The most common cause of proteinuria is diabetes, and in any person with proteinuria and diabetes, the cause of the underlying proteinuria should be separated into two categories: diabetic proteinuria versus the field. With severe proteinuria, general hypoproteinemia can develop which results in
diminished oncotic pressure. Symptoms of diminished oncotic pressure may include ascites, edema and hydrothorax. Conditions with proteinuria
Proteinuria may be a feature of the following conditions:
Nephrotic syndromes (i.e. intrinsic kidney failure)
Pre-eclampsia
Eclampsia
Toxic lesions of kidneys
Amyloidosis
Collagen vascular diseases (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus)
Dehydration
Glomerular diseases, such as membranous glomerulonephritis, focal segmental glomerulonephritis, minimal change disease (lipoid nephrosis)
Strenuous exercise
Stress
Benign orthostatic (postural) proteinuria
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
IgA nephropathy (i.e. Bergers disease)
IgM nephropathy
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
Membranous nephropathy
Minimal change disease
Sarcoidosis
Alport syndrome
Diabetes mellitus (diabetic nephropathy)
Drugs (e.g. NSAIDs, nicotine, penicillamine, lithium carbonate, gold and other heavy metals, ACE inhibitors, antibiotics, or opiates (especially heroin)
Fabry disease
Infections (e.g. HIV, syphilis, hepatitis, poststreptococcal infection, urinary schistosomiasis)
Aminoaciduria
Fanconi syndrome in association with Wilson disease
Hypertensive nephrosclerosis
Interstitial nephritis
Sickle cell disease
Hemoglobinuria
Multiple myeloma
Myoglobinuria
Organ rejection:
Ebola virus disease
Nail–patella syndrome
Familial Mediterranean fever
HELLP syndrome
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Glycogen storage disease type 1
Goodpasture syndrome
Henoch–Schönlein purpura
A urinary tract infection which has spread to the kidney(s)
Sjögren syndrome
Post-infectious glomerulonephritis
Living kidney donor
Polycystic kidney disease

Bence–Jones proteinuria
Amyloidosis
Pre-malignant plasma cell dyscrasias:
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Smoldering multiple myeloma
Malignant plasma cell dyscrasias
Multiple myeloma
Waldenströms macroglobulinemia
Other malignancies
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Rare cases of other Lymphoid leukemias
Rare cases of Lymphomas

Pathophysiology
Protein is the building block of all living organisms. When kidneys are functioning properly by filtering the blood, they distinguish the proteins from the wastes which were previously present together in the blood.
Acantholytic dyskeratotic epidermal nevus is a cutaneous condition identical to the generalized form of Dariers disease. : 849  "Acantholytic dyskeratotic epidermal nevus" is probably the same disorder. : 849

See also
Acrokeratosis verruciformis
List of cutaneous conditions


== References ==