Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), also known as metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is excessive fat build-up in the liver without another clear cause such as alcohol use. There are two types; non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with the latter also including liver inflammation. Non-alcoholic fatty liver is less dangerous than NASH and usually does not progress to NASH or liver cirrhosis. When NAFL does progress to NASH, it may eventually lead to complications such as cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver failure, or cardiovascular disease.Obesity and type 2 diabetes are strong risk factors for NAFLD. Other risks include being overweight, metabolic syndrome (defined as at least three of the five following medical conditions: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high serum triglycerides, and low serum HDL cholesterol), a diet high in fructose, and older age. NAFLD and alcoholic liver disease are types of fatty liver disease. Obtaining a sample of the liver after excluding other potential causes of fatty liver can confirm the diagnosis.Treatment for NAFLD is weight loss by dietary changes and exercise. There is tentative evidence for pioglitazone and vitamin E; bariatric surgery can improve or resolve severe cases. Those with NASH have a 2.6% increased risk of dying per year.NAFLD is the most common liver disorder worldwide and is present in approximately 25% of the worlds population. It is also very common in developed nations, such as the United States, and affected about 75 to 100 million Americans in 2017.
Insulin glulisine is a rapid-acting modified form of medical insulin that differs from human insulin in that the amino acid asparagine at position B3 is replaced by lysine and the lysine in position B29 is replaced by glutamic acid. It was developed by Sanofi-Aventis and approved for marketing by the FDA in 2004; it is sold under the trade name Apidra. When injected subcutaneously, it appears in the blood earlier than human insulin. When used as a meal time insulin, the dose is to be administered within 15 minutes before or 20 minutes after starting a meal. Intravenous injections may also be used for extreme hyperglycemia, but must be performed under the supervision of a medical professional.The most common side effects include hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose levels). Medical uses
Insulin glulisine is indicated for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. References
External links
"Insulin glulisine". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.