As with all volunteer surveys and sexual ones in particular, these studies have a potential for self-selection bias.Medical research suggests that some zoophiles only become aroused by a specific species (such as horses), some zoophiles become aroused by multiple species (which may or may not include humans), and some zoophiles are not attracted to humans at all. Historical and cultural perspectives
Instances of this behavior have been found in the Bible. In a cave painting from at least 8000 BC in the Northern Italian Val Camonica a man is shown about to penetrate an animal. Raymond Christinger interprets that as a show of power of a tribal chief, and so we do not know if this practice was then more acceptable, and if the scene depicted was usual or unusual or whether it was symbolic or imaginary. The "Cambridge Illustrated History of Prehistoric Art" says the scene may be humorous, as the penetrating man seems to be waving cheerfully with his hand at the same time. Potters seem to have spent time depicting the practice, but this may be because they found the idea amusing. Dr "Jacobus X", said to be the pen name of a French author, said this was clearly "before any known taboos against sex with animals existed". Marc Epprecht states that authors such as Jacobus X do not deserve respect because their methodology is based on hearsay, and was designed for voyeuristic titillation of the reader.
Braak stages I and II are used when NFT involvement is confined mainly to the transentorhinal region of the brain, stages III and IV when theres also involvement of limbic regions such as the hippocampus, and V and VI when theres extensive neocortical involvement. This should not be confused with the degree of senile plaque involvement, which progresses differently. Other diseases
Primary age-related tauopathy (PART) dementia, with NFTs similar to AD, but without amyloid plaques. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)
Corticobasal degeneration (CBD)
Frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17)
Vacuolar tauopathy
Lytico-bodig disease (Parkinson-dementia complex of Guam)
Ganglioglioma and gangliocytoma
Meningioangiomatosis
Postencephalitic parkinsonism
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
As well as lead encephalopathy, tuberous sclerosis, Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, and lipofuscinosisIn both Picks disease and corticobasal degeneration, tau proteins are deposited as inclusion bodies within swollen or "ballooned" neurons.Argyrophilic grain disease (AGD), another type of dementia, is marked by an abundance of argyrophilic grains and coiled bodies upon microscopic examination of brain tissue. Some consider it to be a type of Alzheimers disease. It may co-exist with other tauopathies such as progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration, and also Picks disease.Tauopathies are often overlapped with synucleinopathies, possibly due to interaction between the synuclein and tau proteins.The non-Alzheimers tauopathies are sometimes grouped together as "Picks complex" due to their association with frontotemporal dementia, or frontotemporal lobar degeneration. See also
Proteopathy

References


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