In December 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for molnupiravir for the treatment of mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in adults with positive results of direct SARS-CoV-2 viral testing who are at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death, and for whom alternative COVID-19 treatment options authorized by the FDA are not accessible or clinically appropriate.In October 2021, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) started a rolling review of molnupiravir.In November 2021, molnupiravir was approved in the U.K. by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) for the treatment of established infections of COVID-19. The MHRA issued a conditional marketing authorization applicable in the U.K., and an emergency use authorization for Northern Ireland.In November 2021, the Bangladesh Directorate General of Drug Administration (DGDA) authorized emergency use of molnupiravir.In January 2022, molnupiravir was approved for medical use in Israel. Names
Molnupiravir is the international nonproprietary name (INN).Generic versions are available under the brand names Molulife (Mankind) and Molena (Emcure). Public health concerns
At a November 2021 AMDAC meeting, multiple advisors raised the concern that molnupiravir could accelerate the emergence of variants of concern. Other scientists raised similar concerns both before and after the meeting. Research
COVID-19 clinical trial
In October 2021, preliminary results from a clinical trial (MOVe-OUT) indicated that treatment with molnupiravir may reduce the risk of hospitalization and death from COVID-19.
Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is a rare form of malignant histiocytosis. It should not be confused with Langerhans cell histiocytosis, which is cytologically benign. It can present most commonly in the skin and lymphatic tissue, but may also present in the lung, liver, and bone marrow. Treatment is most commonly with surgery or chemotherapy. Classification
Dendritic cell neoplasms are classified by the World Health Organization as follows:
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Langerhans cell sarcoma
Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma/tumor
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma/tumor
Dendritic cell sarcoma

Epidemiology
The exact incidence of LCS is unknown due to the rarity of the condition. The related condition, Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is estimated to have an incidence of around 5 cases per 1 million people per year. In one review of Japanese patients with confirmed LCS, patients were a median age of 41 years. Patients were twice as likely to be female than male. In another systematic review, the median age of presentation was 50 years, but with a slight predilection for males. Pathophysiology
Throughout the body in locations such as mucous membranes, skin, lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen are cells known as antigen-presenting cells. These cells are surveillance cells that take foreign antigens and present them to antigen-processing cells, such as T-cells, protecting the body from potential harm. Antigen-presenting cells are also termed Dendritic cells, of which Langerhans cells are a subtype. There are four main types that make up the structure and functions of lymphoid tissue, such as lymph nodes and splenic tissue.