In the final step, 4,7-dichloroquinoline was reacted with 1-diethylamino-4-aminopentane. By 1949, chloroquine manufacturing processes had been established to allow its widespread use. Society and culture
Formulations
Chloroquine comes in tablet form as the phosphate, sulfate, and hydrochloride salts. Chloroquine is usually dispensed as the phosphate. Names
Brand names include Chloroquine FNA, Resochin, Dawaquin, and Lariago. Other animals
Chloroquine, in various chemical forms, is used to treat and control surface growth of anemones and algae, and many protozoan infections in aquariums, e.g. the fish parasite Amyloodinium ocellatum. It is also used in poultry malaria. : 1237

Research
Chloroquine was proposed as a treatment for SARS, with in vitro tests inhibiting the SARS-CoV virus. In October 2004, a published report stated that chloroquine acts as an effective inhibitor of the replication of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in vitro. In August 2005, a peer-reviewed study confirmed and expanded upon the results.Chloroquine was being considered in 2003, in pre-clinical models as a potential agent against chikungunya fever. COVID-19
Other
The radiosensitizing and chemosensitizing properties of chloroquine are being evaluated for anticancer strategies in humans. In biomedicinal science, chloroquine is used for in vitro experiments to inhibit lysosomal degradation of protein products. Chloroquine and its modified forms have also been evaluated as treatment options for inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. References
External links

"Chloroquine". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Medicines for the Prevention of Malaria While Traveling – Chloroquine (Aralen)" (PDF) (Fact sheet). U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The dictionary definition of chloroquine at Wiktionary
In descending order of activity:
Herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1)
Herpes simplex virus type II (HSV-2)
Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)The drug is predominantly active against HSV and, to a lesser extent, VZV. It is only of limited efficacy against EBV and CMV. However, valaciclovir has been shown to lower or eliminate the presence of the Epstein–Barr virus in subjects afflicted with acute mononucleosis, leading to a significant decrease in the severity of symptoms. Valaciclovir and acyclovir act by inhibiting viral DNA replication, but as of 2016 there was little evidence that they are effective against Epstein–Barr virus, they are expensive, they risk causing resistance to antiviral agents, and (in 1% to 10% of cases) can cause unpleasant side effects. Acyclovir therapy does prevent viral latency, but has not proven effective at eradicating latent viruses in nerve ganglia.As of 2005, resistance to valaciclovir has not been significant. Mechanisms of resistance in HSV include deficient viral thymidine kinase and mutations to viral thymidine kinase and/or DNA polymerase that alter substrate sensitivity.It also is used for herpes B virus postexposure prophylaxis. Chemistry
Details of the synthesis of valaciclovir were first published by scientists from the Wellcome Foundation. Aciclovir was esterified with a carboxybenzyl protected valine, using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as the dehydrating agent. In the final step, the protecting group was removed by hydrogenation using a palladium on alumina catalyst. History
Valaciclovir was patented in 1987 and came into medical use in 1995. It is available as a generic medication.