Trishna and Krishna from Bangladesh born in December 2006, joined on the tops of their skulls and sharing a small amount of brain tissue. In 2009, they were separated in Melbourne, Australia. Ganga and Jamuna Shreshta, born in Kathmandu, Nepal in 2000, were successfully separated by Dr. Chumpon Chan and his team from the Singapore General Hospital in 2001
Rital and Ritaj Gaboura of Sudan, were separated at 11 months old in 2011 at the Great Ormond Street Hospital in London. As of 2019 they lived in Ireland. Jadon and Anias McDonald were separated at 13 months old in 2016 in a crowdfunded operation costing $2.5million (USD) at Montefiore Hospital in New York. Maria Ysadora and Maria Ysabelle, born in July 2016, were successfully separated on October 27, 2018, after a five-step surgery in São Paulo, Brazil by a multidisciplinary team of neurosurgeons and plastic surgeons led by Helio Machado and James Tait Goodrich. Safa and Marwa Bibi, born in Peshawar, Pakistan, on January 7, 2017, were separated in February 2019 during the third of three surgeries. Erin and Abby Delaney, born on July 24, 2016 in North Carolina, were successfully separated by a team led by Dr. Jesse Taylor and Dr. Gregory Heuer at the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia on June 6, 2017. Jaga and Kalia, twins from Odisha, India, were separated successfully in September 2017 at All India Institutes of Medical Sciences in New Delhi and kept at SCB Medical College for monitoring.
Another study found that for craniopagus twins, their connection to each other is comparable to our normal appendages and that their bodies have obvious overlapping physically and psychologically. Because most cases of craniopagus twins are unique, the research outlining general connections between craniopagus twins is limited. However, this example provides insight into the effects of a union between twins who essentially share the same sensory relay system in the thalamus. History
Conjoined twinning is one of the oldest known birth defects in history and examples with humans fascination with twins is extremely evident throughout historical literature. Although there are cases of conjoined twins dating back to as early as the 10th century, it was not until 1491 that the first case was documented. Apart from that, Sebastian Münster’s Cosmographia universalis provides the true first account of craniopagus twins who happened to live for ten years, exceeding many expectations during that time. He describes the set of twins as being a unique malformation and a punishment from their mothers mistake. In French barber surgeon Ambroise Paré’s 16th-century book, On Monsters and Marvels, various types of "supernatural" twinning are illustrated and described as "monstrous and marvelous creatures that proceed from the judgment of God", suggesting that conjoined twins and specifically craniopagus twins were viewed as literal monsters in the 16th century. See also
Conjoined twins
Parasitic twin
Twin

References


== External links ==