After long-term exposure to benzodiazepines,  GABAA receptors become down-regulated and uncoupled. Growth of new receptors and recoupling after prolonged flumazenil exposure has also been observed. It is thought this may be due to increased synthesis of receptor proteins.Flumazenil was found to be more effective than placebo in reducing feelings of hostility and aggression in patients who had been free of benzodiazepines for 4–266 weeks. This may suggest a role for flumazenil in treating protracted benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms. Low-dose, slow subcutaneous flumazenil administration is a safe procedure for patients withdrawing from long-term, high-dose benzodiazepine dependency. It has a low risk of seizures even amongst those who have experienced convulsions when previously attempting benzodiazepine withdrawal.In Italy, the gold standard for treatment of high-dose benzodiazepine dependency is 8–10 days of low-dose, slowly infused flumazenil. One addiction treatment centre in Italy has used flumazenil to treat over 300 patients who were dependent on high doses of benzodiazepines (up to 70 times higher than conventionally prescribed) with physicians being among the clinics most common patients. Clinical pharmacology
Flumazenil, an imidazobenzodiazepine derivative, antagonizes the actions of benzodiazepines on the central nervous system. Flumazenil competitively inhibits the activity at the benzodiazepine recognition site on the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex.
In pediatric medicine, acrocephalosyndactyly is the common presentation of craniosynostosis and syndactyly. When there is also polydactyly the classification is acrocephalopolysyndactyly. Cause
Diagnosis
Classification
It has several different types:

type I – Apert syndrome: 577 
type II – Crouzon syndrome: 577 
type III – Saethre–Chotzen syndrome
type IV – Goodman Syndrome
type V – Pfeiffer syndromeA related term, acrocephalopolysyndactyly, refers to the inclusion of polydactyly to the presentation. It also has multiple types:

type I – Noack syndrome; now classified with Pfeiffer syndrome
type II – Carpenter syndrome
type III – Sakati–Nyhan–Tisdale syndrome
type IV – Goodman syndrome; now classified with Carpenter syndrome
type V – Pfeiffer syndromeIt has been suggested that the distinction between "acrocephalosyndactyly" versus "acrocephalopolysyndactyly" should be abandoned. Treatment
See also
List of skin conditions
Oxycephaly

References
External links

Acrocephalosyndactylia at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)