These are potential conflicts of interest that he has never disclosed when publishing scientific articles, which would be against ethical practices of some countries such as the United States. Media
CCSVI has received a great deal of attention in all media, the scientific literature and on the Internet. Moreover, the CCSVI case has been considered a good example of how new communication technologies and social media are modifying the traditional relationship between science, politics, medicine, and the general public. In this sense they have played a key role in effectively promoting the theory.Media coverage has been perceived by some as "hype", with exaggerated claims that have led to excessive expectations. This has been partially attributed to some of the investigators of the theory. Mainstream media initial approximations to Zambonis theory were enthusiastic and emphasized Zambonis effort to find a cure for his wife, along with the improvement of some patients after its alleged treatment. Initial difficulty reproducing results connecting MS and CCSVI, combined with reports of secondary effects of the surgical procedure, led to a more cautious discourse proposing that more investigation in the relationship between CCSVI and MS was needed. The first fatality related to CCSVI treatment was a pivotal development in this trend towards a less optimistic media view of the theory.The Internet has been extensively used by patient groups to obtain and disseminate information on CCSVI.
Organizations
Several national and international organizations have been created to further the research and dissemination of the CCSVI theory, such as the International Society for Neurovascular Disease and the National CCSVI Society of Canada. They are working together with already existing organizations like the International Union of Phlebology (Union internationale de phlébologie-UIP- in French, its original working language) of which Zamboni is a member. The UIP for example proposed that developmental abnormalities were the primary cause of CCSVI. Research
There were further studies aimed at clarifying if there is a relationship between MS and CCSVI. In particular, the US and Canadian MS societies launched seven such studies. Recent reviewers have shown "no significant difference in prevalence of CCSVI in people with MS compared to people without MS". In 2014 imaging criteria for venous abnormalities were published to help with research on this topic. See also
Chronic venous insufficiency
Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis
Vascular myelopathy

References
Further reading


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