Heparin increases the affinity of antithrombin to thrombin (as well as factor Xa). The direct thrombin inhibitors, a newer class of medication, directly inhibit thrombin by binding to its active site. Recombinant thrombin is available as a powder for reconstitution into aqueous solution. It can be applied topically during surgery, as an aid to hemostasis. It can be useful for controlling minor bleeding from capillaries and small venules, but ineffective and not indicated for massive or brisk arterial bleeding. Food production
Thrombin, combined with fibrinogen, is sold under the brand name Fibrimex for use as a binding agent for meat. Both proteins in Fibrimex derives from porcine or bovine blood. According to the manufacturer it can be used to produce new kinds of mixed meats (for example combining beef and fish seamlessly). The manufacturer also states that it can be used to combine whole muscle meat, form and portion these, thus cutting down on production costs without a loss in quality.General secretary Jan Bertoft of Swedish Consumers Association has stated that "there is danger of misleading the consumers since there is no way to tell this reconstituted meat from real meat". See also
Cerastocytin
Fibrin glue
Fibrinogen
PA clan of proteases
The Proteolysis Map
Thrombin generation assay

References
Further reading
External links
The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: S01.217
Kujovich JL (February 2021). Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA,  et al. (eds.). "Prothrombin Thrombophilia". GeneReviews. Seattle WA: University of Washington, Seattle. PMID 20301327. NBK1148.
Symptoms
Sheep
Infected sheep experience sunburn at face, ears, teats and vulva. It is the primary symptom of the poisoning caused by sporidesmin. The sunburn is caused by the fact that the lower tissue is swollen. The skin gets crusty, dark and then peels,. making it susceptible to infection. Other symptoms include dullness, weakness, inappetence, and ill-thrift. An affection of the liver results in jaundice. In a worst-case, the sheep die. Cattle
Infected cattle suffer from sunburn. Dark pigmented skin is often affected. Cattle produce less milk. Jaundice is possible and death after some months. Treatment
Convalescence can take a long time, but some animals may not get healthy. External therapy is possible to treat the sunburn. Animals could be protected by the intake of zinc. Zinc reacts with sporidesmin to create a metallic complex, so that the poison can be eliminated from the body. Prevention and control
If animals are sunburned, they should be placed in the stable to protect them from sunlight. Infected cattle should no longer be used in milk production.Reduce flock density (0.45 hectare/ 15 cows or 100 sheep)GGT (enzyme) is released by the damaged liver over the course of this disease and can be tested to indicate disease severity. == References ==