Complications
JIA is a chronic disorder, which if neglected, can lead to serious complications. However, with regular follow-up and modern treatments, complications have reduced and outcomes improved. If inflammation is not treated, it can damage the joint, the cartilage and the bone. With the advent of modern therapies, these complications of JIA have become much less common.Children with JIA may have a reduced overall rate of growth, especially if the disease involves many joints or other body systems. This may be due to a combination of the disease itself, as well as its treatments, particularly corticosteroid use. Paradoxically, limbs where a large joint (such as the knee) is inflamed may have increased growth in the short term, leading to limb-length discrepancy (i.e. one arm or leg is slightly longer than the other). This is due to increased blood supply to the bony growth plates surrounding the inflamed joints. Bone density and bone strength may be reduced through a combination of inflammation, corticosteroid use and reduced physical activity levels. Other musculoskeletal complications may include joint contractures, muscle weakness or muscle wasting.Uveitis, if left untreated, can result in scarring, glaucoma, cataracts, and even blindness. Regular monitoring allows for early detection and treatment. Steroid eye drops are usually the first line treatment for anterior uveitis. However, other treatments – many of which also treat arthritis (e.g. methotrexate, biologics) – may be required to keep the inflammation under control, and to minimise steroid use over the longer term.
Similarly, an enlarged right supraclavicular lymph node tends to drain thoracic malignancies such as lung and esophageal cancer, as well as Hodgkins lymphoma. History
Virchows nodes are named after Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902), the German pathologist who first described the nodes and their association with gastric cancer in 1848. The French pathologist Charles Emile Troisier noted in 1889 that other abdominal cancers, too, could spread to the nodes. Additional images
References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 697 of the 20th edition of Grays Anatomy (1918)

Further reading
Cervin, J. R.; Silverman, J. F.; Loggie, B. W.; Geisinger, K. R. (1995). "Virchows node revisited. Analysis with clinicopathologic correlation of 152 fine-needle aspiration biopsies of supraclavicular lymph nodes". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 119 (8): 727–30. PMID 7646330. INIST:3670181 NAID 10026546830. Negus, D; Edwards, J M; Kinmonth, J B (7 December 2005). "Filling of cervical and mediastinal nodes from the thoracic duct and the physiology of virchows node—studies by lymphography". British Journal of Surgery. 57 (4): 267–271. doi:10.1002/bjs.1800570407. PMID 5437920. S2CID 19698597. Mizutani, Masaomi; Nawata, Shin-ichi; Hirai, Ichiro; Murakami, Gen; Kimura, Wataru (December 2005). "Anatomy and histology of Virchows node". Anatomical Science International. 80 (4): 193–198. doi:10.1111/j.1447-073x.2005.00114.x. PMID 16333915. S2CID 40130186. External links
synd/1222 at Who Named It? Image at umich.edu - must rollover
https://web.archive.org/web/20080216031919/http://www.med.mun.ca/anatomyts/head/hnl3a.htm
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