Diagnosis
Anisometropia causes some people to have mild vision problems, or occasionally more serious symptoms like alternating vision or frequent squinting. However, since most people do not show any clear symptoms, the condition usually is found during a routine eye exam.For early detection in preverbal children, photoscreening can be used. In this brief vision test specialized cameras detect each eyes light reflexes, which the equipments software or a test administrator then interprets. If photoscreening indicates the presence of risk factors, an ophthalmologist can then diagnose the condition after a complete eye exam, including dilating the pupils and measuring the focusing power of each eye. Treatment
Spectacle correction
For those with large degrees of anisometropia, the wearing of standard spectacles may cause the person to experience a difference in image magnification between the two eyes (aniseikonia) which could also prevent the development of good binocular vision. This can make it very difficult to wear glasses without symptoms such as headaches and eyestrain. However, the earlier the condition is treated, the easier it is to adjust to glasses. It is possible for spectacle lenses to be made which can adjust the image sizes presented to the eye to be approximately equal. These are called iseikonic lenses. In practice though, this is rarely ever done.
Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a congenital disorder characterised by the triad of an absent or exceedingly thin pituitary stalk, an ectopic or absent posterior pituitary and/or absent or hypoplastic anterior pituitary. Presentation
Affected individuals may present with hypoglycaemia during the neonatal period, or with growth retardation during childhood (those diagnosed in the neonatal period appear to be affected by a particularly severe form of the disorder). PSIS is a common cause of congenital hypopituitarism, and causes a permanent growth hormone deficit. Some PSIS-affected individuals may also present with adrenal hypoplasia (5-29%), diabetes insipidus (5-29%), primary amenorrhea (5-29%), hypothyroidism (30-79%), failure to thrive (80-99%), septooptic dysplasia (5-29%), and Fanconi anaemia. PSIS may be isolated, or, commonly, present with extra-pituitary malformations.PSIS features in neonates (may) include:
hypoglycaemia (30-79%)
(prolonged) jaundice
micropenis (30-79%)
cryptorchidism (5-29%)
delayed intellectual development
death in infancy (5-29%)
congenital abnormalitiesPSIS features in later childhood (may) include:
short stature (80-99%)
seizures (5-29%)
hypotension
delayed intellectual development
delayed puberty (30-79%)PSIS is associated with a higher frequency of breech presentation, Caeserian section, and/or low Apgar score, though these are likely consequences rather than causes. Cause
The cause of the condition is as of yet unknown. Rare genetic mutations may cause familial cases, however, these account for less than 5% of cases. Diagnosis
The diagnosis is confirmed through MRI. Management
Treatment should commence as soon as a diagnosis is established to avoid complications, and consists of hormone replacement, particularly with growth hormone. Prognosis
Prognosis is generally good in cases of prompt diagnosis and management.