The disease is known to target the hippocampus which is associated with memory, and this is responsible for the first symptoms of memory impairment. As the disease progresses so does the degree of memory impairment. First symptoms
The first symptoms are often mistakenly attributed to aging or stress. Detailed neuropsychological testing can reveal mild cognitive difficulties up to eight years before a person fulfills the clinical criteria for diagnosis of Alzheimers disease. These early symptoms can affect the most complex activities of daily living. The most noticeable deficit is short term memory loss, which shows up as difficulty in remembering recently learned facts and inability to acquire new information.Subtle problems with the executive functions of attentiveness, planning, flexibility, and abstract thinking, or impairments in semantic memory (memory of meanings, and concept relationships) can also be symptomatic of the early stages of Alzheimers disease. Apathy and depression can be seen at this stage, with apathy remaining as the most persistent symptom throughout the course of the disease. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is often found to be a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia. MCI can present with a variety of symptoms, and when memory loss is the predominant symptom, it is termed amnestic MCI and is frequently seen as a prodromal stage of Alzheimers disease. Amnestic MCI has a greater than 90% likelihood of being associated with Alzheimers. Early stage
In people with Alzheimers disease, the increasing impairment of learning and memory eventually leads to a definitive diagnosis.
It has been arbitrarily assumed that a number of over 4-5 leukocytes in the field of vision of the microscope indicates leukocyturia.At the moment, there are also quick test strips available, allowing after wetting a special diagnostic bar, the detection of granulocytes in the urine, as evidenced by the color change of the test strip. The principle of their operation is based on the detection of granulocytes esterases, including leukocytes. This method, however, is burdened with a large number of false positive results (use of antibiotics, such as imipenem, meropenem, clavulanic acid, which is sometimes combined with penicillin derivatives) or false negative (gentamicin, cefalexin, glycosuria, proteinuria).Leukocyturia is a laboratory symptom of many diseases like glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis. It may occur in the case of diseases of the urinary tract, reproductive system and diseases of the abdominal organs. Leukocyturia is mostly a sign of urinary tract infection, especially if significant bacteriuria is found (for most people, the number of bacteria in a culture is > 10^5) and other symptoms associated with passing urine. The presence of leukocyturia does not indicate the need for antimicrobial therapy yet. Additional images
See also
Urinalysis
Bacteriuria

References


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