Cervical lymphadenopathy refers to lymphadenopathy of the cervical lymph nodes (the glands in the neck). The term lymphadenopathy strictly speaking refers to disease of the lymph nodes, though it is often used to describe the enlargement of the lymph nodes. Similarly, the term lymphadenitis refers to inflammation of a lymph node, but often it is used as a synonym of lymphadenopathy. Cervical lymphadenopathy is a sign or a symptom, not a diagnosis. The causes are varied, and may be inflammatory, degenerative, or neoplastic. In adults, healthy lymph nodes can be palpable (able to be felt), in the axilla, neck and groin. In children up to the age of 12 cervical nodes up to 1 cm in size may be palpable and this may not signify any disease. If nodes heal by resolution or scarring after being inflamed, they may remain palpable thereafter. In children, most palpable cervical lymphadenopathy is reactive or infective. In individuals over the age of 50, metastatic enlargement from cancers (most commonly squamous cell carcinomas) of the aerodigestive tract should be considered. Classification
Cervical lymphadenopathy can be thought of as local where only the cervical lymph nodes are affected, or general where all the lymph nodes of the body are affected. Causes
Infection
Pericoronitis
Staphylococcal lymphadenitis
Mycobacterial lymphadenitis
Rubella
Cat scratch fever
Infectious mononucleosis
Streptococcal pharyngitis
Viral respiratory infection
Toxoplasmosis
Tuberculosis
Brucellosis
Primary herpes simplex infection (primary herpetic gingivostomatitis)
Syphilis (secondary)
Cytomegalovirus
Human immunodeficiency virus
Histoplasmosis
Chicken pox

Malignancy
Lymph nodes may become enlarged in malignant disease. This cervical lymphadenopathy may be reactive or metastatic.
Pacman dysplasia  is a lethal autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia. The dysplasia is present during fetal development. References
Wilcox WR, Wenger DA, Lachman RS, Rimoin DL (2005). "Distinguishing Pacman dysplasia from mucolipidosis II: comment on Saul et al. [2005]". Am J Med Genet A. 135 (3): 333. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.30717. PMID 15887286. S2CID 38848656. Saul RA, Proud V, Taylor HA, Leroy JG, Spranger J (2005). "Prenatal mucolipidosis type II (I-cell disease) can present as Pacman dysplasia". Am J Med Genet A. 135 (3): 328–32. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.30716. PMID 15887289. S2CID 2151584. Wilcox WR, Lucas BC, Loebel B, Bachman RP, Lachman RS, Rimoin DL (1998). "Pacman dysplasia: report of two affected sibs". Am J Med Genet. 77 (4): 272–6. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19980526)77:4<272::AID-AJMG4>3.0.CO;2-P. PMID 9600734. Shohat M, Rimoin DL, Gruber HE, Lachman R (1993). "New epiphyseal stippling syndrome with osteoclastic hyperplasia". Am J Med Genet. 45 (5): 558–61. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320450506. PMID 8456823. Miller SF, Proud VK, Werner AL, Field FM, Wilcox WF, Lachman RS, Rimoin DL (2003). "Pacman dysplasia: a lethal skeletal dysplasia with variable radiographic features". Pediatr Radiol. 33 (4): 256–60. doi:10.1007/s00247-002-0859-4. PMID 12709756. S2CID 185059. External links

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): 167220