With an overall risk of death of the fetus due to the repeated procedures of about 3% (17 deaths out of 485 pregnancies).In addition, given the short life span of transfused platelets, transfusions are needed regularly, increasing the overall risk of death of the baby. If intrauterine platelet transfusions are performed, they are generally repeated weekly (platelet lifespan after transfusion is approximately 8 to 10 days). Platelets administered to the fetus must be negative for the culprit antigen (often HPA-1a, as stated above). Many blood suppliers (such as American Red Cross; NHS Blood and Transplant; United Blood Services) have identified HPA-1a and 5b negative donors. An alternative donor is a mother who is, of course, negative for the culprit antigen. However, she must meet general criteria for donation and platelets received from the mother must be washed to remove the offending alloantibody and irradiated to reduce the risk of graft-versus-host disease. If platelet transfusions are needed urgently, incompatible platelets may be used, with the understanding that they may be less effective and that the administration of any blood product carries risk.Any administered cellular blood products must be irradiated to reduce the risk of graft-versus-host disease in the fetus. Additionally, all administered blood products should be CMV reduced-risk (CMV seronegative and leukoreduced are considered essentially equivalent for the purposes of CMV risk reduction). Non-invasive management
The use of Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) during pregnancy and immediately after birth has been shown to help reduce or alleviate the effects of NAIT in infants and reduce the severity of thrombocytopenia.
Biphenotypic acute leukaemia (BAL) is an uncommon type of leukemia which arises in multipotent progenitor cells which have the ability to differentiate into both myeloid and lymphoid lineages. It is a subtype of "leukemia of ambiguous lineage".The direct reasons leading to BAL are still not clear. BAL can be de novo or secondary to previous cytotoxic therapy. Many factors, such viruses, hereditary factors, and radiation, might have a relationship with BAL. BAL is hard to treat. Usually the chemotherapy is chosen according to the morphology of the blast (ALL or AML). A blood-forming stem-cell transplantation is highly recommended. About 5% of acute leukaemia cases are BAL. BAL can occur in all ages of people but occurs more in adults than in children. Signs and symptoms
BAL has similar symptoms to other types of leukemia, but they are usually more serious. Symptoms caused by bone marrow damage
Bruising, spotting: the reason is lack of platelets. it is very common in BAL patients, most of patients die due to the
A low level of red blood cells in the bloodstream: Because the decline of hematopoietic function, need blood transfusion therapy
Persistent fever, infection prolonged healing:
Diffuse hemorrhage: which is dangerous and might lead to death. Symptoms caused by blood cancer cells infiltration into tissues:
Swollen lymph nodes
Joint pain
Swelling of the gums
Enlargement of the liver and spleen
Headache and vomiting: blood cancer infiltration into the wear performance of the central nervous system. Skin lumps: Because look was slightly green, also known as the "Green tumor."