However, considering that this rumour first emerged in the 1580s from a Catholic dissenter, it is generally deemed false. Robert Chambers, purported author of Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, and his brother William had six digits on each limb. Lucille Clifton, an African-American poet and civil rights advocate. Zerah Colburn, American prodigious math calculating savant. Calvin Choy, a Hong Konger singer and actor nicknamed "Sir One One" (Sir11) as he has six digits on his right hand. Several members of a Da Silva family in São Paulo, Brazil, have two thumbs on each hand. Vicente Fox, former President of Mexico, has six toes on each foot. Danny Garcia, boxing champion, has six toes on his right foot. Yoandri Hernández Garrido, nicknamed "Veinticuatro" ("twenty four" in Spanish), has six fully formed fingers on both hands and six perfect toes on each foot. Hampton Hawes, jazz pianist, was born with six fingers on each hand (the extra fingers were surgically removed shortly after birth). Henry II the Pious, High Duke of Poland 1238–1241, had six toes on his left foot. A boy named Hong Hong born in Pingjiang County, Hunan province, China, has 31 fingers and toes. Kamani Hubbard, a boy in California was born in 2009 with a rare case of polydactyly, with 12 fingers and 12 toes, all fully functional. Johann Jacob Freiherr von Moscon (1621–1661), Lower Styrian baron, is depicted with six fingers at his left hand on a portrait from Brežice, Slovenia.
In either instance, the apex of the heart will be poorly positioned, which should alert a clinician of the likelihood of atrial isomerism. It is estimated that 5–10% of isomeric patients have mesocardia, in which the heart is positioned at the center of the thorax, 25–50% have dextrocardia, in which the apex of the heart is pointed toward the right side of the thorax, and 50–70% have levocardia, in which the apex of the heart is pointed toward the left side of the thorax. Right atrial appendage isomerism
Right atrial appendage isomerism, also called right atrial isomerism, is a cardiac development defect in which the heart has bilateral right atria and atrial attachments in the muscle wall, as opposed to the normal right atrium and left atrium. In right atrial isomerism, the pulmonary blood oxygen tract is damaged due to right-left shunting of blood. In addition, the atrial septum which distinguishes the 2 atria is absent. These impairments, in addition to congestion in the pulmonary tract, allows deoxygenated blood to mix with oxygenated blood, contributing to cyanosis and possible respiratory distress. Poor systemic circulation also results due to improper positioning of the aorta. Left atrial appendage isomerism
Left atrial appendage isomerism, also called left atrial isomerism, is a cardiac development defect in which the heart has two bilateral left atria and atrial appendages in the muscle wall. Left atrial isomerism can have varied clinical manifestations, including a later onset of symptoms.