Both IgG and IgM provide protective immunity to the infecting serotype of the virus. In testing for IgG and IgM antibodies there may be cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses which may result in a false positive after recent infections or vaccinations with yellow fever virus or Japanese encephalitis. The detection of IgG alone is not considered diagnostic unless blood samples are collected 14 days apart and a greater than fourfold increase in levels of specific IgG is detected. In a person with symptoms, the detection of IgM is considered diagnostic. Prevention
Prevention depends on control of and protection from the bites of the mosquito that transmits it. The World Health Organization recommends an Integrated Vector Control program consisting of five elements:
Advocacy, social mobilization and legislation to ensure that public health bodies and communities are strengthened;
Collaboration between the health and other sectors (public and private);
An integrated approach to disease control to maximize the use of resources;
Evidence-based decision making to ensure any interventions are targeted appropriately; and
Capacity-building to ensure an adequate response to the local situation.The primary method of controlling A. aegypti is by eliminating its habitats. This is done by getting rid of open sources of water, or if this is not possible, by adding insecticides or biological control agents to these areas. Generalized spraying with organophosphate or pyrethroid insecticides, while sometimes done, is not thought to be effective. Reducing open collections of water through environmental modification is the preferred method of control, given the concerns of negative health effects from insecticides and greater logistical difficulties with control agents.
Tezepelumab, sold under the brand name Tezspire, is a human monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of asthma. Tezepelumab blocks thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an epithelial cytokine that has been suggested to be critical in the initiation and persistence of airway inflammation.The most common side effects include arthralgia (joint pain) and pharyngitis (sore throat).Tezepelumab was approved for medical use in the United States in December 2021, and in the European Union in September 2022. Medical uses
Tezepelumab is indicated for the add-on maintenance treatment of people aged twelve years and older with severe asthma. History
Two main studies including over 1,500 adults and adolescents with inadequately controlled asthma showed that tezepelumab was effective in reducing the number of severe asthma flare‑ups. Society and culture
Legal status
On 21 July 2022, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Tezspire, intended as add-on treatment in adult and adolescent patients with severe asthma. The applicant for this medicinal product is AstraZeneca AB. Tezepelumab was approved for medical use in the European Union in September 2022. Research
It is being studied for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, chronic spontaneous urticaria and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE).In phase III trials, tezepelumab demonstrated efficacy compared to placebo for patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma.Structural studies by X-ray crystallography showed that tezepelumab competes against a critical part of the TSLPR binding site on TSLP. References
External links
"Tezepelumab". Drug Information Portal.