Trishna and Krishna from Bangladesh born in December 2006, joined on the tops of their skulls and sharing a small amount of brain tissue. In 2009, they were separated in Melbourne, Australia. Ganga and Jamuna Shreshta, born in Kathmandu, Nepal in 2000, were successfully separated by Dr. Chumpon Chan and his team from the Singapore General Hospital in 2001
Rital and Ritaj Gaboura of Sudan, were separated at 11 months old in 2011 at the Great Ormond Street Hospital in London. As of 2019 they lived in Ireland. Jadon and Anias McDonald were separated at 13 months old in 2016 in a crowdfunded operation costing $2.5million (USD) at Montefiore Hospital in New York. Maria Ysadora and Maria Ysabelle, born in July 2016, were successfully separated on October 27, 2018, after a five-step surgery in São Paulo, Brazil by a multidisciplinary team of neurosurgeons and plastic surgeons led by Helio Machado and James Tait Goodrich. Safa and Marwa Bibi, born in Peshawar, Pakistan, on January 7, 2017, were separated in February 2019 during the third of three surgeries. Erin and Abby Delaney, born on July 24, 2016 in North Carolina, were successfully separated by a team led by Dr. Jesse Taylor and Dr. Gregory Heuer at the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia on June 6, 2017. Jaga and Kalia, twins from Odisha, India, were separated successfully in September 2017 at All India Institutes of Medical Sciences in New Delhi and kept at SCB Medical College for monitoring.
Alcohol dependence is a previous (DSM-IV and ICD-10) psychiatric diagnosis in which an individual is physically or psychologically dependent upon alcohol (also chemically known as ethanol). In 2013, it was reclassified as alcohol use disorder in DSM-5, which combined alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse into this diagnosis. Definition
Diagnosis
DSM: Alcohol dependence
According to the DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence, at least three out of seven of the following criteria must be manifest during a 12-month period:

Tolerance
Withdrawal symptoms or clinically defined alcohol withdrawal syndrome
Use in larger amounts or for longer periods than intended
Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down on alcohol use
Time is spent obtaining alcohol or recovering from effects
Social, occupational and recreational pursuits are given up or reduced because of alcohol use
Use is continued despite knowledge of alcohol-related harm (physical or psychological)

Other alcohol-related disorders
Because only 3 of the 7 DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence are required, not all patients meet the same criteria and therefore not all have the same symptoms and problems related to drinking. Not everyone with alcohol dependence, therefore, experiences physiological dependence. Alcohol dependence is differentiated from alcohol abuse by the presence of symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal. Both alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse are sometimes referred to by the less specific term alcoholism. However, many definitions of alcoholism exist, and only some are compatible with alcohol abuse. There are two major differences between alcohol dependence and alcoholism as generally accepted by the medical community. Alcohol dependence refers to an entity in which only alcohol is the involved addictive agent.