The comparable characteristics of GOC with other jaw lesions require the close examination of its histology, morphology, and immunocytochemistry for a differential diagnosis. Treatment modes of the GOC follow a case-by-case approach due to the variable nature of the cyst. The selected treatment must be accompanied with an appropriate pre and post-operative plan. Signs and Symptoms
The appearance of a protrusive growth will be present at their mandible or maxilla. The expansive nature of this cyst may destruct the quality of symmetry at the facial region and would be a clear physical sign of abnormality. The area of impact may likely be at the anterior region of mandible as described in a significant number of reported cases. At this region, GOC would eventually mediate expansion at the molars. A painful and swollen sensation at the jaw region caused by GOC may be reported. Detailing of a painless feeling or facial paraesthesia can be experienced. Alongside GOC, "root resorption, cortical bone thinning and perforation, and tooth displacement may occur". Experience of swelling at the buccal and lingual zones can occur. Usually, the smaller sized GOCs present no classical signs or symptoms to the case (i.e. "asymptomatic"). GOC is filled with cystic a fluid that differs in viscosity and may appear as transparent, brownish-red, or creamy in colour. Causes
The GOC can arise through a number of causes:The origin of the GOC can be understood through its biological and histochemistry foundations. It has been suggested that GOC can be a result of a traumatic event.
The TGF-beta marker is present in the GOC and can explain the limited concentration of normal functioning cells. MAML2 rearrangement
The observation of a MAML2 rearrangement is described as a procedure useful in the differential diagnosis of the GOC and its closely related lesion, the central MEC. A second cystic development displayed the presence of CRTC3-MAML2 fusion after an in-vitro application. The MAML2 rearrangement represents the developmental growth of the central MEC from the GOC. The use of fusion-gene transcript may be helpful towards the differentiation of the GOC from the central MEC of the jaw and salivary glands. Treatment
Pre-treatment protocols
A computed tomography and panoramic x-ray must be undertaken in order to observe the severity of internal complications. These scans allow for the observation of the GOC size, radiolucency, cortical bone, dentition, root, and vestibular zone. In some cases, the dentition may be embedded into the cavity walls of the lesion, depending on the position of expansion at the odontogenic tissue. The diagnosis of a smaller sized GOC is related to the attachment of only two teeth. While, a greater sized GOC develops over two teeth. Presentation of a greater sized lesion usually requires a biopsy for a differential diagnosis and a precise treatment plan. Treatment process
The unilocular and multilocular nature is imperative to the determination of treatment style. Local anesthesia is regularly provided as the GOC is embedded within the tissue structure of the jaw and requires an invasive procedure for a safe and accurate extraction.