Polycystic ovary syndrome, or PCOS, is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. The syndrome is named after the characteristic cysts which may form on the ovaries, though it is important to note that this is a sign and not the underlying cause of the disorder.Women with PCOS may experience irregular menstrual periods, heavy periods, excess hair, acne, pelvic pain, difficulty getting pregnant, and patches of thick, darker, velvety skin. The primary characteristics of this syndrome include: hyperandrogenism, anovulation, insulin resistance, and neuroendocrine disruption.A review of the international evidence found that the prevalence of PCOS could be as high as 26% among some populations, though ranges between 4% and 18% are reported for general populations. Despite its high prevalence, the exact cause of PCOS remains uncertain and there is no known cure. Definition
Two definitions are commonly used:

NIHIn 1990 a consensus workshop sponsored by the NIH/NICHD suggested that a person has PCOS if they have all of the following:oligoovulation
signs of androgen excess (clinical or biochemical)
exclusion of other disorders that can result in menstrual irregularity and hyperandrogenismRotterdamIn 2003 a consensus workshop sponsored by ESHRE/ASRM in Rotterdam indicated PCOS to be present if any 2 out of 3 criteria are met, in the absence of other entities that might cause these findings:
oligoovulation and/or anovulation
excess androgen activity
polycystic ovaries (by gynecologic ultrasound)The Rotterdam definition is wider, including many more women, the most notable ones being women without androgen excess.
Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) is a form of neonatal diabetes presenting at birth that is not permanent. This disease is considered to be a type of maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Types
Cause
This condition has to do with genetics and is often associated with having an added Chromosome 7 gene (mostly from the paternal side).The form on chromosome 6 can involve imprinting. Diagnosis
Management
See also
Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus

References
Further reading
GeneReview/NIH/UW entry on 6q24-Related Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus


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