However, specialists consider that it is no less actual or hurtful than pain from any other source.People with long-term pain frequently display psychological disturbance, with elevated scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scales of hysteria, depression and hypochondriasis (the "neurotic triad"). Some investigators have argued that it is this neuroticism that causes acute pain to turn chronic, but clinical evidence points the other direction, to chronic pain causing neuroticism. When long-term pain is relieved by therapeutic intervention, scores on the neurotic triad and anxiety fall, often to normal levels. Self-esteem, often low in chronic pain patients, also shows improvement once pain has resolved. : 31–2

Management
Pain can be treated through a variety of methods. The most appropriate method depends upon the situation. Management of chronic pain can be difficult and may require the coordinated efforts of a pain management team, which typically includes medical practitioners, clinical pharmacists, clinical psychologists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners.Inadequate treatment of pain is widespread throughout surgical wards, intensive care units, and accident and emergency departments, in general practice, in the management of all forms of chronic pain including cancer pain, and in end of life care. This neglect extends to all ages, from newborns to medically frail elderly.
In this case, it is also referred to as cryptogenic, in which genetic and sometimes hereditary influences play a role. There are known cases in which West syndrome appears in successive generations in boys; this has to do with X-chromosomal heredity. Genetic
Mutations in several genes have been associated with West syndrome. These include the Aristaless related homeobox (ARX) and  cyclin dependent kinase like 5 (CDKL5) genes. The ARX gene in particular seems to be responsible for at least some of the X linked cases. Variants in the KCNT1 gene can also in rare cases result in West syndrome. Idiopathic
Occasionally the syndrome is referred to as idiopathic West syndrome, when a cause cannot be determined. Important diagnostic criteria are:
Regular development until the onset of the attacks or before the beginning of the therapy
no pathological findings in neurological or neuroradiological studies
no evidence of a trigger for the spasmsThose are becoming rare due to modern medicine. Diagnosis
Diagnosis can be made by EEG. In case of epileptic spasms, EEG shows typical hypsarrhythmia patterns. Treatment
As of 2017, data on optimal treatment was limited. Therapies with hormones is the standard of care, namely adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), or oral
corticosteroids such as prednisone. Vigabatrin is also a common consideration, though there is a risk of visual field loss with long term use.