Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal cells that build up in the bone marrow and blood and interfere with normal blood cell production. Symptoms may include feeling tired, shortness of breath, easy bruising and bleeding, and increased risk of infection. Occasionally, spread may occur to the brain, skin, or gums. As an acute leukemia, AML progresses rapidly, and is typically fatal within weeks or months if left untreated.Risk factors include smoking, previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy, myelodysplastic syndrome, and exposure to the chemical benzene. The underlying mechanism involves replacement of normal bone marrow with leukemia cells, which results in a drop in red blood cells, platelets, and normal white blood cells. Diagnosis is generally based on bone marrow aspiration and specific blood tests. AML has several subtypes for which treatments and outcomes may vary.The first-line treatment of AML is usually chemotherapy, with the aim of inducing remission. People may then go on to receive additional chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a stem cell transplant. The specific genetic mutations present within the cancer cells may guide therapy, as well as determine how long that person is likely to survive.In 2015, AML affected about one million people, and resulted in 147,000 deaths globally. It most commonly occurs in older adults. Males are affected more often than females. The five-year survival rate is about 35% in people under 60 years old and 10% in people over 60 years old.
Diaphragmatic hernia is a defect or hole in the diaphragm that allows the abdominal contents to move into the chest cavity. Treatment is usually surgical. Types
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Morgagnis hernia
Bochdalek hernia
Hiatal hernia
Iatrogenic diaphragmatic hernia
Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia

Signs and symptoms
A scaphoid abdomen (sucked inwards) may be the presenting symptom in a newborn. Diagnosis
Diagnosis can be made by either CT or X-ray. Treatment
Treatment for a diaphragmatic hernia usually involves surgery, with acute injuries often repaired with monofilament permanent sutures. Other animals
Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia is a type of hernia more common in other mammals. This is usually treated with surgery. References
Bibliography
Eren S, Ciris F (2005). "Diaphragmatic hernia: diagnostic approaches with review of the literature". Eur J Radiol. 54 (3): 448–59. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2004.09.008. PMID 15899350. == External links ==