Assisted reproductive technology procedures performed in the U.S. has over than doubled over the last 10 years, with 140,000 procedures in 2006, resulting in 55,000 births.In Australia, 3.1% of births are a result of ART.The most common reasons for discontinuation of fertility treatment have been estimated to be: postponement of treatment (39%), physical and psychological burden (19%), psychological burden (14%), physical burden (6.32%), relational and personal problems (17%), personal reasons (9%), relational problems (9%), treatment rejection (13%) and organizational (12%) and clinic (8%) problems. By country
United States
Many Americans do not have insurance coverage for fertility investigations and treatments. Many states are starting to mandate coverage, and the rate of use is 278% higher in states with complete coverage.There are some health insurance companies that cover diagnosis of infertility, but frequently once diagnosed will not cover any treatment costs.Approximate treatment/diagnosis costs in the United States, with inflation, as of 2021 (US$):

Initial workup: hysteroscopy, hysterosalpingogram, blood tests ~$2,800
Sonohysterogram (SHG) ~ $830–$1,400
Clomiphene citrate cycle ~ $280–$690
IVF cycle ~ $13,900–$41,600
Use of a surrogate mother to carry the child – dependent on arrangementsAnother way to look at costs is to determine the expected cost of establishing a pregnancy. Thus, if a clomiphene treatment has a chance to establish a pregnancy in 8% of cycles and costs $690, the expected cost is $8,300 to establish a pregnancy, compared to an IVF cycle (cycle fecundity 40%) with a corresponding expected cost of $41,600 ($16,600 × 40%).
Important features that guide treatment include:

size
spread (stage)
involvement of liver vessels
presence of a tumor capsule
presence of extrahepatic metastases
presence of daughter nodules
vascularity of the tumorMRI is the best imaging method to detect the presence of a tumor capsule. The most common sites of metastasis are the lung, abdominal lymph nodes, and bone. Prevention
Since hepatitis B and C are some of the main causes of hepatocellular carcinoma, prevention of infection is key to then prevent HCC. Thus, childhood vaccination against hepatitis B may reduce the risk of liver cancer in the future. In the case of patients with cirrhosis, alcohol consumption is to be avoided. Also, screening for hemochromatosis may be beneficial for some patients. Whether screening those with chronic liver disease for HCC improves outcomes is unclear. Treatment
Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma varies by the stage of disease, a persons likelihood to tolerate surgery, and availability of liver transplant:

Curative intention: for limited disease, when the cancer is limited to one or more areas of within the liver, surgically removing the malignant cells may be curative. This may be accomplished by resection the affected portion of the liver (partial hepatectomy) or in some cases by orthotopic liver transplantation of the entire organ. "Bridging" intention: for limited disease which qualifies for potential liver transplantation, the person may undergo targeted treatment of some or all of the known tumor while waiting for a donor organ to become available. "Downstaging" intention: for moderately advanced disease which has not spread beyond the liver, but is too advanced to qualify for curative treatment.