For example, certain Nigerian populations do not show the relationship between dose of APOEε4 and incidence or age-of-onset for Alzheimers disease seen in other human populations.Alleles in the TREM2 gene have been associated with a 3 to 5 times higher risk of developing Alzheimers disease.A Japanese pedigree of familial Alzheimers disease was found to be associated with a deletion mutation of codon 693 of APP. This mutation and its association with Alzheimers disease was first reported in 2008, and is known as the Osaka mutation. Only homozygotes with this mutation have an increased risk of developing Alzheimers disease. This mutation accelerates Aβ oligomerization but the proteins do not form the amyloid fibrils that aggregate into amyloid plaques, suggesting that it is the Aβ oligomerization rather than the fibrils that may be the cause of this disease. Mice expressing this mutation have all the usual pathologies of Alzheimers disease. Other hypotheses
The tau hypothesis proposes that tau protein abnormalities initiate the disease cascade. In this model, hyperphosphorylated tau begins to pair with other threads of tau as paired helical filaments. Eventually, they form neurofibrillary tangles inside nerve cell bodies. When this occurs, the microtubules disintegrate, destroying the structure of the cells cytoskeleton which collapses the neurons transport system.A number of studies connect the misfolded amyloid beta and tau proteins associated with the pathology of Alzheimers disease, as bringing about oxidative stress that leads to chronic inflammation. Sustained inflammation (neuroinflammation) is also a feature of other neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinsons disease, and ALS.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis for argininemia can usually be done using fetal blood sample. One can look for the following indicators as to the presence of the condition:
Plasma ammonia concentration. Urinary orotic acid concentration
Red blood cell arginase enzyme activity (measurement)

Treatment
The treatment for infants (individuals) with argininemia is the following, including medications:

References
Further reading
(editors), Jean-Marie Saudubray, Georges van den Berghe, John H. Walter; Berghe, Georges van den; Walter, John H. (2012). Inborn metabolic diseases diagnosis and treatment (5th ed.). Berlin: Springer. ISBN 9783642157202. Retrieved 28 November 2016. {{cite book}}: |last1= has generic name (help)
Piña-Garza, J. Eric (2013). Fenichels Clinical pediatric neurology a signs and symptoms approach (7th ed.). Oxford: Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748129. Retrieved 28 November 2016. == External links ==