Vohwinkel syndrome (also known as "Keratoderma hereditaria mutilans," "Keratoma hereditaria mutilans," "Mutilating keratoderma of Vohwinkel",: 213  "Mutilating palmoplantar keratoderma") is a diffuse autosomal dominant keratoderma with onset in early infancy characterized by a honeycombed keratoderma involving the palmoplantar surfaces. : 512  Mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss is often associated. It has been associated with GJB2. It was characterized in 1929. Olmsted syndrome (also known as "Mutilating palmoplantar keratoderma with periorificial keratotic plaques," "Mutilating palmoplantar keratoderma with periorificial plaques" and "Polykeratosis of Touraine") is a keratoderma of the palms and soles, with flexion deformity of the digits, that begins in infancy. : 510 : 214  Treatment with retinoids has been described. It has been associated with mutations in TRPV3. Aquagenic keratoderma, also known as acquired aquagenic palmoplantar keratoderma,: 788  transient reactive papulotranslucent acrokeratoderma, aquagenic syringeal acrokeratoderma, and aquagenic wrinkling of the palms, is a skin condition characterized by the development of white papules on the palms after water exposure. : 215  The condition causes irritation of the palms when touching certain materials after being wet, e.g., paper, cloth. An association with cystic fibrosis has been suggested. The association with cystic fibrosis suggests an increased salt content in the skin. Genetics
Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma has been associated with keratin 9 and keratin 16.Nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma has been associated with keratin 1 and keratin 16. Treatment
Usually, a common form of treatment for the condition is a type of hand cream which moisturises the hard skin. Currently, the condition is incurable. See also
Keratoderma
List of cutaneous conditions

References


== External links ==
Together, these findings strongly suggest that language impairments are the result of an underlying neurological defect in an area of the brain related to language. Studies looking at long-term outcomes for individuals with specific language impairments such as expressive language disorder track these individuals from childhood to adulthood. As Whitehouse and his colleagues  suggest, "When childhood language problems persist into adulthood, they can have far reaching consequences in terms of academic, social and vocational outcomes." These researchers found that children diagnosed with an SLI would have persistent problems with language and are more likely to pursue vocational training rather than university, thereby avoiding professions requiring high levels of literacy. A lower socioeconomic status was also noted by adults who were diagnosed with an SLI as a child. Whitehouse  also reported that these adults had more difficulties in establishing friendships, most likely due to a decreased ability to express themselves socially. Current educational interventions for students with an SLI
Specific language impairments are often secondary characteristics of other disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In these cases, issues with speech and language are often not treated specifically, but rather attention is given to the primary complaint. Due to the high correlation of an SLI with other disorders, it is difficult to tell the difference between "pure SLI" or language impairments due to the presence of another disorder. See also
Auditory processing disorder
Speech-Language Pathology
Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder

References
Further reading
Bacon C, Rappold GA (November 2012).