However, an exercise stress test may provide more information about exercise tolerance than a pharmacologic stress test.Commonly used agents include:

Vasodilators acting as adenosine receptor agonists, such as adenosine itself, and dipyridamole (brand name "Persantine"), which acts indirectly at the receptor. Regadenoson (brand name "Lexiscan"), which acts specifically at the adenosine A2A receptor, thus affecting the heart more than the lung. Dobutamine. The effects of beta-agonists such as dobutamine can be reversed by administering beta-blockers such as propranolol.Lexiscan (Regadenoson) or Dobutamine is often used in patients with severe reactive airway disease (asthma or COPD) as adenosine and dipyridamole can cause acute exacerbation of these conditions. If the patients Asthma is treated with an inhaler then it should be used as a pre-treatment prior to the injection of the pharmacologic stress agent. In addition, if the patient is actively wheezing then the physician should determine the benefits versus the risk to the patient of performing a stress test especially outside of a hospital setting. Caffeine is usually held 24 hours prior to an adenosine stress test, as it is a competitive antagonist of the A2A adenosine receptor and can attenuate the vasodilatory effects of adenosine.Aminophylline may be used to attenuate severe and/or persistent adverse reactions to Adenosine and Lexiscan. Limitations
The stress test does not detect:
Atheroma
Vulnerable plaquesThe test has relatively high rates of false positives and false negatives compared with other clinical tests. Females in particular have a higher rate of false positives, which is theorized to be because on average they have smaller hearts.
Freshwater snails: Pila spp., Pomacea canaliculata, Cipangopaludina chinensis, Bellamya aeruginosa and Bellamya quadrata
Slugs: Limax maximus, Limax flavus Deroceras laeve, Deroceras reticulatum, Laevicaulis alte, Sarasinula plebeia, Vaginulus yuxjsjs, Lehmannia valentiana, Phiolomycus bilineatus, Macrochlamys loana, Meghimatium bilineatum and probably other species of slugs.Definitive hosts of A. cantonensis include wild rodents, especially the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) and the black rat (Rattus rattus).Paratenic hosts of A. cantonensis include the predatory land flatworm Platydemus manokwari and the amphibians, Bufo asiaticus, Rana catesbeiana, Rhacophorus leucomystax and Rana limnocharis.In 2004, a captive yellow-tailed black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus funereus) and two free-living tawny frogmouths (Podargus strigoides) suffering neurological symptoms were shown to have the parasite. They were the first avian hosts discovered for the organism. In 2018, in Mallorca two North African hedgehogs with signs of acute neurological disease were found to have A. cantonensis in their brains, one of them with a gravid female. It was the first report of hedgehogs as hosts of Angiostrongylus.The Hawaiʻi Dept. of Health states that fresh water opihi can carry the parasite, as well as other aquatic organisms such as prawns, frogs, and water monitor lizards. House pets may interact with A. cantonensis-carrying animals yet not well studied. Cats are known to carry and spread feline lungworm in rat and snail interactions. Pathogenesis of human angiostrongylosis
The presence of parasitic worms burrowed in the neural tissue of the human central nervous system (CNS) causes complications.