ECG typically indicates left ventricular hypertrophy. Cardiac chamber catheterization assists in assessing the severity of regurgitation and any left ventricular dysfunction. Physical examination
The physical examination of an individual with aortic regurgitation involves auscultation of the heart to listen for the murmur of aortic regurgitation and the S3 heart sound (S3 gallop correlates with development of LV dysfunction). The murmur of chronic aortic regurgitation is typically described as early diastolic and decrescendo, which is best heard in the third left intercostal space and may radiate along the left sternal border. If there is increased stroke volume of the left ventricle due to volume overload, an ejection systolic flow murmur may also be present when auscultating the same aortic area. Unless there is concomitant aortic valve stenosis, the murmur should not start with an ejection click. There may also be an Austin Flint murmur, a soft mid-diastolic rumble heard at the apical area; it appears when a regurgitant jet of blood from severe aortic regurgitation partially closes the anterior mitral leaflet. Peripheral physical signs of aortic regurgitation are related to the high pulse pressure and the rapid decrease in blood pressure during diastole due to blood returning to the heart from the aorta through the incompetent aortic valve, although the usefulness of some of the eponymous signs has been questioned: Phonocardiograms detect AI by having electric voltage mimic the sounds the heart makes.Characteristics- indicative of aortic regurgitation are as follow:

Classification
The hemodynamic sequelae of AI are dependent on the rate of onset of AI.
Tezepelumab, sold under the brand name Tezspire, is a human monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of asthma. Tezepelumab blocks thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an epithelial cytokine that has been suggested to be critical in the initiation and persistence of airway inflammation.The most common side effects include arthralgia (joint pain) and pharyngitis (sore throat).Tezepelumab was approved for medical use in the United States in December 2021, and in the European Union in September 2022. Medical uses
Tezepelumab is indicated for the add-on maintenance treatment of people aged twelve years and older with severe asthma. History
Two main studies including over 1,500 adults and adolescents with inadequately controlled asthma showed that tezepelumab was effective in reducing the number of severe asthma flare‑ups. Society and culture
Legal status
On 21 July 2022, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Tezspire, intended as add-on treatment in adult and adolescent patients with severe asthma. The applicant for this medicinal product is AstraZeneca AB. Tezepelumab was approved for medical use in the European Union in September 2022. Research
It is being studied for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, chronic spontaneous urticaria and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE).In phase III trials, tezepelumab demonstrated efficacy compared to placebo for patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma.Structural studies by X-ray crystallography showed that tezepelumab competes against a critical part of the TSLPR binding site on TSLP. References
External links
"Tezepelumab". Drug Information Portal.