A PLP concentration greater than 20 nmol/l has been chosen as a level of adequacy for establishing Estimated Average Requirements and Recommended Daily Allowances in the USA. Urinary PA is also an indicator of vitamin B6 deficiency; levels of less than 3.0 mmol/day is suggestive of vitamin B6 deficiency. Other methods of measurement, including UV spectrometric, spectrofluorimetric, mass spectrometric, thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatographic, electrophoretic, electrochemical, and enzymatic, have been developed.The classic clinical symptoms for vitamin B6 deficiency are rare, even in developing countries. A handful of cases were seen between 1952 and 1953, particularly in the United States, having occurred in a small percentage of infants who were fed a formula lacking in pyridoxine. Causes
A deficiency of vitamin B6 alone is relatively uncommon and often occurs in association with other vitamins of the B complex. Evidence exists for decreased levels of vitamin B6 in women with type 1 diabetes and in patients with systemic inflammation, liver disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and those infected with HIV. Use of oral contraceptives and treatment with certain anticonvulsants, isoniazid, cycloserine, penicillamine, and hydrocortisone negatively impact vitamin B6 status. Hemodialysis reduces vitamin B6 plasma levels. Genetic defects
Genetically confirmed diagnoses of diseases affecting vitamin B6 metabolism (ALDH7A1 deficiency, pyridoxine-5-phosphate oxidase deficiency, PLP binding protein deficiency, hyperprolinaemia type II and hypophosphatasia) can trigger vitamin B6 deficiency-dependent epileptic seizures in infants. These are responsive to pyridoxal 5-phosphate therapy. History
An overview of the history was published in 2012.
Stress may refer to:

Science and medicine
Stress (biology), an organisms response to a stressor such as an environmental condition
Stress (linguistics), relative emphasis or prominence given to a syllable in a word, or to a word in a phrase or sentence
Stress (mechanics), the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other
Occupational stress, stress related to ones job
Psychological stress, a feeling of strain and pressure
Surgical stress, systemic response to surgical injury

Arts, entertainment, and media
Music
Groups and musicians
Stress (Brazilian band), a Brazilian heavy metal band
Stress (British band), a British rock band
Stress (pop rock band), an early 1980s melodic rock band from San Diego
Stress (musician) (born 1977), hip hop singer from Switzerland
Stress (record producer) (born 1979), artistic name of Can Canatan, Swedish musician and record producer

Albums
Stress (Anonymus album), 1997
Stress (Daddy Freddy album), 1991
Stress (Stress album), self-titled album by Brazilian band Stress
Stress: The Extinction Agenda, 1994 album by Organized Konfusion

Songs
"Stress" (Justice song), 2007 song by Justice
"Stress" (Odd Børre song), 1968 song by Odd Børre
"Stress", a song by Godsmack from Godsmack
"Stress", a 2000 song by Jims Big Ego
"The Stress", a 1989 song by Chisato Moritaka

Other music
Stress (music), a type of emphasis placed on a particular note or set of notes

Other arts, entertainment, and media
Stress (card game), a card game
Stress (journal), a medical journal
"Stress" (The Unit), an episode of the television series The Unit

Other uses
Stress (font), varying stroke widths of a font

See also
All pages with titles containing Stress
Emphasis (disambiguation)
Stress cracking (disambiguation)
Stress intensity (disambiguation)
Stress tensor (disambiguation)
Stress test (disambiguation)
Tension (disambiguation)