Symptom-specific neuroimaging abnormalities include the hyperactivity of caudate and ACC in checking rituals, while finding increased activity of cortical and cerebellar regions in contamination-related symptoms. Neuroimaging differentiating content of intrusive thoughts has found differences between aggressive as opposed to taboo thoughts, finding increased connectivity of the amygdala, ventral striatum, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in aggressive symptoms, while observing increased connectivity between the ventral striatum and insula in sexual or religious intrusive thoughts.Another model proposes that affective dysregulation links excessive reliance on habit-based action selection with compulsions. This is supported by the observation that those with OCD demonstrate decreased activation of the ventral striatum when anticipating monetary reward, as well as increased functional connectivity between the VS and the OFC. Furthermore, those with OCD demonstrate reduced performance in Pavlovian fear-extinction tasks, hyperresponsiveness in the amygdala to fearful stimuli, and hyporesponsiveness in the amygdala when exposed to positively valanced stimuli. Stimulation of the nucleus accumbens has also been observed to effectively alleviate both obsessions and compulsions, supporting the role of affective dysregulation in generating both. Neurobiological
From the observation of the efficacy of antidepressants in OCD, a serotonin hypothesis of OCD has been formulated. Studies of peripheral markers of serotonin, as well as challenges with proserotonergic compounds have yielded inconsistent results, including evidence pointing towards basal hyperactivity of serotonergic systems. Serotonin receptor and transporter binding studies have yielded conflicting results, including higher and lower serotonin receptor 5-HT2A and serotonin transporter binding potentials that were normalized by treatment with SSRIs.
Principal ideal domain, an algebraic structure
Process identifier, a number used by many operating systems to identify a process

Organisations
Police Intelligence Department, a staff department of the Singapore Police Force
Political Intelligence Department (disambiguation), multiple organisations
Politieke Inlichtingen Dienst (Political Intelligence Department), was the main security agency for the Dutch East Indies
Prague Integrated Transport (Pražská integrovaná doprava – PID in Czech), an integrated public transport system in Prague

Other uses
Pathways into Darkness, a 1993 video game by Bungie
"Paul is dead", a 1960s urban legend that Paul McCartney was dead
Pid (video game), a 2012 video game by Might and Delight
Project Initiation Documentation, in project management
Party identification, the political party with which an individual identifies
Everett Pid Purdy (1904–1951), American athlete who played in both Major League Baseball and the National Football League

See also
PIDS (disambiguation)