Rates in various medical conditions
Fetal entities:
First twin 17–30%
Second twin 28–39%
Stillborn 26%
Prader–Willi syndrome 50%, Werdnig–Hoffman syndrome 10%
Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome 40%
Fetal alcohol syndrome 40%
Potter anomaly 36%
Zellweger syndrome 27%
Myotonic dystrophy 21%, 13 trisomy syndrome 12%
18 trisomy syndrome 43%
21 trisomy syndrome 5%
de Lange syndrome 10%
Anencephalus 6–18%, Spina bifida 20–30%
Congenital hydrocephalus 24–37%
Osteogenesis imperfecta 33.3%
Amyoplasia 33.3%
Achondrogenesis 33.3%
Amelia 50%
Craniosynostosis 8%
Sacral agenesis 30.4%
Arthrogriposis multiplex congenita 33.3
Congenital dislocation of the hip 33.3%
Hereditary sensory neuropathy type III 25%
Centronuclear myopathy 16.7%
Multiple pituitary hormone deficiency 50%
Isolated pituitary hormone deficiency 20%
Ectopic posterior pituitary gland 33.3%
Congenital bilateral perisilvian syndrome 33.3
Symmetric fetal growth restriction 40%
Asymmetric fetal growth restriction 40%
Nonimmune hydrops fetalis 15%
Atresia ani 18.2%
Microcephalus 15.4%
Omphalocele 12.5%
Prematurity 40%
Placental and amniotic fluid entities:
Amniotic sheet perpendicular to the placenta 50%
Cornual–fundal implantation of the placenta 30%
Placenta previa 12.5%
Oligohydramnios 17%
Polyhydramnios 15.8%
Maternal entities:
Uterus arcuatus 22.6%
Uterus unicornuatus 33.3%
Uterus bicornuatus 34.8%
Uterus didelphys 30–41%
Uterus septus 45.8%
Leiomyoma uteri 9–20%
Spinal cord injury 10%
Carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy 17%
Combination of two medical entities:
First twin in uterus with two bodies 14.29%
Second twin in uterus with two bodies 18.52%.Also, women with previous Caesarean deliveries have a risk of breech presentation at term twice that of women with previous vaginal deliveries.The highest possible probability of breech presentation of 50% indicates that breech presentation is a consequence of random filling of the intrauterine space, with the same probability of breech and cephalic presentation in a longitudinally elongated uterus. Types
Types of breech depend on how the babys legs are lying.
The initial fever is usually followed in a few days by a single, short rise but there may be many relapses between periods without fever. The most constant symptom is pain in the legs. Recovery takes a month or more. Lethal cases are rare, but in a few cases "the persistent fever might lead to heart failure". Aftereffects may include neurasthenia, cardiac disturbances and myalgia. Pathophysiology
Bartonella quintana is transmitted by contamination of a skin abrasion or louse-bite wound with the faeces of an infected body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis). There have also been reports of an infected louse bite passing on the infection. Diagnosis
Serological testing is typically used to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Most serological tests would succeed only after a certain period of time past the symptom onset (usually a week). The differential diagnosis list includes typhus, ehrlichiosis, leptospirosis, Lyme disease, and virus-caused exanthema (measles or rubella). Treatment
The treatment of trench fever can vary from case to case, as the human body has the ability to rid itself of the disease without medical intervention. Some patients will require treatment, and others will not. For those who do require treatment, the best treatment comes by way of doxycycline in combination with gentamicin. Chloramphenicol is an alternative medication recommended under circumstances that render use of tetracycline derivates undesirable, such as severe liver disease, kidney dysfunction, in children under nine years and in pregnant women. The medication is administered for seven to ten days.