Once a neurological problem has, therefore, been ruled out, the disorders reduced visual acuity without visible fundus abnormalities may be misdiagnosed as optic neuritis, dominant optic atrophy, amblyopia, or nonorganic visual disorder.The combination of weak amplitudes in the mfERG with no visible fundus abnormalities then rules out other explanations. For example, OMD presents negative for a full-field ERG while retinitis pigmentosa presents abnormal. Prognosis
Since the abnormality is not in the eye lens, the disease is not correctable with eyeglasses. Vision becomes dimmer over the course of years as the macula loses function. Eventually the patient may become legally blind. The peripheral vision field is preserved. In other words, OMD does not cause total blindness, due to the concentration of the degradation at the cone-rich (color-sensitive) region of the retina. No treatment is known to slow the progression. The speed of progression varies by case — even between donor and recipient of the mutation — and can last for 10 to 30 years. Future research
Because of the rarity of OMD, no clinical trials are in the pipeline as of January 2019. However, mutations in RP1L1 might play a role in retinitis pigmentosa (RP), raising hope for a spillover effect for OMD patients should an RP1L1-related treatment be developed for RP. Given the possible relation between ABCA4 and OMD, progress with Stargardt disease via gene therapy might have a spillover effect for OMD patients as well. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have been particularly successful in gene therapy of eyes and muscles.
Temporary implantable nitinol device (TIND and iTIND): is a device that is placed in the urethra that, when released, is expanded, reshaping the urethra and the bladder neck. Alternative medicine
While herbal remedies are commonly used, a 2016 review found the herbs studied to be no better than placebos. Particularly, several systematic reviews found that saw palmetto extract, while one of the most commonly used, is no better than a placebo both in symptom relief and in decreasing prostate size. Other herbal medicines somewhat effective at improving urine flow include beta-sitosterol from Hypoxis rooperi (African star grass), pygeum (extracted from the bark of Prunus africana), pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita pepo), and stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) root. A systematic review of Chinese herbal medicines found that Chinese herbal medicine, both alone and together with Western medicine, was similar to either placebos or Western medicine in the treatment of BPH. Chinese herbal medicine was found to be superior to Western medicine in improving the quality of life and in reducing prostate volume. Epidemiology
Globally, benign prostatic hyperplasia affects about 210 million males as of 2010 (6% of the population).The prostate gets larger in most men as they get older. For a symptom-free man of 46 years, the risk of developing BPH over the next 30 years is 45%. Incidence rates increase from 3 cases per 1000 man-years at age 45–49 years, to 38 cases per 1000 man-years by the age of 75–79 years.