In ESCAPE-1, Cleviprex had a significantly lower rate of treatment failure when compared with placebo (7.5% vs 82.7%) and a 92.5% rate of success in lowering systolic blood pressure (SBP) by ≥15%. The median time to reduce SBP ≥15% from baseline was 6 minutes. ESCAPE-2 was a  double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled efficacy trials of 110 cardiac surgery patients. In ESCAPE-2, Cleviprex had a significantly lower rate of treatment failure when compared with placebo (8.2% vs 79.6%) and a 91.8% treatment success rate. The median time to reduce SBP ≥15% from baseline was 5.3 minutes. The ECLIPSE trials consisted of three safety trials in which 1506 patients were randomized to receive Cleviprex, nitroglycerin, sodium nitroprusside, or nicardipine, for the treatment of hypertension associated with cardiac surgery. The incidence of death, stroke, myocardial infarction (heart attack), and renal dysfunction at 30 days did not differ significantly between the pooled Cleviprex and comparator treatment arms. VELOCITY was an open-label trial of 126 patients with severe hypertension (BP > 180/115 mmHg) in the emergency department and intensive care unit. In VELOCITY, 104 out of 117 patients (88.9%) achieved a target SBP mean decrease of 21.1% at 30 minutes. References
Further reading
External links
"Cleviprex Prescribing Information" (PDF). cleviprex.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-09. "The Medicines Companys Cleviprex(TM) Receives FDA Approval". Press release. The Medicines Company. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
Complications
Note that the B12 shot which begins the Schilling test is enough to go a considerable way toward treating B12 deficiency, so the test is also a partial treatment for B12 deficiency. Also, the classic Schilling test can be performed at any time, even after full B12 repletion and correction of the anemia, and it will still show if the cause of the B12 deficiency was intrinsic-factor related. In fact, some clinicians have suggested that folate and B12 replacement for several weeks be normally performed before a Schilling test is done, since folate and B12 deficiencies are both known to interfere with intestinal cell function, and thus cause malabsorption of B12 on their own, even if intrinsic factor is being made. This state would then tend to cause a false-positive test for both simple B12 and intrinsic factor-related B12 malabsorption. Several weeks of vitamin replacement are necessary, before epithelial damage to the G.I. tract from B12 deficiency is corrected. Many labs have stopped performing the Schilling test, due to lack of production of the cobalt radioisotopes and labeled-B12 test substances. Also, injection replacement of B12 has become relatively inexpensive, and can be self-administered by patients, as well as megadose oral B12. Since these are the same treatments which would be administered for most causes of B12 malabsorption even if the exact cause were identified, the diagnostic test may be omitted without damage to the patient (so long as follow-up treatment and occasional serum B12 testing is not allowed to lapse).