Causes
Injuries of the forearm with compression of the nerve from swelling is the most common cause: examples include supracondylar fractures, often associated with haemorrhage into the deep musculature; injury secondary to open reduction of a forearm fracture; or dislocation of the elbow.⁠⁠Direct trauma from a penetrating injury such as a stab wound is a possible cause for the syndrome.Fibrous bands or Arcuate ligament~arcuate (curved) ligaments may entrap the median as well as the anterior interosseous nerve, in which case a patient may experience hand numbness as well as wrist pain.⁠⁠Very similar syndromes can be caused by more proximal lesions, such as brachial plexus neuritis.⁠Anterior interosseous nerve entrapment or compression injury remains a difficult clinical diagnosis because it is mainly a motor nerve problem, and the syndrome is often mistaken for index finger and/or thumb tendon injury.⁠

Anatomy
The anterior interosseous nerve is a branch of the median nerve, with a large sensory branch to the wrist bones, which arises just below the elbow. It passes distally, anteriorly along the interosseous membrane and innervates flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus to index and middle finger as well as pronator quadratus, and supplies sensory feedback from the wrist bones, i.e. the carpal tunnel, not skin. Diagnosis
Electrophysiologic testing is an essential part of the evaluation of anterior interosseous nerve syndrome.
Spontaneous recovery has been reported, but is said to be delayed and incomplete.There may be a role for physiotherapy in some cases, and this should be directed specifically towards the pattern of pain and symptoms. Soft tissue massage, stretches and exercises to directly mobilise the nerve tissue may be used.⁠

History
The syndrome was first described by Parsonage and Turner in 1948⁠ and further defined as isolated lesion of the anterior interosseous nerve by Leslie Gordon Kiloh and Samuel Nevin in 1952. References


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