Prognathism, also called Habsburg jaw or Habsburgs jaw primarily in the context of its prevalence amongst members of the House of Habsburg, is a positional relationship of the mandible or maxilla to the skeletal base where either of the jaws protrudes beyond a predetermined imaginary line in the coronal plane of the skull. In general dentistry, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and orthodontics, this is assessed clinically or radiographically (cephalometrics). The word prognathism derives from Greek πρό (pro, meaning forward) and γνάθος (gnáthos, jaw). One or more types of prognathism can result in the common condition of malocclusion, in which an individuals top teeth and lower teeth do not align properly. Presentation
Prognathism in humans can occur due to normal variation among phenotypes. In human populations where prognathism is not the norm, it may be a malformation, the result of injury, a disease state or a hereditary condition.Prognathism is considered a disorder only if it affects chewing, speech or social function as a byproduct of severely affected aesthetics of the face.Clinical determinants include soft tissue analysis where the clinician assesses nasolabial angle, the relationship of the soft tissue portion of the chin to the nose, and the relationship between the upper and lower lips; also used is dental arch relationship assessment such as Angles classification.Cephalometric analysis is the most accurate way of determining all types of prognathism, as it includes assessments of skeletal base, occlusal plane angulation, facial height, soft tissue assessment and anterior dental angulation.
The process of portrait-mapping has provided tools for geneticists and pedigree analysis; most instances are considered polygenic, but a number of researchers believe that this trait is transmitted through an autosomal recessive type of inheritance. Allegedly introduced into the family by a member of the Piast dynasty, it is clearly visible on family tomb sculptures in St. Johns Cathedral, Warsaw. A high propensity for politically motivated intermarriage among Habsburgs meant the dynasty was virtually unparalleled in the degree of its inbreeding. Charles II of Spain, who lived 1661 to 1700, is said to have had the most pronounced case of the Habsburg jaw on record, due to the high number of consanguineous marriages in the dynasty preceding his birth. Treatment
Prior to the development of modern dentistry, there was no treatment for this condition; those who had it simply endured it. Today, the most common treatment for mandibular prognathism is a combination of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. The orthodontics can involve braces, removal of teeth, or a mouthguard. In insects
In entomology, prognathous means that the mouthparts face forwards, being at the front of the head, rather than facing downwards as in some insects. See also
Dental pathology

Notes
References
Sources
Beuchat, Carol (12 March 2015). "Why all the fuss about inbreeding?". Institute of Canine Biology. Retrieved 16 April 2020. Mitchell, Sylvia Z (2013). Mariana of Austria and Imperial Spain: Court, Dynastic, and International Politics in Seventeenth-Century Europe (Thesis).