Neonates
Intensive phototherapy at saturation dose is used as a first-line clinical treatment which decreases the amount of accumulated unconjugated bilirubin in the infants serum by the addition of oxygen, thus allowing it to dissolve in water so the liver can more easily convert it into products which can be excreted without further metabolism. For infants with hemolytic jaundice, severe and prolonged cases of hyperbilirubinemia, or high serum bilirubin that does not decrease after phototherapy, blood exchange transfusion is carried out at the umbilical venous catheter to mechanically remove bilirubin. In cases of immune hemolytic jaundice, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy may be used to treat the condition. Administration of intravenous immunoglobulin can block monocyte Fc-receptors, preventing or reducing further hemolysis. Adults
In adults, hemolytic jaundice is uncommon, and medical treatment methods should be determined by recognizing the underlying causes of hemolysis in the patient. Complications
In cases where patients receive poor or no treatment of jaundice, neurodevelopmental complications may follow the condition, eventually leading to hearing loss, visual impairment, and in severe cases, mortality. Hyperbilirubinemia
Hyperbilirubinemia may be observed when hemolysis produces too much bilirubin through the excessive breakdown of red blood cells, and the bilirubin builds up in the patients blood and tissue fluids without proper excretion. Untreated or inadequately treated hyperbilirubinemia will lead to other complications such as kernicterus. Kernicterus
Chronic bilirubin encephalopathy, also known as kernicterus, is a brain-damaging complication associated with both preterm and full term infants with jaundice, where the large amounts of unconjugated bilirubin in the infants become neurotoxic.
Tooth pathology is any condition of the teeth that can be congenital or acquired. Sometimes a congenital tooth diseases are called tooth abnormalities. These are among the most common diseases in humans The prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of these diseases are the base to the dentistry profession, in which are dentists and dental hygienists, and its sub-specialties, such as oral medicine, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and endodontics. Tooth pathology is usually separated from other types of dental issues, including enamel hypoplasia and tooth wear. Examples
Congenital
Anodontia

Acquired
Dental caries—Dental caries are known as cavities or tooth decay Bacteria in the mouth use foods that contain sugar or starch to produce acids which eat away at the tooth’s structure causing destruction to the enamel of the teeth. Meanwhile, the minerals in saliva (calcium and phosphate) together with fluoride are repairing the enamel. Dental caries is a chronic disease that can be prevented and show strongly in 6- to 11-year-old children and 12- to 19-year-old adolescents. 9 out of 10 adults are affected with some type of tooth decay. Prevention includes good oral hygiene that consists of brushing twice daily, flossing, eating nutritious meals and limiting snacking, and visiting the dentist on a regular basis. Fluoride treatments benefit the teeth by strengthening while sealants help chewing surfaces to not decay. Severe cases can lead to tooth extraction and dentures.