Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis (IPH) is a lung disease of unknown cause that is characterized by alveolar capillary bleeding and accumulation of haemosiderin in the lungs. It is rare, with an incidence between 0.24 and 1.23 cases per million people. Pathophysiology
Being idiopathic, IPH by definition has an unknown cause. It is thought to be an immune-mediated disease. The lung bleeding causes accumulation of iron, which in itself causes additional lung damage. Meanwhile, there is insufficient iron for inclusion into the haemoglobin molecules inside red blood cells which carry oxygen to body tissues for cellular respiration.Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis can occur either as a primary lung disorder or as the sequela to other pulmonary, cardiovascular or immune system disorder. PH1 involves PH with circulating anti-GBM antibodies. PH2 involves PH with immune complex disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE. PH3 involves no demonstrable immune system involvement.A distinct subset of patients with pulmonary hemosiderosis has hypersensitivity to cows milk which result in formation of IgG antibodies against basement membrane. This is called Heiner syndrome. Mechanism of haemorrhage is similar to that observed in Goodpasture syndrome. Related or similar conditions
There are many pulmonary problems that may seem to mimic haemosiderosis but do not necessarily include the deposits of iron into the lung. The deposition of iron in the lungs, occurring in the form of haemosiderin, is the defining characteristic of this illness. These other conditions may occur separately or together with haemosiderosis.
Zar may refer to:

Places
Zar, Armenia
Zar, Azerbaijan
Žár, Czech Republic
Zar, Iran, in Markazi Province
Zeraq, or Zar, Hamadan Province, Iran
Żar, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland
Żar (mountain), in Poland
Žar Mountain, a mountain range in Kosovo
South African Republic (Dutch: Zuid-Afrikaanse Republiek)

People
Surname
Chet Zar (born 1967), American artist; son of James Zar
Heather Zar (born ? ), South African pediatrician, respiratory specialist, writer, and professor
Ibn Abi Zar (died between 1310 and 1320), Moroccan historian and poet; presumed author of the medieval history of Morocco, Rawd al-Qirtas
James Zar (1941–2015), American artist; father of Chet Zar
Jerrold Zar (born 1941), American biologist and professor
Lwi Zar (born 1976), Burmese politician
Mordechai Zar (1914–1982), Israeli politician
Moshe Zar (born 1938), Israeli settlement leader and religious Zionist
Paul Zar (born 1967), American bobsledder and Olympic competitor
Pe Thein Zar (1943–2018), Burmese-born Australian student leader, lawyer, revolutionary and freedom fighter, and writer
Rose Zar (1922–2001), a Polish Holocaust survivor, human rights activist, and author
Sarah Zar (born ? ), American visual and performance artist, musician, songwriter, and writer

Given name
Zar Wali Khan (born 1953), Pakistani Islamic scholar
Zar Gul Khan (fl. 2017), Pakistani politician
Zar Lawrence (born 1982), New Zealand rugby player
Zar Randeri (pen name of Bharucha Hasim bin Yusuf; 1887–? ), Indian Gujarati poet and translator
Zar Zar Myint (born 1993), Burmese footballer
Zar Zari Zar Baksh (fl.c.