Emergency management strategies can be employed by a government or organization to mitigate risks and prepare for consequences. Artificial intelligence may help to assess buildings and plan precautionary operations: the Igor expert system is part of a mobile laboratory that supports the procedures leading to the seismic assessment of masonry buildings and the planning of retrofitting operations on them. It has been successfully applied to assess buildings in Lisbon, Rhodes, Naples.Individuals can also take preparedness steps like securing water heaters and heavy items that could injure someone, locating shutoffs for utilities, and being educated about what to do when the shaking starts. For areas near large bodies of water, earthquake preparedness encompasses the possibility of a tsunami caused by a large earthquake. Historical views
From the lifetime of the Greek philosopher Anaxagoras in the 5th century BCE to the 14th century CE, earthquakes were usually attributed to "air (vapors) in the cavities of the Earth." Thales of Miletus (625–547 BCE) was the only documented person who believed that earthquakes were caused by tension between the earth and water. Other theories existed, including the Greek philosopher Anaxamines (585–526 BCE) beliefs that short incline episodes of dryness and wetness caused seismic activity. The Greek philosopher Democritus (460–371 BCE) blamed water in general for earthquakes. Pliny the Elder called earthquakes "underground thunderstorms". In culture
Mythology and religion
In Norse mythology, earthquakes were explained as the violent struggling of the god Loki.
In the same year, WSS was established as a new heritable disorder of connective tissue that appeared to be transmitted as an
. In 1993, WSS was diagnosed in a mother and her son. Both patients displayed decreased elastic recoil of the skin and an increase in the number of palmar creases. In 1999, there were up to nine reported cases of WSS. In 2008, Kornak et al. investigated glycosylation of serum proteins with individuals with WSS and found that they had defects in N-glycosylation at the level of the Golgi apparatus. References
NIH GARD (Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center)
Monarch Initiative
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man Database

See also
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
Cutis Laxa Type II
List of cutaneous conditions

References


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