Injury may also occur due to O2 accumulation via the production of O2 by microglia, a type of glial cell that are responsible for immune response in the CNS, but their role in injury after neonatal stroke is still relatively unknown. As observed by Alberi, et al., progressive atrophy in the ipsilateral hemisphere over three weeks after the stroke occurred, suggesting that a neonatal stroke has long-lasting effects on neuronal viability and the potential for a prolonged therapeutic window for alleviating the progression of cell death. Diagnosis
Neonatal strokes occur in approximately 1 in 4000 births, but this number is likely much higher due to lack of noticeable symptoms at time of birth. They generally present with seizures, but only half to three quarters of cases have identifiable causes. Diagnosis often occurs around 36 hours after onset of neonatal stroke due to the interval between stroke and clinical presentation, if any occurs at all. Neonatal strokes can be confirmed with neuroimaging or neuropathalogical studies, and other various imaging techniques can be used to diagnose neonatal strokes, such as ultrasound, Doppler sonography, computerized tomography (CT) scan, CT angiography, and multimodal MR.

Prevention
Some evidence suggests that magnesium sulfate administered to mothers prior to early preterm birth reduces the risk of cerebral palsy in surviving neonates.
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