Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Clinically Infantile esotropia must be distinguished from:

VIth Cranial nerve or abducens palsy
Nystagmus Blockage Syndrome
Esotropia arising secondary to central nervous system abnormalities (in cerebral palsy for example)
Primary Constant esotropia
Duanes Syndrome

Treatment
According to a Cochrane review of 2012, controversies remain regarding type of surgery, non-surgical intervention and age of intervention.The aims of treatment are as follows:

The elimination of any amblyopia
A cosmetically acceptable ocular alignment
Long-term stability of eye position
Binocular cooperation

Initially
It is essential that a child with strabismus is presented to the ophthalmologist as early as possible for diagnosis and treatment in order to allow best possible monocular and binocular vision to develop. Initially, the patient will have a full eye examination to identify any associated pathology, and any glasses required to optimise acuity will be prescribed – although infantile esotropia is not typically associated with refractive error. Studies have found that approximately 15% of infantile esotropia patients have accommodative esotropia. For these patients, antiaccommodative therapy (with spectacles) is indicated before any surgery as antiaccommodative therapy fully corrects their esotropia in many cases and significantly decreases their deviation angle in others.Amblyopia will be treated via occlusion treatment (using patching or atropine drops) of the non-squinting eye with the aim of achieving full alternation of fixation. Management thereafter will be surgical. As alternative to surgery, also botulinum toxin therapy has been used in children with infantile esotropia. Furthermore, as accompaniment to ophthalmologic treatment, craniosacral therapy may be performed in order to relieve tension (see also: Management of strabismus).
References
Further reading
Group A Streptococcal Infections - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Wilkins, Lippincott Williams & (2004-01-01). Rapid Assessment: A Flowchart Guide to Evaluating Signs and Symptoms. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9781582552729. == External links ==