Teratospermia or teratozoospermia is a condition characterized by the presence of sperm with abnormal morphology that affects fertility in males. Causes
The causes of teratozoospermia are unknown in most cases. However, Hodgkins disease, coeliac disease, and Crohns disease may contribute in some instances. Lifestyle and habits (smoking, toxin exposure, etc.) can also cause poor morphology. Varicocele is another condition that is often associated with decreased normal forms (morphology). In cases of globozoospermia (sperm with round heads), the Golgi apparatus is not transformed into the acrosome that is needed for fertilization. Symptoms and treatment
The presence of abnormally-shaped sperm can negatively affect fertility by preventing transport through the cervix and/or preventing sperm from adhering to the ovum. Achieving a pregnancy may be difficult.In testing for teratozoospermia, sperm are collected, stained and analyzed under a microscope to detect abnormalities. These abnormalities may include heads that are large, small, tapered, or pyriform or tails that are abnormally shaped.Antiestrogens have been shown to be effective in the treatment of teratozoospermia.Teratozoospermia (including the globozoospermia type), may be treated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), injecting sperm directly into the egg. Once the egg is fertilized, abnormal sperm morphology does not appear to influence blastocyst development or blastocyst morphology. Even with severe teratozoospermia, microscopy can still detect the few sperm cells that have a "normal" morphology, allowing for optimal success rate. See also
Male infertility
Semen quality

References
External links
teratozoospermia.net
Other nephrotoxic drugs should be avoided. Nephrotoxicity is usually reversible and can be reduced by dosage adjustment and adequate hydration. Electrolyte disturbances — hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia can occur and regular monitoring of electrolytes is necessary to avoid clinical toxicity. Genital ulceration — a less common reported side effect which occurs more in men and usually during induction use of foscarnet. It is most likely a contact dermatitis due to high concentrations of foscarnet in urine. It usually resolves rapidly following discontinuation of the drug. CNS — less common side effects of perioral paresthesia, irritability and altered mental states. References
Sources
Dennis L. Kasper, Eugene Braunwald. "Harrisons Manual of Medicine", 16th Edition, Mcgraw-hill, (2005), p. 2244. External links
"Foscarnet". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Foscarnet sodium". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.