See also
References
External links
 Media related to Muscle atrophy at Wikimedia Commons
Muscular atrophy at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of haemophilia C (factor XI deficiency) is centered on prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT).One will find that the factor XI has decreased in the individuals body. In terms of differential diagnosis one must consider: haemophilia A, haemophilia B, lupus anticoagulant and heparin contamination. The prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time should completely correct with a 1:1 mixing study with normal plasma if haemophilia C is present; in contrast, if a lupus anticoagulant is present as the cause of a prolonged aPTT, the aPTT will not correct with a 1:1 mixing study. Treatment
In terms of haemophilia C medication tranexamic acid is often used for both treatment after an incident of bleeding and as a preventive measure to avoid excessive bleeding during oral surgery.Treatment is usually not necessary, except in relation to operations, leading to many of those having the condition not being aware of it. In these cases, fresh frozen plasma or recombinant factor XI may be used, but only if necessary.Those affected may often develop nosebleeds, while females can experience unusual menstrual bleeding which can be avoided by taking birth control such as: IUDs and oral or injected contraceptives to increase coagulation ability by adjusting hormones to levels similar to pregnancy. See also
References
Further reading
Zucker, M.; Zivelin, A.; Landau, M.; Salomon, O.; Kenet, G.; Bauduer, F.; Samama, M.; Conard, J.; Denninger, M.-H.; Hani, A.-S.; Berruyer, M.; Feinstein, D.; Seligsohn, U. (1 October 2007). "Characterization of seven novel mutations causing factor XI deficiency". Haematologica. 92 (10): 1375–1380. doi:10.3324/haematol.11526. ISSN 0390-6078. PMID 18024374.