While death is rare among MAC patients, it can occasionally metastasize to local lymph nodes. The 10 year overall survival rate is 86.4%, however this is exceedingly close to many 10 year survival rates of populations without MACs present. Causes
Little is known about the causes of MACs, although some evidence has shown that ultraviolet light, radiation, and genes may be causation factors. A genetic role might also be plausible, according to some studies. In several cases, patients developed a MAC after immunosuppression. Treatment
Due to the invasive nature of MACs, most cases are treated with wide local excision in order to decrease the rate of reoccurrence. Increasingly however, Mohs micrographic surgery is being employed as it allows more specific margins to be removed, along with decreasing the size of postoperative scars and disfigurement. In rare cases, tumors can be deemed inoperable due to their size and location under vital structures of the face. Chemotherapy and radiation treatment have been used when metastasis has occurred or when an excision cannot be performed, but results have been inconclusive about their effectiveness. In some cases, radiation therapy has been shown to increase tumor size. While in other cases, it implies that it will decrease the success of the tumor regrowing. Long term follow-up is necessary, as some cases of local recurrence have been documented 30 years after the original diagnosis. See also
Syringofibroadenoma
Skin lesion
List of cutaneous conditions


== References ==
Because the placenta is less elastic than the uterus, it tears away when the uterine tissue stretches suddenly. When anatomical risk factors are present, the placenta does not attach in a place that provides adequate support, and it may not develop appropriately or be separated as it grows. Cocaine use during the third trimester has a 10% chance of causing abruption. Though the exact mechanism is not known, cocaine and tobacco cause systemic vasoconstriction, which can severely restrict the placental blood supply (hypoperfusion and ischemia), or otherwise disrupt the vasculature of the placenta, causing tissue necrosis, bleeding, and therefore abruption.In most cases, placental disease and abnormalities of the spiral arteries develop throughout the pregnancy and lead to necrosis, inflammation, vascular problems, and ultimately, abruption. Because of this, most abruptions are caused by bleeding from the arterial supply, not the venous supply. Production of thrombin via massive bleeding causes the uterus to contract and leads to DIC.The accumulating blood pushes between the layers of the decidua, pushing the uterine wall and placenta apart. When the placenta is separated, it is unable to exchange waste, nutrients, and oxygen, a necessary function for the fetuss survival. The fetus dies when it no longer receives enough oxygen and nutrients to survive. Diagnosis
Placental abruption is suspected when a pregnant mother has sudden localized abdominal pain with or without bleeding. The fundus may be monitored because a rising fundus can indicate bleeding. An ultrasound may be used to rule out placenta praevia but is not diagnostic for abruption.