"Stiff-Person Syndrome (SPS) and Anti-GAD-Related CNS Degenerations: Protean Additions to the Autoimmune Central Neuropathies". Journal of Autoimmunity. 37 (2): 79–87. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2011.05.005. PMID 21680149. Ciccotto, Giuseppe; Blaya, Maike; Kelley, Roger (2013). "Stiff Person Syndrome". Neurologic Clinics. 31 (1): 319–28. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2012.09.005. PMID 23186907. Darnell, Robert; Posner, Jerome (2011). Paraneoplastic Syndromes. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-977273-5. Duddy, Martin; Baker, Mark (2009). The Immunological Basis for Treatment of Stiff Person Syndrome. Stiff Person Syndrome. Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience. Vol. 26. pp. 147–66. doi:10.1159/000212375. ISBN 978-3-8055-9141-6. PMID 19349711. Hadavi, Shahrzad; Noyce, Alastair; Leslie, David; Giovannoni, Gavin (2011). "Stiff Person Syndrome". Practical Neurology. 11 (5): 272–82. doi:10.1136/practneurol-2011-000071. PMID 21921002. S2CID 31265775. Holmøy, Trygve; Geis, Christian (2011). "The Immunological Basis for Treatment of Stiff Person Syndrome". Journal of Neuroimmunology. 231 (1–2): 55–60. doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.09.014. PMID 20943276. S2CID 206274675. Rakocevic, Goran; Floeter, Mary Kay (2012). "Autoimmune Stiff Person Syndrome and Related Myelopathies: Understanding of Electrophysiological and Immunological Processes". Muscle Nerve. 45 (5): 623–34. doi:10.1002/mus.23234. PMC 3335758. PMID 22499087. External links

Stiff-Person Syndrome Information Page at NINDS
A liver abscess is a mass filled with pus inside the liver. Common causes are abdominal conditions such as appendicitis or diverticulitis due to haematogenous spread through the portal vein. It can also develop as a complication of a liver injury. Causes
Risk factors for developing liver abscess can be due to infection, post-procedural infection and metastasis such as primary liver tumours, liver metastasis, biliary procedures, biliary injuries, biliary tract disease, appendicitis, and diverticulitis.Major bacterial causes of liver abscess include the following:
Streptococcus species (including Enterococcus)
Escherichia species
Staphylococcus species
Klebsiella species (Higher rates in the Far East)
Anaerobes (including Bacteroides species)
Pseudomonas species
Proteus species
Entamoeba HistolyticaHowever, as noted above, many cases are polymicrobial. Diagnosis
Types
There are several major forms of liver abscess, classified by cause:
Pyogenic liver abscess, which is most often polymicrobial, accounts for 80% of hepatic abscess cases in the United States. Amoebic liver abscess due to Entamoeba histolytica accounts for 10% of cases. The incidence is much higher in developing countries. Fungal abscess, most often due to Candida species, accounts for less than 10% of cases. Iatrogenic abscess, caused by medical interventions

Management
Antibiotics: IV metronidazole and third generation cephalosporin/quinolones, β-lactam antibiotics, and aminoglycosides are effective. Prognosis
The prognosis has improved for liver abscesses. The mortality rate in-hospital is about 2.5-19%. The elderly, ICU admissions, shock, cancer, fungal infections, cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, acute respiratory failure, severe disease, or disease of biliary origin have a worse prognosis. References
External links

Liver Abscess CT Images CTCases Liver Abscess CT Scan.