Eating small meals frequently instead of big meals may also help with a low appetite. A food diary may help with identifying foods that trigger symptoms. Despite the recognized importance of dietary fiber for intestinal health, some people should follow a low residue diet to control acute symptoms especially if foods high in insoluble fiber cause symptoms, e.g., due to obstruction or irritation of the bowel. Some find relief in eliminating casein (a protein found in cows milk) and gluten (a protein found in wheat, rye and barley) from their diets. They may have specific dietary intolerances (not allergies), for example, lactose. Fatigue can be helped with regular exercise, a healthy diet, and enough sleep, and for those with malabsorption of vitamin B12 due to disease or surgical resection of the terminal ileum, cobalamin injections. Smoking may worsen symptoms and the course of the disease, and stopping is recommended. Alcohol consumption can also worsen symptoms, and moderation or cessation is advised. Medication
Acute treatment uses medications to treat any infection (normally antibiotics) and to reduce inflammation (normally aminosalicylate anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids). When symptoms are in remission, treatment enters maintenance, with a goal of avoiding the recurrence of symptoms. Prolonged use of corticosteroids has significant side-effects; as a result, they are, in general, not used for long-term treatment. Alternatives include aminosalicylates alone, though only a minority are able to maintain the treatment, and many require immunosuppressive drugs.
Drugs and irritants
Chemical irritants, e.g., soaps, tampons, toilet papers
Drugs, e.g., Cyclophosphamide, Ketamine
Capsaicin consumption, e.g., habanero peppers

Genital
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (male)
Endometriosis (female)
Prostatic cancer (male)
Prostatitis (male)
Vaginitis (female)

Urinary tract
One of the most common causes of dysuria is urinary tract infection. Urinary tract infections are more common in females than males due to female anatomy, having a shorter and straight urethra compared to males who have a longer and curved urethra due to male anatomy. In females, bacteria can reach the bladder more easily due to shorter and straight urethra as they have less distance to travel. Because of these reasons, females tend to experience dysuria more frequently compared to males. Also, most urinary tract infections are uncomplicated. Chlamydia
Cystitis
Hemorrhagic cystitis
Kidney stones
Malignancy, i.e., bladder cancer, prostatic cancer, or urethral cancer
Prostatic enlargement, i.e., benign prostatic hyperplasia (male), prostatic cancer
Prostatitis (male)
Pyelonephritis
Sexually transmitted disease
Trichomoniasis
Urethral stricture
Urethritis
Urinary schistosomiasis
Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by bacterial infection

Other
Diverticulitis
Hypotension
Mass in the abdomen
Reactive arthritis
Acute intermittent porphyria
Hereditary coproporphyria
Variegate porphyria

References


== External links ==