However, pilocarpine is not always successful in improving xerostomia symptoms. The review also concluded that there was little evidence to support the use of other parasympathomimetics in this group. Another systematic review showed, that there is some low-quality evidence to suggest that amifostine prevents the feeling of dry mouth or reduce the risk of moderate to severe xerostomia in people receiving radiotherapy to the head and neck (with or without chemotherapy) in the short- (end of radiotherapy) to medium-term (three months postradiotherapy). But, it is less clear whether or not this effect is sustained to 12 months postradiotherapy.A 2013 review looking at non-pharmacological interventions reported a lack of evidence to support the effects of electrostimulation devices, or acupuncture, on symptoms of dry mouth. Epidemiology
Xerostomia is a very common symptom. A conservative estimate of prevalence is about 20% in the general population, with increased prevalences in females (up to 30%) and the elderly (up to 50%). Estimates of the prevalence of persistent dry mouth vary between 10 and 50%. History
Xerostomia has been used as a test to detect lies, which relied on emotional inhibition of salivary secretions to indicate possible incrimination. See also
Xerosis (dry skin)

References
External links

University of Illinois at Chicago
NIH
MedlinePlus Encyclopedia
Drymouth Drymouth Drug Database
Antibiotics
Topical antibiotics
Topical antibiotics are often used in cases of inflammatory infantile acne in combination with another topical treatment to prevent emergence of antibiotic resistance especially for periods longer than a few weeks. Clindamycin and erythromycin are the most commonly prescribed topical antibiotics for acne with coverage for S. aureus and P. acnes. These bacteriostatic antibiotics interfere with bacterial protein synthesis, preventing formation of free fatty acids by these bacteria that cause inflammation. Oral antibiotics
In severe cases of infantile acne, especially with the presence of nodules and cysts with risks of scarring, oral antibiotics may be used. First line therapy is erythromycin with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim as a secondary choice in cases of P. acnes resistance. It is suggested not to use tetracyclines due to risks of permanently staining teeth in children under the age of 7. Side effects of erythromycin include gastrointestinal upset. There has however been concerns about resistant P. acnes due to widespread usage of antibiotics, and therefore steps taken to minimize resistance such as use in combination with BPO is highly recommended by experts. Epidemiology
Infantile acne effects around 2% of children with a higher occurrence in males rather than females. Of around 9.2 million visits to outpatient care for pediatric acne, 3% or 276,000 visits, were due to neonatal and pediatric acne in the United States from 2000 to 2010. See also
List of cutaneous conditions
Neonatal acne

References


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