Mechanism
Cryoglobulins
Cryoglobulins consists of one or more of the following components: monoclonal or polyclonal IgM, IgG, IgA antibodies, monoclonal  κ, or λ free light chain portions of these antibodies, and proteins of the blood complement system, particularly complement component 4 (C4). The particular components involved are a reflection of the disorders which are associated with, and considered to be the cause of, the cryoglobulinemic disease. The cryoglobulin compositions and disorder associations in cryoglobulinemic disease are as follows:

Monoclonal IgM-based cryoglobulin occurs in cases of Waldenströms macroglobulinemia and the pre-malignant precursors to this cancer, IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smoldering Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia. Monoclonal IgG or, rarely, IgA, κ light chain, or λ light chain cryoglobulins occur in cases of multiple myeloma and the pre-malignant precursors to this cancer, non-IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and non-IgM smoldering multiple myeloma. Non-IgM monoclonal immunoglobulin-based cases of cryoglobulinemic disease are less commonly associated with other B-cell lymphocytic diseases viz., Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and Castleman disease; they occur rarely in non-B cell hematological disorders such as myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myelogenous leukemia. Among these purely monoclonal immunoglobulin causes of cryoglobulinemic disease, Waldenström macroglobulinemia and multiple myeloma together account for ≈40% of cases; their pre-malignant precursors account for ≈44% of cases; and the other cited hematological diseases account for ≈16% of cases.
Prognosis
The disease prognosis includes:

Spread of infection to other areas of body can occur through the bloodstream (bacteremia), including septic arthritis. Glomerulonephritis can follow an episode of streptococcal erysipelas or other skin infection, but not rheumatic fever. Recurrence of infection: Erysipelas can recur in 18–30% of cases even after antibiotic treatment. A chronic state of recurrent erysipelas infections can occur with several predisposing factors including alcoholism, diabetes, and athletes foot. Another predisposing factor is chronic cutaneous edema, such as can in turn be caused by venous insufficiency or heart failure. Lymphatic damage
Necrotizing fasciitis, commonly known as "flesh-eating" bacterial infection, is a potentially deadly exacerbation of the infection if it spreads to deeper tissue. Epidemiology
There is currently no validated recent data on the worldwide incidence of erysipelas. From 2004 to 2005, UK hospitals reported 69,576 cases of cellulitis and 516 cases of erysipelas. One book stated that several studies have placed the prevalence rate between one and 250 in every 10,000 people. The development of antibiotics, as well as increased sanitation standards, has contributed to the decreased rate of incidence. Erysipelas caused systemic illness in up to 40% of cases reported by UK hospitals and 29% of people had recurrent episodes within three years. Anyone can be infected, although incidence rates are higher in infants and elderly. Several studies also reported a higher incidence rate in women.