Bowel obstruction: mechanical or functional obstruction of the bowel, most commonly due to adhesions, hernias or neoplasms. Enteric neuropathy: alternative name sometimes used for diagnosis in UK

References
External links

00530 at CHORUS
The Schilling test distinguished PA from other forms of B12 deficiency, specifically, from Imerslund–Gräsbeck syndrome, a B12-deficiency caused by mutations in CUBN that codes for cubilin the cobalamin receptor. Treatment
Pernicious anemia may not be diagnosed at first. More in-depth diagnosis may be required. Pernicious anemia caused by a loss of intrinsic factor cannot be prevented. If there are other, reversible causes of low vitamin B12 levels, the cause must be treated. Pernicious anemia is usually easily treated by providing the necessary level of vitamin B12 supplementation. Severe cases can be treated with intramuscular injections of vitamin B12. Less severe cases may be treated with high doses of oral supplemenation of vitamin B12. A nasal spray, gel, and sublingual preparation are also available for people who may have difficulty in swallowing. Folate supplementation may affect the course and treatment of pernicious anemia, therefore vitamin B12 replacement is often recommended initially. In some severe cases of anemia, a blood transfusion may be needed to resolves haematological effects. Often treatment will be needed for life. Prognosis
A person with well-treated PA can live a healthy life. Failure to diagnose and treat in time, however, may result in permanent neurological damage, excessive fatigue, depression, memory loss, and other complications. In severe cases, the neurological complications of pernicious anemia can lead to death – hence the name, "pernicious", meaning deadly.There is an increased risk of gastric cancer in those with pernicious anemia linked to the common feature of atrophic gastritis.