The biceps or biceps brachii (Latin: musculus biceps brachii, "two-headed muscle of the arm") is a large muscle that lies on the front of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow. Both heads of the muscle arise on the scapula and join to form a single muscle belly which is attached to the upper forearm. While the biceps crosses both the shoulder and elbow joints, its main function is at the elbow where it flexes the forearm and supinates the forearm. Both these movements are used when opening a bottle with a corkscrew: first biceps screws in the cork (supination), then it pulls the cork out (flexion). Structure
The biceps is one of three muscles in the anterior compartment of the upper arm, along with the brachialis muscle and the coracobrachialis muscle, with which the biceps shares a nerve supply. The biceps muscle has two heads, the short head and the long head, distinguished according to their origin at the coracoid process and supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, respectively. From its origin on the glenoid, the long head remains tendinous as it passes through the shoulder joint and through the intertubercular groove of the humerus. Extending from its origin on the coracoid, the tendon of the short head runs adjacent to the tendon of the coracobrachialis as the conjoint tendon. Unlike the other muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm, the biceps muscle crosses two joints, the shoulder joint and the elbow joint.
They have shown that approximately 1 in 3 cattle farms and 1 in 4 sheep or goat farms are infected. However, there are wide variations between studies and countries. In China, Iran, Great Britain, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Spain, the US, Belgium, Denmark, Croatia, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Serbia, Slovenia and Jordan, for example, it has been shown that more than 50% of cattle herds were infected with Q fever.Infected animals shed the bacteria by three routes: genital discharge, faeces and milk. Excretion is greatest at the time of parturition or abortion and placentas and aborted fetuses are the main sources of bacteria, particularly in goats. As Coxiella burnetii is small and resistant in the environment, it is easily airborne and can be transmitted from one farm to another, even if it is several kilometres away. Control
Biosecurity measures
Based on the epidemiological data, biosecurity measures can be derived:
The spread of manure from infected farm should be avoided in windy conditions
The level of hygiene must be very high during parturition and fetal annexes and fetuses must be collected and destroyed as soon as possible

Medical measures
A vaccine for cattle and goats exists. It reduces clinical expression such as abortions and decreases excretion of the bacteria by the animals leading to control of Q fever in herds.In addition, vaccination of herds against Q fever has been shown to reduce the risk of human infection. References
External links

Q fever at the CDC
Coxiella burnetii genomes and related information at PATRIC, a Bioinformatics Resource Center funded by NIAID