Pneumonic plague is a severe lung infection caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Symptoms include fever, headache, shortness of breath, chest pain, and coughing. They typically start about three to seven days after exposure. It is one of three forms of plague, the other two being septicemic plague and bubonic plague.The pneumonic form may occur following an initial bubonic or septicemic plague infection. It may also result from breathing in airborne droplets from another person or animal infected with pneumonic plague. The difference between the forms of plague is the location of infection; in pneumonic plague the infection is in the lungs, in bubonic plague the lymph nodes, and in septicemic plague within the blood. Diagnosis is by testing the blood, sputum, or fluid from a lymph node.While vaccines are being developed, in most countries they are not yet commercially available. Prevention is by avoiding contact with infected rodents, people, or cats. It is recommended that those infected be isolated from others. Treatment of pneumonic plague is with antibiotics.Plague is present among rodents in Africa, the Americas, and Asia. Pneumonic plague is more serious and less common than bubonic plague. The total reported number of cases of all types of plague in 2013 was 783. Left untreated, pneumonic plague is nearly always fatal. Some hypothesize that the pneumonic version of the plague was mainly responsible for the Black Death that resulted in approximately 75 - 200 million deaths in the 1300s.
Transient neonatal pustular melanosis (TNPM), also known as pustular melanosis, is a transient rash common in newborns. It is vesiculopustular and made up of 1–3 mm fluid-filled lesions that rupture, leaving behind a collarette of scale and a brown macule. [3] This rash occurs only in the newborn stage, usually appearing a few days after birth[2], but is sometimes already present at birth[3]. The rash usually fades over three to four weeks  but may linger for up to three months after birth. [3] It can occur anywhere on the body, including the palms and soles. [1][2][3]The cause of TNPM is unknown. No treatment is needed except for parental reassurance. Causes
The cause of TNPM is unknown but it is a common rash in newborns. [3]

Histopathology
Gram, Wright, or Giemsa staining of the pustular contents will show polymorphic neutrophils and occasional eosinophils. [2][3] On histopathology, the pigmented macules will show basal and supra-basal increase in pigmentation without any pigmentary incontinence. [3] Bacterial culture will be negative. [4]It has been suggested that TNPM is merely a precocious form of erythema toxicum neonatorum based on the similar histopathology. [4]

Diagnosis
Transient neonatal pustular melanosis is diagnosed clinically, based on appearance alone, with no need for special testing. Proper identification is important to distinguish it from other serious, infectious neonatal diseases[3] and to help avoid unnecessary diagnostic testing and treatments. Treatment
No treatment is needed except for parental reassurance. The rash spontaneously resolves, usually in three to four weeks,  but may linger for up to three months after birth.