Neurological abnormalities
Seventy to eighty percent of cases of the most severe forms of arthrogryposis are caused by neurological abnormalities, which can be either genetic or environmental.The underlying aetiology and pathogenesis of congenital contractures, particularly arthrogryposis and the mechanism of the mutations remains an active area of investigation, because identifying these factors could help to develop treatment and congenital finding of arthrogryposis. Diagnosis
Research on prenatal diagnosis has shown that a diagnosis can be made prenatally in approximately 50% of fetuses presenting arthrogryposis. It could be found during routine ultrasound scanning showing a lack of mobility and abnormal position of the foetus. There are other options for visualization of details and structures using techniques such as 4D ultrasound. In clinic a child can be diagnosed with arthrogryposis with physical examination, confirmed by ultrasound, MRI, or muscle biopsy. Classification
Some of the different types of AMC include:

Arthrogryposis multiplex due to muscular dystrophy. Arthrogryposis ectodermal dysplasia other anomalies, also known as Cote Adamopoulos Pantelakis syndrome, Trichooculodermovertebral syndrome, TODV syndrome and Alves syndrome. Arthrogryposis epileptic seizures migrational brain disorder. Arthrogryposis IUGR thoracic dystrophy, also known as Van Bervliet syndrome. Arthrogryposis-like disorder, also known as Kuskokwim disease. Arthrogryposis-like hand anomaly and sensorineural deafness. Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita CNS calcification. Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita distal (AMCD), also known as X-linked spinal muscular atrophy type 2. Gordon syndrome, also known as distal arthrogryposis type 3. Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, distal type 2A, also known as Freeman–Sheldon syndrome. Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, distal type 2B, also known as Sheldon–Hall syndrome. Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita neurogenic type (AMCN).
Keratomalacia is an eye disorder that results from vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is required to maintain specialized epithelia (such as in the cornea and conjunctiva). The precise mechanism is still not known, but vitamin A is necessary for the maintenance of the specialized epithelial surfaces of the body. A lack of vitamin A leads to atrophic changes in the normal mucosal surface, with loss of goblet cells, and replacement of the normal epithelium by an inappropriate keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. In addition, the substantia propria of the cornea breaks down and liquefies, resulting in keratomalacia.The resulting cornea becomes totally opaque, which is one of the most common reasons for blindness around the world, particularly in developing countries. See also
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Xerophthalmia

References
External links

patient.co.uk