Endophenotypes, on the other hand, purport to identify potential behavioral markers that correlate with specific genetic etiology. There is some evidence to support deficits in response inhibition as one such marker. Problems inhibiting prepotent responses are linked with deficits in pre-frontal cortex (PFC) functioning, which is a common dysfunction associated with ADHD and other impulse-control disorders.Evidence-based psychopharmacological and behavioral interventions exist for ADHD. Substance abuse
Impulsivity appears to be linked to all stages of  substance abuse.The acquisition phase of substance abuse involves the escalation from single use to regular use. Impulsivity may be related to the acquisition of substance abuse because  of the potential role that instant gratification provided by the substance may offset the larger future benefits of abstaining from the substance, and because people with impaired inhibitory control may not be able to overcome motivating environmental cues, such as peer pressure. "Similarly, individuals that discount the value of delayed reinforcers begin to abuse alcohol, marijuana, and cigarettes early in life, while also abusing a wider array of illicit drugs compared to those who discounted delayed reinforcers less. "Escalation or dysregulation is the next and more severe phase of substance abuse. In this phase individuals "lose control" of their addiction with large levels of drug consumption and binge drug use. Animal studies  suggest that individuals with higher levels of impulsivity may be more prone to the escalation stage of substance abuse.Impulsivity is also related to the abstinence, relapse, and treatment stages of substance abuse.
Convex or convexity may refer to:

Science and technology
Convex lens, in optics

Mathematics
Convex set, containing the whole line segment that joins points
Convex polygon, a polygon which encloses a convex set of points
Convex polytope, a polytope with a convex set of points
Convex metric space, a generalization of the convexity notion in abstract metric spaces
Convex function, when the line segment between any two points on the graph of the function lies above or on the graph
Convex conjugate, of a function
Convexity (algebraic geometry), a restrictive technical condition for algebraic varieties originally introduced to analyze Kontsevich moduli spaces

Economics and finance
Convexity (finance), second derivatives in financial modeling generally
Convexity in economics
Bond convexity, a measure of the sensitivity of the duration of a bond to changes in interest rates
Convex preferences, an individuals ordering of various outcomes

Other uses
Convex Computer, a former company that produced supercomputers

See also
List of convexity topics
Non-convexity (economics), violations of the convexity assumptions of elementary economics
Obtuse angle
All pages with titles beginning with Convex