Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), or paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS / PIMS-TS), or systemic inflammatory syndrome in COVID-19 (SISCoV), is a rare systemic illness involving persistent fever and extreme inflammation following exposure to SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. MIS-C is also recognized as a potential pediatric adverse event following COVID-19 vaccination. It can rapidly lead to medical emergencies such as insufficient blood flow around the body (a condition known as shock). Failure of one or more organs can occur. A warning sign is unexplained persistent fever with severe symptoms following exposure to COVID-19. Prompt referral to paediatric specialists is essential, and families need to seek urgent medical assistance. Most affected children will need intensive care.All affected children have persistent fever. Other clinical features vary. The first symptoms often include acute abdominal pain with diarrhoea or vomiting. Muscle pain and general tiredness are frequent, and low blood pressure is also common. Symptoms can also include pink eye, rashes, enlarged lymph nodes, swollen hands and feet, and "strawberry tongue". Various mental disturbances are possible. A cytokine storm may take place, in which the childs innate immune system stages an excessive and uncontrolled inflammatory response. Heart failure is common. Clinical complications can include damage to the heart muscle, respiratory distress, acute kidney injury, and increased blood coagulation. Coronary artery abnormalities can develop (ranging from dilatation to aneurysms).This life-threatening disease has proved fatal in under 2% of reported cases. Early recognition and prompt specialist attention are essential.
However, other thyroid diseases such as multinodular goitre, Hashimoto thyroiditis, thyroid adenoma, and thyroid carcinoma also retains the radiotracer because of high metabolic nature of these diseases. Thus, the final diagnosis always requires pathological examination of the tissue in question. Treatment
Parathyroid carcinoma is sometimes diagnosed during surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. If the surgeon suspects carcinoma based on severity or invasion of surrounding tissues by a firm parathyroid tumor, aggressive excision is performed, including the thyroid and surrounding tissues as necessary.Agents such as calcimimetics (for example, cinacalcet) are used to mimic calcium and are able to activate the parathyroid calcium-sensing receptor (making the parathyroid gland "think" we have more calcium than we actually do), therefore lowering the calcium level, in an attempt to decrease the hypercalcemia. References
External links
Parathyroid cancer entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms
Parathyroid Carcinoma (Medscape eMedicine)
Cancer Management Handbook: Thyroid and Parathyroid Cancers
 This article incorporates public domain material from the U.S. National Cancer Institute document: "Dictionary of Cancer Terms".