In comparison, stuttering can be seen as a process where a word appears to become "stuck," and the person may grimace, jerk the head or neck as he struggles to overcome the stutter. Characteristics
Characteristics of developmental dysfluency include:
Repeating phrases (e.g. "he ate-he ate my cookie)
Use of filler words (um, uh, like, ah, etc)
No tension of physical inability and struggle to speak
Lack of problematic behaviors when speaking
No negative reaction or frustration
Appearance of dysfluencies only last less than 6 monthsChildren with normal dysfluency tend to have stuttering difficulties that come and go. Generally this is during preschool years and the problem normally ceases altogether by the time a child starts school. Everyone experiences periods of dysfluency - normal speech patterns include about 2-4% interruptions in flow or fluency. Revisions, word and phrase repetitions and interjections are all common in children speech (see typical dysfluencies below) whereas; sound and syllable repetition, sound prolongation and broken words are much more atypical. Typical Dysfluency Examples
The term dysfluency is used to describe normal irregularities that occur during speech. As children begin to learn how to communicate with language some will experience issues between the ages of 2-6. These can include:
Phrase revisions or abandoned utterances ("Im want. Can I have...")
Hesitations between words ("Can you give me ... blocks")
Multisyllabic word repetitions ("Gimme, Wanna ... etc)
Phrase repetitions ("I need I need I need ... a hug")
Interjections/Interruptions in sentence structure ("Youre ummm, really funny")Children are learning language and linguistics among many other things.
Mixed with europium fluoride, it is also applied in the crystal membrane of fluoride ion-selective electrodes. Like horseradish peroxidase, lanthanum is used as an electron-dense tracer in molecular biology. Lanthanum-modified bentonite (or phoslock) is used to remove phosphates from water in lake treatments. Lanthanum telluride (La3Te4) is considered to be applied in the field of radioisotope power system (nuclear power plant) due to its significant conversion capabilities. The transmuted elements and isotopes in the segment will not react with the material itself, thus presenting no harm to the safety of the power plant. Though iodine, which can be generated during transmutation, is suspected to react with La3Te4 segment, the quantity of iodine is small enough to possess threat to the power system. Biological role
Lanthanum has no known biological role in humans. The element is very poorly absorbed after oral administration and when injected its elimination is very slow. Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol) was approved as a phosphate binder to absorb excess phosphate in cases of end stage renal disease.While lanthanum has pharmacological effects on several receptors and ion channels, its specificity for the GABA receptor is unique among trivalent cations. Lanthanum acts at the same modulatory site on the GABA receptor as zinc, a known negative allosteric modulator.