Layers imagable with optical coherence tomography
Using optical coherence tomography (OCT) there are 18 layers that can be identified in the retina. The layers and anatomical correlation are as follows:

From innermost to outermost, the layers identifiable by OCT are as follows:

Development
Retinal development begins with the establishment of the eye fields mediated by the SHH and SIX3 proteins, with subsequent development of the optic vesicles regulated by the PAX6 and LHX2 proteins. The role of Pax6 in eye development was elegantly demonstrated by Walter Gehring and colleagues, who showed that ectopic expression of Pax6 can lead to eye formation on Drosophila antennae, wings, and legs. The optic vesicle gives rise to three structures: the neural retina, the retinal pigmented epithelium, and the optic stalk. The neural retina contains the retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) that give rise to the seven cell types of the retina. Differentiation begins with the retinal ganglion cells and concludes with production of the Muller glia. Although each cell type differentiates from the RPCs in a sequential order, there is considerable overlap in the timing of when individual cell types differentiate. The cues that determine a RPC daughter cell fate are coded by multiple transcription factor families including the bHLH and homeodomain factors.In addition to guiding cell fate determination, cues exist in the retina to determine the dorsal-ventral (D-V) and nasal-temporal (N-T) axes. The D-V axis is established by a ventral to dorsal gradient of VAX2, whereas the N-T axis is coordinated by expression of the forkhead transcription factors FOXD1 and FOXG1.
How stem cells might restore sight Technology Review
Australian Vision Prosthesis Group, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales
RetinaCentral, Genetics and Diseases of the Human Retina at University of Würzburg
Retinal layers image. NeuroScience 2nd Ed at United States National Library of Medicine
Jeremy Nathanss Seminars: "The Vertebrate Retina: Structure, Function, and Evolution"
Retina – Cell Centered Database
Histology image: 07901loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University
MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: 002291