This paved the way for a more comprehensive understanding of causes of PTSD. After PTSD became an official psychiatric diagnosis with the publication of DSM-III (1980), the number of personal injurylawsuits (tort claims) asserting the plaintiff had PTSD increased rapidly. However, triers of fact (judges and juries) often regarded the PTSD diagnostic criteria as imprecise, a view shared by legal scholars, trauma specialists, forensic psychologists, and forensic psychiatrists. Professional discussions and debates in academic journals, at conferences, and between thought leaders, led to a more clearly-defined set of diagnostic criteria in DSM-IV, particularly the definition of a "traumatic event".The DSM-IV classified PTSD under anxiety disorders, but the DSM-5 created a new category called "trauma and stressor-related disorders", in which PTSD is now classified. Terminology
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders does not hyphenate "post" and "traumatic", thus, the DSM-5 lists the disorder as posttraumatic stress disorder. However, many scientific journal articles and other scholarly publications do hyphenate the name of the disorder, viz., "post-traumatic stress disorder". Dictionaries also differ with regard to the preferred spelling of the disorder with the Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged using the hyphenated spelling, and the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition and the Random House Kernerman Websters College Dictionary giving the non-hyphenated spelling.Some authors have used the terms "post-traumatic stress syndrome" or "post-traumatic stress symptoms" ("PTSS"), or simply "post-traumatic stress" ("PTS") in the case of the U.S. Department of Defense, to avoid stigma associated with the word "disorder".
The goal is to induce a brisk diuresis to prevent myoglobin precipitation and deposition, which can cause acute kidney injury. Mannitol can be added to assist with diuresis. Adding sodium bicarbonate to the IV fluids will cause alkalinization of the urine, believed to reduce the breakdown of myoglobin into its nephrotoxic metabolites, thus preventing renal damage. Often, IV normal saline is all that is needed to induce diuresis and alkalinize the urine. Epidemiology
See also
Pigmenturia

References
Further reading
Pedley, edited by Lewis P. Rowland, Timothy A. (2010). Merritts neurology (12th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 885. ISBN 978-0781791861. Retrieved 10 September 2015. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)
Nyhan, edited by Georg F. Hoffmann, Johannes Zschocke, William L. (2010). Inherited metabolic diseases : a clinical approach. Heidelberg: Springer. p. 165. ISBN 978-3-540-74722-2. Retrieved 10 September 2015. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)

External links

Overview on the Neuromuscular disease center website.