Causes
Causes of Page kidney have appeared to change over time. Initially, the phenomena were most often caused by traumatic injuries, such as contact sports or motor vehicle collisions. More recently, the majority of cases are postprocedural or secondary to mass lesions. Several factors have been implicated as contributory to this change, namely: the more liberal use of high-quality imaging and the increased utilization of invasive procedures. Documented iatrogenic causes include: intra-abdominal surgery, lithotripsy, renal biopsy, and percutaneous endopyelotomy. The biggest shift in cause comes from kidney allograft biopsy, which now accounts for the majority of Page kidney cases. Pathophysiology
Although to date there have not been any studies specific to Page kidney in humans, two studies in animals and known renal physiology provide a likely mechanism. The elevated blood pressure seen in Page kidney is thought to be caused by the activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). Compression of the renal parenchyma alters intrarenal blood flow, resulting in a localized decrease in blood flow to the affected nephrons. This decrease in blood flow is recognized by the juxtaglomerular (JG) cells and promotes the cleavage of prorenin into renin. Each kidney is surrounded by two layers of connective tissue, the inner renal capsule and outer renal (Gerotas) fascia. These layers thus form two potential spaces where fluid can form, the small subcapsular space and the large perinephric space. The renal capsule is fibrous and does not easily expand. Thus, even a small collection of blood in the subcapsular space can cause mass effect on the renal parenchyma.
Astasia-abasia refers to the inability to either stand or walk in a normal manner. Astasia refers to the inability to stand upright unassisted. Abasia refers to lack of motor coordination in walking. The term abasia literally means that the base of gait (the lateral distance between the two feet) is inconstant or unmeasurable. When seen in conversion disorder, the gait is bizarre and is not suggestive of a specific organic lesion: often the patient sways wildly and nearly falls, recovering at the last moment. An acquired total inability to stand and walk can be seen in organic neurological diseases, including stroke, Parkinsons disease, damage to the cerebellum, Guillain–Barré syndrome, normal pressure hydrocephalus and many others. In normal pressure hydrocephalus, for example, when the condition remains untreated, the patients gait becomes shortened, with frequent shuffling and falls; eventually standing, sitting, and even rolling over in bed become impossible. This advanced state is referred to as "hydrocephalic astasia-abasia". Phobias
Astasia and/or abasia are  associated with the corresponding fears of walking and/or standing, variously called stasophobia, basophobia, stasiphobia, basiphobia, stasobasophobia, stasibasiphobia, etc., sometimes turning into pathological forms, i.e., phobias. See also
Blocqs disease, an illness named after Paul Oscar Blocq

References


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