Canada
The range of ticks able to carry Lyme disease has expanded from a limited area of Ontario to include areas of southern Quebec, Manitoba, northern Ontario, southern New Brunswick, southwest Nova Scotia and limited parts of Saskatchewan and Alberta, as well as British Columbia. Cases have been reported as far east as the island of Newfoundland. A model-based prediction by Leighton et al. (2012) suggests that the range of the I. scapularis tick will expand into Canada by 46 km/year over the next decade, with warming climatic temperatures as the main driver of increased speed of spread. Mexico
A 2007 study suggests Borrelia burgdorferi infections are endemic to Mexico, from four cases reported between 1999 and 2000. United States
In 2019, according to the CDC, there were approximately 35,000 confirmed and probable cases in the U.S. with incidences occurring in almost every state. The CDC is currently conducting research on evaluation and diagnostics of the disease and preliminary results suggest the number of new cases to be around 300,000.Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease in North America and Europe, and one of the fastest-growing infectious diseases in the United States. Of cases reported to the United States CDC, the ratio of Lyme disease infection is 7.9 cases for every 100,000 persons.
A cross-sectional examination of a loose anagen hair displays irregularity such as the shape of the hair being triangular rather than oval. The electron microscopy scanned image of the inner root sheath of a loose anagen hair would exhibit ultrastructural changes. These changes are visible in the Huxley layer, Henle layer and the cuticle of the loose anagen hair. An electron microscopy image of outer root sheath of an loose anagen hair would display malformations and weak linkage in the cells within the epithelium of the outer root sheath. This irregularity within the outer root sheath of a loose anagen hair is considered the most notable change when examining a loose anagen hair under an electron microscope.In a histopathological examination, the different layers of the loose anagen hair follicle will display a deficiency of clarity between the layers. This incoherence is also visible in a histological slide of the inner root sheath and of the outer root sheath.Biopsies are not necessary for the diagnosis of loose anagen hair syndrome. A biopsy will display non-inflammatory, non-scarring alopecia.The texture of the hair varies with some reports stating that patients with loose anagen syndrome have hairs that are rough, brittle and sticky. This may be the result of the deformations of the hair shaft. These changes in texture limits the ability for adjacent loose anagen hairs to rest flat on the scalp. The patient can have thinning and loss of hair around the whole scalp, at the occipital scalp or around the scalp in odd, irregular patches.