There is a recurrence rate of 5%–15% in the surgical operation done to correct the fistula. Epidemiology
Birth injuries that result in the formation of fistulas and urinary and fecal incontinence have been found to be strongly associated with economic and cultural factors. Teenagers and women who sustain injuries that develop into ureterovaginal fistulas during childbirth suffer significant social stigma. Ureterovaginal fistulas related to prolonged, obstructed labor are rare in developed nations but are more common in countries where access to emergent obstetrical care is limited. References
Bibliography
Abele, H (2014). Atlas of gynecologic surgery. Stuttgart: Thieme. ISBN 978-3-13-650704-9. == External links ==
Halogen acne is caused by iodides, bromides and fluorides (halogens) that induce an acneiform eruption similar to that observed with steroids. See also
Halogenoderma
List of cutaneous conditions


== References ==