The shunt failure rate is also relatively high (of the 40,000 surgeries performed annually to treat hydrocephalus, only 30% are a persons first surgery) and people not uncommonly have multiple shunt revisions within their lifetimes.Another complication can occur when CSF drains more rapidly than it is produced by the choroid plexus, causing symptoms of listlessness, severe headaches, irritability, light sensitivity, auditory hyperesthesia (sound sensitivity), hearing loss, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, vertigo, migraines, seizures, a change in personality, weakness in the arms or legs, strabismus, and double vision to appear when the person is vertical. If the person lies down, the symptoms usually vanish quickly. A CT scan may or may not show any change in ventricle size, particularly if the person has a history of slit-like ventricles. Difficulty in diagnosing over-drainage can make treatment of this complication particularly frustrating for people and their families. Resistance to traditional analgesic pharmacological therapy may also be a sign of shunt overdrainage or failure.Following placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt there have been cases of a decrease in post-surgery hearing. It is presumed that the cochlea aqueduct is responsible for the decrease in hearing thresholds. The cochlea aqueduct has been considered as a probable channel where CSF pressure can be transmitted. Therefore, the reduced CSF pressure could cause a decrease in Perilymphatic pressure and cause secondary endolymphatic hydrops.
Funisitis is inflammation of the connective tissue of the umbilical cord that occurs with chorioamnionitis. It involves only the external cord surface and Whartons jelly. It has no involvement of the vessels. It does not involve the umbilical stump, which would be seen in omphalitis. Necrotizing funisitis
Necrotizing funisitis is a very severe form of funisitis that occurs when the funisitis has been present for a long time. Debris from inflammatory cells accumulate and the cord becomes calcified. Treatment with IV antibiotics is necessary for necrotizing funisitis, with a minimum of 7 days. This can occur in healthy born infants; the infection occurs in the days and weeks following birth. With IV antibiotic treatment and early management, outcomes are good. Syphilis association
It could be associated with congenital syphilis, which is noted in a journal from 1999. It is now rare, and seen almost exclusively in the preterm infant. The majority of these affected infants are stillborn, or die within a few weeks of birth. See also
Chorioamnionitis
Placentitis


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