BAL is more toxic than its derivatives, DMPS and DMSA, and is seldom used clinically. EDTA, DMPS, and DMSA increase urinary excretion of Cd. Studies in vitro and in vivo suggest that EDTA is superior to DMSA in mobilizing intracellular Cd. As EDTA is approved by the FDA for lead and other heavy metals, and has a long history of safe use, it is most widely accepted for clinical use. Use of such chelators as has been seen as therapeutically beneficial to humans and animals when done using established protocols. Epidemiology
In a mass cadmium poisoning in Japan, a marked prevalence for skeletal complications has been noted for older, postmenopausal women, however, the cause of the phenomenon is not fully understood, and is under investigation. Cadmium poisoning in postmenopausal women may result in an increased risk for osteoporosis. Current research has pointed to general malnourishment, as well as poor calcium metabolism relating to the womens age. Studies are pointing to damage of the mitochondria of kidney cells by cadmium as a key factor of the disease. History
An experiment during the early 1960s involving the spraying of cadmium over Norwich was declassified in 2005 by the UK government, as documented in a BBC News article. See also
Cobalt poisoning
Itai-itai disease

References
Footnotes
Shannon M.  Heavy Metal Poisoning, in Haddad LM, Shannon M, Winchester JF(editors): Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose, Third Edition, 1998. "Cadmium and you" (PDF). Redgrave Court, Merton Road, Bootle, Merseyside, L20 7HS, United Kingdom: Health and Safety Executive. March 2010. Retrieved January 29, 2011.
Aponeurotic fibroma (also known as "Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma," and "Juvenile aponeurotic fibroma") is characterized by a lesion that usually presents as a painless, solitary, deep fibrous nodule, often adherent to tendon, fascia, or periosteum, on the hands and feet. The World Health Organization, 2020, reclassified aponeurotic fibroma nodules as a specific benign type of the fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumors. See also
Skin lesion


== References ==