In some cases, excessive iodine contributes to a risk of autoimmune thyroid diseases (Hashimotos thyroiditis and Graves disease). Different experts in nutrition advise different amounts of iodine supplementation. Supplementation is typically in a product which contains roughly half iodine and half iodide (a popular product used and sold for decades is “Iodoral®” which contains 5 mg of Iodine and 7.5 mg of Iodide). On low side there is Kara Fitzgerald recommending less than 1,100 mcg per day (except when treating some medical conditions), she considers long term dosage of 40,000 mcg per day “excessive”. In the middle we have Dr. Alan Gaby who considers a “moderately high dose” to be 3,000 to 6,000 mcg per day. On the higher end we have Dr. David Brownstein, Dr. Jorge Flechas, Dr. Guy Abraham, Dr. Alan Roby and Dr. Jonathan Wright who recommend 6,000 mcg to 50,000 mcg per day. Prognosis
With iodine supplementation, goiters caused by iodine deficiency decrease in size in very young children and pregnant women. Generally, however, long-standing goiters caused by iodine deficiency respond with only small amounts of shrinkage after iodine supplementation, and patients are at risk for developing hyperthyroidism.Being pregnant while iodine-deficient additionally carries the risk of causing congenital iodine deficiency syndrome in the newborn. This disease can only be managed by lifelong administration of thyroxine (T4). Epidemiology
Iodine deficiency resulting in goiter occurs in 187 million people globally as of 2010 (2.7% of the population).
Since milk was an essential part of the Norwegian diet, the incidence of goiter decreased in the population. See also
Basil Hetzel
Lugols iodine
International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders

References
Further reading
Kotwal A, Priya R, Qadeer I (2007). "Goiter and other iodine deficiency disorders: A systematic review of epidemiological studies to deconstruct the complex web". Arch. Med. Res. 38 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2006.08.006. PMID 17174717. == External links ==