Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions due to immune hemolysis may occur in patients who have no antibodies detectable by routine laboratory procedures. "For a summary of transfusion reactions in the US, see reference. Epidemiology
In 2003, the incidence of Rh(D) sensitization in the United States was 6.8 per 1000 live births; 0.27% of women with an Rh incompatible fetus experience alloimmunization. Other animals
Hemolytic disease of the newborn is most commonly seen in kittens (where it is known as "fading kitten syndrome") and foals. It has also been reported in puppies. See also
Exchange transfusion
Rh disease
Alloimmunization
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Kell)
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Rhc)
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-RhE)
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO)
Neonatal red cell transfusion

References
Further reading


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grade 3 or 4 carcinoma): MUC1 (also termed EMA), TP63 (also termed p63; which is detected with the p40 antibody), and various members of the keratin family of proteins. Melanoma: MLANA (i.e. melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 protein), S100, and PMEL (a product of the PMEL gene which is detected using an antibody termed HMB-45.) proteinsTwo other tumors that may be confused with UPS have microscopic histopathological and/or other features that help make this distinction. These tumors and features are:
Pleomorphic liposarcoma: At least some tumor cells have features of pleomorphic lipoblasts, i.e. variable shaped immature fat cells. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor: Typically occurs in young children, often develops in a preexisting inoperable plexiform neurofibroma, and often associated with neural tissue. These tumors typically show undifferentiated, pleomorphic cells that are arranged in whorls, parallel bundles, or rosettes (i.e. circular arrangement resembling leaves in a flowering plant) and often contain large areas of necrosis (i.e. dead or dying cells). Treatment and prognosis
The most often used treatment for localized (i.e. no metastases) UPS tumors is complete surgical removal with the object of leaving no tumor cells behind as evidenced by microscopic examinations. Adjuvant therapy combining radiotherapy or/and chemotherapy with surgical resection is employed to reduce the risk of developing recurrent and metastatic disease in cases with high-risk disease (e.g. large tumors, tumors deemed highly aggressive based on their pathology and/or local invasiveness, inoperable tumors, and resections that did not remove all tumor cells).