This species was a common malaria vector in Italy until the country was declared malaria free in 1970. Five cases of airport malaria were reported in Geneva in the hot summer of 1989.In Spain, 1964 marked the elimination of malaria following sanitary and socioeconomic developments. However, over the following 50 years, more than 10 000 cases of malaria were reported, of which 0.8% had no history of recent travel. Airport malaria was reported in two people. In 1984, a 76-year-old woman died from P. falciparum after visiting relatives less than 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from Madrid airport. Suspected to have pneumonia, the diagnosis was not initially clear. In 2001, a second woman was diagnosed, treated and recovered. Other countries
There have not been any confirmed reports of airport malaria in the US. However, between 1957 and 2003, there were 156 people reported with malaria who had no history of travel or other risk factors. Some were likely to be caused by airport malaria. A small number of airport malaria reports have come from Florida.Airport malaria was first reported in Australia in 1996. Prevention
The WHO International Health Regulations give guidance on prevention of airport malaria. Mosquito control programmes also recommend procedures for aircraft coming from endemic areas and for the receiving airports, including the surrounding 400 metres (1,300 ft) of area.Routine aircraft disinsection of aircraft has been shown to reduce mosquitoes on aircraft. Insecticide can also be sprayed on the ground.
Risankizumab, sold under the brand name Skyrizi, is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin 23A (IL-23A). Risankizumab is part of a collaboration between Boehringer Ingelheim and AbbVie. Risankizumab has been approved in the European Union, the United States, and Canada for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults who are candidates for systemic therapy, and moderate to severe Crohns disease in the United States. In Japan, it is approved for treating plaque psoriasis, generalized pustular psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in adults who have an inadequate response to conventional therapies. Clinical trials
Psoriasis
In a phase I clinical trial, thirty-nine patients received single-dose risankizumab, eighteen of which received the drug intravenously, thirteen subcutaneously, and eight received the placebo drug. There were several instances that adverse effects occurred but in the same frequency for the placebo and the experimental groups. Four serious adverse events occurred in the risankizumab treated patients, all of which were judged not treatment related. Risankizumab was associated with clinical improvement in individuals treated with the drug, from week 2 and maintained for up to 66 weeks after treatment. At week 12 of treatment, 75%, 90%, and 100% decreases in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) were achieved by 87%, 58%, and 16% of risankizumab treated patients, regardless of dose, respectively, versus individuals receiving placebo.