ResearchResearch on mice suggests that Zileuton used alone or in combination with imatinib may inhibit chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). It has also been researched in a mouse model of dementia. Contraindications and warnings
The most serious side effect of Zyflo and Zyflo CR is a potential elevation of liver enzymes (in 2% of patients). Therefore, zileuton is contraindicated in patients with active liver disease or persistent hepatic function enzymes elevations greater than three times the upper limit of normal. Hepatic function should be assessed prior to initiating Zyflo CR, monthly for the first 3 months, every 2–3 months for the remainder of the first year, and periodically thereafter. Neuropsychiatric events, including sleep disorders and behavioral changes, may occur with Zyflo and Zyflo CR. Patients should be instructed to notify their healthcare provider if neuropsychiatric events occur while using Zyflo or Zyflo CR. Zileuton is a weak inhibitor of CYP1A2 and thus has three clinically important drug interactions, which include increasing theophylline, and propranolol levels. It has been shown to lower theophylline clearance significantly, doubling the AUC and prolonging half-life by nearly 25%. Because of theophyllines relation to caffeine (both being a methylxanthine, and theophylline being a metabolite of caffeine), caffeines metabolism and clearance may also be reduced, but there are no drug interaction studies between zileuton and caffeine. The R-isomer of warfarin metabolism and clearance is mainly affected by zileuton, while the S-isomer is not (because of metabolism via different enzymes). This can lead to an increase in prothrombin time.
Stored triglycerides in the adipocytes are released and split by pancreatic lipases into fatty acids and glycerol molecules. The resultant fatty acids react with extracellular calcium to make calcium soaps (i.e. fatty acid salts) that give fat necrosis its characteristic chalky-white appearance. Fat necrosis is an example of dystrophic calcification because the calcification occurs at normal serum calcium levels.Besides pancreatitis, fat necrosis is also associated with conditions such as pancreatic carcinoma and pancreatic trauma. Although the peripancreatic region is the most commonly affected site in pancreatic disease (due to direct contact with enzymes), associated fat necrosis can occur around the body in subcutaneous tissue, hand and foot joints, and bone marrow. These extrapancreatic complications are known as pancreatic panniculitis.Beyond saponification and calcification, fat necrosis concludes with fibrosis and the formation of grey-yellow scar tissue. It is also possible for calcification to occur around the edges of a fatty necrotic lesion, enclosing the fat in a cyst. These "oil cysts" may persist for months to years without undergoing fibrosis. This is often the case in breast fat necrosis, where the underlying oil cysts can be visualised using sonography, X-Ray, CT, or MRI. Diagnosis
Although fat necrosis can be diagnosed through a routine checkup with a physician, called a physical, a patient can also perform a physical checkup on themselves. For additional diagnosis, a physician would request one or more of the following scans or tests.