Although it might be described by some as a "degeneration", the term macular degeneration should be reserved for the specific disease "age-related macular degeneration". Very few affected individuals go completely blind from retinoschisis, but some sufferers have very limited reading vision and are "legally blind". Visual acuity can be reduced to less than 20/200 in both eyes. Individuals affected by XLRS are at an increased risk for retinal detachment and eye hemorrhage, among other potential complications. Retinoschisis causes acuity loss in the center of the visual field through the formation of tiny cysts in the retina, often forming a "spoke-wheel" pattern that can be very subtle. The cysts are usually only detectable by a trained clinician. In some cases vision cannot be improved by glasses, as the nerve tissue itself is damaged by these cysts. The National Eye Institute (NEI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is conducting clinical and genetic studies of X-Linked Juvenile Retinoschisis. This study began in 2003 and as of 2018 is continuing to recruit patients. A better understanding of why and how XLRS develops might lead to improved treatments. Males diagnosed with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis and females who are suspected carriers may be eligible to participate. In addition to giving a medical history and submitting medical records, participants submit a blood sample and the NEI will perform a genetic analysis. There is no cost to participate in this study. Tractional retinoschisis
This may be present in conditions causing traction on the retina especially at the macula.
Penile pain refers to pain in the penis, human or otherwise. Common causes
Penile injury
Circumcision
Penile fracture
Priapism
Phimosis
Peyronies disease
Sexually transmitted infections
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome

Cultural references
Priapus, a minor Greek god of fertility, is marked by his oversized, permanent erection, which gave rise to the medical term priapism. Some researchers believe the depiction of Priapus penis referred to a penile disease, and that paintings of Priapus were used to ward off the disease. See also
Genital pain
Vaginal pain
Testicular pain
List of the causes of genital pain


== References ==