Reported adverse events with memantine are infrequent and mild, including hallucinations, confusion, dizziness, headache and fatigue. The combination of memantine and donepezil has been shown to be "of statistically significant but clinically marginal effectiveness".An extract of Ginkgo biloba known as EGb 761 has been used for treating Alzheimers and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Its use is approved throughout Europe. The World Federation of Biological Psychiatry guidelines lists EGb 761 with the same weight of evidence (level B) given to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine. EGb 761 is the only one that showed improvement of symptoms in both Alzheimers disease and vascular dementia. EGb 761 may have a role either on its own or as an add-on if other therapies prove ineffective. A 2016 review concluded that the quality of evidence from clinical trials on Ginkgo biloba has been insufficient to warrant its use for treating Alzheimers disease.Atypical antipsychotics are modestly useful in reducing aggression and psychosis in people with Alzheimers disease, but their advantages are offset by serious adverse effects, such as stroke, movement difficulties or cognitive decline. When used in the long-term, they have been shown to associate with increased mortality. Stopping antipsychotic use in this group of people appears to be safe. Psychosocial
Psychosocial interventions are used as an adjunct to pharmaceutical treatment and can be classified within behavior-, emotion-, cognition- or stimulation-oriented approaches.Behavioral interventions attempt to identify and reduce the antecedents and consequences of problem behaviors.
Immature Personality Disorder (IPD) is an ICD-10 diagnosis characterized by lack of emotional development, low tolerance of stress and anxiety, inability to accept personal responsibility, and reliance on age-inappropriate defense mechanisms. The disorder has been "gaining prominence" in the 21st century. It is listed under "F60.8 Other specific personality disorders". A study in Denmark found that together, these 6 "Other" types constituted 2.4% of all personality disorder diagnoses.While borderline personality disorder is the most common personality disorder among those who commit non-suicidal self-harm, the overall rate of deliberate self-harm is highest among those with immature personality disorder.It has been noted for displaying "an absence of mental disability", and demonstrating "ineffectual responses to social, psychological and physical demands." Mechanics
IPD involves a weakness of the ego, which limits the ability to restrain impulses or properly model anxiety. They fail to integrate the aggressive and libidinal factors at play in other people, and thus are not able to parse their own experiences.It can be caused by a neurobiological immaturity of brain functioning, or through a childhood trauma, or other means.