He suggests that an individual diagnosed with BPD may exhibit none, one, or multiple of the following:

Misdiagnosis
People with BPD may be misdiagnosed for a variety of reasons. One reason for misdiagnosis is BPD has symptoms that coexist (comorbidity) with other disorders such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and bipolar disorder.According to regression and factor analyses, the criteria for BPD do not even form a separate entity, and BPD is not distinguishable from  negative affectivity. BPD diagnosis does not seem to add anything to other diagnoses. Rather, it seems unnecessary and even misleading. This is according to a study in Personality Disorders, 2022. Family members
People with BPD are prone to feeling angry at members of their family and alienated from them. On their part, family members often feel angry and helpless at how their BPD family members relate to them. Parents of adults with BPD are often both over-involved and under-involved in family interactions. In romantic relationships, BPD is linked to increased levels of chronic stress and conflict, decreased satisfaction of romantic partners, domestic abuse, and unwanted pregnancy. However, these links may apply to personality disorders in general. Adolescence
Onset of symptoms typically occurs during adolescence or young adulthood, although symptoms suggestive of this disorder can sometimes be observed in children. Symptoms among adolescents that predict the development of BPD in adulthood may include problems with body-image, extreme sensitivity to rejection, behavioral problems, non-suicidal self-injury, attempts to find exclusive relationships, and severe shame.
DBT may reduce the risk of suicide in the disorder. Therapy for BPD can occur one-on-one or in a group. While medications cannot cure BPD, they may be used to help with the associated symptoms. Quetiapine and SSRI antidepressants remain widely prescribed for the condition, though there is no evidence regarding the efficacy of the latter class of drugs. Severe cases of the disorder may require hospital care.About 1.6% of people have BPD in a given year, with some estimates as high as 6%. Women are diagnosed about three times as often as men. The disorder appears to become less common among older people. Up to half of those with BPD improve over a ten-year period. Those affected typically use a high amount of healthcare resources. There is an ongoing debate about the naming of the disorder, especially the suitability of the word borderline. Signs and symptoms
BPD is characterized by nine signs and symptoms. To be diagnosed, a person must meet at least five of the following:
Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
Unstable and chaotic interpersonal relationships, often characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation, also known as "splitting"
Markedly disturbed sense of identity and distorted self-image. Impulsive or reckless behaviors (e.g., impulsive or uncontrollable spending, unsafe sex, substance use disorders, reckless driving, binge eating). Recurrent suicidal ideation or self harm. Rapidly shifting intense emotional dysregulation. Chronic feelings of emptiness. Inappropriate, intense anger that can be difficult to control.