It can result in chronic pain and disability, often with disastrous emotional and financial consequences to the patient. Many patients have traditionally been classified as "spinal cripples" and are consigned to a life of long-term narcotic treatment with little chance of recovery. Despite extensive work in recent years, FBS remains a challenging and costly disorder. Opioids
A study of chronic pain patients from the University of Wisconsin found that methadone is most widely known for its use in the treatment of opioid dependence, but methadone also provides effective analgesia. Patients who experience inadequate pain relief or intolerable side effects with other opioids or who suffer from neuropathic pain may benefit from a transition to methadone as their analgesic agent. Adverse effects, particularly respiratory depression and death, make a fundamental knowledge of methadones pharmacological properties essential to the provider considering methadone as analgesic therapy for a patient with chronic pain. Patient selection
Patients who have sciatic pain (pain in the back, radiating down the buttock to the leg) and clear clinical findings of an identifiable radicular nerve loss caused by a herniated disc will have a better post operative course than those who simply have low back pain. If a specific disc herniation causing pressure on a nerve root cannot be identified, the results of surgery are likely to be disappointing. Patients involved in workers compensation, tort litigation or other compensation systems tend to fare more poorly after surgery.
A cirsoid aneurysm, also referred to as an arteriovenous hemangioma is the dilation of a group of blood vessels due to congenital malformations with arterio venous (AV) shunting. "Cirsoid" means resembling a varix. They are most common on the head or neck.Cirsoid aneurysms appear as nodules or papules. Histologically, they are composed of both thick- and thin-walled blood vessels. == References ==