Dexamethasone and furosemide are medications that may be used to decrease swelling around the tumor. Some tumors grow gradually, requiring only monitoring and possibly needing no further intervention. Treatments that use a persons immune system are being studied. Outcomes for malignant tumors vary considerably depending on the type of tumor and how far it has spread at diagnosis. Although benign tumors only grow in one area, they may still be life-threatening depending on their size and location. Malignant glioblastomas usually have very poor outcomes, while benign meningiomas usually have good outcomes. The average five-year survival rate for all (malignant) brain cancers in the United States is 33%.Secondary, or metastatic, brain tumors are about four times as common as primary brain tumors, with about half of metastases coming from lung cancer. Primary brain tumors occur in around 250,000 people a year globally, and make up less than 2% of cancers. In children younger than 15, brain tumors are second only to acute lymphoblastic leukemia as the most common form of cancer. In NSW Australia in 2005, the average lifetime economic cost of a case of brain cancer was AU$1.9 million, the greatest of any type of cancer. Signs and symptoms
The signs and symptoms of brain tumors are broad. People may experience symptoms regardless of whether the tumor is benign (not cancerous) or cancerous. Primary and secondary brain tumors present with similar symptoms, depending on the location, size, and rate of growth of the tumor.
In some types of ED, abnormal development of parts of the eye can result in dryness of the eye, cataracts, and vision defects. Professional eye care can help minimize the effects of ED on vision. Similarly, abnormalities in the development of the ear may cause hearing problems. Respiratory infections can be more common because the normal protective secretions of the mouth and nose are not present. Precautions must be taken to limit infections. Genetics
ED can be classified by inheritance (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and X-linked) or by which structures are involved (hair, teeth, nails and/or sweat glands). There are several different types with distinct genetic causes:

Hay–Wells syndrome (Rapp–Hodgkin syndrome) and EEC syndrome are all associated with TP63. Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia can be associated with EDA, EDAR and EDARADD. Margarita Island ectodermal dysplasia is associated with PVRL1. Ectodermal dysplasia with skin fragility is associated with PKP1. Cloustons hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is associated with GJB6. Naegeli syndrome/Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticulariss is associated with KRT14. Pachyonychia congenita is caused by multiple keratins. Focal dermal hypoplasia is associated with PORCN. Ellis–van Creveld syndrome is associated with EVC. Palmoplantar ectodermal dysplasia refers to several different conditions selectively affecting the hands and feet.