This mutation also tends to affect younger individuals. History
The condition was first described by Gerhard Engel in 1864 and Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen in 1890, though William Hunter, who died in 1783, is credited with finding the first example of the disease. "von Recklinghausens disease" (without the qualification "of bone") is a completely unrelated disorder, nowadays termed neurofibromatosis. In 1884, Davies Colley delivered a presentation to the Pathological Society of London that detailed the manifestation of hyperparathyroidism into a brown tumor of the mandible, as well as the histological makeup of the tumor.The discovery and subsequent description of the parathyroid glands is credited to Ivar Sandstrom, though his publication, On a New Gland in Man and Several Mammals-Glandulae Parathyroideae, received little attention. Gustaf Retzius and Eugene Gley compounded his research, the latter credited with the discovery of the function of the parathyroid glands. This research cumulated in the first surgical removal of a parathyroid tumor by Felix Mandel in 1925. A 2.5 × 1.5-inch (64 × 38 mm) tumor was removed from the thyroid artery of a man with advanced OFC. The patients symptoms disappeared, only to return in approximately six years as a result of renal stones that were diagnosed only after the patient had died. In 1932, blood tests on a female patient with renal stone-based OFC revealed extremely high blood calcium levels.
This study found no causal relationship between cerebral hypoxia and low blood pressure and POCD. Age, duration of anaesthesia, introperative complications, and postoperative infections were found to be associated with POCD. POCD is just as likely to occur after operations under regional anesthesia as under general anesthesia. More likely after major operations than minor operations. More likely after heart operations than other types of surgery. More likely in aged than in younger patients. More likely in older patients with high alcohol intake. People with higher preoperative ASA physical status scores are more likely to develop POCD. People with lower educational level are more likely to develop POCD than those with a higher educational level. People with prior history of a stroke, even though there is complete functional recovery, are more likely to develop POCD. More likely in the elderly with pre-existing declining mental functions, termed mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MCI is a transitional zone between normal mental function and evident Alzheimers disease or other forms of dementia. It is insidious, and seldom recognized, except in retrospect after affected persons are evidently demented. Delirium and severe worsening of mental function is very likely in those with clinically evident Alzheimers disease or other forms of dementia, as well as those with a history of delirium after previous operations. Footnotes
Further reading
"Postoperative cognitive dysfunction" (PDF). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Muñoz-Corsini L, Gómez-Arnau J, Porras MC, Galindo S, Jiménez R (May 1997). "Postoperative cognitive dysfunction". Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 44 (5): 191–200. PMID 9280997. Crosby, Gregory; Culley, Deborah J.