In the case of large sacrococcygeal teratomas, a significant portion of the fetus blood flow is redirected toward the teratoma (a phenomenon called steal syndrome), causing heart failure, or hydrops, of the fetus. In certain cases, fetal surgery may be indicated. Beyond the newborn period, symptoms of a teratoma depend on its location and organ of origin. Ovarian teratomas often present with abdominal or pelvic pain, caused by torsion of the ovary or irritation of its ligaments. A recently discovered condition where ovarian teratomas cause encephalitis associated with antibodies against the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibody (NMDAR) - often referred to as "anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis", was identified as a serious complication. Patients develop a multistage illness that progresses from psychosis, memory deficits, seizures, and language disintegration into a state of unresponsiveness with catatonic features often associated with abnormal movements, and autonomic and breathing instability. Testicular teratomas present as a palpable mass in the testis; mediastinal teratomas often cause compression of the lungs or the airways and may present with chest pain and/or respiratory symptoms. Some teratomas contain yolk sac elements, which secrete alpha-fetoprotein. Its detection may help to confirm the diagnosis and is often used as a marker for recurrence or treatment efficacy, but is rarely the method of initial diagnosis. (Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein is a useful screening test for other fetal conditions, including Down syndrome, spina bifida, and abdominal wall defects such as gastroschisis.) Classification
Regardless of location in the body, a teratoma is classified according to a cancer staging system.
A variant of eccrine spiradenoma which can be multiple on the scalp and can  coalesce to form a Turban tumour. In pathology, a cylindroma is a tumour with nests of cells that resemble a cylinder in cross section. Types include:

Dermal eccrine cylindroma, a benign tumour of the skin
Adenoid cystic carcinoma, a malignant tumour of the salivary gland

See also
CYLD cutaneous syndrome
List of cutaneous neoplasms associated with systemic syndromes


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