Polysyndactyly is a hereditary anatomical malformation combining polydactyly and syndactyly. There is also a type called crossed polysyndactyly. Signs and symptoms
The way polysyndactyly presents itself varies; when the webbing is mild, it gives the appearance of the extra digit being partially connected to the (otherwise normal) digit next to it, when the webbing is extreme, the extra digit and the digit next to it will have the appearance of one rather enlarged digit (macrodactyly) and will have two or more finger/toe nails growing in the same digit (polyonychia). How the nails look will also vary, from separate supernumerary finger/toe nails to one very wide finger/toe nail. References
External links
Polysyndactyly and Marfans syndrome The case of an Egyptian Jewish family with 17 affected members. The mother also had Marfans syndrome, which she passed on to a daughter who did not have polysyndactyly.
Individuals with this condition are perceived as socially most aggressive compared with people without anodontia (Shaw 1981). The occurrence of anodontia is less so than hypodontia which has a prevalence of 0.1-0.7% in primary teeth and 3–7.5% in permanent teeth. Signs and symptoms
The main sign of anodontia is when a child has not developed any of their permanent teeth by the age of 12. Another sign of anodontia can include the absence of baby teeth when the baby has reached 12 to 13 months.Symptoms that are associated with anodontia include: alopecia, lack of sweat glands, cleft lip or palate, and missing fingernails. Typically, these symptoms are seen because anodontia is typically associated with ectodermal dysplasia. In the rare case that ectodermal dysplasia is not present, anodontia will be caused from an unknown genetic mutation. Cause
Anodontia typically occurs with the presence of ectodermal dysplasia, which is a group of disorders where two or more ectodermally derived structures will have abnormal development. In the rare case that ectodermal dysplasia is not associated or present, anodontia will be caused by an unknown genetic mutation. Although no specific gene has been identified, there have been many different genes found to be associated with anodontia including EDA, EDAR, and EDARADD genes. Other genes such as MSX1, PAX9, IRF6, GREM2, AXIN2, LRP6, SMOC2, LTBP3, PITX2, and WNT10B. The WNT10A gene is considered to be the major gene involved in hypodontia and oligodontia. These genes are involved in hypodontia and oligodontia.