Diagnosis
Classification
Gunshot wounds are classified according to the speed of the projectile using the Gustilo open fracture classification:

Low-velocity: Less than 1,100 ft/s (340 m/s)Low velocity wounds are typical of small caliber handguns and display wound patterns like Gustilo Anderson Type 1 or 2 wounds

Medium-velocity: Between 1,200 ft/s (340 m/s) and 2,000 ft/s (610 m/s)These are more typical of shotgun blasts or higher caliber handguns like magnums. The risk of infection from these types of wounds can vary depending on the type and pattern of bullets fired as well as the distance from the firearm. High-velocity: Between 2,000 ft/s (610 m/s) and 3,500 ft/s (1,100 m/s)Usually caused by powerful assault or hunting rifles and usually display wound pattern similar to Gustilo Anderson Type 3 wounds. The risk of infection is especially high due to the large area of injury and destroyed tissue.Bullets from handguns are sometimes less than 1,000 ft/s (300 m/s) but with modern pistol loads, they usually are slightly above 1,000 ft/s (300 m/s), while bullets from most modern rifles exceed 2,500 ft/s (760 m/s). One recently developed class of firearm projectiles is the hyper-velocity bullet, such cartridges are usually either wildcats made for achieving such high speed or purpose-built factory ammunition with the same goal in mind. Examples of hyper velocity cartridges include the .220 Swift, .17 Remington and .17 Mach IV cartridges.
The provisional representation of species addressed by the resource has been indicated in the TaxBox on this page by a superscript yb beside the species name. Development of YersiniaBase was funded by the University of Malaya and the Ministry of Education, Malaysia. Pathogenesis
Y. pestis is the causative agent of plague. The disease caused by Y. enterocolitica is called yersiniosis. Yersinia may be associated with Crohns disease, an inflammatory autoimmune condition of the gut. Iranian sufferers of Crohns disease were more likely to have had earlier exposure to refrigerators at home, consistent with its unusual ability to thrive at low temperatures. Yersinia is implicated as one of the causes of reactive arthritis worldwide.Also, the genus is associated with pseudoappendicitis, which is an incorrect diagnosis of appendicitis due to a similar presentation. History
Y. pestis, the first known species, was identified in 1894 by A.E.J. Yersin, a Swiss bacteriologist, and Kitasato Shibasaburō, a Japanese bacteriologist. It was formerly described as Pasteurella pestis (known trivially as the plague-bacillus) by Lehmann and Neumann in 1896. In 1944, van Loghem reclassified the species P. pestis and P. rondentium into a new genus, Yersinia. Following the introduction of the bacteriological code, it was accepted as valid in 1980. References
External links
Yersinia Enterocolitis Mimicking Crohns Disease in a Toddler
Sweden: Pork warnings over new stomach illness
Yersinia genomes and related information at PATRIC, a Bioinformatics Resource Center funded by NIAID
YersiniaBase