Irlen syndrome, occasionally referred to as scotopic sensitivity syndrome (SSS) or Meares–Irlen syndrome, is a postulated disorder of vision or image-processing in the brain. Irlen syndrome is also sometimes referred to as asfedia or visual stress. Many mainstream professionals are skeptical of the concept. Research on Irlen syndrome has produced mixed results, finding a possible neurological basis for the condition but little or no evidence supporting the most commonly proposed treatment using tinted eyeglasses or overlays to aid reading. History
In 1980, New Zealand teacher Olive Meares described the visual distortions some individuals reported when reading from white paper. In 1983, American psychologist Helen Irlen wrote a paper about the use of coloured overlays aiding the reading abilities of some people. Similar symptoms were separately described by Meares and Irlen, each unaware of the others work. Irlen, who was the first to systematically define the condition, named her findings "scotopic sensitivity", though in the discussions and debates over the following years, some referred to it as Meares-Irlen syndrome. The Irlen Institute, founded by Helen Irlen, describes scotopic sensitivity as "a perceptual processing disorder" related to brain interpretations of colours and light.It remains controversial whether non-Irlen-certified Meares-Irlen syndrome and the original Irlen syndrome are the same condition. Irlen syndrome, for example, seems to include a broader array of symptoms, including severe variants of the core condition.
Melanoderma is a genus of two species of white rot poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2011 to accommodate the type species Melanoderma microcarpum, found in China. Melanoderma disciforme, found in Yunnan, was added to the genus in 2015. The generic name Melanoderma refers to the dark-coloured crust of the cap. Phylogenetic analyses shows that Melanoderma is closely related to the genus Vanderbylia. == References ==