The "Jewish Fur Trader Hypothesis," with its implication that a single mutation must have spread from one population into another, reflected the knowledge at the time. Subsequent research, however, has proven that a large variety of different HEXA mutations can cause the disease. Because Tay–Sachs was one of the first genetic disorders for which widespread genetic screening was possible, it is one of the first genetic disorders in which the prevalence of compound heterozygosity has been demonstrated.Compound heterozygosity ultimately explains the diseases variability, including the late-onset forms. The disease can potentially result from the inheritance of two unrelated mutations in the HEXA gene, one from each parent. Classic infantile Tay–Sachs disease results when a child has inherited mutations from both parents that completely stop the biodegradation of gangliosides. Late onset forms occur due to the diverse mutation base – people with Tay–Sachs disease may technically be heterozygotes, with two differing HEXA mutations that both inactivate, alter, or inhibit enzyme activity. When a patient has at least one HEXA copy that still enables some level of hexosaminidase A activity, a later onset disease form occurs. When disease occurs because of two unrelated mutations, the patient is said to be a compound heterozygote.Heterozygous carriers (individuals who inherit one mutant allele) show abnormal enzyme activity but manifest no disease symptoms. This phenomenon is called dominance; the biochemical reason for wild-type alleles dominance over nonfunctional mutant alleles in inborn errors of metabolism comes from how enzymes function.
Allopregnanolone is available only through a restricted program called the Zulresso REMS Program that requires the drug to be administered by a healthcare provider in a certified healthcare facility. The REMS requires that patients be enrolled in the program prior to administration of the drug. Dose
It is given continuously by intravenous infusion over a period of 60 hours (2.5 days). The dosage of brexanolone is progressively adjusted over a range of 30 to 90 μg/kg/hour during this period.Several warnings and precautions are addressed in a boxed warning in the drugs prescribing information. Because of the risk of serious harm due to the sudden loss of consciousness, patients must be monitored for excessive sedation and sudden loss of consciousness and have continuous pulse oximetry monitoring (monitors oxygen levels in the blood). While receiving the infusion, women must be accompanied during interactions with children. Women should be counseled on the risks of allopregnanolone treatment and instructed that they must be monitored for these effects at a healthcare facility for the entire 60 hours of infusion. Women who have received the treatment should not drive, operate machinery, or do other dangerous activities until feelings of sleepiness from the treatment have completely gone away. Available forms
Brexanolone is an aqueous mixture of synthetic allopregnanolone and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (betadex sulfobutyl ether sodium), a solubilizing agent. It is provided at an allopregnanolone concentration of 100 mg/20 mL (5 mg/mL) in single-dose vials for use by intravenous infusion.