Dose calculation
Insulin dosage is given by the formula

  
    
      
        
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    {\displaystyle \mathrm {insulin} ={\frac {\mathrm {glucose} -{\mathit {TR}}}{\mathit {CF}}}+{\frac {\mathrm {carbohydrates} }{\mathit {KF}}}={\frac {{({\mathit {KF}}}\times (\mathrm {glucose} -{\mathit {TR}}))+({\mathit {CF}}\times \mathrm {carbohydrates} )}{{\mathit {CF}}\times {\mathit {KF}}}}}
  based on the persons blood glucose and carbohydrate intake and these constants:

TR = target rate
CF = corrective factor
KF = carbohydrate factorBlood glucose and target rate are expressed in mg/dL or mmol/L.
In Europe, people who are not familiar with the DAFNE regime can take an educational course where the basic starting insulin dose guideline is "for every 10g of carbohydrates you eat, take 1 unit of insulin". DAFNE courses also cover topics that naturally work alongside this regime, such as blood glucose monitoring, exercise and carbohydrate estimation to help the person work out their personal control requirements. People can also use their total daily dose (TDD) of insulin to estimate how many grams of carbohydrates will be "covered" by 1 unit of insulin, and using this result, estimate how many units of insulin should be administered depending on the carbohydrate content of their meal. For example, if the person determines that 1 unit of insulin will cover 15 grams of carbohydrates, then they must administer 5 units of insulin before consuming a meal that contains 75 grams of carbohydrates. Some alternative methods also consider the protein content of the meal (since excess dietary protein can be converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis). With DAFNE, most dosages involve a fair degree of guesswork, especially with non-labeled foods, and will only work fairly consistently from one dosage to the next if the person is aware of their bodys requirements. For example, a person finds they can take 1 unit of insulin to 10g of carbohydrates in the morning and the evening, but find that their body requires more insulin for a meal in the middle of the day so they have to adjust to 1 unit per 8.5g of carbohydrates.