See also
Cat senses
Natural bobtail

References
External links

The cat; an introduction to the study of backboned animals, especially mammals (1881)
A laboratory guide for the dissection of the cat: An introduction to the study of anatomy (1895)
Anatomy of the cat (1902)
Diaphragm eventration
The diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic eventration is used when there is abnormal displacement (i.e. elevation) of part or all of an otherwise intact diaphragm into the chest cavity. This rare type of CDH occurs because in the region of eventration the diaphragm is thinner, allowing the abdominal viscera to protrude upwards. Pathophysiology
There are genetic causes of CDH including aneuploidies, chromosome copy number variants, and single gene mutations. Research implicates a few gene mutations including LONP1 and MYRF. It involves three major defects:
A failure of the diaphragm to completely close during development
Herniation of the abdominal contents into the chest
Pulmonary hypoplasia

Diagnosis
This condition can often be diagnosed before birth and fetal intervention can sometimes help, depending on the severity of the condition. Infants born with diaphragmatic hernia experience respiratory failure due to both pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary hypoplasia. The first condition is a restriction of blood flow through the lungs thought to be caused by defects in the lung. Pulmonary hypoplasia or decreased lung volume is directly related to the abdominal organs presence in the chest cavity which causes the lungs to be severely undersized, especially on the side of the hernia.Survival rates for infants with this condition vary, but have generally been increasing through advances in neonatal medicine. Work has been done to correlate survival rates to ultrasound measurements of the lung volume as compared to the babys head circumference. This figure known as the lung-to-head ratio (LHR). Still, LHR remains an inconsistent measure of survival.