Even though various studies have documented the success of using this medication to induce symptomatic relief in affected individuals, the improvement is not as rapid and significant as observed in other inflammatory diseases, such as THS and temporal arteristis. In addition, some steroid non-responders may have worsened RPON symptoms after taking these drugs, suggesting that corticosteroids are not suitable for treating every patient with the condition.Other drugs, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), ergotamine, triptan and acetaminophen, have been investigated for the acute treatment of RPON. However, their efficacy is currently unknown. Management of residual symptoms
Depending on the severity of symptoms, various treatment options are available to people with persistent ophthalmoplegia. For mild conditions, prism glasses can be prescribed to correct specific types of double vision. In more extreme cases, additional intervention such as botulinum toxin injection and strabismus surgery, might be required to rebalance the actions of the extraocular muscles. This would improve the alignment of the eyes when they are in primary position. Similarly, surgical correction can be performed on individuals with severe ptosis. Prognosis
The prognosis of RPON is generally considered favorable, with most affected individuals having spontaneous symptom resolution after an attack. However, the accumulated nerve damage from repeated RPON attacks might increase the severity and persistence of ophthalmoplegia. Among people with recurrent episodes of RPON, about 30-54% develop permanent neurological sequelae, such as persistent mydriasis, ptosis, strabismus and double vision. == References ==
These vessels are not programmed to exist beyond early fetal life, and eventually became narrowed. Treatment
The aim of treatment of the MAPCAs is to group them together and convert their supply to deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart. External links
Interactive videogame graphic showing repair of tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia - from Lucile Packard Childrens Hospital Stanford & Lighthaus Inc.
Management of Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia - contains angiographic images of MAPCAs. == References ==