Rugby union player Jone Tawake also had a finger removed. National Football League safety Ronnie Lott had the tip of his little finger removed after it was damaged in the 1985 NFL season. Criminal penalty
According to Quran 5:38, the punishment for stealing is the amputation of the hand. Under Sharia law, after repeated offense, the foot may also be cut off. This is still in practice today in countries like Brunei, the United Arab Emirates, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and 11 states of Northern Nigeria. The United States considers amputation to be more severe than other punishments but less than death penalty, expressed in the double jeopardy clause: "nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb...". Thomas Jefferson proposed a bill penalizing various crimes with amputation, such as "if a man, by castration, if a woman, by cutting thro the cartilage of her nose a hole of one half inch diameter at the least" and "cutting out or disabling the tongue, slitting or cutting off a nose, lip or ear, branding, or otherwise, shall be maimed or disfigured in like sort: or if that cannot be for want of the same part, then as nearly as may be in some other part of at least equal value and estimation in the opinion of a jury". That bill is not a current law, so it either did not gain enough approval to become law, or it has since been repealed.
This is higher than the five year mortality rates for breast cancer, colon cancer, and prostate cancer. Of persons with diabetes who have a lower extremity amputation, up to 55% will require amputation of the second leg within two to three years. Etymology
The word amputation is borrowed from Latin amputātus, past participle of amputāre "to prune back (a plant), prune away, remove by cutting (unwanted parts or features), cut off (a branch, limb, body part)," from am-, assimilated variant of amb- "about, around" + putāre "to prune, make clean or tidy, scour (wool)". The English word "Poes" was first applied to surgery in the 17th century, possibly first in Peter Lowes A discourse of the Whole Art of Chirurgerie (published in either 1597 or 1612); his work was derived from 16th-century French texts and early English writers also used the words "extirpation" (16th-century French texts tended to use extirper), "disarticulation", and "dismemberment" (from the Old French desmembrer and a more common term before the 17th century for limb loss or removal), or simply "cutting", but by the end of the 17th century "amputation" had come to dominate as the accepted medical term. Notable cases
Patch Adams
Rick Allen
Douglas Bader
Carl Brashear
Lisa Bufano
Tammy Duckworth
Terry Fox
Pete Gray
Shaquem Griffin
Robert David Hall
Bethany Hamilton
Hugh Herr
Frida Kahlo
Aimee Mullins
Oscar Pistorius
Amy Purdy
Aron Ralston
Hans-Ulrich Rudel
Alex Zanardi
Ronnie Lott
Hari Budha Magar
Kalamandalam Sankaran Embranthiri

See also
Acrotomophilia
Adapted automobile
Flail limb
Robotic prosthesis control

References
Further reading
Miller, Brian Craig. Empty Sleeves: Amputation in the Civil War South (University of Georgia Press, 2015). xviii, 257 pp. == External links ==