If improvement is noted after 48 hours of IV antibiotics, healthcare professionals can then consider switching a patient to oral antibiotics (which must be used for 2–3 weeks). Surgical intervention – An abscess can threaten the vision or neurological status of a patient with orbital cellulitis, therefore sometimes surgical intervention is necessary. Surgery typically requires drainage of the sinuses and if a subperiosteal abscess is present in the medial orbit, drainage can be performed endoscopically. Post-operatively, patients must follow up regularly with their surgeon and remain under close observation. Corticosteroids - Complications of orbital cellulitis may arise as a result of swelling from the infection. Because the orbit is a small space, increasing the pressure inside can harm the eye. Steroids are drugs that are used to reduce swelling caused by various illnesses, but they can also weaken the immune systems ability to fight the infection. There is inadequate evidence to draw judgments about the use of steroids in the treatment of orbital cellulitis. More research is needed to inform decision making. Prognosis
Although orbital cellulitis is considered an ophthalmic emergency, the prognosis is good if prompt medical treatment is received. Death and blindness rates without treatment
Bacterial infections of the orbit have long been associated with a risk of devastating outcomes and intracranial spread. The natural course of the disease, as documented by Gamble (1933), in the pre-antibiotic era,
resulted in death in 17% of patients and permanent blindness in 20%.
Teratospermia or teratozoospermia is a condition characterized by the presence of sperm with abnormal morphology that affects fertility in males. Causes
The causes of teratozoospermia are unknown in most cases. However, Hodgkins disease, coeliac disease, and Crohns disease may contribute in some instances. Lifestyle and habits (smoking, toxin exposure, etc.) can also cause poor morphology. Varicocele is another condition that is often associated with decreased normal forms (morphology). In cases of globozoospermia (sperm with round heads), the Golgi apparatus is not transformed into the acrosome that is needed for fertilization. Symptoms and treatment
The presence of abnormally-shaped sperm can negatively affect fertility by preventing transport through the cervix and/or preventing sperm from adhering to the ovum. Achieving a pregnancy may be difficult.In testing for teratozoospermia, sperm are collected, stained and analyzed under a microscope to detect abnormalities. These abnormalities may include heads that are large, small, tapered, or pyriform or tails that are abnormally shaped.Antiestrogens have been shown to be effective in the treatment of teratozoospermia.Teratozoospermia (including the globozoospermia type), may be treated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), injecting sperm directly into the egg. Once the egg is fertilized, abnormal sperm morphology does not appear to influence blastocyst development or blastocyst morphology. Even with severe teratozoospermia, microscopy can still detect the few sperm cells that have a "normal" morphology, allowing for optimal success rate. See also
Male infertility
Semen quality

References
External links
teratozoospermia.net