Signs and symptoms
MSA is characterized by the following, which can be present in any combination:
autonomic dysfunction
parkinsonism (muscle rigidity +/ tremor and slow movement)
cerebellar ataxia (Poor coordination/unsteady walking, double vision)A variant with combined features of MSA and dementia with Lewy bodies may also exist. There have also been occasional instances of frontotemporal lobar degeneration associated with MSA. Initial presentation
The most common first sign of MSA is the appearance of an "akinetic-rigid syndrome" (i.e. slowness of initiation of movement resembling Parkinsons disease) found in 62% at first presentation. Other common signs at onset include problems with balance (cerebellar ataxia) found in 22% at first presentation, followed by genito-urinary symptoms (9%): both men and women often experience urgency, frequency, incomplete bladder emptying, or an inability to pass urine (retention). About 1 in 5 MSA patients experience a fall in their first year of disease.For men, the first sign can be erectile dysfunction. Women have also reported reduced genital sensitivity. Progression
As the disease progresses one of three groups of symptoms predominates.
Laws
This method of dismissal is covered by Law 33 of the Laws of cricket which reads:
The striker is out Caught if a ball delivered by the bowler, not being a No ball, touches his/her bat without having previously been in contact with any fielder, and is subsequently held by a fielder as a fair catch,..., before it touches the wicket and ground.This means that the batsman cannot be out caught if:
The ball is called a no-ball or dead ball. The batsman does not hit the ball with his bat or a gloved hand holding the bat. The ball, having been hit, makes contact with the field before a fielder catches the ball. The ball does not remain under the control of the fielder. The ball is hit and lands beyond or on the boundary; (six runs). A fielder taking the catch makes contact with the boundary rope or the area outside the boundary, with any part of his body, equipment, when touching the ball. An airborne fielder taking the catch, having not previously legally touched the ball, had his last contact with the ground not entirely within the boundary.Note that if a batsman could be given out both caught and by another method, caught takes precedence, unless the other method is bowled.If a batsman is out caught, any runs scored off that delivery are voided.