Elbows: cubitus varus (Latin cubitus = elbow) — turned inward elbows

See also
Valgus deformity

References
External links

Canale & Beaty: Campbells Operative Orthopaedics, 11th ed. - 2007 - Mosby, An Imprint of Elsevier
Society and culture
It is on the World Health Organizations List of Essential Medicines.Amiloride is on the World Anti-Doping Agencys list of banned substances, as it is considered a masking agent. Diuretics like amiloride act as masking agents by reducing the concentration of other doping agents due to promoting diuresis, increasing the total volume of the urine. The list includes other potassium-sparing diuretics, such as triamterene and spironolactone. In 2008, amiloride and the potassium-sparing diuretic triamterene were found in 3% of positive diuretic doping samples. Formulations and trade names
Amiloride hydrochloride
Midamor (U.S.)
Co-amilozide (amiloride hydrochloride with hydrochlorothiazide)
Co-amilofruse (amiloride hydrochloride with furosemide)
Amiloride hydrochloride with cyclopenthiazide
Amiloride hydrochloride with bumetanide

Research
Amiloride is an inhibitor of NHE-1, which helps to maintain normal pH within cells. Cancer cells in leukemia, a type of blood cancer, have higher pH compared to normal cells. Amiloride affects the splicing and regulation of multiple genes involved in cancer, though they do not appear to be directly related to its effects on pH. Amiloride has been tested in vitro as an adjunct to the anticancer drug imatinib, which appeared to show a synergistic effect. Modified versions of amiloride, known as 5-(N,N-dimethyl)-amiloride (DMA), 5-N-ethyl-N-isopropyl amiloride (EIPA), and 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)-amiloride (HMA), are being studied for the treatment of leukemia. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder due to a mutation in the CFTR gene, which encodes for the CFTR chloride channel. There is evidence that suggests that the molecular target of amiloride, ENaC, is also implicated in cystic fibrosis due to its effects on mucus in the lungs.