This biplasia can be arranged in two growth patterns: pericanalicular (stromal proliferation around epithelial structures) and intracanalicular (stromal proliferation compressing the epithelial structures into clefts). These tumors characteristically display hypovascular stroma compared to malignant neoplasms. Furthermore, the epithelial proliferation appears in a single terminal ductal unit and describes duct-like spaces surrounded by a fibroblastic stroma. The basement membrane is intact. Molecular pathology
Up to 66% of fibroadenomas harbor mutations in the exon (exon 2) of the mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) gene. In particular, these mutations are restricted to the stromal component. Diagnosis
A fibroadenoma is usually diagnosed through clinical examination, ultrasound or mammography, and often a biopsy sample of the lump. Suspicious findings on imaging may result in a person needing a biopsy in order to gain a definitive diagnosis. There are three types of biopsies: Fine-needle aspiration, core-needle biopsy and surgical biopsy. The method of biopsy depends on the appearance, size and location of the breast mass. Treatment
Fibroadenomas can be expected to shrink naturally and so, most are simply monitored. Monitoring fibroadenomas involves regular check-ups to make sure that the breast mass is not growing and is not potentially cancerous. Check-ups involve physical examinations performed every 3–6 months and optional diagnostic imaging performed every 6–12 months for 1–2 years. Generally, surgery is only recommended if the fibroadenoma gets larger or causes increased symptoms. They are removed with a small margin of normal breast tissue if the preoperative clinical investigations are suggestive of the necessity of this procedure.
One of these medications include eye drops which contain prostaglandin analogs. Prostaglandin analogs aim to lower intraocular pressure which thereby avoids inflammation to ensure an efficient healing process after cataract removal. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI) in the form of pills, disables the production of the sodium pump in the aqueous humor and thereby decreases inflammation to, in turn, lower intraocular pressure. The only major obstacle which could affect the healing process after the surgery necessary to treat phacolytic glaucoma would be an infection to the eye. The ophthalmologists conducting the surgery must aim to reduce the amount of microbes which are present on the ocular surface and avoid intracocular contamination during the procedure. These tasks can be conducted through the use of intracameral and topical antibiotics. Intracameral antibiotics are usually injections which are put into the eye or ocular surface to rid of microbes. Topical antibiotics come in the form of tablets which can be consumed through the mouth to treat bacterial infection. The use of either or both are left to the surgeon and their personal opinion on the possibility of bacterial infection. Astigmatism correction
Astigmatism involves a deficiency in the optical capacity of the eye whereby the angle of light passing through the eye deviates and becomes distorted visuals due to the light rays, avoiding a common focus. Astigmatisms are the result of the cornea forming more in the shape of a curve in comparison to other meridians.