STANDARD COSTING - A costing method that attaches costs to cost objects based on reasonable estimates or cost studies and by means of budgeted rates rather than according to actual costs incurred.
( ( ( ( STANDARD COSTING ) - ) ( ( A ( costing method ) ) ( that ( ( attaches ( costs ( ( ( to ( ( cost objects ) ( based ( ( ( on ( reasonable ( estimates ( or ( cost studies ) ) ) ) ) and ) ( by ( means ( of ( budgeted rates ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( rather than ) ) according ) ) ) ( to ( ( actual costs ) incurred ) ) ) ) ) ) . )
(ROOT (NP (NP (NNP STANDARD) (NNP COSTING)) (: -) (NP (NP (DT A) (JJ costing) (NN method)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ attaches) (NP (NP (NNS costs)) (PP (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (NN cost) (NNS objects)) (VP (VBN based) (PP (PP (IN on) (NP (JJ reasonable) (NNS estimates) (CC or) (NN cost) (NNS studies))) (CC and) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (NNS means)) (PP (IN of) (NP (VBN budgeted) (NNS rates))))))))) (CONJP (RB rather) (IN than)) (PP (VBG according)))) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (JJ actual) (NNS costs)) (VP (VBN incurred)))))))) (. .)))
Standard Costing is based on guesstimates of how many turtles were crushed on the highway in 1844.
( ( Standard Costing ) ( ( is ( based ( on ( guesstimates ( of ( ( how many ) ( turtles ( were ( crushed ( on ( ( the highway ) ( in 1844 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Standard) (NNP Costing)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN based) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (NNS guesstimates)) (PP (IN of) (SBAR (WHADJP (WRB how) (JJ many)) (S (NP (NNS turtles)) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN crushed) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN highway)) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD 1844)))))))))))))) (. .)))