People who scored high on the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS) were more likely to stop treatment for cocaine abuse. Additionally, they adhered to treatment for a shorter duration than people that scored low on impulsivity. Also, impulsive people had greater cravings for drugs during withdrawal periods and were more likely to relapse. This effect was shown in a study where smokers that test high on the BIS had increased craving in response to smoking cues, and gave into the cravings more quickly than less impulsive smokers. Taken as a whole the current research suggests that impulsive individuals are less likely to abstain from drugs and more likely to relapse earlier than less impulsive individuals.While it is important to note the effect of impulsivity on substance abuse, the reciprocating effect whereby substance abuse can increase impulsivity has also been researched and documented. The promoting effect of impulsivity on substance abuse and the effect of substance abuse on increased impulsivity creates a positive feedback loop that maintains substance seeking behaviors. It also makes conclusions about the direction of causality difficult. This phenomenon has been shown to be related to several substances, but not all. For example, alcohol has been shown to increase impulsivity while amphetamines have had mixed results.Substance use disorder treatments include prescription of medications such as acamprosate, buprenorphine, disulfiram, LAAM, methadone, and naltrexone, as well as effective psychotherapeutic treatment like 
behavioral couples therapy, CBT, contingency management, motivational enhancement therapy, and relapse prevention.
Moeller, F. Gerard; Barratt, Ernest S.; Dougherty, Donald M.; Schmitz, Joy M.; Swann, Alan C. (November 2001). "Psychiatric Aspects of Impulsivity". American Journal of Psychiatry. 158 (11): 1783–1793. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.11.1783. PMID 11691682. Chamberlain, Samuel R; Sahakian, Barbara J (May 2007). "The neuropsychiatry of impulsivity". Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 20 (3): 255–261. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e3280ba4989. PMID 17415079. S2CID 22198972. External links
 Media related to Impulsivity at Wikimedia Commons
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