Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a group of genetic syndromes all deriving from abnormalities of the ectodermal structures. : 570  More than 150 different syndromes have been identified.Despite some of the syndromes having different genetic causes, the symptoms are sometimes very similar. Diagnosis is usually by clinical observation, often with the assistance of family medical histories so that it can be determined whether transmission is autosomal dominant or recessive. Ectodermal dysplasias are described as "heritable conditions in which there are abnormalities of two or more ectodermal structures such as the hair, teeth, nails, sweat glands, salivary glands, cranial-facial structure, digits and other parts of the body." Presentation
Hair
Individuals affected by an ED syndrome frequently have abnormalities of the hair follicles. Scalp and body hair may be thin, sparse, and very light in color, even though beard growth in affected males may be normal. The hair may grow very slowly or sporadically and it may be excessively fragile, curly, or even twisted. Kinky hair is also a possibility. Nails
Fingernails and toenails may be thick, abnormally shaped, discolored, ridged, slow-growing, or brittle. The cuticles may be prone to infections. Skin
The skin may be lightly pigmented. Skin sustaining injury may grow back permanently hypo-pigmented. In some cases, red or brown pigmentation may be present. Skin can be prone to rashes or infections and can be thick over the palms and soles. Care must be taken to prevent cracking, bleeding, and infection. Sweat glands
Individuals affected by certain ED syndromes cannot perspire.
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Allergen Powder, sold under the brand name Palforzia, is an oral medication for the treatment of allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, in children typically aged between four and 17 years of age who have confirmed cases of peanut allergy. It is taken by mouth.Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) allergen powder is a powder that is manufactured from peanuts and packaged in pull-apart color-coded capsules for dose escalation and up-dosing, and in a sachet for maintenance treatment. The powder is emptied from the capsules or sachet and mixed with a small amount of semisolid food, such as applesauce, yogurt, or pudding for consumption.The most common side effects of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) allergen powder are abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, tingling in the mouth, itching (including in the mouth and ears), cough, runny nose, throat irritation and tightness, hives, wheezing and shortness of breath and anaphylaxis. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) allergen powder should not be administered to those with uncontrolled asthma.To mitigate the risk of anaphylaxis associated with peanut (Arachis hypogaea) allergen powder, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS). Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) allergen powder is only available through specially certified healthcare providers, health care settings, and pharmacies to those who are enrolled in the REMS program. The FDA is requiring that healthcare providers who prescribe peanut (Arachis hypogaea) allergen powder - and healthcare settings that dispense and administer peanut (Arachis hypogaea) allergen powder - are educated on the risk of anaphylaxis associated with its use.