Rodney recovered but suffered neurological damage; because his skull was never closed, he wore a helmet until his death at age 11. This was the first case where craniopagual twins were separated and one survived. Lotti and Rosemarie Knaack, who were born in Germany in 1951, were separated at age 6, with Lotti dying in surgery. Rosemarie survived until 2008. Lori and George Schappell, born in 1961, are believed to be the longest-surviving craniopagus twins still living. Ladan and Laleh Bijani, who were born in Iran,  were separated in 2003 at age 29, only to die 90 minutes apart after surgery. Ahmed and Mohamed Ibrahim, who were born in Egypt, were successfully separated in Dallas, Texas, in October 2001, when they were 28 months old. Lea and Tabea Block, who were born in Germany in 2003, were separated in September 2004 at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. Tabea died of cardiac arrest an hour after separation. Anastasia and Tatiana Dogaru were born in 2004 with the crown of Tatianas head joined to the back of Anastasias. Doctors determined in 2007 that they could not be separated. Krista and Tatiana Hogan, born on October 25, 2006. After a series of tests doctors also determined these twins could also not be separated. Joseph and Luka Banda from Zambia, born in 1997, were separated successfully the same year in South Africa by a team of surgeons led by Ben Carson.
Kalia died on 25 November 2020 from cardiac arrest while Jaga continues to live. Rabeya and Rukaya Islam, born in Pabna, Bangladesh in July 2016, were successfully separated after a 33-hour surgery in Dhaka, Bangladesh, by a medical team from a Hungarian nonprofit called the Action for Defenseless People Foundation led by renowned neurosurgeon András Csókay. Two unnamed year-old twins conjoined at the back of their heads were separated successfully in a surgery performed by Dr. Mickey Gideon at the Soroka Medical Center in Beersheba, Israel, in September 2021. Bernado and Arthur Lima, three-year-old twins from Roraima, Brazil, were separated by a team led by Owase Jeelani in a Rio de Janeiro hospital. Seven surgeries were needed, the last of which alone took 27 hours. The operation was particularly notable in that Jeelani received assistance from Great Ormond Street Hospital in London via the use of virtual reality, as well as the twins being the oldest craniopagus twins to be separated. Tatiana and Krista
Throughout history, the fascination about craniopagus twins has continually increased as neurobiology and the field of neuroscience has become more interesting to the public. In 2011, The New York Times Magazine covered a story of two craniopagus twin girls who share a brain and seem to show all different kinds of physiological and emotional responses due to their condition. Though Krista and Tatiana Hogan share a brain, the two girls showed distinct personalities and behavior. One example was when Krista started drinking her juice Tatiana felt it physically going through her body.