The appearance can be the same as that seen with primary microcephaly: a markedly small head, but with normal proportions. However, pansynostosis can also appear as a Kleeblattschädel (cloverleaf skull), which presents with bulging of the different bones of the cranial vault.The condition is associated with syndromes caused by mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor genes (FGFR), including thanatophoric dwarfism type 2 (FGFR3) and Pfeiffer syndrome type 2 (FGFR2). Other craniosynostosis types and their signs
Apert syndrome: an abnormal skull shape, small upper jaw, and fusion of the fingers and toes. Crouzon syndrome: Craniofacial abnormalities with bilateral coronal suture fusion; anterior and posterior of skull shortness, flat cheek bones and a flat nose are their features. Muenke syndrome: Coronal craniosynostosis (plagiocephaly and brachycephaly), short feet and palms, hearing impairment, hypertelorism, and proptosis
Pfeiffer syndrome: abnormalities of the skull, hands, and feet; wide-set, bulging eyes, an underdeveloped upper jaw, beaked nose. Saethre–Chotzen syndrome: short or broad head; the eyes may be spaced wide apart and have palpebral ptosis (droopy eyelids), and fingers maybe abnormally short and webbed. Complications
Not all cranial abnormalities seen in children with craniosynostosis are solely a consequence of the premature fusion of a cranial suture. This is especially true in the cases with syndromic craniosynostosis. Findings include elevation of the intracranial pressure; obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); abnormalities in the skull base and neurobehavioral impairment.
Hypermagnesemia is an electrolyte disorder in which there is a high level of magnesium in the blood. Symptoms include weakness, confusion, decreased breathing rate, and decreased reflexes. Complications may include low blood pressure and cardiac arrest.It is typically caused by kidney failure or is treatment-induced such as from antacids that contain magnesium. Less common causes include tumor lysis syndrome, seizures, and prolonged ischemia. Diagnosis is based on a blood level of magnesium greater than 1.1 mmol/L (2.6 mg/dL). It is severe if levels are greater than 2.9 mmol/L (7 mg/dL). Specific electrocardiogram (ECG) changes may be present.Treatment involves stopping the magnesium a person is getting. Treatment when levels are very high include calcium chloride, intravenous normal saline with furosemide, and hemodialysis. Hypermagnesemia is uncommon. Rates among hospitalized patients in renal failure may be as high as 10%. Signs and symptoms
Symptoms include weakness, confusion, decreased breathing rate, and decreased reflexes. As well as nausea, low blood pressure, low blood calcium, abnormal heart rhythms and asystole, dizziness, and sleepiness. Abnormal heart rhythms and asystole are possible complications of hypermagnesemia related to the heart. Magnesium acts as a physiologic calcium blocker, which results in abnormalities of the electrical conduction system of the heart. Consequences related to serum concentration:

4.0 mEq/L – Decreased reflexes
>5.0 mEq/L – Prolonged atrioventricular conduction
>10.0 mEq/L – Complete heart block
>13.0 mEq/L – Cardiac arrestThe therapeutic range for the prevention of the pre-eclamptic uterine contractions is: 4.0–7.0 mEq/L.