Neurofeedback has greater treatment effects than non-active controls for up to 6 months and possibly a year following treatment, and may have treatment effects comparable to active controls (controls proven to have a clinical effect) over that time period. Despite efficacy in research, there is insufficient regulation of neurofeedback practice, leading to ineffective applications and false claims regarding innovations. Parent training may improve a number of behavioral problems including oppositional and non-compliant behaviors.There is little high-quality research on the effectiveness of family therapy for ADHD—but the existing evidence shows that it is similar to community care, and better than placebo. ADHD-specific support groups can provide information and may help families cope with ADHD.Social skills training, behavioral modification, and medication may have some limited beneficial effects in peer relationships. Stable, high-quality friendships with non-deviant peers protect against later psychological problems. Medication
Stimulants
Methylphenidate and amphetamine or its derivatives are first-line treatments for ADHD as they are considered the most effective pharmaceutical treatments. About 70 percent respond to the first stimulant tried and as few as 10 percent respond to neither amphetamines nor methylphenidate. Stimulants may also reduce the risk of unintentional injuries in children with ADHD. Magnetic resonance imaging studies suggest that long-term treatment with amphetamine or methylphenidate decreases abnormalities in brain structure and function found in subjects with ADHD.
Early onset dementia is dementia in which symptoms first appear before the age of 65. The term favored until about 2000 was presenile dementia; young onset dementia is also used.Early onset dementia may be caused by degenerative or vascular disease, or it may be due to other causes, such as alcohol-related dementia and other inflammatory or infectious processes. Early-onset Alzheimers disease, vascular dementia and frontotemporal lobar degeneration are the most common forms of early onset dementia, with Alzheimers accounting for between 30 and 40%. Early onset dementia may also occur, less frequently, in the Lewy body dementias (dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinsons disease dementia), multiple sclerosis, Huntingtons disease and other conditions. References
Further reading
Collins JD, Henley SM, Suárez-González A (July 2020). "A systematic review of the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and apathy in frontotemporal dementia, atypical and young-onset Alzheimers disease, and inherited dementia". Int Psychogeriatr (Review): 1–20. doi:10.1017/S1041610220001118. PMID 32684177. S2CID 220653830. Ducharme S, Dols A, Laforce R,  et al. (June 2020). "Recommendations to distinguish behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia from psychiatric disorders". Brain (Review). 143 (6): 1632–1650. doi:10.1093/brain/awaa018. PMC 7849953. PMID 32129844. Nwadiugwu M (September 2021). "Early-onset dementia: key issues using a relationship-centred care approach". Postgrad Med J (Review). 97 (1151): 598–604. doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138517. PMC 8408578. PMID 32883770. Roman de Mettelinge T, Calders P, Cambier D (2021). "The Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Patients with Early-Onset Dementia: A Scoping Review". Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord (Review). 50 (1): 9–16. doi:10.1159/000516231. PMID 33957623. S2CID 233983643.