Results
Increased spatial resolution allows a more sensitive detection of ischemia. Stress testing, even if made in time, is not able to guarantee the prevention of symptoms, fainting, or death. Stress testing, although more effective than a resting ECG at detecting heart function, is only able to detect certain cardiac properties. The detection of high-grade coronary artery stenosis by a cardiac stress test has been the key to recognizing people who have heart attacks since 1980. From 1960 to 1990, despite the success of stress testing to identify many who were at high risk of heart attack, the inability of this test to correctly identify many others is discussed in medical circles but unexplained. High degrees of coronary artery stenosis, which are detected by stress testing methods are often, though not always, responsible for recurrent symptoms of angina. Unstable atheroma produces "vulnerable plaques" hidden within the walls of coronary arteries which go undetected by this test. Limitation in blood flow to the left ventricle can lead to recurrent angina pectoris. See also
Cardiac steal syndrome
Duke Treadmill Score
Harvard step test
Metabolic equivalent
Robert A. Bruce
Wasserman 9-Panel Plot

References
External links
Preparing for the exercise stress test
"A Simple Exercise Tolerance Test for Circulatory Efficiency with Standard Tables for Normal Individuals," American Journal of the Medical Sciences
"Optimal Medical Therapy with or without PCI for Stable Coronary Disease," New England Journal of Medicine
Stress test information from the American Heart Association
Nuclear stress test information at NIH MedLine
Vaccination rates for children aged 13–17 with one or more TDaP shots was 90.2% in 2019. Only 43.6% of adults (older than 18) have received a TDaP shot in the last 10 years. The CDC aims to increase vaccination rate among 2 year olds from 80.4% to 90.0%

Combination vaccines with acellular pertussis
DTaP and Tdap are both combination vaccines against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. The lower-case "d" and "p" indicate smaller concentrations of diphtheria toxoids and pertussis antigens, and "a" in "ap/aP" indicates that the pertussis toxoids are acellular. DTaP
DTaP (also DTPa and TDaP) is a combination vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, in which the pertussis component is acellular. This is in contrast to whole-cell, inactivated DTP (DTwP). The acellular vaccine uses selected antigens of the pertussis pathogen to induce immunity. Because it uses fewer antigens than the whole-cell vaccines, it is considered to cause fewer side effects, but it is also more expensive. Research suggests that the DTP vaccine is more effective than DTaP in conferring immunity, because DTaPs narrower antigen base is less effective against current pathogen strains. Tdap
Tdap, (also dTpa), is a tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine. It was licensed in the United States for use in adults and adolescents on 10 June 2005. Two Tdap vaccines are available in the US. In January 2011, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended the use of Tdap in adults of all ages, including those age 65 and above.