Though it was first described in 1575, there is evidence that the condition occurred in people more than 5,000 years ago. Signs and symptoms
Atherosclerosis is asymptomatic for decades because the arteries enlarge at all plaque locations, thus there is no effect on blood flow. Even most plaque ruptures do not produce symptoms until enough narrowing or closure of an artery, due to clots, occurs. Signs and symptoms only occur after severe narrowing or closure impedes blood flow to different organs enough to induce symptoms. Most of the time, patients realize that they have the disease only when they experience other cardiovascular disorders such as stroke or heart attack. These symptoms, however, still vary depending on which artery or organ is affected.Abnormalities associated with atherosclerosis begin in childhood. Fibrous and gelatinous lesions have been observed in the coronary arteries of children aged 6–10. Fatty streaks have been observed in the coronary arteries of juveniles aged 11–15, though they appear at a much younger age within the aorta.Clinically, given enlargement of the arteries for decades, symptomatic atherosclerosis is typically associated with men in their 40s and women in their 50s to 60s. Sub-clinically, the disease begins to appear in childhood and rarely is already present at birth. Noticeable signs can begin developing at puberty. Though symptoms are rarely exhibited in children, early screening of children for cardiovascular diseases could be beneficial to both the child and his/her relatives.
Abametapir, sold under the brand name Xeglyze, is a medication used for the treatment of head lice infestation in people six months of age and older.The most common side effects include skin redness, rash, skin burning sensation, skin inflammation, vomiting, eye irritation, skin itching, and hair color changes.Abametapir is a metalloproteinase inhibitor. Abametapir was approved for medical use in the United States in July 2020. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication. Medical uses
Abametapir is indicated for the topical treatment of head lice infestation in people six months of age and older. Contraindications
Abametapir has no contraindications according to the labeling. Adverse effects
Common adverse effects are burning skin sensations (in 3% of patients), contact dermatitis (2%), skin redness (4%), rash (3%), and vomiting (2%). Interactions
Abametapir blocks the liver enzymes CYP3A4, CYP2B6 and CYP1A2 in vitro. A single application of the drug may lead to increased blood concentrations of drugs that are metabolized by these enzymes. Pharmacology
Mechanism of action
The drug inhibits enzymes called metalloproteinases. In lice, these enzymes play a role in egg development and survival; and consequently, blocking them will disrupt the lices life cycle. Pharmacokinetics
After application to the scalp, part of the substance reaches the bloodstream, where most of it (91.3–92.3%) is bound to plasma proteins. It is metabolized primarily by the liver enzyme CYP1A2 to abametapir hydroxyl and further to abametapir carboxyl (see structure drawings).