All children, according to the U.S. vaccination schedule, should receive four doses, at two months, four months, six months, and again between one year and fifteen months of age.The CDC updated the pneumococcal vaccine guidelines for adults 65 years of age or older in 2019.In October 2021, the CDC recommended that adults 65 years of age or older who have not previously received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine or whose previous vaccination history is unknown should receive a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (either PCV20 or PCV15). If PCV15 is used, this should be followed by a dose of PPSV23. The CDC recommended that adults aged 19 to 64 years with certain underlying medical conditions or other risk factors who have not previously received a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine or whose previous vaccination history is unknown should receive a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (either PCV20 or PCV15). If PCV15 is used, this should be followed by a dose of PPSV23. Efficacy
Prevnar-7 is designed to stop seven of about ninety pneumococcal serotypes which have the potential to cause invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). In 2010, a 13-valent vaccine was introduced. Each year, IPD kills approximately one million children worldwide. Since approval, Prevnars efficacy in preventing IPD has been documented by a number of epidemiologic studies. There is evidence that other people in the same household as a vaccinee also become relatively protected.
Further, aluminum is also added to the vaccine serum because it is an adjuvant, meaning it further enhances the immune response.The vaccines polysaccharide sugars are grown separately in soy peptone broths. Through reductive amination, the sugars are directly conjugated to the protein carrier CRM197 to form the glycoconjugate. CRM197 is grown in C. diphtheriae strain C7 in a medium of casamino acids and yeast extracts.The Prevnar seven-valent formulation contained serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F, and resulted in a 98% probability of protection against these strains, which caused 80% of the pneumococcal disease in infants in the U.S. PCV7 is no longer produced.In 2010, Pfizer introduced Prevnar 13, which contains six additional strains (1, 3, 5, 6A, 19A and 7F), which protect against the majority of the remaining pneumococcal infections.In June 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Prevnar 20, an icosavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, which includes the serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 8, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 18C, 19A, 19F, 22F, 23F, and 33F for adults 18 years of age and older. As of August 2022, seven serotypes remain experimental and were authorized only under "accelerated approval" by FDA, based on opsonophagocytic activity ("OPA") assay. Maintenance of this approval is ongoing and "may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in a confirmatory trial. "In February 2022, the European Medicines Agency Approves Pfizers Prevnar 20 (PVC20) under the brand name Apexxnar. Synflorix
Synflorix (PCV10) is produced by GlaxoSmithKline.