Halotestin and many of its metabolites contain two polar hydroxyl groups, leading to intermolecular hydrogen bonding that increases their boiling point and reduces volatility. In order to attain a gaseous sample for GC-MS, the products of hydrolysis are extracted, dissolved in methanol and derivatised to form volatile trimethylsilyl (TMS) esters by adding N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyl-trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) and trimethylsilylimidazole (TMSImi). History
Fluoxymesterone was first described in 1956 and was introduced for medical use in the United States in 1957. Over time the use of fluoxymesterone has become increasingly controversial and limited. Society and culture
Generic names
Fluoxymesterone is the generic name of the drug and its INN, USP, BAN, DCIT, and JAN, while fluoxymestérone is its DCF. Brand names
Brand names of fluoxymesterone include Android-F, Androxy, Halotestin, Ora-Testryl, and Ultandren among others. Availability
United States
Fluoxymesterone is one of the few AAS that remains available for medical use in the United States. The others (as of November 2017) are testosterone, testosterone cypionate, testosterone enanthate, testosterone undecanoate, methyltestosterone, oxandrolone, and oxymetholone. Other countries
Availability of fluoxymesterone aside from the United States remains scarce, but it is marketed in some other countries such as Mexico, Moldova, and Taiwan. Legal status
Fluoxymesterone, along with other AAS, is a schedule III controlled substance in the United States under the Controlled Substances Act. References


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Carvedilol has also been proven to reduce death and hospitalization in patients with severe heart failure.In practice, carvedilol has been used in the treatment of uncomplicated hypertension, yet studies suggest it has relatively ineffective blood pressure-lowering effects when compared with other blood pressure-lowering therapies or other beta blockers. Available forms
Carvedilol is available in the following forms:

Oral tablet
Extended-release (24-hour) oral capsule (approved by the FDA in 2006)

Contraindications
Carvedilol should not be used in patients with bronchial asthma or bronchospastic conditions due to increased  risk of bronchoconstriction. It should not be used in people with second- or third-degree atrioventricular block, sick sinus syndrome, severe bradycardia (unless a permanent pacemaker is in place), or a decompensated heart condition. People with severe hepatic impairment should use carvedilol with caution. Side effects
The most common side effects (>10% incidence) of carvedilol include:
Dizziness
Fatigue
Low blood pressure
Diarrhea
Weakness
Slowed heart rate
Weight gain
Erectile dysfunctionCarvedilol is not recommended for people with uncontrolled bronchospastic disease (e.g. current asthma symptoms) as it can block receptors that assist in opening the airways.Carvedilol may mask symptoms of low blood sugar, resulting in hypoglycemia unawareness. This is termed beta blocker induced hypoglycemia unawareness. Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
Carvedilol is both a non-selective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist (β1, β2) and an α-adrenergic receptor antagonist (α1). The S(–) enantiomer accounts for the beta-blocking activity whereas the S(–) and R(+) enantiomers have alpha-blocking activity.