Epidemiology
In 2018, there were 208,619 new cases of leprosy recorded, a slight decrease from 2017. In 2015, 94% of the new leprosy cases were confined to 14 countries. India reported the greatest number of new cases (60% of reported cases), followed by Brazil (13%) and Indonesia (8%). Although the number of cases worldwide continues to fall, there are parts of the world where leprosy is more common, including Brazil, South Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan), some parts of Africa (Tanzania, Madagascar, Mozambique), and the western Pacific. About 150 to 250 cases are diagnosed in the United States each year.In the 1960s, there were tens of millions of leprosy cases recorded when the bacteria started to develop resistance to dapsone, the most common treatment option at the time. International (e.g., the WHOs "Global Strategy for Reducing Disease Burden Due to Leprosy") and national (e.g., the International Federation of Anti-Leprosy Associations) initiatives have reduced the total number and the number of new cases of the disease. Disease burden
The number of new leprosy cases is difficult to measure and monitor because of leprosys long incubation period, delays in diagnosis after onset of the disease, and lack of medical care in affected areas. The registered prevalence of the disease is used to determine disease burden. Registered prevalence is a useful proxy indicator of the disease burden, as it reflects the number of active leprosy cases diagnosed with the disease and receiving treatment with MDT at a given point in time.
According to Tural Selçukbiricik, Günver, Karışmaz, and Serdengecti, “the tumour had an expansive growing pattern and a few pleomorphic, atypical cells, and a rare mitotic activity.”(Tural Selçukbiricik, Günver, Karışmaz, and Serdengecti, 2013) They also completed thoracic, abdominal, and cranial CT scans to determine the state of metastasis. The patient has a routine check-up of every three months to ensure no recurrence occurs and so far, has not had any relapse for two years following her procedure. Malignant chondroid syringoma of the scalp
This 2013 case report by Malik, Saxena, and Kamath investigates the “large, fungating, and ulcerated growth”(Malik, Saxena, and Kamath, 2013) on the scalp of a sixty-one-year-old woman. The tumour was painless and developed gradually over nine months. An initial diagnosis determined the growth to be a squamous cell malignancy of the scalp. The patient was suggested to have a CECT scan of their head. The scan revealed dural invasion and a surgical excision with primary closure was performed. The histopathology findings revealed:“small groups as well as scattered pleomorphic epithelial cells having hyperchromatic nuclei and scanty cytoplasm with one to two mitotic figures of high power field, surrounded by abundant basophilic chondromyxoid stroma, diagnostic of malignant CS.”The woman died two days after her operation after yielding a “high-grade fever and altered sensorium.”(Malik, Saxena, and Kamath, 2013)

Multifocal and recurrent malignant chondroid syringoma
This report follows the development of MCS on a sixty-four-year-old male patient. The masses were described as skin lesions that had developed in a nodular fashion on the patients right arm.