Hypokinesia is one of the classifications of movement disorders, and refers to decreased bodily movement. Hypokinesia is characterized by a partial or complete loss of muscle movement due to a disruption in the basal ganglia. Hypokinesia is a symptom of Parkinsons disease shown as muscle rigidity and an inability to produce movement. It is also associated with mental health disorders and prolonged inactivity due to illness, amongst other diseases. The other category of movement disorder is hyperkinesia that features an exaggeration of unwanted movement, such as twitching or writhing in Huntingtons disease or Tourette syndrome. Spectrum of disorders
Hypokinesia describes a variety of more specific disorders:

Causes
The most common cause of Hypokinesia is Parkinsons disease, and conditions related to Parkinsons disease. Other conditions may also cause slowness of movements. These include hypothyroidism and severe depression. These conditions need to be carefully ruled out, before a diagnosis of Parkinsonism is made. The remainder of this article describes Hypokinesia associated with Parkinsons disease, and conditions related to Parkinsons disease. Pathophysiology
Associated neurotransmitters
Dopamine
The main neurotransmitter thought to be involved in hypokinesia is dopamine. Essential to the basal ganglionic-thalamocortical loop, which processes motor function, dopamine depletion is common in these areas of hypokinesic patients. Bradykinesia is correlated with lateralized dopaminergic depletion in the substantia nigra. The dopamine pathway in the substantia nigra is essential to motor function, and commonly a lesion in this area correlates with displayed hypokinesia.
Diuretics: Patients treated with fenoprofen may be resistant to the effects of loop diuretics and thiazides. Hydantoins, sulfonamides, sulfonylureas: Fenoprofen may displace these drugs from their binding site. Lithium: Renal Cl of lithium may be reduced and plasma levels may be elevated, which may increase the risk of lithium toxicity. Methotrexate: May increase methotrexate levels. Phenobarbital: May decrease fenoprofen t 1⁄2 . Dosage adjustments of fenoprofen may be required if phenobarbital is added or withdrawn. SSRIs (e.g. fluoxetine, citalopram): The risk of GI effects may be increased. Laboratory test interactions
False elevation in free and total serum T 3 as measured by Amerlex-M kit. Brand names
UK - Fenopron (Typharm Limited)
See also
Ibuprofen
Ketoprofen
Thalidomide
Chirality
Chiral drugs
Chiral inversion

References
External links
Fenoprofen info from Drugs.com