Genome-wide multipoint parametric linkage analysis for sleepwalking revealed a maximum logarithm of the odds score of 3.14 at chromosome 20q12-q13.12 between 55.6 and 61.4 cM.Sleepwalking has been hypothesized to be linked to the neurotransmitter serotonin, which also appears to be metabolized differently in migraine patients and people with Tourette syndrome, both populations being four to nine times more likely to experience an episode of sleepwalking. Hormonal fluctuations have been found to contribute to sleepwalking episodes in women, with the likeliness to sleepwalk being higher before the onset of menstruation. It also appears that hormonal changes during pregnancy decrease the likelihood of engaging in sleepwalking Medications, primarily in four classes—benzodiazepine receptor agonists and other GABA modulators, antidepressants and other serotonergic agents, antipsychotics, and β-blockers— have been associated with sleepwalking. The best evidence of medications causing sleepwalking is for Zolpidem and sodium oxybate; all other reports are based on associations noted in case reports.A number of conditions, such as Parkinsons disease, are thought to trigger sleepwalking in people without a previous history of sleepwalking. Diagnosis
Polysomnography is the only accurate assessment of a sleepwalking episode. Because this is costly and sleepwalking episodes are usually infrequent, other measures commonly used include self-, parent-, or partner-report. Three common diagnostic systems that are generally used for sleepwalking disorders are International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3), and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual defines two subcategories of sleepwalking, although sleepwalking does not need to involve either behaviours:

sleepwalking with sleep-related eating.
A systematic review of the literature found that approximately 50% of drinkers have experienced memory loss during a drinking episode and have had associated negative consequences similar to sleepwalkers, including injury and death.Other differential diagnoses include Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, confusional arousals, and night terrors. Assessment
An assessment of sleepwalking via polysomnography poses the problem that sleepwalking is less likely to occur in the sleep laboratory, and if an episode occurs, it is usually less complex than what the patient experiences at home. Therefore, the diagnosis can often be made by assessment of sleep history, time-course and content of the sleep related behaviors. Sometimes, home videos can provide additional information and should be considered in the diagnostic process.Some features that should always be assessed include:
Age of onset
When the episode occurs during the sleep period
How often these episodes occur (frequency) and how long they last (duration)
Description of the episode, including behavior, emotions, and thoughts during and after the event
How responsive the patient is to external stimuli during the episode
How conscious or aware the patient is, when awakened from an episode
If the episode is remembered afterwards
The triggers or precipitating factors
Sleep–wake pattern and sleep environment
Daytime sleepiness
Other sleep disorders that might be present
Family history for NREM parasomnias and other sleep disorders
Medical, psychiatric, and neurological history
Medication and substance use historyThe assessment should rule out differential diagnoses. Treatment
There have been no clinical trials to show that any psychological or pharmacological intervention is effective in preventing sleepwalking episodes. Despite this, a wide range of treatments have been used with sleepwalkers.