History
In 1943, British neurologist James Purdon Martin and British geneticist Julia Bell described a pedigree of X-linked intellectual disability, without considering the macroorchidism (larger testicles). In 1969, Herbert Lubs first sighted an unusual "marker X chromosome" in association with intellectual disability. In 1970, Frederick Hecht coined the term "fragile site". And, in 1985, Felix F. de la Cruz outlined extensively the physical, psychological, and cytogenetic characteristics of those with the condition in addition to prospects for therapy. Continued advocacy later won him an honour through the FRAXA Research Foundation in December 1998. References
External links

CDC’s National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities
Gene Reviews
Mesh-free laparoscopic suture repair is an uncomplicated approach to small Spigelian hernias combined with the benefits of a closure without the anguish and cost associated with foreign material. Eponym
Adriaan van den Spiegel, born in Brussels, was an anatomist at the University of Padua during the 17th century. In 1619 he became a professor of surgery. Spiegel was the first to described this rare hernia in 1627. The history of the Spigelian hernia became acknowledged in 1645, twenty years after Spiegels death. In 1764, almost a century later, the Flemish anatomist, Josef Klinkosch was acknowledged for recognizing and describing a hernia located in the Spigelian fascia, and coined the term Spigelian hernia. Raveenthiran syndrome
Raveenthiran described a new syndrome in which Spigelian hernia and cryptorchidism (undescended testis) occur together. Some common complications of this distinct syndrome cryptorchidism are testicular torsion, and its link to testicular cancer. References
External links
Adriaan van den Spiegel at Who Named It? Laparoscopic Repair of Spigelian Hernia Medtube