While a 2005 review found tentative evidence of benefit from tympanostomy tubes for improvement in the unsteadiness associated with the disease, a 2014 review concluded that their use is not supported.Destructive surgeries are irreversible and involve removing entire functionality of most, if not all, of the affected ear; as of 2013, almost no evidence existed with which to judge whether these surgeries are effective. The inner ear itself can be surgically removed via labyrinthectomy, although hearing is always completely lost in the affected ear with this operation. The surgeon can also cut the nerve to the balance portion of the inner ear in a vestibular neurectomy. The hearing is often mostly preserved; however, the surgery involves cutting open into the lining of the brain, and a hospital stay of a few days for monitoring is required. Poorly supported
As of 2014, betahistine is often used as it is inexpensive and safe; but evidence does not justify its use in MD. Transtympanic micropressure pulses were investigated in two systematic reviews. Neither found evidence to justify this technique. Intratympanic steroids were investigated in three systematic reviews. The data were found to be insufficient to decide if this therapy has positive effects. Evidence does not support the use of alternative medicine such as acupuncture or herbal supplements. Prognosis
Ménières disease usually starts confined to one ear; it extends to both ears in about 30% of cases. People may start out with only one symptom, but in MD all three appear with time.
One of the most common locations for a foreign body is the alimentary tract. It is possible for foreign bodies to enter the from the mouth, or from the rectum.The objects most commonly swallowed by children are coins. Meat impaction, resulting in esophageal food bolus obstruction is more common in adults. Swallowed objects are more likely to lodge in the esophagus or stomach than in the pharynx or duodenum. Diagnosis
If the person who swallowed the foreign body is doing well, usually an x-ray image will be taken which will show any metal objects, and this will be repeated a few days later to confirm that the object has passed all the way through the digestive system. Also it needs to be confirmed that the object is not stuck in the airways, in the bronchial tree. Treatment
Most objects that are swallowed will, if they have passed the pharynx, pass all the way through the gastrointestinal tract unaided. However, sometimes an object becomes arrested (usually in the terminal ileum or the rectum) or a sharp object penetrates the bowel wall.