In addition to its medical use, testosterone undecanoate is used to improve physique and performance. The drug is a controlled substance in many countries and so non-medical use is generally illicit. Medical dosage
Testosterone undecanoate is used in androgen replacement therapy. It is specifically approved only for the treatment of hypogonadism. As an intramuscular injection, it is administered at a dosage of 1,000 mg once every 12 weeks. Conversely, oral testosterone undecanoate must be taken two or three times a day with food. Side effects
Side effects of testosterone undecanoate include virilization among others. Anaphylaxis
The Reandron 1000 formulation (Nebido in the United States) contains 1,000 mg of testosterone undecanoate suspended in castor oil with benzyl benzoate for solubilization and as a preservative, and is administered by intramuscular injection. As an excipient in Reandron 1000, benzyl benzoate has been reported as a cause of anaphylaxis (a serious life-threatening allergic reaction) in a case in Australia. Bayer includes this report in information for health professionals and recommends that physicians "should be aware of the potential for serious allergic reactions" to preparations of this type. In Australia, reports to the Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee (ADRAC), which evaluates reports of adverse drug reactions for the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), show several reports of allergic reactions since the anaphylaxis case from 2011. Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
Testosterone undecanoate is a prodrug of testosterone and is an androgen and anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS). That is, it is an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR).
Trifarotene, sold under the brand name Aklief, is a medication for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris. It is a retinoid; more specifically, it is a fourth generation selective retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-γ agonist.Trifarotene was granted orphan drug designation for the treatment of congenital ichthyosis by both the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). It was approved for medical use in the United States in October 2019. In December 2019, its labelling and package leaflet text received a decentralised approval for 16 European countries. Medical uses
In the United States, trifarotene is indicated for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris in people nine years of age and older.In both Canada and Australia, it is indicated for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris of the face and/or the trunk in people twelve years of age and older. Society and culture
Legal status
Trifarotene was approved for medical use in the United States in October 2019, in Canada in November 2019, and in Australia in January 2021. References
External links
"Trifarotene". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).