Caplacizumab (INN; trade name Cablivi) is a bivalent single-domain antibody (VHH) designed for the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and thrombosis.This drug was developed by Ablynx NV. On 30 August 2018, it was approved in the European Union for the "treatment of adults experiencing an episode of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP), in conjunction with plasma exchange and immunosuppression".It is an anti-von Willebrand factor humanized immunoglobulin. It acts by blocking platelet aggregation to reduce organ injury due to ischemia. Results of the phase II TITAN trial have been reported.In February 2019, caplacizumab-yhdp (Cablivi, Ablynx NV) was approved in the United States for the treatment of adults with acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP). The drug is used in combination with plasma exchange and immunosuppressive therapy. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication. References
External links
"Caplacizumab". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Pathophysiology
Over the last 30 years, research into ADHD has greatly increased. There is no single, unified theory that explains the cause of ADHD. Genetic factors are presumed important, and it has been suggested that environmental factors may affect how symptoms manifest.It is becoming increasingly accepted that individuals with ADHD have difficulty with "executive functioning". In higher organisms, such as humans, these functions are thought to reside in the frontal lobes. They enable recall of tasks that need accomplishing, organization to accomplish these tasks, assessment of consequences of actions, prioritization of thoughts and actions, keeping track of time, awareness of interactions with surroundings, the ability to focus despite competing stimuli, and adaptation to changing situations.Several lines of research based on structural and/or functional imaging techniques, stimulant drugs, psychological interventions have identified alterations in the dopaminergic and adrenergic pathways of individuals with ADHD. In particular, areas of the prefrontal cortex appear to be the most affected. Dopamine and norepinephrine are neurotransmitters which play an important role in brain function. The uptake transporters for dopamine and norepinephrine are overly active and clear these neurotransmitters from the synapse a lot faster than in other individuals. This is thought to increase processing latency and salience, and diminish working memory. Adult ADHD in Men
Studies have shown that adult men with ADHD-type symptoms have issues with interpersonal and romantic relationships. Adult men with ADHD have reported, in a study done by Canu in 2007, to have more romantic partners than their counterparts.