Brand names
The original brandname was Fungicidin

Nyamyc
Pedi-Dri
Pediaderm AF Complete
Candistatin
Nyaderm
Bio-Statin
PMS-Nystatin
Nystan (oral tablets, topical ointment, and pessaries, formerly from Bristol-Myers Squibb)
Infestat
Nystalocal from Medinova AG
Nystamont
Nystop (topical powder, Paddock)
Nystex
Mykinac
Nysert (vaginal suppositories, Procter & Gamble)
Nystaform (topical cream, and ointment and cream combined with iodochlorhydroxyquine and hydrocortisone; formerly Bayer now Typharm Ltd)
Nilstat (vaginal tablet, oral drops, Lederle)
Korostatin (vaginal tablets, Holland Rantos)
Mycostatin (vaginal tablets, topical powder, suspension Bristol-Myers Squibb)
Mycolog-II (topical ointment, combined with triamcinolone; Apothecon)
Mytrex (topical ointment, combined with triamcinolone)
Mykacet (topical ointment, combined with triamcinolone)
Myco-Triacet II (topical ointment, combined with triamcinolone)
Flagystatin II (cream, combined with metronidazole)
Timodine (cream, combined with hydrocortisone and dimethicone)
Nistatina (oral tablets, Antibiotice Iaşi)
Nidoflor (cream, combined with neomycin sulfate and triamcinolone acetonide)
Stamicin (oral tablets, Antibiotice Iaşi)
Lystin
Animax (veterinary topical ointment or cream; combined with neomycin sulfate, thiostrepton and triamcinolone acetonide)
Nyata (topical powder)

References
External links
"Nystatin". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
More commonly, especially in chronic liver disease, hepatic encephalopathy is triggered by an additional cause, and identifying these triggers can be important to treat the episode effectively. Hepatic encephalopathy may also occur after the creation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). This is used in the treatment of refractory ascites, bleeding from oesophageal varices and hepatorenal syndrome. TIPS-related encephalopathy occurs in about 30% of cases, with the risk being higher in those with previous episodes of encephalopathy, higher age, female sex, and liver disease due to causes other than alcohol. Pathogenesis
There are various explanations why liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting might lead to encephalopathy. In healthy subjects, nitrogen-containing compounds from the intestine, generated by gut bacteria from food, are transported by the portal vein to the liver, where 80–90% are metabolised through the urea cycle and/or excreted immediately. This process is impaired in all subtypes of hepatic encephalopathy, either because the hepatocytes (liver cells) are incapable of metabolising the waste products or because portal venous blood bypasses the liver through collateral circulation or a medically constructed shunt. Nitrogenous waste products accumulate in the systemic circulation (hence the older term "portosystemic encephalopathy"). The most important waste product is ammonia (NH3). This small molecule crosses the blood–brain barrier and is absorbed and metabolised by the astrocytes, a population of cells in the brain that constitutes 30% of the cerebral cortex. Astrocytes use ammonia when synthesising glutamine from glutamate. The increased levels of glutamine lead to an increase in osmotic pressure in the astrocytes, which become swollen.