A subsequent study found horizontal tooth brushing technique (versus Bass technique or circular methods), medium-hardness toothbrush use and brushing only once daily were associated with gingival recession. Improper flossing (i.e., flossing too roughly or aggressively) which may cut into the gums. Hereditary thin, fragile or insufficient gingival tissue predisposes to gingival recession. Dipping tobacco, which affects the mucous membrane lining in the mouth and will cause receding gums over time
Self-inflicted trauma, such as habits like digging a fingernail or pencil into the gum. This type of recession more commonly associated with children and persons with psychiatric disorders. Scurvy (lack of dietary vitamin C)
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
Abnormal tooth position, such as tooth crowding, giving inadequate cover of one or more teeth by the jaw bone. Piercings in the lip or tongue that wear away the gum by rubbing against it. Intentional gingival retraction. For example, the adult tooth may not grow out of the gum, and to remedy this, a procedure called an exposure is done. It involves the gum tissue being cut open to allow the adult tooth to grow out. This is a less common cause of gum recession. Symptoms
Gum recession is generally not an acute condition. In most cases, receding of gums is a progressive condition that occurs gradually over the years. This is one reason that it is common over the age of 40.
Macrogol, also known as polyethylene glycol (PEG), is used as a medication to treat constipation in children and adults. It is also used to empty the bowels before a colonoscopy. It is taken by mouth. Benefits usually occur within three days. Generally it is only recommended for up to two weeks. It is also used as an excipient.Side effects may include increased bowel gas, abdominal pain, and nausea. Rare but serious side effects may include an abnormal heartbeat, seizures, and kidney problems. Use appears to be safe during pregnancy. It is classified as an osmotic laxative. It works by increasing the amount of water in the stool.Macrogol came into use as a bowel prep in 1980 and was approved for medical use in the United States in 1999. It is available as a generic medication and over the counter. In 2018, it was the 163rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions. Typically it is formulated together with electrolytes. Medical uses
Constipation
Macrogol 3350, often in combination with electrolytes, is used for short-term relief of constipation as well as for long-term use in constipation of various causes, including in multiple sclerosis and Parkinsons disease patients (an often-overlooked non-motor symptom) as well as constipation caused by pharmaceutical drugs such as opioids and anticholinergics. Whole bowel irrigation with macrogol is part of the bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy.