Clinical cases
Nipple-areolar leiomyomas
41-year-old-male
A 41-year-old-male presented with a yellow nodule in the upper left areola. He reported mild pain and itching, but denied other symptoms. Sebaceous glands, epidermal hyperplasia, and tumor nests were among the numerous findings that lead to preceded a diagnosis of diagnosis of areolar leiomyoma with sebaceous hyperplasia. Characteristics of the leiomyoma included positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors and high expression of epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, and fibroblast growth factor-2. It is suspected that these growth factors led to the growth of the leiomyoma through an autocrine process.. The patient declined resection and the region has remained stable since. 67-year-old-female
A 67-year-old-female presented with a growing mass on the left breast areolar region. The patient had been taking methotrexate to treat her rheumatoid arthritis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed led to a conclusion that the tumor arose from the areola. A biopsy led to a diagnosis of diffuse large, non GC B-cell lymphoma that was suspected to be associated with methotrexate. The tumor reduced in size following the withdrawal of methotrexate. Three months later, another tumor developed in the areolar region of the opposite breast. 35-year-old-female
A 35-year-old-female presented with a painful lump in the right nipple. The patient reported the lump occurred after a breastfeeding injury 3 years prior to coming into the outpatient center. The tumor has been growing ever since. A biopsy was performed to confirm the leiomyoma in the nipple. Uterine Leiomyomas
48-year-old-female
A 48-year-old-female presented with several uterine fibroids that were asymptomatic.
History
Before 20th century
An Italian anatomist, Luigi De Crecchio (1832-1894) provided the earliest known description of a case of probable CAH. I propose in this narrative that it is sometimes extremely difficult and even impossible to determine sex during life. In one of the anatomical theaters of the hospital..., there arrived toward the end of January a cadaver which in life was the body of a certain Joseph Marzo... The general physiognomy was decidedly male in all respects. There were no feminine curves to the body. There was a heavy beard. There was some delicacy of structure with muscles that were not very well developed... The distribution of pubic hair was typical of the male. Perhaps the lower extremities were somewhat delicate, resembling the female, and were covered with hair... The penis was curved posteriorly and measured 6 cm, or with stretching, 10 cm. The corona was 3 cm long and 8 cm in circumference. There was an ample prepuce. There was a first grade hypospadias... There were two folds of skin coming from the top of the penis and encircling it on either side. These were somewhat loose and resembled labia majora. De Crecchio then described the internal organs, which included a normal vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It was of the greatest importance to determine the habits, tendencies, passions, and general character of this individual...