Chloroquine is a medication primarily used to prevent and treat malaria in areas where malaria remains sensitive to its effects. Certain types of malaria, resistant strains, and complicated cases typically require different or additional medication. Chloroquine is also occasionally used for amebiasis that is occurring outside the intestines, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus erythematosus. While it has not been formally studied in pregnancy, it appears safe. It was studied to treat COVID-19 early in the pandemic, but these studies were largely halted in the summer of 2020, and is not recommended for this purpose. It is taken by mouth.Common side effects include muscle problems, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and skin rash. Serious side effects include problems with vision, muscle damage, seizures, and low blood cell levels. Chloroquine is a member of the drug class 4-aminoquinoline. As an antimalarial, it works against the asexual form of the malaria parasite in the stage of its life cycle within the red blood cell. How it works in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus is unclear.Chloroquine was discovered in 1934 by Hans Andersag. It is on the World Health Organizations List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. Medical uses
Malaria
Chloroquine has been used in the treatment and prevention of malaria from Plasmodium vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae. It is generally not used for Plasmodium falciparum as there is widespread resistance to it.Chloroquine has been extensively used in mass drug administrations, which may have contributed to the emergence and spread of resistance.
In the final step, 4,7-dichloroquinoline was reacted with 1-diethylamino-4-aminopentane. By 1949, chloroquine manufacturing processes had been established to allow its widespread use. Society and culture
Formulations
Chloroquine comes in tablet form as the phosphate, sulfate, and hydrochloride salts. Chloroquine is usually dispensed as the phosphate. Names
Brand names include Chloroquine FNA, Resochin, Dawaquin, and Lariago. Other animals
Chloroquine, in various chemical forms, is used to treat and control surface growth of anemones and algae, and many protozoan infections in aquariums, e.g. the fish parasite Amyloodinium ocellatum. It is also used in poultry malaria. : 1237

Research
Chloroquine was proposed as a treatment for SARS, with in vitro tests inhibiting the SARS-CoV virus. In October 2004, a published report stated that chloroquine acts as an effective inhibitor of the replication of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in vitro. In August 2005, a peer-reviewed study confirmed and expanded upon the results.Chloroquine was being considered in 2003, in pre-clinical models as a potential agent against chikungunya fever. COVID-19
Other
The radiosensitizing and chemosensitizing properties of chloroquine are being evaluated for anticancer strategies in humans. In biomedicinal science, chloroquine is used for in vitro experiments to inhibit lysosomal degradation of protein products. Chloroquine and its modified forms have also been evaluated as treatment options for inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. References
External links

"Chloroquine". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Medicines for the Prevention of Malaria While Traveling – Chloroquine (Aralen)" (PDF) (Fact sheet). U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The dictionary definition of chloroquine at Wiktionary