Testing for these anti-PLA2R has revolutionised diagnosis and treatment of this disease in antibody positive patients, and tracking titre level over time allows you to predict risk of disease progression and chance of spontaneous remissionIn 2014, a second autoantigen was discovered, the thrombospondin type 1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) system that might account for an additional 5-10% of membranous nephropathy cases, and appears to be associated with malignancies. New studies are identifying novel auto-antigens responsible for causing a membranous nephropathy pattern of injury continue to be published, with antibodies against NELL-1 and EXT1/EXT2 in 2019, Semaphorin3B and Protocadherin 7 (PCDH7) in 2020, and serine protease HTRA1 in 2021. Secondary
The remainder is secondary due to:

autoimmune conditions (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus). infections (e.g., syphilis, malaria, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV). drugs (e.g., captopril, NSAIDs, penicillamine, probenecid, Bucillamine, Anti-TNF therapy, Tiopronin). inorganic salts (e.g. gold, mercury). tumors, frequently solid tumors of the lung and colon; hematological malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia are less common. Pathogenesis
MGN is caused by immune complex formation in the glomerulus. The immune complexes are formed by binding of antibodies to antigens in the glomerular basement membrane. The antigens may be part of the basement membrane, or deposited from elsewhere by the systemic circulation.The immune complex serves as an activator that triggers a response from the C5b - C9 complements, which form a membrane attack complex (MAC) on the glomerular epithelial cells.
Aldara may refer to:

Former name of Alvanq, a community or municipality in Armenia
Àldara, Sardinian name of Ardara, Sardinia, a comune or municipality
Imiquimod or Aldara, a prescription medication that acts as an immune response modifier

See also
Aldara Park, Gauteng, a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa