Cytoreductive therapy
In cases of advanced systemic mastocytosis or rare cases with indolent systemic mastocytosis with very troublesome symptoms, cytoreductive therapy can be indicated. ɑ-interferon. Given as subcutaneous injections. Side effects include fatigue and influenza-like symptoms
Cladribine (CdA). Chemotherapy which is given as subcutaneous injections. Side effects include immunodeficiency and infections. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI)
Midostaurin. TKI acting on many different tyrosine kinases, approved by FDA and EMA for advanced mastocytosis
Imatinib. Can have effect in rare cases without mutation in KIT(D816V)
Masitinib. Is being tested in trials. Not approved. Midostaurin - 60% respond. Avapritinib in trials; currently being tested but showing promise in reduction of tryptase levels.Allogeneic stem cell transplantation has been used in rare cases with aggressive systemic mastocytosis in patients deemed to be fit for the procedure. Other
Treatment with ultraviolet light can relieve skin symptoms, but may increase the risk of skin cancer. Prognosis
Patients with indolent systemic mastocytosis have a normal life expectancy. The prognosis for patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis differs depending on type of disease with MCL being the most serious form with short survival. Epidemiology
The true incidence and prevalence of mastocytosis is unknown, but mastocytosis generally has been considered to be an "orphan disease"; orphan diseases affect 200,000 or fewer people in the United States. Mastocytosis, however, often may be misdiagnosed, as it typically occurs secondary to another condition, and thus may occur more frequently than assumed.
Environment
Fluvoxamine is a common finding in waters near human settlement. Christensen et al. 2007 finds it is "very toxic to aquatic organisms" by European Union standards. References
External links
"Fluvoxamine". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.