In patients whose proteinuria is not controlled with ACE inhibitors, the addition of an aldosterone antagonist (i.e., spironolactone) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) may further reduce protein loss. Caution must be used if these agents are added to ACE inhibitor therapy due to the risk of hyperkalemia. Proteinuria secondary to autoimmune disease should be treated with steroids or steroid-sparing agent plus the use of ACE inhibitors. See also
Albuminuria
Microalbuminuria
List of terms associated with diabetes
Protein toxicity
Major urinary proteins
UPCR

References


== External links ==
Other features that may be seen on muscle biopsy include variability in fibre size, increase in internal and centralized nuclei, type 1 fibre hypotrophy with normally sized type 2 fibres, increased glycogen storage and variable vacuoles on light microscopy
The diagnosis is confirmed by sequencing of the EPG5. Differential diagnosis
This includes ataxia–telangiectasia, Chédiak–Higashi syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome, Griscelli syndrome and Marinesco–Sjögren syndrome. Treatment
There is no known curative treatment presently. Hearing aids and cataract surgery may be of use. Control of seizures, heart failure, and treatment of infection is essential. Tube feeding may be needed. Eponym
Vici syndrome was first described by Carlo Dionisi-Vici et al. (Rome, Italy) in an article from 1988 about two brothers with a previously unreported disorder. Since then, a few articles have reported the same disorder, which subsequently obtained the name Vici syndrome.About 10 years later, del Campo et al.