Thrombosis
Thrombosis occurs when thrombi occlude vessels in the body. A thrombus, or a blood clot, is a mobilized mass of blood cells that circulates within the body. Thrombi can occlude veins (venous thrombosis) or arteries (arterial thrombosis). The etiology of thrombosis is described by Virchows Triad, which includes hemostasis, vascular wall damage, and hypercoagulability. Arterial thromboses significantly narrow or completely block arterial blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues. Atherosclerosis
In atherosclerosis, the inner endothelial layer of arteries is stiffened by the deposition of an atheromatous plaque. Atheromatous plaques, also called atherosclerotic plaques, are made of fats and lipid-laden macrophages. Plaque deposition both physically narrows an artery and impairs the function of endothelial cells, potentiating their production of vasoconstrictive chemicals to constrict the arterial lumen. This leads to turbulent blood flow in the arteries, affecting oxygen supply to tissues downstream. Diseases of arterial occlusion
The pathophysiology of diseases of arterial occlusion depends on the type of occlusion, the severity of blockage, and the location of the occluded artery. Common diseases of arterial occlusion include Coronary Artery Disease, Peripheral Artery Disease, and Pulmonary Embolism. Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) results from the stenosis of coronary arteries by an atherosclerotic plaque. The coronary arteries perfuse the cardiomyocytes located within the myocardium. Cardiomyocytes require constant perfusion to aid the pumping of the heart. In CAD, atheromatous plaque formation in a coronary artery limits oxygen supply to cardiomyocytes, impairing heart contractility. CAD severity varies based on the extent of coronary artery occlusion.
Placental site trophoblastic tumor is a form of gestational trophoblastic disease, which is thought to arise from intermediate trophoblast.The tumor may secrete human placental lactogen, and result in a false-positive pregnancy test.A placental site trophoblastic tumor is a monophasic neoplasm of the implantation site intermediate trophoblast, and usually a benign lesion, which comprises less than 2% of all gestational trophoblastic proliferations. Preceding conditions include molar pregnancy (5%). Compared to choriocarcinoma or invasive mole, hemorrhage is less conspicuous and serum β-HCG level is low, making early diagnosis difficult. Immunohistochemistry: Often stains with hPL, keratin, Mel-CAM, EGFR. Treatment
Because chemotherapy is ineffective; the patient should undergo hysterectomy. Prognosis
10–20% of cases metastasize leading to death. References


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