Ignatius of Constantinople (799–877): twice Patriarch of Constantinople during troubled political times (847–858 and 867–877). First absolutely unquestioned eunuch saint, recognized by both the Orthodox and Roman Churches. (There are a great many early saints who were probably eunuchs, though few either as influential nor unquestioned as to their castration.) Yazaman al-Khadim (died 891): Emir of Tarsus and successful commander in the wars against the Byzantine Empire. Munis al-Khadim (845/846–933/934): Commander-in-chief of the Abbasid armies between 908 and his death. Joseph Bringas (died 965): chief minister of the Byzantine Empire under Romanos II (959–963). Second millennium CE
Jia Xian (c. 1010–c. 1070): Chinese mathematician; invented the Jia Xian triangle for the calculation of square roots and cube roots. Ly Thuong Kiet (1019–1105): general during the Lý Dynasty in Vietnam. Penned what is considered the first Vietnamese declaration of independence. Regarded as a Vietnamese national hero. Pierre Abélard (1079–1142): French scholastic philosopher and theologian. Forcibly castrated by his girlfriends uncle while in bed. Lulu al-Yaya (died 1117): Regent of the Seljuk sultanate of Aleppo. Malik Kafur (fl. 1296–1316): a eunuch slave who became a general in the army of Alauddin Khalji, ruler of the Delhi sultanate. Zheng He (1371–1433): famous admiral who led huge Chinese fleets of exploration around the Indian Ocean. Yishiha (15th century): admiral in charge of expeditions down the Amur River under the Yongle and Xuande Emperors. Wu Rui (15th century): a Chinese eunuch in Lê Dynasty Annam (Vietnam).
Al-Jawdhar was the sole person told about this by al-Qiam as the hujja, which in the Shii sect of Islam is the chosen individual that imams are able to inform about their line of succession. This was one of the most sacred positions in the sect as they were seen as great wells of religious knowledge and law. There were several other eunuchs of high regard in Fatimid history, mainly being Abul-Fadi Rifq al-Khadim and Abul-Futuh Barjawan al-Ustadh. Rifq was a black African eunuch general served as governor of the Damascus until he led an army of 30,000 men in a campaign to expand Fatimid control northeast to the city of Aleppo, Syria. He was noted for being able to unite a diverse group of black Africans, Arabs, Bedouins, Berbers, and Turks into one coherent fight force which was able to successfully combat the Mirdasids, Bedouins, and Byzantines. Barjawan was a European eunuch during late Fatimid rule who gained power through his military and political savvy which brought peace between them and the Byzantine empire. Moreover, he squashed revolts in the Libya and the Levant. Given his reputation and power in the court and military he took the reigns of the caliphate from his then student al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah; then ruled as the de facto Regent 997 CE. His usurpation of power from the caliph resulted in his assassination in 1000 CE on the orders of al-Hakim. Algiers
In the 16th century, an Englishman, Samson Rowlie, was captured and castrated to serve the Ottoman governor in Algiers.