Interestingly, histologists were able to identify hyaline bodies within the tissue framework of the GOC. It is encouraged that the histological identification of at least seven of these biological characteristics is required to accurately distinguish the presence of the GOC. Intraepithelial Hemosiderin
Pathologists have identified hemosiderin pigments that are considered unique to the GOC. The discovery of this pigment can be pivotal to the differentiation of the GOC from other lesions. The staining at the epithelium is due to the haemorrhaging of the lining. The cause of the haemorrhaging can be triggered by the type of treatment, cellular degradation, or structural deformation inflicted during GOC expansion. Examination of the GOC tissue section indicated that red blood cells from the intraluminal space had combined with the extracellular constituents. This process is carried out through transepithelial elimination. This clinical procedure is beneficial to confirm the benign or malignant nature of the GOC. Immunocytochemistry
The examination of cytokeratin profiles is deemed useful when observing the differences between the GOC and the central MEC. These two lesions show individualised expression for cytokeratin 18 and 19. Past studies observed Ki-67, p53, and PCNA expression in common jaw cysts that shared similar characteristics. There was a lack of p53 expression found in radicular cysts. Similarly, Ki-67 was seen less in the central MEC compared to the other lesions, though this discovery is not essential to the process of differential diagnosis. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen readings were established to have no role in the differentiation process.
Acid-fast bacilli are sometimes seen on a CSF smear, but more commonly, M. tuberculosis is grown in culture. A spiderweb clot in the collected CSF is characteristic of TB meningitis, but is a rare finding. ELISPOT testing is not useful for the diagnosis of acute TB meningitis and is often false negative, but may paradoxically become positive after treatment has started, which helps to confirm the diagnosis. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT)
This is a group of tests that use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect mycobacterial nucleic acid. These test vary in which nucleic acid sequence they detect and vary in their accuracy. The two most common commercially available tests are the amplified mycobacterium tuberculosis direct test (MTD, Gen-Probe) and Amplicor. In 2007, review concluded that for diagnosing tuberculous meningitis "Individually, the AMTD test appears to perform the best (sensitivity 74% and specificity 98%)", they found the pooled prevalence of TB meningitis to be 29%. Treatment
The treatment of TB meningitis is isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for two months, followed by isoniazid and rifampicin alone for a further ten months. Steroids help reduce the risk of death in those without HIV. Steroids can be used in the first six weeks of treatment, A few people may require immunomodulatory agents such as thalidomide. Hydrocephalus occurs as a complication in about a third of people with TB meningitis. The addition of aspirin may reduce or delay mortality, possibly by reducing complications such as infarcts. References


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