Major typical biochemical findings include:
Low serum and urinary calcium
Low serum phosphate, except in cases of renal osteodystrophy
Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (due to an increase in compensatory osteoblast activity)
Elevated parathyroid hormone (due to low calcium)Furthermore, a technetium bone scan will show increased activity (also due to increased osteoblasts). Radiographic characteristics
Radiological appearances include:
Pseudofractures, also called Loosers zones. Protrusio acetabuli, a hip joint disorder

Prevention
Prevention of osteomalacia rests on having an adequate intake of vitamin D and calcium, or other treatments if the osteomalacia hereditary (genetic). Vitamin D3 Supplementation is often needed due to the scarcity of Vitamin D sources in the modern diet. Treatment
Nutritional osteomalacia responds well to administration of 2,000-10,000 IU of vitamin D3 by mouth daily. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is typically absorbed more readily than vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol). Osteomalacia due to malabsorption may require treatment by injection or daily oral dosing of significant amounts of vitamin D3. Etymology
Osteomalacia is derived from Greek: osteo- which means "bone", and malacia which means "softness". In the past, the disease was also known as malacosteon and its Latin-derived equivalent, mollities ossium. Osteomalacia is associated with increase in osteoid maturation time. See also
Osteopetrosis

References


== External links ==
lower forced expiratory volume per second (FEV1) predicted, impaired walking capacity or increased number of exacerbations) as evaluated by a healthcare professional experienced in the treatment of alpha1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency.The most common side effects include dizziness, headache, dyspnoea (shortness of breath) and nausea. Allergic reactions have been observed during treatment, some of which were severe.Aerosolized-augmented A1AT therapy is under study. This involves inhaling purified human A1AT into the lungs and trapping the A1AT into the lower respiratory tract. However, inhaled A1AT may not reach the elastin fibers in the lung where elastase injury occurs. Further study is currently underway. Recombinant alpha-1 antitrypsin is not yet available for use as a medication but is under development. History
Axelsson and Laurell first investigated the possibility of allelic variants of A1AT leading to disease in 1965. See also
Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, another serpin that is analogous for protecting the body from excessive effects of its own inflammatory proteases

References
Further reading
External links
"Alpha 1-Antitrypsin". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: I04.001
Proteopedia: Alpha-1-antitrypsin
Human SERPINA1 genome location and SERPINA1 gene details page  in the UCSC Genome Browser.