In following generations, the severity of the clinical symptoms increases. Prenatal diagnosis
Mutations in the main genes responsible for TCS can be detected with chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis. Rare mutations may not be detected by these methods. Ultrasonography can be used to detect craniofacial abnormalities later in pregnancy, but may not detect milder cases. Clinical findings
TCS is often first suspected with characteristic symptoms observed during a physical exam. However, the clinical presentation of TCS can resemble other diseases, making diagnosis difficult. The OMENS classification was developed as a comprehensive and stage-based approach to differentiate the diseases.
Amlodipine, sold under the brand name Norvasc among others, is a calcium channel blocker medication used to treat high blood pressure and coronary artery disease. It is taken by mouth.Common side effects include swelling, feeling tired, abdominal pain, and nausea. Serious side effects may include low blood pressure or heart attack. Whether use is safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding is unclear. When used by people with liver problems, and in elderly individuals, doses should be reduced. Amlodipine works partly by increasing the size of arteries. It is a long-acting calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine type.Amlodipine was patented in 1982, and approved for medical use in 1990. It is on the World Health Organizations List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2020, it was the fifth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 69 million prescriptions. Medical uses
Amlodipine is used in the management of hypertension and coronary artery disease in people with either stable angina (where chest pain occurs mostly after physical or emotional stress) or vasospastic angina (where it occurs in cycles) and without heart failure. It can be used as either monotherapy or combination therapy for the management of hypertension or coronary artery disease. Amlodipine can be administered to adults and children 6–17 years of age. Calcium channel blockers, including amlodipine, may provide greater protection against stroke than other classes of blood pressure-lowering medications.Amlodipine along with other calcium channel blockers are considered the first choice in the pharmacological management of Raynauds phenomenon.