Gold metal was voted Allergen of the Year in 2001 by the American Contact Dermatitis Society; gold contact allergies affect mostly women. Despite this, gold is a relatively non-potent contact allergen, in comparison with metals like nickel.A sample of the fungus Aspergillus niger was found growing from gold mining solution; and was found to contain cyano metal complexes, such as gold, silver, copper, iron and zinc. The fungus also plays a role in the solubilization of heavy metal sulfides. See also
References
Further reading
Bachmann, H. G. The lure of gold : an artistic and cultural history (2006) online
Bernstein, Peter L. The Power of Gold: The History of an Obsession (2000) onlineBrands, H.W. The Age of Gold: The California Gold Rush and the New American Dream (2003) excerpt
Buranelli, Vincent. Gold : an illustrated history (1979) online wide-ranging popular history
Cassel, Gustav. "The restoration of the gold standard." Economica 9 (1923): 171-185. online
Eichengreen, Barry. Golden Fetters: The Gold Standard and the Great Depression, 1919–1939 (Oxford UP, 1992). Ferguson, Niall. The Ascent of Money - Financial History of the World (2009) online
Hart, Matthew, Gold: The Race for the Worlds Most Seductive Metal Gold : the race for the worlds most seductive metal"], New York: Simon & Schuster, 2013. ISBN 9781451650020
Johnson, Harry G. "The gold rush of 1968 in retrospect and prospect." American Economic Review 59.2 (1969): 344-348. online
Kwarteng, Kwasi. War and Gold: A Five-Hundred-Year History of Empires, Adventures, and Debt (2014) online
Vilar, Pierre. A History of Gold and Money, 1450 to 1920 (1960). online
Vilches, Elvira.
There is also often anemia and marked elevation of the ESR or C-reactive protein (nonspecific markers of inflammation). The initial "inflammatory phase" is often followed by a secondary "pulseless phase". The "pulseless phase" is characterized by vascular insufficiency from intimal narrowing of the vessels manifesting as arm or leg claudication, renal artery stenosis causing hypertension, and neurological manifestations due to decreased blood flow to the brain.Of note is the function of renal artery stenosis in the causation of high blood pressure: Normally perfused kidneys produce a proportionate amount of a substance called renin. Stenosis of the renal arteries causes hypoperfusion (decreased blood flow) of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, resulting in exaggerated secretion of renin, and high blood levels of aldosterone, eventually leading to water and salt retention and high blood pressure. The neurological symptoms of the disease vary depending on the degree; the nature of the blood vessel obstruction; and can range from lightheadedness to seizures (in severe cases). One rare, important feature of the Takayasus arteritis is ocular involvement in form of visual field defects, vision loss, or retinal hemorrhage. Some individuals with Takayasus arteritis may present with only late vascular changes, without a preceding systemic illness. In the late stage, weakness of the arterial walls may give rise to localized aneurysms. As with all aneurysms, the possibility of rupture and vascular bleeding is existent and requires monitoring. In view of the chronic process and good collateral development, Raynauds phenomenon or digital gangrene are very rare in Takayasu arteritis.