M*
(as subscript), mutated M opsin. L*
(as subscript), mutated L opsin.The following table shows the pattern of inheritance for congenital red–green colorblindness (protan/deutan) given affected, unaffected or carrier parents. When daughter 1 and daughter 2 (or son 1 and son 2) differ, this indicates a 50% chance of each outcome. Some conclusions from the table include:

A male cannot inherit colorblindness from his father. A colorblind female must have a colorblind father. A female must inherit colorblindness alleles from both parents to be colorblind. Colorblind females can only produce colorblind males. Because carrier females often have a colorblind father, colorblind males often will have a colorblind maternal grandfather (or great grandfather). In this way, colorblindness is often said to skip a generation.Note: these conclusions do not apply to other forms of colorblindness (e.g. tritanopia). Genetics of blue–yellow color blindness
Blue-yellow color blindness is a rarer form of colorblindness including tritanopia/tritanomaly. These conditions are mediated by the OPN1SW gene on Chromosome 7. Other genetic causes
Several inherited diseases are known to cause color blindness:

achromatopsia(also called rod monochromatism, stationary cone dystrophy or cone dysfunction syndrome)
cone dystrophy
cone-rod dystrophy
Lebers congenital amaurosis
retinitis pigmentosa(initially affects rods but can later progress to cones and therefore color blindness).They can be congenital (from birth) or can commence in childhood or adulthood. They can be stationary, that is, remain the same throughout a persons lifetime, or progressive. As progressive phenotypes involve deterioration of the retina and other parts of the eye, many of the above forms of color blindness can progress to legal blindness, i.e.
Café au lait spots, or café au lait macules, are flat, hyperpigmented birthmarks. The name café au lait is French for "coffee with milk" and refers to their light-brown color. Café au lait lesions with rough borders ("coast of Maine") may be seen in McCune-Albright syndrome. In contrast, Café au lait lesions of neurofibromatosis have smooth borders ("coast of California").They are caused by a collection of pigment-producing melanocytes in the epidermis of the skin.These spots are typically permanent and may grow or increase in number over time.Café au lait spots are often harmless but may be associated with syndromes such as neurofibromatosis type 1 and McCune–Albright syndrome. Cause
Café au lait spots can arise from diverse and unrelated causes:
Ataxia–telangiectasia
Basal cell nevus syndrome
Benign congenital skin lesion
Bloom syndrome
Chédiak–Higashi syndrome
Congenital melanocytic naevus
Fanconi anemia
Gaucher disease
Hunter syndrome
Jaffe–Campanacci syndrome
Legius syndrome
Maffucci syndrome
They can be caused by vitiligo in the rare McCune–Albright syndrome. Multiple mucosal neuroma syndrome
Having six or more café au lait spots greater than 5 mm in diameter before puberty, or greater than 15 mm in diameter after puberty, is a diagnostic feature of neurofibromatosis type I (NF-1), but other features are required to diagnose NF-1. Familial multiple cafe-au-lait spots have been observed without an NF-1 diagnosis. Noonan syndrome
Silver–Russell syndrome
Tuberous sclerosis
Watson syndrome
Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome

Diagnosis
Diagnosis is visual with measurement of spot size. The number of spots can have clinical significance for diagnosis of associated disorders such as Neurofibromatosis type I.