Treatment
Statins
Prevention of CAV progression is important as once developed, CAV existing treatments are often ineffective. Commencing the statins pravastatin and simvastatin early after transplantation reduces the incidence and severity of CAV. Vitamins
When combined with immunosuppressants, the progression of CAV could possibly be slowed by vitamins C and E.

Aspirin
Since the role of aspirin is already established in coronary artery disease in those who have not had a heart transplant, it is usually given after heart transplantation too. Antiproliferative agents
On detection of CAV, medications including mTOR inhibitors sirolimus and everolimus have been shown to slow disease progression. Other treatment options
Clinically significant CAV may require percutaneous coronary interventions for focal disease, but the likelihood of restenosis is high. A repeat heart transplantation may be considered. Outcome
Once there is reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and symptoms of heart failure, the outcome is typically poor. The risk of major adverse cardiovascular events is increased by 3.4 fold if CAV is present on angiography. Epidemiology
The frequency of CAV after heart transplantation has been obtained from a variety of sources including The Cardiac Transplant Research Database, the ISHLT registry and The United Network for Organ Sharing registry. In comparison to between 1994 and 2001, there has been a decline in incidence of CAV between 2001 and 2007. ISHLT figures show an incidence of CAV of around 50% at 10 years after heart transplantation.CAV is a leading cause of late mortality following heart transplantation. Most are not severe but it contributes to the death of 11-13% one year from heart transplantation.
Sacroiliac joint dysfunction generally refers to pain in the sacroiliac joint region that is caused by abnormal motion in the sacroiliac joint, either too much motion or too little motion. Signs and symptoms
Common symptoms include lower back pain, buttocks pain, sciatic leg pain, groin pain, hip pain (for explanation of leg, groin, and hip pain, see referred pain), urinary frequency, and "transient numbness, prickling, or tingling." Pain can range from dull aching to sharp and stabbing and increases with physical activity. Symptoms also worsen with prolonged or sustained positions (i.e., sitting, standing, lying). Bending forward, stair climbing, hill climbing, and rising from a seated position can also provoke pain. Pain can increase during menstruation in women. People with severe and disabling sacroiliac joint dysfunction can develop insomnia and depression. Sacral torsion that is untreated over a long period of time can cause severe Achilles tendinosis. Causes
Hypermobility
Sacroiliac joint dysfunction is an outcome of either extra-articular dysfunction or from intraarticular dysfunction. SI joint dysfunction is sometimes referred to as "sacroiliac joint instability" or "sacroiliac joint insufficiency"  due to the support the once strong and taut ligaments can no longer sustain. When the joint is hypermobile or loose, it is classified as an extra-articular dysfunction because abnormal joint movement and alignment is a consequence of weakened, injured, or sprained ligaments, while the joint itself is structurally normal and healthy. The sacroiliac joint itself often will not show degenerative changes, such as arthritis, until many years of the dysfunction being allowed to continue.