Causes
It is possible that facial clefts are caused by a disorder in the migration of neural crest cells.Another theory is that facial clefts are caused by failure of the fusion process and failure of inwards growth of the mesoderm. Other theories are that genetics play a part in the development of facial clefts or that they are caused by amniotic bands. Genetics
Overview
Around one in 700 individuals are born with craniofacial clefts. There are multiple genetic and environmental factors which contribute to craniofacial development. Within craniofacial disorders and abnormalities, orofacial clefts, and specifically cleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CP) are the most common in humans. Occurrences of CL/P are most often (around seventy percent of cases) isolated and nonsyndromic, meaning they are not associated with a syndrome or inherited genetic conditions. Around thirty percent occur with other structural variances, and over 500 syndromes have been identified in which clefting is a principal feature. Clefting can result from teratogens, an agent that disrupts embryo development such as, radiation, maternal infection, chemicals, or drugs. Chromosomal abnormalities or mutations at single gene loci have also contributed to clefting development. Genetic causes are linked with most craniofacial syndromes, and CL/P and other orofacial clefts are recognized as heterogeneous disorders, meaning there are multiple recognized causes. Orofacial clefts have great phenotypic diversity, and their associated genetic environments have called for vast research and investigation.
Abdominal migraine is a variant type of migraine. It primarily affects children, and is rare in adults. It mainly causes episodes of abdominal pain without an accompanying headache. It is poorly understood. It is difficult to confirm the diagnosis, as periumbilical abdominal pain has an extensive differential diagnosis. It may be treated with analgesia in some patients, and other medications. Avoiding triggers can prevent an episode of abdominal migraine. Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms of abdominal migraine may include:

Abdominal pain
Nausea
Vomiting
Headache
Photosensitivity
Loss of appetite
PallorThese occur in distinct episodes. This can have a significant effect on day-to-day life. It usually does not occur with a headache. Body mass index is usually unaffected, and physical development is normal. Causes
Common migraine triggers may trigger abdominal migraines. Psychological stress (such as from school), a change in location (such as travel), changes to sleep, and exercise when this is not wanted, may all cause abdominal migraine. Pathophysiology
Abdominal migraine is poorly understood. Diagnosis
As with other types of migraines, there is no diagnostic test to identify abdominal migraines. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, a family history of migraines, and eliminations of other possible causes. It can take time before a diagnosis is made, as symptoms are not specific to abdominal migraine.Diagnostic criteria from the International Classification of Headache Disorders are:

A. At least 5 attacks fulfilling criteria B-D.
B.