It also exhibits weak partial agonism of GABAA receptor complexes that contain α6-type monomers; the clinical relevance of this is unknown.Flumazenil does not antagonize all of the central nervous system effects of drugs affecting GABA-ergic neurons by means other than the benzodiazepine receptor (including ethanol, barbiturates, and most anesthetics) and does not reverse the effects of opioids. It will however antagonize the action of non-benzodiazepine z-drugs, such as zolpidem and zopiclone, because they act via the benzodiazepine site of the GABA receptor - it has been used to successfully treat z-drug overdose. Pharmacodynamics
Intravenous flumazenil has been shown to antagonize sedation, impairment of recall, psychomotor impairment and ventilatory depression produced by benzodiazepines in healthy human volunteers. The duration and degree of reversal of sedative benzodiazepine effects are related to the dose and plasma concentrations of flumazenil. Availability
Flumazenil is sold under a wide variety of brand names worldwide like Anexate, Lanexat, Mazicon, Romazicon. In India it is manufactured by Roche Bangladesh Pharmaceuticals and USAN Pharmaceuticals. See also
Benzodiazepine overdose
Benzodiazepine
Bretazenil
Imidazenil
Ro15-4513
GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulators

References
Other
Romazicon product information, Roche USA

External links
 Media related to Flumazenil at Wikimedia Commons
Flumazenil drug label/data at Daily Med from U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) is a type of mast cell activation disorder (MCAD), and is an immunological condition in which mast cells inappropriately and excessively release chemical mediators, resulting in a range of chronic symptoms, sometimes including anaphylaxis or near-anaphylaxis attacks. Primary symptoms include cardiovascular, dermatological, gastrointestinal, neurological and respiratory problems.Multiple diagnostic schemes for MCAS have been proposed, and the condition is increasingly over-diagnosed or misdiagnosed. Signs and symptoms
MCAS is a condition that affects multiple systems, generally in an inflammatory manner. Symptoms typically wax and wane over time, varying in severity and duration. Many signs and symptoms are the same as those for mastocytosis, because both conditions result in too many mediators released by mast cells. It has many overlapping characteristics with recurrent idiopathic anaphylaxis, although there are distinguishing symptoms, specifically hives and angioedema.Common symptoms include:
Dermatological
flushing
hives
easy bruising
either a reddish or a pale complexion
itchiness
burning feeling
dermatographism
Cardiovascular
lightheadedness, dizziness, presyncope, syncope, arrhythmia, tachycardia
Gastrointestinal
diarrhea and/or constipation, cramping, intestinal discomfort
nausea, vomiting, acid reflux
swallowing difficulty, throat tightness
Respiratory
congestion, coughing, wheezing
Anaphylaxis If too many mediators are released into a patients system, they may also experience anaphylaxis, which primarily includes: difficulty breathing, itchy hives, flushing or pale skin, feeling of warmth, weak and rapid pulse, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness and fainting. Causes
There are no known causes, but the condition appears to be inherited in some patients. Symptoms of MCAS are caused by excessive chemical mediators inappropriately released by mast cells. Mediators include leukotrienes, histamines, prostaglandin, and tryptase.