Uses in cell biology
Verapamil inhibits the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family of proteins found in stem cells and has been used to study cancer stem cells (CSC) within head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.Verapamil is also used in cell biology as an inhibitor of drug efflux pump proteins such as P-glycoprotein and other ABC transporter proteins. This is useful, as many tumor cell lines overexpress drug efflux pumps, limiting the effectiveness of cytotoxic drugs or fluorescent tags. It is also used in fluorescent cell sorting for DNA content, as it blocks efflux of a variety of DNA-binding fluorophores such as Hoechst 33342. Radioactively labelled verapamil and positron emission tomography can be used with to measure P-glycoprotein function. See also
Gallopamil
Tiapamil

References
External links
"Verapamil". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Verapamil hydrochloride". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Several SDS patient groups are advocating for better therapies for SDS, and one organization is focused on driving the therapy development efforts. The challenge is whether the SDS community can come together to support the required research, and whether the organizations can successfully execute a strategy that coordinates the efforts for new therapy development. Epidemiology
It is thought to have an estimated incidence of 1 in 75,000 people. History
The disease was first described as a coherent clinical entity in May 1964 by Bodian, Sheldon, and Lightwood. It was subsequently described by Shwachman, Diamond, Oski, and Khaw in November of the same year. In 2001, linkage analysis in SDS families indicated that affected gene mapped to a large region of human chromosome seven. In 2002, this interval was refined to a region on the long arm of the chromosome next to the centromere.In 2003, a team of researchers led by Johanna Rommens at the Hospital of Sick Children (SickKids) in Toronto, Canada, discovered mutations in the SBDS gene (Shwachman–Bodian–Diamond syndrome) were associated with disease. Eponym
Shwachman–Diamond syndrome, less commonly known as Shwachman–Bodian–Diamond syndrome, is named for Harry Shwachman (1910 – September 12, 1986), an American physician, Martin Bodian (1912 – May 12, 1994), a British ophthalmologist who worked in New York City, and Louis Klein Diamond (May 11, 1902 – June 14, 1999), an American pediatrician. References
Further reading
Foerster (2014). "Ch 37. Inherited Aplastic Anemia Syndromes". In John P. Greer; Daniel A. Arber; Bertil Glader; Alan F. List; Robert T. Means Jr.; Frixos Paraskevas; George M. Rodgers; John Foerster (eds.).