infection of nose and nasopharynx - 70%
infection of palpebral conjunctiva - 15%

Diagnosis
History
Unilateral nasal obstruction
Epistaxis
Local pruritus
Rhinorrhea
Coryza (rhinitis) with sneezing
Post nasal discharge with cough
Foreign body sensation
History of exposure to contaminated water
Increased tearing and photo phobia in cases of infection of palpebral conjunctiva
On examination
Pink to deep red polyps
Strawberry like appearance
Bleeds easily upon manipulation
Diagnosis
confirmed by biopsy and histopathology - several round or oval sporangia and spores which may be seen bursting through its chitinous wall

Treatment
Surgical excision - wide excision with wide area electro-coagulation of the lesion base
Medical treatment is not so effective but treatment with a year-long course of dapsone has been reported
Recurrence is common

Epidemiology
Disease endemic in Chhattisgarh South India, Sri Lanka, South America and Africa. It is presumed to be transmitted by exposure to the pathogen when taking a bath in stagnant water pools where animals also bathe. References


== External links ==
Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) occurs when the abdomen becomes subject to increased pressure reaching past the point of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH). ACS is present when intra-abdominal pressure rises and is sustained at > 20 mmHg and there is new organ dysfunction or failure. ACS is classified into three groups: Primary, secondary and recurrent ACS. It is not a disease and as such it occurs in conjunction with many disease processes, either due to the primary illness or in association with treatment interventions. Specific cause of abdominal compartment syndrome is not known, although some causes can be sepsis and severe abdominal trauma. Increasing pressure reduces blood flow to abdominal organs and impairs pulmonary, cardiovascular, renal, and gastro-intestinal (GI) function, causing obstructive shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death. Causes
Peritoneal tissue edema secondary to diffuse peritonitis, abdominal trauma
Fluid therapy due to massive volume resuscitation
Retroperitoneal hematoma secondary to trauma and aortic rupture
Peritoneal trauma secondary to emergency abdominal operations
Reperfusion injury following bowel ischemia due to any cause
Retroperitoneal and mesenteric inflammatory edema secondary to acute pancreatitis
Ileus and bowel obstruction
Intra-abdominal masses of any cause
Abdominal packing for control of bleeding
Closure of the abdomen under undue tension
Ascites (intra-abdominal fluid accumulation)
Acute pancreatitis with abscesses formation

Pathophysiology
Abdominal compartment syndrome occurs when tissue fluid within the peritoneal and retroperitoneal space (either edema, retroperitoneal blood or free fluid in the abdomen) accumulates in such large volumes that the abdominal wall compliance threshold is crossed and the abdomen can no longer stretch.