Initial laboratory analysisProthrombin time/INR
Complete blood count
Chemistries
Liver function test: AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, GGT, total bilirubin, albumin
Creatinine, urea/blood urea nitrogen, sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium, phosphate
Glucose
Amylase and lipase
Arterial blood gas, lactate
Blood type and screen
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) level, toxicology screen
Viral hepatitis serologies: anti-HAV IgM, HBSAg, anti-HBc IgM, anti-HCV
Autoimmune markers: ANA, ASMA, LKMA, immunoglobulin levels
Ceruloplasmin level (when Wilsons disease suspected)
Pregnancy test (females)
Ammonia (arterial if possible)
HIV status (has implication for transplantation)History taking should include a careful review of possible exposures to viral infection and drugs or other toxins. From history and clinical examination, the possibility of underlying chronic disease should be ruled out as it may require different management. A liver biopsy done via the transjugular route because of coagulopathy is not usually necessary, other than in occasional malignancies. As the evaluation continues, several important decisions have to be made; such as whether to admit the patient to an ICU, or whether to transfer the patient to a transplant facility. Consultation with the transplant center as early as possible is critical due to the possibility of rapid progression of ALF.
Anthropology
Taurodontism is still a condition of anthropological importance as it was seen in Neanderthals.The trait "is common among extant New World monkeys, apes, and fossil hominins". Related conditions
Although taurodontism is frequently an isolated anomaly, it may be found in association with several other conditions such as: amelogenesis imperfecta, Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Mohr syndrome, Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, Lowe syndrome, ectodermal dysplasia and tricho-dento-osseous syndrome.Taurodontism may be related to:
A retrograde character
A primitive pattern
An autosomal dominant trait
Atavistic feature
An X-linked trait
A mutation

References


== External links ==