Assessment of mutation status can, therefore, improve patient stratification and inform targeted therapy with specific inhibitors.In some cases (3-7%) mutated versions of BRAF and NRAS undergo copy-number amplification. Metastasis
The research done by Sarnas team proved that heavily pigmented melanoma cells have Youngs modulus about 4.93, when in non-pigmented ones it was only 0.98. In another experiment they found that elasticity of melanoma cells is important for its metastasis and growth: non-pigmented tumors were bigger than pigmented and it was much easier for them to spread. They shown that there are both pigmented and non-pigmented cells in melanoma tumors, so that they can both be drug-resistant and metastatic. Diagnosis
Looking at the area in question is the most common method of suspecting a melanoma. Moles that are irregular in color or shape are typically treated as candidates. To detect melanomas (and increase survival rates), it is recommended to learn to recognize them (see "ABCDE" mnemonic), to regularly examine moles for changes (shape, size, color, itching or bleeding) and to consult a qualified physician when a candidate appears.However, many melanomas present as lesions smaller than 6 mm in diameter, and all melanomas are malignant when they first appear as a small dot. Physicians typically examine all moles, including those less than 6 mm in diameter. Seborrheic keratosis may meet some or all of the ABCD criteria, and can lead to false alarms. Doctors can generally distinguish seborrheic keratosis from melanoma upon examination or with dermatoscopy.Some advocate replacing "enlarging" with "evolving": moles that change and evolve are a concern.
Tinea imbricata (also known in parts of Indonesia as “Kaskado”) is a superficial fungal infection of the skin limited to southwest Polynesia, Melanesia, Southeast Asia, India, and Central America. : 303  The skin lesions are often itchy, and mainly in the torso and limbs. The name is derived from the Latin for "tiled" (imbricata) since the lesions are often lamellar. It is often treated with griseofulvin or terbinafine.The risk of developing tinea imbricata is probably inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.Tinea imbricata is associated with Trichophyton concentricum. Tinea pseudoimbricata
The term "tinea pseudoimbricata" synonymous with "tinea indecisiva", was coined to describe a form of tinea mimicking the concentric rings of tinea imbricata, but is caused by local or systemic immunosuppression. Since then, 3 cases of Trichophyton tonsurans have been associated with it, as well as Trichophyton rubrum which can trigger mycosis fungoides. Mixed infections with scabies have been described to produce tinea pseudoimbricata.As of 2015 in India, corticosteroid–antifungal–antibacterial combinations sold as over-the-counter drug have led to an increase in chronic, recurrent, difficult to treat fungal infections of the skin, including tinea pseudoimbricata. See also
Skin lesion
List of cutaneous conditions

References


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