In a study noted in International Journal of Ophthalmology, results showed Epleronone decreased the subretinal fluid both horizontally and vertically over time. However, the most recent and largest randomized controlled trial showed that eplerenone has no significant effect on chronic CSR.Low dosage ibuprofen has been shown to quicken recovery in some cases. Topical treatment
Though no topical treatment has been proven to be effective in the treatment of CSR. Some doctors have attempted to use nonsteroidal topical medications to reduce the subretinal fluid associated with CSR. The nonsteroidal topical medications that are sometimes used to treat CSR are, Ketorolac, Diclofenac, or Bromfenac. Lifestyle changes
People who have irregular sleep patterns, type A personalities, sleep apnea, or systemic hypertension are more susceptible to CSR, as stated in Medscape. "The pathogenesis here is thought to be elevated circulating cortisol and epinephrine, which affect the autoregulation of the choroidal circulation." With management of these lifestyle patterns and associated cortisol and epinephrine levels, it has been shown that the fluid associated with CSR can spontaneously resolve. Melatonin has been shown to help regulate sleep in people who have irregular sleep patterns (such as 3rd shift workers, or overnight employees), in turn, better regulating cortisol and epinephrine levels to manage CSR. A Cochrane review seeking to compare the effectiveness of various treatment for CSR found low quality evidence that half-dose PDT treatment resulted in improved visual acuity and less recurrence of CSR in patients with acute CSR, compared to patients in the control group.
Inheritance within families
In most of the families reported so far, tetra-amelia syndrome appears to have an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. This means the defective gene responsible for the disorder is located on an autosome , and two copies of the defective gene (one inherited from each parent) are required in order to be born with the disorder. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive disorder both carry one copy of the defective gene, but usually do not experience any signs or symptoms of the disorder. Epidemiology
Tetra-amelia syndrome has been reported in only a few families worldwide. According to a 2011 study by Bermejo-Sanchez, amelia – that is, the lacking of one or more limbs – occurs in roughly 1 out of every 71,000 pregnancies. People with tetra-amelia syndrome
Joanne ORiordan of Millstreet, Cork, Ireland. At the age of 16 she addressed the United Nations in New York. She appeared before the International Telecommunication Union’s conference ‘Girls in Technology’, receiving a standing ovation after delivering the keynote speech. Hirotada Ototake
Nick Vujicic, founder of Life Without Limbs. Prince Randian
Violetta (entertainer)
Kent Bell (1965-2015) of Jacksonville, FL, scoreboard operator and disabled rights advocate, appeared on Oprah Winfrey show and in numerous print articles over the course of his life. Rob Mendez, varsity football team offensive coordinator at Francis Parker School (San Diego). Christian Arndt of Germany, media presenter. References
External links

"Tetra-amelia syndrome - Genetics Home Reference". U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2009-01-09.