volume overload after myocardial infarction) and dilation using the following governing equations:
  
    
      
        F
        =
        
          F
          
            e
          
        
        ⋅
        
          F
          
            g
          
        
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle F=F^{e}\cdot F^{g}\,}
  
where 
  
    
      
        
          F
          
            e
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle F^{e}}
   is elastic volume stretch that is reversible and 
  
    
      
        
          F
          
            g
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle F^{g}}
   is irreversible, isotropic volume growth described by:
  
    
      
        
          F
          
            g
          
        
        =
        
          I
        
        +
        [
        
          λ
          
            g
          
        
        −
        1
        ]
        
          f
          
            0
          
        
        ⊗
        
          f
          
            0
          
        
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle F^{g}=\mathbb {I} +[\lambda ^{g}-1]f_{0}\otimes f_{0}\,}
  
where 
  
    
      
        
          f
          
            0
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle f_{0}}
   is a vector, which points along a cardiomyocytes long axis and 
  
    
      
        
          λ
          
            g
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle \lambda ^{g}}
   is the cardiomyocyte stretch due to growth.
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is the development of a bacterial infection in the peritoneum,  despite the absence of an obvious source for the infection. It is specifically an infection of the ascitic fluid – an increased volume of peritoneal fluid. Ascites is most commonly a complication of cirrhosis of the liver. It can also occur in patients with nephrotic syndrome. SBP has a high mortality rate.The diagnosis of SBP requires paracentesis, a sampling of the peritoneal fluid  taken from the peritoneal cavity. If the fluid contains large numbers of white blood cells known as neutrophils (>250 cells/µL), infection is confirmed and antibiotics will be given, without waiting for culture results. In addition to antibiotics, infusions of albumin are usually administered.Other life-threatening complications such as kidney malfunction and increased liver insufficiency can be triggered by spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. 30% of SBP patients develop kidney malfunction, one of the strongest predictors for mortality. Where there are signs of this development albumin infusion will also be given.Spontaneous fungal peritonitis (SFP) can also occur and this can sometimes accompany a bacterial infection. Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) include fevers, chills, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and tenderness, general malaise, altered mental status, and worsening ascites. Thirteen percent of patients have no signs or symptoms.