Medical history
Waardenburg syndrome was first described by Petrus J Waardenburg in 1951 in the American Journal of Human Genetics. It is now commonly thought that the description refers to Waardenburg syndrome Type 1. The description focused on the distinguishing feature of dystopia canthorum, the wide distance between the eyes observed in over 80% of patients with Type 1. Variations in Type 1 and the difference from Type 2 were later described by Arias in 1971. In 1991, Da-Silva in focused on Brazilian children who exhibited the physical characteristics of Type 1 followed by Winship and Beighton in 1992 with 68 children to describe the onset and manifestation of Type 1. Research in 2016 resulted in connecting the hearing loss and other physical features to the syndrome and provided more accurate diagnosis. == References ==
Funisitis is inflammation of the connective tissue of the umbilical cord that occurs with chorioamnionitis. It involves only the external cord surface and Whartons jelly. It has no involvement of the vessels. It does not involve the umbilical stump, which would be seen in omphalitis. Necrotizing funisitis
Necrotizing funisitis is a very severe form of funisitis that occurs when the funisitis has been present for a long time. Debris from inflammatory cells accumulate and the cord becomes calcified. Treatment with IV antibiotics is necessary for necrotizing funisitis, with a minimum of 7 days. This can occur in healthy born infants; the infection occurs in the days and weeks following birth. With IV antibiotic treatment and early management, outcomes are good. Syphilis association
It could be associated with congenital syphilis, which is noted in a journal from 1999. It is now rare, and seen almost exclusively in the preterm infant. The majority of these affected infants are stillborn, or die within a few weeks of birth. See also
Chorioamnionitis
Placentitis


== References ==