It also may be induced temporarily by disorientation (such as on roller coaster rides or when a person has been spinning in circles) or by some drugs (alcohol, lidocaine, and other central nervous system depressants, inhalant drugs, stimulants, psychedelics, and dissociative drugs). Early-onset nystagmus
Early-onset nystagmus occurs more frequently than acquired nystagmus. It can be insular or accompany other disorders (such as micro-ophthalmic anomalies or Down syndrome). Early-onset nystagmus itself is usually mild and non-progressive. The affected persons are usually unaware of their spontaneous eye movements, but vision can be impaired depending on the severity of the eye movements. Types of early-onset nystagmus include the following, along with some of their causes:

Infantile:
Albinism
Aniridia
Bilateral congenital cataract
Bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia
Idiopathic
Lebers congenital amaurosis
Optic nerve or macular disease
Persistent tunica vasculosa lentis
Rod monochromatism
Visual-motor syndrome of functional monophthalmus
Latent nystagmus
Noonan syndrome
Nystagmus blockage syndromeX-linked infantile nystagmus is associated with mutations of the gene FRMD7, which is located on the X chromosome.Infantile nystagmus is also associated with two X-linked eye diseases known as complete congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) and incomplete CSNB (iCSNB or CSNB-2), which are caused by mutations of one of two genes located on the X chromosome. In CSNB, mutations are found in NYX (nyctalopin). CSNB-2 involves mutations of CACNA1F, a voltage-gated calcium channel that, when mutated, does not conduct ions. Acquired nystagmus
Nystagmus that occurs later in childhood or in adulthood is called acquired nystagmus. The cause is often unknown, or idiopathic, and thus referred to as idiopathic nystagmus.
Other common causes include diseases and disorders of the central nervous system, metabolic disorders and alcohol and drug toxicity. In the elderly, stroke is the most common cause. General diseases and conditions
Some of the diseases that present nystagmus as a pathological sign or symptom are as follows:

Aniridia
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Toxicity or intoxication, metabolic disorders and combination
Sources of toxicity that could lead to nystagmus:

Thiamine deficiency
Risk factors for thiamine deficiency, or beri beri, in turn include a diet of mostly white rice, as well as alcoholism, dialysis, chronic diarrhea, and taking high doses of diuretics. Rarely it may be due to a genetic condition that results in difficulties absorbing thiamine found in food. Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome are forms of dry beriberi. Central nervous system (CNS) diseases and disorders
Central nervous system disorders such as with a cerebellar problem, the nystagmus can be in any direction including horizontal. Purely vertical nystagmus usually originates in the central nervous system, but it is also an adverse effect commonly seen in high phenytoin toxicity. Other causes of toxicity that may result in nystagmus include:

Other causes
Non-physiological
Trochlear nerve malfunction
Vestibular Pathology (Ménières disease, SCDS (superior canal dehiscence syndrome), BPPV, Labyrinthitis)
Exposure to strong magnetic fields (as in MRI machines)
Long-term lack of light, called miners nystagmus after 19th-century coal miners who developed nystagmus from working in the dark. A slightly different form of nystagmus may be produced voluntarily by some people. Diagnosis
Nystagmus is highly noticeable but rarely recognized. Nystagmus can be clinically investigated by using a number of non-invasive standard tests.