In order to guide the dissection and make sure the correct location of these tissues, marking of the inframammary crease is required before operation. See also
Amazia
Athelia
Micromastia

References


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Therefore, a hemi-section lesion to the spinal cord will demonstrate loss of these modalities on the contralateral side of the lesion, while preserving them on the ipsilateral side. Upon touching this side, the patient will not be able to localize where they were touched, only that they were touched. This is because fine touch fibers are carried in the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway. The fibers in this pathway decussate at the level of the medulla. Therefore, a hemi-section lesion of the spinal cord will demonstrate loss of fine touch on ipsilateral side (preserved on the contralateral side) and crude touch (destruction of the decussated spinothalamic fibers from the contralateral side) on the contralateral side.Pure Brown-Séquard syndrome is associated with the following:
Interruption of the lateral corticospinal tracts:
Ipsilateral spastic paralysis below the level of the lesion
Babinski sign ipsilateral to lesion
Abnormal reflexes and Babinski sign may not be present in acute injury
Interruption of posterior white column:
Ipsilateral loss of tactile discrimination, vibratory, and position sensation below the level of the lesion
Interruption of lateral spinothalamic tracts:
Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation. This usually occurs 2–3 segments below the level of the lesion. Treatment
Treatment is directed at the pathology causing the paralysis. If the syndrome is caused by a spinal fracture, this should be identified and treated appropriately. Although steroids may be used to decrease cord swelling and inflammation, the usual therapy for spinal cord injury is expectant.