A large number of mutant alleles of ATP2A2 have been identified in association with Dariers Disease. One study of 19 families and 6 sporadic cases found 24 specific, novel mutations associated with DAR symptoms. This study reported a loose, imperfect correlation between the severity of ATP2A2 mutations with the severity of the condition. Significant variability in disease severity between members of the same family carrying the same mutation was also reported by this study, suggesting that genetic modifiers contribute to the phenotypic penetrance of certain mutations.The mutation is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. This means that only one allele needs to be mutated  in order to express the trait. This also means that someone who is born to one parent with DAR has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutant allele and having the disease. Loss-of-function mutations typically display recessive inheritance while the gain-of-function or hyperactive function of proteins is characteristic of dominant mutations. The observation that only one mutated allele of the SERCA2 is sufficient to produce clinical symptoms suggests that proper “gene dosage” is necessary for maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis in cells. This means that two wild type copies of ATP2A2 are needed for proper cell function, which provides a logical basis for dominant phenotypes arising from loss-of-function alleles.
Vaccination is an effective method to prevent pathogenic
diseases in aquaculture and different kinds vaccines to prevent GBS infections have been developed recently.GBS has also been found in many other animals, such as camels, dogs, cats, crocodiles, seals, elephants and dolphins. References
External links
CDC—Group B Strep (GBS)
Group B Strep Association US
Group B Strep Support UK
Type strain of Streptococcus agalactiae at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase