UK only
Capsules – Episenta prolonged release by Beacon
Sachets – Episenta prolonged release by Beacon
Intravenous solution for injection – Episenta solution for injection by Beacon

Germany, Switzerland, Norway, Finland, Sweden
Tablets – Orfiril by Desitin Pharmaceuticals
Intravenous injection – Orfiril IV by Desitin Pharmaceuticals

South Africa
Syrup – Convulex by Byk Madaus
Tablets – Epilim by Sanofi-synthelabo

Malaysia
Tablets – Epilim by Sanofi-Aventis

Romania
Companies are SANOFI-AVENTIS FRANCE, GEROT PHARMAZEUTIKA GMBH and DESITIN ARZNEIMITTEL GMBH
Types are Syrup, Extended release mini tablets, Gastric resistant coated tablets, Gastric resistant soft capsules, Extended release capsules, Extended release tablets and Extended release coated tablets

Canada
Intravenous injection – Epival or Epiject by Abbott Laboratories. Syrup – Depakene by Abbott Laboratories its generic formulations include Apo-Valproic and ratio-Valproic. Japan
Tablets – Depakene by Kyowa Hakko Kirin
Extended release tablets – Depakene-R by Kyowa Hakko Kogyo and Selenica-R by Kowa
Syrup – Depakene by Kyowa Hakko Kogyo

Europe
In much of Europe, Dépakine and Depakine Chrono (tablets) are equivalent to Epilim and Epilim Chrono above. Taiwan
Tablets (white round tablet) – Depakine (Chinese: 帝拔癲; pinyin: di-ba-dian) by Sanofi Winthrop Industrie (France)

Iran
Tablets – Epival 200 (enteric coated tablet) and Epival 500 (extended release tablet) by Iran Najo
Slow release tablets – Depakine Chrono by Sanofi Winthrop Industrie (France)

Israel
Depalept and Depalept Chrono (extended release tablets) are equivalent to Epilim and Epilim Chrono above. Manufactured and distributed by Sanofi-Aventis.
The use of valproate for migraine or bipolar disorder during pregnancy is contraindicated in the European Union, and the medicines are not recommended for epilepsy during pregnancy unless there is no other effective treatment available. Elderly
Valproate may cause increased somnolence in the elderly. In a trial of valproate in elderly patients with dementia, a significantly higher portion of valproate patients had somnolence compared to placebo. In approximately one-half of such patients, there was associated reduced nutritional intake and weight loss. Overdose and toxicity
Excessive amounts of valproic acid can result in somnolence, tremor, stupor, respiratory depression, coma, metabolic acidosis, and death. In general, serum or plasma valproic acid concentrations are in a range of 20–100 mg/L during controlled therapy, but may reach 150–1500 mg/L following acute poisoning. Monitoring of the serum level is often accomplished using commercial immunoassay techniques, although some laboratories employ gas or liquid chromatography. In contrast to other antiepileptic drugs, at present there is little favorable evidence for salivary therapeutic drug monitoring. Salivary levels of valproic acid correlate poorly with serum levels, partly due to valproates weak acid property (pKa of 4.9).In severe intoxication, hemoperfusion or hemofiltration can be an effective means of hastening elimination of the drug from the body. Supportive therapy should be given to all patients experiencing an overdose and urine output should be monitored. Supplemental L-carnitine is indicated in patients having an acute overdose and also prophylactically in high risk patients. Acetyl-L-carnitine lowers hyperammonemia less markedly than L-carnitine.