Dystonia is a neurological hyperkinetic movement disorder  in which sustained or repetitive muscle contractions result in twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal fixed postures. The movements may resemble a tremor. Dystonia is often intensified or exacerbated by physical activity, and symptoms may progress into adjacent muscles.The disorder may be hereditary or caused by other factors such as birth-related or other physical trauma, infection, poisoning (e.g., lead poisoning) or reaction to pharmaceutical drugs, particularly neuroleptics, or stress. Treatment must be highly customized to the needs of the individual and may include oral medications, chemodenervation botulinum neurotoxin injections, physical therapy, or other supportive therapies, and surgical procedures such as deep brain stimulation. Classification
There are multiple types of dystonia, and many diseases and conditions may cause dystonia. Dystonia is classified by:

Clinical characteristics such as age of onset, body distribution, nature of the symptoms, and associated features such as additional movement disorders or neurological symptoms, and
Cause (which includes changes or damage to the nervous system and inheritance).Physicians use these classifications to guide diagnosis and treatment. Types
Generalized
Focal
Segmental
Psychogenic
Acute dystonic reaction
Vegetative-vascular

Generalized dystonias
For example, dystonia musculorum deformans (Oppenheim, Flatau-Sterling syndrome):

Normal birth history and milestones
Autosomal dominant
Childhood onset
Starts in lower limbs and spreads upwardsAlso known as torsion dystonia or idiopathic torsion dystonia (old terminology "dystonia musculorum deformans"). Focal dystonias
These most common dystonias are typically classified as follows:

The combination of blepharospasmodic contractions and oromandibular dystonia is called cranial dystonia or Meiges syndrome. Segmental dystonias
Segmental dystonias affect two adjoining parts of the body:
Hemidystonia affects an arm and foot on one side of the body.
Furthermore, infections are usually present in pediatric cases.In the last stage other symptoms may occur: hyperthermia, increased muscle tone, spastic paralysis, choreic dyskinesias and coma.Because of the frequent involvement of heart, eyes and peripheral nervous system, several authors prefer to call it Wernicke disease rather than simply encephalopathy.Early symptoms are nonspecific, and it has been stated that WE may present nonspecific findings. In Wernicke Korsakoffs syndrome some single symptoms are present in about one-third. Location of the lesion
Depending on the location of the brain lesion different symptoms are more frequent:
Brainstem tegmentum. - Ocular: pupillary changes. Extraocular muscle palsy;  gaze palsy: nystagmus. Hypothalamus. Medulla: dorsal nuc. of vagus. - Autonomic dysfunction: temperature; cardiocirculatory; respiratory. Medulla: vestibular region. Cerebellum. - Ataxia. Dorsomedial nuc. of thalamus. Mammillary bodies. - Amnestic syndrome for recent memory.Mamillary lesion are characteristic-small petechial hemorrhages are found. Diffuse cerebral dysfunction.- Altered cognition: global confusional state. Brainstem: periaqueductal gray.- Reduction of consciousness
Hypothalamic lesions may also affect the immune system, which is known in people who consume excessive amounts of alcohol, causing dysplasias and infections. Korsakoff syndrome
Korsakoff syndrome, characterised by memory impairment, confabulation, confusion and personality changes, has a strong and recognised link with WE. A very high percentage of patients with Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome also have peripheral neuropathy, and many people who consume excess alcohol have this neuropathy without other neurologic signs or symptoms. Korsakoffs occurs much more frequently in WE due to chronic alcoholism. It is uncommon among those who do not consume excessive amounts of alcohol.