Autoimmune hepatitis increases the risk for cirrhosis, and the risk for liver cancer is increased by about 1% for each year of the disease.Many people with autoimmune hepatitis have other autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune hepatitis is distinct from the other autoimmune diseases of the liver, primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, both of which can also lead to scarring, fibrosis, and cirrhosis of the liver. Genetic
Genetic causes of hepatitis include alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, hemochromatosis, and Wilsons disease. In alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, a co-dominant mutation in the gene for alpha-1-antitrypsin results in the abnormal accumulation of the mutant AAT protein within liver cells, leading to liver disease. Hemochromatosis and Wilsons disease are both autosomal recessive diseases involving abnormal storage of minerals. In hemochromatosis, excess amounts of iron accumulate in multiple body sites, including the liver, which can lead to cirrhosis. In Wilsons disease, excess amounts of copper accumulate in the liver and brain, causing cirrhosis and dementia.When the liver is involved, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and Wilsons disease tend to present as hepatitis in the neonatal period or in childhood. Hemochromatosis typically presents in adulthood, with the onset of clinical disease usually after age 50. Ischemic hepatitis
Ischemic hepatitis (also known as shock liver) results from reduced blood flow to the liver as in shock, heart failure, or vascular insufficiency. The condition is most often associated with heart failure but can also be caused by shock or sepsis. Blood testing of a person with ischemic hepatitis will show very high levels of transaminase enzymes (AST and ALT).
In Henrik Ibsens play A Dolls House, Dr. Rank has "consumption of the spine". Jocelin, the dean who wanted a spire on his cathedral in William Goldings The Spire, probably died as a result of the disease. Morton, the railroad magnate in the film Once Upon a Time in the West, has the disease and needs crutches to walk. Imogen, in the novella "The Princess with the Golden Hair", part of Memoirs of Hecate County by Edmund Wilson (1946), has Pott disease. In the story Two Gentlemen of Verona, written by A. J. Cronin, Lucia had tuberculosis of spine. References
External links
Pott Disease — Tuberculous Spondylitis (medical article with MRI picture), eMedicine, 2018-08-30. "Tuberculous arthritis", MedlinePlus, USA: NIH. Public domain. Potts Disease of the Thoracic Spine