They also activate the coagulation cascade (blood clotting system) via factor XII, which can lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation and kidney damage. Isohemagglutinins also activate the complement cascade via C3a and C5a, which then promote inflammatory cytokine release from white blood cells. These inflammatory cytokines include IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha, which cause symptoms of low blood pressure, fever, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, and wheezing. Diagnosis
The diagnosis of AHTR is made with microscopic examination of the recipients blood and a direct antiglobulin test. The donor and recipient blood can be re-tested with a type, crossmatch, and antibody screen to determine the cause of the reaction. Treatment
Initial treatment for any type of transfusion reaction, including AHTR, is discontinuation of the transfusion. Fluid replacement and close monitoring of vital signs are important. People with AHTR are managed with supportive care, which may include diuretics, blood pressure support, and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (with fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and platelet transfusion). Furosemide is the diuretic of choice in treatment of AHTR with decreased urine output, because it increases the amount of blood that reaches the renal cortex. Mannitol may also be used. Dopamine is used for blood pressure support because it causes vasodilation (dilation of blood vessels) in the kidneys as well as increasing the cardiac output (amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute). Prognosis
The severity and prognosis of acute hemolytic transfusion depends on the rate of blood administration and the total volume of the transfusion. Approximately 2% of cases are fatal.
Zar may refer to:

Places
Zar, Armenia
Zar, Azerbaijan
Žár, Czech Republic
Zar, Iran, in Markazi Province
Zeraq, or Zar, Hamadan Province, Iran
Żar, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland
Żar (mountain), in Poland
Žar Mountain, a mountain range in Kosovo
South African Republic (Dutch: Zuid-Afrikaanse Republiek)

People
Surname
Chet Zar (born 1967), American artist; son of James Zar
Heather Zar (born ? ), South African pediatrician, respiratory specialist, writer, and professor
Ibn Abi Zar (died between 1310 and 1320), Moroccan historian and poet; presumed author of the medieval history of Morocco, Rawd al-Qirtas
James Zar (1941–2015), American artist; father of Chet Zar
Jerrold Zar (born 1941), American biologist and professor
Lwi Zar (born 1976), Burmese politician
Mordechai Zar (1914–1982), Israeli politician
Moshe Zar (born 1938), Israeli settlement leader and religious Zionist
Paul Zar (born 1967), American bobsledder and Olympic competitor
Pe Thein Zar (1943–2018), Burmese-born Australian student leader, lawyer, revolutionary and freedom fighter, and writer
Rose Zar (1922–2001), a Polish Holocaust survivor, human rights activist, and author
Sarah Zar (born ? ), American visual and performance artist, musician, songwriter, and writer

Given name
Zar Wali Khan (born 1953), Pakistani Islamic scholar
Zar Gul Khan (fl. 2017), Pakistani politician
Zar Lawrence (born 1982), New Zealand rugby player
Zar Randeri (pen name of Bharucha Hasim bin Yusuf; 1887–? ), Indian Gujarati poet and translator
Zar Zar Myint (born 1993), Burmese footballer
Zar Zari Zar Baksh (fl.c.