The isoelectric shift also allows for the subcutaneous injection of a clear solution. The glycine substitution prevents deamidation of the acid-sensitive asparagine at acidic pH. In the neutral subcutaneous space, higher-order aggregates form, resulting in a slow, peakless dissolution and absorption of insulin from the site of injection. It can achieve a peakless level for at least 24 hours. Acceptance and repartition in the body
Insulin glargine is formulated at an acidic pH 4, where it is completely water-soluble. After subcutaneous injection of the acidic solute (which can cause discomfort and a stinging sensation), when a physiologic pH (approximately 7.4) is achieved the increase in pH causes the insulin to come out of solution resulting in the formation of higher order aggregates of insulin hexamers. The higher order aggregation slows the dissociation of the hexamers into insulin monomers, the functional and physiologically active unit of insulin. This gradual process ensures that small amounts of insulin glargine are released into the body continuously, giving an almost peakless profile. History
On 9 June 2000, the European Commission formally approved the launching of Lantus by Sanofi-Aventis Germany Ltd. in the entire European Union. The admission was prolonged on 9 June 2005.A three-fold more concentrated formulation, brand name "Toujeo", was introduced after FDA approval in 2015.
Steatocystoma multiplex, is a benign, autosomal dominant congenital condition resulting in multiple cysts on a persons body. Steatocystoma simplex is the solitary counterpart to steatocystoma multiplex.In steatocystoma multiplex, the tendency to develop cysts is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, so one parent can be expected to also have steatocystoma multiplex. It may also occur sporadically. Both males and females may be affected. The onset at puberty is presumably due to hormonal stimulus of the pilosebaceous unit. They most often arise on the chest and may also occur on the abdomen, upper arms, armpits and face. In some cases cysts may develop all over the body. The cysts are mostly small (2–20 mm) but they may be several centimetres in diameter. They tend to be soft to firm semi-translucent bumps, and contain an oily, yellow liquid. Sometimes a small central punctum can be identified and they may contain one or more hairs (eruptive vellus hair cysts). They may become inflamed and heal with scarring, like acne nodules (see nodulocystic acne and hidradenitis suppurativa). On inflammation they can become incredibly painful and reach sizes between 4-6cm in diameter. The area around the cyst can become red and painful to the touch; making mobility, sitting, strenuous movement or everyday activities very difficult and painful. Steatocystomas are thought to come from an abnormal lining of the passageway to the oil glands (sebaceous duct). Localised, generalised, facial, acral, and suppurative types of steatocystoma multiplex have been described. Causes
It is associated with defects in Keratin 17.