Similarly acting substances
In medicine, the term "disulfiram effect" refers to an adverse effect of a particular medication in causing an unpleasant hypersensitivity to alcohol, similar to the effect caused by disulfiram administration.Examples:
Antibiotics (nitroimidazoles), e.g. metronidazole
First-generation sulfonylureas, e.g. tolbutamide and chlorpropamide
Several cephalosporin drugs, including cefoperazone, cefamandole and cefotetan, that have a N-methylthio-tetrazole moiety
Griseofulvin, an oral antifungal drug
Procarbazine
Temposil, or citrated calcium carbimide, has the same function as disulfiram, but is weaker and safer. Coprine, which metabolizes to 1-aminocyclopropanol, a chemical having the same metabolic effects as disulfiram. It occurs naturally in the otherwise edible common ink cap mushroom (Coprinopsis atramentaria), hence its colloquial name "tipplers bane". Similar reactions have been recorded with Clitocybe clavipes and Suillellus luridus, although the agent in those species is unknown. History
The synthesis of disulfiram, originally known as tetraethylthiuram disulfide, was first reported in 1881. By around 1900, it was introduced to the industrial process of sulfur vulcanization of rubber and became widely used. In 1937 a rubber factory doctor in the US published a paper noting that workers exposed to disulfiram had negative reactions to alcohol and could be used as a drug for alcoholism; the effects were also noticed in workers at Swedish rubber boot factory.In the early 1940s it had been tested as a treatment for scabies, a parasitic skin infection, as well as intestinal worms.Around that time, during the German occupation of Denmark, Erik Jacobsen and Jens Hald at the Danish drug company Medicinalco picked up on that research and began exploring the use of disulfiram to treat intestinal parasites.
Further it states the need for population based studies including both non-atypical and atypical hyperplasia to accurately estimate the risk of progression to cancer.If untreated with hysterectomy, endometrial hyperplasia progresses to adenocarcinoma within 20 years in:

28% of cases with atypia (95% CI, 8.6% to 42.5%), and
about 5% of cases without atypia.The rates are more favorable in cases with simple rather than complex hyperplasia, but as mentioned above this terminology was phased out of the WHO classification in 2014. In patients with samples showing atypia, carcinoma is already present in over 40% of cases. Given this, the aforementioned 28% atypia progression rate may be an underestimate, and the true number may closer to the 42.5% part of the studys remarkably wide confidence interval. Treatment
Treatment of endometrial hyperplasia is individualized, and may include hormonal therapy, such as cyclic or continuous progestin therapy, or hysterectomy. See also
Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia
Endometrial carcinoma
Hyperplasia

References


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