Anorectal abscess (also known as an anal/rectal abscess, or perianal/perirectal abscess) is an abscess adjacent to the anus. Most cases of perianal abscesses are sporadic, though there are certain situations which elevate the risk for developing the disease, such as diabetes mellitus, Crohns disease, chronic corticosteroid treatment and others. It arises as a complication of paraproctitis. Ischiorectal, inter- and intrasphincteric abscesses have been described. Signs and symptoms
Pain in the perianal area is the most common symptom of an anorectal abscess. The pain may be dull, aching, or throbbing. It is worst when the person sits down and right before a bowel movement. After the individual has a bowel movement, the pain usually lessens. Other signs and symptoms of anorectal abscess include constipation, drainage from the rectum, fever and chills, or a palpable mass near the anus. The condition can become extremely painful, and usually worsens over the course of just a few days. The pain may be limited and sporadic at first, but may worsen to a constant pain which can become very severe when body position is changed (e.g., when standing up, rolling over, and so forth). Depending upon the exact location of the abscess, there can also be excruciating pain during bowel movements, though this is not always the case. This condition may occur in isolation, but is frequently indicative of another underlying disorder, such as Crohns disease. Complications
If left untreated, an anal fistula will almost certainly form, connecting the rectum to the skin. This requires more intensive surgery.
Ectasia (), also called ectasis (), is dilation or distention of a tubular structure, either normal or pathophysiologic but usually the latter (except in atelectasis, where absence of ectasis is the problem). Specific conditions
Bronchiectasis, chronic dilatation of the bronchi
Duct ectasia of breast, a dilated milk duct. Duct ectasia syndrome is a synonym for nonpuerperal (unrelated to pregnancy and breastfeeding) mastitis. Dural ectasia, dilation of the dural sac surrounding the spinal cord, usually in the very low back. Pyelectasis, dilation of a part of the kidney, most frequently seen in prenatal ultrasounds. It usually resolves on its own. Rete tubular ectasia, dilation of tubular structures in the testicles. It is usually found in older men. Acral arteriolar ectasia
Corneal ectasia (secondary keratoconus), a bulging of the cornea.Vascular ectasiasMost broadly, any abnormal dilatation of a blood vessel, including aneurysms
Annuloaortic ectasia, dilation of the aorta. It can be associated with Marfan syndrome. Dolichoectasias, weakening of arteries, usually caused by high blood pressure. Intracranial dolichoectasias, dilation of arteries inside the head. Gastric antral vascular ectasia, dilation of small blood vessels in the last part of the stomach. Telangiectasias are small dilated blood vessels found anywhere on the body, but commonly seen on the face around the nose, cheeks, and chin. Venous ectasia, dilation of veins or venules, such as:
Chronic venous insufficiency, often in the leg
Jugular vein ectasia, in the jugular veins returning blood from the head

See also
All pages with titles beginning with Ectasia
All pages with titles containing Ectasia


== References ==