Amikacin is also injected into the joints with the anti-arthritic medication Adequan in order to prevent infection.Side effects in animals include nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and allergic reactions at IM injection sites. Cats tend to be more sensitive to the vestibular damage caused by ototoxicity. Less frequent side effects include neuromuscular blockade, facial edema, and peripheral neuropathy.The half-life in most animals is one to two hours.Treating overdoses of amikacin requires kidney dialysis or peritoneal dialysis, which reduce serum concentrations of amikacin, and/or penicillins, some of which can form complexes with amikacin that deactivate it. Liposome inhalation suspension
Amikacin liposome inhalation suspension was the first drug approved under the US limited population pathway for antibacterial and antifungal drugs (LPAD pathway). It also was approved under the accelerated approval pathway. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted the application for amikacin liposome inhalation suspension fast track, breakthrough therapy, priority review, and qualified infectious disease product (QIDP) designations. The FDA granted approval of Arikayce to Insmed, Inc.The safety and efficacy of amikacin liposome inhalation suspension, an inhaled treatment taken through a nebulizer, was demonstrated in a randomized, controlled clinical trial where patients were assigned to one of two treatment groups. One group of patients received amikacin liposome inhalation suspension plus a background multi-drug antibacterial regimen, while the other treatment group received a background multi-drug antibacterial regimen alone.
Ty21a is a live attenuated bacterial vaccine that protects against typhoid. First licensed in Europe in 1983 and in the United States in 1989, it is an orally administered, live-attenuated Ty2 strain of S. Typhi in which multiple genes,
including the genes responsible for the production of Vi, have been deleted so as to render it harmless but nevertheless immunogenic. It is one of the three typhoid vaccines currently recommended by the World Health Organization (the other two being the Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine (TCV) and Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine).The vaccine is given by mouth. The vaccine is presented either as enteric coated capsules or as a liquid suspension. The vaccine must be stored at 2 to 8 °C, but will retain its potency for 14 days at 25 °C. Medical uses
The vaccine offers a statistically significant protection for the first seven years. The vaccine is most commonly used to protect travelers to endemic countries, but some agencies claim that the vaccine could be used in large scale public prevention programs.The Vi polysaccharide vaccine is also effective at preventing typhoid fever. Dosing
The recommended dose varies according to country and preparation. At least three doses are required for protection.In the US and Canada, an initial course of 4 doses on alternate days is recommended. Full protection is achieved 7 days after the last dose. In the US, a booster dose is recommended after 5 years.