Because factor VII acts directly on factor X, independently from factors VIII and IX, Cevenfacta can be used to restore haemostasis in their absence or in the presence of inhibitors. Military use
rFVIIa was used routinely in severely wounded American troops during the Iraq War, credited with saving many lives but also resulting in a high number of deep venous thromboses and pulmonary emboli, as well as unexpected strokes, heart attacks, and deaths. References
Further reading
Croom KF, McCormack PL (2008). "Recombinant factor VIIa (eptacog alfa): a review of its use in congenital hemophilia with inhibitors, acquired hemophilia, and other congenital bleeding disorders". BioDrugs. 22 (2): 121–36. doi:10.2165/00063030-200822020-00005. PMID 18345709. S2CID 25678733. Ng HJ, Lee LH (2006). "Recombinant activated clotting factor VII (rFVIIa) in the treatment of surgical and spontaneous bleeding episodes in hemophilic patients". Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2 (4): 433–40. doi:10.2147/vhrm.2006.2.4.433. PMC 1994012. PMID 17323597. External links
"Recombinant FVIIa". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Eptacog alfa". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Hydrothorax is a type of pleural effusion in which transudate accumulates in the pleural cavity. This condition is most likely to develop secondary to congestive heart failure, following an increase in hydrostatic pressure within the lungs. More rarely, hydrothorax can develop in 10% of patients with ascites which is called hepatic hydrothorax. It is often difficult to manage in end-stage liver failure and often fails to respond to therapy. Pleural effusions may also develop following the accumulation of other fluids within the pleural cavity; if the fluid is blood it is known as hemothorax (as in major chest injuries), if the fluid is pus it is known as pyothorax (resulting from chest infections), and if the fluid is lymph it is known as chylothorax (resulting from rupture of the thoracic duct). Treatment
Treatment of hydrothorax is difficult for several reasons. The underlying condition needs to be corrected; however, often the source of the hydrothorax is end stage liver disease and correctable only by transplant. Chest tube placement should not occur. Other measures such as a TIPS procedure are more effective as they treat the cause of the hydrothorax, but have complications such as worsened hepatic encephalopathy. See also
Pleural effusion
Pneumothorax

References

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/hydrothorax
Garbuzenko D.V., Arefyev N.O. Hepatic hydrothorax: An update and review of the literature. World J. Hepatol. 2017; 9 (31): 1197-1204


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