A fall in osmotic pressure occurs in nephrotic syndrome and liver failure.Causes of edema which are generalized to the whole body can cause edema in multiple organs and peripherally. For example, severe heart failure can cause pulmonary edema, pleural effusions, ascites and peripheral edema. Such severe systemic edema is called anasarca. In rare cases, a parvovirus B19 infection may cause generalized edemas.Although a low plasma oncotic pressure is widely cited for the edema of nephrotic syndrome, most physicians note that the edema may occur before there is any significant protein in the urine (proteinuria) or fall in plasma protein level. Most forms of nephrotic syndrome are due to biochemical and structural changes in the basement membrane of capillaries in the kidney glomeruli, and these changes occur, if to a lesser degree, in the vessels of most other tissues of the body. Thus the resulting increase in permeability that leads to protein in the urine can explain the edema if all other vessels are more permeable as well.As well as the previously mentioned conditions, edemas often occur during the late stages of pregnancy in some women. This is more common with those of a history of pulmonary problems or poor circulation also being intensified if arthritis is already present in that particular woman. Women who already have arthritic problems most often have to seek medical help for pain caused from over-reactive swelling. Edemas that occur during pregnancy are usually found in the lower part of the leg, usually from the calf down.
Autoimmune
Multiple sclerosis (neurologic pain interpreted as muscular)
Myositis
Mixed connective tissue disease
Lupus erythematosus
Fibromyalgia syndrome
Familial Mediterranean fever
Polyarteritis nodosa
Devics disease
Morphea
Sarcoidosis

Metabolic defect
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency
Conns syndrome
Adrenal insufficiency
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Diabetes
Hypogonadism
Postorgasmic illness syndrome

Other
Chronic fatigue syndrome (aka myalgic encephalomyelitis)
Channelopathy
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome
Stickler Syndrome
Hypokalemia
Hypotonia
Exercise intolerance
Mastocytosis
Peripheral neuropathy
Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome
Barcoo Fever
Herpes
Hemochromatosis
Delayed onset muscle soreness
HIV/AIDS
Generalized anxiety disorder
Tumor-induced osteomalacia
Hypovitaminosis D
Infarction

Withdrawal syndrome from certain drugs
Sudden cessation of high-dose corticosteroids, opioids, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, caffeine, or alcohol can induce myalgia. Treatment
When the cause of myalgia is unknown, it should be treated symptomatically. Common treatments include heat, rest, paracetamol, NSAIDs, massage, cryotherapy and muscle relaxants. See also
Arthralgia
Myopathy
Myositis

References


== External links ==