There are some people who are more prone to develop acne mechanica. The biggest group of people affected by this type of acne are teenagers and young adults in their twenties who already experience issues with acne on their back, shoulders, and buttocks. Other people who have a type of acne commonly described as "sandpaper acne," which is characterized as small but rough acne lesions that are not very visible but feel like sandpaper to the touch, also are more prone to developing acne mechanica. Mechanism
Acne mechanica specifically is triggered by both mechanical and heat stress on the skin working together to cause this irritation. The skin that is exposed to these stressors initially develops a harder surface to protect itself, but if the skin is continually dealing with this pressure, it gets irritated and forms a rash. At this point, it gets qualified as acne mechanica. When you are in a hot climate or are working out and your body temperature rises, the heat causes the pores in your skin to open up. The dilation of the pores makes it easier for bacteria, oil, and dead skin cells to collect in the pores and clog them. Every pore in your body has a tiny hair follicle, and the blockage causes the hair follicle to become irritated and inflamed, which ends up forming pimples; specifically acne mechanica. White blood cells flood the area of inflammation, and once they die, they accumulate on the surface of the pore, causing what is known as a "whitehead".
Hemolytic jaundice, also known as prehepatic jaundice, is a type of jaundice arising from hemolysis or excessive destruction of red blood cells, when the byproduct bilirubin is not excreted by the hepatic cells quickly enough. Unless the patient is concurrently affected by hepatic dysfunctions or is experiencing hepatocellular damage, the liver does not contribute to this type of jaundice.As one of the three categories of jaundice, the most obvious sign of hemolytic jaundice is the discolouration or yellowing of the sclera and the skin of the patient, but additional symptoms may be observed depending on the underlying causes of hemolysis. Hemolytic causes associated with bilirubin overproduction are diverse and include disorders such as sickle cell anemia, hereditary spherocytosis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, hemolysis secondary to drug toxicity, thalassemia minor, and congenital dyserythropoietic anemias. Pathophysiology of hemolytic jaundice directly involves the metabolism of bilirubin, where overproduction of bilirubin due to hemolysis exceeds the livers ability to conjugate bilirubin to glucuronic acid.Diagnosis of hemolytic jaundice is based mainly on visual assessment of the yellowing of the patients skin and sclera, while the cause of hemolysis must be determined using laboratory tests. Treatment of the condition is specific to the cause of hemolysis, but intense phototherapy and exchange transfusion can be used to help the patient excrete accumulated bilirubin. Complications related to hemolytic jaundice include hyperbilirubinemia and chronic bilirubin encephalopathy, which may be deadly without proper treatment.