Three social psychological theories include: the self-perception theory, the overjustification hypothesis, and the insufficient justification hypothesis:

Self-perception theory: people make attributions about their own attitudes, feelings, and behaviours by relying on their observations of external behaviours and the circumstances in which those behaviours occur
Overjustification hypothesis: when an external reward is given to a person for performing an intrinsically rewarding activity, the persons intrinsic interest will decrease
Insufficient justification: based on the classic cognitive dissonance theory (inconsistency between two cognitions or between a cognition and a behavior will create discomfort), this theory states that people will alter one of the cognitions or behaviours to restore consistency and reduce distressThe importance of how a woman perceives her behavior should not be underestimated. Many women perceive sex as a chore as opposed to a pleasurable experience, and they tend to consider themselves sexually inadequate, which in turn does not motivate them to engage in sexual activity. Several factors influence a womens perception of her sexual life. These can include race, gender, ethnicity, educational background, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, financial resources, culture, and religion. Cultural differences are also present in how women view menopause and its impact on health, self-image, and sexuality. A study found that African American women are the most optimistic about menopausal life; Caucasian women are the most anxious, Asian women are the most inhibited about their symptoms, and Hispanic women are the most stoic.About one-third of the women experienced sexual dysfunction, which may lead to these womens loss of confidence in their sexual lives.
Respiratory distress can be caused by an underdeveloped trachea which collapses on inhalation or by insufficient rib cage development. Genetics
CMD is commonly caused by chromosomal abnormalities in or around the gene SOX9 on the long arm of chromosome 17, specifically at position 17q24, generally spontaneously arising or de novo mutations. Also, numerous single nucleotide variants been identified involving the SOX9 gene that cause some form of CMD. The SOX9 gene codes for a protein transcription factor which, when expressed at the embryonic stage, plays an important role in determining sexual characteristics and greatly influences skeletal development. When the SRY gene of the Y chromosome is expressed in human embryos, a cascade of gene interactions controlled by SOX9 begins and ultimately leads to male gender.. Any mutation within the coding region of SOX9 can cause campomelic dysplasia and 75% of the reported mutations lead to sex reversal. Four major classes of heterozygous SOX9 mutations can cause CMD: amino acid substitutions in the HMG-box, truncations or frameshifts that alter the C-terminal end, mutations at the splice junction, and chromosomal translocations. Additionally, mutations upstream from SOX9 can also cause CMD. Several researchers have reported cis-acting control elements upstream of SOX9. Translocation breakpoints scattered over 1Mb proximal to SOX9 indicate the presence of an extended control region.The lack of correlation between specific genetic mutations and observed phenotype, particularly with regard to sex reversal, give clear evidence of the variable expressivity of the disease.