Allylamines such as terbinafine are considered more efficacious than azoles for the treatment of athletes foot.Severe or prolonged fungal skin infections may require treatment with oral antifungal medication. Topical treatments
There are many topical antifungal drugs useful in the treatment of athletes foot including: miconazole nitrate, clotrimazole, tolnaftate (a synthetic thiocarbamate), terbinafine hydrochloride, butenafine hydrochloride and undecylenic acid. The fungal infection may be treated with topical antifungal agents, which can take the form of a spray, powder, cream, or gel. Topical application of an antifungal cream such as butenafine once daily for one week or terbinafine once daily for two weeks is effective in most cases of athletes foot and is more effective than application of miconazole or clotrimazole. Plantar-type athletes foot is more resistant to topical treatments due to the presence of thickened hyperkeratotic skin on the sole of the foot. Keratolytic and humectant medications such as urea, salicyclic acid (Whitfields ointment), and lactic acid are useful adjunct medications and improve penetration of antifungal agents into the thickened skin. Topical glucocorticoids are sometimes prescribed to alleviate inflammation and itching associated with the infection.A solution of 1% potassium permanganate dissolved in hot water is an alternative to antifungal drugs. Potassium permanganate is a salt and a strong oxidizing agent. Oral treatments
For severe or refractory cases of athletes foot oral terbinafine is more effective than griseofulvin. Fluconazole or itraconazole may also be taken orally for severe athletes foot infections. The most commonly reported adverse effect from these medications is gastrointestinal upset.
Carglumic acid, sold under the brand name Carbaglu among others, is used for the treatment of hyperammonaemia.Carglumic acid is a carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS 1) activator.The most common adverse effects include vomiting, abdominal pain, pyrexia (fever), and tonsillitis, anemia, diarrhea, ear infection, other infections, nasopharyngitis, decreased hemoglobin levels, and headache.It was approved for medical use in the United States in March 2010. Carglumic acid is an orphan drug. Medical uses
Carglumic acid is indicated for the treatment of acute hyperammonemia and chronic hyperammonemia. References
External links
"Carglumic acid". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.