Reducing intake of red meats, processed meats, and saturated and trans fats can also lead to improved fertility outcomes. Poor diet can otherwise lead to oxidative stress, which causes sperm damage, leading to lower testicular volume and lower sperm quality. Ensuring enough vitamin and mineral intake might also be recommended, since omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidant vitamins, zinc, and selenium might help reduce the damage by oxidative stress and reduce inflammation. Zinc intake can be boosted with meats and nuts, and selenium intake can be boosted with whole grains. See also
Testicular nubbin


== References ==
Simple hypoplasia
Kidneys that are small for age but still have normal renal architecture. This leads to a decrease in the number of nephrons, or functional units of the kidney. Dysplasia
Malformation of kidney or bladder architecture. A dysplastic kidney is typically small for age and may contain cysts. A multicystic dysplastic kidney is an extreme example of renal dysplasia. Isolated collecting duct dilation
Dilation of the renal pelvis, ureters, or both. Also called hydronephrosis. Anomalies of position
Kidneys and ureters located in incorrect position, including horseshoe kidney and ectopic ureters. See also
Overflow incontinence

References


== External links ==