This may occur in:
a) The vitreomacular traction syndrome; b) Proliferative diabetic retinopathy with vitreoretinal traction; c) Atypical cases of impending macular hole. Exudative retinoschisis
Retinoschisis involving the central part of the retina secondary to an optic disc pit was erroneously considered to be a serous retinal detachment until correctly described by Lincoff as retinoschisis. Significant visual loss may occur and following a period of observation for spontaneous resolution, treatment with temporal peripapillary laser photocoagulation followed by vitrectomy and gas injection followed by face-down positioning is very effective in treating this condition. Diagnosis
The diagnosis of the disease is usually made during an examination of the back of the eye (fundus) where any splits, tears or rips may be seen. One diagnostic tool is optical coherence tomography (OCT), which that uses light waves to create images of the retina and based on ophthalmoscopy with scleral depression and contact lens examination. The fellow eye should also be examined. Treatment
Retinoschisis usually doesn’t require treatment aside from glasses to improve vision. However, some children with X-linked retinoschisis may have bleeding in their eye. This can be treated with either laser therapy or cryosurgery. In rare cases, children may need surgery to stop the bleeding. As of 2022, a clinical trial of gene therapy to treat XLRS was ongoing. After 1 year, the paper concluded that the therapy "was generally safe and well tolerated but failed to demonstrate a measurable treatment effect". References
External links

GeneReview/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on X-Linked Juvenile Retinoschisis
X-linked juvenile retinoschisis on Genetics Home Reference
NCBI Genetic Testing Registry
Somatostatinomas are a tumor of the delta cells of the endocrine pancreas that produces somatostatin. Increased levels of somatostatin inhibit pancreatic hormones and gastrointestinal hormones. Thus, somatostatinomas are associated with mild diabetes mellitus (due to inhibition of insulin release), steatorrhoea and gallstones (due to inhibition of cholecystokinin release), and achlorhydria (due to inhibition of gastrin release). Somatostatinomas are commonly found in the head of pancreas. Only ten percent of somatostatinomas are functional tumours [9], and 60–70% of tumours are malignant. Nearly two-thirds of patients with malignant somatostatinomas will present with metastatic disease. Pathophysiology
In a normal subject, actions of somatostatin include:
In the anterior pituitary gland, the effects of somatostatin are:Inhibit the release of growth hormone, thus opposing the effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
Inhibit the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)Somatostatin suppresses the release of gastrointestinal hormonesGastrin
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Secretin
Motilin
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)
EnteroglucagonLowers the rate of gastric emptying, and reduces smooth muscle contractions and blood flow within the intestine
Suppresses the release of pancreatic hormonesInhibits the release of insulin
Inhibits the release of glucagonSuppresses the exocrine secretory action of pancreas.This explains how abnormally elevated somatostatin can cause diabetes mellitus, by inhibiting insulin secretion, steatorrhoea by inhibiting cholecystokinin and secretin, gall stones by inhibiting cholecystokinin which normally induce gallbladder myocytes to contract, and hypochlorhydria caused by inhibiting gastrin, which normally stimulate acid secretion.Somatostatinomas are associated with calcium deposits called psammoma bodies.