A person may have only one kind of the malformation or can have a mixture of both macro- and microcysts. Cystic hygroma can be associated with a nuchal lymphangioma or a fetal hydrops. Additionally, it can be associated with Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, or Noonan syndrome. If it is diagnosed in the third trimester, then chances of association with Down syndrome are increased, but if diagnosed in the second trimester, then it is associated with Turner syndrome. A lethal version of this condition exists, known as Cowchock–Wapner–Kurtz syndrome, that, in addition to cystic hygroma, includes cleft palate and lymphedema, a condition of localized edema and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system. Signs and symptoms
Cystic hygromas are increasingly diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography. A common sign is a neck growth. It may be found at birth, or discovered later in an infant after an upper respiratory tract infection. Cystic hygromas can grow very large and may affect breathing and swallowing. Some symptoms may include a mass or lump in the mouth, neck, cheek, or tongue. It feels like a large, fluid-filled sac. In addition, cystic hygromas can be found in other body parts, such as the arms, chest, legs, groin, and buttocks. Cystic hygromas are also often seen in Turners syndrome, although a patient who does not have the syndrome can present with this condition. Diagnosis
Lymphatic malformations may be detected in the human fetus by ultrasound if they are of sufficient size.
The chance depends on the extent of the cystic hygroma and whether its wall was completely removed.Treatments for removal of cystic hygroma are surgery or sclerosing agents, which include:

Bleomycin
Doxycycline
Ethanol (pure)
Picibanil (OK-432)
Sodium tetradecyl sulfate

Progression with surgeries
See also
Branchial cleft cyst
Ranula
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Lymphangioma

References


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