Burosumab, sold under the brand name Crysvita, is a human monoclonal antibody medication for the treatment of X-linked hypophosphatemia and tumor-induced osteomalacia. Burosumab was approved by the FDA for its intended purpose, in patients aged one year and older, in April 2018. The FDA approval fell under both the breakthrough therapy and orphan drug designations. It was approved for use in the European Union in February 2018.The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication. Medical uses
In the United States, burosumab is indicated for the treatment of adults and children ages one year and older with x-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), a rare, inherited form of rickets, and for the treatment of people age two and older with tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO), a rare disease that is characterized by the development of tumors that cause weakened and softened bones. The tumors associated with TIO release a peptide hormone-like substance known as fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) that lowers phosphate levels.In the European Union, burosumab is indicated for the treatment of X-linked hypophosphataemia with radiographic evidence of bone disease in children one year of age and older and adolescents with growing skeletons.XLH is genetic disorder affecting phosphate metabolism within the body, which results in hypophosphatemia. The disease is characterized by overproduction of the FGF23 hormone in bone cells. The FGF23 hormone is responsible for blocking phosphate re-absorption by the kidney and the suppression of the vitamin D dependent phosphate absorption by the intestine.
For example, AVP is also synthesized by parvocellular neurosecretory neurons of the PVN, transported and released at the median eminence, from which it travels through the hypophyseal portal system to the anterior pituitary, where it stimulates corticotropic cells synergistically with CRH to produce ACTH (by itself it is a weak secretagogue). Vasopressin during surgery and anaesthesia
Vasopressin concentration is used to measure surgical stress for evaluation of surgical techniques. Plasma vasopressin concentration is elevated by noxious stimuli, predominantly during abdominal surgery, especially at gut manipulation and traction of viscera. Receptors
Types of AVP receptors and their actions:

Structure and relation to oxytocin
The vasopressins are peptides consisting of nine amino acids (nonapeptides). The amino acid sequence of arginine vasopressin (argipressin) is Cys-Tyr-Phe-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2, with the cysteine residues forming a disulfide bond and the C-terminus of the sequence converted to a primary amide. Lysine vasopressin (lypressin) has a lysine in place of the arginine as the eighth amino acid, and is found in pigs and some related animals, whereas arginine vasopressin is found in humans.The structure of oxytocin is very similar to that of the vasopressins: It is also a nonapeptide with a disulfide bridge and its amino acid sequence differs at only two positions. The two genes are located on the same chromosome separated by a relatively small distance of less than 15,000 bases in most species. The magnocellular neurons that secrete vasopressin are adjacent to magnocellular neurons that secrete oxytocin, and are similar in many respects.