Nerve damage causes the metabolic function of the cell to change from that of producing molecules for synaptic transmission to that of producing molecules for growth and repair. These factors include GAP-43, tubulin and actin. Chromatolysis is reversed when the cell is prepared for axon regeneration.Axon regeneration is characterized by the formation of a growth cone, which has the ability to produce a protease that digests any material or debris that remains in its path of regeneration toward the distal site. The growth cone responds to molecules produced by Schwann cells such as laminin and fibronectin. Neuron-intrinsic changes
Immediately following injury, neurons undergo a large number of transcriptional and proteomic changes which switch the cell from a mature, synaptically active neuron to a synaptically silent, growth state. This process is dependent on new transcription, as blocking the ability of cells to transcribe new mRNA severely impairs regeneration. A number of signaling pathways have been shown to be turned on by axon injury and help to enable long distance regeneration including BMP, TGFβ, and MAPKs. Similarly, a growing number of transcription factors also boost the regenerative capacity of peripheral neurons including ASCL1, ATF3, CREB1, HIF1α, JUN, KLF6, KLF7, MYC, SMAD1, SMAD2, SMAD3, SOX11, SRF, STAT3, TP53, and XBP1. Several of these can also boost the regenerative capacity of CNS neurons, making them potential therapeutic targets for treating spinal cord injury and stroke. Role of Schwann cells
Schwann cells are active in Wallerian degeneration.
Examples include:

Electrodes for fuel cells
Electrodes for medical purposes, such as EEG (for recording brain activity), ECG (recording heart beats), ECT (electrical brain stimulation), defibrillator (recording and delivering cardiac stimulation)
Electrodes for electrophysiology techniques in biomedical research
Electrodes for execution by the electric chair
Electrodes for electroplating
Electrodes for arc welding
Electrodes for cathodic protection
Electrodes for grounding
Electrodes for chemical analysis using electrochemical methods
Nanoelectrodes for high-precision measurements in nanoelectrochemistry
Inert electrodes for electrolysis (made of platinum)
Membrane electrode assembly
Electrodes for Taser electroshock weapon

See also
References
Further reading
Kebede, Mesfin A.; Ezema, Fabian I., eds. (2022). Electrode materials for energy storage and conversion (First ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis. doi:10.1201/9781003145585. ISBN 978-0-367-70304-2. S2CID 240536462. Doeff, MM; Chen, G; Cabana, J; Richardson, TJ; Mehta, A; Shirpour, M; Duncan, H; Kim, C; Kam, KC; Conry, T (11 November 2013). "Characterization of electrode materials for lithium ion and sodium ion batteries using synchrotron radiation techniques". Journal of Visualized Experiments (81): e50594. doi:10.3791/50594. PMC 3989498. PMID 24300777.