However, in many species (especially horses and dogs), cross matching is not required before the first transfusion, as antibodies against non-self cell surface antigens are not expressed constitutively – i.e. the animal has to be sensitized before it will mount an immune response against the transfused blood. The rare and experimental practice of inter-species blood transfusions is a form of xenograft. See also
Anemia
Arnault Tzanck
Blood transfusion in Sri Lanka
Blood type (non-human)
Xenotransfusion
Young blood transfusion, a pseudoscientific practice involving the transfusion of blood taken from young donors to older recipients that is claimed to have health benefits
AIDS

References
Further reading
Tucker, Holly (2012). Blood Work: A Tale of Medicine and Murder in the Scientific Revolution. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393342239. "Milk as a Substitute for Blood Transfusion", historical account, Scientific American, 13 July 1878, p. 19

External links
Transfusion Evidence Library searchable source of evidence for transfusion medicine. Blood transfusion societies
American Association of Blood Banks (AABB)
British Blood Transfusion Society (BBTS)
International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT)

Books
Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens Free online book at NCBI Bookshelf ID: NBK2261
Handbook of Transfusion Medicine Free book published in the UK 5th edition

Guidelines
American Association of Blood Banks Clinical Practice Guidelines
Australian National Blood Authority Patient Blood Management Guidelines
British Committee for Standards in Haematology
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Blood Transfusion Guidance UK Guidance for transfusion. Canadian Blood Transfusion Guidelines
German Medical Association Guidelines (English), published 2014. Patient information
Blood Transfusion Leaflets (NHS Blood and Transplant)
Blood Transfusion Leaflets (Welsh Blood Service)
Blood Transfusion Information (Scotland)
Blood Transfusion Information (Australia)
Blood Transfusion Information (American Cancer Society)
An acral nevus  is a cutaneous condition of the palms, soles, fingers, or toes (peripheral body parts), characterized by a skin lesion that is usually macular or only slightly elevated, and may display a uniform brown or dark brown color, often with linear striations. : 1726 Acral nevi may occur in all ethnic groups, but are more common in dark-skinned people. The acral nevus is a benign skin lesion that can occur at any age, but is generally noticed between 10 and 30 years of age. Both children and adults may be observed with this skin lesion. The prevalence of acral nevi increases directly with degree of skin pigmentation. In a study, palmar or plantar nevi were detected in 42.0% of black (50 of 119) vs 23.0% of whites (79 of 343). Palmar or plantar nevi of 6 mm diameter or larger were detected in 3.4% of blacks (4 of 119) vs 0.6% of whites.They are brown to dark brown in color and have linear streaks of darker pigmentation. Size is usually 7 mm or less, oval or spindle shaped, and well-demarcated. They become stable after an initial growth phase, and the number of lesions also decreases; a new lesion in middle-aged or elderly people should raise suspicion of acral lentiginous melanoma. Additional image
See also
Acral lentiginous melanoma
List of cutaneous conditions

References


== External links ==