It is estimated that at least 75% of preterm infants would survive with appropriate treatment, and the survival rate is highest among the infants born the latest in gestation. In women who might deliver between 24 and 37 weeks, corticosteroid treatment may improve outcomes. A number of medications, including nifedipine, may delay delivery so that a mother can be moved to where more medical care is available and the corticosteroids have a greater chance to work. Once the baby is born, care includes keeping the baby warm through skin-to-skin contact or incubation, supporting breastfeeding and/or formula feeding, treating infections, and supporting breathing. Preterm babies sometimes require intubation.Preterm birth is the most common cause of death among infants worldwide. About 15 million babies are preterm each year (5% to 18% of all deliveries). Late preterm birth accounts for 75% of all preterm births. This rate is inconsistent across countries. In the United Kingdom 7.9% of babies are born pre-term and in the United States 12.3% of all births are before 37 weeks gestation. Approximately 0.5% of births are extremely early periviable births (20–25 weeks of gestation), and these account for most of the deaths. In many countries, rates of premature births have increased between the 1990s and 2010s. Complications from preterm births resulted in 0.81 million deaths in 2015, down from 1.57 million in 1990. The chance of survival at 22 weeks is about 6%, while at 23 weeks it is 26%, 24 weeks 55% and 25 weeks about 72%.
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) as can be seen in hypercalcemia, medullary nephrocalcinosis of any cause, or in children with Bartter syndrome in whom essential tubular salt reabsorption is compromised.There are several causes of nephrocalcinosis that are typically acute and present only with kidney failure. These include tumor lysis syndrome, acute phosphate nephropathy, and occasional cases of enteric hyperoxaluria. Cause
Nephrocalcinosis is connected with conditions that cause hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and the increased excretion of calcium, phosphate, and/or oxalate in the urine. A high urine pH can lead to  Nephrocalcinosis but only if it is accompanied by hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia, since having a normal urinary citrate usually inhibits the crystallization of calcium. In conjunction with Nephrocalcinosis, hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria the following can occur:
Primary hyperparathyroidism: Nephrocalcinosis is one of the most common symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism. Sarcoidosis: Nephrocalcinosis is one of the most common symptoms. Vitamin D: This can cause nephrocalcinosis because of Vitamin D therapy because it increases the absorption of ingested calcium and bone resorption, resulting in hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. Medullary nephrocalcinosis
Medullary sponge kidney
Distal renal tubular acidosis
Hyperoxaluria
Renal papillary necrosisAnd other causes of hypercalcemia (and thus hypercalciuria)
Immobilization (leading to hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria)
Milk-alkali syndrome
Hypervitaminosis D
Multiple myeloma

Hypercalciuria without hypercalcemia
These conditions can cause nephrocalcinosis in association with hypercalciuria without hypercalcemia:
Distal renal tubular acidosis
Medullary sponge kidney
Neonatal nephrocalcinosis and loop diuretics
Inherited tubulopathies
Chronic hypokalemia
Beta thalassemia

Mechanism
Nephrocalcinosis is caused by an increase in the urinary excretion of calcium, phosphate, and/or oxalate. Nephrocalcinosis is closely associated with nephrolithiasis, and patients frequently present with both conditions, however there have been cases where one occurs without the other.