"Spinraza access by country". TreatSMA. 18 October 2018. Retrieved 2019-05-28.
Studies have been completed showing that the Australian freshwater mussel Alathyria condola are highly susceptible to neurotoxin accumulation. This specific shellfish has shown upwards of 80 ug of neurotoxin accumulation for every 100g of the mussel after a 2-3 day of exposure to the cyanobacteria A. circinalis , which is significant enough to cause health risks for humans. Pathophysiology
The toxins responsible for most shellfish poisonings are water insoluble,  heat and acid-stable, and ordinary cooking methods do not eliminate the toxins. The principal toxin responsible for PSP is saxitoxin. Some shellfish can store this toxin for several weeks after a harmful algal bloom passes, but others, such as butter clams, are known to store the toxin for up to two years. Additional toxins are found, such as neosaxitoxin and gonyautoxins I to IV. All of them act primarily on the nervous system. PSP and its associated toxin can cause paralysis in extreme cases by targeting the sodium ion channels. Saxitoxin is able to bind to the receptor site of a cellular membrane near the sodium ion channel, blocking the entrance and not allowing potassium or sodium to pass into the cell. This blockage restricts the transmission of signals between neurons potentially resulting in paralysis.PSP can be fatal in extreme cases, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Children are more susceptible. PSP affects those who come into contact with the affected shellfish by ingestion.