The popularity of SSRIs also increased the case reports of patients with discontinuation syndrome, which sometimes includes CNS symptoms like anxiety and irritability. In this chapter, the author provides a comprehensive overview of the above- mentioned adverse effects affecting the CNS function associated with psychotropic pharmacotherapy. In addition, several other pathological conditions potentially causing encephalopathic symptoms in psychiatric patients treated with psychotropic drugs, e.g., hyponatremia, valproate-induced hyperammonemia, transient splenial lesion of the corpus callosum, and so on, are also described.Fume events on aircraft have been linked to cases of toxic encephalopathy, for example in the case of JetBlue Captain Andrew Myers, who as a result of exposure needed a cane to walk, experienced tremors and struggled to speak. In the following year, the Federal Aviation Administration revoked Myers medical certificate; the workers compensation board agreed that Myers experienced brain damage as a result of the event. Diagnosis
Rapid diagnosis is important to attempt to prevent further damage to the brain and further neurologic deficits. It is a diagnosis of exclusion, so a full work up for other possible etiologies (hepatic, uremic, infectious, oncologic) should be performed. In addition to  the neurological examination, diagnostic testing could include MRI, PET or SPECT brain imaging, EEG, QEEG and most importantly, neuropsychological testing. Screening for heavy metals, as well as other toxins, should be done immediately as those are some of the most common causes and the patient can then remove themselves from the dangerous environment. In addition, a full examination of blood (CBC) and metabolites (CMP) should be done.
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Research
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases scientists have been studying and treating patients with mastocytosis for several years at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center.Some of the most important research advances for this rare disorder include improved diagnosis of mast cell disease and identification of growth factors and genetic mechanisms responsible for increased mast cell production. Researchers are currently evaluating approaches to improve ways to treat mastocytosis.Scientists also are focusing on identifying disease-associated mutations (changes in genes). NIH scientists have identified some mutations, which may help researchers understand the causes of mastocytosis, improve diagnosis, and develop better treatments.In Europe the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis (ECNM) coordinates studies, registries and education on mastocytosis. History
Urticaria pigmentosa was first described in 1869. The first report of a primary mast cell disorder is attributed to Unna, who in 1887 reported that skin lesions of urticaria pigmentosa contained numerous mast cells. Systemic mastocytosis was first reported by French scientists in 1936. See also
Mastocytoma

References
Further reading
Gruchalla, Rebecca S. (June 1995). "Mastocytosis: Developments During the Past Decade". The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 309 (6): 328–338. doi:10.1097/00000441-199506000-00007. PMID 7771504.