Salpingitis is an infection causing inflammation in the Fallopian tubes (also called salpinges). It is often included in the umbrella term of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), along with endometritis, oophoritis, myometritis, parametritis, and peritonitis. Signs and symptoms
The symptoms usually appear after a menstrual period. The most common are:
an abnormal smell and colour of vaginal discharge, fever, nausea, vomiting, bloating, and frequent urination. Pain may be felt during ovulation, during periods, during sexual intercourse, on both sides of the abdomen, and lower back. Causes
The infection usually has its origin in the vagina and ascends to the Fallopian tube from there. Because the infection can spread via the lymph vessels, infection in one Fallopian tube usually leads to infection of the other. Risk factors
Its been theorized that retrograde menstrual flow and the cervix opening during menstruation allows the infection to reach the Fallopian tubes. Other risk factors include surgical procedures that break the cervical barrier, such as:

endometrial biopsy
curettage
hysteroscopyAnother risk is factors that alter the microenvironment in the vagina and cervix, allowing infecting organisms to proliferate and eventually ascend to the Fallopian tube:

antibiotic treatment
ovulation
menstruation
sexually transmitted disease (STD)Finally, sexual intercourse may facilitate the spread of disease from the vagina to the Fallopian tube. Coital risk factors are:

Uterine contractions
Sperm, carrying organisms upward

Bacterial species
The bacteria most associated with salpingitis are:
N. gonorrhoeae
Chlamydia trachomatis
Mycoplasma
Staphylococcus
StreptococcusHowever, salpingitis is usually polymicrobial, involving many kinds of pathogens such as Ureaplasma urealyticum, and anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. Diagnosis
Salpingitis may be diagnosed by pelvic examination, blood tests, and/or a vaginal or cervical swab.
With 3 episodes of salpingitis, the risk is 40-60%, although the exact risk depends on the severity of each episode.Damaged oviducts from salpingitis increase the risk of an ectopic pregnancy by 7-10 fold. Half of ectopic pregnancies are due to a salpingitis infection.Other complications are:
Infection of ovaries and uterus
Infection of sex partners
An abscess on the ovary
Internal scars resulting in Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome of the liver

Treatment
Salpingitis is most commonly caused by bacteria and typically treated with antibiotics. In other animals
E. coli, Gallibacterium and other bacteria can cause salpingitis in chickens and other poultry. This can result in lower egg production. Dairy cows can also have salpingitis. References


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