Acute aphasias
Expressive aphasia also known as Brocas aphasia, expressive aphasia is a non-fluent aphasia that is characterized by damage to the frontal lobe region of the brain. A person with expressive aphasia usually speaks in short sentences that make sense but take great effort to produce. Also, a person with expressive aphasia understands another persons speech but has trouble responding quickly. Receptive aphasia also known as Wernickes aphasia, receptive aphasia is a fluent aphasia that is categorized by damage to the temporal lobe region of the brain. A person with receptive aphasia usually speaks in long sentences that have no meaning or content. People with this type of aphasia often have trouble understanding others speech and generally do not realize that they are not making any sense. Conduction aphasia
Anomic aphasia
Global aphasia
Primary progressive aphasias
Progressive nonfluent aphasia
Semantic dementia
Logopenic progressive aphasia

Learning disability
Dyscalculia – an impairment in the systems used in communicating numbers
Dyslexia – an impairment in systems used in reading
Dysgraphia – an impairment in the systems used in writing

Speech disorders
cluttering - a syndrome characterized by a speech delivery rate which is either abnormally fast, irregular, or both. dysarthria - a condition that occurs when problems with the muscles that helps a person to talk make it difficult to pronounce words. esophageal voice - involves the patient injecting or swallowing air into the esophagus. Usually learnt and used by patients who cannot use their larynges to speak. Once the patient has forced the air into their esophagus, the air vibrates a muscle and creates esophageal voice.
Hereditary angiopathy with nephropathy, aneurysms and muscle cramps syndrome is a rare genetic, multisystemic, COL4A1-related disorder, it is characterized by angiopathy, nephropathy, hematuria, development of kidney cysts, intracranial aneurysms (which have the potential to burst), childhood-onset muscle cramps, urinal, heart and ocular problems. Half of the people with this disorder (50%) have leukoencephalopathy, while a very small number of people with this disorder have Raynauds phenomenon. Causes
This syndrome is caused by mutations in the COL4A1 gene, on the chromosome 13q34, this gene provides instructions for making one of the components necessary for the formation of a protein called type IV collagen, this protein is one of the main components for basement membranes throughout the body.The mutations of the gene causes the production of a protein that alters the structure of collagen type IV, because of this, the collagen molecules cant attach themselves to the basement membranes, and, without these networks, they turn unstable and thus weaken surrounding tissues, explaining the weakening of vasculature of ocular, renal, cerebral and muscular tissues.This disorder run in families following an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern

Epidemiology
Although the exact prevalence of this disorder isnt known, only six families affected by this disorder have been recorded in medical literature. == References ==