An intervention comprising exercise and diet is thus effective for the treatment of OSA as it positively impacts the severity of both obesity symptoms and OSA symptoms.Individuals with Type 2 diabetes are often co-diagnosed with OSA, where Type 2 diabetes prevalence rates range between 15% to 30% within the OSA population. The relationship between OSA and Type 2 diabetes could possibly be explained by the fact that OSA-characteristic fragmented sleep and irregular hypoxemia leads to the dysregulated metabolism of glucose in the blood. In particular, many polysomnography studies showed that OSA left untreated worsens glycemic control in individuals with Type 2 diabetes. However, it is possible that the relationship between OSA and Type 2 diabetes is bidirectional since diabetes-related nerve dysfunction may affect the respiratory system and induce breathing disturbances during sleep. Psychological consequences
Sleep is of major importance for psychological and emotional health. As it is greatly impaired in OSA, this condition is associated with mood disorders and several psychological outcomes, especially depression and anxiety. Therefore, psychological disorders are commonly observed in OSA patients who show a higher prevalence of psychological distress, mostly due to the impaired sleep quality and structure and the repeated episodes of hypoxia. The presence of psychological disorders may also worsen the sleep disorders which implies that the psychopathology may either be a factor or a consequence of the OSA.
Palatal myoclonus is a rare condition in which there are rhythmic jerky movements or a rapid spasm of the palatal (roof of the mouth) muscles. Chronic clonus is often due to lesions of the central tegmental tract (which connects the red nucleus to the ipsilateral inferior olivary nucleus).When associated with eye movements, it is known as oculopalatal myoclonus. Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms of Palatal Myoclonus include:
- A rhythmic clicking sound in the ear due to the opening and closing of the Eustachian tube.- Rhythmic, jerky movements in the face, eyeballs, tongue, jaw, vocal cord or extremities (mostly hands). Diagnosis
Classifications
physiologic, essential, epileptic, and symptomatic

Treatment
Drugs
Drugs used to treat palatal myoclonus include clonazepam, carbamazepine, baclofen, anticholinergics, tetrabenazine, valproic acid, phenytoin, lamotrigine, sumatriptan, and PIR. A rare case of palatal myoclonus that associated with orofacial buccal dystonia has been treated with Botulinum toxin A (Dysport) injection and counseling. Notes
http://www.tchain.com/otoneurology/disorders/central/opm.html
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/criot/2013/231505/
"NINDS Tremor Information Page". National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. July 20, 2007. Archived from the original on October 6, 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-08. References


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