In patients with a single site of involvement, survivability tends to be very favorable. However, those with multi-organ involvement have a mortality rate of 50-66%. One systematic review calculated the disease-specific survival as 27.2 months, or 58% at one year. One group found the death rate to be 50% in patients with LCS, compared to 31% in patients who had the related condition LCH. Survivability decreases dramatically with increased disease burden and spread. LCS may be associated with other malignancies as well, such as follicular lymphoma, adenocarcinoma, and germ cell tumors. Evidence of metastatic disease or relapse from a previously treated LCS usually signifies a worsened prognosis. Treatment of these metastatic lesions or relapsed tumors may improve the patients prognosis, but there is limited evidence as to a preferred therapy. See also
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Sarcoma

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Another study using the Rotterdam criteria found that about 18% of women had PCOS, and that 70% of them were previously undiagnosed. Prevalence also varies across countries due to lack of large-scale scientific studies; India, for example, has a purported rate of 1 in 5 women having PCOS.There are few studies that have investigated the racial differences in cardiometabolic factors in women with PCOS. There is also limited data on the racial differences in the risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in adolescents and young adults with PCOS. The first study to comprehensively examine racial differences discovered notable racial differences in risk factors for cardiovascular disease. African American women were found to be significantly more obese, with a significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared to white adult women with PCOS. It is important for the further research of racial differences among women with PCOS, to ensure that every woman that is affected by PCOS has the available resources for management. Ultrasonographic findings of polycystic ovaries are found in 8–25% of women non-affected by the syndrome. 14% women on oral contraceptives are found to have polycystic ovaries. Ovarian cysts are also a common side effect of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices (IUDs).There are few studies that have investigated the racial differences in cardiometabolic factors in women with PCOS. History
The condition was first described in 1935 by American gynecologists Irving F. Stein, Sr. and Michael L. Leventhal, from whom its original name of Stein–Leventhal syndrome is taken.