Likewise, IV fluids and blood transfusions can also be given to patients with a placental abruption in attempts to increase blood pressure and minimize the effects of severe blood loss.If oligohydramnios occurs as a result of a circumvallate placenta, a treatment called amnioinfusion may be considered to replenish the amount of lost amniotic fluid within the amniotic sac. Amnioinfusion may help in preventing underdevelopment of the lungs.If diagnosed with a circumvallate placenta, consistent fetal monitoring by a licensed physician can help to prevent and/or reduce the effects of associated complications that may occur. Additionally, healthy lifestyle choices, a well-balanced and nutritious diet, adequate rest, and cessation of alcohol and tobacco products can also help to prevent the incidence of a circumvallate placenta and its associated complications. If diagnosed with a circumvallate placenta, in association with other threatening pregnancies complications, emergency cesarean section will most likely be suggested by a physician. Prognosis
Unfortunately, there is currently not a cure available for circumvallate placenta. While some evidence suggests that a circumvallate placenta can increase the risk of complication during pregnancy, other research suggests this increased risk is marginal. Sadly, circumvallate placenta can occasionally result in infant death depending on the severity of the complications encountered. In other cases, circumvallate placenta can result in premature birth of infants who are otherwise healthy after being monitored in the neonatal intensive care unit for a period of time after birth. Therefore, proper medical care and monitoring are crucial in attempting to minimize the likelihood of complications.
In other cases, patients diagnosed with circumvallate placenta are able to carry their babies until term or near-term. Epidemiology
Circumvallate placenta is a very rare condition affecting pregnant women. This condition is a placental morphological abnormality, with the placenta being formed during the early periods of pregnancy. Women are able to become pregnant with the onset of ovulation and menstruation in early adolescence, with most women becoming pregnant during adulthood. Circumvallate placenta is currently known to affect about 1-2% of pregnancies. It is not virally transmissible to other individuals, nor can it be transferred through contact or respiration.There are no specific racial or ethnic groups that are more predisposed to acquiring a circumvallate placenta during pregnancy, however, as with all pregnancies, there are general risks factors that can put a pregnant woman at risk for complications, including circumvallate placenta. Notably, certain pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia, tend to be almost three times as fatal in African American women compared to non-Hispanic white women, even though both groups tend to experience preeclampsia at almost the same rates. This is partially thought to be due to inequalities in accessing quality prenatal care in lower socioeconomic neighborhoods and the effect of structural racism within healthcare systems. Any woman residing in an area with a lower socioeconomic status, regardless of race or age, is predisposed to developing pregnancy complications like circumvallate placenta if quality prenatal care is not available.