Hedgehog signaling
In June 2022 the University of California, Irvine announced that researchers have discovered that hedgehog signaling in murine fibroblasts induces new hair growth and hair multiplication while hedgehog activation increases fibroblast heterogeneity and drives new cell states. A new signaling molecule called SCUBE3 potently stimulates hair growth and may offer a therapeutic treatment for androgenetic alopecia. Etymology
The term alopecia () is from the Classical Greek ἀλώπηξ, alōpēx, meaning "fox". The origin of this usage is because this animal sheds its coat twice a year, or because in ancient Greece foxes often lost hair because of mange. See also
Alopecia in animals
Lichen planopilaris
List of conditions caused by problems with junctional proteins
Locks of Love – charity that provides hair prosthetics to alopecia patients
Psychogenic alopecia

References
External links

Hair loss at Curlie
Other symptoms which should be reported immediately include difficulty in breathing, swelling of the face, white patches in the throat, mouth, or nose, irregular menstrual periods, severe acne, and on rare occasions, behavioral changes (mostly affecting children)

Contraindications
Budesonide is contraindicated as a primary treatment of status asthmaticus or other acute episode of asthma where intensive measures are required. It is also contraindicated for patients who have hypersensitivity to budesonide. Interactions
Those taking tablets or capsules orally should avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice and echinacea. : 160 
Grapefruit juice may double bioavailability of oral budesonide. Echinacea diminishes bioavailability.Also, high-fat meals delay absorption but do not impede absorption. Pharmacology
Budesonide is an agonist of glucocorticoid receptors. Among its effects are:

Controls the rate of protein synthesis. Depresses the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and fibroblasts. Reverses capillary permeability and lysosomal stabilization at the cellular level to prevent or control inflammation. Has a potent glucocorticoid activity and weak mineralocorticoid activity. Pharmacokinetics
Onset of action: Nebulization: 2–8 days; Inhalation: 24 hours; Nasal: 10 hours
Peak effect: Nebulization: 4–6 weeks; Inhalation: 1–2 weeks
Distribution: 2.2-3.9 L/kg
Protein binding: 85% to 90%
Metabolism: Hepatic via CYP3A4 to two metabolites: 16 alpha-hydroxyprednisolone and 6 beta-hydroxybudesonide; minor activity
Budesonide is extensively metabolized in first pass, resulting in a low bioavailability and systemic effects
Bioavailability: Capsule: 9% to 21%; Nebulization: 6%; Inhalation: 6% to 13%
Half-life elimination: 2–3.6 hours
Time to peak: Capsule: 0.5–10 hours (variable in Crohns disease); Nebulization: 10–30 minutes; Inhalation: 1–2 hours; Tablet: 7.4-19.2 hours
Excretion: urine (60%) and feces as metabolites. Chemistry
Budesonide, also known as 11β,21-dihydroxy-16α,17α-(butylidenebis(oxy))pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, is a synthetic pregnane steroid and non-halogenated cyclic ketal corticosteroid.