Bendamustine, sold under the brand name Treanda among others, is a chemotherapy medication used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkins lymphoma. It is given by injection into a vein.Common side effects include low blood cell counts, fever, nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite, cough, and rash. Other severe side effects include allergic reactions and increased risk of infection. Use in pregnancy is known to harm the baby. Bendamustine is in the alkylating agents family of medication. It works by interfering with the function of DNA and RNA.Bendamustine was approved for medical use in the United States in 2008. It is on the World Health Organizations List of Essential Medicines. The cost in the United Kingdom for the NHS is about 275.81 pounds per 100 mg vial. It was originally made from nitrogen mustard. Medical uses
Bendamustine has been used both as sole therapy and in combination with other agents including etoposide, fludarabine, mitoxantrone, methotrexate, prednisone, rituximab, vincristine and 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan. Lymphomas
One combination for stage III/IV relapsed or refractory indolent lymphomas and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), with or without prior rituximab-containing chemoimmunotherapy treatment, is bendamustine with mitoxantrone and rituximab. In Germany in 2012 it has become the first line treatment of choice for indolent lymphoma. After trial results released in June 2012 showed that it more than doubled disease progression-free survival when given along with rituximab. The combination also left patients with fewer side effects than the older R-CHOP treatment.
The more developed form of viviparity is called placental viviparity; mammals are the best example, but it has also evolved independently in other animals, such as in scorpions, some sharks, and in velvet worms. Viviparous offspring live independently and require an external food supply from birth. Certain lizards also employ this method such as the genera Tiliqua and Corucia. The placenta is attached directly to the mother in these lizards which is called viviparous matrotrophy.Ovoviviparous animals develop within eggs that remain within the mothers body up until they hatch or are about to hatch. It is similar to viviparity in that the embryo develops within the mothers body. Unlike the embryos of viviparous species, ovoviviparous embryos are nourished by the egg yolk rather than by the mothers body. However, the mothers body does provide gas exchange. The young of ovoviviparous amphibians are sometimes born as larvae, and undergo metamorphosis outside the body of the mother.The fish family Syngnathidae has the unique characteristic whereby females lay their eggs in a brood pouch on the males chest, and the male incubates the eggs. Fertilization may take place in the pouch or before implantation in the water. Included in Syngnathidae are seahorses, the pipefish, and the weedy and leafy sea dragons. Syngnathidae is the only family in the animal kingdom to which the term "male pregnancy" has been applied. See also
Evolution of mammals (for the evolution of gestation-related features in humans and other mammals)
Male pregnancy
Nesting instinct
Pregnancy
Pregnancy in fish
Prenatal development
Prenatal nutrition and birth weight

References
External links
NSRL.ttu.edu
Table listing average animal gestation periods