Fesoterodine (INN, used as the fumarate under the brand name Toviaz) is an antimuscarinic drug developed by Schwarz Pharma AG to treat overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). It was approved by the European Medicines Agency in April 2007, the US Food and Drug Administration on October 31, 2008  and Health Canada on February 9, 2012.Fesoterodine is a prodrug. It is broken down into its active metabolite, desfesoterodine, by plasma esterases. Efficacy
Fesoterodine has the advantage of allowing more flexible dosage than other muscarinic antagonists. Its tolerability and side effects are similar to other muscarinic antagonists and as a new drug seems unlikely to make great changes in practices of treatment for overactive bladder.A Japanese study from 2017, showed that urgency and urge incontinence are improved after 3 days administration of the drug, with full efficacy able to be judged after 7 days administration. Overactive bladder was found to be resolved in 88% of patients after seven days usage. References
External links
"Fesoterodine". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Meprobamate—marketed as Miltown by Wallace Laboratories and Equanil by Wyeth, among others—is a carbamate derivative used as an anxiolytic drug. It was the best-selling minor tranquilizer for a time, but has largely been replaced by the benzodiazepines due to their wider therapeutic index (lower risk of toxicity at therapeutically prescribed doses) and lower incidence of serious side effects. History
Frank Berger was working in a laboratory of a British drug company, looking for a preservative for penicillin, when he noticed that a compound called mephenesin calmed laboratory rodents without actually sedating them. Berger subsequently referred to this “tranquilizing” effect in a now-historic article, published by the British Journal of Pharmacology in 1946. However, three major drawbacks existed  to the use of mephenesin as a tranquilizer: a very short duration of action, greater effect on the spinal cord than on the brain (resulting in a very low therapeutic index), and a weak activity.In May 1950, after moving to Carter Products in New Jersey, Berger and a chemist, Bernard John Ludwig, synthesized a chemically related tranquilizing compound, meprobamate, that overcame these three drawbacks. Wallace Laboratories, a subsidiary of Carter Products, bought the license and named their new product "Miltown" after the borough of Milltown, New Jersey. Launched in 1955, it rapidly became the first blockbuster psychotropic drug in American history, becoming popular in Hollywood and gaining fame for its seemingly miraculous effects.