Also, just as sleep can reinforce memory in a persons brain, it can help consolidate the memory of the immune system or adaptive immunity.An adequate amount of sleep improves effects of vaccines that utilize adaptive immunity. When vaccines expose the body to a weakened or deactivated antigen, the body initiates an immune response. The immune system learns to recognize that antigen and attacks it when exposed again in the future. Studies have found that people who dont sleep the night after getting a vaccine were less likely to develop a proper immune response to the vaccine and sometimes even required a second dose. People who are sleep deprived in general also do not provide their bodies with sufficient time for an adequate immunological memory to form, and thus, can fail to benefit from vaccination.People who sleep less than 6 hours a night are more prone to infection and are more likely to catch a cold or flu. A lack of sleep can also prolong the recovery time in patients in intensive care unit (ICU). Weight gain
A lack of sleep can cause an imbalance in several hormones that are critical in weight gain. Sleep deprivation increases the level of ghrelin (hunger hormone) and decreases the level of leptin (fullness hormone), resulting in an increased feeling of hunger and desire for high-calorie foods. Sleep loss is also associated with decreased growth hormone and elevated cortisol levels, which are connected to obesity.
For this test, patients are asked to look at a grid, and distortions or blank spots in the patients central field of vision can be detected. A positive diagnosis of macular degeneration may account for a patients micropsia.A controlled size comparison task can be employed to evaluate objectively whether a person is experiencing hemimicropsia. For each trial, a pair of horizontally aligned circles is presented on a computer screen, and the person being tested is asked to decide which circle is larger. After a set of trials, the overall pattern of responses should display a normal distance effect where the more similar the two circles, the higher the number of errors. This test is able to effectively diagnose micropsia and confirm which hemisphere is being distorted.Due to the large range of causes that lead to micropsia, diagnosis varies among cases. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may find lesions and hypodense areas in the temporal and occipital lobes. MRI and CT techniques are able to rule out lesions as the cause for micropsia, but are not sufficient to diagnose the most common causes. Definition
Micropsia is the most common visual distortion, or dysmetropsia. It is categorized as an illusion in the positive phenomena grouping of abnormal visual distortions. Convergence-accommodative micropsia is a physiologic phenomenon in which an object appears smaller as it approaches the subject. Psychogenic micropsia can present itself in individuals with certain psychiatric disorders.