Life expectancy and quality of life are therefore the same or very close to that of the normal population, but check ups are recommended so that those few percent who need further treatment get it in time. History
The condition was largely unidentified until the mid-20th century. History of the condition prior to 1945 has been understood via post-mortem records, the first series of which was published in 1928, which examined cases as far back as 1791. The first surgery for coarctation of the aorta was performed by Clarence Crafoord and G. Nylin on October 19, 1944 in Stockholm, Sweden on a 12-year old boy.An anecdotal history statement describes the first diagnosed case of the coarctation of the aorta in Julia the daughter of the French poet Alphonse de Lamartine after the autopsy in 1832 in Beirut, the referenced manuscript still exists in one of the Maronite monasteries in Mount Lebanon. References
Further reading
Toro-Salazar, Olga H; Steinberger, Julia; Thomas, William; Rocchini, Albert P; Carpenter, Becky; Moller, James H (2002). "Long-term follow-up of patients after coarctation of the aorta repair". The American Journal of Cardiology. 89 (5): 541–7. doi:10.1016/S0002-9149(01)02293-7. PMID 11867038. Brouwer, Rene M.H.J. ; Erasmus, Michiel E.; Ebels, Tjark; Eijgelaar, Anton (1994). "Influence of age on survival, late hypertension, and recoarctation in elective aortic coarctation repair. Including long-term results after elective aortic coarctation repair with a follow-up from 25 to 44 years". The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 108 (3): 525–31. doi:10.1016/S0022-5223(94)70264-0. PMID 8078345. Jenkins, N.P. (1999).
Frontal fibrosing alopecia is the frontotemporal hairline recession and eyebrow loss in postmenopausal women that is associated with perifollicular erythema, especially along the hairline. : 648  It is considered to be a clinical variant of lichen planopilaris. Presentation
There is loss of both terminal and vellus hairs that occurs in a bandlike pattern on the frontotemporal scalp. It is a scarring alopecia that has been associated with facial papules, glabellar red dots, a loss of eyebrows, and prominent venous vasculature in the forehead. Facial hyperpigmentation may occur in dark-skinned patients if association with lichen planus pigmentosus is present. Associations
Frontal fibrosing alopecia has been most often reported in post-menopausal women with higher levels of affluence and a negative smoking history. Autoimmune disease is found in 30% of patients. Pathogenesis
Although the pathogenesis of frontal fibrosing alopecia is poorly understood, autoimmune reaction and hormonal factors may play a role. Diagnostic
Perifollicular erythema and scarring white patches are seen on dermoscopy. On scalp biopsy, lymphocytic and granulomatous perifolliculitis with eccentric atrophy of follicular epithelia and perifollicular fibrosis are visualized. Differential diagnosis
Important diagnoses to consider include female pattern hair loss (FPHL), chronic telogen effluvium (CTE), and alopecia areata (AA). FPHL is a non-scarring progressive miniaturization of the hair follicle with one of three different characteristic patterns. CTE is an idiopathic disease causing increased hair shedding and bi-temporal recession, usually in middle aged women. AA is an autoimmune attack of hair follicles that usually causes hair to fall out in small round patches.