Two years after Kennedys description appeared, March 1718, Dr. Charles Maitland successfully inoculated the five-year-old son of the British ambassador to the Turkish court under orders from the ambassadors wife Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, who four years later introduced the practice to England.An account from letter by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu to Sarah Chiswell, dated 1 April 1717, from the Turkish Embassy describes this treatment:

The small-pox so fatal and so general amongst us is here entirely harmless by the invention of ingrafting (which is the term they give it). There is a set of old women who make it their business to perform the operation. Every autumn in the month of September, when the great heat is abated, people send to one another to know if any of their family has a mind to have the small-pox. They make parties for this purpose, and when they are met (commonly fifteen or sixteen together) the old woman comes with a nutshell full of the matter of the best sort of small-pox and asks what veins you please to have opened. She immediately rips open that you offer to her with a large needle (which gives you no more pain than a common scratch) and puts into the vein as much venom as can lye upon the head of her needle, and after binds up the little wound with a hollow bit of shell, and in this manner opens four or five veins.
The prevalence of hypocholesterolemia in the elderly ranges between 2% to 36%, depending on specific cutoff levels and age range investigated. Alerting physicians to hypocholesterolemia may benefit some of their patients who take cholesterol-lowering drugs and decrease the rate of their emergency room visits. Critical illness
In the setting of critical illness, low cholesterol levels are predictive of clinical deterioration, and are correlated with altered cytokine levels. Causes
Possible causes of low cholesterol are:
statins
hyperthyroidism, or an overactive thyroid gland
adrenal insufficiency
liver disease
malabsorption (inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestines), such as in celiac disease
malnutrition
abetalipoproteinemia - a rare genetic disease that causes cholesterol readings below 50 mg/dL. It is found mostly in Jewish populations. hypobetalipoproteinemia - a genetic disease that causes cholesterol readings below 50 mg/dL
manganese deficiency
Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome
Marfan syndrome
leukemias and other hematological diseases

Diagnosis
Classification
According to the American Heart Association in 1994, only total cholesterol levels below 160 mg/dL or 4.1 mmol/L are to be classified as "hypocholesterolemia". However, this is not agreed on universally and some put the level lower. References


== External links ==