Hemolysis or haemolysis (), also known by several other names, is the rupturing (lysis) of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and the release of their contents (cytoplasm) into surrounding fluid (e.g. blood plasma). Hemolysis may occur in vivo or in vitro. One cause of hemolysis is the action of hemolysins, toxins that are produced by certain pathogenic bacteria or fungi. Another cause is intense physical exercise. Hemolysins damage the red blood cells cytoplasmic membrane, causing lysis and eventually cell death. Etymology
From hemo- + -lysis, from Ancient Greek: [n] αἷμα (haîma, "blood") + λύσις (lúsis, "loosening"). Inside the body
Hemolysis inside the body can be caused by a large number of medical conditions, including some parasites (e.g., Plasmodium), some autoimmune disorders (e.g., autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, drug-induced hemolytic anemia, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS)), some genetic disorders (e.g., Sickle-cell disease or G6PD deficiency), or blood with too low a solute concentration (hypotonic to cells).Hemolysis can lead to hemoglobinemia due to hemoglobin released into the blood plasma, which plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of sepsis and can lead to increased risk of infection due to its inhibitory effects on the innate immune system. Parasitic hemolysis
Because the feeding process of the Plasmodium parasites damages red blood cells, malaria is sometimes called "parasitic hemolysis" in medical literature. HELLP, pre-eclampsia, or eclampsia
See HELLP syndrome, Pre-eclampsia, and Eclampsia

Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Hemolytic disease of the newborn is an autoimmune disease resulting from the mothers antibodies crossing the placenta to the fetus.
There is a considerable difference between males and females in the prevalence of these teeth in permanent dentition; hyperdontia is twice as common in males as in females. However, this approximation varies in terms of location, other associating syndromes that may be present, and the ethnicity of the individual. In terms of ethnicity, it can be seen that hyperdontia is in fact less common in European than in Asian populations. There is evidence to show that an individual is more likely to have hyperdontia if other members of their family also have the condition. References


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