The cumulative risk for cancer was 40% and 76% at ages 40 and 70, respectively. 42 (32%) of the patients died during the study, of which 28 (67%) were cancer related. They died at a median age of 45. Mortality was increased compared with the general population.A family with sinonasal polyposis were followed up for 28 years. Two cases of sinonasal type adenocarcinoma developed. This is a rare cancer. This report suggested that follow up of sinus polyps in this syndrome may be indicated. Monitoring
Some suggestions for surveillance for cancer include the following:
Small intestine with small bowel radiography every 2 years,
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy every 2 years,
CT scan or MRI of the pancreas yearly,
Ultrasound of the pelvis and testes yearly
Mammography from age 25 annually
Papanicolaou smear (Pap smear) annually beginning at age 18-20Follow-up care should be supervised by a physician familiar with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome. Genetic consultation and counseling as well as urological and gynecological consultations are often needed. Eponym
First described in a published case report in 1921 by Jan Peutz (1886–1957), a Dutch Internist, it was later formalized into the syndrome by American physicians at Boston City Hospital, Harold Joseph Jeghers (1904–1990) and Kermit Harry Katz (1914–2003), and Victor Almon McKusick (1921–2008) in 1949 and published in the New England Journal of Medicine. See also
List of cutaneous conditions
Sex cord tumour with annular tubules

References
External links

GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome – Genetics Home Reference
On fetal heart tracing (a linear recording of the fetal heart rate) this would usually look like moderate to severe variable decelerations. In overt cord prolapse, the cord can be seen or felt on the vulva or vagina.A majority of umbilical cord prolapse cases happen during the second stage of labor. Risk factors
Risk factors that are associated with umbilical cord prolapse tend to make it difficult for the baby from appropriately engaging and filling the maternal pelvis or are related to abnormalities of the umbilical cord. The two major categories of risk factors are spontaneous and iatrogenic (those that result from medical intervention). spontaneous factors:
fetal malpresentation: abnormal fetal lie tends to result in space below the baby in the maternal pelvis, which can then be occupied by the cord. polyhydramnios, or an abnormally high amount of amniotic fluid
prematurity: likely related to increased chance of malpresentation and relative polyhydramnios. low birth weight: usually described as <2500g at birth, though some studies will use <1500g. Cause is likely similar to those for prematurity. multiple gestation, or being pregnant with more than one baby at a given time: more likely to occur in the baby that is not born first. spontaneous rupture of membranes: about half of prolapses occur within 5 minutes of membrane rupture, two-thirds within 1 hour, 95% within 24 hours.