These forms of treatment have been shown to prevent sudden cardiac death, improve symptoms, and reduce hospitalization in patients with systolic heart failure. In addition, an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator should be considered as a therapeutic option for the primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients with a confirmed LMNA mutation responsible for dilated cardiomyopathy disease phenotype and clinical risk factors. A novel risk score calculator has been developed that allows calculation of risk of sustained ventricular arrhythmia in the next 5 years in patients with DCM  https://www.ikard.pl/SVA/

Surgical treatment
In patients with advanced disease who are refractory to medical therapy, heart transplantation may be considered. For these people, 1-year survival approaches 90% and over 50% survive greater than 20 years. Epidemiology
Although the disease is more common in African-Americans than in Caucasians, it may occur in any patient population. Research directions
Therapies that support reverse remodeling have been investigated, and this may suggests a new approach to the prognosis of cardiomyopathies (see ventricular remodeling). Animals
In some types of animals, both a hereditary and acquired version of dilated cardiomyopathy has been documented. Dogs
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a heritable disease in some dog breeds, including the Boxer, Dobermann, Great Dane, Irish Wolfhound, and St Bernard.
As it is so heavily bound to plasma proteins haemodialysis is unlikely to be helpful in cases of overdose.Early symptoms of overdose can include:

It is worth noting, however, that may of these symptoms are also indicative of kidney failure and hence may be masked by the patients condition.Late symptoms of overdose include:

Mechanism of action
Like 1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol, paricalcitol acts as an agonist at the vitamin D receptor and thereby lowers parathyroid hormone levels in the blood. Pharmacokinetics
The plasma concentration of paricalcitol decreases rapidly and log-linearly within two hours after initial intravenous administration. Therefore, it is not expected to accumulate with multiple dosing, since paricalcitol is usually given no more frequently than every other day (3 times per week). == References ==