A small waist to hip ratio indicates less android fat, high waist to hip ratios indicate high levels of android fat.As  WHR is associated with a womans pregnancy rate, it has been found that a high waist-to-hip ratio can impair pregnancy, thus a health consequence of high android fat levels is its interference with the success of pregnancy and in-vitro fertilisation. Body fat distribution is also related to the sex ratio of offspring. Women with large waists (a high WHR)  tend to have an android fat distribution caused by a specific hormone profile, that is, having higher levels of androgens. This leads to such women having more sons. Liposuction
Liposuction is a medical procedure used to remove fat from the body, common areas being around the abdomen, thighs and buttocks. Liposuction does not improve an individuals health or insulin sensitivity  and is therefore considered a cosmetic surgery. liposuction improves quality of life in everyday activities and issues regarding ones psychological state or social life after liposuction are less serious. It has been found that abdominal exercise alone cannot reduce android fat around the trunk and abdomen  so liposuction is often a short term solution. As liposuction can lower a persons waist–hip ratio by removing fat from locations where android fat accumulates, it can give the appearance of a more attractive body shape, and imitate an indication of reproductive health.
This is because in comparison to their previous lifestyle where they would engage in strenuous physical activity daily and have meals that are low in fat and high in fiber, the Westernized lifestyle has less physical activity and the diet includes high levels of carbohydrates and fats. Age related changes
Android fat distributions change across life course. The main changes in women are associated with menopause. Premenopausal women tend to show a more gynoid fat distribution than post-menopausal women - this is associated with a drop in oestrogen levels. An android fat distribution becomes more common post-menopause, where oestrogen is at its lowest levels. Older men show android fat distributions more often than younger men  which may be due to lifestyle changes, or hormonal changes related to age. Older adults have a greater waist-to-hip ratio than young adults which indicates high levels of android fat in older adults. Computed tomography studies show that older adults have a two-fold increase in visceral fat compared to young adults. These changes in android fat distribution in older adults occurs in the absence of any clinical diseases. == References ==