For the same reason, it is typically recommended that nursing mothers not use medication containing bismuth subsalicylate because small amounts of the medication are excreted in human breast milk, and these pose a theoretical risk of Reyes syndrome to nursing children.Salicylates are very toxic to cats, and thus bismuth subsalicylate should not be administered to cats.The British National Formulary does not recommend bismuth-containing antacids (unless chelated), cautioning that absorbed bismuth can be neurotoxic, causing encephalopathy, and that such antacids tend to be constipating. Drug interactions
There is an increased risk of bleeding when using bismuth subsalicylate and anticoagulation therapy, like Coumadin (Warfarin)

Mechanism of action
Bismuth subsalicylate is used as an antacid and antidiarrheal, and to treat some other gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea. The means by which this occurs is still not well documented. It is thought to be some combination of the following:
Stimulation of absorption of fluids and electrolytes by the intestinal wall (antisecretory action)
As a salicylate, reducing inflammation/irritation of stomach and intestinal lining through inhibition of prostaglandin G/H synthase 1/2
Reduction in hypermotility of the stomach
Inhibits adhesion and filmogenesis by Escherichia coli
Bactericidal action of a number of its subcomponents, including salicylic acid
Bactericidal action via a so-called oligodynamic effect in which small amounts of heavy metals such as bismuth damage many different bacteria species. Weak antacid propertiesIn vitro and in vivo data have shown that bismuth subsalicylate hydrolyzes in the gut to bismuth oxychloride and salicylic acid and less commonly bismuth hydroxide. In the stomach, this is likely an acid-catalyzed hydrolysis.
Cold sensitivity or cold intolerance is unusual discomfort felt by some people when in a cool environment.There is much variation in the sensitivity to cold experienced by different people, with some putting on many layers of clothing while others in the same environment feel comfortable in one layer.Cold sensitivity may be a symptom of hypothyroidism, anemia, fibromyalgia or vasoconstriction. Vitamin B12 deficiency usually accompanies cold intolerance as well. There are other conditions that may cause a cold intolerance, including low body weight, high body temperature and low blood pressure. There may also be differences in people in the expression of uncoupling proteins, thus affecting their amount of thermogenesis. Psychology may also play a factor in perceived temperature. See also
Apparent temperature
Thermoception
Raynaud syndrome


== References ==