In some cases, stretching of the abdominal wall to accommodate intestinal contents may be required. Non-operative therapy uses escharotic ointments. This is used for infants with large omphaloceles that have been born prematurely with respiratory insufficiency and associated chromosomal defects, as they would not be able to tolerate surgery. The ointment causes the sac to granulate and epithelialize, which leaves a residual large ventral hernia, which can be repaired later with surgery when the baby is more stable. After surgery, for larger omphaloceles, mechanical ventilation and parenteral nutrition is needed to manage the baby. Society and culture
Awareness Day
International Omphalocele Awareness Day is celebrated annually in the US on January 31, as part of Birth Defect Awareness Month. Several U.S. states have passed resolutions to officially recognize the date. References

Omphalocele Diagnosis and Treatment at SSM Health St. Louis Fetal Care Institute
The Brown Fetal Treatment Program - Providence, Rhode Island at Brown University
Fetal Treatment Center: Omphalocele at UCSF
Gastroschisis Exomphalos Extrophies Parent Support (GEEPS)


== External links ==
Atrophic rhinitis is also associated with similar atrophic changes in the pharynx or larynx, producing symptoms pertaining to these structures. Hearing impairment can occur due to Eustachian tube blockage causing middle ear effusion. Etiology
Causes can be remembered by the mnemonic HERNIA:

Hereditary factors: the disease runs in  families
Endocrine imbalance: the disease tends to start at puberty and mostly involves females
Racial factors: white people are more susceptible than natives of equatorial Africa
Nutritional deficiency: vitamins A or D, or iron
Infection: Klebsiella ozaenae, diphtheroids, Proteus vulgaris, E. coli, etc. Autoimmune factors: viral infection or some other unidentified insult may trigger antigenicity of the nasal mucosa. Secondary atrophic rhinitis
Specific infections, such as syphilis, leprosy and rhinoscleroma, may cause destruction of the nasal structures leading to atrophic changes. Atrophic rhinitis can also result from long-standing purulent sinusitis or radiotherapy of the nose, or as a complication of surgery of the turbinates. The United Kingdom National Health Service has stated that "Most cases of atrophic rhinitis in the UK occur when the turbinates are damaged or removed during surgery". Some authors refer to as Atrophic rhinitis secondary to sinus surgery as the empty nose syndrome. Unilateral atrophic rhinitis
Extreme deviation of nasal septum may be accompanied by atrophic rhinitis on the wider side. Pathology
The ciliated columnar epithelium of the nasal mucosa is replaced by stratified squamous epithelium. Atrophy of mucosa, turbinal bones and seromucinous glands tends to occur, due to obliterative endarteritis and periarteritis causing decreased blood supply, hence the supplying area atrophies. Arrested development of paranasal sinuses.