In addition, assessment of the cervical cord, post-traumatic changes in soft tissues and associated injuries (e.g. fractures, cuff tears, etc.) may be appreciated. Although superior to nerve conduction studies, ultrasound and other tests, conventional MRI has a poor specificity (72%) meaning that the false-positive rate is high and surgeons cant rely upon the test to guide treatment. Consequently, the future of peripheral nerve MR imaging (including imaging brachial plexus injuries) is likely to be based on diffusion-weighted imaging, such as diffusion tensor techniques, which are of significant potential clinical utility and can enable the production of easily interpreted 3D reconstructions of the spinal cord and brachial plexus such as this. Several weeks/months after BPI, EMG examination can provide additional information about whether the muscle is denervated. These examinations are painful, highly user-dependent and lack normal values so cannot be relied upon. Classification
The severity of brachial plexus injury is determined by the type of nerve damage. There are several different classification systems for grading the severity of nerve and brachial plexus injuries. Most systems attempt to correlate the degree of injury with symptoms, pathology and prognosis. Seddons classification, devised in 1943, continues to be used, and is based on three main types of nerve fiber injury, and whether there is continuity of the nerve. Neurapraxia: The mildest form of nerve injury. It involves an interruption of the nerve conduction without loss of continuity of the axon. Recovery takes place without wallerian degeneration.
Cutaneous meningioma (also known as "Heterotopic meningeal tissue," and "Rudimentary meningocele") is a developmental defect, and results from the presence of meningocytes outside the calvarium. : 622

See also
List of cutaneous conditions


== References ==