Health disparities
People with intellectual disabilities are usually at a higher risk of living with complex health conditions such as epilepsy and neurological disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, and behavioral and psychiatric problems compared to people without disabilities. Adults also have a higher prevalence of poor social determinants of health, behavioral risk factors, depression, diabetes, and poor or fair health status than adults without intellectual disability. In the United Kingdom people with intellectual disability live on average 16 years less than the general population. Some of the barriers that exist for people with ID accessing quality healthcare include: communication challenges, service eligibility, lack of training for healthcare providers, diagnostic overshadowing, and absence of targeted health promotion services. Key recommendations from the CDC for improving the health status for people with intellectual disabilities include: improve access to health care, improve data collection, strengthen the workforce, include people with ID in public health programs, and prepare for emergencies with people with disabilities in mind. See also
Future planning
History of psychiatric institutions
IQ classification
Intermediate Care Facilities for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities
Secondary handicap
Severe mental impairment

References
Further reading
Adkins, B.; Summerville, J.; Knox, M.; Brown, A. R.; Dillon, S. (2012). "Digital technologies and musical participation for people with intellectual disabilities". New Media & Society. 15 (4): 501–518. doi:10.1177/1461444812457338. hdl:10072/47764. OCLC 829241491. Carey C. Allison  On the Margins of Citizenship: Intellectual Disability and Civil Rights in Twentieth-Century America. Temple University Press 2010
Rights of People with Intellectual Disabilities: Access to Education and Employment, bilingual reports on 14 European countries
Dalton, A. J.; Janicki, Matthew P., editors. (1999).
Australia
In the past, Australia has used British and American terms interchangeably, including "mental retardation" and "mental handicap". Today, "intellectual disability" is the preferred and more commonly used descriptor. Society and culture
People with intellectual disabilities are often not seen as full citizens of society. Person-centered planning and approaches are seen as methods of addressing the continued labeling and exclusion of socially devalued people, such as people with disabilities, encouraging a focus on the person as someone with capacities and gifts as well as support needs. The self-advocacy movement promotes the right of self-determination and self-direction by people with intellectual disabilities, which means allowing them to make decisions about their own lives. Until the middle of the 20th century, people with intellectual disabilities were routinely excluded from public education, or educated away from other typically developing children. Compared to peers who were segregated in special schools, students who are mainstreamed or included in regular classrooms report similar levels of stigma and social self-conception, but more ambitious plans for employment. As adults, they may live independently, with family members, or in different types of institutions organized to support people with disabilities. About 8% currently live in an institution or a group home.In the United States, the average lifetime cost of a person with an intellectual disability amounts to $223,000 per person, in 2003 US dollars, for direct costs such as medical and educational expenses. The indirect costs were estimated at $771,000, due to shorter lifespans and lower than average economic productivity.