38 (38): 6047–6056. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.06.021. PMID 32600916. External links

Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Information Statement, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Live, Intranasal Influenza Vaccine Information Statement, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Seasonal Influenza (Flu) Vaccination and Preventable Disease, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Misconceptions about Seasonal Flu and Flu Vaccines, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
"Influenza Vaccine". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Influenza Vaccines at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
It has been arbitrarily assumed that a number of over 4-5 leukocytes in the field of vision of the microscope indicates leukocyturia.At the moment, there are also quick test strips available, allowing after wetting a special diagnostic bar, the detection of granulocytes in the urine, as evidenced by the color change of the test strip. The principle of their operation is based on the detection of granulocytes esterases, including leukocytes. This method, however, is burdened with a large number of false positive results (use of antibiotics, such as imipenem, meropenem, clavulanic acid, which is sometimes combined with penicillin derivatives) or false negative (gentamicin, cefalexin, glycosuria, proteinuria).Leukocyturia is a laboratory symptom of many diseases like glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis. It may occur in the case of diseases of the urinary tract, reproductive system and diseases of the abdominal organs. Leukocyturia is mostly a sign of urinary tract infection, especially if significant bacteriuria is found (for most people, the number of bacteria in a culture is > 10^5) and other symptoms associated with passing urine. The presence of leukocyturia does not indicate the need for antimicrobial therapy yet. Additional images
See also
Urinalysis
Bacteriuria

References


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