Julius Caesar's nephew Octavian took the name Augustus; Rome ceased to be a republic, and became an empire.
( ( ( ( ( ( Julius ( Caesar 's ) ) ( nephew Octavian ) ) ( took ( the ( name Augustus ) ) ) ) ; ) ( Rome ( ( ( ( ceased ( to ( be ( a republic ) ) ) ) , ) and ) ( became ( an empire ) ) ) ) ) . )
(ROOT (S (S (NP (NP (NNP Julius) (NNP Caesar) (POS 's)) (NNP nephew) (NNP Octavian)) (VP (VBD took) (NP (DT the) (NN name) (NNS Augustus)))) (: ;) (S (NP (NNP Rome)) (VP (VP (VBD ceased) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (NP (DT a) (NN republic)))))) (, ,) (CC and) (VP (VBD became) (NP (DT an) (NN empire))))) (. .)))
Octavian was Julius Caesar's favorite, and he helped him a lot.
( ( ( ( ( Octavian ( was ( ( Julius ( Caesar 's ) ) favorite ) ) ) , ) and ) ( he ( ( helped him ) ( a lot ) ) ) ) . )
(ROOT (S (S (NP (NNP Octavian)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (NP (NNP Julius) (NNP Caesar) (POS 's)) (NN favorite)))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD helped) (NP (PRP him)) (NP (DT a) (NN lot)))) (. .)))