They both arise on the calcaneus and extend into the dorsal aponeurosis of digits one to four, just beyond the penultimate joints. They act to dorsiflex the digits. Similar to the intrinsic muscles of the hand, there are three groups of muscles in the sole of foot, those of the first and last digits, and a central group:

Muscles of the big toe: the abductor hallucis stretches medially along the border of the sole, from the calcaneus to the first digit. Below its tendon, the tendons of the long flexors pass through the tarsal canal. The abductor hallucis is an abductor and a weak flexor, and also helps maintain the arch of the foot. The flexor hallucis brevis arises on the medial cuneiform bone and related ligaments and tendons. An important plantar flexor, it is crucial to ballet dancing. Both these muscles are inserted with two heads proximally and distally to the first metatarsophalangeal joint. The adductor hallucis is part of this group, though it originally formed a separate system (see Contrahens). It has two heads, the oblique head originating obliquely across the central part of the midfoot, and the transverse head originating near the metatarsophalangeal joints of digits five to three. Both heads are inserted into the lateral sesamoid bone of the first digit.
Gelesis100, sold under the brand name Plenity, is an oral hydrogel used to treat overweight and obesity. It absorbs water and expands in the stomach and small bowel thereby increasing feelings of fullness. Possible side effects include primarily gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, abdominal distention, infrequent bowel movements, constipation, abdominal pain, and flatulence. It is contraindicated in pregnancy, chronic malabsorption syndromes, and cholestasis. The US Food and Drug Administration approved it in 2019 as a medical device. Gelesis100 was developed by the company Gelesis. History
The US Food and Drug Administration approved the use of Gelesis100 in April 2019 as a medical device. Gelesis100 is the first treatment of its kind for overweight and obesity. Uses
Gelesis100 is used to treat obesity and overweight. Gelesis100 is taken as a pill before meals and with water. Mechanism and physiology
Gelesis100 is an oral superabsorbent hydrogel, which is produced from carboxymethylcellulose and citric acid. The cross-linked product forms a hydrophilic matrix, which absorbs water. Taken in capsule form by mouth, as Gelesis100 absorbs water, it expands in the stomach and small intestine. After absorbing water, a semisolid gel structure forms, which may promote satiety and result in weight loss. Contraindications
Gelesis100 is contraindicated in pregnancy, chronic malabsorption syndromes, and cholestasis. Side effects
Side effects consist of minor gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea, abdominal distention, infrequent bowel movements, constipation, abdominal pain, and flatulence. Gelesis100 is not associated with any severe adverse events. However, long-term safety data beyond 24 weeks is not available. References
External links
Official website