This PKA will phosphorylate many components of the cardiomyocyte such as calcium channels and components of the myofilaments. Phosphorylation of calcium channels permits an increase in calcium influx into the cell. This increase in calcium influx results in increased contractility. PKA also phosphorylates potassium channels promoting their action. Potassium channels are responsible for repolarization of the cardiomyocytes therefore increasing the rate at which cells can depolarize and generate contraction. PKA also phosphorylates components on myofilaments allowing actin and myosin to interact more easily and thus increasing contractility and the inotropic state of the heart. Milrinone allows stimulation of cardiac function independently of β-adrenergic receptors which appear to be down-regulated in those with heart failure. Clinical use
Milrinone is a commonly used therapy for severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), often in combination with other medications such as sildenafil. Targeting PDE3 with optimal doses and timing, milrinone prevents allergic inflammation in HDM-driven models of allergic airway inflammation.It can be used in cardiopulmonary bypass cases, as it increases the flow in saphenous grafts and has a beneficiary effect in Left Ventricle fanction. Adverse effects
Common adverse effects include ventricular arrhythmias (including ventricular ectopy and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia), supraventricular arrhythmias, hypotension, and headache. References
External links
Mechanism of action
Bannayan–Zonana syndrome is named for George A. Bannayan and Jonathan Zonana

Diagnosis
In terms of diagnosing Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome there is no current method outside the physical characteristics that may be present as signs/symptoms. There are, however, multiple molecular genetics tests (and cytogenetic test) to determine Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome. Differential diagnosis
The differential diagnosis for BRRS consists of the following:

Treatment
In terms of management one should observe what signs or symptoms are present and therefore treat those as there is no other current guideline. The affected individual should be monitored for cancer of:
Thyroid
Breast
Renal

See also
List of cutaneous conditions
List of cutaneous neoplasms associated with systemic syndromes

References
Further reading
Gilbert-Barness, Enid; Kapur, Raj P.; Oligny, Luc Laurier; Siebert, Joseph R. (2007). Potters Pathology of the Fetus and Infant: 2-Volume Set. Edinburgh: Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 9780323076166. Retrieved 9 December 2016. (eds. ), Martino Ruggieri, Ignacio Pascual-Castroviejo, Concezio Di Rocco; Castroviejo, Ignacio Pascual; Rocco, Concezio Di (2008). Neurocutaneous disorders phakomatoses and hamartoneoplastic syndromes (revised. ed.). Wien: Springer. ISBN 9783211695005. Retrieved 9 December 2016. {{cite book}}: |last1= has generic name (help)


== External links ==