This usually picks out either the motor neurons (known as motor neuron disease) or the sensory neurons (known as sensory neuronopathy or dorsal root ganglionopathy).The effect of this is to cause symptoms in more than one part of the body, often symmetrically on left and right sides. As for any neuropathy, the chief symptoms include motor symptoms such as weakness or clumsiness of movement; and sensory symptoms such as unusual or unpleasant sensations such as tingling or burning; reduced ability to feel sensations such as texture or temperature, and impaired balance when standing or walking. In many polyneuropathies, these symptoms occur first and most severely in the feet. Autonomic symptoms also may occur, such as dizziness on standing up, erectile dysfunction, and difficulty controlling urination.Polyneuropathies usually are caused by processes that affect the body as a whole. Diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance are the most common causes. Hyperglycemia-induced formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is related to diabetic neuropathy. Other causes relate to the particular type of polyneuropathy, and there are many different causes of each type, including inflammatory diseases such as Lyme disease, vitamin deficiencies, blood disorders, and toxins (including alcohol and certain prescribed drugs). Most types of polyneuropathy progress fairly slowly, over months or years, but rapidly progressive polyneuropathy also occurs.
Renal hypoplasia is an abnormality that a person is born with in which one or both of the kidneys are smaller than normal (hypoplastic) but with normal structure.It is defined as abnormally small kidneys, where the size is less than two standard deviations below the expected mean for the corresponding demographics, and the morphology is normal. Disease severity depends on whether hypoplasia is unilateral or bilateral, and the degree of reduction in the number of nephrons. Presentation
Hypoplastic kidneys are prone to infection and kidney stone formation, have a reduced nephron number,( normal corticomedullary differentiation)

Complications
Renal hypoplasia is a common cause of kidney failure in children and also of adult-onset disease. Diagnosis
Diagnosis is typically through ultrasonography. Prevalence
Epidemiologic studies point to an estimated incidence of 1 in 400 births. == References ==