Combination therapy
Amlodipine can be given as a combination therapy with a variety of medications:
Amlodipine/atorvastatin, where amlodipine is given for hypertension or CAD and atorvastatin prevents cardiovascular events, or if the person also has high cholesterol. Amlodipine/aliskiren or amlodipine/aliskiren/hydrochlorothiazide if amlodipine alone cannot reduce blood pressure. Aliskiren is a renin inhibitor, which works to reduce primary hypertension (that with no known cause) by binding to renin and preventing it from initiating the renin–angiotensin system (RAAS) pathway to increase blood pressure. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic and decreases overall blood volume. Amlodipine/benazepril if either drug has failed individually, or amlodipine alone caused edema. Benazepril is an ACE inhibitor and blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the RAAS pathway. Amlodipine/celecoxib
Amlodipine/lisinopril
Amlodipine/olmesartan or amlodipine/olmesartan/hydrochlorothiazide if amlodipine is insufficient in reducing blood pressure. Olmesartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist and blocks part of the RAAS pathway. Amlodipine/perindopril if using amlodipine alone caused edema. Perindopril is a long-lasting ACE inhibitor. Amlodipine/telmisartan, where telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Amlodipine/valsartan or amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide, where valsartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Contraindications
The only absolute contraindication to amlodipine is an allergy to amlodipine or any other dihydropyridines.Other situations occur, however, where amlodipine generally should not be used. In patients with cardiogenic shock, where the hearts ventricles are not able to pump enough blood, calcium channel blockers exacerbate the situation by preventing the flow of calcium ions into cardiac cells, which is required for the heart to pump.
Treatment
Epidemiology
Perlman syndrome is a rare disease with an estimated incidence of less than 1 in 1,000,000. As of 2008, fewer than 30 patients had ever been reported in the world literature. See also
Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome
Multiple abnormalities
Renal cell carcinoma

References


== External links ==