It does not recognise deviations in other spatial axes, asymmetric deviations, functional faults and other therapy-related features. Angles classification system also lacks a theoretical basis; it is purely descriptive. Its much-discussed weaknesses include that it only considers static occlusion, it does not account for the development and causes (aetiology) of occlusion problems, and it disregards the proportions (or relationships in general) of teeth and face. Thus, many attempts have been made to modify the Angle system or to replace it completely with a more efficient one, but Angles classification continues be popular mainly because of its simplicity and clarity.Well-known modifications to Angles classification date back to Martin Dewey (1915) and Benno Lischer (1912, 1933). Alternative systems have been suggested by, among others, Simon (1930, the first three-dimensional classification system), Jacob A. Salzmann (1950, with a classification system based on skeletal structures) and James L. Ackerman and William R. Proffit (1969). Incisor classification
Besides the molar relationship, the British Standards Institute Classification also classifies malocclusion into incisor relationship and canine relationship. Class I:
The lower incisor edges occlude with or lie immediately below the cingulum plateau of the upper central incisors
Class II:
The lower incisor edges lie posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors
Division 1 – the upper central incisors are proclined or of average inclination and there is an increase in overjet
Division 2 – The upper central incisors are retroclined. The overjet is usually minimal or may be increased. Class III:
The lower incisor edges lie anterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors.
In an experiment on two groups of rock hyraxes fed hardened or softened versions of the same foods, the animals fed softer food had significantly narrower and shorter faces and thinner and shorter mandibles than animals fed hard food.A 2016 review found that breastfeeding lowers the incidence of malocclusions developing later on in developing infants.During the transition to agriculture, the shape of the human mandible went through a series of changes. The mandible underwent a complex shape changes not matched by the teeth, leading to incongruity between the dental and mandibular form. These changes in human skulls may have been "driven by the decreasing bite forces required to chew the processed foods eaten once humans switched to growing different types of cereals, milking and herding animals about 10,000 years ago." Treatment
Orthodontic management of the condition includes dental braces, lingual braces, clear aligners or palatal expanders. Other treatments include the removal of one or more teeth and the repair of injured teeth. In some cases, surgery may be necessary. Treatment
Malocclusion is often treated with orthodontics, such as tooth extraction, clear aligners, or dental braces, followed by growth modification in children or jaw surgery (orthognathic surgery) in adults. Surgical intervention is used only in rare occasions. This may include surgical reshaping to lengthen or shorten the jaw. Wires, plates, or screws may be used to secure the jaw bone, in a manner like the surgical stabilization of jaw fractures. Very few people have "perfect" alignment of their teeth with most problems being minor that do not require treatment.