At low concentrations of chlorhexidine, this results in a bacteriostatic effect; at high concentrations, membrane disruption results in cell death. Chemistry
It is a cationic polybiguanide (bisbiguanide). It is used primarily as its salts (e.g., the dihydrochloride, diacetate, and digluconate). Deactivation
Chlorhexidine is deactivated by forming insoluble salts with anionic compounds, including the anionic surfactants commonly used as detergents in toothpastes and mouthwashes, anionic thickeners such as carbomer, and anionic emulsifiers such as acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer, among many others. For this reason, chlorhexidine mouth rinses should be used at least 30 minutes after other dental products. For best effectiveness, food, drink, smoking, and mouth rinses should be avoided for at least one hour after use. Many topical skin products, cleansers, and hand sanitizers should also be avoided to prevent deactivation when chlorhexidine (as a topical by itself or as a residue from a cleanser) is meant to remain on the skin. Synthesis
The structure is based on two molecules of proguanil, linked with a hexamethylenediamine spacer. Brands
Chlorhexidine topical is sold as Betasept, Biopatch, Calgon Vesta, ChloraPrep One-Step, Dyna-Hex, Hibiclens, Hibistat Towelette, Scrub Care Exidine, Spectrum-4 among others.Chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash is sold as Dentohexinm, Paroex, Peridex, PerioChip, Corsodyl and Periogard, among others.Hexoralettene N contains benzocaine, menthol and chlorhexidine hydrochloride. It is used as oral antiseptic candies. Veterinary medicine
In animals, chlorhexidine is used for topical disinfection of wounds, and to manage skin infections. Chlorhexidine-based disinfectant products are used in the dairy farming industry.Post-surgical respiratory problems have been associated with the use of chlorhexidine products in cats. See also
Polyaminopropyl biguanide
Polyhexanide
Triclosan

References
External links
"Chlorhexidine".
Bosutinib (rINN/USAN; codenamed SKI-606, marketed under the trade name Bosulif) is a small molecule BCR-ABL and src tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Originally synthesized by Wyeth, it is being developed by Pfizer. Mechanism
It is an ATP-competitive Bcr-Abl tyrosine-kinase inhibitor with an additional inhibitory effect on Src family kinases (including Src, Lyn and Hck). It has also shown activity against the receptors for platelet derived growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. Bosutinib inhibited 16 of 18 imatinib-resistant forms of Bcr-Abl expressed in murine myeloid cell lines, but did not inhibit T315I and V299L mutant cells.Bosutinib is metabolized through CYP3A4. Medical uses
Bosutinib received US FDA and EU European Medicines Agency approval in September 2012, and March 2013, respectively for the treatment of adults with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with resistance, or intolerance to prior therapy. Contraindications
Bosutinib has two known absolute contraindications, which are: known hypersensitivity to bosutinib and liver impairment. Interactions
Bosutinib is both a substrate and an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and CYP3A4. Hence P-gp and CYP3A4 inhibitors may increase plasma levels of bosutinib. Likewise CYP3A4 inducers may reduce plasma concentrations of bosutinib. It may also alter the metabolism and uptake (into the GIT by means of its P-gp inhibitory effects) of other drugs that are substrates for P-gp and CYP3A4. Notes
See also
Discovery and development of Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors

References
External links
"Bosutinib". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.