Management
Differentiation of DIOS from constipation is generally performed by unit specializing in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Adequate hydration and an aggressive regimen of laxatives are essential for treatment and prevention of DIOS. Osmotic laxatives such as polyethylene glycol are preferred. Individuals prone to DIOS tend to be at risk for repeated episodes and often require maintenance therapy with pancreatic enzyme replacement, hydration and laxatives (if the symptoms are also mild). Oral contrast instillation into the colon/ileum under radiological control has been found to reduce the need for surgical intervention. References
External links
http://www.cfmedicine.com/htmldocs/CFText/dios.htm
http://www.rbht.nhs.uk/healthprofessionals/clinical-departments/cystic-fibrosis/clinical-guidelines/nutritional-and-gastrointestinal-care/constipation-and-distal-intestinal-obstructive-syndrome/
cdr2 antigen-specific CD8+ T cells were subsequently described in more anti-Yo-positive PCD patients,. These T cells are likely components in both the anti-tumor immune response and in the neuronal degeneration. Diagnosis
Of particular note, PCD symptoms precede the diagnosis of the underlying cancer in the majority of cases, and often present insidiously and progress rapidly for weeks to months to a severely disabled state followed by a variable plateau period that can last for months to years. Therefore, newly developing cerebellar ataxia should always prompt proper diagnostic measures to exclude PCD. Treatment
Tumor removal is still the therapeutic mainstay with very early treatment being essential to prevent irreversible neuronal loss. Immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory treatments are often ineffective. There may be a role for high-dose gammaglobulin therapy in the treatment PCD, but due to the rare occurrence of this disease, controlled trials of this therapy may be difficult. References


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