History
In 1945, the ophthalmologist David Glendenning Cogan (1908–1993) first described the "nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis and vestibuloauditory symptoms" that would later bear his name. In 1963, the atypical form of Cogan syndrome, also known as "Logan Syndrome" was first described. References
Further reading
Haynes BF, Kaiser-Kupfer MI, Mason P, Fauci AS (November 1980). "Cogan syndrome: studies in thirteen patients, long-term follow-up, and a review of the literature". Medicine. 59 (6): 426–41. doi:10.1097/00005792-198011000-00003. PMID 6969345. Gluth MB, Baratz KH, Matteson EL, Driscoll CL (April 2006). "Cogan syndrome: a retrospective review of 60 patients throughout a half century". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 81 (4): 483–8. doi:10.4065/81.4.483. PMID 16610568. Norton EW, Cogan DG (May 1959). "Syndrome of nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis and vestibuloauditory symptoms; a long-term follow-up". Archives of Ophthalmology. 61 (5): 695–7. doi:10.1001/archopht.1959.00940090697004. PMID 13636563. Bicknell JM, Holland JV (March 1978). "Neurologic manifestations of Cogan syndrome". Neurology. 28 (3): 278–81. doi:10.1212/wnl.28.3.278. PMID 305011. S2CID 22367876. Casselman JW, Majoor MH, Albers FW (January 1994). "MR of the inner ear in patients with Cogan syndrome". American Journal of Neuroradiology. 15 (1): 131–8. PMC 8332073. PMID 8141044. Allen NB, Cox CC, Cobo M,  et al. (March 1990). "Use of immunosuppressive agents in the treatment of severe ocular and vascular manifestations of Cogans syndrome". The American Journal of Medicine. 88 (3): 296–301. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(90)90157-9. PMID 2309745. Kundell SP, Ochs HD (July 1980). "Cogan syndrome in childhood". The Journal of Pediatrics. 97 (1): 96–8. doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(80)80142-9. PMID 7381656. == External links ==
Simeticone (INN), also known as simethicone (USAN), is an anti-foaming agent used to reduce bloating, discomfort or pain caused by excessive gas. Medical uses
Simeticone is used to relieve the symptoms of excessive gas in the gastrointestinal tract, namely bloating, burping, and flatulence. While there is a lack of conclusive evidence that simeticone is effective for this use, ⁣ studies have shown that it can relieve symptoms of functional dyspepsia and functional bloating.It has not been fully established that simeticone is useful to treat colic in babies, and it is not recommended for this purpose. A study in the United Kingdom reported that according to parental perception simeticone helped infant colic in some cases.Simeticone can also be used for suspected postoperative abdominal discomfort in infants. Side effects
Simeticone does not have any serious side effects. Two uncommon side effects (occurring in 1 in 100 to 1 in 1,000 patients) are constipation and nausea. Pharmacology
Simeticone is a non-systemic surfactant which decreases the surface tension of gas bubbles in the GI tract. This allows gas bubbles to leave the GI tract as flatulence or belching. Simeticone does not reduce or prevent the formation of gas. Its effectiveness has been shown in several in vitro studies. Chemistry
Simethicone is a mixture of dimethicone and silicon dioxide. Names
The INN name is "simeticone", which was added to the INN recommended list in 1999.Simeticone is marketed under many brand names and in many combination drugs; it is also marketed as a veterinary drug. == References ==