Sometimes called smile surgery by the media, muscle transfers grafted from the thigh to the corners of the mouth can be performed to provide the ability to smile. Although "smile surgery" may provide the ability to smile, the procedure is complex and can take twelve hours for each side of the face. Also, the surgery cannot be considered a "cure" for Möbius syndrome, because it does not improve the ability to form other facial expressions. Epidemiology
It is estimated that there are, on average, 2 to 20 cases of Möbius syndrome per million births. Although its rarity often leads to late diagnosis, infants with this disorder can be identified at birth by a "mask-like" lack of expression that is detectable during crying or laughing and by an inability to suck while nursing because of paresis (palsy) of the sixth and seventh cranial nerves. Also, because a person with Möbius syndrome cannot follow objects by moving their eyes from side to side, they turn their head instead. Society and culture
Literature and media with mentions of Möbius syndrome include:
The protagonist of the novel Painted by Eliza Wyatt and Christian Leffler has Möbius syndrome. In the second season of Scream Queens, Daira Janessen (Riley McKenna Weinstein), also known as Chanel 8, has Möbius syndrome. In the first season of American medical drama The Good Doctor, a teenage patient is depicted with Möbius syndrome. In the BBC TV series Face, Loraine Deveney, a Möbius syndrome patient, was portrayed as a successful example of "smile surgery" performed by R. M. Zuker, M.D.
Suberosis is a type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis usually caused by the fungus Penicillium glabrum (formerly called Penicillium frequentans) from exposure to moldy cork dust. Chrysonilia sitophilia, Aspergillus fumigatus, uncontaminated cork dust, and Mucor macedo may also have significant roles in the pathogenesis of the disease. Cause
Cork is often harvested from the cork oak (Quercus suber) and stored in slabs in a hot and humid environment until covered in mold. Cork workers may be exposed to organic dusts in this process, leading to this disease. Diagnosis
Chest radiography, high-resolution chest CT, pulmonary function testing, bronchofibroscopy with BAL and transbronchial biopsy, delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity tests, fungal and suberin antigen testing, immediate hypersensitivity specific skin tests, and specific bronchial challenge tests can all be used for diagnosis. Chest radiography can show fine miliary mottling. Obtaining a history of antigen exposure and asking about symptoms (e.g. dyspnea, cough) can also be useful. Treatment
Avoidance of antigen exposure is beneficial. History
Vinte-e-Um Mendes first reported respiratory disease in Portuguese cork workers in 1947 at the Portuguese Medical Reunion. Cancella dAbreu first described the disease in 1955. See also
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

References
Further reading
Cancella de Abreu, LC (1955) On a special kind of pneumoconiosis: the suberosis [in Portuguese]. Med Contemp 73,235-243


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