Pathogenesis of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis includes injury to the glomerulus by immune complexes (IgG) passively trapped in the glomerulus, which leads to an inflammatory response from recruited immune cells, cytokines, chemical mediators, and complement and coagulation cascade activation. The inflammatory response includes endothelial and mesangial cell proliferation.Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis of Lupus nephritis, Class II is also noted by mesangial hypercellularity and matrix expansion. Microscopic haematuria with or without proteinuria may be seen in Class II Lupus nephritis. Hypertension, nephrotic syndrome, and acute kidney injury are very rare at this stage.Idiopathic mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis is less established in the literature. Idiopathic mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis does not involve the deposition of either IgA or IgG immune complexes, though there can be focal or diffuse IgM deposits in the mesangium. The relationship of IgM and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis is hypothesized to involve either formed or deposited IgM complexes in the mesangium leading to T-cell mediated inflammatory response, mesangial proliferation, and glomerular injury or, as a result of mesangial proliferation, decreased clearance of monocytic IgM complexes. Diagnosis
Most glomerulonephritis classification and prognosis are aided by histological evaluation by renal biopsy. The renal biopsy is classically evaluated with light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunohistology to diagnose a histological pattern, which is then compared to clinical evaluation through history, physical, and laboratory evaluation. The laboratory evaluation usually follows that of a standard nephrology work up and will likely be targeted to a differential diagnosis. Studies focusing on mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis often use defined clinical criteria and histological criteria to select patients for research.
Infigratinib, sold under the brand name Truseltiq, is an anti-cancer medication used to treat cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer).Infigratinib is a kinase inhibitor targeting the fibroblast growth factor receptors FGFR1, FGFR2 and FGFR3 It was designated an orphan drug by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2019, and it was approved for medical use in the United States in May 2021. Medical uses
Infigratinib is indicated for the treatment of adults with previously treated, unresectable locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) with a fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusion or other rearrangement as detected by an FDA-approved test. References
External links
"Infigratinib". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Clinical trial number NCT02150967 for "A Phase II, Single Arm Study of BGJ398 in Patients With Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma" at ClinicalTrials.gov