Modern cases of shell shock
Although the term "shell shocked" is typically used in discussion of WWI to describe early forms of PTSD, its high-impact explosives-related nature provides modern applications as well. During their deployment in Iraq and Afghanistan, approximately 380,000 U.S. troops, about 19% of those deployed, were estimated to have sustained brain injuries from explosive weapons and devices. This prompted the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to open up a $10 million study of the blast effects on the human brain. The study revealed that, while the brain remains initially intact immediately after low level blast effects, the chronic inflammation afterwards is what ultimately leads to many cases of shell shock and PTSD. See also
Combat stress reaction

References
Sources
Coulthart, Ross. The Lost Diggers, Sydney: HarperCollins Publishers, 2012. ISBN 978-0732294618
Jones, E, Fear, N and Wessely, S. "Shell Shock and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury:  A Historical Review". Am J Psychiatry 2007; 164:1641–1645
Hochschild, Adam. To End all Wars – a story of loyalty and rebellion, 1914–1918 Mariner Books, Houghton, Mifflin Harcourt, Boston & New York, 2011. ISBN 978-0547750316
Horrocks, J. (2018). The limits of endurance: Shell shock and dissent in World War one. The Journal of New Zealand Studies, (NS27). https://doi.org/10.26686/jnzs.v0ins27.5175
Leese, Peter. Shell Shock. Traumatic Neurosis and the British Soldiers of the First World War, Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. ISBN 978-1137453372. MacLeod, A. D. (2004). "Shell shock, Gordon Holmes and the Great War". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 97 (2): 86–89. doi:10.1177/014107680409700215. PMC 1079301. PMID 14749410. Myers, C.S. "A contribution to the study of shell shock".
Lancet, 1, 1915, pp. 316–320
Shephard, Ben. A War of Nerves: Soldiers and Psychiatrists, 1914–1994. London, Jonathan Cape, 2000. Wessely, S. "The Life and Death of Private Harry Farr" Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, Vol 99, September 2006

External links

Shell Shock during World War I, by Professor Joanna Bourke - BBC
An Address on the Repression of War Experience, by W.H. Rivers, 4 December 1917
Our Present Needs a Past: A Historical Look at Shell Shock Tedx Talk by Annessa Stagner on YouTube