Tooth impaction: these can cause resorption of adjacent teeth and other pathologies for example a dentigerous cyst formation. Psychosocial wellbeing: malocclusions of teeth with perceived poor aesthetics can have a significant effect on self-esteem. This is subjective in nature and will vary widely, being subject cultural and racial influences.Malocclusions may be coupled with skeletal disharmony of the face, where the relations between the upper and lower jaws are not appropriate. Such skeletal disharmonies often distort sufferers face shape, severely affect aesthetics of the face, and may be coupled with mastication or speech problems. Most skeletal malocclusions can only be treated by orthognathic surgery. Classification
Depending on the sagittal relations of teeth and jaws, malocclusions can be divided mainly into three types according to Angles classification system published 1899. However, there are also other conditions, e.g. crowding of teeth, not directly fitting into this classification. Many authors have tried to modify or replace Angles classification. This has resulted in many subtypes and new systems (see section below: Review of Angles system of classes). A deep bite (also known as a Type II Malocclusion) is a condition in which the upper teeth overlap the lower teeth, which can result in hard and soft tissue trauma, in addition to an effect on appearance. It has been found to occur in 15–20% of the US population.An open bite is a condition characterised by a complete lack of overlap and occlusion between the upper and lower incisors. In children, open bite can be caused by prolonged thumb sucking.
For the best care, patients should see a physician who regularly treats leptomeningeal cancer and is most up-to-date on medicines that penetrate the blood-brain barrier, how to treat the symptoms, and clinical trials that might include patients with leptomeningeal cancer. Risks of treatments
Both Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy are harmful to the body and most definitely the brain. Caution must be utilized in treating patients with NM. Another factor that makes treatment difficult is that there is no suitable method to evaluate the disease progression. Prognosis
The prognosis is generally poor with survival typically measured in months. The median survival time of patients without treatment is four to six weeks. The best prognoses are seen from NM due to breast cancer with the median overall survival of no more than six months after diagnosis of NM. Death is generally due to progressive neurological dysfunction. Treatment is meant to stabilize neurological function and prolong survival. Neurological dysfunction usually cannot be fixed but progressive dysfunction can be halted and survival may be increased to four to six months. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of cancer patients. The disease is usually terminal and if left untreated, the median survival is 4–6 weeks whereas if treated, the median survival can increase to 2–3 months. Treatment will be more effective if it is done on the primary tumor before it metastasizes to the brain or spinal cord. Patients with leukaemia achieve better results compared to patients with solid tumours who have undergone treatment.