a special type of cell division specific to germ cells, produces egg cells in women. During meiosis, accurate segregation of chromosomes must occur during two rounds of division to create, upon fertilisation, a zygote with a proper diploid(euploid) set of chromosomes. About half of all spontaneous abortions are aneuploid, that is, have an improper set of chromosomes. Human genetic variants that likely cause dysregulation of critical meiotic processes have been identified in 14 female infertility associated genes.A major cause of female infertility is premature ovarian insufficiency. This insufficiency is a heterogeneous disease that affects about 1% of women who are under age 40. Some instances of female infertility are caused by DNA repair dysregulation during meiosis. Diagnosis
Diagnosis of infertility begins with a medical history and physical exam. The healthcare provider may order tests, including the following:

Lab tests
Hormone testing, to measure levels of female hormones at certain times during a menstrual cycle. Day 2 or 3 measure of FSH and estrogen, to assess ovarian reserve. Measurements of thyroid function (a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level of between 1 and 2 is considered optimal for conception). Measurement of progesterone in the second half of the cycle to help confirm ovulation. Anti-Müllerian hormone to estimate ovarian reserve. Examination and imaging
An endometrial biopsy, to verify ovulation and inspect the lining of the uterus. Laparoscopy, which allows the provider to inspect the pelvic organs. Fertiloscopy, a relatively new surgical technique used for early diagnosis (and immediate treatment). Pap smear, to check for signs of infection.
Lifelong practice of safer sex reduces the likelihood that sexually transmitted diseases will impair fertility; obtaining prompt treatment for sexually transmitted diseases reduces the likelihood that such infections will do significant damage. Regular physical examinations (including pap smears) help detect early signs of infections or abnormalities. Not delaying parenthood. Fertility does not ultimately cease before menopause, but it starts declining after age 27 and drops at a somewhat greater rate after age 35. Women whose biological mothers had unusual or abnormal issues related to conceiving may be at particular risk for some conditions, such as premature menopause, that can be mitigated by not delaying parenthood. Egg freezing. A woman can freeze her eggs preserve her fertility. By using egg freezing while in the peak reproductive years, a womans oocytes are cryogenically frozen and ready for her use later in life, reducing her chances of female infertility. Treatment
There is no method to reverse advanced maternal age, but there are assisted reproductive technologies for many causes of infertility in pre-menopausal women, including:

Ovulation induction for anovulation
In vitro fertilization in for example tubal abnormalities

Epidemiology
Female infertility varies widely by geographic location around the world. In 2010, there was an estimated 48.5 million infertile couples worldwide, and from 1990 to 2010 there was little change in levels of infertility in most of the world. In 2010, the countries with the lowest rates of female infertility included the South American countries of Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia, as well as in Poland, Kenya, and Republic of Korea.