Conductive cooling methods such as ice-water immersion should also be used, if possible. Evaporative and convective cooling by a combination of cool water spray or cold compresses with constant air flow over the body, such as with a fan or air-conditioning unit, is also an effective alternative. The person should not be wrapped in wet towels or clothing as this can act as insulation and increase the body temperature.Aggressive ice-water immersion remains the gold standard for life-threatening heat stroke. This method may require the effort of several people and the person should be monitored carefully during the treatment process. Immersion should be avoided for an unconscious person, but if there is no alternative, the persons head must be held above water. Immersion in very cold water was once thought to be counterproductive by reducing blood flow to the skin and thereby preventing heat from escaping the body core. However, research has shown that this mechanism does not play a dominant role in the decrease in core body temperature brought on by cold water. Dantrolene, a muscle relaxant used to treat other forms of hyperthermia, is not an effective treatment for heat stroke.Hydration is important in cooling the person. In mild cases of concomitant dehydration, this can be achieved by drinking water, or commercial isotonic sports drinks may be used as a substitute. In either exercise- or heat-induced dehydration, electrolyte imbalance can result, and can be worsened by excess consumption of water. Hyponatremia can be corrected by intake of hypertonic fluids.
Society and culture
Legal status
On 16 December 2021, and on 24 February 2022, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP)  of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Padcev, intended for the treatment of adults with urothelial cancer. The applicant for this medicinal product is Astellas Pharma Europe B.V. Enfortumab vedotin was approved for medical use in the European Union in April 2022. Names
Enfortumab vedotin is the international nonproprietary name (INN), and the United States Adopted Name (USAN). References
External links
"Enfortumab vedotin". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.