It is also contraindicated in people with severe liver impairment and after the 16th week of pregnancy. Side effects
Minocycline may cause upset stomach, diarrhea, dizziness, unsteadiness, drowsiness, mouth sores, headache, and vomiting. It increases sensitivity to sunlight, and may affect the quality of sleep and rarely causes sleep disorders. It has also been linked to cases of lupus. Prolonged use of minocycline  can lead to blue-gray staining of skin, fingernails, and  scar tissue. This staining is not permanent, but can take a very long time for the skin color to return to normal; however, a muddy brown skin color in sun-exposed areas is usually permanent. Permanent blue discoloration of gums or teeth discoloration may also occur. Rare but serious side effects include fever, yellowing of the eyes or skin, stomach pain, sore throat, vision changes, and mental changes, including depersonalization.Occasionally, minocycline therapy may result in autoimmune disorders such as drug-related lupus and autoimmune hepatitis, which usually occurs in men who also developed minocycline-induced lupus; however, women are more likely to develop minocycline-induced lupus. Significant or complete recovery occurs in most people who develop minocycline-induced autoimmune problems within a period of a few weeks to a year of cessation of minocycline therapy. Autoimmune problems emerge during chronic therapy, but can sometimes occur after only short courses of a couple of weeks of therapy.
Treatment
While treatment will vary depending on the cause of the condition, it may include antibiotics or antifungal medication. Actinomycetoma, the bacterial form, can be cured with antibiotics. Eumycetoma, the fungal form, is treated with antifungals. Surgery in the form of bone resection may be necessary in late presenting cases or to enhance the effects of medical treatment. In the more extensive cases amputation is another surgical treatment option. For both forms, extended treatment is necessary. Epidemiology
Mycetoma is endemic in some regions of the tropics and subtropics. India, Sub-Saharan Africa as Sudan, and Mexico are most affected. Pakistan is probably a moderate-endemic country. Sporadic cases have been reported across some North African countries. Egypt is probably a low-endemic country. Other animals
In cats, mycetoma can be treated with complete surgical removal. Antifungal drugs are rarely effective. References
External links
DermNet NZ: an online resource about skin diseases from the New Zealand Dermatological Society Incorporated. Orphanet: a reference portal from Europe that provides information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. ClinicalTrials.gov: a list of clinical trials related to mycetoma.