Shaken baby syndrome (SBS), also known as abusive head trauma (AHT), is the leading cause of fatal head injuries in children younger than two years. Diagnosing the syndrome has proved both challenging and contentious for medical professionals, in that objective witnesses to the initial trauma are generally unavailable. This is said to be particularly problematic when the trauma is deemed non accidental. Some medical professionals propose that SBS is the result of respiratory abnormalities leading to hypoxia and swelling of the brain  The courtroom has become a forum for conflicting theories with which generally accepted medical literature has not been reconciled. Often there are no outwardly visible signs of trauma, despite the presence of severe internal brain and eye . Complications include seizures, visual impairment, cerebral palsy, cognitive impairment, and death.The cause may be blunt trauma, vigorous shaking, or a combination of both. Often this occurs as a result of a caregiver becoming frustrated due to the child crying. Diagnosis can be difficult as symptoms may be nonspecific. A CT scan of the head is typically recommended if a concern is present. If there are concerning findings on the CT scan, a full work-up for child abuse should occur, including an eye exam and skeletal survey. Retinal hemorrhage is highly associated with AHT, occurring in 78% of cases of AHT versus 5% of cases of non-abusive head trauma.Educating new parents appears to be beneficial in decreasing rates of the condition. SBS is estimated to occur in three to four per 10,000 babies a year.
Dariers disease (DAR) is an inherited skin disorder that presents with multiple greasy, crusting, thick brown bumps that merge into patches.It is an autosomal dominant disorder discovered by French dermatologist Ferdinand-Jean Darier. Dariers is characterized by dark crusty patches on the skin that are mildly greasy and that emit a strong odor. These patches, also known as keratotic papules, keratosis follicularis, or dyskeratosis follicularis, most often appear on the scalp, forehead, upper arms, chest, back, knees, elbows, and behind the ear.Mild forms of the disease are the most common, consisting solely of skin rashes that flare up under certain conditions such as high humidity, high stress, or tight-fitting clothes. Short stature, when combined with poorly-formed fingernails that contain vertical striations, is diagnostic even for mild forms of DAR. Symptoms will usually appear in late childhood or early adulthood  between the ages of 15 to 30 years and will vary over the course of ones life. Signs and symptoms
Clinical symptoms  of the disease:Seborrhoeic areas
This is defined as areas where excess oil and sebum is released. Overall greasy or scaly skin either in the central chest and back or in the folds of the skin. Fragile or poorly formed fingernails
Nail disease leading to V-shaped nicks at the edge of the nail. Rash that covers many areas of the body
The rash is often associated with a strong unpleasant odor
The rash can be aggravated by heat, humidity, and exposure to sunlight.