Biphasic stridor (occurring during both the inspiratory and expiratory phases) indicates narrowing at the level of the glottis or subglottis, the point between the upper and lower airways. See also
Crackles (also called "crepitations" or "rales")
Rhonchi
Squawk (sound)

References
Further reading
Godfrey S, Uwyyed K, Springer C, Avital A (Mar 2004). "Is clinical wheezing reliable as the endpoint for bronchial challenges in preschool children?". Pediatric Pulmonology. 37 (3): 193–200. doi:10.1002/ppul.10434. PMID 14966812. S2CID 25264776. External links

Audio Breath Sounds - Multiple case studies with audio files of lung sounds. R.A.L.E. Repository - sound files of breath sounds
Aluminum hydroxide is found in dialysis solution and has been shown to produce a porphyrialike disorder after long-term administration in rats. Diagnosis
Treatment
Sun avoidance, avoidance of tanning booths, and usage of broad spectrum sunscreen that blocks both UVA and UVB. Identification and avoidance of the offending drug. Frequency
Although fewer than 100 cases are documented in English language literature, pseudoporphyria is most likely underreported in the literature because it is only a symptom of some other condition, e.g. side effect of medicine or symptom of liver problems. As the symptoms of pseudoporhphyra have other names, those symptoms are mentioned. The rarity of porphyria in modern times also makes the use of the term pseudoporphyria obscure. History
A careful history is of utmost importance when the diagnosis of pseudoporphyria is being considered. A personal and family history of hepatitis, porphyria, or photosensitivity disorder must be sought. Although a genetic factor has not been considered in pseudoporphyria, one case of monozygotic twins developing pseudoporphyria after excessive UV-A exposure from long-term tanning bed use has been documented. The patient should be thoroughly questioned regarding any symptoms of connective tissue disorder, which may be the underlying pathology of the photosensitivity. Recent reports suggest that a connective tissue disorder may be a predisposing factor in patients using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) who develop pseudoporphyria. References


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