One risk of utilizing this technique is burning the skin surrounding the granuloma. Following the procedure, the naval site is cleansed, left exposed to the air and the infant is discharged. Cyrocautery is more commonly used for freezing for post hysterectomy granulation tissue. However, though more expensive and complex, cryosurgery is an effective treatment for the indication of umbilical granulomas in infants as well. Prevention
Newborn naval care
In order to reduce the possibility of an infection or inflammation at the umbilical site, the World Health Organization (WHO) has advocated for the use of dry umbilical cord care in high resource settings. Dry cord care includes keeping the newborns umbilical area clean and exposed to air or loosely covered by a clean cloth. The remainder of the umbilicus should be cleaned once daily with soap and sterile water. Chlorhexidine is recommended in substitute of sterile water for areas in which infection risks are high.Diaper positioning can also influence infection risk. Keeping the diaper area clean and reducing moisture at the site can reduce the chance of developing an infection. Aim to position the diaper by rolling the top portion down to sit under the navel, keeping the site open and exposed to air. Cord clamping technique
The incidence of umbilical granuloma may be influenced by the method of cord clamping. It has been suggested that proximal cord clamping of the umbilical cord for 24 hours reduces the chance of infection at the naval site compared to other cord clamping practices. Timing
Umbilical cord clamping timing can vary in time intervals.
Umbilical granuloma is the most common umbilical abnormality in newborn children or neonates, causing inflammation and drainage. It may appear in the first few weeks of newborn infants during the healing process of the umbilical cord due to an umbilical mass. It is the overgrowth of the umbilical tissue. It develops in about 1 out of 500 newborns. With appropriate treatment, it is expected to heal in 1~2 weeks. Causes
Following umbilical cord clamping during delivery, the umbilicus base will spontaneously separate  within 7-15 days. With routine cord care and proper hygienic conditions, the remaining umbilical base will heal and new skin tissue will form. In some instances, a mass of tissue, or granuloma, will form at the base.Umbilical granulomas occur after umbilical cord removal when the remaining ring of the umbilicus undergoes incomplete wound healing and there is excessive healing tissue, also known as granulation tissue.Delayed cord separation, mild infections and hygienic conditions are all factors which may contribute to the incidence of umbilical granuloma. Although the exact cause of umbilical granulomas is unknown, it is hypothesized that inflammation of the remaining umbilical stump drives skin cell division, resulting in a tissue mass, rather than proper healing at the site. Histophysiology
An umbilical granuloma is a physiological response which surpasses the normal processes of skin restoration following umbilical cord clamping. Once the skin lesion is formed, there is an excess of fibroblast production.