Orbital decompression involves removing some bone from the eye socket to open up one or more sinuses and so make space for the swollen tissue and allowing the eye to move back into normal position and also relieving compression of the optic nerve that can threaten sight.Eyelid surgery is the most common surgery performed on Graves ophthalmopathy patients. Lid-lengthening surgeries can be done on upper and lower eyelid to correct the patients appearance and the ocular surface exposure symptoms. Marginal myotomy of levator palpebrae muscle can reduce the palpebral fissure height by 2–3 mm. When there is a more severe upper lid retraction or exposure keratitis, marginal myotomy of levator palpebrae associated with lateral tarsal canthoplasty is recommended. This procedure can lower the upper eyelid by as much as 8 mm. Other approaches include müllerectomy (resection of the Müller muscle), eyelid spacer grafts, and recession of the lower eyelid retractors. Blepharoplasty can also be done to debulk the excess fat in the lower eyelid.A summary of treatment recommendations was published in 2015 by an Italian taskforce, which largely supports the other studies. Prognosis
Risk factors of progressive and severe thyroid-associated orbitopathy are:
Age greater than 50 years
Rapid onset of symptoms under 3 months
Cigarette smoking
Diabetes
Severe or uncontrolled hyperthyroidism
Presence of pretibial myxedema
High cholesterol levels (hyperlipidemia)
Peripheral vascular disease

Epidemiology
The pathology mostly affects persons of 30 to 50 years of age. Females are four times more likely to develop TAO than males. When males are affected, they tend to have a later onset and a poor prognosis.
Therapy in helping the patient understand the cause of the symptom and tinnitus retraining may provide some relief. In at least some cases, amplification makes no difference and there is no treatment other than waiting for natural resolution. Some individuals may find the provided amplification also increases the audibility of their pitch discrepancy. If onset is linked to an underlying medical cause, i.e. sudden sensorineural hearing loss, appropriate medical treatment is recommended. Etymology
Diplacusis is from the Greek words "diplous" (double) and "akousis" (hearing). See also
Hearing
Hearing loss
Pitch (psychophysics)
Auditory system

External sources
Diplacusis: I. Historical Review
Turner, Christopher. "Perception of Pitch." Wendell Johnson Speech and Hearing Center, Iowa City. Dec. 2008. Plack et al. (ed.). Pitch : Neural coding and perception. Springer. 2005. == References ==