Vaccines
Given the fact that pigs are part of a life cycle, vaccination of pigs is another feasible intervention to eliminate cysticercosis. Research studies have been focusing on vaccine against cestode parasites, since many immune cell types are found to be capable of destroying cysticercus. Many vaccine candidates are extracted from antigens of different cestodes such as Taenia solium, T. crassiceps, T. saginata, T. ovis and target oncospheres and/or cysticerci. In 1983, Molinari et al. reported the first vaccine candidate against porcine cysticercosis using antigen from cysticercus cellulosae drawn out from naturally infected. Recently, vaccines extracted from genetically engineered 45W-4B antigens have been successfully tested to pigs in an experimental condition. This type of vaccine can protect against cysticercosis in both Chinese and Mexican type of T. solium. However, it has not been tested in endemic field conditions, which is important because the realistic condition in the field differ greatly from experimental condition, and this can result in a great difference in the chances of infection and immune reaction.Even though vaccines have been successfully generated, the feasibility of its production and usage in rural free ranging pigs still remains a challenge. If a vaccine is to be injected, the burden of work and the cost of vaccine administration to pigs will remain high and unrealistic. The incentives of using vaccines by pig owners will decrease if the vaccine administration to pigs takes time by injecting every single pig in their livestock.
Cytokine receptor-like factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRLF1 gene. Function
This gene encodes a member of the cytokine type I receptor family. The protein forms a secreted complex with cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 and acts on cells expressing ciliary neurotrophic factor receptors. The complex can promote survival of neuronal cells. Clinical significance
Mutations in this gene are associated with two conditions, both rare:

Cold-induced sweating syndrome, characterized by profuse hyperhidrosis in cold environmental temperature and characteristic craniofacial and skeletal features)
Crisponi syndrome (CS), characterized by neonatal-onset paroxysmal muscular contractions, abnormal function of the autonomic nervous system and craniofacial and skeletal manifestations such as thick and arched eyebrows, a short nose with anteverted nostrils, full cheeks, an inverted upper lip and a small mouth.It is unknown whether the two conditions are distinct clinical entities or a single clinical entity with variable expressions. Other characteristic features in CRLF1 mutation include marfanoid habitus with progressive kyphoscoliosis and craniofacial characteristics including dolichocephaly, a slender face with poor expression, a nose with hypoplastic nares, malar hypoplasia and prognathism. References
Further reading
External links
GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Cold-Induced Sweating Syndrome including Crisponi Syndrome
OMIM enries on Cold-Induced Sweating Syndrome including Crisponi Syndrome
Human CRLF1 genome location and CRLF1 gene details page  in the UCSC Genome Browser.This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.