Ifosfamide can cause
a severe encephalopathy (but it can be reversible with stopping use of the drug and starting the use of methylene blue). Bevacizumab and other anti–vascular endothelial growth factor medication can cause posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Toxicity from psychotropic medications
All therapeutic interventions are double-edged swords with benefits and adverse effects, and pharmacotherapy is not an exception. Shortly after the introduction of conventional antipsychotic drugs into clinical practice, relatively rare but serious complications with hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic instability, and disturbed mental status were recognized to develop in some patients treated with antipsychotics. This type of encephalopathy induced by the use of antipsychotics was referred to as neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), and almost all physicians prescribing antipsychotics are nowadays aware of this adverse phenomenon. Another well-known type of encephalopathy associated with psychotropic drug therapy is serotonin toxicity (ST) or serotonin syndrome (SS), which is characterized by autonomic and neuromuscular symptoms and altered mental status. In contrast with the idiosyncratic nature of NMS, ST is a spectrum pathophysiological state assumed to derive from excess serotonergic neural transmission caused by serotonin-related psychotropic agents. In these two decades, pharmacotherapy with psychotropic drugs for mentally ill patients has been dramatically changed, and classical prototypal antipsychotics and antidepressants have been replaced with atypical antipsychotics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), respectively. These newly developed psychotropic drugs are generally safer and more tolerable than older drugs.
Regulatory review is also ongoing in Canada and Switzerland and is planned for the United Kingdom. Daridorexant was originated by Actelion Pharmaceuticals and was further developed by Idorsia. Society and culture
Legal status
Daridorexant is a schedule IV controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act in the United States.Daridorexant (Quviviq) was approved for medical use in the European Union in April 2022. References
Further reading
"Application Number: 214985Orig1s000. Integrated Review. Daridorexant (Quviviq) for Insomnia" (PDF). Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (Food and Drug Administration). 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 April 2022. "Quviviq (Daridorexant) Assessment Report. Procedure No. EMEA/H/C/005634/0000" (PDF). Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (European Medicines Agency). 24 February 2022. External links
"Daridorexant". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.