Positive antibodies include:Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA) - 65% of people
Anti-actin antibodies
Anti-mitochondrial antibodies - rare except for overlap syndromes with primary biliary cholangitis
Anti-soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas antibody antigen - 20% of people
Anti-double stranded DNA - 30% of people
Atypical perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANCA)
Type 2 autoimmune hepatitis. Positive antibodies include:Liver Kidney Microsomal antibody (LKM-1)
Anti-liver cytosol antibody-1 (SLC-1)
Autoantibody negative autoimmune hepatitis.Lack positive ANA, ASMA, LKM-1, etc. antibody panels but present with clinical features of autoimmune hepatitis that resolve with standard treatment. Differential diagnosis
Other diagnoses to consider include conditions that may cause acute hepatitis or chronic liver inflammation that may be accompanied by cirrhosis:

Other autoimmune diseases that involve the liver:
Primary biliary cholangitis - the presence of isolated elevated AMA antibodies usually signifies primary biliary cholangitis rather than autoimmune hepatitis and further diagnostic evaluation is needed. Overlap syndromes - autoimmune hepatitis may present similarly to primary sclerosing cholangitis but people with primary sclerosing cholangitis have stricturing and dilatation of intra/extra-hepatic ducts while people with autoimmune hepatitis generally have a spared biliary tree.
Epidemiology
Autoimmune hepatitis can develop in people of any race or age but occurs most frequently in women. Eighty percent of cases are the type 1 subtype with women being affected 4 times more often than men; for the type 2 subtype, women are affected 10 times more often than men.European studies suggest a disease incidence of 1 to 2 people affected per 100,000 population with a prevalence of 10 to 25 people per 100,000 population.The disease has a bimodal peak occurring between the ages of 10 to 20 and then later in life between the ages of 40 to 50. History
Autoimmune hepatitis was previously called "lupoid" hepatitis due to people having an associated autoimmune disease like system lupus erythematosus at time of diagnosis, which was believed to be its cause. It was originally described in the early 1950s. References


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