Decreased vitamin K levels are suggestive of hypoprothrombinemia. However, this exam is rarely used as a prothrombin blood test is performed beforehand. Treatment
Treatment is almost always aimed to control hemorrhages, treating underlying causes, and taking preventative steps before performing invasive surgeries. Hypoprothrombinemia can be treated with periodic infusions of purified prothrombin complexes. These are typically used as treatment methods for severe bleeding cases in order to boost clotting ability and increasing levels of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. A known treatment for hypoprothrombinemia is menadoxime. Menatetrenone was also listed as an antihemorrhagic vitamin. 4-Amino-2-methyl-1-naphthol (Vitamin K5) is another treatment for hypoprothrombinemia. Vitamin K forms are administered orally or intravenously. Other concentrates include Proplex T, Konyne 80, and Bebulin VH.Fresh frozen plasma infusion (FFP) is a method used for continuous bleeding episodes, every 3–5 weeks for mention. Used to treat various conditions related to low blood clotting factors. Administered by intravenous injection and typically at a 15-20 ml/kg/dose. Can be used to treat acute bleeding.Sometimes, underlying causes cannot be controlled or determined, so management of symptoms and bleeding conditions should be priority in treatment.Invasive options, such as surgery or clotting factor infusions, are required if previous methods do not suffice. Surgery is to be avoided, as it causes significant bleeding in patients with hypoprothrombinemia. Prognosis
Prognosis for patients varies and is dependent on severity of the condition and how early the treatment is managed. With proper treatment and care, most people go on to live a normal and healthy life.
Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) is a disease affecting the blood vessels of the lungs, where abnormal capillary proliferation and venous fibrous intimal thickening result in progressive increase in vascular resistance. It is a rare cause of pulmonary hypertension, and occurs predominantly in young adults. Together with pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, PCH comprises WHO Group I causes for pulmonary hypertension. Indeed, there is some evidence to suggest that PCH and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease are different forms of a similar disease process. Presentation
These are non specific. Typical symptoms include dyspnea, cough, chest pain and fatigue. Genetics
At least some cases appear to be due to mutations in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 4 (EIF2AK4) gene. Diagnosis
Lung biopsy is essential to make this diagnosis. This can be difficult if the pulmonary pressure is high. Investigations
Chest X ray may show enlargement of the heart and ill-defined patchy lesions in the lung fields. CT chest typically shows wide spread ill-defined centrilobular nodules of ground glass opacity. This is a nonspecific finding and may be seen in a number of pulmonary diseases. CT pulmonary angiography usually shows enlargement of the main pulmonary artery. When measured by echocardiography or pulmonary angiography, the pulmonary arterial pressure is typically elevated. Differential diagnosis
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease

Associations
This condition has been reported in patients with Ehlers Danlos syndrome, CREST syndrome and scimitar syndrome. Treatment
The only definitive treatment for this condition currently is lung transplantation. Median survival without treatment is 3 years.Imatinib may be of use.Epoprostenol does not appear to be of use.