Differential diagnosis
Pre-eclampsia can mimic and be confused with many other diseases, including chronic hypertension, chronic renal disease, primary seizure disorders, gallbladder and pancreatic disease, immune or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, antiphospholipid syndrome and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. It must be considered a possibility in any pregnant woman beyond 20 weeks of gestation. It is particularly difficult to diagnose when pre-existing conditions such as hypertension are present. Women with acute fatty liver of pregnancy may also present with elevated blood pressure and protein in the urine, but differ by the extent of liver damage. Other disorders that can cause high blood pressure include thyrotoxicosis, pheochromocytoma, and drug misuse. Prevention
Preventive measures against pre-eclampsia have been heavily studied. Because the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia is not completely understood, prevention remains a complex issue. Some currently accepted recommendations are:

Diet
Supplementation with a balanced protein and energy diet does not appear to reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia. Further, there is no evidence that changing salt intake has an effect.Supplementation with antioxidants such as vitamin C, D and E has no effect on pre-eclampsia incidence; therefore, supplementation with vitamins C, E, and D is not recommended for reducing the risk of pre-eclampsia.Calcium supplementation of at least 1 gram per day is recommended during pregnancy as it prevents pre-eclampsia where dietary calcium intake is low, especially for those at high risk. Higher selenium level is associated with lower incidence of pre-eclampsia. Higher cadmium level is associated with higher incidence of pre-eclampsia.
Institute of Technology, a university in Bangalore, India
Providence Elementary School, an elementary school in Chesterfield County, Virginia

Computing
Pro Evolution Soccer, a multi-platform video game series developed by Konami
Packetized elementary stream, part of the MPEG communication protocol
Peripheral Event System, an implementation of autonomous peripheral operations in microcontrollers
PSTN Emulation System for IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)

Organizations
Postal Express Service, United States military mail during World War I
Power Engineering Society, now the Power & Energy Society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Premier Election Solutions, formerly Diebold Election Systems
Party of European Socialists, a centre-left pan-European political party
Social Encounter Party, a Mexican former political party
Solidarity Encounter Party, a Mexican former political party

Science
Pallasite Eagle Station, a pallasite meteorite grouplet
Photoemission spectroscopy, a measurement of a substances binding energy using the photoelectric effect
Poly(ethylene succinate), a type of polyester
Polyester, an artificially produced organic chemical that is spun and woven to make fabric
Polyethersulfone, a thermoplastic polymer
Potential energy surface, in physics and chemistry
Programmed electrical stimulation, a type of electrophysiologic study
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome, an eye problem

Other
PES (director) (born 1973), film director and animator born Adam Pesapane
Passenger Environment Survey, quality-control system for transit systems
Payment for ecosystem services, incentives offered to farmers or landowners
Pensarn railway station, Gwynedd, Wales, by National Rail station code
Price elasticity of supply, a measure used in economics
PULHHEEMS, a system of grading physical and mental fitness used by Britains armed forces

See also
Pez (disambiguation)