A common complaint, caused by increased intravascular volume, elevated glomerular filtration rate, and compression of the bladder by the expanding uterus. Urinary tract infection
Varicose veins. Common complaint caused by relaxation of the venous smooth muscle and increased intravascular pressure. Hemorrhoids (piles). Swollen veins at or inside the anal area. Caused by impaired venous return, straining associated with constipation, or increased intra-abdominal pressure in later pregnancy. Regurgitation, heartburn, and nausea. Stretch marks
Breast tenderness is common during the first trimester, and is more common in women who are pregnant at a young age. Melasma, also known as the mask of pregnancy, is a discoloration, most often of the face. It usually begins to fade several months after giving birth. Timeline
The chronology of pregnancy is, unless otherwise specified, generally given as gestational age, where the starting point is the beginning of the womans last menstrual period (LMP), or the corresponding age of the gestation as estimated by a more accurate method if available. This model means that the woman is counted as being "pregnant" two weeks before conception and three weeks before implantation. Sometimes, timing may also use the fertilization age, which is the age of the embryo since conception. Start of gestational age
The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend the following methods to calculate gestational age:
Directly calculating the days since the beginning of the last menstrual period.
Low-set ears are a clinical feature in which the ears are positioned lower on the head than usual. They are present in many congenital conditions. Low-set ears are defined as outer ears positioned two or more standard deviations lower than the population average. Clinically, if the point at which the helix of the outer ear meets the cranium is at or below the line connecting the inner canthi of eyes(bicanthal plane), the ears are considered low set.Low-set ears can be associated with conditions such as:

Down syndrome
Turner syndrome
Noonan syndrome
Patau syndrome
DiGeorge syndrome
Cri du chat syndrome
Edwards syndrome
Fragile X syndrome
Okamoto syndromeIt is usually bilateral, but it can be unilateral in Goldenhar syndrome. See also
LEOPARD syndrome

References


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