A mallet finger, also known as hammer finger or PLF finger or Hannan finger, is an extensor tendon injury at the farthest away finger joint. This results in the inability to extend the finger tip without pushing it. There is generally pain and bruising at the back side of the farthest away finger joint.A mallet finger usually results from overbending of the finger tip. Typically this occurs when a ball hits an outstretched finger and jams it. This results in either a tear of the tendon or the tendon pulling off a bit of bone. The diagnosis is generally based on symptoms and supported by X-rays.During injury, this tendon is torn from its attachment site on the bone (called a tendinous mallet finger). But, there are also cases whereby the force of impact causes a small fracture at the base of bone where the tendon is attached to (called a bony mallet finger). In both cases, the tendon is no longer attached to the last bone of the digit and is thus unable to pull the end joint into a straightened position, resulting in a fingertip that droops.Treatment is generally with a splint that holds the fingertip straight continuously for 8 weeks. The middle joint is allowed to move. This should be begun within a week of the injury. If the finger is bent during these weeks, healing may take longer. If a large piece of bone has been torn off surgery may be recommended.
Autoimmune enteropathy (AIE) is a rare disorder of the immune system that affects infants, young children and (rarely) adults causing severe diarrhea, vomiting, and other morbidities of the digestive tract. AIE causes malabsorption of food, vitamins, and minerals often necessitating replacement fluids and total parenteral nutrition. Some disorders, such as IPEX syndrome, include autoimmune enteropathy as well as autoimmune "pathies" of the skin,  thyroid,  other glands, or kidneys. Symptoms
The main symptoms of AIE include:

Diarrhea (frequent loss of fluids)
Intestinal inflammation
Vomiting
Intestinal bleeding
Difficulty or inability to gain weight
Rapid weight loss
Decreased urine output from dehydration

Diagnosis
There is a diagnostic test for AIE that looks for an antibody against the enterocyte. The diagnostic test contains the Western Blot which can identify the antibody IgG or IgA and with the immunohistochemistry can localize these antibodies. Endoscopy with biopsies of the colon, small colon, stomach, and other locations may be helpful in diagnosing. This test is done to look at the stomach and small intestines and to see what cells are infiltrating the digestive tract. There are also documented cases of autoimmune enteropathy where the auto-antibodies were undetectable and the diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical presentation and response to treatment. Types
There are 3 types of autoimmune enteropathy:Type 1: IPEX syndrome: Immune dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X – linked 
	syndrome, which is caused by a mutation in the FOXP3 gene. This can only affect boys. Type 2: IPEX-like, which manifests similarly to IPEX syndrome but without recognizable mutations in the FOXP3 gene.