Thyroglossal Fistula
A thyroglossal duct cyst may rupture unexpectedly, resulting in a draining sinus known as a thyroglossal fistula. Thyroglossal fistula can develop when the removal of the cyst has not been fully completed. This is usually noticed when bleeding in the neck occurs, causing swelling and fluid ejection around the original wound of removal. Thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma
Rarely (in less than 1% of cases), cancer may be present in a thyroglossal duct cyst. These tumors are generally papillary thyroid carcinomas, arising from the ectopic thyroid tissue within the cyst. Causes
Thyroglossal Duct Cysts are a birth defect. During embryonic development, the thyroid gland is being formed, beginning at the base of the tongue and moving towards the neck canal, known as the thyroglossal duct. Once the thyroid reaches its final position in the neck, the duct normally disappears. In some individuals, portions of the duct remain behind, leaving small pockets, known as cysts. During a persons life, these cyst pockets can fill with fluids and mucus, enlarging when infected, presenting the thyroglossal cyst. Embryology
The thyroglossal tract arises from the foramen cecum at the junction of the anterior two-thirds and posterior one-third of the tongue. Any part of the tract can persist, causing a sinus, fistula or cyst. Most fistulae are acquired following rupture or incision of the infected thyroglossal cyst. A thyroglossal cyst is lined by pseudostratified, ciliated columnar epithelium while a thyroglossal fistula is lined by columnar epithelium. Diagnosis
Diagnosis of a thyroglossal duct cyst requires a medical professional, and is usually done by a physical examination.
Sacrosidase (trade name Sucraid) is a medication used to replace sucrase in people lacking this enzyme. It is available as an oral solution. Sucraid is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the therapy of the genetically determined sucrase deficiency that is part of the Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency (CSID). Sacrosidase assists in the breakdown of sugar/sucrose into simpler forms and is useful for the relief of gastrointestinal symptoms that are associated with CSID. References
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Sucraid Oral Solution helps relieve the gastrointestinal symptoms that are associated with CSID (Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase deficiency).