Results from characterization studies of urinary immunoglobulins indicate that light chains (Bence Jones protein), usually of the kappa type, are found in the urine. Urine collections should be concentrated. Bence Jones proteinuria is observed in approximately 40% of patients and exceeds 1 g/d in approximately 3% of patients. Patients with findings of peripheral neuropathy should have nerve conduction studies and antimyelin associated glycoprotein serology.Criteria for diagnosis of Waldenström macroglobulinemia include:

IgM monoclonal gammopathy that excludes chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Mantle cell lymphoma
Evidence of anemia, constitutional symptoms, hyperviscosity, swollen lymph nodes, or enlargement of the liver and spleen that can be attributed to an underlying lymphoproliferative disorder. Treatment
There is no single accepted treatment for Waldenström macroglobulinemia. There is marked variation in clinical outcome due to gaps in knowledge of the diseases molecular basis. Objective response rates are high (> 80%) but complete response rates are low (0–15%). The medication ibrutinib targets the MYD88 L265P mutation induced activation of Brutons tyrosine kinase. In a cohort study of previously treated patients, ibrutinib induced responses in 91% of patients, and at 2 years 69% of patients had no progression of disease and 95% were alive. Based on this study, the Food and Drug Administration approved ibrutinib for use in Waldenström macroglobulinemia in 2015.There are different treatment flowcharts: Treon and mSMART.Patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia are at higher risk of developing second cancers than the general population, but it is not yet clear whether treatments are contributory.
Roughness may refer to:

Surface roughness, the roughness of a surface
Roughness length, roughness as applied in meteorology
International Roughness Index, the roughness of a road
Hydraulic roughness, the roughness of land and waterway features
Roughness (psychophysics) in psychoacoustics refers to the level of dissonance
The roughness of a line or surface, measured numerically by the Hausdorff dimension
Roughness/resel, the resel/roughness of an image/volume
Unnecessary roughness, a type of foul in gridiron football

See also
Surface finish