A rotator cuff tear is an injury where one or more of the tendons or muscles of the rotator cuff of the shoulder get torn. Symptoms may include shoulder pain, which is often worse with movement, limited range of motion, or weakness. This may limit peoples ability to brush their hair or put on clothing. Clicking may also occur with movement of the arm.Tears may occur as the result of a sudden force or gradually over time. Risk factors include certain repetitive activities, smoking, and a family history of the condition. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, examination, and medical imaging. The rotator cuff is made up of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. The supraspinatus is the most commonly affected.Treatment may include pain medication such as NSAIDs and specific exercises. It is recommended that people who are unable to raise their arm above 90 degrees after 2 weeks should be further assessed. In severe cases surgery may be tried, however benefits of surgery are unclear as of 2019. Rotator cuff tears are common. Those over the age of 40 are most often affected. The condition has been described since at least the early 1800s. Signs and symptoms
Many rotator cuff tears have no symptoms. Both partial and full thickness tears have been found on post mortem and MRI studies in those without any history of shoulder pain or symptoms. However, the most common presentation is shoulder pain or discomfort.
This method consists of applying a piece of amniotic membrane to the ocular surface. Amniotic membrane patches are prepared from placental tissues from women who had a planned cesarean sections. AMT appears to be a useful therapy which results with stabilization of the ulcer progression and corneal epithelial defect healing. It is most likely, that amniotic membrane used as an ocular graft stop the inflammation process because of the expression of immunoregulatory molecules, including Fas ligand and HLA–G antigens. In addition, the amniotic membrane contains a large number of collagens, growth factors and protease inhibitors which can promote healing and reconstruction of the conjunctival epithelium.Other surgical interventions such as lamellar keratectomy, keratoepithelioplasty and corneal transplantation have also been reported as effective treatment options for Mooren’s ulcer. == References ==