In addition, infants who are given cows milk too early can develop anemia due to gastrointestinal blood loss.Children who are at risk for iron-deficiency anemia include:
Preterm infants
Low birth weight infants
Infants fed with cows milk under 12 months of age
Breastfed infants who have not received iron supplementation after age 6 months, or those receiving non-iron-fortified formulas
Children between the ages of 1 to 5 years old who receive more than 24 ounces (700 mL) of cow milk per day
Children with low socioeconomic status
Children with special health care needs
Children of Hispanic ethnicity
Children who are overweight

Blood donation
Frequent blood donors are also at risk for developing iron deficiency anemia. When whole blood is donated, approximately 200 mg of iron is also lost from the body. The blood bank screens people for anemia before drawing blood for donation. If the patient has anemia, blood is not drawn. Less iron is lost if the person is donating platelets or white blood cells. Hepcidin
Decreased levels of serum and urine hepcidin are early indicators of iron deficiency. Hepcidin concentrations are also connected to the complex relationship between malaria and iron deficiency. Mechanism
Anemia can result from significant iron deficiency. When the body has sufficient iron to meet its needs (functional iron), the remainder is stored for later use in cells, mostly in the bone marrow and liver. These stores are called ferritin complexes and are part of the human (and other animals) iron metabolism systems.
Ethanol per se inhibits thiamine transport in the gastrointestinal system and blocks phosphorylation of thiamine to its cofactor form (ThDP).Following improved nutrition and the removal of alcohol consumption, some impairments linked with thiamine deficiency are reversed, in particular poor brain functionality, although in more severe cases, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome leaves permanent damage. (See delirium tremens.) Wet beriberi
Wet beriberi affects the heart and circulatory system. It is sometimes fatal, as it causes a combination of heart failure and weakening of the capillary walls, which causes the peripheral tissues to become edematous. Wet beriberi is characterized by:

Increased heart rate
Vasodilation leading to decreased systemic vascular resistance, and high-output heart failure
Elevated jugular venous pressure
Dyspnea (shortness of breath) on exertion
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Peripheral edema (swelling of lower legs) or generalized edema (swelling throughout the body)
Dilated cardiomyopathy

Gastrointestinal beriberi
Gastrointestinal beriberi causes abdominal pain. It is characterized by:

Abdominal pain
Nausea
Vomiting
Lactic acidosis

Infants
Infantile beriberi usually occurs between two and six months of age in children whose mothers have inadequate thiamine intake. It may present as either wet or dry beriberi.In the acute form, the baby develops dyspnea and cyanosis and soon dies of heart failure.