Treatment success rate was highest in the World Health Organization Mediterranean region at 65%. Treatment success rates were lower than 50% in the Ukraine, Mozambique, Indonesia and India. Areas with poor TB surveillance infrastructure had higher rates of loss to follow-up of treatment.57 countries reported outcomes for patients started on extreme-drug resistant Tuberculosis, this included 9258 patients. 39% completed treatment successfully, 26% of patients died and treatment failed for 18%. 84% of the extreme Drug resistant Cohort was made up of only three countries; India, Russian Federation and Ukraine. Shorter treatment regimes for MDR-TB have been found to be beneficial having higher treatment success rates. Epidemiology
Cases of MDR tuberculosis have been reported in every country surveyed. MDR-TB most commonly develops in the course of TB treatment, and is most commonly due to doctors giving inappropriate treatment, or patients missing doses or failing to complete their treatment. Because MDR tuberculosis is an airborne pathogen, persons with active, pulmonary tuberculosis caused by a multidrug-resistant strain can transmit the disease if they are alive and coughing. TB strains are often less fit and less transmissible, and outbreaks occur more readily in people with weakened immune systems (e.g., patients with HIV). Outbreaks among non immunocompromised healthy people do occur, but are less common.As of 2013, 3.7% of new tuberculosis cases have MDR-TB. Levels are much higher in those previously treated for tuberculosis - about 20%. WHO estimates that there were about 0.5 million new MDR-TB cases in the world in 2011.
Treatment
The most common treatment in animals is weekly use of some form of topical pesticide appropriate for the affected animal, often an antiflea product. Fipronil works well, especially in cats. Cats can also be treated with a lime sulfur insecticide dip or a shampoo with non-pyrethrin insecticide for two weeks beyond the conclusion of symptoms.In unresponsive cases, ivermectin is used. Selamectin is also recommended for treatment. None of these products are approved for treatment of cheyletiellosis. Other pets in the same household should also be treated, and the house or kennel must be treated with an environmental flea spray. Species
Cheyletiella blakei Smiley, 1970 — infests cats (Felis catus), USA (Washington DC)
Cheyletiella parasitivorax  — infests rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), France
Cheyletiella romerolagi (Fain, 1972) — infests Romerolagus diazi, USA (New York)
Cheyletiella strandtmanni  Smiley, 1970 — infests hares (Lepus spp. ), Taiwan
Cheyletiella yasguri Smiley, 1965 — infests dogsC. yasguri and C. blakei can transiently affect humans. See also
List of mites associated with cutaneous reactions
Mange


== References ==