The neurologic signs localizing to certain areas of the brain that can be observed are hemiparesis, bradykinesia, hyperreflexia, extensor plantar reflexes, ataxia, pseudobulbar palsy, as well as gait problems and swallowing difficulties. People have patchy deficits in terms of cognitive testing. They tend to have better free recall and fewer recall intrusions when compared with patients with Alzheimers disease. In the more severely affected patients, or patients affected by infarcts in Wernickes or Brocas areas, specific problems with speaking called dysarthria and aphasias may be present.In small vessel disease, the frontal lobes are often affected. Consequently, patients with vascular dementia tend to perform worse than their Alzheimers disease counterparts in frontal lobe tasks, such as verbal fluency, and may present with frontal lobe problems: apathy, abulia (lack of will or initiative), problems with attention, orientation, and urinary incontinence. They tend to exhibit more perseverative behavior. VaD patients may also present with general slowing of processing ability, difficulty shifting sets, and impairment in abstract thinking. Apathy early in the disease is more suggestive of vascular dementia.Rare genetic disorders that cause vascular lesions in the brain have other presentation patterns. As a rule, they tend to occur earlier in life and have a more aggressive course. In addition, infectious disorders, such as syphilis, can cause arterial damage, strokes, and bacterial inflammation of the brain. Causes
Vascular dementia can be caused by ischemic or hemorrhagic infarcts affecting multiple brain areas, including the anterior cerebral artery territory, the parietal lobes, or the cingulate gyrus.
The differentiating factor between invasive and fulminant infections is that the progress of the disease is very rapid in fulminant. The progress of the disease is so quick that it can kill a person in a month if not treated. One of the most common type of fulminant fungal infection is mucormycosis. Signs and symptoms
Individuals with the condition of fungal sinusitis mostly present with features that include facial pain and pain around the eyes, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea(running nose), headache, later there may be ophthalmoplegia (paralysis of ocular muscles). Pathophysiology
The mechanism of fungal sinusitis depends on which form, such as:

Acute fulminant form – the fungus invades into vessels causing thrombosis, necrosis with minimum inflammation 
Chronic invasive – fungal hyphae invades tissue leaving necrosis with minimal inflammation 
Granulomatous form – invasive hyphae invades tissue with inflammation and non-caseating granuloma (with foreign bodies). Saprophytic infection – growth of fungus seen on mucous crusts within sinus cavity. Sinus fungal ball – sequestration of fungal hyphae as densely tangled, and has gritty matted appearance. Eosinophil related Allergic fungal sinusitis – though not completely understood, a possible mechanism sees the protein component of fungus elicits IgE mediated allergic mucosal inflammation. Diagnosis
In terms of diagnosis, the clinical examination gives an idea about fungal sinusitis, as well as:

Suggestive clinical features include - multiple recurrent episodes, persistent pathology, and absent ability to smell (the Eustachian tube may also be affected). X-Ray - can be done if the diagnosis is not certain.