The diagonal and vertical forms of the ellipsis are particularly useful for showing missing terms in matrices, such as the size-n identity matrix:

  
    
      
        
          I
          
            n
          
        
        =
        
          
            [
            
              
                
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                  ⋯
                
                
                  0
                
              
              
                
                  0
                
                
                  1
                
                
                  ⋯
                
                
                  0
                
              
              
                
                  ⋮
                
                
                  ⋮
                
                
                  ⋱
                
                
                  ⋮
                
              
              
                
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                  ⋯
                
                
                  1
                
              
            
            ]
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle I_{n}={\begin{bmatrix}1&0&\cdots &0\\0&1&\cdots &0\\\vdots &\vdots &\ddots &\vdots \\0&0&\cdots &1\end{bmatrix}}}

Computer science
Programming languages
A two- or three-dot ellipsis is used as an operator in some programming languages.
The study had several limitations; results were severely confounded by inherent differences between compliant and non-compliant women. == References ==