Fungal sinusitis is the inflammation of the lining mucosa of the paranasal sinuses due to fungal infection. It occurs in people with reduced immunity. The maxillary sinus is the most commonly involved. Fungi responsible for fungal sinusitis are Aspergillus fumigatus (90%), Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger. Fungal sinusitis occurs most commonly in middle-aged populations. Diabetes mellitus is the most common risk factor involved. Types
The types of fungal sinusitis are based on invasive and non-invasive as follows:
InvasiveAcute fulminant
Chronic invasive
GranulomatousNon InvasiveSaprophytic infection
Sinus fungal ball
Eosinophil related FRS including AFRSFulminant

Difference between non-invasive, invasive and fulminant fungal sinusitis
The type of fungal disease highly depends on the immunity of the patient. When a person has low immunity, they can get non-invasive fungal sinusitis, where the fungus will infect only the skin lining of the nasal and sinus cavity. When the immunity gets lowered, it will turn into invasive fungal sinusitis, and the infection can seep into the tissues making the infection dangerous. A person can have both non-invasive and invasive fungal sinusitis at the same time at different locations.Fulminant is the rarest and the most dangerous infection that can occur when immunity is too low. In this type of disease, the infection will not only seep into the tissues but also into blood vessels. Although it comes under invasive technically, when we say invasive fungal sinusitis we often refer to non-fulminant invasive fungal sinusitis as we can clearly distinguish both irrespective of the fact that symptoms are the same.
Diagnosis
An MRI is used in the process of making a diagnosis for this condition

Treatment
Treatment is determined based on the primary cause of anterior cord syndrome. When the diagnosis of anterior cord syndrome is determined, the prognosis is unfortunate. The mortality rate is approximately 20%, with 50% of individuals living with anterior cord syndrome having very little or no changes in symptoms. Eponym
It is also known as "Becks syndrome". See also
Spinal cord injury

References


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