Adverse effects of these agents have been reported and include the occurrence of restless leg syndrome triggered by the medication, as well as cortical arousals, which are a cause of disturbed sleep. Patients must stay on these medications in order to experience relief, because there is no known cure for this disorder. PLMs tend to be exacerbated by tricyclic antidepressants, SSRIs, stress, and sleep deprivation. It is also advised not to consume caffeine, alcohol, or antidepressants as these substances could worsen the PLMD symptoms. Other medications aimed at reducing or eliminating the leg jerks or the arousals can be prescribed. Non-ergot derived dopaminergic medications (pramipexole and ropinirole) are preferred. Other dopaminergic agents such as co-careldopa, co-beneldopa, pergolide, or lisuride may also be used. These medications decrease or eliminate both the leg jerks and the arousals. These medications are also successful for the treatment of restless legs syndrome. In one study, co-careldopa was superior to dextropropoxyphene in decreasing the number of leg kicks and the number of arousals per hour of sleep. However, co-careldopa and, to a lesser extent, pergolide may shift the leg movements from the nighttime to the daytime.Clonazepam in doses of 1 mg has been shown to improve objective and subjective measures of sleep.Hypothesis was presented for supplementation of magnesium use for PLMD improvement due to evidence for therapeutic effects of magnesium on normal magnesium level patients with insomnia and RLS. Evidence of magnesium on pathomechanisms of PLMD has yet to be found.
In people with recurrent vasovagal syncope, diagnostic accuracy can often be improved with one of the following diagnostic tests:

A tilt table test (results should be interpreted in the context of patients clinical presentations and with an understanding of the sensitivity and specificity of the test)
Implantation of an insertable loop recorder
A Holter monitor or event monitor
An echocardiogram
An electrophysiology study

Treatment
Treatment for reflex syncope focuses on avoidance of triggers, restoring blood flow to the brain during an impending episode, and measures that interrupt or prevent the pathophysiologic mechanism described above. Lifestyle changes
The cornerstone of treatment is avoidance of triggers known to cause syncope in that person. However, research has shown that people show great reductions in vasovagal syncope through exposure-based exercises with therapists if the trigger is mental or emotional, e.g., sight of blood. However, if the trigger is a specific drug, then avoidance is the only treatment. A technique known as "applied tension" may be additionally useful in those who have syncope with exposure to blood. The technique is done by tightening the skeletal muscles for about 15 seconds when the exposure occurs and then slowing releasing them. This is then repeated every 30 seconds for a few minutes. Because vasovagal syncope causes a decrease in blood pressure, relaxing the entire body as a mode of avoidance is not favorable. A person can move or cross their legs and tighten leg muscles to keep blood pressure from dropping so significantly before an injection.