Vision is better in low light and better for moving or distant objects. Not all affected dogs go blind. Secondary cataracts are common. Commonly affected breeds
Labrador Retriever
Golden Retriever
Border Collie
Collie
Shetland Sheepdog
English Cocker Spaniel
English Springer Spaniel
Chesapeake Bay Retriever
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
Briard - has an especially high frequency.It can also be found in the poodle varieties

Hereditary retinal dysplasia
There is another retinal disease in Briards known as hereditary retinal dysplasia. These dogs are night blind from birth, and day vision varies. Puppies affected often have nystagmus. It is also known as lipid retinopathy. Diagnosis
Progressive vision loss in any dog in the absence of canine glaucoma or cataracts can be an indication of PRA. It usually starts with decreased vision at night, or nyctalopia. Other symptoms include dilated pupils and decreased pupillary light reflex. Fundoscopy to examine the retina will show shrinking of the blood vessels, decreased pigmentation of the nontapetal fundus, increased reflection from the tapetum due to thinning of the retina, and later in the disease a darkened, atrophied optic disc. Secondary cataract formation in the posterior portion of the lens can occur late in the disease. In these cases diagnosis of PRA may require electroretinography (ERG). For many breeds there are specific genetic tests of blood or buccal mucosa for PRA.Absent a genetic test, animals of breeds susceptible to PRA can be cleared of the disease only by the passage of time—that is, by living past the age at which PRA symptoms are typically apparent in their breed.
Warsaw breakage syndrome is a rare genetic condition. Fewer than 10 cases have been reported by 2018. Its clinical manifestations affect several organ systems. Presentation
These include
Severe pre- and postnatal growth retardation
Microcephaly
Intellectual disability
Dysmorphic features
Small and elongated face
Narrow bifrontal diameter
Prominent cheeks
Small nares
Flat philtrum
Relatively large mouth
Bilateral epicanthal folds
High arched palate
Microretrognathism
Coloboma of the optic disc
Strabismus
Cup-shaped ears
Sensorineural deafness
Short neck
Jugular hypoplasia
Cardiac features
Ventricular septal defect
Tetralogy of Fallot
Sketelal features
Clinodactyly of the fifth fingers
Syndactyly of the second and third toes
Small thumbs
Small fibulae
Others
Abnormal skin pigmentation
Single palmar crease

Genetics
This condition is caused by mutations in the DDX11 gene which is located on the short arm of chromosome 12 (12p11). This gene encodes an iron-sulfur containing DNA helicase that belongs to the superfamily 2 of helicases. This protein interacts with the 9-1-1 checkpoint complex protein.The inheritance pattern is not yet clear. Diagnosis
The diagnosis may be suspected on clinical grounds and can be confirmed by sequencing the DDX11 gene. Differential diagnosis
The DDX should be based on the following:
Bloom syndrome
Cornelia de Lange syndrome
Fanconi anemia
Nijmegen breakage syndrome
Roberts syndrome
Xeroderma pigmentosum

Treatment
There is no known curative treatment for this condition presently. Management is supportive. History
This condition was first described in 2010. == References ==