A liver biopsy may be used, which is the most accurate diagnostic technique. The level of siderosis seen in a liver biopsy can be graded by severity. Treatment
Transfusional hemosiderosis is treated with a number of therapies. Venipuncture (phlebotomy) removes blood. Erythrocytapheresis filters red blood cells from the blood. Chelation therapy removes iron from the blood. This involves delivering iron chelating agents such as deferoxamine, deferiprone or deferasirox. If iron overload has caused damage to end-organs, this is generally irreversible and may require transplantation. Prognosis
Transfusion hemosiderosis can cause permanent damage to tissues that may lead to death. Tissue damage can remain even after chelation therapy. Outcomes are usually worse in patients who require blood transfusions compared to those who can have alternative therapies. Cardiomyopathy and cardiac arrhythmia are often a cause of death. Society
Ted DeVita died of transfusional iron overload from too many blood transfusions. See also
Hemosiderosis

References

Lu JP, Hayashi K (1994). "Selective iron deposition in pancreatic islet B cells of transfusional iron-overloaded autopsy cases". Pathol. Int. 44 (3): 194–9. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1994.tb02592.x. PMID 8025661. S2CID 25357672.
Progressive scoliosis can generally be managed with standard instrumentation and fusion techniques. Surgical management in the craniofacial skeleton is complicated by frequent post-operative FD regrowth, and should focus on correction of functional deformities. Prophylactic optic nerve decompression increases the risk of vision loss and is contraindicated.Managing endocrinopathies is a critical component of management in FD. All patients with fibrous dysplasia should be evaluated and treated for endocrine diseases associated with McCune–Albright syndrome. In particular untreated growth hormone excess may worsen craniofacial fibrous dysplasia and increase the risk of blindness. Untreated hypophosphatemia increases bone pain and risk of fractures. See also
Cherubism
Dysplasia
McCune–Albright syndrome

References
Further reading
GeneReviews entry for Fibrous Dysplasia/McCune-Albright Syndrome


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