Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (; abbreviated BWS) is an overgrowth disorder usually present at birth, characterized by an increased risk of childhood cancer and certain congenital features. A minority (<15%) cases of BWS are familial, meaning that a close relative may also have BWS, and parents of an affected child may be at increased risk of having other children with BWS. While children with BWS are at increased risk of childhood cancer, most children with BWS do not develop cancer and the vast majority of children who do develop cancer can be treated successfully. Presentation
No consensus clinical diagnostic criteria for Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) exist. Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) should be suspected in individuals who have one or more of the following major and/or minor findings.Major findings associated with BWS
Macrosomia (traditionally defined as weight and length/height >97th centile)
Macroglossia
Hemihyperplasia (asymmetric overgrowth of one or more regions of the body)
Omphalocele (also called exomphalos) or umbilical hernia
Embryonal tumor (e.g., Wilms tumor, hepatoblastoma, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma) in childhood
Visceromegaly involving one or more intra-abdominal organs including liver, spleen, kidneys, adrenal glands, and/or pancreas
Cytomegaly of the fetal adrenal cortex (pathognomonic)
Renal abnormalities including structural abnormalities, nephromegaly, nephrocalcinosis, and/or later development of medullary sponge kidney
Anterior linear ear lobe creases and/or posterior helical ear pits
Placental mesenchymal dysplasia
Cleft palate (rare in BWS)
Cardiomyopathy (rare in BWS)
Positive family history (≥1 family members with a clinical diagnosis of BWS or a history or features suggestive of BWS)Minor findings associated with BWS

Pregnancy-related findings including polyhydramnios and prematurity in fetuses with the condition.
With proper testing and diagnosis, the mortality rate falls to less than 1%. Antibiotics such as azithromycin are particularly effective in treating the disease. Epidemiology
Factors outside the household, such as unclean food from street vendors and flooding, help distribute the disease from person to person. Because of poverty and poor hygiene and insanitary conditions, the disease is more common in less-industrialized countries, principally owing to the problem of unsafe drinking water, inadequate sewage disposal, and flooding. Occasionally causing epidemics, paratyphoid fever is found in large parts of Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. Many of those infected get the disease in Asian countries. About 16 million cases occur a year, which result in about 25,000 deaths worldwide. References
Further reading

"Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever." Communicable Disease Management Protocol. November 2001 https://www.gov.mb.ca/health/publichealth/cdc/protocol/typhoid.pdf. "Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever." Public Health Notifiable Disease Management Guidelines. Disease Control and Prevention. Alberta Health and Wellness: June 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130925214850/http://www.health.alberta.ca/documents/Guidelines-Paratyphoid-Fever-2013.pdf