The next year the CDC and the National Human Genome Research Institute sponsored an examination of haemochromatosis following the discovery of the HFE gene, which helped lead to the population screenings and estimates that are still being used today. See also
Human iron metabolism
Iron deficiency

References
External links

Iron overload at Curlie
GeneReview/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on HFE-Associated Hereditary Hemochromatosis
GeneReview/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on TFR2-Related Hereditary Hemochromatosis
GeneReview/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Juvenile Hereditary Hemochromatosis
GeneReview/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Aceruloplasminemia
Diagnosis
Diagnosis can be made solely on the basis of history and physical examination in people who present with only facial asymmetry. For those who report neurological symptoms such as migraine or seizures, MRI scan of the brain is the imaging modality of choice. A diagnostic lumbar puncture and serum test for autoantibodies may also be indicated in people who present with a seizure disorder of recent onset. Oligoclonal bands and an elevated IgG index may be found in 50% of the patients. Management
Medical
Medical management may involve immunosuppressive drugs such as methotrexate, corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, and azathioprine. No randomized controlled trials have yet been conducted to evaluate such treatments, so the benefits have not been clearly established. Surgical
Affected individuals may benefit from autologous fat transfer or fat grafts to restore a more normal contour to the face. However, greater volume defects may require microsurgical reconstructive surgery which may involve the transfer of an island parascapular fasciocutaneous flap or a free flap from the groin, rectus abdominis muscle (Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous or "TRAM" flap) or latissimus dorsi muscle to the face. Severe deformities may require additional procedures, such as pedicled temporal fascia flaps, cartilage grafts, bone grafts, orthognathic surgery, and bone distraction. The timing of surgical intervention is controversial; some surgeons prefer to wait until the disease has run its course while others recommend early intervention. Epidemiology
Parry–Romberg syndrome appears to occur randomly and for unknown reasons. Prevalence is higher in females than males, with a ratio of roughly 3:2.