Another 2014 review concluded that vitamin D3 may decrease the risk of death from cancer (one fewer death in 150 people treated over 5 years), but concerns with the quality of the data were noted.Beta-Carotene supplementation increases lung cancer rates in those who are high risk. Folic acid supplementation is not effective in preventing colon cancer and may increase colon polyps. Selenium supplementation has not been shown to reduce the risk of cancer. Vaccination
Vaccines have been developed that prevent infection by some carcinogenic viruses. Human papillomavirus vaccine (Gardasil and Cervarix) decrease the risk of developing cervical cancer. The hepatitis B vaccine prevents infection with hepatitis B virus and thus decreases the risk of liver cancer. The administration of human papillomavirus and hepatitis B vaccinations is recommended where resources allow. Screening
Unlike diagnostic efforts prompted by symptoms and medical signs, cancer screening involves efforts to detect cancer after it has formed, but before any noticeable symptoms appear. This may involve physical examination, blood or urine tests or medical imaging.Cancer screening is not available for many types of cancers. Even when tests are available, they may not be recommended for everyone. Universal screening or mass screening involves screening everyone. Selective screening identifies people who are at higher risk, such as people with a family history. Several factors are considered to determine whether the benefits of screening outweigh the risks and the costs of screening.
Alendronic acid, sold under the brand name Fosamax among others, is a bisphosphonate medication used to treat osteoporosis and Pagets disease of bone. It is taken by mouth. Use is often recommended together with vitamin D, calcium supplementation, and lifestyle changes.Common side effects (1 to 10% of patients) include constipation, abdominal pain, nausea, and acid reflux. Use is not recommended during pregnancy or in those with poor kidney function. Alendronic acid works by decreasing the activity of cells that break down bone.Alendronic acid was first described in 1978 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1995. It is available as a generic medication. In 2019, it was the 96th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 7 million prescriptions. Medical uses
Prevention and treatment of female osteoporosis
Treatment of male osteoporosis
Prevention and treatment of corticosteroid-associated osteoporosis together with supplements of calcium and vitamin D
Pagets disease

Contraindications
Alendronate should not be used in:

Acute inflammations of the gastrointestinal tract (esophagitis, gastritis, ulcerations)
Clinically manifested osteomalacia
Certain malformations and malfunctions of the esophagus (strictures, achalasia)
Inability to stand, walk, or sit for 30 minutes after oral administration
Renal impairment or chronic kidney disease as evidenced by a creatinine clearance below 30ml/min
Hypersensitivity to alendronate or another ingredient in the product
Hypocalcemia
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Patients below 18 yrs. of age, as no clinical data exists for this population

Side effects
Gastrointestinal tract:
Ulceration and possible rupture of the esophagus; this may require hospitalization and intensive treatment. Gastric and duodenal ulceration may also occur.