Opium
Lead contaminated opium has been the source of poisoning in Iran and other Middle Eastern countries. This has also appeared in the illicit narcotic supply in North America, resulting in confirmed lead poisoning. Pathophysiology
Exposure occurs through inhalation, ingestion or occasionally skin contact. Lead may be taken in through direct contact with mouth, nose, and eyes (mucous membranes), and through breaks in the skin. Tetraethyllead, which was a gasoline additive and is still used in aviation gasoline, passes through the skin; and other forms of lead, including inorganic lead are also absorbed through skin. The main sources of absorption of inorganic lead are from ingestion and inhalation. In adults, about 35–40% of inhaled lead dust is deposited in the lungs, and about 95% of that goes into the bloodstream. Of ingested inorganic lead, about 15% is absorbed, but this percentage is higher in children, pregnant women, and people with deficiencies of calcium, zinc, or iron. Infants may absorb about 50% of ingested lead, but little is known about absorption rates in children.The main body tissues that store lead are the blood, soft tissues, and bone; the half-life of lead in these tissues is measured in weeks for blood, months for soft tissues, and years for bone. Lead in the bones, teeth, hair, and nails is bound tightly and not available to other tissues, and is generally thought not to be harmful.
Clotrimazole/betamethasone dipropionate, sold under the brand name Lotrisone among others, is a topical medication used for the treatment of fungal infections of the feet, groin, and body in people 17 years of age and older. It is a combination of clotrimazole and betamethasone dipropionate. It is applied to the skin.Common side effects include paresthesia, rash, edema, and secondary infections.In 2019, it was the 366th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 600 thousand prescriptions. Medical uses
Clotrimazole/betamethasone dipropionate is indicated for the topical treatment of symptomatic inflammatory tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis due to Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton rubrum in people 17 years of age and older. Society and culture
Legal status
Clotrimazole/betamethasone dipropionate cream was approved for medical use in the United States in July 1984, and the lotion was approved for use in the United States in December 2000. References
External links
"Betamethasone dipropionate mixture with Clotrimazole". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Betamethasone Topical: MedlinePlus Drug Information". MedlinePlus. "Clotrimazole Topical: MedlinePlus Drug Information". MedlinePlus.