Hypoplasia of the heart is generally a cyanotic heart defect. Obstructive defects
Obstructive defects occur when heart valves, arteries, or veins are abnormally narrow or blocked. Common defects include pulmonic stenosis, aortic stenosis, and coarctation of the aorta, with other types such as bicuspid aortic valve stenosis and subaortic stenosis being comparatively rare. Any narrowing or blockage can cause heart enlargement or hypertension. Septal defects
The septum is a wall of tissue which separates the left heart from the right heart. Defects in the interatrial septum or the interventricular septum allow blood to flow from the left side of the heart to the right, reducing the hearts efficiency. Ventricular septal defects are collectively the most common type of CHD, although approximately 30% of adults have a type of atrial septal defect called probe patent foramen ovale. Cyanotic defects
Cyanotic heart defects are called such because they result in cyanosis, a bluish-grey discoloration of the skin due to a lack of oxygen in the body. Such defects include persistent truncus arteriosus, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great vessels, and tricuspid atresia.
Defects
Aortic stenosis
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)
Bicuspid aortic valve
Cardiomyopathy
Complete heart block (CHB)
Dextrocardia
Double inlet left ventricle (DILV)
Double outlet right ventricle (DORV)
Ebsteins anomaly
Early Repolarization Syndrome
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)
Hypoplastic right heart syndrome (HRHS)
Mitral stenosis
Myocardial bridge
Persistent truncus arteriosus
Pulmonary atresia
Pulmonary stenosis
Rhabdomyomas (Tumors of the Heart)
Transposition of the great vessels
dextro-Transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA)
levo-Transposition of the great arteries (l-TGA)
Tricuspid atresia
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome (WPW)Some conditions affect the great vessels or other vessels in close proximity to the heart, but not the heart itself, but are often classified as congenital heart defects. Coarctation of the aorta (CoA)
Double aortic arch, aberrant subclavian artery, and other malformations of the great arteries
Interrupted aortic arch (IAA)
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Scimitar syndrome (SS)
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC)
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC)Some constellations of multiple defects are commonly found together. Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF)
Pentalogy of Cantrell
Shones syndrome/ Shones complex / Shones anomaly

Treatment
CHD may require surgery and medications. Medications include diuretics, which aid the body in eliminating water, salts, and digoxin for strengthening the contraction of the heart. This slows the heartbeat and removes some fluid from tissues. Some defects require surgical procedures to restore circulation back to normal and in some cases, multiple surgeries are needed.Interventional cardiology now offers minimally invasive alternatives to surgery for some patients. The Melody Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve (TPV), approved in Europe in 2006 and in the U.S. in 2010 under a Humanitarian Device Exemption (HDE), is designed to treat congenital heart disease patients with a dysfunctional conduit in their right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT).