A Colles fracture is a type of fracture of the distal forearm in which the broken end of the radius is bent backwards. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, deformity, and bruising. Complications may include damage to the median nerve.It typically occurs as a result of a fall on an outstretched hand. Risk factors include osteoporosis. The diagnosis may be confirmed via X-rays. The tip of the ulna may also be broken.Treatment may include casting or surgery. Surgical reduction and casting is possible in the majority of cases in people over the age of 50. Pain management can be achieved during the reduction with procedural sedation and analgesia or a hematoma block. A year or two may be required for healing to occur.About 15% of people have a Colles fracture at some point in their life. They occur more commonly in young adults and older people than in children and middle-aged adults. Women are more frequently affected than men. The fracture is named after Abraham Colles who described it in 1814. Causes
The fracture is most commonly caused by people falling onto a hard surface and breaking their fall with outstretched hand (FOOSH)–falling with wrists flexed would lead to a Smiths fracture. Originally it was described in elderly and/or post-menopausal women. It usually occurs about three to five centimetres proximal to the radio-carpal joint with posterior and lateral displacement of the distal fragment resulting in the characteristic "dinner fork" or "bayonet" like deformity.
Significant correlation between treatment-associated molecular changes and PASI improvement was observed in the risankizumab treated patients.The efficacy, safety and tolerability was further investigated in a phase III program comprising four clinical trials which compared risankizumab to ustekinumab, adalimumab and placebo in the indication of plaque psoriasis. The results of these trials confirmed the efficacy and tolerability of risankizumab. History
Risankizumab was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in April 2019.The FDA approved risankizumab based on evidence primarily from five clinical trials (Trial 1/NCT0202684370, Trial 2/NCT02684357, Trial 3/NCT02672852, Trial 4/ NCT02694523 and Trial 5/NCT02054481) of 1606 patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. The trials were conducted in Asia, Canada, Europe, Mexico, South America, and the United States. References
External links
"Risankizumab". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.