Nicotine preloading, otherwise known as pre-cessation or pre-quitting NRT, has found that using the patch for a few weeks before the quit date produces significantly higher quit rates than if it was started on the quit day. The true pulmonary inhaler would deliver nicotine to the lungs in a manner that more resembles cigarette smoking, which would provide better relief of background cravings as well as acute cravings. Nicotine vaccines are under investigation as a method to treat tobacco dependence through priming the body to mount an immune response against nicotine. References
External links

"Nicotine". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. University of Wisconsin Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention
Recommendations for special populations
"Nicotine Lozenges". MedlinePlus. 2018-08-15. "Nicotine Nasal Spray". MedlinePlus. 2016-07-15. "Nicotine Oral Inhalation". MedlinePlus. 2016-07-15. "Nicotine Gum". MedlinePlus. 2017-10-15.
The published results from this clinical trial suggest "that blockade of α4β7 may not be an effective strategy for inducing virological remission in HIV-infected individuals after ART interruption" because only one patient showed prolonged virus suppression. References
External links
"Vedolizumab". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.