The NCAA has also recently encouraged athletes to become aware of their sickle cell trait status, as the trait itself does not typically result in symptoms under normal conditions but can become dangerous during extreme physical activity similar to the daily training that athletes undergo.Normal hemoglobin (and hemoglobin S in the presence of oxygen) contains a deformability characteristic that allows erythrocytes to essentially squeeze their way into smaller vessels, including those involved in microcirculation to the capillaries within muscle tissue as well as blood supply embedded within organ tissues. When hemoglobin S is deprived of oxygen, it can polymerize, which is what is proposed to cause the "sickled" cells. The sickled erythrocytes present a decreased deformability when compared to normal erythrocytes, leading to distress in circulation into the smaller vessels involved in microcirculation, particularly, in this case, the capillaries embedded in muscle tissue.The resulting microvasculatory distress in capillaries specific to muscle tissue can cause acute rhabdomyolysis and necrosis within the muscle cells. The inflammation and leakage of intracellular material resulting from muscle cell necrosis releases a particular protein, myoglobin, into the blood stream. While necessary in muscle tissue to bind iron and oxygen, myoglobin circulating through the bloodstream can break down into smaller compounds that damage kidney cells, leading to various complications, such as those seen in sickle cell trait athletes during high levels of physical exertion.Because of the link between deformability and sickled cells, deformability can be used to evaluate the amount of sickled cells in the blood.
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma refers to a group of T-cell lymphomas that develop away from the thymus or bone marrow.Examples include:
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type
Enteropathy type T-cell lymphoma
Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma-Not-Otherwise-SpecifiedIn ICD-10, cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are classified separately. References


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