While they can be treated with benzodiazepines, these drugs are used carefully because they can depress breathing and lower blood pressure. Anti-convulsant medications have only been found to be useful for reducing the risk of an early seizure. Phenytoin and  leviteracetam appear to have similar levels of effectiveness for preventing early seizures. People with TBI are more susceptible to side effects and may react adversely to some medications. During treatment monitoring continues for signs of deterioration such as a decreasing level of consciousness.Traumatic brain injury may cause a range of serious coincidental complications that include cardiac arrhythmias and neurogenic pulmonary edema. These conditions must be adequately treated and stabilised as part of the core care. Surgery can be performed on mass lesions or to eliminate objects that have penetrated the brain. Mass lesions such as contusions or  hematomas causing a significant mass effect (shift of intracranial structures) are considered emergencies and are removed surgically. For intracranial hematomas, the collected blood may be removed using suction or forceps or it may be floated off with water. Surgeons look for hemorrhaging blood vessels and seek to control bleeding. In penetrating brain injury, damaged tissue is surgically debrided, and craniotomy may be needed. Craniotomy, in which part of the skull is removed, may be needed to remove pieces of fractured skull or objects embedded in the brain. Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is performed routinely in the very short period following TBI during operations to treat hematomas; part of the skull is removed temporarily (primary DC).
Abrasion may refer to:

Abrasion (dental), the loss of tooth structure by mechanical forces from a foreign element
Abrasion (medical), a wound consisting of superficial damage to the skin
Abrasion (mechanical), the process of scuffing, scratching, wearing down, marring, or rubbing away
Abrasion (geology), mechanical scraping of a surface by friction between moving particles

See also
Abrasion coast, a coastline that is characterised by the removal (abrasion) of material
Abrasives