There are five exceptional Lie groups: 
  
    
      
        
          
            
              g
            
          
          
            2
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}_{2}}
  , 
  
    
      
        
          
            
              f
            
          
          
            4
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {f}}_{4}}
  , 
  
    
      
        
          
            
              e
            
          
          
            6
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {e}}_{6}}
  , 
  
    
      
        
          
            
              e
            
          
          
            7
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {e}}_{7}}
  , and 
  
    
      
        
          
            
              e
            
          
          
            8
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {e}}_{8}}
  .
In December 1950, the chemist Paul Charpentier produced a series of compounds that included RP4560 or chlorpromazine. Simone Courvoisier conducted behavioural tests and found chlorpromazine produced indifference to aversive stimuli in rats.Chlorpromazine was distributed for testing to physicians between April and August 1951. Laborit trialled the medicine on at the Val-de-Grâce military hospital in Paris, using it as an anaesthetic booster in intravenous doses of 50 to 100 mg on surgery patients and confirming it as the best drug to date in calming and reducing shock, with patients reporting improved well being afterwards. He also noted its hypothermic effect and suggested it may induce artificial hibernation. Laborit thought this would allow the body to better tolerate major surgery by reducing shock, a novel idea at the time. Known colloquially as "Laborits drug", chlorpromazine was released onto the market in 1953 by Rhône-Poulenc and given the trade name Largactil, derived from large "broad" and acti* "activity".Following on, Laborit considered whether chlorpromazine may have a role in managing patients with severe burns, Raynauds phenomenon, or psychiatric disorders. At the Villejuif Mental Hospital in November 1951, he and Montassut administered an intravenous dose to psychiatrist Cornelia Quarti who was acting as a volunteer. Quarti noted the indifference, but fainted upon getting up to go to the toilet, and so further testing was discontinued (orthostatic hypotension is a known side effect of chlorpromazine). Despite this, Laborit continued to push for testing in psychiatric patients during early 1952.