Subepithelial mucinous corneal dystrophy (SMCD) is a rare form of corneal dystrophy. It was first described in 1993 by Feder et al. Anterior to Bowman layer, deposits of glycosaminoglycan were detected and identified as chondroitin-4-sulfate and dermatan sulfate. References


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The National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence in the UK indicated that glycohemoglobin levels <6.1% are correlated with the lowest risk of malformations while the reproductive risks are higher in women above this threshold and prohibitive for glycohemoglobin levels >10%.Consumption of folic acid and antioxidant substances before fertilization result in a reduced rate of malformations in the offspring of mothers with diabetes. Antioxidants such as lipoic acid, vitamin C, and vitamin E, increase the probability of favorable prenatal outcomes in offspring of diabetic mothers because oxidative stress is a teratogenic mediator of hyperglycemia in mothers with diabetes. After fertilization
Optimal weight and glycemic management encourage good outcomes because diabetes has the potential to influence the mother and fetus during the entire pregnancy. The integrity of embryofetal development and placental function can be monitored by fetal echocardiography and ultrasound scanning. See also
Diabetic diet


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