A person can have ADHD but not learning disabilities or have learning disabilities without having ADHD. The conditions can co-occur.People diagnosed with ADHD sometimes have impaired learning. Some of the struggles people with ADHD have might include lack of motivation, high levels of anxiety, and the inability to process information. There are studies that suggest people with ADHD generally have a positive attitude toward academics and, with medication and developed study skills, can perform just as well as individuals without learning disabilities. Also, using alternate sources of gathering information, such as websites, study groups and learning centers, can help a person with ADHD be academically successful.Before the discovery of ADHD, it was technically included in the definition of LDs since it has a very pronounced effect on the "executive functions" required for learning. Thus historically, ADHD was not clearly distinguished from other disabilities related to learning. Therefore, when a person presents with difficulties in learning, ADHD should be considered as well. Scientific research continues to explore the traits, struggles, effective learning styles and comorbid LDs of those with ADHD. References
Further reading
Barr, S.; Eslami, Z.; Joshi, R.M. (2012). "Core strategies to support English language learners". The Educational Forum. 76: 105–117. doi:10.1080/00131725.2011.628196. S2CID 143509969. Garcia-Joslin, J.J.; Carrillo, G.L. ; Guzman, V.; Vega, D.; Plotts, C.A. ; Lasser, J. (2016). "Latino immigration: Preparing school psychologists to meet students needs". School Psychology Quarterly. 31 (2): 256–269. doi:10.1037/spq0000136. PMID 26551253. Helman, A. L.; Calhoon, M.B. ; Kern, L. (2015). "Improving science vocabulary of high school English language learners with reading disabilities".
An idioventricular rhythm is a cardiac rhythm characterized by a rate of <50 beats per minute (bpm), absence of P waves and widening of the QRS complex. In cases where the heart rate is  between 50 and 110 bpm, it is known as accelerated idioventricular rhythm and ventricular tachycardia if the rate exceeds 120 bpm. Causes of idioventricular rhythms are varied and can include drugs or a heart defect at birth. It is typically benign and not life-threatening. Etiology
Various etiologies may contribute to the formation of an idioventricular rhythm, and include:
Heart block
Reperfusion after myocardial infarction
Electrolyte abnormalities
Heart diseases present at birth
Certain drugs (eg. digoxin, β-agonists, anaesthetics)

Pathophysiology
The physiological pacemaker of the heart is the sinoatrial node. If the sinoatrial node is rendered dysfunctional, the AV node may act as the pacemaker. If both of these fail, the ventricles begin to act as the dominant pacemaker in the heart. The ventricles acting as their own pacemaker gives rise to an idioventricular rhythm. Diagnosis
An ECG trace is required for diagnosis. Treatment
As this rhythm is not life-threatening, treatment has limited value for the patient. If underlying pathologies are identified, they should be treated appropriately. Antidysrhythmics may be utilised if the patient suffers from dysrhythmias. == References ==