Tangier disease  or hypoalphalipoproteinemia is an extremely rare inherited disorder characterized by a severe reduction in the amount of high density lipoprotein (HDL), often referred to as "good cholesterol", in the bloodstream. Worldwide, approximately 100 cases have even been identified.The disorder was originally discovered on Tangier Island off the coast of Virginia, but has now been identified in people from many different countries. Signs and symptoms
Individuals that are homozygotes for Tangiers disease develop various cholesterol ester depositions. These are especially visible in the tonsils, as they may appear yellow/orange. The cholesterol esters may also be found in lymph nodes, bone marrow, the liver and spleen.Due to the cholesterol ester depositions the tonsils may be enlarged. Hepatosplenomegaly (enlarged liver and spleen) is common.Neuropathy and cardiovascular disease are the most devastating developments caused by Tangiers disease. Genetics
Mutations to chromosome 9q31 lead to a defective ABCA1 transporter. These mutations prevent the ABCA1 protein from effectively transporting cholesterol and phospholipids out of cells for pickup by ApoA1 in the bloodstream. This inability to transport cholesterol out of cells leads to a deficiency of high-density lipoproteins in the circulation, which is a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Additionally, the buildup of cholesterol in cells can be toxic, causing cell death or impaired function. These combined factors lead to the signs and symptoms of Tangier disease.This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning that for the phenotype to appear, two copies of the gene must be present in the genotype.
Some bowlers can perform the required bowling action legally, whilst others cannot do so without throwing, which is often ascribed to physiological differences. Dorothy
rhyming slang for six, referring to the author Dorothy Dix. Dot ball
a delivery bowled without any runs scored off it, so called because it is recorded in the score book with a single dot. Double
normally the scoring of a 1000 runs and the taking of 100 wickets in the same season. Down the pitch
(also down the wicket)
referring to the motion of a batsman towards the bowler prior to or during the delivery, made in the hope of turning a good length ball into a half-volley. Drag
before the current "front foot rule" was introduced, bowlers had to release the ball with the rear foot behind the bowling crease; there were instances of bowlers (especially Gordon Rorke) managing to "drag" the rear foot forward before release and not being no-balled. Draw
1.  a result in timed matches where the team batting last are not all out, but fail to exceed their opponents total. Not to be confused with a tie, in which the side batting last is all out or run out of overs with the scores level. 2.  an antiquated stroke that has fallen into disuse, it was originally a deliberate shot that resembled the French cut – the ball being played between ones own legs. Draw stumps
Declare the game, or a days play, over; a reference to withdrawing the stumps from the ground by the umpire.