The Indian government approved paromomycin for sale in August 2006.By 2012 the World Health Organization had successfully negotiated with the manufacturers to achieve a reduced cost for liposomal amphotericin B, to US$18 a vial, but a number of vials are needed for treatment and it must be kept at a stable, cool temperature. Research
As of 2017, no leishmaniasis vaccine for humans was available. Research to produce a human vaccine is ongoing.Currently some effective leishmaniasis vaccines for dogs exist. There is also consideration that public health practices can control or eliminate leishmaniasis without a vaccine. See also
Canine vector-borne disease
Tropical disease

References
External links

Leishmaniasis at Curlie
Doctors Without Borders Leishmaniasis Information Page
CDC Leishmaniasis Page
A urethrocele is the prolapse of the female urethra into the vagina. Weakening of the tissues that hold the urethra in place may cause it to protrude into the vagina. Urethroceles often occur with cystoceles (involving the urinary bladder as well as the urethra). In this case, the term used is cystourethrocele. Signs and symptoms
There are often no symptoms associated with a urethrocele. When present, symptoms include stress incontinence, increased urinary frequency, and urinary retention (difficulty in emptying the bladder). Pain during sexual intercourse may also occur. Complications
Where a urethrocele causes difficulty in urinating, this can lead to cystitis. Cause
Urethroceles can often result as a result of damage to the supporting structures of the pelvic floor. Urethroceles can form after treatment for gynecological cancers. Urethroceles are often caused by childbirth, the movement of the baby through the vagina causing damage to the surrounding tissues. When they occur in women who have never had children, they may be the result of a congenital weakness in the tissues of the pelvic floor. Diagnosis
Treatment
A urethrocele can be treated surgically. See also
Rectocele
Urethropexy
Urethral bulking injections

References


== External links ==