The study results were presented at a conference of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons.According to Rinkers research, there are several key factors. A history of cigarette smoking "breaks down a protein in the skin called elastin, which gives youthful skin its elastic appearance and supports the breast." The number of pregnancies was strongly correlated with ptosis, with the effects increasing with each pregnancy. As most women age, breasts naturally yield to gravity and tend to sag and fold over the inframammary crease, the lower attachment point to the chest wall. This is more true for larger-breasted women. The fourth reason was significant weight gain or loss (greater than 50 pounds (23 kg)). Other significant factors were higher body mass index and larger bra cup size.In Rinkers study, 55% of respondents reported an adverse change in breast shape after pregnancy. Many women mistakenly attribute the changes and their sagging breasts to breastfeeding, and as a result some are reluctant to nurse their infants. Research shows that breastfeeding is not the factor that many thought it was. Rinker concluded that "Expectant mothers should be reassured that breastfeeding does not appear to have an adverse effect upon breast appearance." Also discounted as causes affecting ptosis are weight gain during pregnancy and lack of participation in regular upper body exercise. Effect of vigorous exercise
When running, breasts may move three-dimensionally: vertically, horizontally and laterally, in an overall figure-8 motion. Unrestrained movement of large breasts may contribute to sagging over time.
The loss of social skills could include loss of the ability/desire to play, loss of the ability to make appropriate eye contact, and loss of interest in playing social games. The loss of language skills could include the loss of a childs ability to understand spoken speech and sounds (receptive language skills) and/or the loss of a childs ability to use words/spoken language (expressive language skills). Diagnosis
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that most children receive a developmental screening at their 9-month, 18 month, and 30 month physical exams. Physicians also screen children for autism spectrum disorder at their 18-month and 2 year appointments. If the screening indicates a potential problem, a physician would then perform a developmental evaluation to identify the specific developmental areas affected and assess the childs needs. Parents can also monitor their children and inform their provider if their child has lost previously reached developmental milestones. Treatment
For treatment of regression of motor skills, occupational and physical therapy can be used. Occupational therapy can help children regain some of their lost fine motor skills. An occupational therapist can help a child improve their fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination so they can complete basic life tasks like bathing or feeding themselves, and fine motor skill tasks like writing. Physical therapy can be used to treat regression of gross motor skills. Physical therapists can help a child with skills like walking or mobility issues.Speech therapy is often used for treatment of regression of language skills.