In Japan, shinkei-suijaku is treated with Morita therapy involving mandatory rest and isolation, followed by progressively more difficult work, and a resumption of a previous social role. The diagnosis is sometimes used as a disguise for serious mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and mood disorders.In China, traditional Chinese medicine describes shenjingshuairuo as a depletion of qi "vital energy" and reduction of functioning in the  wuzang "five internal organs" (heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys). The modern CCMD classifies it as a persistent mental disorder diagnosed with three of these five symptoms: "weakness symptoms, emotional symptoms, excitement symptoms, tension-induced pain, and sleep disturbances" not caused by other conditions. Arthur Kleinman described Chinese neurasthenia as a "biculturally patterned illness experience (a special form of somatization), related to depression or other diseases or to culturally sanctioned idioms of distress and psychosocial coping." See also
Combat stress reaction
Newyorkitis
Placebo effect
Psychogenic disease

References
Further reading
Brown, EM (1980). "An American Treatment for the American Nervousness". American Association of the History of Medicine. Archived from the original on 2008-09-07. Retrieved 2008-09-11. Gijswijt-Hofstra, Marijke (2001). Cultures of Neurasthenia: From Beard to the First World War (Clio Medica 63) (Clio Medica). Rodopi Bv Editions. ISBN 978-90-420-0931-8. Gosling, F. G. Before Freud: Neurasthenia and the American Medical Community, 1870-1910. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987. Weir Mitchell, S (1884). Fat and Blood: an essay on the treatment of certain types of Neurasthenia and hysteria. Philadelphia: J. D. Lippincott & Co. Retrieved 2008-09-11. Farmer A, Jones I, Hillier J, Llewelyn M, Borysiewicz L, Smith A (October 1995).
Polyonychia also known as supernumerary nails is a condition in which two or more nails grow in the same finger or toe. Signs and symptoms
The signs/symptoms of polyonychia are very easy to detect: two or more nails growing on the same finger or toe. The nails can either be separate, small nails (micronychia) or one wide, almost complete nail, the digit affected could also be wider than normal

Causes
Polyonychia is generally caused by a congenital duplication of the distal phalange of the affected digit(s), this can be caused by congenital factors (sporadic without a genetic link) or by genetic factors (sporadic or familial with genetic link). It can also be caused by polysyndactyly, which is characterized as one normal digit being connected/webbed (syndactyly) to an extra digit (polydactyly). Polyonychia can also be acquired, such as after an accident that affected the nail bed causing it to split. This type of polyonychia is just referred to as "post-traumatic split nail" Polyonychias syndromic causes include:

Isolated congenital onychodysplasiaPolyonychias non-syndromic causes include:

Polyphalangism (more specifically of the distal phalange)
Polysyndactyly

See also
Polydactyly
Syndactyly
Polysyndactyly


== References ==