At poolside, not having a non-metallic fiberglass pole or net on hand to pull someone to safety in case the pool water is electrified, and the victim is still conscious. Furthermore, to not know where the circuit breakers for the pool are located. Failure to install a "feed-through" type GFCI to all electrical devices that are an integral part of a Swimming pool, or not testing it weekly. This is a particular concern due to the use of electric lights and pumps where persons are immersed in water. The GFCI has the typical "test" and "reset" buttons, but no plug-in outlets. A 12-volt system is safer, though not foolproof, as it is ultimately connected to the 120/240 volt power mains. Most electrocutions come from incorrectly grounded or bonded lights. This can send electric current through a pool light even if it is not turned on. Using an ordinary vacuum cleaner in wet or damp areas. Only a "wet vac" is suitable for this purpose. Overfilling its collection container is also unsafe. Not double checking polarity before doing a jump start, or attempting a jump on a frozen battery. Although 12-volt batteries used in vehicles are at a safe voltage, a short circuit can still cause various types of burns and an explosion. Failure to replace high-risk appliances of decades past with new ones (hand-held corded electric drills, blow dryers, etc.) Not inquiring about the voltage when traveling abroad for those residing in the Americas, Japan, and Taiwan (countries with 110-125 volts).
A Tillaux fracture  is a Salter–Harris type III fracture through the anterolateral aspect of the distal tibial epiphysis. It occurs in older adolescents between the ages of 12 and 15 when the medial epiphysis had closed but before the lateral side has done so, due to an avulsion of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament, at the opposite end to a Wagstaffe-Le Fort avulsion fracture

Mechanism
The fracture commonly results from an abduction-external rotation force, causing the anterior tibiofibular ligament to avulse the anterolateral corner of the distal tibial epiphysis resulting in a Salter Harris Type III fracture. Pathology
It occurs in older children at the end of growth. Variability in fracture pattern is due to progression of physeal closure as anterolateral part of distal tibial physis is the last to close. When the lateral physis is the only portion not fused, external rotation may lead to Tillaux or Triplane fractures. Treatment
If the displacement at fracture is less than 2 mm, it may be managed conservatively. However, displacement requires open reduction and internal fixation, especially when displacement is over 2 mm. Epidemiology
It occurs commonly in adolescents and older children. However, it does occur rarely in adults though it may be under reported because of difficulty in diagnosis. Etymology
This fracture pattern is named after Paul Jules Tillaux, a French Anatomist and Surgeon (1834-1904). See also
Ankle fracture

References


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