It is effective in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Dosages
Nafarelin is used to treat precocious puberty at a dosage of 1,600 to 1,800 μg per day. The 1,600 μg/day dosage is achieved by two sprays (400 μg total) into each nostril in the morning (four sprays, 800 μg total) and two sprays (400 μg total) into each nostril in the evening (four sprays, 800 μg total). If 1,600 μg/day is insufficient for adequate pubertal suppression, the 1,800 μg/day dosage can be used instead. This is achieved by three sprays (600 μg total) into alternating nostrils three times per day (nine sprays per day total). When administering the sprays, the head should be tilted back slightly and 30 seconds should elapse between each spray. A bottle of nafarelin nasal spray (brand name Synarel) lasts for about 7 days at a dosage of 1,600 μg/day.Nafarelin is used to treat endometriosis at lower dosages of 400 to 800 μg per day. This is achieved by one or two sprays (200 or 400 μg total) into alternating nostrils once in the morning and once in the evening (two to four sprays per day total). A bottle of nafarelin nasal spray (brand name Synarel) lasts for about 30 days at a dosage of 400 μg/day. Available forms
Nafarelin is available in the form of a 0.2% nasal spray for use one, two, or three times per day. Each bottle of nafarelin nasal spray (brand name Synarel) contains about 60 sprays delivering approximately 200 μg nafarelin in 100 μL solution per actuation.
Worms usually appear in the anterior chamber and vitreous and can sometimes be removed surgically. Incubation period
The incubation period in humans is usually from 1 week to 1 month after infection, and can be as long as 47 days. This interval varies, since humans are accidental hosts and the life cycle does not continue predictably as it would in a rat. Cause
Transmission
Transmission of the parasite is usually from eating raw or undercooked snails or other vectors. Infection is also frequent from ingestion of contaminated water or unwashed salad that may contain small snails and slugs, or have been contaminated by them. Reservoirs
Rats are the definitive host and the main reservoir for A. cantonensis, though other small mammals may also become infected. While Angiostrongylus can infect humans, humans do not act as reservoirs since the worm cannot reproduce in humans and therefore humans cannot contribute to their life cycle. Vectors
Angiostrongylus cantonensis has many vectors among invertebrates, with the most common being several species of snails, including the giant African land snail (Achatina) in the Pacific islands and apple snails of the genus Pila in Thailand and Malaysia. The golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, is the most important vector in areas of China. Freshwater prawns, crabs, or other paratenic, or transport, hosts can also act as vectors. Organism
Morphology
A. cantonensis is a nematode roundworm with 3 outer protective collagen layers, and a simple stomal opening or mouth with no lips or buccal cavity leading to a fully developed gastrointestinal tract. Males have a small copulatory bursa at the posterior.