Animal welfare
Animal welfare groups claim that animal husbandry and urine collection methods used in the production of CEEs cause undue stress and suffering to the mares involved. Animal activists have made claims of abuses ranging from inadequate stall size, long periods of confinement, cumbersome urine collection, and continuous breeding cycles. After reaching advanced age, many of the mares are adopted for recreation use, while some are sent to feed lots for slaughter. Despite the controversy, the USDA called the CEEs HRT industry a model of self-regulation. See also
Conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate
Conjugated estrogens/norgestrel
Conjugated estrogens/methyltestosterone
Bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens
Estrogenic substances
Conjugated estriol
List of combined sex-hormonal preparations

Notes
References
Further reading
Bhavnani, Bhagu R. (1988). "The Saga of the Ring B Unsaturated Equine Estrogens*". Endocrine Reviews. 9 (4): 396–416. doi:10.1210/edrv-9-4-396. ISSN 0163-769X. PMID 3065072. Ansbacher R (April 1993). "Bioequivalence of conjugated estrogen products". Clin Pharmacokinet. 24 (4): 271–4. doi:10.2165/00003088-199324040-00001. PMID 8387902. S2CID 7681617. OConnell MB (September 1995). "Pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic variation between different estrogen products". J Clin Pharmacol. 35 (9 Suppl): 18S–24S. doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1995.tb04143.x. PMID 8530713. S2CID 10159196. Egarter C, Geurts P, Boschitsch E, Speiser P, Huber J (April 1996). "The effects of estradiol valerate plus medroxyprogesterone acetate and conjugated estrogens plus medrogestone on climacteric symptoms and metabolic variables in perimenopausal women". Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 75 (4): 386–93. doi:10.3109/00016349609033337. PMID 8638462. S2CID 44498140. Bhavnani BR (January 1998). "Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of conjugated equine estrogens: chemistry and metabolism". Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 217 (1): 6–16. doi:10.3181/00379727-217-44199. PMID 9421201. S2CID 45177839. Gruber DM, Huber JC (December 1999). "Conjugated estrogens--the natural SERMs". Gynecol. Endocrinol. 13 Suppl 6: 9–12. PMID 10862263.
Valaciclovir, also spelled valacyclovir, is an antiviral medication used to treat outbreaks of herpes simplex or herpes zoster (shingles). It is also used to prevent cytomegalovirus following a kidney transplant in high risk cases. It is taken by mouth.Common side effects include headache and vomiting. Severe side effects may include kidney problems. Use in pregnancy appears to be safe. It is a prodrug, which works after being converted to aciclovir in a persons body.Valaciclovir was patented in 1987 and came into medical use in 1995. It is on the World Health Organizations List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2019, it was the 110th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 5 million prescriptions. Medical uses
Valaciclovir is used for the treatment of HSV and VZV infections, including:
Oral and genital herpes simplex (treatment and prevention)
Reduction of HSV transmission from people with recurrent infection to uninfected individuals
Herpes zoster (shingles): the typical dosage for treatment of herpes is 1,000 mg orally three times a day for seven consecutive days. Prevention of cytomegalovirus following organ transplantation
Prevention of herpesviruses in immunocompromised people (such as those undergoing cancer chemotherapy)
Chickenpox in children (ages 2–18)It has shown promise as a treatment for infectious mononucleosis and is preventively administered in suspected cases of herpes B virus exposure.Bells palsy does not seem to benefit from using valaciclovir as its only treatment. Adverse effects
Common adverse drug reactions (≥1% of people) associated with valaciclovir are the same as for aciclovir, its active metabolite.