Blood flukes include species of the genus Schistosoma.Lung flukes: there are eight species of lung flukes that infect humans: Paragonimus westermani, P. heterotremus, P. skryabini, P. miyazakii, P. africanus, P. uterobilateralis, P. kellicotti, and P. mexicanus. Paragonimus westermani needs three different hosts in order to survive, reproduce, and complete its life cycle. The completion of a lung flukes life cycle follows the cycle of first, second, and final hosts. The first intermediate host of the lung fluke is a snail, the second intermediate host is a crab or crayfish, and the final host for lung flukes is an animal or human host.Liver flukes: include Clonorchis, Opisthorchis, and Fasciola. Clonorchis and Opisthorchis are considered the most important human pathogens because they are classified as class 1 carcinogens. Liver flukes are commonly found within bile ducts, liver, and gallbladder in mammalian and avian species. There are high numbers of human infection with all three of these liver flukes.Blood flukes: include five species of Schistosoma: Schistosoma japonicum, S. mekongi, S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. intercalatum. Humans get infected by the cercariae, which are the larval forms of trematodes. Any contact with water can cause potential human infection. Adult blood flukes can live indefinitely in human or animal reservoir hosts. Anatomy
Trematodes are flattened oval or worm-like animals, usually no more than a few centimeters in length, although species as small as 1 millimetre (0.039 in) are known.
Entomophthoramycosis (or Entomophthoromycosis) is a mycosis caused by Entomophthorales.Examples include basidiobolomycosis and conidiobolomycosis. Diagnosis
A culture of the infected tissue of the individual suspected of having Entomophthoramycosis

Treatment
Treatment for phycomycosis is very difficult and includes surgery when possible. Postoperative recurrence is common. Antifungal drugs show only limited effect on the disease, but itraconazole and terbinafine hydrochloride are often used for two to three months following surgery. Humans with Basidiobolus infections have been treated with amphotericin B and potassium iodide. For pythiosis and lagenidiosis, a new drug targeting water moulds called caspofungin is available, but it is very expensive. Immunotherapy has been used successfully in humans and horses with pythiosis. Treatment for skin lesions is traditionally with potassium iodide, but itraconazole has also been used successfully. References


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