Babies that dont "coo" or babble
Babies that dont respond to noise or speech around them
Their first words have not been spoken by 15 months
They have a 50-word vocabulary, or less, by two years old
Others struggle to understand what the child is saying at 3 years or older
Other adults should be able to understand at least 75% of what child says. Struggles to follow simple instructions at 2 years old and beyond
Has speech sound error after five years old
"t", "d" and "n" should be pronounced correctly by age 3Experts recommend an initial evaluation by a pediatrician, who might also recommend an evaluation by a speech-language pathologist. Indications for referral to a speech language pathologist
Indications include:
Doubt as to the nature of the childs speech changes
Exhibit of reactions of avoidance or escape (pauses, interjections, eye blinks and head nods)
Three or more stuttering dysfluencies (e.g. b-but, a-and, thi-this) per 100 syllables uttered.Children may feel a demand to start speaking at a higher level and can have difficulties with speech that exhibits the following patterns:
Fast-paced speech rate with few pauses
The use of several questions in a sentence
Interruption
Lack of learning time
If their teacher/parent does not listen to themWhen those around a child speak too quickly or input several questions within one sentence, the child must engage several cortices as well as comprehension skills in order to verbally respond to the person they are talking to. If the child lacks learning time as they develop, they will be unable to process harder words and hit a stalling point in sentence comprehension.
A distichia is an eyelash that arises from an abnormal part of the eyelid. This abnormality, attributed to a genetic mutation, is known to affect dogs and humans. Distichiae usually exit from the duct of the meibomian gland at the eyelid margin. They are usually multiple, and sometimes more than one arises from a duct. They can affect either the upper or lower eyelid and are usually bilateral. The lower eyelids of dogs usually have no eyelashes.Distichiae usually cause no symptoms, because the lashes are soft, but they can irritate the eye and cause tearing, squinting, inflammation, corneal ulcers and scarring. Treatment options include manual removal, electrolysis, electrocautery, CO2 laser ablation, cryotherapy, and surgery. Commonly affected breeds
In veterinary medicine, some canine breeds are affected by distichiasis more frequently than others:

Cocker Spaniel
Dachshund (especially the miniature longhaired Dachshund)
Bulldog
Pekingese
Yorkshire Terrier
Flat-Coated Retriever
Shetland Sheepdog
Boxer
Poodle

Ectopic cilia
An ectopic cilia is a special type of distichia usually found in younger dogs. Commonly affected breeds include Poodles, Golden Retrievers, and Shih Tzus. The eyelash exits through the conjunctiva of the eyelid facing toward the eye, usually at the middle of the upper eyelid. It can cause intense pain and corneal ulcers. Treatment is surgery or cryotherapy. See also
Trichiasis
Lymphedema distichiasis

References


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