Other findings may include colonic dilation and stool buildup evidencing constipation.Similar to xray, in mild ulcerative colitis, double contrast barium enema often shows nonspecific findings. Conversely, barium enema may display small buildups of barium in microulcerations. Severe UC can be characterized by various polyps, colonic shortening, loss of haustrae (the small bulging pouches in the colon),and narrowing of the colon. It is important to note that barium enema should not be conducted in patients exhibiting very severe symptoms as this may slow or stop stool passage through the colon causing ileus and toxic megacolon.Other methods of imaging include computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Both may depict colonic wall thickening but have decreased ability to find early signs of wall changes when compared to barium enema. In cases of severe ulcerative colitis, however, they often exhibit equivalent ability to detect colonic changes.Doppler ultrasound is the last means of imaging that may be used. Similar to the imaging methods mentioned earlier, this may show some thickened bowel wall layers. In severe cases, this may show thickening in all bowel wall layers (transmural thickness). Differential diagnosis
Several conditions may present in a similar manner as ulcerative colitis, and should be excluded. Such conditions include: Crohns disease, infectious colitis, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug enteropathy, and irritable bowel syndrome. Alternative causes of colitis should be considered, such as ischemic colitis (inadequate blood flow to the colon), radiation colitis (if prior exposure to radiation therapy), or chemical colitis. Pseudomembranous colitis may occur due to Clostridioides difficile infection following administration of antibiotics.
This conjunctivoplasty surgery to correct Conjunctivochalasis typically involves resection of an ellipse-shaped segment of conjunctiva just inferior to the lower lid margin, and is usually followed either by suturing or amniotic membrane graft transplantation to close the wound.Further techniques have been developed such as the Reservoir Restoration which aim to replace the degenerated Tenon’s, deepen the inferior fornix to restore the normal anatomy and physiology, and facilitate restoration of the normal tear film. In this surgical procedure, a crescent-shaped area of the conjunctiva is recessed along a limbal peritomy with a maximum anterior-posterior width no more than 3 mm. Diseased and dissolved Tenon’s are undermined leaving a large bare scleral defect. Cryopreserved amniotic membrane is slid over the scleral bed with fibrin glue and tucked under the conjunctiva to recreate the fornix. Immediately postop, the surgeon should note an improved anatomical definition and deepening of the inferior fornix. References


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