Primary cutaneous immunocytoma is a skin condition that represents a low grade B-cell lymphoma related to marginal zone B-cell lymphoma but with a predominance of cells having plasmacytic features. : 741

See also
Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma
Skin lesion


== References ==
Although claims have been made for chiropractic care, under the theory that treating subluxations in the spine may decrease symptoms, a 2006 systematic review found that overall no evidence suggests that spinal manipulation is effective for treatment of primary and secondary dysmenorrhea.Valerian, Humulus lupulus and Passiflora incarnata may be safe and effective in the treatment of dysmenorrhea. TENS
A 2011 review stated that high-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation may reduce pain compared with sham TENS, but seems to be less effective than ibuprofen. Surgery
One treatment of last resort is presacral neurectomy. Epidemiology
Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecological conditions, regardless of age or race. It is one of the most frequently identified etiology of pelvic pain in menstruating adults. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea can vary between 16% and 91% of surveyed individuals, with severe pain observed in 2% to 29% of menstruating individuals. Reports of dysmenorrhea are greatest among individuals in their late teens and 20s, with reports usually declining with age. The prevalence in adolescent females has been reported to be 67.2% by one study and 90% by another. It has been stated that there is no significant difference in prevalence or incidence between races, although one study of Hispanic adolescent females indicated an elevated prevalence and impact in this group. Another study indicated that dysmenorrhea was present in 36.4% of participants, and was significantly associated with lower age and lower parity. Childbearing is said to relieve dysmenorrhea, but this does not always occur.