Galantamines competitive inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and allosteric nicotinic modulation serves as a dual mechanism of action.To reduce the prevalence of negative side effects associated with galantamine, such as nausea and vomiting, a dose-escalation scheme may be used. The use of a dose-escalation scheme has been well accepted in countries where galantamine is used. A dose-escalation scheme for Alzheimers treatment involves a recommended starting dosage of 4 mg galantamine tablets given twice a day (8 mg/day). After a minimum of 4 weeks, the dosage may then be increased to 8 mg given twice a day (16 mg/day). After a minimum of 4 weeks at 16 mg/day, the treatment may be increased to 12 mg given twice a day (24 mg/day). Dosage increases are based upon the assessment of clinical benefit as well as tolerability of the previous dosage. If treatment is interrupted for more than three days, the process is usually restarted, beginning at the starting dosage, and re-escalating to the current dose. It has been found that a dosage between 16–24 mg/day is the optimal dosage. Available forms
The product is supplied in prescription form only in twice-a-day tablets, in once-a-day extended-release capsules, and in oral solution. Side effects
Galantamines side effect profile was similar to that of other cholinesterase inhibitors, with gastrointestinal symptoms being the most notable and most commonly observed. One study reports higher proportions of patients treated with galantamine experiencing nausea and vomiting as opposed to the placebo group.
Phenylephrine/ketorolac, sold under the brand name Omidria, is a combination drug used during cataract surgery or intraocular lens replacement to prevent intraoperative miosis and to reduce postoperative pain. It contains phenylephrine and ketorolac.Phenylephrine/ketorolac was approved for medical use in the United States in May 2014, and in the European Union in July 2015. References
External links
"Ketorolac mixture with phenylephrine". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.