Podoconiosis, also known as nonfilarial elephantiasis, is a disease of the lymphatic vessels of the lower extremities that is caused by chronic exposure to irritant soils. It is the second most common cause of tropical lymphedema after lymphatic filariasis, and it is characterized by prominent swelling of the lower extremities, which leads to disfigurement and disability. Methods of prevention include wearing shoes and using floor coverings. Mainstays of treatment include daily foot hygiene, compression bandaging, and when warranted, surgery of overlying nodules. Signs and symptoms
Podoconiosis causes bilateral yet asymmetrical leg swelling with overlying firm nodules. Early on, symptoms may include itching, tingling, widening of the forefoot, and swelling which then progress to soft edema, skin fibrosis, papillomatosis, and nodule formation resembling moss, giving rise to the diseases alternate name of "mossy foot" in some regions of the world. As with other forms of tropical lymphedema, chronic disease can lead to rigid toes, ulceration, and bacterial superinfection. During acute episodes of adenolymphangitis, patients may develops fevers, extremity warmth, redness, and pain. These episodes are extremely debilitating and account for many days of activity and productivity loss each year. Psychological consequences
As a result of its appearance, podoconiosis can cause social stigmatization and discrimination. People with podoconiosis also report a lower quality of life than people in  similar neighborhood circumstances except without podoconiosis and also higher levels of mental distress and depression.
Benedikt syndrome, also called Benedikts syndrome or paramedian midbrain syndrome, is a rare type of posterior circulation stroke of the brain, with a range of neurological symptoms affecting the midbrain, cerebellum and other related structures. Signs and symptoms
It is characterized by the presence of an  oculomotor nerve (CN III) palsy and cerebellar ataxia including tremor and involuntary choreoathetotic movements. Neuroanatomical structures affected include the oculomotor nucleus, red nucleus, corticospinal tracts and superior cerebellar peduncle decussation. It has a similar cause, morphology, signs and symptoms to Webers syndrome; the main difference between the two being that Webers is more associated with hemiplegia (i.e. paralysis), and Benedikts with hemiataxia (i.e. disturbed coordination of movements). It is also similar to Claudes syndrome, but is distinguishable in that Benedikts has more predominant tremor and choreoathetotic movements while Claudes is more marked by the ataxia. Causes
Benedikt syndrome is caused by a lesion (infarction, hemorrhage, tumor, or tuberculosis) in the tegmentum of the midbrain and cerebellum. Specifically, the median zone is impaired. It can result from occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery or paramedian penetrating branches of the basilar artery. Diagnosis
Oculomotor nerve palsy: eyeball gazing downward and outward position, diplopia, miosis, mydriasis, and loss of accommodation reflex. Contralateral loss of proprioception and vibration sensations. Cerebellar ataxia: involuntary movements. Treatment
Deep brain stimulation may provide relief from some symptoms of Benedikt syndrome, particularly the tremors associated with the disorder. See also
Claudes syndrome
Wallenberg syndrome

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