plasmacytoma) usually in bone (occurs in ~33% of cases). Polyneuropathy: The nerve damage is usually symmetrical, located in distal extremities, and due to the nerve losing its fatty myelin coating and axonal damage. Neurons of the Sensory, motor and autonomic nervous systems are all affected. The typical symptoms are therefore numbness, tingling, and weakness in the feet, later affecting the legs and hands. Pain is unusual, but the weakness may eventually become severe and disabling. The autonomic neuropathy may cause excessive sweating and erectile dysfunction; hormonal changes may also contribute to the latter. It is usually the symptoms of neuropathy which prompt a person with POEMS syndrome to seek medical attention. Other major criteria
Castleman disease: The lymphoproliferative disorder Castleman disease associated with POEMS syndrome is multicentric and occurs in ~15 of cases. It is characterized by a morphology in lymph nodes termed angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia; an overly activate immune system; excessive production of cytokines including particularly IL-6 and to lesser extents, proliferation of immune B cells and T cells, enlarged lymph nodes, enlarged liver and spleen, capillary leak syndrome, anasarca, evidence of extravascular fluid overload, and organ failure. Patients with Castleman disease without a plasma cell dyscrasia and peripheral neuropathy but having other signs and symptoms of POEMS syndrome can be classified as a Castleman disease variant of POEMS syndrome. Sclerotic bone lesions: These lesions consist of plasma cell tumors encased within or associated with abnormally dense bone structures; in different studies, they have been observed to occur in 27% to 97% of cases.
Kindler syndrome (also known as "bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma of Kindler and Weary",)  is a rare congenital disease of the skin caused by a mutation in the KIND1 gene. Symptoms and signs
Infants and young children with Kindler syndrome have a tendency to blister with minor trauma and are prone to sunburns. As individuals with Kindler syndrome age, they tend to have fewer problems with blistering and photosensitivity. However, pigment changes and thinning of the skin become more prominent. Kindler syndrome can affect various mucous tissues such as the mouth and eyes, which can lead to other health problems. Genetics
Kindler syndrome is an autosomal recessive genodermatosis. The KIND1 gene mutated in Kindler syndrome codes for the protein kindlin-1, which is thought to be active in the interactions between actin and the extracellular matrix (focal adhesion plaques). Kindler syndrome was first described in 1954 by Theresa Kindler. Diagnosis
Clinical and genetic tests are used to confirm diagnosis. Management
Treatment may involve several different types of practitioner to address the various manifestations that may occur. This multidisciplinary team  will also be involved in preventing secondary complications. See also
Rothmund–Thomson syndrome
Epidermolysis bullosa
List of cutaneous conditions

References


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