However, the Mayo Clinic has reported significant success treating early bile duct cancer with liver transplantation using a protocolized approach and strict selection criteria.Adjuvant therapy followed by liver transplantation may have a role in treatment of certain unresectable cases. Locoregional therapies including transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), transarterial radioembolization (TARE) and ablation therapies have a role in intrahepatic variants of cholangiocarcinoma to provide palliation or potential cure in people who are not surgical candidates. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy
If the tumor can be removed surgically, people may receive adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy after the operation to improve the chances of cure. If the tissue margins are negative (i.e. the tumor has been totally excised), adjuvant therapy is of uncertain benefit. Both positive and negative results have been reported with adjuvant radiation therapy in this setting, and no prospective randomized controlled trials have been conducted as of March 2007. Adjuvant chemotherapy appears to be ineffective in people with completely resected tumors. The role of combined chemoradiotherapy in this setting is unclear. However, if the tumor tissue margins are positive, indicating that the tumor was not completely removed via surgery, then adjuvant therapy with radiation and possibly chemotherapy is generally recommended based on the available data. Treatment of advanced disease
The majority of cases of cholangiocarcinoma present as inoperable (unresectable) disease in which case people are generally treated with palliative chemotherapy, with or without radiotherapy. Chemotherapy has been shown in a randomized controlled trial to improve quality of life and extend survival in people with inoperable cholangiocarcinoma.
Some scientists believed that udder inflation could cause stimulation that then prevents calcium loss. Other scientists suggested that udder inflation prevented milk secretion, reducing calcium loss overall. This may prevent calcium being taken from the blood plasma. Later Theories
The true cause of milk fever was first suggested by Prof John Russell Greig and Henry Dryerre in March 1925, at the Moredun Research Institute in Scotland. This idea was later confirmed experimentally by Little and Wright in May 1925. By 1933, Pulles began treatments with magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, which is the basis for modern pharmaceutical treatments. References
External links
Prevention of Milk Fever, University of Kentucky
Parturient Paresis in Cows (Milk fever, Hypocalcemia), The Merck Veterinary Manual