Among children rates of survival are 3 to 16% in North America. For in hospital cardiac arrest survival to discharge is around 22%. Those who survive to Return-of-Spontaneous-Circulation (ROSC) and hospital admission frequently present with Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome which usually presents with neurological injury that can range from mild memory problems to coma.Hypoxic ischemic brain injury is the most detrimental outcome for people suffering a cardiac arrest. Poor neurological outcomes following cardiac arrest are much more prevalent in countries that do not use withdrawal of life support (~50%) as compared to those that do (less than 10%). Most improvements in cognition occur during the first three months following cardiac arrest, with some individuals reporting improvement up to one-year post cardiac arrest. 50 – 70% of cardiac arrest survivors report fatigue as a symptom, making fatigue the most prevalent patient-reported symptom.Prognosis is typically assessed 72 hours or more after cardiac arrest. Rates of survival are better in those who someone saw collapse, got bystander CPR, or had either ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation when assessed. Survival among those with Vfib or Vtach is 15 to 23%. Women are more likely to survive cardiac arrest and leave hospital than men.A 1997 review found rates of survival to discharge of 14% although different studies varied from 0 to 28%. In those over the age of 70 who have a cardiac arrest while in hospital, survival to hospital discharge is less than 20%.
Oral ketoconazole is now only indicated for use in these countries when the indication is a severe or life-threatening systemic infection and alternatives are unavailable. However, topical ketoconazole, which does not distribute systemically, is safe and widely used still.Ketoconazole HRA was approved for use in the European Union for treatment of Cushings syndrome in November 2013.As of March 2019, oral levoketoconazole (developmental code name COR-003, tentative brand name Recorlev) is phase III clinical trials for the treatment of Cushings syndrome. Oral levoketoconazole may have a lower risk of liver toxicity than oral ketoconazole. Society and culture
Generic names
Ketoconazole is the generic name of the drug and its INN, USAN, BAN, and JAN. Brand names
Ketoconazole has been marketed under a large number of brand names. Availability
Ketoconazole is available widely throughout the world.In 2013, the European Medicines Agencys Committee on Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) recommended that a ban be imposed on the use of oral ketoconazole for systemic use in humans throughout the European Union, after concluding that the risk of serious liver injury from systemic ketoconazole outweighs its benefits. Veterinary use
Ketoconazole is sometimes prescribed as an antifungal by veterinarians for use in pets, often as unflavored tablets that may need to be cut to smaller size for correct dosage. References
External links
"Ketoconazole". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.