By enhancing miR-33 function, the level of ABCA1 is decreased, leading to decrease cellular cholesterol efflux to apoA-1. On the other hand, by inhibiting miR-33 function, the level of ABCA1 is increased and increases the cholesterol efflux to apoA-1. Suppression of miR-33 will lead to less cellular cholesterol and higher plasma HDL level through the regulation of ABCA1 expression.The sugar, cyclodextrin, removed cholesterol that had built up in the arteries of mice fed a high-fat diet. DNA damage
Aging is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular problems. The causative basis by which aging mediates its impact, independently of other recognized risk factors, remains to be determined. Evidence has been reviewed for a key role of DNA damage in vascular aging.8-oxoG, a common type of oxidative damage in DNA, is found to accumulate in plaque vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages and endothelial cells, thus linking DNA damage to plaque formation. DNA strand breaks also increased in atherosclerotic plaques. Werner syndrome (WS) is a premature aging condition in humans. WS is caused by a genetic defect in a RecQ helicase that is employed in several repair processes that remove damages from DNA. WS patients develop a considerable burden of atherosclerotic plaques in their coronary arteries and aorta: calcification of the aortic valve is also frequently observed. These findings link excessive unrepaired DNA damage to premature aging and early atherosclerotic plaque development (see DNA damage theory of aging).
In a 2002 study involving 78 patients with a migraine or tension-type headache, CT scans showed abnormalities in over a third of the patients, though arachnoid cysts only accounted for 2.6% of patients in this study. A study found 18% of patients with intracranial arachnoid cysts had non-specific headaches. The cyst was in the temporal location in 75% of these cases. Seizures
Hydrocephalus (excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid)
Increased intracranial pressure
Developmental delay
Behavioral changes
Nausea
Dysdiadokinesis
Hemiparesis (weakness or paralysis on one side of the body)
Ataxia (lack of muscle control)
Musical hallucination
Pre-senile dementia, a condition often associated with Alzheimers disease
In elderly patients (>80 years old) symptoms were similar to chronic subdural hematoma or normal pressure hydrocephalus:Dementia
Urinary incontinence
Hemiparesis
Headache
Seizures

Location-specific symptoms
A supratentorial arachnoid cyst can mimic a Ménières disease attack. Frontal arachnoid cysts have been associated with depression. Cysts on the left temporal lobe have been associated with psychosis. A left fronto-temporal cyst showed symptoms of alexithymia. Cyst on the right sylvian fissure resulted in new onset of schizophrenia-like symptoms at age 61. A patient with a cyst on the left middle cranial fossa had auditory hallucinations, migraine-like headaches, and periodic paranoia
Patients with left temporal lobe cysts had mood disturbances similar to manic depression (bipolar disorder) and were known to show outward aggression

Causes
The exact cause of arachnoid cysts is not known. Researchers believe that most cases of arachnoid cysts are developmental malformations that arise from the unexplained splitting or tearing of the arachnoid membrane.In some cases, arachnoid cysts occurring in the middle fossa are accompanied by underdevelopment (hypoplasia) or compression of the temporal lobe.