Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the single most common form of focal seizure.The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) recognizes two main types of temporal lobe epilepsy: mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), arising in the hippocampus, the parahippocampal gyrus and the amygdala which are located in the inner (medial) aspect of the temporal lobe, and lateral temporal lobe epilepsy (LTLE), the rarer type, arising in the neocortex at the outer (lateral) surface of the temporal lobe. The seizures of LTLE are characterized by auditory or visual features. Autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy (ADLTLE) is a rare hereditary condition, often associated with mutations in the LGI1 gene. Signs and symptoms
When a seizure begins in the temporal lobe, its effects depend on the precise location of its point of origin, its locus. In 1981, the ILAE recognized three types of seizures occurring in temporal lobe epilepsy. The classification was based on EEG findings. However, as of 2017 the general classification of seizures has been revised. The newer classification uses three key features: where the seizures begin, the level of awareness during a seizure, and other features. Focal seizures
Focal seizures in the temporal lobe involve small areas of the lobe such as the amygdala and hippocampus.The newer classification gives two types of focal onset seizures, as focal aware and  focal impaired awareness. Focal aware seizures
Focal aware means that the level of consciousness is not altered during the seizure. In temporal lobe epilepsy, a focal seizure usually causes abnormal sensations only.
Popliteal pterygium syndrome (PPS) is an inherited condition affecting the face, limbs, and genitalia. The syndrome goes by a number of names including the popliteal web syndrome and, more inclusively, the facio-genito-popliteal syndrome. The term PPS was coined by Gorlin et al. in 1968 on the basis of the most unusual anomaly, the popliteal pterygium (a web behind the knee). Symptoms and signs
Clinical expressions of PPS are highly variable, but include the following:
Limb findings: an extensive web running from behind the knee down to the heel (90%), malformed toenails, and webbed toes. Facial findings: cleft palate with or without cleft lip (75%), pits in the lower lip (40%), fibrous bands in the mouth known as syngnathia (25%), and tissue connecting the upper and lower eyelids
Genital findings (50%): hypoplasia of the labia majora, malformation of the scrotum, and cryptorchidism. Genetics
The genetic locus for PPS was localized to chromosome 1 in 1999. The disorder is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and is due to mutation of the IRF6 gene. Most reported cases are sporadic; advanced parental age is found in a number of these cases, suggesting new mutations.The term PPS has also been used for two rare autosomal recessively inherited conditions: Lethal PPS and PPS with Ectodermal Dysplasia. Although both conditions feature a cleft lip/palate, syngnathia, and popliteal pterygium, they are clinically distinguishable from the autosomal dominant case.