The pageant accepted pre-operation and post-operation trans women, but required proof of their gender at birth. The winner of the 2004 pageant was a woman named Mimi Marks.Jenna Talackova, the 23-year-old woman who forced Donald Trump and his Miss Universe Canada pageant to end its ban on transgender contestants, competed in the pageant on May 19, 2012, in Toronto. On January 12, 2013, Kylan Arianna Wenzel was the first transgender woman allowed to compete in a Miss Universe Organization pageant since Donald Trump changed the rules to allow women like Wenzel to enter officially. Wenzel was the first transgender woman to compete in a Miss Universe Organization pageant since officials disqualified 23-year-old Miss Canada Jenna Talackova the previous year after learning she was transgender. See also
List of transgender-related topics
List of transgender-rights organizations
List of LGBT-related organizations
List of transgender people
Transgender

References
Bibliography
Benjamin, Harry (1966). The Transsexual Phenomenon. Julian Press, Incorporated Publishers. OCLC 1138665289. Brown, Mildred L.; Chloe Ann Rounsley (1996). True Selves: Understanding Transsexualism – For Families, Friends, Coworkers, and Helping Professionals. Jossey-Bass. ISBN 978-0-7879-6702-4. OCLC 51437864. Feinberg, Leslie (1999). Trans Liberation : Beyond Pink or Blue. Beacon Press. ISBN 978-0-8070-7951-5. OCLC 38732343. Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender-Nonconforming People (PDF) (Report). 7. World Professional Association for Transgender Health. 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 May 2022. Kruijver, Frank P. M.; Zhou, Jiang-Ning; Pool, Chris W.; Hofman, Michel A.; Gooren, Louis J. G.; Swaab, Dick F. (1 May 2000). "Male-to-Female Transsexuals Have Female Neuron Numbers in a Limbic Nucleus".
Research focused on discovering the genetic component in developing Autosomal Dominant (AD) has also contributed greatly to the understanding the genetics behind normal or "non-pathological" aging. Autosomal Dominant (AD) - Autosomal dominant is a pattern of inheritance characteristic of some genetic disorders. "Autosomal" means that the gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes. "Dominant" means that a single copy of the mutated gene (from one parent) is enough to cause the disorder.The human brain shows a decline in function and a change in gene expression. This modulation in gene expression may be due to oxidative DNA damage at promoter regions in the genome. Genes that are down-regulated over the age of 40 include:

GluR1 AMPA receptor subunit
NMDA R2A receptor subunit (involved in learning)
Subunits of the GABA-A receptor
Genes involved in long-term potentiation e.g. calmodulin 1 and CAM kinase II alpha. Calcium signaling genes
Synaptic plasticity genes
Synaptic vesicle release and recycling genesGenes that are upregulated include:

Genes associated with stress response and DNA repair
Antioxidant defence

Epigenetic age analysis of brain regions
The cerebellum is the youngest brain region (and probably body part) in centenarians according to an epigenetic biomarker of tissue age known as epigenetic clock: it is about 15 years younger than expected in a centenarian. By contrast, all brain regions and brain cells appear to have roughly the same epigenetic age in subjects who are younger than 80.