Complement fixation causes the generation of additional inflammatory mediators.Complement activation is very important in acute proliferative glomerulonephritis. Apparently immunoglobulin (Ig)-binding proteins bind C4BP. Complement regulatory proteins (FH and FHL-1), may be removed by SpeB, and therefore restrain FH and FHL-1 recruitment in the process of infection. Diagnosis
The following diagnostic methods can be used for acute proliferative glomerulonephritis:
Kidney biopsy
Complement profile
Imaging studies
Blood chemistry studiesClinically, acute proliferative glomerulonephritis is diagnosed following a differential diagnosis between (and, ultimately, diagnosis of) staphylococcal and streptococcal impetigo. Serologically, diagnostic markers can be tested; specifically, the streptozyme test is used and measures multiple streptococcal antibodies: antistreptolysin, antihyaluronidase, antistreptokinase, antinicotinamide-adenine dinucleotidase, and anti-DNAse B antibodies. Differential diagnosis
The differential diagnosis of acute proliferative glomerulonephritisis is based on the following:

Prevention
It is unclear whether or not acute proliferative glomerulonephritis (i.e., poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis) can be prevented with early prophylactic antibiotic therapy, with some authorities arguing that antibiotics can prevent development of acute proliferative glomerulonephritis

Treatment
Acute management of acute proliferative glomerulonephritis mainly consists of blood pressure (BP) control. A low-sodium diet may be instituted when hypertension is present. In individuals with oliguric acute kidney injury, the potassium level should be controlled. Thiazide or loop diuretics can be used to simultaneously reduce edema and control hypertension; however electrolytes such as potassium must be monitored. Beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and/or ACE inhibitors may be added if blood pressure is not effectively controlled through diureses alone. Epidemiology
Acute glomerulonephritis resulted in 19,000 deaths in 2013 down from 24,000 deaths in 1990.
References
Further reading
Group A Streptococcal Infections - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Wilkins, Lippincott Williams & (2004-01-01). Rapid Assessment: A Flowchart Guide to Evaluating Signs and Symptoms. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9781582552729. == External links ==