Formulations include:

nonacog alfa (brand name BeneFix)
albutrepenonacog alfa (brand name Idelvion)
eftrenonacog alfa (brand name Alprolix)
nonacog beta pegol (brand name Refixia)Some rare mutations of factor IX result in elevated clotting activity, and can result in clotting diseases, such as deep vein thrombosis. This gain of function mutation renders the protein hyperfunctional and is associated with familial early-onset thrombophilia.Factor IX deficiency is treated by injection of purified factor IX produced through cloning in various animal or animal cell vectors. Tranexamic acid may be of value in patients undergoing surgery who have inherited factor IX deficiency in order to reduce the perioperative risk of bleeding.A list of all the mutations in Factor IX is compiled and maintained by EAHAD.Coagulation factor IX is on the World Health Organizations List of Essential Medicines. References
Further reading
External links
"Coagulation Factor IX (Recombinant), Fc Fusion Protein". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Eftrenonacog alfa". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Nonacog alfa". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Albutrepenonacog alfa". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Nonacog beta pegol". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P00740 (Coagulation factor IX) at the PDBe-KB. GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Hemophilia B
The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: S01.214
Antibacterial activity
Nitrofurantoin has been shown to have good activity against:

E. coli
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Coagulase negative staphylococci
Enterococcus faecalis
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus agalactiae
Citrobacter species
Klebsiella species
Bacillus subtilis speciesIt is used in the treatment of infections caused by these organisms.Many or all strains of the following genera are resistant to nitrofurantoin:
Enterobacter
Proteus
PseudomonasAntibiotic susceptibility testing should always be performed to further elucidate the resistance profile of the particular strain of bacteria causing infection. Special populations
Pregnancy
Nitrofurantoin is pregnancy category B in the United States and pregnancy category A in Australia. It is one of the few drugs commonly used in pregnancy to treat UTIs. It however should not be used in late pregnancy due to the potential risk of hemolytic anemia in the newborn. Newborns of women given this drug late in pregnancy had a higher risk of developing neonatal jaundice.Evidence of safety in early pregnancy is mixed as of 2017. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists states that while they can be used in the first trimester other options may be preferred. They remain a first line treatment in the second trimester. A 2015 meta analysis found no increased risk from first trimester use in cohort studies that was a slight increase of malformations in case control studies. Available forms
There are two formulations of nitrofurantoin:

Macrocrystals - (Macrodantin, Furadantin) – 25, 50, or 100 mg capsules – taken once every 6 hours
Monohydrate/macrocrystals - (Macrobid) – 100 mg capsules – taken once every 12 hours or 2 times a day (written on prescriptions as BID, which is the last part of the trade name MacroBID).