Unlike the combined birth control pills of norgestimate with ethinylestradiol, the combination of norgestimate with estradiol, sold under the brand name Prefest for menopausal hormone therapy, is reportedly only marketed currently in the United States and Brazil. Research
A 2017 study found that norgestimate inhibits staphylococcal biofilm formation and resensitizes methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to β-lactam antibiotics. In contrast, norelgestromin showed much weaker activity, indicating that the acetyl group of norgestimate is important for the activity. It was suggested by the researchers that norgestimate may be a promising lead compound for the development of new antibiotics. References
Further reading
Henzl MR (July 2001). "Norgestimate. From the laboratory to three clinical indications". J Reprod Med. 46 (7): 647–61. PMID 11499185. Curran MP, Wagstaff AJ (2001). "Estradiol and norgestimate: a review of their combined use as hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women". Drugs Aging. 18 (11): 863–85. doi:10.2165/00002512-200118110-00007. PMID 11772126. S2CID 22720686. Curran MP, Wagstaff AJ (2002). "Spotlight on estradiol and norgestimate as hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women". Treat Endocrinol. 1 (2): 127–9. doi:10.2165/00024677-200201020-00006. PMID 15765628. S2CID 1936039. External links
"Norgestimate". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Ethinyl estradiol mixture with norgestimate". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Estradiol mixture with norgestimate". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Some prisons have offered the use of a "dry cell"—i.e., a cell with no toilet facilities, but only a container for the prisoners waste—as an accommodation to inmates who are hindered by paruresis from providing an observed urine sample.FBOP Program Statement 6060.08 states, "Ordinarily, an inmate is expected to provide a urine sample within two hours of the request, but the Captain (or Lieutenant) may extend the time if warranted by specific situations (for example, the inmate has a documented medical or psychological problem, is dehydrated, etc.). Staff may consider supervising indirectly an inmate who claims to be willing but unable to provide a urine sample under direct visual supervision. For example, this might be accomplished by allowing the inmate to provide the sample in a secure, dry room after a thorough search has been made of both the inmate and the room." At least six state prison systems—Florida, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, New York and Tennessee—have modified their drug testing regulations to provide accommodations for prisoners with paruresis.Per the Handbook of Correctional Mental Health, "No definitive or objective test is available to confirm or refute the presence of paruresis. The absence of prior treatment or the ability to void in some social situations but not in others does not rule it out. Although modalities associated with the treatment of social phobias help some individuals, no universally effective medication or other treatment exists. Coercive interventions, such as forcing fluids while observing a person with paruresis, are ineffective and can cause serious medical complications.