Left ventricle dysfunction determines to an extent the outlook for severity of aortic regurgitation cases. References
Further reading
Hamirani, Yasmin S.; Dietl, Charles A.; Voyles, Wyatt; Peralta, Mel; Begay, Darlene; Raizada, Veena (2012-08-28). "Acute Aortic Regurgitation". Circulation. 126 (9): 1121–1126. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.113993. ISSN 0009-7322. PMID 22927474. Dujardin, Karl S.; Enriquez-Sarano, Maurice; Schaff, Hartzell V.; Bailey, Kent R.; Seward, James B.; Tajik, A. Jamil (1999-04-13). "Mortality and Morbidity of Aortic Regurgitation in Clinical Practice A Long-Term Follow-Up Study". Circulation. 99 (14): 1851–1857. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.99.14.1851. ISSN 0009-7322. PMID 10199882. == External links ==
Since benzoyl peroxide is an oxidizer, not an antibiotic, it is not subject to C. acnes resistance unlike clindamycin.Both ingredients have been shown to reduce the number of acne lesions with statistical significance. Pharmacokinetics
Clindamycin phosphate is an inactive prodrug. It is quickly activated to clindamycin by hydrolysis. After four weeks of application during a study, 0.043% of the used clindamycin dose were found in the blood. Benzoyl peroxide is only absorbed through the skin after reduction to benzoic acid, which is subsequently metabolized to hippuric acid and eliminated via the kidneys. Society and culture
Brand names
The combination is sold under various brand names including Acanya, Benzaclin, Duac, and Onexton. Patent
Dow Pharmaceuticals filed the patent for Onexton, and the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued the patent on 16 October 2012. On 24 November 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the new drug application (NDA) No. 050819 for Onexton, with Dow Pharmaceutical as the holder. The patent is set to expire on 5 August 2029. Lawsuits
On 12 January 2016, Dow Pharmaceutical Sciences and Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC filed a lawsuit against Taro USA and Taro Industries, an Israel-based corporation. The lawsuit was filed for infringement upon their Onexton patent, by Taro attempting to submit an abbreviated new drug application (ANDA) to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its generic 3.75% benzoyl peroxide and 1.2% clindamycin phosphate topical gel. The court concluded that Taro was guilty of attempting to submit an ANDA patent request before the Onexton patent expired.