Lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil, sold under the brand name Cimduo among others, is a fixed-dose combination antiretroviral medication for the treatment of HIV/AIDS in adults and children weighing more than 35 kilograms (77 lb). It contains lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil. It is taken by mouth.Lamivudine/tenofovir was approved for medical use in the United States in February 2018. References
Further reading
"WHO Public Assessment Report: HA414 - Lamivudine/Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate - 300mg/300mg - Tablets - Mylan Laboratories Ltd - India". World Health Organization (WHO). Archived from the original on 26 March 2020. External links
"Lamivudine". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Tenofovir disoproxil". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Female athletes are more likely to jump and land with their knees relatively straight and collapsing in towards each other, while most of their bodyweight falls on a single foot and their upper body tilts to one side. Several theories have been described to further explain these imbalances. These include the ligament dominance, quadriceps dominance, leg dominance, and trunk dominance theories.The ligament dominance theory suggests that when females athletes land after a jump, their muscles do not sufficiently absorb the impact of the ground. As a result, the ligaments of the knee must absorb the force, leading to a higher risk of injury. Quadriceps dominance refers to a tendency of female athletes to preferentially use the quadriceps muscles to stabilize the knee joint. Given that the quadriceps muscles work to pull the tibia forward, an overpowering contraction of the quadriceps can place strain on the ACL, increasing risk of injury.Leg dominance describes the observation that women tend to place more weight on one leg than another. Finally, trunk dominance suggests that males typically exhibit greater control of the trunk in performance situations as evidenced by greater activation of the internal oblique muscle. Female athletes are more likely to land with their upper body tilted to one side and more weight on one leg than the other, therefore placing greater rotational force on their knees. Hormonal and anatomic differences
Before puberty, there is no observed difference in frequency of ACL tears between the sexes.