Metabolic abnormalities
Insufficient selenium, vitamin D or sunlight exposure, or vitamin B6. Gastrointestinal causes: the distal digestive tract secretes high levels of magnesium. Therefore, secretory diarrhea can cause hypomagnesemia. Thus, Crohns disease, ulcerative colitis, Whipples disease and celiac sprue can all cause hypomagnesemia. Postobstructive diuresis, diuretic phase of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and kidney transplant. Other
Acute myocardial infarction: within the first 48 hours after a heart attack, 80% of patients have hypomagnesemia. This could be the result of an intracellular shift because of an increase in catecholamines. Malabsorption
Acute pancreatitis
Fluoride poisoning
Massive transfusion (MT) is a lifesaving treatment of hemorrhagic shock, but can be associated with significant complications. Pathophysiology
Magnesium is a co-factor in over 300 functions in the body regulating many kinds of  biochemical reactions. It is involved in protein synthesis, muscle and nerve functioning, bone development, energy production, the maintenance of normal heart rhythm, and the regulation of glucose and blood pressure, among other important roles. Low magnesium intake over time can increase the risk of illnesses, including high blood pressure and heart disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, osteoporosis, and migraines.There is a direct effect on sodium (Na), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) channels. Magnesium has several effects:

Potassium
Potassium channel efflux is inhibited by magnesium. Thus hypomagnesemia results in an increased excretion of potassium in kidney, resulting in a hypokalaemia.
GMS syndrome is a syndrome characterised by goniodysgenesis, intellectual disability, and short stature. References


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