Some, like French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese, had more in common with one another than they did with, say, German, English, Swedish, Danish, and Dutch, which, in turn, bore only a remote resemblance to Russian and Polish, on the one hand, and the two extant varieties of, say, Gaelic, on the other.
( Some ( , ( ( like ( French ( , ( Spanish ( , ( Italian ( , ( and Portuguese ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( , ( ( ( ( had ( ( ( ( ( more ( in ( common ( with one ) ) ) ) ( ( ( another ( than ( they ( did ( ( with ( , ( say , ) ) ) ( German ( , ( English ( , ( Swedish ( , ( Danish , ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) and ) ( ( Dutch , ) ( which ( , ( ( in turn ) ( , ( ( ( ( bore ( only ( a ( remote resemblance ) ) ) ) ( to ( ( Russian and ) Polish ) ) ) , ) ( on ( the ( one hand ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) , ) and ) ( ( the ( two ( extant varieties ) ) ) ( ( of ( , ( say , ) ) ) Gaelic ) ) ) ) , ) ( on ( the other ) ) ) . ) ) ) ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (DT Some)) (, ,) (PP (IN like) (NP (NNP French) (, ,) (NNS Spanish) (, ,) (NNP Italian) (, ,) (CC and) (NNP Portuguese))) (, ,) (VP (VBD had) (NP (NP (ADVP (RBR more) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (JJ common)) (PP (IN with) (NP (CD one)))))) (NP (NP (DT another)) (SBAR (IN than) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD did) (PP (IN with) (PRN (, ,) (INTJ (VB say)) (, ,)) (NP (NNP German) (, ,) (NNP English) (, ,) (NNP Swedish) (, ,) (NNP Danish) (, ,))))))) (CC and) (NP (NP (NNP Dutch)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (, ,) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN turn))) (, ,) (VP (VBD bore) (NP (RB only) (DT a) (JJ remote) (NN resemblance)) (PP (TO to) (NP (NNP Russian) (CC and) (NNP Polish))) (, ,) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT the) (CD one) (NN hand)))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT the) (CD two) (JJ extant) (NNS varieties)) (PP (IN of) (PRN (, ,) (INTJ (VB say)) (, ,)) (NP (JJ Gaelic))))) (, ,) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT the) (JJ other)))) (. .)))
The evolution of each language family was determined by the spread of various European cultures.
( ( ( The evolution ) ( of ( each ( language family ) ) ) ) ( ( was ( determined ( by ( ( the spread ) ( of ( various ( European cultures ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN evolution)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT each) (NN language) (NN family)))) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN determined) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN spread)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ various) (JJ European) (NNS cultures))))))) (. .)))