Xin Xiuming (1878–1959): Entered Emperor Puyis service in 1902; left palace service in 1911; became abbot of the Taoist temple at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery by 1930; wrote memoir Eunuchs Recollection (老太监的回忆). Sun Yaoting (1902–1996): last surviving imperial eunuch of Chinese history. See also
The dictionary definition of eunuch at Wiktionary
Nullo (body modification)

References & bibliography
Citations
Further reading
Further listening
In Our Time: The Eunuch. Presenter: Melvyn Bragg. Interviewed Guests: Karen Radner, Professor of Ancient Near Eastern History at University College London; Shaun Tougher, Reader in Ancient History at Cardiff University; Michael Hoeckelmann, British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of History at Kings College London. Producer: Thomas Morris. Broadcaster: BBC Radio 4. Date: 26 February 2015

External links

"38 rare pictures of eunuchs during Qing Dynasty". China Underground. "Born Eunuchs". Well.com. "Eunuchs in Pharaonic Egypt". well.com. "The Ancient Roman and Talmudic Definition of Natural Eunuchs". well.com. "The Eunuch Archive". eunuch.org. "The Perfect Servant: Eunuchs and the Social Construction of Gender in Byzantium". Archived from the original on 29 December 2007 – via Find Articles.
These functions are essential in properly developing the central nervous system, somites, skeletal muscles, and neural crest-derived cells that are present throughout various cell types in the body. PAX3 controls the neural crest development through regulation of c-RET, TGF-b2, and WNT1 which are essential controllers of migration and differentiation.PAX3 in combination with other transcription factors such as MITF and TRP1 can control melanocyte development. This gene also plays a major role in muscle development as it regulated myoD and myf-5, essential transcription factors in muscle development.The structure of the gene and protein are well understood in research, PAX3 consists of 10 exons and results in major proteins that has 479 amino acids. It has also been found that a majority of the mutations that occur on the PAX3 gene is located on the 2-6 exons. Heterozygous mutation is the basis of the majority of Type 1 Waardenburg Syndrome mutations. Diagnosis
Type 1 Waardenburg Syndrome is sometimes misdiagnosed as Type 2, therefore when measuring dystopia canthorum if present in a certain patient has been set in strict guidelines. There is a biometric index used as well formula to create a discriminant analysis. These measurements are based on three indices, based on the distances of the inner canthal, interpupillary, and outer canthal. This testing of the dystopia canthorum is referred to as the W index. Other features and dysfunctions are used for diagnoses such as hearing loss or pigmentation of the skin and the notable forelock that appears in the hair.