The effect of this drug in emptying psychiatric hospitals has been compared to that of penicillin and infectious diseases. But the popularity of the drug fell from the late 1960s as newer drugs came on the scene. From chlorpromazine a number of other similar antipsychotics were developed. It also led to the discovery of antidepressants.Chlorpromazine largely replaced electroconvulsive therapy, hydrotherapy, psychosurgery, and insulin shock therapy. By 1964, about 50 million people worldwide had taken it. Chlorpromazine, in widespread use for 50 years, remains a "benchmark" drug in the treatment of schizophrenia, an effective drug although not a perfect one. The relative strengths or potencies of other antipsychotics are often ranked or measured against chlorpromazine in aliquots of 100 mg, termed chlorpromazine equivalents or CPZE.In the movie: "Shutter Island", chlorpromazine is presented as being the new medicament for psychosis treatment however with adverse effects like tremors or abstinence syndrome. Society and culture
Names
Brand names include Thorazine, Largactil, Hibernal, and Megaphen (sold by Bayer in West-Germany since July 1953).) Research
Chlorpromazine has tentative benefit in animals infected with Naegleria fowleri, and shows antifungal and antibacterial activity in vitro. Veterinary use
The veterinary use of chlorpromazine has generally been superseded by use of acepromazine.Chlorpromazine may be used as an antiemetic in dogs and cats, or, less often, as sedative before anesthesia. In horses, it often causes ataxia and lethargy, and is therefore seldom used.It is commonly used to decrease nausea in animals that are too young for other common anti-emetics.
Calaspargase pegol, sold under the brand name Asparlas, is a medication for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It is approved in the United States as a component of a multi-agent chemotherapeutic regimen for ALL in pediatric and young adult patients aged one month to 21 years.Calaspargase pegol is an engineered protein consisting of the E. coli-derived enzyme L-asparaginase II conjugated with succinimidyl carbonate monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (pegol). The L-asparaginase portion hydrolyzes L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid depriving the tumor cell of the L-asparagine it needs for survival. The conjugation with the pegol group increases the half-life of the drug making it longer acting. The most common (incidence ≥ 10%) grade ≥ 3 adverse reactions are elevated transaminase, increased bilirubin, pancreatitis, and abnormal clotting studies. History
In December 2018, calaspargase pegol-mknl was approved in the United States as a component of a multi-agent chemotherapeutic regimen for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in pediatric and young adult patients age one month to 21 years.Approval was based on a demonstration of the achievement and maintenance of nadir serum asparaginase activity above the level of 0.1 U/mL when using calaspargase pegol-mknl, 2500 U/m2 intravenously, every three weeks. The pharmacokinetics of calaspargase pegol-mknl were studied when administered in combination with multiagent chemotherapy in 124 subjects with B-cell lineage ALL.The FDA approved calaspargase pegol-mknl based on evidence primarily from two clinical trials (Trial 1/NCT01574274 and Trial 2/AALL07P4) of 237 subjects with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).