: 553  Type 2 MPGN is a subgroup of C3 glomerulopathy, a newly proposed diagnosis which also encompasses C3 Glomerulonephritis (C3GN). Type 3 MPGN, which is caused by immune complex deposition in the subepithelial space. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, also known as crescentic GN, is characterised by a rapid, progressive deterioration in kidney function. People with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis may present with a nephritic syndrome. In management, steroid therapy is sometimes used, although the prognosis remains poor. Three main subtypes are recognised:: 557–558 
Type 1 is Goodpasture syndrome, an autoimmune disease also affecting the lung. In Goodpasture syndrome, IgG antibodies directed against the glomerular basement membrane  trigger an inflammatory reaction, causing a nephritic syndrome and the coughing up of blood. : 557  High dose immunosuppression is required (intravenous methylprednisolone) and cyclophosphamide, plus plasmapheresis. Immunohistochemistry staining of tissue specimens shows linear IgG deposits. Type 2 is characterised by immune-complex-mediated damage, and may be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, post-infective glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy, and IgA vasculitis. : 558 
Type 3 rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, also called pauciimmune type, is associated with causes of vascular inflammation including granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis. No immune deposits can be seen on staining, however blood tests may be positive for the ANCA antibody. : 558–559 Histopathologically, the majority of glomeruli present "crescents". Formation of crescents is initiated by passage of fibrin into the Bowman space as a result of increased permeability of glomerular basement membrane. Fibrin stimulates the proliferation of endothelial cells of Bowman capsule, and an influx of monocytes.
When television presenter Michael Mosley deliberately infected himself with tapeworms he gained weight due to increased appetite. Dieters still sometimes risk intentional infection, evidenced by a 2013 warning on American television. Notes
References
Further reading

Merck Manual of Medication Information, Second Home Edition, Online Version, Tapeworm Infection 2005
Mayo Clinic Website on infectious diseases, Mayo Clinic - Tapeworm Infection, 2006
Medline Plus - Taeniasis (tapeworm infection)
University of South Carolina - School of Medicine - Cestodes (tapeworms)