It is commonly found on the head and face, but can also be found on other parts of the body. It is most commonly seen around the eyes. The rash can be described as raised, red, and ring-shaped. The rash is not always visible at birth and can become more prominent after UV light exposure. Antibodies coming from the mother have a certain life span. Because of this, the rash usually lasts 6–8 months, resolving after the maternal antibodies are no longer in circulation. Telangiectasia has also been seen and can occur with or without the ring-shaped rash. Red, ring-shaped rash of face and head
Telangiectasia

Liver and gallbladder
Severity in which the liver is affected can range from mildly elevated liver enzymes to liver failure. Elevated transaminases
Hyperbilirubinemia
Cholestasis
Hepatitis

Blood
The conditions listed below have been reported with no issues of bleeding or sepsis. Anemia
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Aplastic anemia

Brain
Although the conditions below have been reported, it is still uncertain that these manifestations are related to anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies. Majority of the neurologic conditions were found incidentally with no neurological signs or symptoms present and did not lead to physical disability or need for surgery. Hydrocephalus
Macrocephaly
Vasculopathy
Hypocalcemic seizures
Spastic diplegia

Diagnosis
An infant is diagnosed with neonatal lupus if maternal antibodies, anti-Ro/SSA, anti-La/SSB, or less commonly anti-ribonucleoprotein, are present and if any of the clinical manifestations are present without any other explanation. Screening
Screening includes testing for maternal antibodies and evaluating for heart block in utero. Universal screening is not recommended.
Disruption to action potential propagation can affect the AV and SA nodes which are part of the conduction system of the heart.Fetal susceptibility and environmental factors could also play a role in pathogenesis since not all infants develop congenital heart block even when exposed to antibodies. Clinical manifestations
Neonatal lupus can present with several signs and symptoms. The most common manifestations involve the heart and skin. Problems involving the liver, gallbladder, brain, and blood can be seen but are usually transient. Heart
Cardiac manifestations present more commonly in utero, but can also present after birth. The most common complications are varying degrees of heart block and endocardial fibroelastosis. A large percentage of infants diagnosed with isolated congenital heart block are associated to neonatal lupus. Heart block occurs when there is dysfunction in the conduction system, preventing impulses from traveling from the atria to the ventricles. Heart block can initially present with bradycardia in the prenatal period, usually around the second trimester. Infants with lower grades of heart block can progress to higher grades, but they can also present with rapid onset of complete heart block. Endocardial fibroelastosis is considered a type of cardiomyopathy that occurs in response to heart cell injury and can be seen with or without conduction system dysfunction.Common complications

First degree heart block
Second degree heart block
Third degree heart block (Complete heart block)
Endocardial fibroelastosisOther complications seen with neonatal lupus

Patent ductus arteriosus
Patent foramen ovale
Pulmonic stenosis
Pulmonary valvular dysplasia
Fusion of chordae tendineae of the tricuspid valve
Ostium secundum type atrial septal defects

Skin
A rash can be seen upon delivery.