By contrast, an open surgical procedure such as a laparotomy requires a large incision to access the area of interest. By equipment used: Laser surgery involves use of a laser for cutting tissue instead of a scalpel or similar surgical instruments. Microsurgery involves the use of an operating microscope for the surgeon to see small structures. Robotic surgery makes use of a surgical robot, such as the Da Vinci or the ZEUS robotic surgical systems, to control the instrumentation under the direction of the surgeon. Terminology
Excision surgery names often start with a name for the organ to be excised (cut out) and end in -ectomy. Procedures involving cutting into an organ or tissue end in -otomy. A surgical procedure cutting through the abdominal wall to gain access to the abdominal cavity is a laparotomy. Minimally invasive procedures, involving small incisions through which an endoscope is inserted, end in -oscopy. For example, such surgery in the abdominal cavity is called laparoscopy. Procedures for formation of a permanent or semi-permanent opening called a stoma in the body end in -ostomy. Reconstruction, plastic or cosmetic surgery of a body part starts with a name for the body part to be reconstructed and ends in -oplasty. Rhino is used as a prefix for "nose", therefore a rhinoplasty is reconstructive or cosmetic surgery for the nose. Repair of damaged or congenital abnormal structure ends in -rraphy.
Livedoid vasculopathy  is a chronic cutaneous disease seen predominantly in young to middle-aged women. One acronym used to describe its features is "Painful purpuric ulcers with reticular pattern of the lower extremities" (PURPLE). It can be divided into a primary (or idiopathic) form and a secondary form, which has been associated with a number of diseases, including chronic venous hypertension and varicosities. : 343

See also
List of cutaneous conditions
Livedo
Livedo reticularis
Livedoid dermatitis

References
External links

DermNet vascular/livedoid-vasculitis