Unless high-risk markers are present, such as diabetes in patients aged over 40, peripheral arterial disease; or a risk of coronary heart disease greater than 2 percent yearly, most health societies do not recommend the test as a routine procedure.Absolute contraindications to cardiac stress test include:

Acute myocardial infarction within 48 hours
Unstable angina not yet stabilized with medical therapy
Uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia, which may have significant hemodynamic responses (e.g. ventricular tachycardia)
Severe symptomatic aortic stenosis, aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, and pericarditis
Multivessel coronary artery diseases that have a high risk of producing an acute myocardial infarction
Decompensated or inadequately controlled congestive heart failure
Uncontrolled hypertension (blood pressure>200/110mm Hg)
Severe pulmonary hypertension
Acute aortic dissection
Acutely ill for any reasonIndications for termination:
A cardiac stress test should be terminated before completion under the following circumstances:Absolute indications for termination include:

Systolic blood pressure decreases by more than 10 mmHg with increase in work rate, or drops below baseline in the same position, with other evidence of ischemia. Increase in nervous system symptoms: Dizziness, ataxia or near syncope
Moderate to severe anginal pain (above 3 on standard 4-point scale)
Signs of poor perfusion, e.g. cyanosis or pallor
Request of the test subject
Technical difficulties (e.g. difficulties in measuring blood pressure or EGC)
ST Segment elevation of more than 1 mm in aVR, V1 or non-Q wave leads
Sustained ventricular tachycardiaRelative indications for termination include:

Systolic blood pressure decreases by more than 10 mmHg with increase in work rate, or drops below baseline in the same position, without other evidence of ischemia. ST or QRS segment changes, e.g.
Spondylopathies are disorders of the vertebrae. When involving inflammation, it can be called spondylitis. In contrast, a spondyloarthropathy is a condition involving the vertebral joints, but many conditions involve both spondylopathy and spondyloarthropathy. Examples include ankylosing spondylitis and spondylosis. See also
Dorsopathies
Spondyloarthropathy
Spondylolisthesis
Spondylosis
Spondylitis
Spondylolysis

References


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