The goal is to induce a brisk diuresis to prevent myoglobin precipitation and deposition, which can cause acute kidney injury. Mannitol can be added to assist with diuresis. Adding sodium bicarbonate to the IV fluids will cause alkalinization of the urine, believed to reduce the breakdown of myoglobin into its nephrotoxic metabolites, thus preventing renal damage. Often, IV normal saline is all that is needed to induce diuresis and alkalinize the urine. Epidemiology
See also
Pigmenturia

References
Further reading
Pedley, edited by Lewis P. Rowland, Timothy A. (2010). Merritts neurology (12th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 885. ISBN 978-0781791861. Retrieved 10 September 2015. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)
Nyhan, edited by Georg F. Hoffmann, Johannes Zschocke, William L. (2010). Inherited metabolic diseases : a clinical approach. Heidelberg: Springer. p. 165. ISBN 978-3-540-74722-2. Retrieved 10 September 2015. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)

External links

Overview on the Neuromuscular disease center website.
Megaduodenum is a congenital or acquired dilation and elongation of the duodenum with hypertrophy of all layers that presents as a feeling of gastric fullness, abdominal pain, belching, heartburn, and nausea with vomiting sometimes of food eaten 24 hours prior.Megaduodenum does not let the muscles of the duodenum function properly, the movement of waste material in the intestines gets impaired, which in turn affects digestion and nutrition.This condition is a rare entity in adults, because it may be either primary idiopathic or secondary. The secondary causes include Chagas disease, systematic sclerosis, duodenal stenosis, and visceral myopathy. Signs and Symptoms
The signs of duodenum can vary amongst patients. A high rate of chromosomal damage found in blood lymphocytes can indicate the presence of megaduodenum.Symptoms include:

Dilated Duodenum
Abdominal distention
Nausea
Vomiting and diarrhea
Severe digestive pseudo-obstruction
Recurrent urinary retention
Vacuolar degeneration and fibrosis of the longitudinal layer of gastrointestinal muscle.It is possible that this disease can be misdiagnosed and mimic other intestinal disorders, or later increase the chances of becoming a tumor. Causes
Although environmental factors can play a role in the development of Megaduodenum, genetic factors are responsible for creating tumors. Therefore, many complications of chromosomal damage in the blood lymphocytes can be possible causes. However, the main causes are:
Annular pancreas
Adhesions
Systemic sclerosis
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Aneurysm. Duodenal atresiaMegaduodenum due to its duodenal ganglionitis is an unusual condition, Megaduodenums similarity to megacolon and megaesophagus diseases can better explain the most plausible causes of it. In addition, some theories state that megaduodenum can be associated with the following causes: post-vagotomy, vitamin deficiency, and collagen diseases.