title: Drug type - Neonatal Intensive Care Drug Manual
text: References
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  8. Metsvaht T, Ilmoja ML, Parm U, Merila M, Maipuu L, Muursepp P, Julge K, Sepp E, Lutsar I. Ampicillin versus penicillin in the empiric therapy of extremely low-birthweight neonates at risk of early onset sepsis. Pediatr Int. 2011;53:873-80.
  9. Clinical Excellence Commission, 2018, Newborn Antibiotic Guideline for early and late onset sepsis during birth episode of care. Revised June 2018. Sydney: Clinical Excellence Commission.
  10. NICE Clinical guideline 2012. Neonatal infection (early onset): antibiotics for prevention and treatment. nice.org.uk/guidance/cg149.
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  12. The British National Formulary for Children. 2018. https://about.medicinescomplete.com/.
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  14. African Neonatal Sepsis Trial g, Tshefu A, Lokangaka A, Ngaima S, Engmann C, Esamai F, Gisore P, Ayede AI, Falade AG, Adejuyigbe EA, Anyabolu CH, Wammanda RD, Ejembi CL, Ogala WN, Gram L, Cousens S. Simplified antibiotic regimens compared with injectable procaine benzylpenicillin plus gentamicin for treatment of neonates and young infants with clinical signs of possible serious bacterial infection when referral is not possible: a randomised, open-label, equivalence trial. Lancet. 2015;385:1767-76.
  15. Baqui AH, Saha SK, Ahmed AS, Shahidullah M, Quasem I, Roth DE, Samsuzzaman AK, Ahmed W, Tabib SM, Mitra DK, Begum N, Islam M, Mahmud A, Rahman MH, Moin MI, Mullany LC, Cousens S, El Arifeen S, Wall S, Brandes N, Santosham M, Black RE, Projahnmo Study Group in B. Safety and efficacy of alternative antibiotic regimens compared with 7 day injectable procaine benzylpenicillin and gentamicin for outpatient treatment of neonates and young infants with clinical signs of severe infection when referral is not possible: a randomised, open-label, equivalence trial. Lancet Glob Health. 2015;3:e279-87.
  16. Mir F, Nisar I, Tikmani SS, Baloch B, Shakoor S, Jehan F, Ahmed I, Cousens S, Zaidi AK. Simplified antibiotic regimens for treatment of clinical severe infection in the outpatient setting when referral is not possible for young infants in Pakistan (Simplified Antibiotic Therapy Trial [SATT]): a randomised, open-label, equivalence trial. Lancet Glob Health. 2017;5:e177-e85.
  17. Zaidi AK, Tikmani SS, Sultana S, Baloch B, Kazi M, Rehman H, Karimi K, Jehan F, Ahmed I, Cousens S. Simplified antibiotic regimens for the management of clinically diagnosed severe infections in newborns and young infants in first-level facilities in Karachi, Pakistan: study design for an outpatient randomized controlled equivalence trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2013;32 Suppl 1:S19-25.
  18. Tikmani SS, Muhammad AA, Shafiq Y, Shah S, Kumar N, Ahmed I, Azam I, Pasha O, Zaidi AK. Ambulatory Treatment of Fast Breathing in Young Infants Aged <60 Days: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Equivalence Trial in Low-Income Settlements of Karachi. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64:184-9.
  19. African Neonatal Sepsis Trial g, Tshefu A, Lokangaka A, Ngaima S, Engmann C, Esamai F, Gisore P, Ayede AI, Falade AG, Adejuyigbe EA, Anyabolu CH, Wammanda RD, Ejembi CL, Ogala WN, Gram L, Cousens S. Oral amoxicillin compared with injectable procaine benzylpenicillin plus gentamicin for treatment of neonates and young infants with fast breathing when referral is not possible: a randomised, open-label, equivalence trial. Lancet. 2015;385:1758-66.
  20. Azimi PH, Janner D, Berne P, Fulroth R, Lvoff V, Franklin L, Berman SM. Concentrations of procaine and aqueous penicillin in the cerebrospinal fluid of infants treated for congenital syphilis. J Pediatr. 1994;124:649-53.
  21. Clinical Excellence Commission, 2018, Paediatric Antibiotic Guidelines for Severe Sepsis & Septic Shock & Unwell Neonates. Revised July 2018. Sydney: Clinical Excellence Commission.
  22. Paryani SG, Vaughn AJ, Crosby M, Lawrence S. Treatment of asymptomatic congenital syphilis: benzathine versus procaine penicillin G therapy. J Pediatr. 1994;125:471-5.
  23. Radcliffe M, Meyer M, Roditi D, Malan A. Single-dose benzathine penicillin in infants at risk of congenital syphilis--results of a randomised study. Samj, S. 1997;87:62-5.
  24. Metsvaht T, Oselin K, Ilmoja ML, Anier K, Lutsar I. Pharmacokinetics of penicillin g in very-low-birth-weight neonates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51:1995-2000.
  25. Muller AE, DeJongh J, Bult Y, Goessens WH, Mouton JW, Danhof M, van den Anker JN. Pharmacokinetics of penicillin G in infants with a gestational age of less than 32 weeks. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51:3720-5.
  26. Pacifici GM. Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Penicillins, Cephalosporins and Aminoglycosides in the Neonate: A Review. Pharmaceuticals. 2010;3:2568-91.
  27. Australian Medicines Handbook, January 2014 accessed on www.amh.net.au on 9th July 2014.
  28. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook, Fifth Ed accessed on www.aidh.hcn.com.au on 9th July 2014.
  29. Trissel LA ed. Handbook on Injectable Drugs. 15th Ed. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2009.
  30. Micromedex online. Accessed on 29 July 2015.
  31. Centers for disease control and prevention. 2015 sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines. Congenital syphilis. https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/congenital.htm.
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