Amniotic fluid is essential to normal fetal movement, fetal organ development, and cushioning of the fetus within the mothers uterus. It is also imperative in preventing umbilical cord compression so that the fetus is able to obtain nourishment and oxygenation from its mother. Premature delivery: Premature birth of the fetus occurs at less than 37 weeks of gestation, compared to full-term delivery at about 40 weeks. Miscarriage: Loss of a fetus prior to birth via miscarriage can transpire if any of the above complications occur without prompt intervention and treatment. Cause
Unfortunately, there is no known cause of circumvallate placenta and no major preventative measures that can be taken to minimize the risk of developing a circumvallate placenta. Circumvallate placenta is not a genetic disorder. Some potential causes of circumvallate placenta include reduced amniotic fluid pressure, circumferential hemorrhage, and superficial or deep implantation of the embryo within the uterine wall, although these potential causes are still not well-understood in terms of their relation to circumvallate placenta.High-risk pregnancies are described as pregnancies in which a mother, the fetus, or both are put at a higher risk for developing pregnancy complications before, during, or after birth. Risk factors such as hypertensive medical conditions, maternal age, and substance use are just some of the things that can put a woman at an increased risk for developing circumvallate placenta and/or any other complications. Risk factors
Hypertensive disorders
Women entering a pregnancy with hypertension are considered to be put at a higher risk for preeclampsia or eclampsia during the course of their pregnancy.
This thick ring of membranes is composed of a double fold of amnion and chorion with degenerated decidua vera and fibrin in between. Blood vessels, supplying nutrients and carrying waste products to and from the developing fetus, radiate from the umbilical cord insertion to as far as the ring of membranes, and then disappears from view. Signs & Symptoms
A circumvallate placenta does not always induce associated symptoms during pregnancy, making it extremely difficult to diagnose a circumvallate placenta in asymptomatic mothers. In symptomatic mothers, physicians may be able to detect a circumvallate placenta based on the presentation of the following signs. Vaginal bleeding: A circumvallate placenta can increase the risk of frequent vaginal bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy. In a study conducted with 92 women with a circumvallate placenta, it was concluded that incidences of vaginal bleeding were significantly higher in women with a circumvallate placenta during all three trimesters when compared to the control group. However, a noted limitation of the study considered by the researchers was that because the study included such a small number of women, the obtained results may not be fully representative of the general population. Because the chorionic plate is much smaller than the basal plate in a circumvallate placenta, vaginal bleeding tends to occur at this site where the placenta is exposed and uncovered. In mothers presenting with vaginal bleeding, circumvallate placenta should be suspected as a possible cause of the vaginal bleeding.