Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) is a form of angiomatosis associated with bacteria of the genus Bartonella. Symptoms
Cutaneous BA is characterised by the presence of lesions on or under the skin. Appearing in numbers from one to hundreds, these lesions may take several forms:
papules or nodules which are red, globular and non-blanching, with a vascular appearance
purplish nodules sufficiently similar to Kaposis sarcoma that a biopsy may be required to verify which of the two it is
a purplish lichenoid plaque
a subcutaneous nodule which may have ulceration, similar to a bacterial abscessWhile cutaneous BA is the most common form, it can also affect several other parts of the body, such as the brain, bone, bone marrow, lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, spleen, and liver. Symptoms vary depending on which parts of the body are affected; for example, those whose livers are affected may have an enlarged liver and fever, while those with osseous BA  experience intense pain in the affected area. Presentation
BA is characterised by the proliferation of blood vessels, resulting in them forming tumour-like masses in the skin and other organs. Causes
It is caused by either Bartonella henselae or B. quintana. B.  henselae is most often transmitted through a cat scratch or bite, though ticks and fleas may also act as vectors. B. quintana is usually transmitted by lice.It can manifest in people with AIDS and rarely appears in those who are immunocompetent. Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical features and biopsy. Neutrophilic infiltrate.
By using Southern blot analysis of leukocytes, it was revealed that the patients (on average) had expanded repeats ranging from 280 to 380 bp which was the equivalent of more than 90 repeats of CGG, when the LRP12 gene of 1,000 control subjects was tested with the same method, it was revealed that they (on average) had between 13 and 45 repeat units of the same nucleotides, with the exception of two out of the 1,000 controls, who had expanded repeats without any symptoms of the condition.In 2020, Deng et al. discovered beterozygous trinucleotide repeat expansions in the 5-prime untranslayed region of the GIPC1 gene of multiple affected members from 3 Chinese families, this trinucleotide sequence consisted of two Gs (guanine) and one C (cytosine). This mutation was later identified by the same team of researchers in 16 patients, of which 9 were Chinese and 7 were Japanese.In 2020, Ogasawara et al. discovered heterozygous trinucleotide repeat expansions in the non-coding region of the NOTCH2NLC gene of 7 un-related Japanese patients with the condition, the trinucleotide sequence consisted of one C (cytosine) and two Gs (guanine), all 5 patients had more than 100 repeats of the trinucleotide sequence, one of which had two expansions consisting of 217 and 674 repeats. See also
Myopathy
Familial episodic pain syndrome


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