Signs and symptoms
Aching, heavy legs
Appearance of spider veins (telangiectasia) in the affected leg
Ankle swelling
A brownish-yellow shiny skin discoloration near the affected veins
Redness, dryness, and itchiness of areas of skin, termed stasis dermatitis or venous eczema
Muscle cramps when making sudden movements, such as standing
Abnormal bleeding or healing time for injuries in the affected area
Lipodermatosclerosis or shrinking skin near the ankles
Restless legs syndrome appears to be a common overlapping clinical syndrome in people with varicose veins and other chronic venous insufficiency
Atrophie blanche, or white, scar-like formations
Burning or throbbing sensation in the legsPeople with varicose veins might have a positive D-dimer blood test result due to chronic low-level thrombosis within dilated veins (varices). Complications
Most varicose veins are reasonably benign, but severe varicosities can lead to major complications, due to the poor circulation through the affected limb. Pain, tenderness, heaviness, inability to walk or stand for long hours
Skin conditions / dermatitis which could predispose skin loss
Skin ulcers especially near the ankle, usually referred to as venous ulcers
Development of carcinoma or sarcoma in longstanding venous ulcers. Over 100 reported cases of malignant transformation have been reported at a rate reported as 0.4% to 1%
Severe bleeding from minor trauma, of particular concern in the elderly
Blood clotting within affected veins, termed superficial thrombophlebitis. These are frequently isolated to the superficial veins, but can extend into deep veins, becoming a more serious problem. Acute fat necrosis can occur, especially at the ankle of overweight people with varicose veins.
In extensive superficial thrombophlebitis, consideration should be given to anti-coagulation, thrombectomy, or sclerotherapy of the involved vein. Topical gel application helps in managing symptoms related to varicose veins such as inflammation, pain, swelling, itching, and dryness. Procedures
Stripping
Stripping consists of removal of all or part the saphenous vein (great/long or lesser/short) main trunk. The complications include deep vein thrombosis (5.3%), pulmonary embolism (0.06%), and wound complications including infection (2.2%). There is evidence for the great saphenous vein regrowing after stripping. For traditional surgery, reported recurrence rates, which have been tracked for 10 years, range from 5% to 60%. In addition, since stripping removes the saphenous main trunks, they are no longer available for use as venous bypass grafts in the future (coronary or leg artery vital disease). Other
Other surgical treatments are:

CHIVA method (ambulatory conservative haemodynamic correction of venous insufficiency) is a relatively low-invasive surgical technique that incorporates venous hemodynamics and preserves the superficial venous system. The overall effectiveness compared to stripping, radiofrequency ablation treatment, or endovenous laser therapy is not clear and there is no strong evidence to suggest that CHIVA is superior to stripping, radiofrequency ablation, or endovenous laser therapy for recurrence of varicose veins. There is some low-certainty evidence that CHIVA may result in more bruising compared to radiofrequency ablation treatment. Ambulatory phlebectomy. Vein ligation is done at the saphenofemoral junction after ligating the tributaries at the sephanofemoral junction without stripping the long saphenous vein provided the perforator veins are competent and absent DVT in the deep veins.