The 1550 BC Ebers Papyrus describes tablets to cure bad breath based on incense, cinnamon, myrrh and honey. Hippocratic medicine advocated a mouthwash of red wine and spices to cure bad breath. Alcohol-containing mouthwashes are now thought to exacerbate bad breath as they dry the mouth, leading to increased microbial growth. The Hippocratic Corpus also describes a recipe based on marble powder for females with bad breath. The Ancient Roman physician Pliny wrote about methods to sweeten the breath.Ancient Chinese emperors required visitors to chew clove before an audience. The Talmud describes bad breath as a disability, which could be grounds for legal breaking of a marriage license. Early Islamic theology stressed that the teeth and tongue should be cleaned with a siwak, a stick from the plant Salvadora persica tree. This traditional chewing stick is also called a Miswak, especially used in Saudi Arabia, an essentially is like a natural toothbrush made from twigs. During the Renaissance era, Laurent Joubert, doctor to King Henry III of France states bad breath is "caused by dangerous miasma that falls into the lungs and through the heart, causing severe damages".In B. G. Jefferis and J. L. Nichols "Searchlights on Health" (1919), the following recipe is offered: "[One] teaspoonful of the following mixture after each meal: One ounce chloride of soda, one ounce liquor of potassa, one and one-half ounces phosphate of soda, and three ounces of water." In the present day, bad breath is one of the biggest social taboos.
The severity and localization of disease presentation is dependent on the timing and stage of tooth development in which the defective enamel formation occurred. Hereditary causes of enamel hypoplasia include:

Primary abnormalities in enamel development, such as amelogenesis imperfecta
Certain dermatological conditions, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Other complex hereditary conditions such as Usher syndrome, Seckel syndrome, Treacher-Collins syndrome, Heimler syndrome & Ellis-Van Creveld syndromeEnvironmental causes of enamel hypoplasia include:

Nutritional deficits, such as Vitamin D, iron or calcium deficiency
Birth injury or preterm birth
Smoking during pregnancy
Trauma
Radiation
Certain infections (e.g. congenital syphilis, cytomegalovirus, congenital rubella)
Certain diseases (such as undiagnosed and untreated celiac disease, chicken pox, congenital syphilis)
High fever
Hypoxia (i.e. from severe cardiac defect)
Excessive fluoride exposure (dental fluorosis)
Tetracycline
Vitamin A, C, or D deficiency

Clinical relevance
Enamel hypoplasia is a risk factor for dental caries in children including early childhood caries (ECC), which continues to be a burden for many children. This association has been identified as significant and independent, and is believed that the formation of pits and missing enamel provides a suitable local environment for adhesion and colonization of cariogenic bacteria. Historically, enamel hypoplasia has been under-appreciated as a risk factor for ECC. Developmental defects in enamel that affect tooth appearance in the esthetic zone (i.e. upper front teeth) may cause individuals to experience social embarrassment or anxiety regarding the appearance of their teeth. Guidelines for Treatment of Enamel Hypoplasia
Dental sealants may be indicated for the prevention of caries in hypoplastic pit & fissure systems.