Fecal incontinence (FI), or in some forms encopresis, is a lack of control over defecation, leading to involuntary loss of bowel contents, both liquid stool elements and mucus, or solid feces. When this loss includes flatus (gas), it is referred to as anal incontinence. FI is a sign or a symptom, not a diagnosis. Incontinence can result from different causes and might occur with either constipation or diarrhea. Continence is maintained by several interrelated factors, including the anal sampling mechanism, and incontinence usually results from deficiency of multiple mechanisms. The most common causes are thought to be immediate or delayed damage from childbirth, complications from prior anorectal surgery (especially involving the anal sphincters or hemorrhoidal vascular cushions), altered bowel habits (e.g., caused by irritable bowel syndrome, Crohns disease, ulcerative colitis, food intolerance, or constipation with overflow incontinence), and receptive anal sex. An estimated 2.2% of community dwelling adults are affected. However, reported prevalence figures vary. A prevalence of 8.39% among non-institutionalized U.S adults between 2005 and 2010 has been reported, and among institutionalized elders figures come close to 50%.Fecal incontinence has three main consequences: local reactions of the perianal skin and urinary tract, including maceration (softening and whitening of skin due to continuous moisture), urinary tract infections, or decubitus ulcers (pressure sores); a financial expense for individuals (due to cost of medication and incontinence products, and loss of productivity), employers (days off), and medical insurers and society generally (health care costs, unemployment); and an associated decrease in quality of life.
Afrin may refer to:

Places
Afrin Canton, one of the cantons of the de facto autonomous Democratic Federation of Northern Syria
Afrin District, a district of Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Afrin
Afrin Subdistrict, a subdistrict of the Afrin District
Afrin Region, the westernmost of the three regions of the de facto autonomous Democratic Federation of Northern Syria
Afrin River, a river in Turkey and Syria
Afrin Dam, dam on the Afrin River in northwest Syria
Afrin, Syria, a city in northwestern Syria, administratively part of Aleppo Governorate

Institutions
Afrin SC, a football club based in Afrin, Syria
University of Afrin, an unrecognized university established in the city of Afrin by the Afrin Canton Board of Education

Products
Afrin (nasal spray), a nasal decongestant

People
Given name
Afrin Ali (born 1986), Indian politician

Surname
Jill Afrin (born 1962), psychiatrist
Nahid Afrin (born 2001), Indian playback singer
Narin Afrin, resistance leader