An ectopic pancreas is an anatomical abnormality in which pancreatic tissue has grown outside its normal location and without vascular or other anatomical connections to the pancreas. It is a congenital disease and is also known as heterotopic, accessory, or aberrant pancreas. Signs and symptoms
Often, heterotopic pancreas is asymptomatic. When present, symptoms may include abdominal pain and distension. Often heterotopic pancreas is recognized as an incidental finding on imaging studies performed for an unrelated reason. Ectopic pancreatic tissue may occur anywhere in the abdominal cavity, though more than 90 percent are found in the stomach, duodenum or jejunum. Rarely, pancreatic heterotopic tissue may be found in the colon, spleen or liver. Diagnosis
The diagnosis of ectopic pancreas can be challenging. Confirmation of the diagnosis requires tissue sampling, via biopsy or surgical resection. Treatment
If no symptoms are present, then treatment is not necessary. When symptoms are present, treatment consists of surgical resection. Epidemiology
The incidence of heterotopic pancreas is relatively low. References


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Extended-release (or slow-release) formulations of morphine are those whose effect last substantially longer than bare morphine, availing for e.g. one administration per day. Conversion between extended-release and immediate-release (or "regular") morphine is easier than conversion to or from an equianalgesic dose of another opioid with different half-life, with less risk of altered pharmacodynamics. Brand names
Brand names for this formulation of morphine include Avinza, Kadian, MS Contin, MST Continus, Morphagesic, Zomorph, Filnarine, MXL and Dolcontin. MS Contin is a trademark of Purdue Pharma, and is available in the United States, and Australia. In the UK, MS Contin is marketed by NAPP Pharmaceuticals as MST Continus. MS Contin is a DEA Schedule II substance in the United States, a Schedule 8 (controlled) drug in Australia and a Schedule 2 CD (Controlled Drug) in the UK. Avinza is made by King Pharmaceuticals and Kadian is made by Actavis Pharmaceuticals. Unlike the MS Contin brand and its generic versions, Kadian and Avinza are designed to be 12- to 24-hour release, not 8- to 12-hour. So instead of 2-3 times a day dosing, it can be 1-2 times. MST Continus and MXL are registered copyright and trademark of Napp Pharmaceuticals and are available in the UK. MXL is a 24-hour release formula designed to be taken once daily. It is available in doses between 30 mg and 200 mg in 30 mg intervals (equating to between 1.25 mg/hour and 8.33 mg/hour). MST Continus is a 12-hour release formula, therefore it is given 2 times per day.