The issue arises in instances when Sauk is being taught to a school in the tribe, and an elder, who is fluent in the language, disagrees with the pronunciation being taught. Phonology
Sauk does not have many phonemes in comparison to many other languages: four vowels, two semivowels, and nine consonants. Consonants
The following consonant phonemes are given in Reinschmidt (1995):

The representation of /h/ was omitted in the 1977 syllabary. It was added back in later editions because it is an important distinctive sound in the Sauk language. Reinschmidt symbolizes /j/ as /y/, following Americanist practice. All four stops have at least two allophones each, one fortis and one lenis:

/p/ → [p, hp]
/t/ → [t, ht]
/t͡ʃ/ → [t͡ʃ, ht͡ʃ]
/k/ → [k, hk]

Reinschmidt symbolizes /j/ as /y/, following Americanist practice. Vowels
Vowel length is important in the Sauk language because of its distinctive function. Long vowels are often distinguished by the doubling of characters, such as a / aa representing two different spoken lengths. This is different for the vowel e, as an elongated version of this vowel shares the sound of the vowel in the English word bear. Reinschmidt presents four vowels, each with two allophones:
/ɑ/ → [ɑ, ɑː]
/e/ → [e, eː]
/i/ → [i, iː]
/o/ → [o, oː]

Pitch and tone
Pitch and tone are important when speaking Sauk, as there is a general rule of emphasizing the first or second syllable of phrases, and slowly fades away by the end of a word.
Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a rare skin disorder. The overall prevalence rate of lymphomatoid papulosis is estimated at 1.2 to 1.9 cases per 1,000,000 population. [This is a widespread misinterpretation of a 1992 study saying "the period prevalence rate of lymphomatoid papulosis was estimated to be 1.9 per 1,000,000 population for Massachusetts and 1.2 per 1,000,000 population for Pennsylvania". The authors of that study said clearly "Our estimate of 1.2-1.9 cases per 1,000,000 population should be considered a minimum estimate of the prevalence rate". That estimate was based on the 78 patients involved in the study, not the LvP population. The study recruited 11 patients from Massachusetts and 15 from Pennsylvania ]. This rare condition has only been studied in depth since 1968. Presentation
It can appear very similar to anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Type "A" is CD30 positive, while type "B" is CD30 negative.It has been described as "clinically benign but histologically malignant." Treatment
It may respond to methotrexate or PUVA. Prognosis
It can evolve into lymphoma. See also
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Parapsoriasis
Secondary cutaneous CD30+ large cell lymphoma
List of cutaneous conditions

References


== External links ==