Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is listed in the DSM-5 under Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders and defined as "a pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness". This behavior is usually targeted toward peers, parents, teachers, and other authority figures. Unlike conduct disorder (CD), those with ODD do not show patterns of aggression towards people or animals, destruction of property, theft, or deceit. It has certain links to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and as many as one half of children with ODD also fulfill the diagnostic criteria for ADHD. History
Oppositional defiant disorder was first defined in the DSM-III (1980). Since the introduction of ODD as an independent disorder, the field trials to inform its definition have included predominantly male subjects. Some clinicians have debated whether the diagnostic criteria would be clinically relevant for use with females, and furthermore, some have questioned whether gender-specific criteria and thresholds should be included. Additionally, some clinicians have questioned the preclusion of ODD when conduct disorder is present. According to Dickstein, the DSM-5 attempts to: 

"redefine ODD by emphasizing a persistent pattern of angry and irritable mood along with vindictive behavior, rather than DSM-IVs focus exclusively on negativistic, hostile, and defiant behavior. Although DSM-IV implied, but did not mention, irritability, DSM-5 now includes three symptom clusters, one of which is angry/irritable mood—defined as loses temper, is touchy/easily annoyed by others, and is angry/resentful. This suggests that the process of clinically relevant research driving nosology, and vice versa, has ensured that the future will bring greater understanding of ODD."
It is possible that there is a decreased prevalence of ODD in boys or an increased prevalence of ODD in girls in non-Western cultures, but it is also possible that the disorder is either over- or under-diagnosed in boys or girls, respectively, in Western cultures. Other factors can influence the prevalence of the disorder. Youths living in families of low socioeconomic status have a higher prevalence. Another factor is based on the criteria used to diagnose an individual. When the disorder was first included in the DSM-III, the prevalence was 25% higher than when the DSM-IV revised the criteria of diagnosis. The DSM-V made more changes to the criteria, grouping certain characteristics together in order to demonstrate that ODD display both emotional and behavioral symptomatology. In addition, criteria were added to help guide clinicians in diagnosis because of the difficulty found in identifying whether the behaviors or symptoms are directly related to the disorder or simply a phase in a childs life. Consequently, future studies may obtain results indicating a decline in prevalence between the DSM-IV and the DSM-V.

Signs and symptoms
The fourth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV-TR) (now replaced by DSM-5) states that a person must exhibit four out of the eight signs and symptoms to meet the diagnostic threshold for ODD.