Cisapride may enhance the absorption, and therefore the sedative activity, of diazepam. Small doses of theophylline may inhibit the action of diazepam. Diazepam may block the action of levodopa (used in the treatment of Parkinsons disease). Diazepam may alter digoxin serum concentrations. Other drugs that may have interactions with diazepam include antipsychotics (e.g. chlorpromazine), MAO inhibitors, and ranitidine. Because it acts on the GABA receptor, the herb valerian may produce an adverse effect. Foods that acidify the urine can lead to faster absorption and elimination of diazepam, reducing drug levels and activity. Foods that alkalinize the urine can lead to slower absorption and elimination of diazepam, increasing drug levels and activity. Reports conflict as to whether food in general has any effects on the absorption and activity of orally administered diazepam. Pharmacology
Diazepam is a long-acting "classical" benzodiazepine. Other classical benzodiazepines include chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam, lorazepam, oxazepam, nitrazepam, temazepam, flurazepam, bromazepam, and clorazepate. Diazepam has anticonvulsant properties. Benzodiazepines act via micromolar benzodiazepine binding sites as calcium channel blockers and significantly inhibit depolarization-sensitive calcium uptake in rat nerve cell preparations.Diazepam inhibits acetylcholine release in mouse hippocampal synaptosomes. This has been found by measuring sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake in mouse brain cells in vitro, after pretreatment of the mice with diazepam in vivo. This may play a role in explaining diazepams anticonvulsant properties.Diazepam binds with high affinity to glial cells in animal cell cultures. Diazepam at high doses has been found to decrease histamine turnover in mouse brain via diazepams action at the benzodiazepine-GABA receptor complex.
Polysyndactyly is a hereditary anatomical malformation combining polydactyly and syndactyly. There is also a type called crossed polysyndactyly. Signs and symptoms
The way polysyndactyly presents itself varies; when the webbing is mild, it gives the appearance of the extra digit being partially connected to the (otherwise normal) digit next to it, when the webbing is extreme, the extra digit and the digit next to it will have the appearance of one rather enlarged digit (macrodactyly) and will have two or more finger/toe nails growing in the same digit (polyonychia). How the nails look will also vary, from separate supernumerary finger/toe nails to one very wide finger/toe nail. References
External links
Polysyndactyly and Marfans syndrome The case of an Egyptian Jewish family with 17 affected members. The mother also had Marfans syndrome, which she passed on to a daughter who did not have polysyndactyly.