Efforts to increase the time between urination, known as bladder training, is recommended in those with urge incontinence. Both these may be used in those with mixed incontinence.Small vaginal cones of increasing weight may be used to help with exercise. They seem to be better than no active treatment in women with stress urinary incontinence, and have similar effects to training of pelvic floor muscles or electrostimulation.Biofeedback uses measuring devices to help the patient become aware of his or her bodys functioning. By using electronic devices or diaries to track when the bladder and urethral muscles contract, the patient can gain control over these muscles. Biofeedback can be used with pelvic muscle exercises and electrical stimulation to relieve stress and urge incontinence.Time voiding while urinating and bladder training are techniques that use biofeedback. In time voiding, the patient fills in a chart of voiding and leaking. From the patterns that appear in the chart, the patient can plan to empty his or her bladder before he or she would otherwise leak. Biofeedback and muscle conditioning, known as bladder training, can alter the bladders schedule for storing and emptying urine. These techniques are effective for urge and overflow incontinenceA 2013 randomized controlled trial found no benefit of adding biofeedback to pelvic floor muscle exercise in stress urinary incontinence, but observing improvements in both groups.
Dyssomnias are a broad classification of sleeping disorders involving difficulty getting to sleep, remaining asleep, or of excessive sleepiness. Dyssomnias are primary disorders of initiating or maintaining sleep or of excessive sleepiness and are characterized by a disturbance in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep. Patients may complain of difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep, intermittent wakefulness during the night, early morning awakening, or combinations of any of these. Transient episodes are usually of little significance. Stress, caffeine, physical discomfort, daytime napping, and early bedtimes are common factors. Types
There are over 31 recognized kinds of dyssomnias. The major three groups, along with the group types, include:: 15 Intrinsic sleep disorders: 15 
idiopathic hypersomnia,
narcolepsy,
periodic limb movement disorder,
restless legs syndrome,
obstructive sleep apnea,
central sleep apnea syndrome,
sleep state misperception,
psychophysiologic insomnia,
recurrent hypersomnia,
post-traumatic hypersomnia,
central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome,
Extrinsic sleep disorders – 13 disorders recognized, including: 16 alcohol-dependent sleep disorder,
food allergy insomnia,
inadequate sleep routine. Circadian rhythm sleep disorders, both intrinsic and extrinsic – 6 disorders recognized, including: 16 advanced sleep phase syndrome,
delayed sleep phase syndrome,
jetlag,
shift work sleep disorder. See also
Parasomnia
Sleep problems in women
Somnolence

References


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