The WHO states: "In countries and settings where continuous CTG is used defensively to protect against litigation, all stakeholders should be made aware that this practice is not evidence-based and does not improve birth outcomes. "A mothers water has to break before internal (invasive) monitoring can be used. More invasive monitoring can involve a fetal scalp electrode to give an additional measure of fetal heart activity, and/or intrauterine pressure catheter (IUPC). It can also involve fetal scalp pH testing. Complications
Per figures retrieved in 2015, since 1990 there has been a 44 per cent decline in the maternal death rate. However, according to 2015 figures 830 women die every day from causes related to pregnancy or childbirth and for every woman who dies, 20 or 30 encounter injuries, infections or disabilities. Most of these deaths and injuries are preventable.In 2008, noting that each year more than 100,000 women die of complications of pregnancy and childbirth and at least seven million experience serious health problems while 50 million more have adverse health consequences after childbirth, the World Health Organization (WHO) has urged midwife training to strengthen maternal and newborn health services. To support the upgrading of midwifery skills the WHO established a midwife training program, Action for Safe Motherhood.The rising maternal death rate in the US is of concern. In 1990 the US ranked 12th of the 14 developed countries that were analysed. However, since that time the rates of every country have steadily continued to improve while the US rate has spiked dramatically.
This gene mediates chloride and bicarbonate exchange and additionally transports sulfate and other anions at the apical membrane, part of the plasma membrane of enterocytes. It is also known that related phenotypes are  Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2). Diagnosis
Tenonitis can be identified and diagnosed a few different ways. Tenons capsule may have inflammation from a disease called idiopathic orbital inflammation syndrome. There is no history of trauma or adjacent focus of infection with this disease. In order to diagnose tenonitis some type of imaging is needed, such as a CT or MRI. The imaging is used to capture the inflammation and to spot any possible chance of infection. For chronic diseases a biopsy may be needed to determine an underlying condition that may be causing the recurring inflammation. Treatment
The main course of treatment for this specific disease would be to surgically excise the capsule. There is no info that implies the inflammation of this capsule will go down over time so the known course of action would be to have it surgically removed in order to relieve discomfort and to prevent further irritation to this area. Prognosis
Although this may not be a lethal disease, it will progressively get worse over time. Depending on the severity of the disease, this may have months of progression. When going past 3 months of having issues, the main course of action would be to surgically relieve the pain or total excision of the affected area. Epidemiology
This disease has no specific population it targets more.