
10. What is the school-leaving age in the United Kingdom?a) 16 b) 13 c) 18
11. What is the highest mark in British schools?a) A b) C c) G
12. What is the London residence of Queen Elizabeth II?a) the Tower of London b) Windsor Castle
c) Buckingham Palace
13. Where is Nelson’s Column situated? a) in Parliament Square b) in Trafalgar Square
c) in Piccadilly Circus
14. Earth Day is celebrated:a) in winter b) in summer c) in spring
15. RSPCA is a charity that:a) helps animals b) organizes meetings and parties in schools
c) sells books and pictures
16. The environment organization is:a) Oxfam b) Save the children c) Greenpeace
17. Which of these cities is not in Britain?a) New York b) London c) Oxford
18. Lewis Carol was:a) a teacher b) an actor c) a writer
19. The Beatles came from:a) Liverpool b) Manchester c) Birmingham
20. Which holiday is on the 25th of December?a) Christmas Day b) Halloween c) Easter
Can you write their names correctly?
Can you match the places to the texts?
Read the letter and correct mistakes.

Articles
NO articles:

Cities- London, Moscow, Kazan
Streets, squares- Red Square, Oxford Street
Countries- Great Britain, Russia, France

BUT: the Russian Federation,
the UK, The United States
Task 1
Yes- No questions!
1) Is the US  the  official name of the country?
2)Does  the UK consist of 4 parts?
3)Is shamrock the symbol England?
4)Is London the capital of Scotland?
5) Is Wales  a city?

Articles
Correct the mistakes

the Great Britain,
 US, the Moscow, the Russia,
UK, the Trafalgar Square,
the Oxford Street,
the Scotland, the London
Ex. 18, p. 107- translate the sentences and learn them by heart
Thank  you for attention!
Список источников:
Интернет ресурсы:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain
http://images.yandex.ru
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Let’s begin our new lesson!

extracted_text:
Let’s  begin our new lesson!
16,April
Good afternoon, children!
I am very glad to see you and I hope that everyone will be happy
So our theme is:
“We are different, but we are all the same.’’
We must:
Learn some new words
Use at our speech
Make sentences
Check up!!!

Kind
Crying
Happy
Sad
Shouting
Angry
Dreaming
Curious
Thinking

We cry when we're happy
We cry when we're sad
Now doesn't that make you oh so mad?

Now it's all
Angry and sad
That's all there is
That's all there ever is

Love is a pink and purple in colour
It tastes like Cadbury chocolate
It smells like a freshly baked cake
It sounds like baby talk
 But Love isn't always what it's cracked up to be
 Love is blood red

Happy is golden.
Happy tastes like chocolate cake.
It has the scent of cookies that are baking.
Happy is like having someone tell you
They're taking you to Dream world.
It sounds like someone saying,
 "I've got a present for you".
Happy is heavenly!

“I think that positive / negative emotions are…”
Now we will finish our lesson
Page 97 ex. 15
Good – bye!!!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Saint Nickolas Day!!!

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Saint Nickolas Day!!!

Saint Nicolas Day celebrate on nineteenth of December.

This festival is a time of great fan in Ukraine.

On this day, people would invite guests and sleighs would be ridden around the village to see the snow was slippery.

This was the holiday for young children, for they would receive gifts from St. Nickolas, the patron saint of children.

“St.Nickolas”  was often accompanied by “angels” and might have quizzed the children on their catechism.
+ BONUS

Zhenia Demchenko


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Hippies in our life!

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Hippies in our life!
Работу выполнили ученицы 10 класса
МОУ сош №4 города Петровска
Мещерякова Мария и Безверхова Екатерина

On streets spring hippies wander.
To grated old jeans have stuck
Earth lumps, small stalks and blades.
And to a city fresh paints in a novelty,
And the winter skin – is rough and close.
The city has got rid of boredom and a rash –
Be glad, people in streets of hippie,
It seems that and the truth has come spring.
 The hippie subculture was originally a youth movement that arose in the United States during the mid-1960s, swiftly spreading to other countries around the world.

Hippies protested against  Puritan morals of some Protestant churches, and also propagandized  aspiration  to return to natural cleanliness  through love and pacifism. One of the most known slogans of hippie: «Make love, not war!»,
 They unite in System. It some kind of club in which accept not everyone. The system shares on groups (party) where there are two layers: "pioneers" and “oldovie" (mammoths). "Pioneers" - teenagers, “oldovie" - the old members of System seriously penetrating into problems of religion, mysticism, art creativity.
 As hippies often intertwined with flowers in hair, distributed flowers to passers-by and inserted them into weapon barrels of policemen and soldiers, them began to name «children of colours».

Symbol of hippie is  pacific
Hippies wear simple clothes, blue jeans and open sandals.
They often chose brightly colored clothing and wore unusual styles, such as bell-bottom pants, vests, tie-dyed garments, dashikis, peasant blouses, and long, full skirts
Also they carried a bandana or wreaths from colours on a head.
Hippies like to have fun and sometimes some members of this subculture are on drugs. But sometimes they despise them.

Hippies prefer to listen to a reggae music.
Hippies very much like to travel.
It is considered one of symbols of movement of hippie an old minibus "the Volkswagen", which hippie traditionally painted in style «Flower Power ».

So modern hippies look!
The famous hippies
Foreign hippies
John Lennon
Joplin, Dzhenis
Baez, Dzhoan
Kaessady, Nile
Romny, Hugh
Ayzly
Morrison, Jim
Hendrix, Jimmy
Ebbi Hoffman
Jerry the Ruby
Domestic hippies
Anna Gerasimov (Умка), the singer
Jury Morozov, the musician, the philosopher
Evgenie Tchitcherin, the musician
Olga Arefyev, the singer
Sergey Solmi, the artist
To be hippie — means to trust in the world, as a way of the permission of disagreements between people, ideologies, religions. The way to the world lies through love and tolerance. To love — means to accept others such what they to eat, give them freedom to express. And, of course, not to condemn them for appearance. It is an essence of philosophy of hippie.

Hippies  sought to free themselves from societal restrictions, choose their own way, and find new meaning in life
Thank you for attention


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Маленькая история

extracted_text:
                        A little history
The history of "Oil and Gas College" Orenburg city is closely connected with the development of the oil industry of the city and the region.

In the early 70-ies of geological exploration management of the Orenburg region was experiencing an acute shortage of qualified personnel. The newly discovered deposits were waiting young drillers technician, rig machinists, chemical technicians. analysis. At this time, our school was opened.
       The College has a museum with works by students

                             technical director
Sadchikov Alexander Nikolaevich
The head of college in 2014 of the year
Education:

College: All-Union Correspondence Institute of Law,                                         specialty "Jurisprudence"

and here is the typical students


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект TIERE

extracted_text:
TIERE
Stunde 23
2 Klasse
Презентация учителя немецкого языка
Прилуковой Жанны Григорьевны
МАОУ»СОШ№10» г.Перми
Tiere

HAUSTIERE                   WILDTIERE

Haustiere – домашние животные

Знаешь ли ты, как называются домашние животные по-немецки?
Die Katze
Der Hund
Die Maus
Das Pferd
Die Kuh
Das Ziege

КОШКА

СОБАКА

МЫШЬ

ЛОШАДЬ

КОРОВА

КОЗА

Wildtiere – дикие животные

Знаешь ли ты, как называются дикие животные по-немецки?
Der Löwe
Der Wölf
Der Bär
Der Luchs
Der Fuchs
Der Hase

ЛЕВ

ВОЛК

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Wer was mag? Кто что любит?
Die  Maus mag…
Der Bär mag…
Der Elefant mag…
Die  Katze mag…
Der  Hamster mag…

KÄSE

HONIG

FRUCHT

MILCH

ÄPFEL

Wer kann was? Кто что умеет?
Der Hund kann…
Der Löwe kann…
Das Pferd kann…
Die Schlange kann…
Die Ente kann…

BELLEN

JAGEN

LAUFEN

KRICHEN

SCHWIMMEN

Wie ist es? Кто какой?
Die Ziege ist…
Der Bär ist…
Der Tiger ist…
Das Krokodil ist…
Die Zebra ist …

WEIβ

GROβ

BÖSE

GRÜN

BUNT


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Идиоматические выражения

extracted_text:
 Тема: Идиоматические выражения с математическими терминами и проблемы их     перевода с русского языка на английский.
Проектная работа ученицы 5а класса Гимназии №399
Гариной Алины
Руководитель: Ибрагимова В.В.

5klass.net
· Цель:
узнать больше о русских фразеологизмах с математическими терминами и найти им соответствия в английском языке
· Задачи:
выделить некоторые математические термины
найти идиомы с этими терминами в русском и английском языках
рассмотреть соответствия математических терминов при переводе с русского языка на английский язык и сделать выводы
найти примеры использования идиом в литературе
подобрать иллюстративный материал, отражающий содержание исследования
Idioms are steady combinations of words which it is impossible to translate literally as their meaning is lost. For this purpose it is necessary to know their exact value.
Idioms add colour to the language, giving us lively and interesting ways of expressing ourselves. We use them in a wide variety of situations, from friendly conversations and business meetings to more formal written contexts.  Longman Pocket Idioms Dictionary

от горшка два вершка
pot
1¾ inches
to be knee-high to the grasshopper

точка – point (math); spot; dot; a full stopугол – angle (math); cornerкруг – circle (math)шар – sphere (math); spherical object; ball
  Математические термины и допустимый перевод:
попасть в точку

Значение: в цель; так, как нужно, правильно,
 добиться результата
to hit the mark/
 to hit the nail on the head/
 to hit the bull’s eye


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект The Russian National Emblem

extracted_text:
The Russian National Emblem

   The Russian National Emblem is the golden DOUBLE-HEADED eagle with a horseman ( St George) on a shield on eagle’s breast with a red background.

    Above the two heads of the eagle there is an historical crown.

It was at the time of establishment of the Russian state system and the emblem which symbolised the supreme power and sovereignty  of the of the state.
The first emblem of the double-headed
   eagle was introduced  in 1480 by Prince Ivan III.
   Since then, the double-headed eagle has been the main part of the emblem of our country.
   But the crown is the symbol of sovereignty both of the Russian Federation ( as a whole ) and of its parts (subject of the Federation).

    The state emblem shows our patron saint George, who helped our country at times of war.
The state emblem appeared in Russia in 1480.
   It is the оldest state emblem in history and contributes to our country’s traditions.
В презентации использованы материалы:
kartinki-na-rabochiy-stol.ru
ai-cdr.ucoz.ru
wwwboards.auto.ru
gr.neftegaz.ru
vse-foto.ru
art-teks.ru
peoples.ru
clubs.ya.ru
old.stjag.ru


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Sports

extracted_text:
                Sports
Sports
People have always admired sport. Some people like the quiet, while others prefer active sports. They love competition. Regular exercise, such as charging, maintain the health of the people.
Swimming
Swimming is a sport that strengthens all the muscles of the human body.
Archery
Sports can be practiced in different ways. Some species, such as archery, are alone.
Tennis
In other sports, such as tennis, play a pair or four together.
Football
Team sports such as soccer, teach people to act together, to score a goal.
Sport for fun and sports for the sake of money.
A person who plays sports for fun only, is referred to as an amateur. A person who is paid money for participating in the competition and who earns his living sport, called professional.
Which sports are the most popular?
This is football. Football is played all over the world. It originated in England in the middle ages, when people in the villages were playing in the streets, and now im addicted to millions of people.
Run hero
The marathon is an event in the 42 km 195 m Above the marathon distance ran through the ancient Greek soldier in 490 BC, he ran to announce victory over the Persians, dobežav, died from exhaustion.
The first Olympic Games
The ancient Greeks held athletic games held every four years. Women were not allowed to take part in them, but even watching the competitions. Sports such as men's discus throw and Javelin, came from ancient times.
The modern Olympic Games
The Olympic Games are held every four years in different countries. These are amateur athletes from all over the world. The Olympic flame at the opening ceremony of the games delivered by runners from Athens in Greece. It burns until the last game. Nowadays, athletes-men and women-are competing in more than twenty sports. Millions of people watching the game on television. Each winner receives a gold medal, who became the second, silver, bronze.
Wrestling
     More than 5000 years ago men were preparing for battle, such sports as wrestling.
Hang Gliding
Thanks to the development of technology and new sports such as hang-gliding.
Car racing
The first automobile race held between Paris and Ruan in France in 1894.
Horse competitions
In some sports, such as horse races with obstacles, compete and people and horses.
Thank you for your attention :)


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Animal Biotechnology

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Animal Biotechnology
Transgenics are genetically modified organisms with DNA from another source inserted into their genome
A large number of transgenic animals have been created
Mice  Cows  Pigs  Sheep  Goats  Fish  Frogs  Insects
Currently, no transgenic animal or animal product is approved by the FDA or USDA for human consumption
Some of the goals of transgenic animal creation are:
Research into animal and human disease
Improve livestock animals
Use of animals as bioreactors
Transgenic Animal Creation
Microinjection  into the germ line -> transgenic animal
Gene injected into the male pronuclei

Eggs are infected prior to fertilization
Virus integrates into one of the chromosomes
Recombinant Defective Retrovirus
Linker Based Sperm-Mediated Gene Transfer (LB-SMGT)
Sperm fertilizes the egg carrying the foreign gene into the egg where it is incorporated into the genome
Some of the drawbacks of these methods are:
The inserted DNA randomly integrates into the genome
The eggs must be harvested & fertilized in vitro
More than one copy of the gene may get into the genome
Transgenic Animal Generation
Examples of Transgenic Animals
Transgenic Cattle
Dairy cows carrying extra copies of two types of casein genes produce 13% more milk protein
Not only will this make the milk more nutritious, it would allow for less milk to make more cheese
Currently the milk from these animals is under FDA review
The important difference between this & other transgenics is that the DNA added is not foreign
EnviroPig TM
Transgenic pigs express phytase in their salivary glands
Phytic acid in the pig meal is degraded releasing phosphorus
The phosphorus is absorbed by the pig
Normally the phytic acid/phosphorus complex passes through the pig and is excreted as waste
Pig waste is a major pollutant & can cause eutrophication of lakes & streams
http://www.nature.com/news/2005/050221/images/nbt0305-283-I1.jpg
Transgenic Fish
Tilapia
Salmon/trout
Catfish
Can grow up to 6 times faster than wildtype fish
Most have extra copies of growth hormone (GH) gene
Transgenic
Wildtype
http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v19/n6/images/nbt0601_500a_I1.jpg
The transgene used to increase growth utilizes an antifreeze protein promoter connected to the GH cDNA
http://pubs.acs.org/hotartcl/chemtech/99/jun/fletcher.html

As water temperature drops the GH gene is turned on
The fish continue to grow when normally they would not
Antifreeze promoter from pout
Concerns if these ‘supersized’ transgenic fish got loose
Transgenic fish are farm-raised, isolated from wild stocks
But even during farming of wildtype fish, escapes happen frequently (~14 million/yr)
What would happen if a large number of transgenic escaped & started breeding with wild fish?
http://pewagbiotech.org/buzz/index.php3?IssueID=10
In experiments, transgenic males mated 3x more frequently than the smaller wild males
Offspring of transgenic males lived <70% as long as wild males
Could lead to a decline of the wild fish population & endanger a species as whole

http://pubs.acs.org/hotartcl/chemtech/99/jun/fletcher.html
+Antifreeze
wild
transgenic
Antifreeze Proteins (AFP)
AFPs lower the freezing temperature of blood & fluids
Trout normally do not survive in water below –0.6°C
Transgenic trout containing an AFP gene & promoter can survive in waters as cold as –1.2°C
Animal Bioreactors
“Pharming”
http://nolswf.bbc.net.uk/science/genes/gene_safari/pharm/a_pharming.shtml
1997, Tracy the sheep, the first transgenic animal to produce a recombinant protein drug in her milk
alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) treatment for emphysema & cystic fibrosis
Created by PPL Therapeutics & The Roslin Institute
Nexia Biotechnologies transfered the silk gene from Orb spiders into goats
The resulting male goats were used to sire silk-producing female goats
Each goat produces several grams of silk protein in her milk
The silk is extracted, dried to a white powder, and spun into fibers
The fibers are stronger and more flexible than steel
Transgenic male kids carrying silk gene
GTC Biotherapeutics has received approval to sell human anti-thrombin (ATryn) purified from goat’s milk in Europe
Technology is not restricted to cows, goats, & sheep
There is interest in using rabbits since housing costs are significantly less & generation time is faster
Chickens which produce recombinant drugs in their eggs have been produced by The Roslin Institute
Other Types of Transgenic Animals

Transgene -> Gene coding for a growth hormone
ANDi, the first transgenic primate born in January, 2000
224 unfertilized rhesus eggs were infected with a GFP virus
~Half of the fertilized eggs grew and divided
40 were implanted into twenty surrogate mothers
five males were born,two were stillborn
ANDi was the only live monkey carrying the GFP gene
http://www.ohsu.edu/unparchive/2001/011001andi.shtml
Alba, the EGFP (enhanced GFP) bunny
Created in 2000 as a transgenic artwork
http://www.ekac.org/gfpbunny.html#gfpbunnyanchor
http://news.aol.com/story/_a/glowing-pig-passes-genes-to-piglets/20080109143909990001?ncid=NWS00010000000001
Transgenic Pigs Pass on the Transgene
GloFish, originally developed in Singapore as a way to monitor water pollution
The normally black-and-silver zebrafish was turned green or red by inserting various versions of the GFP gene
Glofish are on sale throughout the US except in California
Glofish retail for about $5 per fish. Normal zebrafish cost around one tenth of the price
http://www.nus.edu.sg/corporate/research/gallery/research12.htm
Mouse “Knock-out” Technology
Gene Targeting
Knock-out technology allows for the specific loss of a gene in mice
Allows for the function of the KO’d gene to be deduced from the defects seen in the mice
can be used to mimick some disease
Unlike traditional transgenics the trangene is targeted to a specific site in the DNA of the mouse
http://cba.musc.edu/SC_COBRE/CORE-B/Resources-B.htm
Mouse Knock-outs require embryonic stem (ES) cells
These are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of a blastocyst (the ICM is what will become the fetus)
ES cells are pluripotent meaning they can become all the different cell types found in an adult
http://tasq.uq.edu.au/blasto.html
Blastocyst Injection
Blastocyst	ES cells

http://bunseiserver.pharm.hokudai.ac.jp/gihou/knockout.html
Chimeric mouse
The brown fur comes from ES cells injected into the blastocyst of an albino mouse
Some Examples of Knockout Mice
p27 knockout mouse is bigger than the control
This is not due to obesity, but the skeletal structure is increased in size (everything about the mouse is larger)
http://www.bioreg.kyushu-u.ac.jp/saibouE.html
p27 knockout mouse
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/genes/gene_safari/wild_west/bigger_and_better02.shtml
GDF8 (Myostatin) knockout mouse
Over twice the muscle mass of a wildtype mouse
normal			knockout
Naturally Occurring GDF8 Mutants
http://www.canada.com/victoriatimescolonist/story.html?id=67f15c17-2717-4022-bb76-1b982456e793&k=94653
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/genes/gene_safari/wild_west/bigger_and_better02.shtml

FGF5 knockout mouse has long, angora-like hair
http://www.med.uni-jena.de/ivm/deutsch/method/method_7.htm
Clones and Cloning
http://www.harlemlive.org/community/health-science/scientificcommunity/index2.html
Dolly as a lamb with her surrogate mother
Dolly, First Mammal Cloned From an Adult Cell
Dolly, as an adult
http://www.howstuffworks.com/cloning3.htm
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
What Has Been Cloned So Far?

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
Sheep, Goat, Mouse, Rabbit, Cattle (domestic & wild), Pig, Horse, Mule, Dog, Cat (domestic & wild), Deer

Embryo Splitting (Twinning)
Sheep, Cattle, Primate (Rhesus)
Cat Clone
Donor		      Surrogate mother with clone (CC)
Out of 87 implants only CC survived to birth

http://www.usatoday.com/news/science/2003-01-21-cloned-cats_x.htm
Donor & Clone
Rainbow & CC
Cloned transgenic cat containing red fluorescent protein
http://news.aol.com/story/_a/glowing-pig-passes-genes-to-piglets/20080109143909990001?ncid=NWS00010000000001
Transgenic Clones
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/05/0529_030529_muleclone.html
Idaho Gem, first cloned mule
1st try 134 implants 2 pregnancies, both failed
2nd try 113 implantations 14 pregnancies, one birth
Surrogate mother (horse)
In addition to cloning pets or prized livestock, researchers are looking to clone transgenic animals
This would allow for more uniform expression of transgenic genes
Not all transgenic animals express their transgenic genes at equal levels
Also allows for the rapid expansion to large flocks or herds of transgenic animals

http://www.newrivervalley.com/biotech/day1.html
Piglets clones created by PPL Therapeutics in 2000
The piglets carry a silenced copy of alpha 1,3 galactosyl transferase, or GT, an enzyme involved in organ rejection
In order to guarantee compatibility a second GT gene must also be silenced
Conservation Cloning
Many endangered or extinct animals are being cloned or considered for cloning
Gaur
Bucardo mountain goat
Mammoth
Quagga
Banteng
Mammoth			Quagga
Bucardo			Gaur
http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/t/r/trp2/mammoth.jpeg
http://www.serragaucha.com.br/rocky/zoo.html
http://www.riosmith.net/Gaur004.jpg
http://www1.ceit.es/Asignaturas/Ecologia/EspNaturales/Ordesa/mamiferos.htm#Bucardo

http://www.advancedcell.com/images/Banteng002-sm.jpg
Noah, a Banteng clone created by Advanced Cell Technologies
Banteng are endangered wild bovine from Southeast Asian
This clone was created from frozen tissue of an animal that died in 1980
3 Pig clones, born in 2002, died of heart attacks due to “adult clone sudden death syndrome” within days of each other by the time they were 6 months old.
Dolly had a weight problem, telomeres 20% shorter than normal, she suffered from arthritis, and finally lung cancer due to an infection for which she was finally euthanized at age 6yrs.
The success rate ranges from 1 to 3% this contrasts to in vitro fertilization which has a success rate of 50 to 20%
Problems with Cloning
http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/gene/cloning.success.jpg
Nearly all clones show some genetic anomalies
Some suffer from placental defects others cardiac defects
Many suffer from large offspring syndrome (LOS)

Normal mouse pup	Cloned mouse pup 			suffering from LOS


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Youth musical culture

extracted_text:
Youth musical culture
 Jazz
Jazz - a sort of pleasure music of mainly dancing character.
At the heart of a jazz improvisation lies.
Rock`n`roll

Rock and roll (often written as rock & roll or rock 'n' roll) is a genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s, primarily from a combination of the blues, country music, jazz, and gospel music.Though elements of rock and roll can be heard in country records of the 1930s,and in blues records from the 1920s, rock and roll did not acquire its name until the 1950s. An early form of rock and roll was rockabilly, which combined country and jazz with influences from traditional Appalachian folk music and gospel.
Country rock, folk rock
At the heart of a country rock vocal and tool music of countrymen, and folk fate (folk rock, from folk music - "folk music" and "fate") - traditions of a city song lies.
  Rock opera
The rock opera genre has united in itself lines of fate and classical music. However at the heart of a rock opera – a rock music. Its stylistics go back to various directions of fate (that at all doesn't exclude loans from classical music, a jazz etc.)
Musical
The term "musical" (musical, from musical comedy - «a musical comedy») have thought up the Americans, loving to save in words.

Glam rock
Glam rock (glam rock, from glamorous - "charming", "seductive", "effective" and "fate"). Glam has arisen in reply to complication of a rock music and occurrence of "progressive" fate.
Ethnic music
Ethnic music is a motley world of genres, styles and the forms often connecting elements of musical traditions of the most different epoch and the people.
New wave
The musical phenomenon - «a new wave» (new wave) has arisen in second half 70th and has had the greatest development to Great Britain and the USA.
Heavy metal
Word combination «heavy - threw» (heavy metal - «heavy metal») has arisen how has appeared in a modern rock music, and it was originally used by bikers.
Pop music
Pop music (pop music) occurs from the reduced word combination «popular music» (popular music).
Rap
Rap - (rap) «rhythmic American poetry». The rap native land - poor area of New York – Southern Bronx.
 Rave
On a boundary of 70-80th there was a new phenomenon of modern culture - a rave (rave - to "admire,"rave, "rage").
Alternative
Alternative music or alternative (alternative - «one of two») name set of the currents existing approximately with 1985 on 1995.

Avant-garde
The concept musical avant-guard (avant-garde - "advance party") has appeared in classical music soon after the Second World War.
THANKS FOR ATTENTION!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE1564-1616

extracted_text:
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE1564-1616

The life of William Shakespeare
W. Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564 in Stratford-on-Avon. His father was a glove-maker. William went to a grammar school and had a good education. There he learned to love reading.
William married when he was still a teenager. His wife, Anne Hathaway, was several years older than he was. He carved his living helping his father in the family business. He had three children when he left for London in 1587. Some people say that the reason he had left his wife and children was his love to poetry and theatre.
In London Shakespeare began to act and to write plays and soon became an important member of a well-known acting company. Most of his plays were performed in the Globe Theatre, built on the bank of the River Thames. In 1613 he stopped writing and went back to live in Stratford. There he died in 1616.
His plays are still acted not only in England and on the stages of many theatres of the world.
The house where William Shakespeare was born
William Shakespeare –one of the world’s greatest writer
William Shakespeare also wrote many sonnets and poems. The best and the most popular Shakespeare's works are "King Lear", "Romeo and Juliet", "Twelfth Night", "Hamlet", "Othello". Written hundreds of years ago, these works are very popular nowadays, they are translated into many languages and they are read and loved by the people all over  the world.
The most famous plays written byShakespeare
1593  "The Comedy of Errors“
1595  “Romeo and Juliet“
1596  “A Midsummer Night‘s Dream“
1599 “Julius Caesar“
1600 “As You Like It“
1600 “Twelfth Night“
1601 “ Hamlet“
1603 “All’s Well That Ends Well"
1604  “Othello”
1606  “ King Lear”
1606  “ Macbeth”

"Romeo and Juliet"

Romeo and Juliet
“Hamlet”
“Hamlet”


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Historiography of the Renaissance. Renaissance in Ukraine

extracted_text:
Historiography of the Renaissance. Renaissance in Ukraine
By Taras Shevchenko m.II-25
First of allWhat is Renaissance?

palace complex "Renaissance" ?
British progressive rock band formed in 1969 ?
The Renaissance  was a cultural movement that spanned the period roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the Late Middle Ages
Some buildings of the Renaissance

Florence, the center of Renaissance
Château de Chambord is one of the most famous examples of Renaissance architecture.
Historiography of the Renaissance

Giorgio Vasari

A cover of the Lives of the Artists by Giorgio Vasari.
Historiography of the Renaissance
French historian Jules Michelet
Historiography of the Renaissance
Jacob Burckhardt in 1892

Renaissance in Ukraine
Ostrih: Church of the Epiphany (1453-1521).
The Sataniv synagogue (1532).
Renaissance in Ukraine
View of the Kamianets-Podilskyi fortress.
Renaissance in Ukraine
The Berezhany castle (built 1554) in Ternopil oblast.
Conclusion: Renaissance was a new age in European civilization that started in Italy in the 14th century and culminated in the 16th century. It was marked by the revival of learning, art, and architecture and by the upsurge of humanism, philosophy, vernacular literature, and printing.
Thanks for your attention!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Кеше ышанмас сүзне дөрес булса да сөйләмә

extracted_text:
Кеше ышанмас сүзне дөрес булса да сөйләмә.
Җөмләдә ничә гади җөмлә бар?
Төре буенча бу нинди җөмлә?
Тест
1.Кайсы җөмлә көттерү паузасы белән бирелгән?
а) Кем эшләми шул ашамый;
б) Минем теләк шул укуны уңышлы тәмамлау;
в) Көн салкын торса уңыш начар булачак.
2.Баш җөмлә белән иярчен җөмлә арасында өтер билгесе куелган җөмләне сайла
а) Җире аз кешеләр батраклыкка яллана иделәр;
б) Кайда берлек бар шунда татулык бар;
в)Канаты каерылган кош оча алмас.
3. Иярченле ия җөмләдә бәйләүче чаралар парлы мөнәсәбәтле сүз белән килсә, нинди тыныш билгесе куела?
а)ике нокта
б) өтер
в) бернинди дә тыныш билгесе куелмый

Пунктуация

Кагыйдәләр китапчыгы
Бүлекләр:
Кызыл юл(абзац)
Нокта
Сорау
Өндәү
Күпнокта
Сызык
Җәяләр
Өтер
Ике нокта
Нокталы өтер

Сүз...
     1)“Иң  әүвәл Сүз булды...” дип башлана Тәүрат китабында.2) Барысы да сүздән башлана.3) Ә сүз ул- кешенең дөньяны танып- белү тәҗрибәсен башкаларга җиткерү, аралашу коралы.4) Кешенең акыл- зиһен матурлыгы аның сүзләрендә күренә. 5)Тикмәгә генә халык: «Яхшы сүз- җан азыгы, яман сүз- баш казыгы» ,- димәгән.6) Чыннан да, яхшы сүз кешенең күңелен күтәрә, авырлыкларны җиңәргә көч бирә, батырлыклар эшләргә рухландыра.7) Яман сүз изге хисләрне үтерә, кешенең кулыннан эше төшә,хәтта кешене упкыннар читенә китереп тери.
      8) Без гомер буе сүзләр белән аралашып яшибез. 9)Сүзләр безне бәхетле дә, бәхетсез дә итә ала... 10) Сүзләр әйтерсең лә кояш: алар һәркемнеке дә, һәммәбезнеке дә. 11) Һәркемнең үз кояшы булган кебек, һәркемнең үз сүзе, үз язмышы…
Бирем: В1 1-5 нче җөмләләрдән ия белән хәбәр арасында  сызык куелган очрак булган җөмләнең номерын күрсәт.
В2  5-8 нче җөмләләрдән кереш сүзне аерып яз
В3  1-8 нче җөмләләрдән тезмә кушма җөмләләрнең санын арта бару тәртибендә яз
В4 Иярчен тәмамлык җөмләле кушма җөмләне табарга, номерын яз


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект National Days in Britain

extracted_text:
     National Days           in  Britain
4 National Days in Britain:
Scotland’s National Day is St. Andrew’s Day (30 November)
Wales’ National Day is St. David’s Day (1 March)
England’s national day is St. George’s Day (23 April)
Northern Ireland’s National Day is St. Patrick’s Day (17th March)
St. Andrew’s Day
Saint Andrew is the patron saint of Scotland
St. Andrew, one of Christ’s twelve apostles, is the patron saint of Scotland. Since medieval times the X-shaped saltire cross upon which St. Andrew was supposedly crucified has been the Scottish national symbol
St. Andrew’s Day
the feast day of Saint Andrew
St. Andrew's Day is Scotland's official national day and an official bank holiday
although it is a bank holiday, banks are not required to close and employers are not required to give their employees the day off as a holiday
is an official flag day in Scotland

St. David’s Day
St. David (c.520-588), the patron saint of Wales, was the founder and first abbot-bishop of Menevia, now St. David’s in Dyfed, South Wales. The day is commemorated by the wearing of daffodils or leeks by patriotic Welsh people. Both plants are traditionally regarded as the national emblems of Wales

Saint David's Day
the feast day of Saint David, the patron saint of Wales
falls on 1 March each year
the date of March 1st was chosen in remembrance of the death of Saint David on that day in 589, and has been celebrated by followers since then. The date was declared a national day of celebration within Wales in the 18th century
every year parades are held in Wales to commemorate St. David. The largest of these is held in Cardiff
the flag of Saint David often plays a central role in the celebrations and can be seen flying throughout Wales
St. George’s Day
St. George is the patron saint of England
A story that first appeared in the 6th century tells that St. George rescued a hapless maid by slaying a fearsome fire-breathing dragon. The saint’s name was shouted as a battle cry by English knights who fought beneath the red-cross banner of St. George during the Hundred Years War (1338-1453)
St. George’s Day
St George's Day was a major feast and national holiday in England on a par with Christmas from the early 15th century
in recent years the popularity of St George's Day appears to be increasing gradually
a traditional custom at this time was to wear a red rose in one's lapel, though with changes in fashion this is no longer common
another custom is to fly or adorn the St George's Cross flag in some way
St. Patrick’s Day
The work of St. Patrick (c.389-c.461) was a vital factor in the spread of Christianity in Ireland. Born in Britain, he was carried off by pirates, and spent six years in slavery before escaping and training as a missionary. The day is marked by the wearing of shamrocks, the national badge of both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland
St. Patrick’s Day
is an official Bank Holiday in Northern Ireland
according to legend, St. Patrick used the shamrock, a three-leaved plant, to explain the Holy Trinity to the pre-Christian Irish people
green ribbons and shamrocks were worn in celebration of St Patrick's Day as early as the 17th century


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект асоьсоср

extracted_text:
Организация внеурочной деятельности в ОУ в рамках реализации ФГОС
Составила:
учитель начальных классов
МБОУ СОШ№98 г.Краснодар
Чаплыгина Елена Борисовна
Что понимается под внеурочной деятельностью?
      Внеурочная деятельность является составной частью учебно-воспитательного процесса и одной из форм организации свободного времени учащихся. Внеурочная деятельность понимается сегодня преимущественно как деятельность, организуемая во внеурочное время для удовлетворения потребностей учащихся в содержательном досуге, их участии в самоуправлении и общественно полезной деятельности.
В настоящее время в связи с переходом на новые стандарты второго поколения происходит совершенствование внеурочной деятельности.                                                                                Настоящая программа создает условия для социального, культурного и профессионального самоопределения, творческой самореализации личности ребёнка, её интеграции в системе мировой и отечественной культуры.
Какова основная цель внеурочной деятельности?
     Внеурочная деятельность, как и деятельность обучающихся в рамках уроков направлена на достижение результатов освоения основной образовательной программы. Но в первую очередь – это достижение личностных и метапредметных результатов. Это определяет и специфику внеурочной деятельности, в ходе которой обучающийся не только и даже не столько должен узнать, сколько научиться действовать, чувствовать, принимать решения и др. Если предметные результаты достигаются в процессе освоения школьных дисциплин, то в достижении метапредметных, а особенно личностных результатов – ценностей, ориентиров, потребностей, интересов человека, удельный вес внеурочной деятельности гораздо выше, так как ученик выбирает ее исходя из своих интересов, мотивов.
Каковы основные задачи внеурочной деятельности?
- обеспечить благоприятную адаптацию ребенка в школе;
- оптимизировать учебную нагрузку обучающихся;
- улучшить условия для развития ребенка;
- учесть возрастные и индивидуальные особенности обучающегося;
Принципы организации внеурочной деятельности
Принцип учета региональных особенностей для организации  внеурочной деятельности

Принцип взаимодействия с учреждениями дополнительного образования, культуры и спорта

 Принцип  оптимального использования учебного  и каникулярного периодов учебного года при организации внеурочной деятельности

Принцип учета возможностей учебно-методического комплекта
Направления внеурочной деятельности
•духовно-нравственное;
• спортивно-оздоровительное;
•социальное;
• общеинтеллектуальное;
• общекультурное.

Виды внеурочной деятельности
● игровая;
● познавательная;
● проблемно-ценностное общение;
● досугово - развлекательная деятельность (досуговое общение);
● художественное творчество;
● социальное творчество (социально преобразующая добровольческая деятельность);
● трудовая (производственная) деятельность;
● спортивно-оздоровительная деятельность;
● туристско-краеведческая деятельность.
Формы организации обучающихся
Формы организации обучающихся
Формы организации обучающихся
Какое количество часов отводится на организацию внеурочной деятельности?
Формы организации образовательного процесса, чередование учебной и внеурочной деятельности в рамках реализации основной образовательной программы начального общего образования определяет образовательное учреждение. Продолжительность занятий внеурочной деятельности и их количество в неделю определяется приказом общеобразовательного учреждения
Часы, отведенные на внеурочную деятельность, не учитываются при определении максимально допустимой учебной нагрузки учащихся, но являются обязательными для финансирования.
Количество часов на класс составляет:
1 класс – 330 часов в год,
2 - 4классы – 340 часов в год
5 - 9классы – 340 – 350часов в год
в зависимости от продолжительности учебного года в ОУ
Согласно требованиям ФГОС любые выбранные образовательным учреждением формы (в том числе и интенсивы) должны быть отражены:
•в программах внеурочной деятельности;
•в расписании внеурочной деятельности;
•в журналах учета внеурочной деятельности (дополнительного образования)
Место проведения внеурочных занятий
Аудиторные занятия
Внеаудиторные занятия
Интенсивы
Аудиторные занятия

Внеаудиторные занятия

Интенсивы
Помимо регулярных еженедельных занятий могут проводится занятия крупными блоками – интенсивы.
Примеры: сборы, слёты, профильные смены в школьном лагере, соревнования, конференции школьного научного общества, фестивали, походы и т.п.

Интенсив внеурочной деятельности – это форма внеурочной деятельности, при которой в ограниченный временной срок                               происходит максимальное формирование
определенного социального опыта.
.
                          Интенсив - не обязательно внеаудиторные занятия,
например работа школьной научной конференции и
 подготовка может быть организована исключительно
в стенах образовательного учреждения.
Оценка результатов внеурочной       деятельности
 Оценку внеурочной деятельности следует осуществлять комплексно, по нескольким параметрам:
1. Анализ общего состояния внеурочной                       деятельности:
•включенность учащихся  в систему внеурочной деятельности;
•ресурсная обеспеченность процесса функционирования  системы внеурочной деятельности учащихся.
2. Эффективность внеурочной деятельности:
•личность школьника
•детский коллектив;
•профессиональная позиция педагога.
3. Продуктивность внеурочной деятельности:
•уровень достижения ожидаемых результатов;
•достижения учащихся в выбранных видах внеурочной    деятельности;
•рост мотивации к внеурочной деятельности.
4. Удовлетворенность участников деятельности ее    организацией и результатами.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Swim

extracted_text:
swim

                       sleep

                          fly

       dream

           Listen

            open

       give

              cry

           wash

         speak
phone

              Play

                   Carry
  eat
Ask

               drink

              write
read

           sing

             buy
Read
Ask
Wash
Listen
Write
Sing
Speak
Phone
Eat
Play
Drink
Carry
Buy

to the speaker
a test
this book
your hair
English
your friend
a song
football
a new dress
your bag
a sandwich
this tea
a question

         buy

             listen

 drink

              phone


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Software Translation

extracted_text:
Добро пожаловать
в
СТАР СПб!
Ваш Проводник в Мире Многоязычной Информации
pptcloud.ru
Группа STAR была основана в 1984 г. в городе Штейн-на-Рейне в Швейцарии.

Оказывает услуги в области обработки многоязычной информации по всему миру.

Штаб-квартира в г. Рамзен, Швейцария.

Российское представительство было открыто в 1995 году в Санкт-Петербурге.
Группа STAR
Входит в пятерку крупнейших мировых поставщиков услуг глобализации и локализации.

Более  850 штатных сотрудников работают в   36 офисах, в 28 странах на 4 континентах.

Из них более 60 заняты в СТАР СПб.

Большой потенциал заложен в возможности привлечения проверенных внештатных специалистов.

Эффективная IT инфраструктура обеспечивает глобальное взаимодействие всех офисов.
STAR Сегодня
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STAR Сегодня

Услуги
Технические переводы

Разработка и локализация ПО

Интернационализация и Desktop Publishing

Выравнивание памяти переводов
Методы
Технические переводы

Машинный перевод

Перевод с использование памяти переводов

Письменный перевод
Методы
Технические переводы
Машинный перевод
Плюсы:
минимальная загрузка человеческих ресурсов в процессе перевода;
минимальное время перевода.
Минусы:
большие затраты на вычитку.

Методы
Технические переводы
Письменный перевод
Плюсы:
минимальная компьютерная подготовка переводчика.
Минусы:
не возможно обеспечить единообразие переводов нескольких переводчиков;
большие трудозатраты на подготовку текста для перевода;
и т.д.
Технические переводы
Методы
Перевод с использование памяти переводов
Плюсы:
возможность сведения переводов нескольких переводчиков;
поддержка версий документа;
поддержка единообразия переводов;
минимальные затраты на верстку конечной документации;
поддержка высокого качества переводов.
Минусы:
поддержка памяти переводов.

Подготовка к переводу.
Импорт документа в программу работающую с памятью переводов.
Перевод текста.
Орфографическая и грамматическая проверки.
Проверка единообразия перевода.
Терминологическая проверка.
Вычитка техническим редактором.
Экспорт перевода в документ.
Основные этапы
ТМ
Проверка единообразия перевода
ТМ
Осуществляемые проверки
Проверка разных переводов одного сегмента.
Проверка соответствия пустого сегмента непустому.
Проверка на непереведенные сегменты.

Проверка перевода на основе терминов словаря

Терминологическое единообразие.

Терминологическая проверка
ТМ
Выравнивание памяти переводов
ТМ
Alignment

Предварительная подготовка текста.

Выравнивание памяти переводов.

Проверка памяти переводов.
Локализация ПО
Основные проблемы
Единообразие переводов сообщений в ПО и документации.

Минимизация работы по подвёрстке ПО.
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title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Ireland

extracted_text:
Poulnabrone Portal Dolmen
 Malahide Castle
 Clifden Castle
 Dublin
 Alter  Druids
a
b
c
d
e
Тема:  Особливості ірландської кухні.
Мета:
Навчальна:
Активізувати  лексичний матеріал по темі в усному мовленні учнів в діалогічній
і монологічній  формі в процесі розвитку іншомовної  комунікативної компетенції учнів.
Вдосконалювати вміння розігрувати ситуації.
Розвивальна:
Розвивати навички аудіювання  на основі відеосюжету.
Розвивати навички діалогічного і монологічного мовлення з теми.
 Розвивати пам’ять, творчі здібності учнів.
 Розвивати і підтримувати інтерес до вивчення англійської мови через використання сучасних технологій.
Виховна:
Виховувати толерантність по відношенню до думки інших людей.
Виховувати розуміння важливого значення оволодіння іноземного мовою і потреби користуватися нею, як засобом спілкування.
Обладнання:  презентація; інтерактивна дошка; роздатковий матеріал із завданнями, відео матеріали.
Тип заняття: дискусійний клуб

Introduction
Good morning  pupils. Today we will continue discussing one of the European countries.
What country is it? Have a look at these pictures and guess what country it is…. That’s right. It’s Ireland.
Match pictures their names(discuss in pairs)
Clifden Castle(town)
Alter Druids
Poulnabrone Portal Dolmen (Poll na mBron) яма нещасть
Malahide Castle(village)
Dublin
Do you have any associations with this country?
What do you know about Ireland?? Answer my questions.
What is the capital of Ireland?
What is the official language?
What sights can you name?
Do you know any famous people?
What do you know about Irish cuisine?
Irish cuisine , that is the point we are going to pay attention to today.
Vocabulary Work
Look through the list of dishes or products. What belongs to Irish cuisine?
We’ll see weather your predictions are right or not.
Video1
You know that I have a friend in Ireland. We studied together at the lyceum, at the university. We have already communicated with her. Do you remember her name? She works as a manager at the restaurant.  She knows much about Irish cuisine and she will tell us about that.
Listen to Julia, check your predictions
And answer some questions:
What are the traditional dishes?
What drinks are famous?
What is borrowed from other cuisines?
Video2
Julia has learnt much but she is not a native citizen. Listen to the connoisseur of Irish cuisine. Julia interviewed him.
 2 groups: find similarities and differences with Julia’s words.
What did he say new about Irish cuisine? (organic food, fish..)
Is Irish cuisine similar to Ukrainian cuisine?
Dialogues, interviews. Imagine as if you were the top manager of the Ukrainian cuisine. You should give an interview now now for Nill  to know something about Ukrainian cuisine.
What is good about Ukrainian cuisine (Irish cuisine)?
If you go to Ireland, what would you like to taste there?

Vocabularv list
Potatoes                                             cabbage
cauliflower                                        parsnip
flavor                                                 lamb
pork                                                   beef
mushrooms                                       bacon
porridge                                             varenyky
salmon                                               barley
cottage pie                                         lobster
pampushky                                        garlic
carrot                                                 kulish
onion                                                  herbs
sour cream                                         poultry
muesli                                                spice
chicken                                               trout
borshch                                               lard
Answer the following questions:
- What are the traditional dishes?
- What drinks are famous?
- What is borrowed from other cuisines?
to be rich in.....
to recommend
to taste
to specialize in,....
to offer a wide choice of dishes
to suit any taste


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Технология чтения и письма в Японии

extracted_text:
Технология чтения и письма в Японии
Презентацию подготовила- Бибикова Ю.В.
преподаватель географии колледжа русской культуры им. А.С. Знаменского
В современной Японии
активно используется около 2000 иероглифов, при этом первая 1000 покрывает 90% употребления иероглифов в печатных текстах
                Японская азбука
Первоначально японцы писали по-китайски, т.е. ставили иероглифы в соответствии с древнекитайским (вэньяньским) порядком слов и читали написанное исключительно по-китайски. Затем стали при чтении на ходу переводить написанное на японский, затем для удобства чтения разработали систему специальных значков, которые показывали как именно (в каком порядке) следует производить конверсию вэньяньского текста в японский текст. Такой способ записи текста на японском языке называется камбун.

Чтение иероглифов
Иероглифы читались по-китайски, но поскольку китайское чтение иероглифов, называемое он – т.е. «звук» было японцам совершенно непонятно, а надо было как-то различать иероглифы по значению, то каждому иероглифу было приписано определенное японское слово или несколько слов, объясняющих значение этого иероглифа, и это японское слово называлось кун – т.е., если переводить буквально, –  «
      значение».
Затем, в один прекрасный день кому-то пришла в голову гениальная мысль, что можно сразу писать

      иероглифы в соответствии с японским порядком слов и читать тоже по-японски.
Начав читать иероглифы по-японски, т.е. используя кун, японцы не отбросили и китайское чтение – он. Постепенно первоначальные функции он и кун забылись, и получилось так, что у большинства японских иероглифов есть два чтения: онное или верхнее чтение – чтение, пришедшее из китайского языка и японское – кунное или т.н. нижнее чтении. Например, знак 山 – «гора» по-китайски читается как шань, а в японском может читаться как сан и как яма.

Слоговая азбука
Слоговая азбука с четко ограниченным числом знаков появляется примерно в 9 веке н.э. В двух формах: катакана – "рубленая азбука", образована путем использования части знаков китайского письма кай-шу
хирагана – "плавная азбука" – образовалась из курсивного китайского письма цао-шу. Собирательно обе слоговые японские азбуки называются кана (само слово кана означает «слоговая азбука»).

Женское и мужское написание
В «традиционной Японии» слоговая азбука считалась женским письмом, а иероглифы – мужским. Женщины очень часто вообще не знали иероглифов и писали исключительно хираганой.
Современная японская письменность
В настоящее время японское письмо – это письмо иероглифами с примесью каны (кандзи кана мадзири бун 漢字仮名混じり文): иероглифами пишутся корневые морфемы; хираганой пишутся суффиксы, служебные/вводные слова, указательные местоимения, указательные слова, некоторые широкоупотребительные глаголы; катаканой пишутся слова, заимствованные из европейских языков, европейские имена и европейские топонимы.

                         Как сказать по-японски
Группа слов со значением «Привет» по-японски:

Охаё: годзаймас (Ohayou gozaimasu) – «Доброе утро» по-японски. Вежливое приветствие.
Охаё: (Ohayou) - Неформальный вариант сказать «доброе утро» по-японски
Осс (Ossu) - Очень неформальный мужской вариант. Часто используется каратистами.
Коннитива (Konnichiwa) – «Добрый день» по-японски.
Комбанва (Konbanwa) – «Добрый вечер» по-японски.

      Ё! (Yo!) – «Привет». Исключительно неформальный мужской вариант. Однако всё же женщины тоже могут иногда говорить, но звучать это будет довольно грубо.
Гокигэнъё (Gokigenyou) – «Здравствуйте». Довольно редкое, очень вежливое женское приветствие.
Моси-моси (Moshi-moshi) – «Алло» по-японски.
Огэнки дэс ка? (o genki desuka?) – «как дела?» по-японски.

Хисасибури дэс (Hisashiburi desu) – «Давно не виделись». Обычный вежливый вариант.
Хисасибури нэ? (Hisashiburi ne?) - Женский вариант.
Хисасибури да наа... (Hisashiburi da naa) - Мужской вариант.
Яххо! (Yahhoo) – «Привет». Неформальный вариант.
Оой! (Ooi) – «Привет». Довольно неформальный мужской вариант. Обычное приветствие при перекличке на расстоянии.

Группа слов со значением «Пока» по-японски:
Саё:нара (Sayonara) – «Прощай»  или «До свидания» по-японски Обычный вариант. Говорится, если шансы скорой новой встречи невелики.
Сараба (Saraba) – «Пока». Неформальный вариант.
Мата асита (Mata ashita) – «До завтра» по-японски. Обычный вариант.
Мата нэ (Mata ne) - Женский вариант.
Мата наа (Mata naa) - Мужской вариант.

Дзя, мата (Jaa, mata) – «Ещё увидимся». Неформальный вариант.
Дзя (Jaa) - Совсем неформальный вариант.
Дэ ва (De wa) - Чуть более формальный вариант.
Оясуми насай (Oyasumi nasai) – «Спокойной ночи» по-японски. Обычный вежливо- формальный вариант.
Оясуми (Oyasumi) - Неформальный вариант сказать «спокойной ночи» по-японски

Группа слов со значением «Да» по-японски:
Хай (Hai) – «Да/угу/конечно/понял/продолжайте». Универсальное стандартное выражение сказать «Да» по-японски, вот только оно совсем не обязательно означает согласие. Потому если во время вашей речи на ваши вопросы японец будет отвечать «хай», а в самом конце на главный вопрос скажет «Нет» не удивляйтесь, он просто вам поддакивал, показывая, что он вас внимательно слушает.
Хаа (Haa) – «Да, господин». Очень формальное выражение.
Ээ (Ee) – «Да». Не очень формальная форма.

Группа слов со значением «Нет» по-японски:
Ииэ (Iie) - «Нет» по-японски. Стандартное вежливое выражение. Кроме того это вежливая форма отклонения благодарности или комплимента.
Най (Nai) - «Нет». Указание на отсутствие или не существование чего-либо.
Бэцу ни (Betsu ni) - «Ничего».

Группа слов со значением «Пожалуйста» по-японски:
Онэгай симас (Onegai shimasu) – «прошу вас/пожалуйста» по-японски. Довольно вежливая форма. Используется в просьбах типа «прошу вас сделайте это для меня».
Онэгай (Onegai) - Менее вежливая форма сказать «пожалуйста» по-японски.
 - кудасай (kudasai) - Вежливая форма. Добавляется к глаголу в –тэ форме. Например, «митэ-кудасай» - «посмотрите, пожалуйста».

- кудасаимасэн ка? (kudasaimasen ka) - Более вежливая форма. Можно перевести как «не могли вы сделать …?». Например, «митэ-кудасаимасэн ка?» - «Не могли бы вы взглянуть?».

Группа слов со значением «Спасибо» по-японски:
До:мо (Doumo) - Краткая форма, сказать «спасибо» по-японски. обычно говорится в ответ на небольшую «бытовую» помощь, например, в ответ на поданное пальто и на предложение войти.
Аригато: годзаимас (Arigatou gozaimasu) – Немного формальная, вежливая форма сказать «спасибо» по-японски.
Аригато: (Arigatou) - обычная вежливая форма сказать «спасибо» по-японски
До:мо аригато: (Doumo arigatou) - «Большое спасибо» по-японски. Вежливая форма.

«Приятного аппетита» по-японски:
     Итадакимас (Itadakimasu) - Произносится перед тем, как начать кушать. Дословно переводится примерно как - «Я принимаю [эту пищу]».
Готисо:сама дэсита (Gochisousama deshita) - «Спасибо, было очень вкусно». Произносится после окончания приемы пищи.
Готисо:сама (Gochisousama) - Менее формальная форма.

Аригато за внимание!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Post Office

extracted_text:
Post Office
3 класс
Listen, read and remember

           Letter                                письмо
	Postcard                		почтовая открытка
	Paper				бумага
	Stamp				марка
	Envelope			конверт
	Letterbox			почтовый ящик
	Post office			почта
	Postman			почтальон
	Poster				постер
	Address			адрес

Letter
письмо
Postcard
почтовая открытка
бумага
Stamp
марка
Envelope
конверт
Letterbox
почтовый ящик
Post office
Postman
почта
почтальон
Poster
постер
Address
адрес
Paper
Post office
Letter
Postcard
Paper
Envelope
Postman
Letterbox
Stamp
Ивановская область
Вичугский район
Посёлок Старая Вичуга
Ул. Зелёная, дом 20
Poster
Address
Test yourself
1 letterbox			a  марка

2 poster				b  почта

3 envelope			c  почтальон

4 stamp				d  письмо

5 address			e  почтовая открытка

6 postcard			f  почтовый ящик

7 paper				g  конверт

8 postman			h  постер

9 post office			i  адрес

10 letter			j  бумага

1f   2h   3g   4a   5i   6e   7j   8c   9b   10d


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Вестминсторское аббатство

extracted_text:
Westminster Abbey.
Khamitova Alina
Form 7.

There are many places of interest in Great Britain, particularly in its capital city – London.  Westminster Abbey a Gothic  church that is the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English monarchs. Located next to the Houses of Parliament in the Westminster neighborhood of London, Westminster Abbey is a must-see for any London visitor Neighborhood. People who visit it for the first time are startled by its beauty and glory.
Westminster Abbey

Flag of Westminster Abbey
Могилы
В годы Второй мировой войны в здание аббатства дважды попадали авиабомбы, но по счастливой случайности они не нанесли строению существенных повреждений.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Home rules for children

extracted_text:
Home rules for children
        Kolnoshenko Liza
Home rules for children
There are a lot of rules
for children at home.
    If children are at home
alone, they mustn't take
any scissors, bottles of
chlorine, matches and
other unsafed things in
their hands.
Home rules for children
Children mustn't
take a shower alone,
because they can sink.
   Also they mustn't
sit at the windowsill,
so children can fall
and break a leg or a
hand.
Home rules for children
Children mustn`t open the door to the
strange people,  these people can be
thieves.
   Children mustn`t use medicines without
parents` permission, because they can
die.

Home rules for children
Gas is very dangerous.
If at home it smells gas,
you must call to gas
service, so you can poison.
    Children mustn`t touch
electrocute it can happen
the closing of electricity
and the fire begins. It is very
dangerous.
 Home rules for children
When the fire starts a child must call
to the fire service. In such way a child
can safe himself. инуяша
    If children use these rules, it will be
easier to live. You must be careful
every day. You must protect yourself
from different and dangerous situations.
Home rules for children
     Fire can burn                        Fire can healFire can destroyFire can create             Fire is my enemyFire is my friendFire can killFire can saveFire is here Fire is thereFire is not here Fire is not thereFire will burn forever


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект путешествие в математическое королевство

extracted_text:
ПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЯ

 ПУТЕШЕСТВИЕ В МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ КОРОЛЕВСТВО

                      Какая из
                         фигур
                          лишняя?

                                             1               8
                                3
                                         5
                              2
   6         4          7
                 9                       10

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

МОЛОДЦЫ!

    4*5       9*9        5*6
    3*2       6*7        1*2

ПРОВЕРКА
   4<5   9=9   5<6
   3>2   6<7   1<2

УМНИЧКИ

ФИЗМИНУТКА
Задача

Решение
5-2-1=2(п)
Ответ: 2 пирожка.
Задача

Решение
4-2-2=0(г).
Ответ: 0 груш.
Задача
Что тяжелее 1 килограмм ваты или 1 килограмм гвоздей?
Итог занятия:
1.Что понравилось?

2.Какие были затруднения?

                                           СПАСИБО
                                ЗА
                          ПОМОЩЬ!

  М О Л О Д Ц Ы!


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Pronounce the words correctly

extracted_text:
Pronounce the words correctly:
Cat, dog, lion, tiger, turkey,
turtle, bad, slim,fat,good,
   forest,sing,crocodile.
It’s a horse.
It’s a fox.
It’s a fox.
It’s a monkey.
It’s a monkey.
It’s a parrot.
It’s a parrot.
It’s a cow.
It’s an elephant.
It’ s a pig.
It’s a bear.
It’ s a crocodile.
The theme:
Animals
A duck
A mouse
A frog
A fox
Say what these animals can do
	The lion can sing.

Agree or disagree.
1.The elephant is big and strong.
2. Tigers live in the river.
3. Dogs are good friends.
4. Monkeys don’t like bananas.
5. Cats like milk and meat.
6.А Cock can swim.
 Choose the right word for each gap: in the river, jump, small , funny,  in the jungle, clever and big.

  1.Lions are ………… .
	2.Elephants live …… .
	3.I have got a cat, it is …… .
	4.Tigers can ……… very well.
	5 I like monkeys, they are …… .

Check up!
	1. clever and big.
	2.in the jungle.
	3.small.
	4 jump.
	5. funny.

План рассказа.

Название животного.
Кличка животного.
Место обитания.
Описание животного.
Что умеет делать.
Homework

Рассказать о любимом животном
Закончите предложения
Сегодня на уроке я

научился…..
Было интересно….
Было трудно……


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Ireland and its symbols

extracted_text:
Ireland
Republic Of Ireland
Official languages: Irish and English
Form of government: parliamentary Republic
Area - 70.2 thousand km.  (117 in the world)
Population: 5 millions people (123-e)

Republic of Ireland - a country in Northern Europe occupying most of the island of Ireland. On the North it borders with the UK.
State symbols

Flag
Coat of arms
Currency: Irish pound.1999 - Euro

The capital of Ireland is Dublin
       Catholic Church
In Dublin, a lot of Catholic churches.
                                         Millenium Spire

Millenium Spire - symbol of Dublin.
Was installed in 2003.
Height 120 meters.

            Symbols of Ireland

clover
harp
 liprikon
Largest cities of Ireland
Dublin
Cork
Limerick
Galway
In  Ireland survived many castles
Dublin Castle
Castle Cashel
Kilkenny Castle
Bunratty Castle

Ashford Castle
 Redwood Castle

Famous people оf Ireland: writers
Jonathan Swift
James Joyce
William Yeats
Bernard Shaw
Samuel Beckett
Famous people: actors
Pierce Brosnan
Martin Sheen
Saoirse Ronan
Scott Andrew
Colin Farrell
Paula Malcomson
Aidan Gillen
Evanna Lynch;
Katie McGrath
Ruth Negga


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Царевна лягушка

extracted_text:
Царевна-лягушка
Составил Хмеленок Николай Павлович


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Food & Drug Administration

extracted_text:
Food & Drug Administration (FDA)
1862, started with a single chemist in the USDA
1927, Bureau of Chemistry changed to the Food, Drug, & Insecticide Administration
1930, name was shortened to the present version
2001, staff ~9,100 employees & a budget of $1.3 billion
Adulteration and misbranding of foods & drugs have always been a problem in the U.S.
The problem increased by the late 19th C.
Drugs such as Quinine were cut with fillers to increase profit
Sufferers of serious illnesses were sold worthless drugs or therapies
Preservatives added to foods & drugs were useless or worse toxic
http://www.fda.gov/cder/about/history/Graphics/OilKingLrg.jpg
http://www.fda.gov/cder/about/history/Gallery/gallery21.htm
Harvey Washington Wiley, chief chemist concerned about chemical preservatives, initiated "poison squad" experiments
Healthy volunteers consumed varying amounts of questionable food additives to determine their impact on health
Officially designated the “Hygienic Table.”
Chemicals fed to the young men included borax, salicylic, sulfurous, and benzoic acids, & formaldehyde
Wiley became convinced that chemical preservatives should be used in food only when necessary
That the burden of proving safety should fall on the producer
That none should be used without informing the consumer on the label
Wiley unified a variety of groups behind a federal law to prohibit the adulteration and misbranding of food and drugs
Food and Drugs Act of 1906
First nationwide consumer protection law made it illegal to distribute misbranded or adulterated foods, drinks and drugs across state lines
Offending products could be seized & condemned; persons could be fined & jailed
Drugs had either to abide by standards of purity and quality set forth in the UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIA & the NATIONAL FORMULARY
Presence & quantity of alcohol or certain narcotic drugs had to be stated on proprietary labels
There were however, shortcomings in the 1906 law
Law prevented blatant fraud, but it did not prevent deception
Numerous examples of foods deceptively packaged or labeled began to show up
The law also did not insist that products be tested for safety
http://www.fda.gov/oc/history/slideshow/Slide_182_139.html
Flavoring Extract Bottle
thick glass obscures how much expensive flavoring extract is really in the bottle
Lash-Lure, an eyelash dye that blinded many women
http://www.fda.gov/oc/history/
A disaster in 1937 prompted Congress to act
A Tennessee drug company marketed a form of the new sulfa wonder drug that would appeal to pediatric patients, Elixir Sulfanilamide
The solvent in this untested product was diethylene glycol
Over 100 people died, many of whom were children
http://www.fda.gov/cder/about/history/Page18.htm
Elixir Sulfanilamide
1938 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
For the first time, required companies to prove the safety of new drugs before putting them on the market
Over the years new responsibilities were added including the requirement that drugs and medical devices be proven effective as well as safe before they can be sold
Currently the FDA is charged with:
Safeguarding the nations food supply, by ensuring that all ingredients used in foods are safe, & that food is free of contaminants
Approves all new food additives before they can be used
Monitors the safety of dietary supplements & the content of infant formulas & medical foods
Protects the public from unnecessary exposure to radiation from electronic products. (microwave ovens, cell phones, x-ray equipment, lasers, medical ultrasound & MRI machines)
Monitors cosmetic products to be sure that they are safe & properly labeled
Medical products need to be proven safe and effective before they can be used by patients
The product categories covered by this requirement include:
Medicines used for the treatment and prevention of disease
Biologics, vaccines, blood products, biotechnology products and gene therapy
Medical Devices, FDA regulates all medical devices, from very simple items like tongue depressors or thermometers to very complex technologies such as heart pacemakers and dialysis machines.
Drug Review & Approval
The majority of prospective new drugs fail testing, many never make it passed the pre-clinical stage
The pre-clinical stage involves testing in either animals or cells and looks at the potential drugs efficacy in a model of the the disease
This stage also involves looking for possible toxicity or side-effects that may be significant if the compound moves ahead to human studies
If a compound shows promise during the pre-clinical phase the drug maker may decide to move forward with human testing
Human testing of a drug is known as a clinical trial
For a drug to be tested in humans the Sponsor must submit an application to The Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), part of the FDA
This application is known as an
Investigational New Drug Application (IND)
Investigational New Drug Application (IND)
The IND is reviewed by both the FDA and a local IRB
An Institutional Review Board (IRB) is a panel of physicians, scientists, & lay persons who oversee research done using humans
Each hospital or research institution must have an IRB if it allows human research
The IRB approves the clinical trial protocols, these describe who may participate in the trial, the schedule of tests and procedures, the medications and doses, the study’s length, and finally its objectives
After approval by the IRB and the FDA, clinical trials can begin
There are up to four different phases of trials, each with a specific objective.
If any problems arise during any of these phases the FDA is notified and the IND application is canceled
Phase I Studies
Conducted in healthy volunteers, between 20 to 80
Goal is to determine safety and look for possible side effects
The studies are usually open-label meaning the volunteers & the physicians know who is getting the drug
The Pharmacokinetics of the drug is often investigated
If no unacceptable toxicity is revealed,  phase II studies can be initiated
Phase II Studies
Shift in emphasis from safety to effectiveness
Collection of preliminary data on whether the drug works in people who have a certain disease or condition
Usually two groups of patients are compared, one group receiving the drug is compared to a second group who receives either a placebo or a different drug
Studies are often done in the double blind method, this means the neither the patient, physician, nor the drug company know which patients are getting the drug & which are getting the placebo
The number of subjects rages from a few dozen to 300
Phase III Studies
If effectiveness is shown during phase II the study is expanded to a phase III
The goal during this phase is the continued collection of safety and effectiveness data
These data are collected on a larger population that is more varied than that studied during phase II
Phase III also often studies the drug at different doses and in combination with other drugs
The number of subjects ranges from a few hundred to a few thousand
Phase IV Studies
Occur after a drug is approved
Explore other aspects of the drug such as usage in new populations, such as children
Long term effects are also explored
Often after approval, some drugs are found to have  unintended usages
These are referred to as off-label uses
 It is legal for a physician to prescribe a drug for off-label use, but the drug company cannot advertise these uses until further studies are performed
New Drug Application (NDA)
Once clinical trials are finished the sponsor places a formal request with the FDA to consider approving the drug
This request is known as a New Drug Application (NDA)
Once a NDA is filed the FDA has 60 days to review the application for filing
If the FDA decides to file the application a review team  of physicians, chemists, statisticians, microbiologist, and pharmacologists is assembled
Only 1 in 5 drugs that enter clinical trials is ultimately approved by the FDA
Review Process
The review team analyzes all aspects of the study results looking for possible problems, such a weaknesses in the study design or analyses
Reviewers determine if they agree with the sponsor’s results and conclusions or if additional information is needed
Each reviewer then prepares a written evaluation with their recommendation about the application
If the FDA decides that the benefits of the drug outweigh any risks the drug can then be marketed in the US
If there are problems with the NDA, the FDA may decide that the drug is approvable or not approvable
 Approvable means that the drug may eventually be approved, but that some issues need to be resolved first
Not approvable means there are significant problems that cannot be overcome without substantial additional data
These could be safety problems or failure to demonstrate the drug’s effectiveness
Accelerated Approval
Given to drugs for serious and life-threatening illnesses that lack satisfactory treatments
Uses surrogate endpoints instead of traditional measures
These can be laboratory findings that are not directly related to patient survival or function
Most HIV drugs have been approved through this process with the provision that the companies continue to perform studies to confirm the drug’s ultimate benefit
If future studies do not confirm initial results the FDA may withdraw approval
http://www.fda.gov/cder/handbook/develop.htm
Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA)
Provides for the review and ultimate approval of a generic drug
A generic drug is one that is comparable to an innovator drug  in dosage form, strength, route of administration, quality, performance characteristics and intended use
Termed abbreviated because they are generally not required to include preclinical and clinical data to establish safety and effectiveness
Applicants must scientifically demonstrate that their product is bioequivalent
Bioequivalence
In order to demonstrate bioequivalence scientists measure the time it takes the generic drug to reach the bloodstream in 24 to 36 healthy, volunteers
 This gives them the rate of absorption, or bioavailability, of the generic drug, which they can then compare to that of the innovator drug
The generic version must deliver the same amount of active ingredients into a patient's bloodstream in the same amount of time as the innovator drug
Orphan Drugs
In 1982 Congress passed the Orphan Drug Act
The goal was to promote the development of products that demonstrate promise for the diagnosis and/or treatment of rare diseases or conditions
More than 200 drugs & biological products for rare diseases have been brought to market since 1983
Prior to 1983  fewer than ten such products came to market
Adverse Events Reporting System (AERS)
The FDA requires manufacturers to report adverse drug reactions
Health care professionals & consumers can also send reports voluntarily through the MedWatch program
If there are significant adverse effects the FDA may take regulatory actions to improve product safety and protect the public health
Such as updating a product’s labeling information, sending out a "Dear Health Care Professional" letter, or re-evaluating an approval decision
If a drug has severe side effects, but is kept on the market a black box warning is placed on the label
Recent black box warnings have been issued for:
Advair/Serevent: small, but significant increase in asthma deaths particularily in African-Americans
Depo-Provera: significant decrease in bone density
Serzone: life-threatening liver failure
All antidepressants for increased adolescent suicide
Acetaminophen: life-threatening liver failure increased when taken with alcohol
Recent Drug Controversies
Vioxx, voluntarily withdrawn due to increases in heart attacks & strokes
Prempro, Premarin; hormone replacement therapy, a long term study showed increases in breast cancer & coronary heart disease
Baycol (cerivastatin), removed from the market because of ~31 reports of fatal rhabdomyolysis, destruction of muscle tissue that can lead to kidney failure
Crestor (Rosuvastatin) approved in August, 2003 has the same problem
If you have questions about medications your or your family are taking:
http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/index.html


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект VICTORIAN_HOUSES (Викторианские дома)

extracted_text:
VICTORIAN HOUSES
	Many social and technological changes had profound effects on the architectural  development of the period.

Changes
With the beginning of the railways and new manufacturing processes, previously locally produced building materials became available all over the country.
 Imposing houses were built in town and country for the aristocracy,

 tarraced houses began to be provided for the poor

 growth of housing for middle class
1.	Untill the 1850s, the classical style of the Georgian and Regency periods continued to be fashionable
‘Battle of styles’
2. 	Inspiration came frm Italy and Italianet houses (Roman)
3.	Ghotic Revival (mostly 1855-1875)
4.	Aesthetic style
5.	Arts and Crafts Movement (1867 – 1900s)
6.	Queen Anne Revival style (1860-1900)
7.	Eclectic style (1860-1890)
8.	Art Nouveau (late  1880s- early 1900s)
Tarraced housing
More and more people moved into the new industrial towns to work in the mills and factories and rows of terraced back-to-back houses were built to house them. The houses were joined together to save space.
Terraced houses were very small with two rooms upstairs and two downstairs. There were often no gardens, only small back yards where the outside toilet was.
Railings and gates
Brick work
Houses were often decorative with fancy brickwork.
Flemish brick bond:
header, stretcher, header, stretcher
Roofs
Roofs
Porches  and gables
Windows
The Victorians invented a way to make big panes of glass, called ‘sheet glass’. This type of glass arrived in 1832 - five years before Victoria ascended the throne. True Victorian windows had six and later four paned vertical sliding sash windows
Windows
Bay Windows (windows that projects, normally with flat front and slant sides) were very fashionable in Victorian times. Typical Victorian bay windows are three sided. The ground floor bay window often had its own slate roof, or it might continue into a first-floor bay, again topped with an individual roof.
Doors
Door furniture
Interior
Poor people in Victorian times lived in horrible cramped conditions in run-down houses, often with the whole family in one room.

These houses had no running water or toilets. Each house would share an outside water pump. The water from the pump was frequently polluted.

Some streets would have one or two outside toilets for the whole street to share.

Poorer families, if they owned a bath at all, put it in front of the kitchen rang. This was the warmest place in the house and very close to hot water. The whole family would wash themselves one after the other

Interior
Decorations
Main hall
Drawing room
Drawing room
     cluttered with furniture
     white, elegant, marble fireplace
     curtains  covering doors, furniture,
     scarlet, white, pink, green colours
     different kinds of chairs and sofas
     every surface covered with porcelain, pictures, lamps, mirrors etc.

Dining room
Dark, masculine style

Pictures of family in heavy frames

Curtains maroon-colour with gold

Deep crimson flock paper on the walls

A few pieces of mahogany furniture:
	- sideboard
	- table
	- chairs
Kitchen
Situated remte from the principal apartments of the house
Domain of the servants
Large and utilitarian
Was not filled with ornate details
Furniture:
Wooden dresser
Range
Table
Couple of simple chairs
Scullery, butler’s pantry, ice-house

Bathroom
Bathrooms became the features of Victorian houses after 1870s.

WATER CLOSET
Bedroom
Main pieces of furniture:
Bed
Wordrobe
Dressing table
Chest of drawers

Nursery
Thank You for the Attention
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
 A       T      T      I      C
  P     O      R     C      H
 S      C     U      L      L       E      R     Y
 F       I       R     E      P     L       A      C     E
 B     A      Y              W     I       N     D      O     W
  S      I       D     E      B     O      A      R     D


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Literature for Children

extracted_text:
Books written especially for children are called children’s literature. Children's literature includes stories, fairy tales, fables, poems, and novels. It also includes nonfiction (factual) works on history, science, and other subjects.
Children's literature can come in the form of picture books or chapter books. Picture books usually have a smaller amount of text, or words, and pictures on every page. They are written for younger readers.
Chapter books have few or no pictures and much more text, which is divided into sections called chapters. Chapter books are written for older children
Many countries give good children's books special attention through awards and prizes. In the United States the two most important prizes for children's literature are the Newbery Medal and the Caldecott Medal.
The best-known international award is the Hans Christian Andersen Award. Another important international award is the Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award.
Until a few hundred years ago, few books were written for children at all. The first literature especially for children was published in Europe in the 1600s.

Most of this early writing was not meant to entertain children. Its purpose was to teach children lessons.

1700s
Many of the books read by children during the 1700s were books written for adults. These were adventurous stories with interesting characters. For example, Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719) tells the story of a man who is shipwrecked on a deserted island. Another such book was Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels (1726). It is about the adventures of a traveler in strange lands.

John Newbery in London, England, published the first edition of the well-known Mother Goose rhymes in the 1760s. A version of Newbery's book was first published in the United States in about 1785. Since then, generations of children have learned the traditional rhymes, such as Little Miss Muffett.

1800s
By the 1800s children's books were becoming an important kind of literature. Authors began making their stories more interesting and imaginative.
Many children's books from the 1800s were collections of fairy tales and folktales. These stories of magical creatures, animals that talk, and imaginary places have always fascinated children.
Some children's books from the 1800s are still very popular today. Many children still enjoy Lewis Carroll’s Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, which was published in England in 1865.

Two German brothers,Wilhelm and Jakob Grimm, published a collection of old German fairy tales in 1812. The collection is commonly called Grimm's Fairy Tales. It features stories about such characters as Snow White and Cinderella.

In the late 1800s Sazanami Iwaya of Japan wrote Japanese Fairy Tales, a collection of old stories. In 1896 K. Langloh Parker retold the folktales of the Aborigines (the native people of Australia) in Australian Legendary Tales. A collection of Latin American folktales appeared at about the same time in Brazil. It was called Contos da Carochinha.

1900s and Today
The 1900s saw an explosion in the number of children's books being published.

People in many countries continued to collect and publish folktales so that the stories could be shared with children in other parts of the world.

In Great Britain and the United States much children's literature of this time focused on interesting characters in fantastic worlds.

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900) by L. Frank Baum, Winnie-the-Pooh (1926) by A.A. Milne, and Charlotte's Web (1952) by E.B. White are good examples.
The playful poetry, funny characters, and fanciful drawings of the many books by Dr. Seuss also fit in this category. He published The Cat in the Hat in 1957.
Other children's literature of the 1900s showed realistic characters facing the difficulties of growing up. Lucy Maud Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables (1908), Katherine Paterson's Bridge to Terabithia (1977), and the novels of Judy Blume are examples.
J.K. Rowling's popular Harry Potter books of the late 1900s and early 2000s have a magical setting. However, they also realistically show the emotions of young people.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект Halloween

extracted_text:
Halloween
  Halloween, or the eve of Day all sacred,         is celebrated last day of october.
   As against numerous rituals this holidays is not reset overlooked. Opposite scope of his celebrating, for exacempl, in usa is comparable  with  very popular  christmas.
  Roots of this strange holiday withdraw us in depth of centuries, during a pre-Christian epoch when the grounds of ireland, Northern France England occupied tribes.Their year  consisted of two  parts- summer and winter.And transition of one season in another was  marked by the termination of harvesting, it was marked on October, 31st  and symbolized the beginning of new year. The rights were entered with winter.
History  of a holiday
Night for November, 1st when under legends the  border between the worlds alive opened and dead was called Samxain.
Pagans gave to it great value and, to not fall prey to a shadow dead dressed up in animal heads and  skins, extinguished the centres in the houses  and all frightening kind frightened off ghosts.

As one of oldest holidays of the world, Halloween today is celebrated in many countries  of the world. Not exception  and Russia, were with  each year ever more then people enables «dark»  forces to take hold of itself  for one  night.
About  this holiday set of the books  all over the world is written, some films and musicals  are token off. Each year millions toys, ridiculous  masks and «awful» of costumes are let out. Even competitions one best Jack-o-lanterns will be carried out.
Halloween holiday
 By the integral attribute Halloween was also tradition to cut out on tumips , polatoes and  later pumpkins the ridiculous persons to place inside their candles, receiving a celebratory lantern Jack-o-lanterns
Jack-o-lanterns
It is a lot of  centuries  back on ground lrish the smith on a name Jack lived.About cunning and avarice  it legends to this day go. One of them says , that he could deceive  of Devil  and, thus, to receive  the promise dirty, that  that  never  will attempt  upon soul of  the smith.
However, the sins Jack have not allowed it to go and in paradise. And it was released to wander by the ground  about day Courting , shining a way by  the slice coal protected  from a wind by an ordinary pumpkin.
The priests – druids trusted that at one time cats were the people , but after death of their soul were moved in bodies of the cats as punishment for their malicious businesses.For this reason they considered the cats as sacred animals and used them in worship idols of October 31 and November 1.Thus cats, and especially black symbolized evil. Also they were a symbol реинкарнации.


title: Скачать презентацию или конспект «TEREMOK»

extracted_text:
   DAS MARCHEN
«TEREMOK»
Авторская работа Прилуковой Жанны Григорьевны
Учителя немецкого языка МАОУ№СОШ №10»
Г.Перми 2012 г
           SZENE 1
       Maus :
 Ich bin grau, ich bin klein, niemand komm zu mir herein.
Ich bin alleine, ich weine und weine…

     Tuk-tuk-tuk.

     Maus :   Wer ist das ?

   Frosch :
guten Tag, liebe Maus! Ich bin Frosch.  Ich bin grun, ich bin dunn.
Ich bin alleine, ich weine und weine…

   Maus:
Weine nicht, lieber Frosch! Komm herein !

   Frosch :
 Es ist so warm in deinem Haus, du bist so gut , liebe Maus !

   Tuk-tuk-tuk

    Maus, Frosch :     Wer ist da ?

    Der Hahn :
   Ich heisse Hahn,ich habe kein Haus, ich habe kein Bett,
ich bin alleine, ich weine und weine …

   Maus, Frosch :
   Weine nicht. Komm herein, nimm Suppe und Brei.

   Der Hahn :
 Danke. Danke. Es ist so warm im Haus. Du bist so gut , liebe Maus!

Tuk- tuk – tuk

   Alle zusammen :  Wer ist da ?

     Der Bar :
 Ich heisse Bar, ich bin braun, gross und schwer.
Ich bin alleine, ich weine und weine…

Szene 2
   Die Maus:
 Weine nicht, komm herein, nimm Suppe, Brot und Brei.

    Der Bar:
Danke, danke. Suppe, Fisch – alles frisch !

   Die Maus :
Ich bin lustig ich bin  froh, meine Freunde auch so!

   Alle zusammen :
  Schőne Lieder singen wir , sùsse Kuchen machen wir,
Trinken Tee und Kompott, essen Suppe, Brei und Brot!!!
      Szene 3

Презентация для учащихся начальной школы.

Можно использовать при закреплении прилагательных и

 речевых образцов

Ich bin,   ich  heisse,   ich habe,  wer ist  das, das ist
 Danke,  bis bald !