The second period is characterized by a higher than random probability that the fetal presentation during this period will also be present at the time of delivery. The increase of this probability is gradual and identical for breech and cephalic presentations during this period. In the third period, from the 36th gestational week onward, the incidence of cephalic and breech presentations remain stable, i.e. breech presentation around 3–4% and cephalic presentation approximately 95%. In the general population, incidence of breech presentation at preterm corresponds to the incidence of breech presentation when birth occurs.A breech presentation at delivery occurs when the fetus does not turn to a cephalic presentation. This failure to change presentation can result from endogenous and exogenous factors. Endogenous factors involve fetal inability to adequately move, whereas exogenous factors refer to insufficient intrauterine space available for fetal movements.The incidence of breech presentation is affected by both maternal and fetal diseases and medical conditions. When these factors are present, the probability of breech presentation is between 4% and 50%.
A proof of concept study of OCA (25 mg/d) has shown clinical and biochemical benefit. FDA Label Update
On February 1, 2018, the FDA updated label warnings for obeticholic acid to better explain recommended dosing. According to the agency, a misunderstanding led some health care professionals to improperly dose the drug on a daily basis rather than weekly, which can increase the risk of liver damage. References
External links
"Obeticholic acid". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.