The Hebrew word "Tzaraath" from the Old Testament book of Leviticus dating to 1280 BCE (or 1312 BCE) described a group of skin diseases associated with white spots, and a subsequent translation to Greek led to continued conflation of those with vitiligo with leprosy and spiritual uncleanliness.Medical sources in the ancient world such as Hippocrates often did not differentiate between vitiligo and leprosy, often grouping these diseases together. The name "vitiligo" was first used by the Roman physician Aulus Cornelius Celsus in his classic medical text De Medicina.The etymology of the term "vitiligo" is believed to be derived from "vitium", meaning "defect" or "blemish". Society and culture
The change in appearance caused by vitiligo can affect a persons emotional and psychological well-being and may create difficulty in becoming or remaining employed, particularly if vitiligo develops on visible areas of the body, such as the face, hands or arms. Participating in a vitiligo support group may improve social coping skills and emotional resilience. Notable cases include US pop singer Michael Jackson, Canadian fashion model Winnie Harlow, US actor David Dastmalchian and Argentine musician Charly García. French actor Michaël Youn is also affected, as is former French Prime Minister Edouard Philippe. Research
As of July 2013, afamelanotide is in phase II and III clinical trials for vitiligo and other skin diseases.A medication for rheumatoid arthritis, tofacitinib, has been tested for the treatment of vitiligo.In October 1992, a scientific report was published of successfully transplanting melanocytes to vitiligo-affected areas, effectively re-pigmenting the region.
A gaze palsy is the paresis of conjugate eye movements. Horizontal gaze palsy may be caused by lesions in the cerebral hemispheres, which cause paresis of gaze away from the side of the lesion, or from brain stem lesions, which, if they occur below the crossing of the fibers from the frontal eye fields in the caudal midbrain, will cause weakness of gaze toward the side of the lesion. These will result in horizontal gaze deviations from unopposed action of the unaffected extraocular muscles. Another way to remember this is that patients with hemisphere lesions look towards their lesion, while patients with pontine gaze palsies look away from their lesions. Note that patients with gaze palsy still have conjugate eye movements and therefore do not complain of diplopia. The human Robo gene acts as a receptor for a midline repulsive cue. When Robo is mutated, the longitudinal tract formation is disrupted and therefore normal neuronal connections cannot form. This leads to the reduced hindbrain volume and scoliosis, which are common symptoms of horizontal gaze palsy. References

"Altered Levels of Consciousness - Nursing Link". Nursinglink.monster.com. Retrieved 2017-04-18.