Human bioavailability has not been determined since the drug is intended for oral use only. In mice and rats the absolute bioavailability has been determined to be 30 and 63 percent, respectively. Cabergoline is rapidly and extensively metabolized in the liver and excreted in bile and to a lesser extent in urine. All metabolites are less active than the parental drug or inactive altogether. The human elimination half-life is estimated to be 63 to 68 hours in patients with Parkinsons disease and 79 to 115 hours in patients with pituitary tumors. Average elimination half-life is 80 hours. The therapeutic effect in treatment of hyperprolactinemia will typically persist for at least 4 weeks after cessation of treatment. History
Cabergoline was first synthesized by scientists working for the Italian drug company Farmitalia-Carlo Erba in Milan who were experimenting with semisynthetic derivatives of the ergot alkaloids, and a patent application was filed in 1980. The first publication was a scientific abstract at the Society for Neuroscience meeting in 1991.Farmitalia-Carlo Erba was acquired by Pharmacia in 1993, which in turn was acquired by Pfizer in 2003.Cabergoline was first marketed in The Netherlands as Dostinex in 1992. The drug was approved by the FDA on December 23, 1996. It went generic in late 2005 following US patent expiration. Society and culture
Brand names
Brand names of cabergoline include Cabaser, Dostinex, Galastop (veterinary), and Kelactin (veterinary), among others. Research
Cabergoline was studied in one person with Cushings disease, to lower adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels and cause regression of ACTH-producing pituitary adenomas. References
External links
Cabergoline, Mayo Clinic
Celecoxib/tramadol sold under the brand name Seglentis, is a fixed-dose combination of the anti-inflammatory celecoxib and the opioid tramadol used for the management and treatment of pain.Developed by Spanish pharmaceutical company Esteve, it was approved for medical use in the United States in October 2021. References
External links
"Celecoxib". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Tramadol hydrochloride". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Clinical trial number NCT03108482 for "Co-crystal E-58425 vs Tramadol and Celecoxib for Moderate to Severe Acute Pain After Bunionectomy. Phase III Clinical Trial." at ClinicalTrials.gov