Physicians were unable to control his seizures with drugs, so the neurosurgeon Scoville tried a new approach involving brain surgery. He removed his medial temporal lobe bilaterally by doing a temporal lobectomy. His epilepsy did improve, but Molaison lost the ability to form new long-term memories (anterograde amnesia). He exhibited normal short-term memory ability. If he was given a list of words, he would forget them in about a minutes time. In fact, he would forget that he had even been given a list in the first place. However, H.M.s working and short-term memory seemed to be intact. He had a normal digit span and could hold a conversation that did not require him to recall past parts of the conversation. Once Molaison stopped thinking about the lists he was unable to recall them again from long-term memory. This gave researchers evidence that short-term and long-term memory are in fact two different processes. Even though he forgot about the lists, he was still able to learn things through his implicit memory. The psychologists would ask him to draw something on a piece of paper, but to look at the paper using a mirror. Though he could never remember ever doing that task, he would improve after doing it over and over again. This showed the psychologists that he was learning and remembering things unconsciously. In some studies it was found that H.M.s perceptual learning was intact and that his other cognitive skills were working appropriately.
Micrognathism is a condition where the jaw is undersized. It is also sometimes called mandibular hypoplasia. It is common in infants, but is usually self-corrected during growth, due to the jaws increasing in size. It may be a cause of abnormal tooth alignment and in severe cases can hamper feeding. It can also, both in adults and children, make intubation difficult, either during anesthesia or in emergency situations. Causes
While not always pathological, it can present as a birth defect in multiple syndromes including:

Catel–Manzke syndrome
Bloom syndrome
Coffin–Lowry syndrome
Congenital rubella syndrome
Cri du chat syndrome
DiGeorge syndrome
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Hallermann–Streiff syndrome
Hemifacial microsomia (as part of Goldenhar syndrome)
Incontinentia pigmenti
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Marfan syndrome
Möbius syndrome
Noonan syndrome
Pierre Robin syndrome
Prader–Willi syndrome
Progeria
Silver–Russell syndrome
Seckel syndrome
Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome
Stickler syndrome
Treacher Collins syndrome
Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome)
Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome)
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)
Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome
X0 syndrome (Turner syndrome)

Diagnosis
It can be detected by the naked eye as well as dental or skull X-Ray testing. Treatments
Micrognathia can be treated by surgery, orthodontic braces, and modified eating methods. Early detection of the problem and monitoring as the problems grows can help understand it better and find the most effective treatment procedure. See also
Human mandible
Macrognathism
Retrognathism

References
External links

"Micrognathia". Medline Plus. 12 May 2009. Retrieved 21 May 2011.