During the EVA they breathe 100% oxygen in their spacesuits, which operate at 4.3 psi (0.30 bar), although research has examined the possibility of using 100% O2 at 9.5 psi (0.66 bar) in the suits to lessen the pressure reduction, and hence the risk of DCS. Treatment
Recompression on air was shown to be an effective treatment for minor DCS symptoms by Keays in 1909. Evidence of the effectiveness of recompression therapy utilizing oxygen was first shown by Yarbrough and Behnke, and has since become the standard of care for treatment of DCS. Recompression is normally carried out in a recompression chamber. At a dive site, a riskier alternative is in-water recompression.Oxygen first aid has been used as an emergency treatment for diving injuries for years. Particularly if given within the first four hours of surfacing, it increases the success of recompression therapy as well as decreasing the number of recompression treatments required. Most fully closed-circuit diving rebreathers can deliver sustained high concentrations of oxygen-rich breathing gas and could be used as a means of supplying oxygen if dedicated equipment is not available.It is beneficial to give fluids, as this helps reduce dehydration. It is no longer recommended to administer aspirin, unless advised to do so by medical personnel, as analgesics may mask symptoms. People should be made comfortable and placed in the supine position (horizontal), or the recovery position if vomiting occurs.
Klismaphilia (or klysmaphilia), from the Greek words κλύσμα ("enema", from κατακλυσμός, "deluge, flood") and φιλία ("love"), is a paraphilia involving enjoyment of, and sexual arousal from, enemas. History
The term klismaphilia was coined in 1973 by Dr. Joanne Denko, an early investigator in this field, in her article "Klismaphilia: Enema as a Sexual Preference[:] Report of Two Cases," to describe the activities of some of her patients, whom she referred to as klismaphiliacs. Klismaphile has come into use as a synonym for klismaphiliac. Manifestation
Klismaphiles might gain pleasure from a large, water distended belly or the feeling of internal pressure. An enema fetish may include the sexual attraction to the equipment, processes, environments, situations, or scenarios, and some may be sexually aroused by the preparations, such as by the feel and smell of a latex rubber or plastic syringe, by the smell of soapsuds enema solution, or by preparing the recipient. Often, klismaphiles report discovering these desires after a chance administration of an enema sometime in their childhood, but some do report discovering these feelings later on. Klismaphiles can gain satisfaction of enemas through fantasies, by actually receiving or giving one, or through the process of eliminating steps to being administered one (e.g., under the pretense of being constipated). Usually, klismaphiles carry out normal lives and successfully engage in this behavior secretly. An enema can be an auxiliary to, or a substitute for, genital sexual activity.That some women use enemas while masturbating was documented by Alfred Kinsey in "Sexual Behavior in the Human Female."