Uveitis () is the inflammation of the uvea, the pigmented layer that lies between the inner retina and the outer fibrous layer composed of the sclera and cornea. The uvea consists of the middle layer of pigmented vascular structures of the eye and includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Uveitis is described anatomically, by the part of the eye affected, as anterior, intermediate or posterior, from front to back. In the panuveitic form, all parts are involved. The most common form is the anterior one. Symptoms include pain, floaters and blurred vision, and clinical examination may show redness and an irregular pupil, while ophthalmic examination shows dilated ciliary blood vessels and the presence of cells in the anterior chamber. Uveitis may arise spontaneously and associated with some genetic factors, or be associated with a wide range of conditions including autoimmune disease and infections. While the eye is a relatively protected environment, its immune mechanisms may be overcome resulting in inflammation and tissue destruction associated with T-cell activation. The incidence is approximately 1:4500, most commonly between the ages of 20–60. Uveitis is an ophthalmic emergency and requires a thorough examination by an ophthalmologist or optometrist, including dilation of the pupil to allow better visualisation. Urgent treatment is required to control the inflammation. Further procedures may be required to identify any underlying disease. Treatment usually involves the use of steroids, most commonly as eye drops. Any underlying disease, for instance herpes zoster (shingles) will also require treatment.
In descending perineum syndrome the anal canal is situated several cm below this imaginary line, or it descends 3–4 cm during straining. Defecography may also demonstrate abnormal perineal descent. Treatment
Surgical treatments may be used to treat the condition, and include retro-rectal levatorplasty, post-anal repair, retro-anal levator plate myorrhaphy. Epidemiology
The condition mainly occurs in women, and it is thought by some to be one of the main defects encountered problem in perineology. == References ==