Based on a meta-analysis, the prevalence of pSS worldwide is estimated to 0.06%, with 90% of the patients being female. In secondary Sjögrens syndrome (sSS), individuals have a dry mouth, dry eyes and a connective tissue disorder such as rheumatoid arthritis (prevalence 7% in the UK), systemic lupus erythematosus (prevalence 6.5%–19%) and systemic sclerosis (prevalence 14%–20.5%). Additional features and symptoms include:

Erythema and lobulation of the tongue
Oral discomfort
Difficulty in swallowing and talking
Altered taste
Poor retention of dentures (if worn)
Oral fungal and bacterial infections
Salivary glands swelling
Dryness of skin; nose; throat; vagina
Peripheral neuropathies
Pulmonary; thyroid; and renal disorders;
Arthralgias and myalgias;Tests used to diagnose Sjögrens syndrome include:

tear break-up time and Schirmer tests
a minor salivary gland biopsy taken from the lip
blood tests
salivary flow rateThere is no cure for Sjogrens syndromeis disease however there are treatments used to help with the associated symptoms. Eye care: artificial tears, moisture chamber spectacles, punctal plugs, pilocarpine medication
Mouth care: increase oral intake, practice good oral hygiene, use sugar free gum (to increase saliva flow), regular use of mouth rinses, pilocarpine medication, reduce alcohol intake and smoking cessation. Saliva substitutes are also available as a spray, gel, gum or in the form of a medicated sweet
Dry skin: creams, moisturising soaps
Vaginal dryness: lubricant, oestrogen creams, hormonal replacement therapy
Muscle and joint pains: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsComplications of Sjogrens syndrome include ulcers that can develop on the surface of the eyes if the dryness is not treated. These ulcers can then cause more worrying issues such as loss of eye sight and life long damage.
This results in painful swelling at the sides of the mouth in both adults and children, which leads to a sore throat, and occasionally pain in chewing. The infection is quite contagious. Today mumps is prevented by getting vaccinated in infancy, by a "Measles, Mumps, Rubella" (MMR) vaccination and subsequent boosters. There is no specific treatment for mumps except for hydration and painkillers with complete recovery ranging from 5–10 days. Sometimes mumps can cause inflammation of the brain, pancreatitis, testicular swelling or hearing loss.Fungal

Oral candidiasis is by far the most common fungal infection that occurs in the mouth. It usually occurs in immunocompromised individuals. Individuals who have undergone a transplant, HIV, cancer or use corticosteroids commonly develop candida of the mouth and oral cavity. Other risk factors are dentures and tongue piercing. The typical signs are a white patch that may be associated with burning, soreness, irritation or a white cheesy like appearance. Once the diagnosis is made, candida can be treated with a variety of anti fungal drugs. Traumatic
Chemical, thermal, mechanical or electrical trauma to the oral soft tissues can cause traumatic oral ulceration. Autoimmune
Sjögren syndrome is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disorder characterised by some of the bodys own immune cells infiltrating and destroying lacrimal and salivary glands (and other exocrine glands). There are two types of Sjögrens syndrome: primary and secondary. In primary Sjögrens syndrome (pSS) individuals have dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) and a dry mouth (xerostomia).