One study claims that the pill may affect what male body odors a woman prefers, which may in turn influence her selection of partner. Use of combined oral contraceptives is associated with a reduced risk of endometriosis, giving a relative risk of endometriosis of 0.63 during active use, yet with limited quality of evidence according to a systematic review.Combined oral contraception decreases total testosterone levels by approximately 0.5 nmol/L, free testosterone by approximately 60%, and increases the amount of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) by approximately 100 nmol/L. Contraceptives containing second generation progestins and/or estrogen doses of around 20 –25 mg EE were found to have less impact on SHBG concentrations. Combined oral contraception may also reduce bone density. Drug interactions
Some drugs reduce the effect of the pill and can cause breakthrough bleeding, or increased chance of pregnancy. These include drugs such as rifampicin, barbiturates, phenytoin and carbamazepine. In addition cautions are given about broad spectrum antibiotics, such as ampicillin and doxycycline, which may cause problems "by impairing the bacterial flora responsible for recycling ethinylestradiol from the large bowel" (BNF 2003).The traditional medicinal herb St Johns Wort has also been implicated due to its upregulation of the P450 system in the liver which could increase the metabolism of ethinyl estradiol and progestin components of some combined oral contraception. Mechanism of action
Combined oral contraceptive pills were developed to prevent ovulation by suppressing the release of gonadotropins.
Maceration  may refer to:

Maceration (food), in food preparation
Maceration (wine), a step in wine-making
Carbonic maceration, a wine-making technique
Maceration (sewage), in sewage treatment
Maceration (bone), a method of preparing bones
Acid maceration, the use of an acid to extract micro-fossils from rock
Maceration, in chemistry, the preparation of an extract by solvent extraction
Maceration, in biology, the mechanical breakdown of ingested food into chyme
Skin maceration, in dermatology, the softening and whitening of skin that is kept constantly wet
Maceration, in poultry farming, a method of chick culling