Epidemiology
The condition has an estimated occurrence of 0.3–3.6 per 1000 live births. Postaxial hand polydactyly is most frequent in the United States in Black males. Preaxial polydactyly occurs in 0.08 to 1.4 in 1,000 live births. In the United States, it is more common in White people and also relatively frequent in Native American and Asian people. A 1994 study by Finley et al. combined data from Jefferson County, Alabama, United States, and Uppsala County, Sweden. This study found incidence of all types of polydactyly at rates of 2.3 per 1000 live births of White males, 0.6 per 1000 live births of White females, 13.5 per 1000 live births of Black males, and 11.1 per 1000 live births of Black females. Society and culture
People with polydactyly
Antonio Alfonseca, retired MLB professional baseball pitcher known as "El Pulpo" – Spanish for "the Octopus" with regard to his extra digit on each extremity. Endre Ady, Hungarian poet born with six fingers, but one was removed as a child. The poet later interpreted it as a sign of his selection (according to the ancient Hungarian belief, the táltos are born with more bones, such as six fingers). Brites de Almeida, a legendary Portuguese woman who killed seven hiding Castilian soldiers in her oven after the Battle of Aljubarrota, had six fingers on each hand. The actress Gemma Arterton was born with six fingers on each hand, the additional fingers being removed after birth. Anne Boleyn, former Queen of England, was rumoured to have six fingers on one hand.
A gangliocytic paraganglioma  is a rare tumour that is typically found in the duodenum and consists of three components: (1) ganglion cells, (2) epithelioid cells (paraganglioma-like) and, (3) spindle cells (schwannoma-like). Symptoms and signs
The most common presentation is gastrointestinal bleed (~45% of cases), followed by abdominal pain (~43% of cases) and anemia (~15% of cases). Pathology
GP consist of three components (1) ganglion cells, (2) epithelioid cells (neuroendocrine-like), and (3) spindle cells (schwannoma-like). The microscopic differential diagnosis includes poorly differentiated carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumour and paraganglioma.GPs may be sporadic or arise in the context neurofibromatosis type 1. See also
Schwannoma
Paraganglioma


== References ==