The most recent updates to these recommendations are based on new information regarding RSV seasonality, palivizumab pharmacokinetics, the incidence of bronchiolitis hospitalizations, the effect of gestational age and other risk factors on RSV hospitalization rates, the mortality of children hospitalized with RSV infection, the effect of prophylaxis on wheezing, and palivizumab-resistant RSV isolates. RSV Prophylaxis
All infants younger than one year who were born at <29 weeks (i.e. ≤28 weeks, 6 days) of gestation are recommended to use palivizumab. Infants younger than one year with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (i.e. who were born at <32 weeks gestation and required supplemental oxygen for the first 28 days after birth) and infants younger than two years with bronchopulmonary dysplasia who require medical therapy (e.g. supplemental oxygen, glucocorticoids, diuretics) within six months of the anticipated RSV season are recommended to use palivizumab as prophylaxis. A Cochrane review shows evidence that palivizumab RSV prophylaxis is effective at reducing the frequency of hospitalization in children with RSV infection.Since the risk of RSV decreases after the first year following birth, the use of palivizumab for children more than 12 months of age is generally not recommended with the exception of premature infants who need supplemental oxygen, bronchodilator therapy, or steroid therapy at the time of their second RSV season. RSV Prophylaxis Target Groups
Infants younger than one year of age with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. Infants younger than one year of age with neuromuscular disorders impairing the ability to clear secretions from the upper airways or pulmonary abnormalities.
Infections may also be introduced by facial lacerations and by bursting pimples in the areas drained by the facial vein.Potential causes of cavernous sinus syndrome include metastatic tumors, direct extension of nasopharyngeal tumours, meningioma, pituitary tumors or pituitary apoplexy, aneurysms of the intracavernous carotid artery, carotid-cavernous fistula, bacterial infection causing cavernous sinus thrombosis, aseptic cavernous sinus thrombosis, idiopathic granulomatous disease (Tolosa–Hunt syndrome), and fungal infections. Cavernous sinus syndrome is a medical emergency, requiring prompt medical attention, diagnosis, and treatment. Additional images
See also
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Dural venous sinuses

References
External links

MedEd at Loyola grossanatomy/h_n/cn/dvs/dvs3.htm
Anatomy figure: 28:03-06 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center –  "Venous dural sinuses." Cavernous+Sinus at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
lesson2 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
Atlas image: n3a8p1 at the University of Michigan Health System