Paroxetine, sold under the brand names Paxil and Seroxat among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. It is used to treat major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. It has also been used in the treatment of premature ejaculation and hot flashes due to menopause. It is taken by mouth.Common side effects include drowsiness, dry mouth, loss of appetite, sweating, trouble sleeping, and sexual dysfunction. Serious side effects may include suicidal thoughts in those under the age of 25, serotonin syndrome, and mania. While the rate of side effects appears similar compared to other SSRIs and SNRIs, antidepressant discontinuation syndromes may occur more often. Use in pregnancy is not recommended, while use during breastfeeding is relatively safe. It is believed to work by blocking the re-uptake of the chemical serotonin by neurons in the brain.Paroxetine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1992 and initially sold by GlaxoSmithKline. It is on the World Health Organizations List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2019, it was the 78th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 9 million prescriptions. In 2018, it was in the top 10 of most prescribed antidepressants in the United States.
They are licensed for use in more than 60 countries. In countries where the disease is common, the vaccine appears to be cost effective. History of development
The first vaccines used against cholera were developed in the late 19th century. There were several pioneers in the development of the vaccine. The first cholera vaccine developed by Louis Pasteur was on chicken and other animals. They were the first widely used vaccine that was made in a laboratory. In 1884, Spanish physician Jaume Ferran i Clua developed a live vaccine he had isolated from cholera patients in Marseilles, and used it that on over 30,000 individuals in Valencia during that years epidemic. However, his vaccine and inoculation was rather controversial and was rejected by his peers and several investigation commissions. In 1892, Waldemar Haffkine developed an effective vaccine with less severe side effects, later testing it on more than 40,000 people in the Calcutta area from 1893 to 1896. His vaccine was accepted by the medical community, and is credited as the first effective human cholera vaccine. Finally, in 1896, Wilhelm Kolle introduced a heat-killed vaccine that was significantly easier to prepare than Haffkines, using it on a large scale in Japan in 1902.Oral cholera vaccines were first introduced in the 1990s. The cost to immunize against cholera is between US$0.10 and US$4.00 per vaccination.In 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Vaxchora, a single-dose oral vaccine to prevent cholera for travelers.