Microphthalmia in newborns is sometimes associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder or infections during pregnancy, particularly herpes simplex virus, rubella and cytomegalovirus (CMV), but the evidence is inconclusive.The following genes, many of which are transcription and regulatory factors, have been implicated in microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma:

SOX2 has been implicated in a substantial number (10–15%) of cases and in many other cases failure to develop the ocular lens often results in microphthalmia.Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), located on chromosome 14q32, is associated with one form of isolated microphthalmia (MCOP1). In mammals, the failure of expression of MITF in the retinal pigment epithelium prevents this structure from fully differentiating, causing a malformation of the choroid fissure of the eye and drainage of vitreous body fluid. Without this fluid, the eye fails to enlarge, resulting in microphthalmia. Waardenburg syndrome type 2 in humans may also be caused by mutations in MITF The human MITF gene is homologous to the mouse microphthalmia gene (gene symbol mi); mouse with mutations in this gene are hypopigmented in their fur. The identification of the genetics of WS type 2 owes a lot to observations of phenotypes of MITF-mutant mice. Diagnosis
Microphthalmia is often diagnosed soon after birth. An initial diagnosis usually occurs after the eyes are inspected through the lids. In addition to visual examinations, measurements of the cornea are used in the diagnosis of this condition. An ultrasound may also be conducted to confirm whether the axial length of the eye is clinically below average (i.e.
Sarecycline is a narrow-spectrum tetracycline-derived antibiotic. It is specifically designed for the treatment of acne, and was approved by the FDA in October 2018 for the treatment of inflammatory lesions of non-nodular moderate to severe acne vulgaris in patients 9 years of age and older. Two randomized and well-controlled clinical trials reported efficacy data on both facial and truncal acne (back and chest). Efficacy was assessed in a total of 2002 subjects 9 years of age and older. Unlike other tetracycline-class antibiotics, sarecycline has a long C7 moiety that extends into and directly interact with the bacterial messenger RNA (mRNA). The spectrum of activity is limited to clinically relevant Gram-positive bacteria, mainly Cutibacterium acnes, with little or no activity against Gram-negative bacterial microflora commonly found in the human gastrointestinal tract. Sarecycline has not been tested in spirochetes. References
External links
"Sarecycline". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.