Jean Endicott, another psychiatrist and chair of the committee, has argued that it was a valid condition from which women suffer and should be diagnosed and treated, and has claimed that if the symptoms were felt by males, far more effort and research would have been done by that moment. In the end the committee kept PMDD in the appendix.The decision has been criticized as being driven by Lillys financial interests, and possibly by financial interests of members of the committee who had received funding from Lilly. Paula Caplan, a psychologist who had served on the committee for the DSM-IV, noted at the time of the DSM-IV-TR decision that there was evidence that calcium supplements could treat PMDD but the committee gave it no attention. She had also claimed that the diagnostic category is harmful to women with PMDD, leading them to believe they are mentally ill, and potentially leading others to mistrust them in situations as important as job promotions or child custody cases. She has called PMDD a fake disorder. Nada Stotland has expressed concern that women with PMDD may actually have a more serious condition like major depressive disorder or may be facing difficult circumstances—such domestic abuse—and therefore may have their true issues remain undiagnosed and mismanaged if their gynecologist diagnoses them with PMDD and gives them drugs to treat it.The validity of PMDD was once more heavily debated when it came time to create the DSM-5 in 2008.
A preureteric vena cava, also known as a retrocaval ureter, is a rare congenital malformation of the right human ureter, in which the ureter passes behind the inferior vena cava, causing compression possibly leading to hydronephrosis. The prevalence of this condition is approximately 1 per 1,000 persons, with males 2-3 times more likely than females to develop the condition. Symptoms often do not manifest until those with the condition are aged in their 20s or 30s. References
"preureteric vena cava" (PDF). Retrieved 15 July 2019. Morganstern, S. L.; Seery, W. H.; Cole, A. T. (1977). "Preureteric vena cava". Urology. 9 (6): 664–666. doi:10.1016/0090-4295(77)90317-x. ISSN 0090-4295. PMID 883067.