Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a neurocognitive disorder which involves cognitive impairments beyond those expected based on an individuals age and education but which are not significant enough to interfere with instrumental activities of daily living. MCI may occur as a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia, especially Alzheimers disease. It includes both memory and non-memory impairments. The cause of the disorder remains unclear, as well as both its prevention and treatment, with some 50 percent of people diagnosed with it going on to develop Alzheimers disease within five years. The diagnosis can also serve as an early indicator for other types of dementia, although MCI may remain stable or even remit.Mild cognitive impairment has been relisted as mild neurocognitive disorder in DSM-5, and in ICD-11, the latter effective on the 1st of January 2022. Classification
MCI can present with a variety of symptoms, but is divided generally into two types.Amnestic MCI (aMCI) is mild cognitive impairment with memory loss as the predominant symptom; aMCI is frequently seen as a prodromal stage of Alzheimers disease. Studies suggest that these individuals tend to progress to probable Alzheimers disease at a rate of approximately 10% to 15% per year. It is possible that being diagnosed with cognitive decline may serve as an indicator of MCI.Nonamnestic MCI (naMCI) is mild cognitive impairment in which impairments in domains other than memory (for example, language, visuospatial, executive) are more prominent.
Nutrition
There is currently limited evidence to form a strong conclusion to recommend the use of any form of carbohydrate in preventing or reducing cognitive decline in older adults with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment. So, more large and higher quality evidence is needed to evaluate memory improvement and find nutritional issues due to carbohydrates. Outlook
MCI does not usually interfere with daily life, but around 50 percent of people diagnosed with it go on to develop Alzheimers disease within five years (mainly for people diagnosed with memory impairments). This diagnosis can also serve as an early indicator for other types of dementia, although MCI may remain stable or even remit. Prevalence
The prevalence of MCI varies by age. The prevalence of MCI among different age groups is as follows: 6.7% for ages 60–64; 8.4% for ages 65–69, 10.1% for ages 70–74, 14.8% for ages 75–79, and 25.2% for ages 80–84. After a two-year follow-up, the cumulative incidence of dementia among individuals who are over 65 years old and were diagnosed with MCI was found to be 14.9%.Globally, approximately 16% of the population over the age of 70 experiences some type of mild cognitive impairment. See also

Menopause-related cognitive impairment – similar symptoms, appears shortly after menopause, and can be treated with hormone replacement therapy


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