Then, 10 to 20% of those develop scarring will have increased risk of hypertension in later life. Epidemiology
Urinary tract infections are the most frequent bacterial infection in women. They occur most frequently between the ages of 16 and 35 years, with 10% of women getting an infection yearly and more than 40–60% having an infection at some point in their lives. Recurrences are common, with nearly half of people getting a second infection within a year. Urinary tract infections occur four times more frequently in females than males. Pyelonephritis occurs between 20 and 30 times less frequently. They are the most common cause of hospital-acquired infections accounting for approximately 40%. Rates of asymptomatic bacteria in the urine increase with age from two to seven percent in women of child-bearing age to as high as 50% in elderly women in care homes. Rates of asymptomatic bacteria in the urine among men over 75 are between 7–10%. Asymptomatic bacteria in the urine occurs in 2% to 10% of pregnancies.Urinary tract infections may affect 10% of people during childhood. Among children, urinary tract infections are most common in uncircumcised males less than three months of age, followed by females less than one year. Estimates of frequency among children, however, vary widely. In a group of children with a fever, ranging in age between birth and two years, two to 20% were diagnosed with a UTI. History
Urinary tract infections have been described since ancient times with the first documented description in the Ebers Papyrus dated to c. 1550 BC.
Autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia, also known as Gamstorp-Wohlfart syndrome, is a rare hereditary disorder which is characterized by progressive poly-neuropathy, neuromyotonia, myokymia, pseudo-myotonia, hand-foot contractures, and abnormal neuro-myotonic/myokimic activity visible on needle EMG. According to OMIM, around 52 cases have been reported in medical literature However; new cases (mostly from Europe and North America) have been reported since 2014. Description
People with this disorder usually show the following symptoms: axonal neuropathy, atrophy (wasting/degeneration) of the muscles in the hands, feet and legs, chronic muscular weakness which is very apparent when exercise is being done, abnormal gait, high chance of accidental falls, and joint contractures, neuromyotonia, and myokymia. In some people, the axonal neuropathy ends up reducing their sensitivity to cold and hot temperatures and touch in the distal parts of the arms and legs. Some of the symptoms worsen temporarily when a person with this disorder is exposed to cold temperatures. Causes
This disorder is caused by a homozygous mutation in the HINT1 gene, in chromosome 5 (c.334 C > A, p.H112 N). Etimology
This condition was discovered in 1991 by Hahn et al., when they described two Chinese-Canadian siblings of the opposite sex.