loss-of-function mutations in one of the two normally paired TSC1 or one of the two normally paired TSC2 tumor suppressor genes. As a part of their functions, the TSC1 and TSC2 tumor suppressor genes act to suppress the abnormal growth of cells by contributing to the suppression of the mammalian target of rapamycin (i.e. mTOR) protein that promotes cell growth and proliferation. Inactivation of one of the TSC1 or TSC2 genes appears responsible for unleashing mTor and thereby promoting the growth of the many strictly benign lesions, including KTs, that develop in individuals with tuberous sclerosis. mTOR is inhibited by rapamycin, a drug which has been used as a topical application to successfully treat a few cases of Koenens tumors.A small number of cases in individuals including those that do not have tuberous sclerosis may develop KTs as reactions to local traumas. Treatment
The treatment of KTs has varied depending on their size, numbers, locations, symptoms, damage to tissues, and disfiguring effects. Excision may be the treatment of choice for surgically accessible lesions. However, following surgical removal, KTs have a high rate of local recurrence, particularly in cases where the lesions are not completely removed. Other treatment methods, which may be used in combination with surgical removal and/or with each other include: carbon dioxide-based laser vaporization; electrocauterization; shave excision of the tumor with phenolization (i.e.
Arava, Aravah or Arabah may refer to:

Places
Arava, Estonia, a village in Anija Commune, Harju County, Estonia
Arava(h) (Hebrew) or Arabah (Arabic), a section of the Great Rift Valley between the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba in Israel and Jordan

Other uses
Arava Institute for Environmental Studies, an Israeli study programme
Arava Power Company, an Israeli solar energy company
Arava Shahaf (born 1990), Israeli footballer
Arava spider, a huntsman spider found in the southern Arava Valley of Israel and Jordan
Arava, a brand name for the antirheumatic drug leflunomide
IAI Arava, a plane manufactured by Israel Aircraft Industries
Aravah (Sukkot), a willow branch, one of the Four Species used on the Jewish holiday of Sukkot

See also
Arraba (disambiguation)
Araba (disambiguation)