They were the only affected people with the disorder in their family.The fifth case report was a re-examination of the Swedish family reported in 1940 by Samuelson et al. The phenotypical variability rate among affected family members was found to be high. Additional details were revealed in this reexamination of the family; the proband of the original study (whom had been long dead) was found to not only suffer from the typical deafness-visual  impairment phenotype commonly associated with the syndrome, but they also had hallucinations and depression. 4 of their other family members had underwent therapy for anxiety and 1 of their family members had died as a result of suicide. Visual/ocular features included optic atrophy which resulted in progressively lower visual acuity among those with the condition and glaucoma, which was highly treatable. Relation with Wolfram syndrome
Although both conditions are caused by a mutation in the WFS1 gene, they have different phenotypical features and different inheritance patterns, for example; while Wolfram syndrome tends to follow an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, Wolfram-like syndrome follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Symptoms are another example of the difference between Wolfram syndrome and Wolfram-like syndrome; intellectual disabilities, ataxia, anosmia, ageusia, and/or sleep apnea, alongside other cardiac and/or endocrine symptoms are features that, while present in some to most cases of Wolfram syndrome, are absent in those with Wolfram-like syndrome, onset of certain symptoms also differs between patients with Wolfram syndrome and patients with Wolfram-like syndrome. Hearing impairments arent present in every person with Wolfram-like syndrome either.
As of July 2019, both girls remain healthy and the family planned to return to their home in Pakistan in 2020. History
The Moche culture of ancient Peru depicted conjoined twins in their ceramics dating back to 300 CE. Writing around 415 CE, St. Augustine of Hippo, in his book, City of God, refers to a man "double in his upper, but single in his lower half—having two heads, two chests, four hands, but one body and two feet like an ordinary man. "According to Theophanes the Confessor, a Byzantine historian of the 9th century, around 385/386 CE, "in the village of Emmaus in Palestine, a child was born perfectly normal below the navel but divided above it, so that it had two chests and two heads, each possessing the senses. One would eat and drink but the other did not eat; one would sleep but the other stayed awake. There were times when they played with each other, when both cried and hit each other. They lived for a little over two years. One died while the other lived for another four days and it, too, died. "In Arabia, the twin brothers Hashim ibn Abd Manaf and Abd Shams were born with Hashims leg attached to his twin brothers head.