They may also be able to easily touch their hands flat to the floor while bending forward from the waist. The ability to touch the thumb to the forearm is also common. Referred pain is created by ligamentous laxity around a joint, but is felt at some distance from the injury. (Pain will not only occur at the site of the injury and loose ligaments, but may also be referred to other parts of the body.) These painful points that refer pain elsewhere are called trigger points, and will be dealt with later. Abnormal joint movement also creates many "protective actions" by adjacent tissues. Muscles will contract in spasm in an attempt to pull the joint back to the correct location or stabilize it to protect it from further damage. When this occurs in the back, orthopedic surgeons will often try to reduce vertebral instability by fusing the vertebrae with bone and/or metal fixation. Feet
Those who have loose ligaments in the legs and feet may appear to have flat feet. While their feet have an arch when not supporting weight, when stood upon, the arch will flatten. This is because the loose ligaments cannot support the arch in the way that they should. This can make walking and standing painful and tiring. Pain will usually occur in the feet and lower legs, but can also spread to the back due to abnormal standing and walking habits. Wearing shoes that have good arch support can help minimize the discomfort.
Tic disorders are defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) based on type (motor or phonic) and duration of tics (sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic movements). Tic disorders are defined similarly by the World Health Organization (ICD-10 codes). Classification
DSM-5
The fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published in May 2013, classifies Tourette syndrome and tic disorders as motor disorders listed in the neurodevelopmental disorder category.Tic disorders, in ascending order of severity, are:
307.20 Other specified tic disorder (specify reason)
307.20 Unspecified tic disorder
307.21 Provisional tic disorder
307.22 Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder (specify motor or vocal)
307.23 Tourettes disorderDevelopmental coordination disorder and stereotypic movement disorder are also classified as motor disorders. ICD-10
ICD10 diagnosis codes are:
F95.0  Transient tic disorder
F95.1  Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder
F95.2  Combined vocal and multiple motor tic disorder [Gilles de la Tourette]
F95.8  Other tic disorders
F95.9  Tic disorder, unspecified

Diagnosis
Tics should be distinguished from other causes of tourettism, stereotypies, chorea, dyskinesias, myoclonus and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Treatment
Education, and a "watch and wait" strategy, are the only treatment needed for many, and the majority of individuals with tics do not seek treatment. When needed, management of tic disorders is similar to management of Tourette syndrome. Epidemiology
Tic disorders are more commonly diagnosed in males than females.At least one in five children experience some form of tic disorder, most frequently between the ages of seven and twelve.