Children can become competent readers and writers without being trained, pushed, or goaded into literacy learning in early childhood.
( Children ( ( can ( ( become ( competent ( ( readers and ) writers ) ) ) ( without ( being ( ( ( ( ( trained , ) pushed ) , ) or ) ( goaded ( into ( literacy ( learning ( in ( early childhood ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Children)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB become) (NP (JJ competent) (NNS readers) (CC and) (NNS writers)) (PP (IN without) (S (VP (VBG being) (VP (VP (VBN trained)) (, ,) (VP (VBN pushed)) (, ,) (CC or) (VP (VBN goaded) (PP (IN into) (NP (NP (NN literacy)) (VP (VBG learning) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ early) (NN childhood))))))))))))) (. .)))
If children are exposed to reading and writing when young, they can learn to be competent in these areas without being pushed. 
( ( If ( children ( are ( exposed ( to ( ( reading and ) ( writing ( when young ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( , ( they ( ( can ( learn ( to ( ( be ( competent ( in ( these areas ) ) ) ) ( without ( being pushed ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )
(ROOT (S (SBAR (IN If) (S (NP (NNS children)) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (VBN exposed) (PP (TO to) (S (VP (VP (VBG reading)) (CC and) (VP (VBG writing) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (ADJP (JJ young)))))))))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP they)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB learn) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ competent) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT these) (NNS areas)))) (PP (IN without) (S (VP (VBG being) (VP (VBN pushed)))))))))) (. .)))