Control and Prevention
Characteristics of Tin for Industrial Uses
Tin oxide metals are used for their variable valence state and positive charge deficit from their oxygen vacancy. When heated to temperatures above 2602 °C or 2875 K, tin oxides start to boil and produce fumes. For example, tin forms Sn2when heated in oxygenated environments; also called feebly acid. Tin oxide is known for being a good catalyst in solid photochemical reactions (photocatalysis) and electric production from light (photoelectrocatalysis). The energy produced form splitting water in photoelectrocatalysis is used for the creation of dehydrated dyes.Tin is found in nature as an off-white or gray crystal mineral called cassiterite. The corrosion resistant metal is harvested primarily in Malaya, Bolivia, Indonesia, Zaire, thailand, and Nigeria. Traditionally, tin was used to create containers; however, since the increase use of plastics and aluminum its no longer common. There are two allotropic forms of tin, depending on the temperature. A variety of tin alloys morphologies exist including the following metals: soft solder, fusible, pewter, bronze, Babbit, White, and phosphor bronze metal. Tin oxide metals are corrosive resistant which is important in industrial uses. Industrial Applications of Tin oxides
Stannous oxide (SnO)
Stannous oxide (SnO) is used for manufacturing glass materials, like ceramics. The compound is insoluble in water and takes the form of a brow-black powder or blue-black crystalline solid. It is labeled as both an irritant and health hazard in the chemical safety sections of safety data sheets.
Dyssomnias are a broad classification of sleeping disorders involving difficulty getting to sleep, remaining asleep, or of excessive sleepiness. Dyssomnias are primary disorders of initiating or maintaining sleep or of excessive sleepiness and are characterized by a disturbance in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep. Patients may complain of difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep, intermittent wakefulness during the night, early morning awakening, or combinations of any of these. Transient episodes are usually of little significance. Stress, caffeine, physical discomfort, daytime napping, and early bedtimes are common factors. Types
There are over 31 recognized kinds of dyssomnias. The major three groups, along with the group types, include:: 15 Intrinsic sleep disorders: 15 
idiopathic hypersomnia,
narcolepsy,
periodic limb movement disorder,
restless legs syndrome,
obstructive sleep apnea,
central sleep apnea syndrome,
sleep state misperception,
psychophysiologic insomnia,
recurrent hypersomnia,
post-traumatic hypersomnia,
central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome,
Extrinsic sleep disorders – 13 disorders recognized, including: 16 alcohol-dependent sleep disorder,
food allergy insomnia,
inadequate sleep routine. Circadian rhythm sleep disorders, both intrinsic and extrinsic – 6 disorders recognized, including: 16 advanced sleep phase syndrome,
delayed sleep phase syndrome,
jetlag,
shift work sleep disorder. See also
Parasomnia
Sleep problems in women
Somnolence

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