Meningoencephalitis is a rare, late-stage manifestation of tick-borne ricksettial diseases, such as RMSF and human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (HME), caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis (a species of rickettsiales bacteria).Other bacteria that can cause it are Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Tuberculosis, Borrelia (Lyme disease) and Leptospirosis. Viral
Tick-borne encephalitis
West Nile virus
Measles
Epstein–Barr virus
Varicella-zoster virus
Enterovirus
Herpes simplex virus type 1
Herpes simplex virus type 2
Rabies virus
Adenovirus, although meningoencephalitis is almost solely seen in heavily immunocompromised patients. Mumps, a relatively common cause of meningoencephalitis. However, most cases are mild, and mumps meningoencephalitis generally does not result in death or neurologic sequelae. HIV, a very small number of individuals exhibit meningoencephalitis at the primary stage of infection. Autoimmune
Antibodies targeting amyloid beta peptide proteins which have been used during research on Alzheimers disease. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor antibodies, which are also associated with seizures and a movement disorder, and related to anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. NAIM or "Nonvasculitic autoimmune inflammatory meningoencephalitis" (NAIM). They can be divided into GFAP- and GFAP+ cases. The second is related to the autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy. Protozoal
Naegleria fowleri (percolozoa)
Trypanosoma brucei (euglenozoa)
Toxoplasma gondii (apicomplexa)

Animal
Halicephalobus gingivalisThis nematode is an exceptionally rare cause of meningoencephalitis. Other/multiple
Other causes include granulomatous meningoencephalitis and vasculitis. The fungus, Cryptococcus neoformans, can be symptomatically manifested within the CNS as meningoencephalitis with hydrocephalus being a very characteristic finding due to the unique thick polysaccharide capsule of the organism. Diagnosis
Clinical diagnosis includes evaluation for the presence of recurrent or recent herpes infection, fever, headache, altered mental status, convulsions, disturbance of consciousness, and focal signs. Testing of cerebrospinal fluid is usually performed.
Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C6H5CH2OH. The benzyl group is often abbreviated "Bn" (not to be confused with "Bz" which is used for benzoyl), thus benzyl alcohol is denoted as BnOH. Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor. It is a useful solvent due to its polarity, low toxicity, and low vapor pressure. Benzyl alcohol has moderate solubility in water (4 g/100 mL) and is miscible in alcohols and diethyl ether. The anion produced by deprotonation of the alcohol group is known as benzylate or benzyloxide. Natural occurrences
Benzyl alcohol is produced naturally by many plants and is commonly found in fruits and teas. It is also found in a variety of essential oils including jasmine, hyacinth and ylang-ylang. It is also found in castoreum from the castor sacs of beavers. Benzyl esters also occur naturally. Preparation
Benzyl alcohol is produced industrially from toluene via benzyl chloride, which is hydrolyzed:

C6H5CH2Cl + H2O → C6H5CH2OH + HClAnother route entails hydrogenation of benzaldehyde, a by-product of the oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid.For laboratory use, Grignard reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide (C6H5MgBr) with formaldehyde and the Cannizzaro reaction of benzaldehyde also give benzyl alcohol. The latter also gives benzoic acid, an example of an organic disproportionation reaction. Reactions
Like most alcohols, it reacts with carboxylic acids to form esters. In organic synthesis, benzyl esters are popular protecting groups because they can be removed by mild hydrogenolysis.Benzyl alcohol reacts with acrylonitrile to give N-benzylacrylamide.