Critical nerves affected are the glossopharyngeal nerve (which partially controls swallowing and functions in the throat, tongue movement, and taste), the vagus nerve (which sends signals to the heart, intestines, and lungs), and the accessory nerve (which controls upper neck movement). Due to the effect on swallowing, secretions of mucus may build up in the airway, causing suffocation. Other signs and symptoms include facial weakness (caused by destruction of the trigeminal nerve and facial nerve, which innervate the cheeks, tear ducts, gums, and muscles of the face, among other structures), double vision, difficulty in chewing, and abnormal respiratory rate, depth, and rhythm (which may lead to respiratory arrest). Pulmonary edema and shock are also possible and may be fatal. Bulbospinal polio
Approximately 19 percent of all paralytic polio cases have both bulbar and spinal symptoms; this subtype is called respiratory or bulbospinal polio. Here, the virus affects the upper part of the cervical spinal cord (cervical vertebrae C3 through C5), and paralysis of the diaphragm occurs. The critical nerves affected are the phrenic nerve (which drives the diaphragm to inflate the lungs) and those that drive the muscles needed for swallowing. By destroying these nerves, this form of polio affects breathing, making it difficult or impossible for the patient to breathe without the support of a ventilator. It can lead to paralysis of the arms and legs and may also affect swallowing and heart functions.
Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a rare skin disorder. The overall prevalence rate of lymphomatoid papulosis is estimated at 1.2 to 1.9 cases per 1,000,000 population. [This is a widespread misinterpretation of a 1992 study saying "the period prevalence rate of lymphomatoid papulosis was estimated to be 1.9 per 1,000,000 population for Massachusetts and 1.2 per 1,000,000 population for Pennsylvania". The authors of that study said clearly "Our estimate of 1.2-1.9 cases per 1,000,000 population should be considered a minimum estimate of the prevalence rate". That estimate was based on the 78 patients involved in the study, not the LvP population. The study recruited 11 patients from Massachusetts and 15 from Pennsylvania ]. This rare condition has only been studied in depth since 1968. Presentation
It can appear very similar to anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Type "A" is CD30 positive, while type "B" is CD30 negative.It has been described as "clinically benign but histologically malignant." Treatment
It may respond to methotrexate or PUVA. Prognosis
It can evolve into lymphoma. See also
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Parapsoriasis
Secondary cutaneous CD30+ large cell lymphoma
List of cutaneous conditions

References


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