For a half millennium or more, Madrid idled as a provincial backwater, rarely noticed on the arid central plains of Castile, until Felipe II plucked it from his royal cap in 1561 and proclaimed it the capital of Spain.
( ( For ( a ( half ( ( millennium or ) more ) ) ) ) ( , ( Madrid ( ( ( ( ( ( idled ( as ( a ( provincial backwater ) ) ) ) , ) ( rarely ( ( ( noticed ( on ( ( the ( arid ( central plains ) ) ) ( of Castile ) ) ) ) , ) ( until ( ( Felipe II ) ( ( ( plucked it ) ( from ( his ( royal cap ) ) ) ) ( in 1561 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) and ) ( proclaimed ( it ( ( the capital ) ( of Spain ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )
(ROOT (S (PP (IN For) (NP (DT a) (QP (DT half) (CD millennium) (CC or) (JJR more)))) (, ,) (NP (NNP Madrid)) (VP (VP (VBD idled) (PP (IN as) (NP (DT a) (JJ provincial) (NN backwater)))) (, ,) (VP (ADVP (RB rarely)) (VBD noticed) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ arid) (JJ central) (NNS plains)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Castile))))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN until) (S (NP (NNP Felipe) (NNP II)) (VP (VBN plucked) (NP (PRP it)) (PP (IN from) (NP (PRP$ his) (JJ royal) (NN cap))) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD 1561))))))) (CC and) (VP (VBD proclaimed) (S (NP (PRP it)) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN capital)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Spain))))))) (. .)))
Madrid became the capital of Spain as the decision of Felipe II.
( Madrid ( ( ( became ( ( the capital ) ( of Spain ) ) ) ( as ( ( the decision ) ( of ( Felipe II ) ) ) ) ) . ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Madrid)) (VP (VBD became) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN capital)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Spain)))) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN decision)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Felipe) (NNP II)))))) (. .)))