See also
Voodoo death

References
External links

Syncope (medicine) at Curlie
2004 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on Management (Diagnosis and Treatment) of Syncope
2017 American College of Cardiology Guideline
Tilt table test
The San Francisco syncope rule
"Fainting". MedlinePlus. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
It is not recommended in people with lupus erythematosus. Use during pregnancy may result in harm to the baby. Penicillamine works by binding heavy metals; the resulting penicillamine–metal complexes are then removed from the body in the urine.Bone marrow suppression, dysgeusia, anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea are the most common side effects, occurring in ~20–30% of the patients treated with penicillamine.Other possible adverse effects include:

Nephropathy
Hepatotoxicity
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Aplastic anemia (idiosyncratic)
Antibody-mediated myasthenia gravis and Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome, which may persist even after its withdrawal
Drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus
Elastosis perforans serpiginosa
Toxic myopathies
Unwanted breast growth
Oligospermia

Chemistry
Penicillamine is a trifunctional organic compound, consisting of a thiol, an amine, and a carboxylic acid. It is structurally similar to the α-amino acid cysteine, but with geminal dimethyl substituents α to the thiol. Like most amino acids, it is a colorless solid that exists in the zwitterionic form at physiological pH. Penicillamine is a chiral drug with one stereogenic center and exist as a pair of enantiomers. Refer the image for the structure of penicillamine enantiomers. The (S)-enantiomer, the eutomer, is antiarthritic while the distomer (R)-penicillamine is extremely toxic. Of its two enantiomers, L-penicillamine (having R absolute configuration) is toxic because it inhibits the action of pyridoxine (also known as vitamin B6). That enantiomer is a metabolite of penicillin but has no antibiotic properties itself. A variety of penicillamine–copper complex structures are known. History
John Walshe first described the use of penicillamine in Wilsons disease in 1956.