Coping mechanisms
People deal with sadness in different ways, and it is an important emotion because it helps to motivate people to deal with their situation. Some coping mechanisms include: getting social support and/or spending time with a pet, creating a list, or engaging in some activity to express sadness. Some individuals, when feeling sad, may exclude themselves from a social setting, so as to take the time to recover from the feeling.While being one of the moods people most want to shake, sadness can sometimes be perpetuated by the very coping strategies chosen, such as ruminating, "drowning ones sorrows", or permanently isolating oneself. : 69–70  As alternative ways of coping with sadness to the above, cognitive behavioral therapy suggests instead either challenging ones negative thoughts, or scheduling some positive event as a distraction. : 72 Being attentive to, and patient with, ones sadness may also be a way for people to learn through solitude; while emotional support to help people stay with their sadness can be further helpful. : 164  Such an approach is fueled by the underlying belief that loss (when felt wholeheartedly) can lead to a new sense of aliveness, and to a re-engagement with the outside world. Pupil empathy
Pupil size may be an indicator of sadness. A sad facial expression with small pupils is judged to be more intensely sad as the pupil size decreases. A persons own pupil size also mirrors this and becomes smaller when viewing sad faces with small pupils. No parallel effect exists when people look at neutral, happy or angry expressions.
It equally affects men, women, and all races. PKD occurs in some animals as well as humans. See also
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

References
Further reading


== External links ==