In normal children and adults, insulin secretion should be minimal when blood glucose levels fall below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mM). There are many forms of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia caused by various types of insulin excess. Some of those that occur in infants and young children are termed congenital hyperinsulinism. In adults, severe hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia is often due to an insulinoma, an insulin-secreting tumor of the pancreas.Insulin levels above 3 μU/mL are inappropriate when the glucose level is below 50 mg/dL (2.8 mM), and may indicate hyperinsulinism as the cause of the hypoglycemia. The treatment of this form of hyperinsulinism depends on the cause and the severity of the hyperinsulinism, and may include surgical removal of the source of insulin, or a drug such as diazoxide or octreotide that reduces insulin secretion.That spontaneous hyperinsulinism might be a cause of symptomatic hypoglycemia was first proposed by Seale Harris, MD, 1924, in Journal of the American Medical Association. Dr. Seale Harris first diagnosed hyperinsulinism in 1924  and also is credited with the recognition of spontaneous hypoglycemia. Treatment
See also
Idiopathic hypoglycemia
idiopathic postprandial syndrome

References
External links

GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Familial Hyperinsulinism
Distal spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (DSMA1), also known as spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1), is a rare neuromuscular disorder involving death of motor neurons in the spinal cord which leads to a generalised progressive atrophy of body muscles. The condition is caused by a genetic mutation in the IGHMBP2 gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. There is no known cure to DSMA1, and research of the disorder is still in early stages due to low incidence and high mortality rates. Signs and symptoms
Usually, the first respiratory symptoms are shortness of breath (dyspnea) and paradoxical respirations which then escalate within the first few months of life to diaphragmatic paralysis. The symptoms of diaphragmatic paralysis come on very rapidly and without warning, and the patient is often rushed to a hospital where they are placed on a ventilator for respiratory support. Due to the severe nature of diaphragmatic paralysis, the patient eventually needs continuous ventilation support to survive. Continuous ventilation, however, may in itself cause damage to the anatomy of the lungs.In addition to diaphragmatic paralysis, other issues may arise: as the name suggests, the distal limbs are most affected with symptoms of weakness, restricting mobility due to (near-)paralysis of the distal limbs as well as the head and neck. Also, dysfunction of the peripheral nerves and the autonomic nervous system may occur. Due to these dysfunctions, the patients have been shown to suffer from excessive sweating and irregular heartbeat.