Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, sold under the brand name Mylotarg, is an antibody-drug conjugate (a drug-linked monoclonal antibody) that is used to treat acute myeloid leukemia.The most common grade 3 and higher adverse reactions that occurred during Induction 1 and Intensification 2 in ≥ 5% of people who received gemtuzumab ozogamicin were infection, febrile neutropenia, decreased appetite, hyperglycemia, mucositis, hypoxia, hemorrhage, increased transaminase, diarrhea, nausea, and hypotension. Medical uses
In the United States, gemtuzumab ozogamicin is indicated for newly diagnosed CD33-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) for adults and children one month and older and for the treatment of relapsed or refractory CD33-positive AML in adults and children two years and older. Mechanism and side effects
Gemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody to CD33 linked to a cytotoxic agent from the class of calicheamicins (ozogamicin). CD33 is expressed in most leukemic blast cells but also in normal hematopoietic cells, the intensity diminishing with maturation of stem cells.Common side effects of administration included shivering, fever, nausea and vomiting. Serious side effects included severe myelosuppression (suppressed activity of bone marrow, which is involved in formation of various blood cells [found in 98% of patients]), disorder of the respiratory system, tumor lysis syndrome, Type III hypersensitivity, venous occlusion, and death. History
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin was created in a collaboration between Celltech and Wyeth that began in 1991. The same collaboration later produced inotuzumab ozogamicin.
Optic nerve
The optic nerve contains axons of nerve cells that emerge from the retina, leave the eye at the optic disc, and go to the visual cortex where input from the eye is processed into vision. There are 1.2 million optic nerve fibers that derive from the retinal ganglion cells of the inner retina. Treatments
While optic neuropathy cannot be outright cured, there are surgical options to alleviate pain and symptoms associated with such diseases. The Endoscopic Endonasal Approach method (EEA) is a preferred method of relieving pressure associated with tumors formed in the brain that press upon the optic nerve. It is a minimally invasive surgery. However, due to the genetic and developmental nature of most causes of optic neuropathy, no other surgeries have been proven to cure these diseases. See also
Optic neuritis
Ophthalmoplegia
Glaucoma

References
External links

NCBI Genetic Testing Registry