At US$5 per dose, the estimated cost per life saved was $3,015, $9,951 and $11,296 in low-, lower-middle-, and upper-middle-income countries, respectively.Safety and efficacy trials in Africa and Asia found that the vaccines dramatically reduced severe disease among infants in developing countries, where a majority of rotavirus-related deaths occur. A 2019 Cochrane review concluded that RV1, RV5, and Rotavac vaccines are safe and are effective at preventing diarrhea.Rotavirus vaccines are licensed in more than 100 countries, and more than 80 countries have introduced routine rotavirus vaccination. The incidence and severity of rotavirus infections has declined significantly in countries that have acted on the recommendation to introduce the rotavirus vaccine. In Mexico, which in 2006 was among the first countries in the world to introduce rotavirus vaccine, the diarrheal disease death rates from rotavirus dropped by more than 65% among children age two and under during the 2009 rotavirus season. In Nicaragua, which in 2006 became the first developing country to introduce the rotavirus vaccine, investigators recorded a substantial impact, with rotavirus vaccine preventing 60% of cases against severe rotavirus and cutting emergency room visits in half. In the United States, vaccination has reduced rotavirus-related hospitalizations by as much as 86% since 2006. In April 2016, the World Health Organization released statistics for the period of 2000–2013, which showed developing countries that have introduced rotavirus vaccines experienced significant decreases in deaths and hospitalizations from rotavirus diarrhea after introduction.Additionally, the vaccines may also prevent illness in non-vaccinated children by limiting exposure through the number of circulating infections.
In July of that year AstraZeneca licensed tralokinumab to Leo Pharma for skin diseases.A phase IIb study of tralokinumab found that treatment was associated with early and sustained improvements in atopic dermatitis symptoms and tralokinumab had an acceptable safety and tolerability profile, thereby providing evidence for targeting IL-13 in patients with atopic dermatitis.On 15 June 2017, Leo Pharma announced that they were starting phase III clinical trials with tralokinumab in atopic dermatitis. Society and culture
Legal status
On 22 April 2021, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Adtralza, intended for the treatment of moderate‑to‑severe atopic dermatitis. The applicant for this medicinal product is LEO Pharma A/S. Tralokinumab was approved for medical use in the European Union in June 2021. Names
Tralokinumab is the international nonproprietary name (INN) and the United States Adopted Name (USAN). References
External links
"Tralokinumab". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.