Additionally, some individuals may require ongoing medication therapy at home, which may include diuretics (such as furosemide or spironolactone), analgesics (such as paracetamol), cardiac glycosides (such as digoxin), anticoagulants (such as heparin or aspirin), or other medications. If the individual has undergone stenting, an anticoagulant will be a necessity to prevent build-up around the stent(s), as the body will perceive the foreign body as a wound and attempt to heal it. Some patients who had alternate corrective surgery, such as the Mustard or Senning procedure, may have issues with SA and VA nodal transmissions in later life. Typical symptoms include palpitations and problems with low heart rates. This is commonly solved with a Pacemaker unit, providing scar tissue from the original operation does not block its functionality. More recently, ACE inhibitors have been prescribed to patients in the hope of relieving stress on the heart. Prognosis
With simple d-TGA, if the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus are allowed to close naturally, the newborn will likely not survive long enough to receive corrective surgery. With complex d-TGA, the infant will fail to thrive and is unlikely to survive longer than a year if corrective surgery is not performed.
Small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) are designed to intervene in the pathway of RNA interference (RNAi), a naturally operating mechanism, wherein they bind to a complex within the cell termed the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC); after binding, the RISC structure in the siRNA-RISC complex is altered, allowing it to cleave specific messenger RNA molecules (mRNAs). The siRNA-RISC complex is catalytic, and thus can cleave multiple copies of the mRNA that it targets; cleaved mRNAs are not translated into proteins, and thus the concentration of the protein targeted by the siRNA design is decreased.The proprotein convertase, PCSK9, is a liver-produced and -secreted serine protease whose binding and action on LDL receptors results in their increased lysosomal degradation in hepatocytes, a consequence of which is an increase in the level of circulating LDL cholesterol (and inhibition of which, the decrease in this level). Studies of PCSK9 genetics supported the conclusion that decreases in circulating LDL cholesterol accomplished in this way would result in "diminished cardiovascular risk... with no apparent negative health consequences", and long term administration of antibodies with short in vivo half-lives, 1-2 times a month, reduced circulating PCSK9 and LDL cholesterol levels, with the result of a "lower incidence of cardiovascular events than placebo".