However, serious forms can result in the following:
Stunted growth, deformity, and increased likelihood of fractures
Patients experience anemia, recurrent infections, and hepatosplenomegaly due to bone expansion leading to bone marrow narrowing and extramedullary hematopoiesis
It can also result in blindness, facial paralysis, and deafness, due to the increased pressure put on the nerves by the extra bone
Abnormal cortical bone morphology
Abnormal form of the vertebral bodies
Abnormality of temperature regulation
Abnormality of the ribs
Abnormality of vertebral epiphysis morphology
Bone pain
Cranial nerve paralysis
Craniosynostosis
Hearing impairment
Hypocalcemia

Malignant infantile osteopetrosis
Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO), also known as malignant infantile osteopetrosis or infantile malignant osteopetrosis (IMO), is a rare type of skeletal dysplasia characterized by a distinct radiographic pattern of overall increased density of the bones with fundamental involvement of the medullary portion. Infantile osteopetrosis typically manifests in infancy. Diagnosis is principally based on clinical and radiographic evaluation, confirmed by gene analysis where applicable. As a result of medullary canal obliteration and bony expansion, grave pancytopenia, cranial nerve compression, and pathologic fractures may ensue. The prognosis is poor if untreated. The classic radiographic features include endobone or "bone-within-bone" appearance in the spine, pelvis and proximal femora, upper limbs, and short tubular bones of the hand.
Anesthetic risk factors include the use of volatile anesthetics, nitrous oxide (N2O), opioids, and longer duration of anesthesia. Patient factors that confer increased risk for PONV include female gender, obesity, age less than 16 years, past history of motion sickness or chemotherapy-induced nausea, high levels of preoperative anxiety, and patients with history of PONV. Smokers and the elderly often have a decreased risk for PONV. A risk-stratification method created by Apfel et al has been developed to determine a patients risk for PONV. The presence of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 of any of the following risk factors corresponds to a PONV respective risk of 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80%.- Female gender
- Non-smoking
- History of PONV or motion sickness
- Expectant use of postoperative opioid medications

Prevention
Treatment options to prevent PONV include medications such as antiemetics (for example, ondansetron or dexamethasone) or other drugs including tropisetron, dolasetron, cyclizine, and granisetron. Droperidol may cause QT prolongation and is not frequently used. Other approaches to reduce PONV include decision on the types of anaesthetic used during surgery and intravenous (IV) dextrose solutions. Increasing the IV fluids during surgery by giving additional fluid while the person is under general anaesthesia may reduce the risk of nausea/vomiting after surgery. For minor surgical procedures, more research is needed to determine the risks and benefits of this approach. Management
Because  currently no single antiemetic available is especially effective on its own, experts recommend a multimodal approach.