Ruptured AVMs are a significant source of morbidity and mortality; post rupture, as many as 29% of patients will die, and only 55% will be able to live independently. Epidemiology
The annual new detection rate incidence of AVMs is approximately 1 per 100,000 a year. The point prevalence in adults is approximately 18 per 100,000. AVMs are more common in males than females, although in females pregnancy may start or worsen symptoms due to the increase in blood flow and volume it usually brings. There is a significant preponderance (15-20%) of AVM in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler–Weber–Rendu syndrome). Research directions
No randomized, controlled clinical trial has established a survival benefit for treating patients (either with open surgery or radiosurgery) with AVMs that have not yet bled. References


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Erythrocyanosis crurum is a skin condition, a variant  of acrocyanosis caused by chronic exposure to cold. See also
Chilblains
List of cutaneous conditions

References
Otto Braun-Falco; G. Plewig; H. H. Wolff; Walter H. C. Burgdorf (2000). Dermatology. Springer Verlag. p. 889. ISBN 3-540-59452-3. James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.;  et al. (2006). Andrews Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0. == External links ==