It may be that quinine plays a role in triggering the condition, and this drug is no longer commonly used for malaria prophylaxis. Quinine remains important for treatment of malaria. Diagnosis
Treatment
The treatment is antimalarial chemotherapy, intravenous fluid and sometimes supportive care such as intensive care and dialysis. Society and culture
Prominent victims
Prior to his photography career, Henri Cartier-Bresson contracted blackwater fever while hunting in Western Africa. Expecting to die, he sent instructions to his family on his wishes for a funeral. He made a full recovery. Zoologist John Samuel Budgett died from the disease in 1904, after returning from a collecting trip to West Africa, in search of specimens of the fish Polypterus. Missionary and explorer George Grenfell died after a bad attack of blackwater fever at Basoko on 1 July 1906. Jesse Brand, a missionary to the Chat Mountains in India, died of blackwater fever in 1928. Actor Don Adams, best known as Maxwell Smart from the popular sitcom Get Smart and as the title character in Inspector Gadget, contracted blackwater fever after being shot in combat at Guadalcanal during World War II. Adams was evacuated from his United States Marine Corps unit to a hospital in New Zealand where he ultimately made a full recovery. Humanitarian and MMA fighter Justin Wren contracted malaria, which devolved into blackwater fever, while drilling water-wells for Congo Pygmies in 2013. The affliction nearly claimed Wrens life. He was misdiagnosed four times and required airlift to Uganda, where he narrowly recovered from severe symptoms.
Sponastrime dysplasia is a rare condition characterised by facial and skeletal abnormalities. Signs and symptoms
The main features of this condition are evident in skeleton and face.Facial features:

Macrocephaly
Frontal bossing
Midface hypoplasia
Depressed nasal root
Small upturned nose
PrognathismSkeletal features:

Shortened limbs (more pronounced in lower limbs)
Short stature
Progressive coxa varaOn X ray:

Abnormal vertebral bodies (particularly in the lumbar region)
Avascular necrosis of the capital femoral epiphyses
Striated metaphyses
Generalized mild osteoporosis
Delayed ossification of the carpal bonesOther associated conditions:
These are variably present
Cataracts
Hypogammaglobulinemia
Intellectual disability
Short dental roots
Subglottic stenosis
Tracheobronchomalacia

Genetics
This condition has been associated with mutations in the Tonsoku-like, DNA repair protein (TONSL) gene. This gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 8 (8q24.3). This gene is also known as NFKBIL2. Pathopysiology
This is not understood. It appears that the TONSL gene product is involved in genome repair. Diagnosis
This can be suspected when the usual facial and skeletal features are present. It is confirmed by sequencing the TONSL gene. Differential diagnosis
Short limbed dwarfism syndrome in association with immunodeficiency. Treatment
There is no specific treatment for this condition. Management is supportive. Epidemiology
This condition is considered to be rare with less than 100 cases reported in the literature. History
This condition was first described in 1983. == References ==