For unilocular GOCs with minimal tissue deterioration, "enucleation, curettage, and marsupialization" is a suitable treatment plan. Notably, the performance of enucleation or curettage as the primary action is linked to an incomplete extraction of the GOC and is only recommended to the less invasive lesions. Multilocular GOCs require a more invasive procedure such as "peripheral ostectomy, marginal resection, or partial jaw resection". GOCs associated with a more severe structural damage are encouraged to undergo marsupialization as either an initial or supplementary surgery. The frequency of reappearance is likely due to the lingering cystic tissue structures that remain after the performance of curettage. The incorporation of a "dredging method i.e. repetition of enucleation and curettage" is also suggested until the remnants of the GOC diminishes for certain. The treatment ensures scar tissue is removed to promote the successful reconstruction of osseous material for jaw preservation. Alongside the main treatments, bone allograft application, cryosurgery, and apicoectomy are available but have not been consistently recommended. Though Carnoys solution, the chloroform-free version, is recommended with the treatment as it degenerates the majority of the damaged dental lamina. The most effective type of treatment remains unknown due to the lack of detailed data from reported cases. Post-treatment protocols
Follow-up appointments are necessary after the removal of the GOC as there is a high chance of remission, which may be exacerbated in cases dealing with "cortical plate perforation". The GOC has a significant remission rate of 21 to 55% that can potentially develop during the period of 0.5 to 7 years post-surgery.
The occurrence of GOC may be from a mutated cell from "the oral mucosa and the dental follicle" origin. Another probable cause is from pre-existing cysts or cancerous constituents. A potential biological origin of GOC is a cyst developed at a salivary gland or simple epithelium, which undergoes maturation at the glandular. Another origin is a primordial cyst that infiltrates the glandular epithelial tissue through a highly organised cellular differentiation. Pathologists discovered a BCL-2 protein, commonly present in neoplasms, to exist in the tissue layers of the GOC. The protein is capable of disrupting normal cell death function at the odontogenic region. The analysis of PTCH, a gene that specialises in neoplasm inhibition, was carried out to determine if any existing mutations played a role in the initiation of the GOC. It is confirmed that the gene had no assistance in triggering cystic advancement. Diagnosis
Radiology
The performance of radiographic imaging i.e. computed tomography, at the affected area is considered essential. Radiographic imaging of the GOC can display a defined unilocular or multilocular appearance that may be "rounded or oval" shaped upon clinical observation. Scans may present a distribution of the GOC at the upper jaw as it presents a 71.8% prevalence in cases. The margin surrounding the GOC is usually occupied with a scalloped definition. A bilateral presentation of the GOC is possible but is not common at either the maxilla or mandible sites. The GOC has an average size of 4.9 cm that can develop over the midline when positioned at the mandible or maxilla region.