Additionally, the number of keratin-10 positive cells and HLA-DR expression was higher as compared to psoriasis. In ILVEN without associated psoriasis all T-cell subsets and cells expressing NK receptors were reduced as compared to psoriasis, except for CD45RA+ cells. In particular the density of CD8+, CD45RO+ and CD2+, CD94 and CD161 showed a marked difference between ILVEN without psoriasis and psoriasis itself. T cells relevant in the pathogenesis of psoriasis are markedly reduced in ILVEN without psoriasis as compared to psoriasis. Treatment
Reported treatments include topical agents, dermabrasion, cryotherapy, laser therapy, and surgical excision. These therapies have a high failure rate because of incomplete relief of symptoms, scarring, or recurrence. Though similar in appearance, ILVEN will not respond to therapies known to affect psoriasis. ILVEN can be very difficult to live with but can be treated. The most effective method is full-thickness excision of the lesion. CO2 Laser Surgery can resurface the skin to give a flat, smoother and more normal appearance, but does not remove the lesion. History
The condition later known as ILVEN was first described by Paul Gerson Unna in 1896. ILVEN appears very similar to psoriasis. However, it was not until 1971 that the disorder was described and clearly defined as a distinct entity by Altman and Mehregan in a case study of 25 patients. The Dupre and Christol described histopathological criteria in 1977. Epidemiology
ILVEN usually appears in infancy or early childhood. The condition is very rarely begun in adulthood. ILVEN occurs predominantly in females (female-male ratio, 4:1) with no racial predominance.
Safety and ecotoxicology
Spinosad has high efficacy, a broad insect pest spectrum, low mammalian toxicity, and a good environmental profile, a unique feature of the insecticide compared to others currently used for the protection of grain products. It is regarded as natural product-based, and approved for use in organic agriculture by numerous national and international certifications. Spinosad residues are highly stable on grains stored in bins, with protection ranging from 6 months to 2 years.Ecotoxicology parameters have been reported for spinosad, and are:
in rat (Rattus norvegicus (Bergenhout, 1769)), acute oral: LD50 >5000 mg/kg (nontoxic)
in rat (R. norvegicus), acute dermal: LD50 >2000 mg/kg (nontoxic)
in California quail (Callipepla californica (Shaw, 1798)), oral toxicity: LD50 >2000 mg/kg (nontoxic)
in duck (Anas platyrhynchos domestica (Linnaeus, 1758)), dietary toxicity: LC50 >5000 mg/kg (nontoxic)
in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)), LC50-96h = 30.0 mg/L (slightly toxic)
in Honeybee (Apis mellifera (Linnaeus, 1758)), LD50 = 0.0025 mg/bee (highly toxic if directly sprayed on and of dried residues).Chronic exposure studies failed to induce tumor formation in rats and mice; mice given up to 51 mg/kg/day for 18 months resulted in no tumor formation. Similarly, administration of 25 mg/kg/day to rats for 24 months did not result in tumor formation. Further reading
The non‐target impact of spinosyns on beneficial arthropods
Spinosad toxicity to pollinators and associated risk

References
External links
"Spinosad". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Monograph