Koilonychia - spooning, or nails that grow upwards. Associated with iron-deficiency anaemia or vitamin B12 deficiency. Pitting of the nails is associated with psoriasis. Beaus lines are horizontal ridges in the nail. Habit-tic deformity is a condition similar to Beaus Lines caused by long-term skin picking. Discoloration of entire nail bed
Yellowing of the nail bed is associated with chronic bronchitis, lymphatic problems, diabetes, and liver disorders. Brown or copper nail beds are associated with arsenic or copper poisoning, and local fungal infection. Redness is associated with heart conditions. Other color changes and markings
Melanonychia (longitudinal streaking that darkens or does not grow out), especially on the thumb or big toe, may indicate subungual melanoma. White lines across the nail (leukonychia striata, or transverse leukonychia) may be Mees lines or Muehrckes lines. Small white patches  are known as leukonychia punctata. Dark nails are associated with B12 deficiency. Stains of the nail plate (not the nail bed) are associated with  smoking, and henna use. Splinter hemorrhages (or haemorrhages) are tiny blood clots that tend to run vertically under the nails. Drug-induced nail changes are caused by drug usage which may result in various abnormalities. : 665–6

Treatment
In approximately half of suspected nail fungus cases there is actually no fungal infection, but only some nail dystrophy. Before beginning oral antifungal therapy the health care provider should confirm a fungal infection. Administration of treatment to persons without an infection is unnecessary health care and causes needless exposure to side effects.
Patellar tendinitis, also known as jumpers knee, is an overuse injury of the tendon that straightens the knee. Symptoms include pain in the front of the knee. Typically the pain and tenderness is at the lower part of the kneecap, though the upper part may also be affected. Generally there is no pain when the person is at rest. Complications may include patellar tendon rupture.Risk factors include being involved in athletics and being overweight. It is particularly common in athletes who are involved in jumping sports such as basketball and volleyball. The underlying mechanism involves small tears in the tendon connecting the kneecap with the shinbone. Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms and examination. Other conditions that can appear similar include infrapatellar bursitis, chondromalacia patella and patellofemoral syndrome.Treatment often involves resting the knee and physical therapy. Evidence for treatments, including rest, however is poor. Recovery can take between months and persist over years. It is relatively common with about 14% of athletes currently affected; however research reflects that more than half of athletes with this injury end their careers as a result. Males are more commonly affected than females. The term "jumpers knee" was coined in 1973. Signs and symptoms
People report anterior knee pain, often with an aching quality. The symptom onset is insidious. Rarely is a discrete injury described. Usually, the problem is below the kneecap but it may also be above.