Bouffée délirante (BD) is an acute and transient psychotic disorder. It is a uniquely French psychiatric diagnostic term with a long history in France and various French speaking nations: Caribbean, e.g. Haiti, Guadeloupe, Antilles and Francophone Africa. The term BD was originally coined and described by Valentin Magnan (1835–1916), fell into relative disuse and was later revived by Henri Ey (1900–1977). Terminology
The French word bouffée is often translated as a puff or waft (as of air), but can also mean a flash, rush or surge. Chabrol translates the word délirante as "delusional". Other common dictionary definitions include less useful meanings such as "crazy" or "incoherent". A reasonable English translation of the term bouffée délirante is "delusional flash". Description
Bouffée délirante is "an acute, brief nonorganic psychosis that typically presents with a sudden onset of fully formed, thematically variable delusions and hallucinations against a background of some degree of clouding of consciousness, unstable and fluctuating affect, and spontaneous recovery with some probability of relapse." The following criteria have been suggested for a diagnosis of BD:  a) abrupt onset, b) polymorphic delusions, emotional changes, mood swings, depersonalization, derealization and/or hallucinations, c) complete remission within weeks or a few months, d) exclusion of organic causation, alcohol or drug use, e) no psychiatric antecedents with the exception of a previous episode of bouffée délirante. American academic investigators proposed the following definition in 2011: "The French concept of bouffée délirante refers to conditions with a sudden onset marked by prominent delusions with hallucinations, confusion, anxiety and affective symptoms.
These deficits include: becoming sporadic, disrespectful, extremely profane, and gave no regard for other workers. Gage started having seizures in February 1860, dying only four months later on May 21, 1860.Ten years later, Paul Broca examined two patients exhibiting impaired speech due to frontal lobe injuries. Brocas first patient lacked productive speech. He saw this as an opportunity to address language localization. It wasnt until Leborgne, formally known as "tan", died when Broca confirmed the frontal lobe lesion from an autopsy. The second patient had similar speech impairments, supporting his findings on language localization. The results of both cases became a vital verification of the relationship between speech and the left cerebral hemisphere. The affected areas are known today as Brocas area and Brocas Aphasia.A few years later, a German neuroscientist, Carl Wernicke, consulted on a stroke patient. The patient experienced neither speech nor hearing impairments but had a few brain deficits. These deficits included: lacking the ability to comprehend what was spoken to him and the words written down. After his death, Wernicke examined his autopsy that found a lesion located in the left temporal region. This area became known as Wernickes area. Wernicke later hypothesized the relationship between Wernickes area and Brocas area, which was proven fact. Epidemiology
Head injury is the leading cause of death in many countries. See also
Traumatic brain injury
Brain damage
Concussion
Acquired brain injury
Neurodegeneration
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy

References
External links
Brain Injury (journal)
Cochrane Injuries Group: systematic reviews on the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of traumatic injury
First aid advice for head injuries from the British Red Cross