There are many types of benign salivary gland tumors, with names such as adenomas, oncocytomas, Warthin tumors, and benign mixed tumors (also known as pleomorphic adenomas). Benign tumors are almost always cured by surgery. Very rarely, they may become cancer if left untreated for a long time or if they are not completely removed and grow back. Its not clear exactly how benign tumors become cancers. There are many types of salivary gland cancers. Normal salivary glands are made up of several different types of cells, and tumors can start in any of these cell types. Salivary gland cancers are named according to which of these cell types they most look like when seen under a microscope. The main types of cancers are described below. Doctors usually give salivary cancers a grade (from 1 to 3, or from low to high), based on how abnormal the cancers look under a microscope. The grade gives a rough idea of how quickly it is likely to grow and spread. Grade 1 cancers (also called low grade or well differentiated) look very much like normal salivary gland cells. They tend to grow slowly and have a good outcome (prognosis). Grade 2 cancers (also called intermediate grade or moderately differentiated) have an appearance and outlook that is between grade 1 and grade 3 cancers. Grade 3 cancers (also called high grade or poorly differentiated) look very different from normal cells and often grow and/or spread quickly.
Ischial bursitis (also known as weavers bottom) is inflammation of the synovial bursa located between gluteus maximus muscle and ischial tuberosity. Signs and symptoms
Ischial bursitis causes pain down the posterior aspect of the upper thigh. There may be pain over the ischial tuberosity. Chronic ischial bursitis may cause paraesthesia. This pain may become immediately more severe when sitting down. Cause
Ischial bursitis is usually caused by prolonged sitting on a hard surface. It may also be related to ischial apophysitis, which may be caused by exercise, particularly in young and athletic patients. Mechanism
The ischial bursa is a synovial bursa located between gluteus maximus muscle and ischial tuberosity. When in a seated position, the ischial bursa is put under the highest amount of pressure, which is most significant against a hard surface.Friction from exercise can lead to inflammation of the ischial bursa, known as bursitis. Diagnosis
Ischial bursitis is usually diagnosed clinically based on symptoms. An x-ray (using injected contrast agent) may be used to identify the formation of calluses. Treatment
Ischial bursitis is usually treated conservatively. Lifestyle changes may be advised, avoiding certain exercises and sitting on hard surfaces. Analgesics, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, may be used relieve pain.Ischial bursitis may be treated with medical and surgical interventions if it is persistent or particularly severe. Analgesics, anaesthetics, or triamcinolone may be injected to relive pain. Epidemiology
Ischial bursitis is a fairly rare illness. When a patient presents with symptoms, other conditions such as a spinal disc herniation may be considered.