Prevalence of clinical symptoms suggestive of KBD reaches 100% in 5- to 15-year-old children in at least one village. Prevalence rates of over 50% are not uncommon. A clinical prevalence survey carried out in Lhasa prefecture yielded a figure of 11.4% for a study population of approximately 50,000 inhabitants. As in other regions of China, farmers are by far the most affected population group. Eponymy
The condition was named after Russian military physicians Evgeny Vladimirovich Bek (1865–1915) and Nicolai Ivanowich Kashin (1825–1872). Because of varied transliteration from Cyrillic script into the Latin script of both German orthography and English orthography, the disease name has been spelled variously as Kashin–Beck disease, Kashin-Bek disease, and Kaschin-Beck disease. The noneponymous names endemic osteoarthritis, osteoarthritis deformans endemica, and osteoarthritis deformans have also been used. See also
Iodine deficiency in China

References
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Kashin–Beck disease
Medications
Pain medication, such as NSAIDs and acetaminophen (paracetamol), can help reduce the pain associated with a sore throat. Aspirin may be used in adults, but is not recommended in children due to the risk of Reye syndrome. Steroids (such as dexamethasone) may be useful for severe pharyngitis. Their general use, however, is poorly supported. Viscous lidocaine relieves pain by numbing the mucous membranes. Antibiotics are useful if a bacterial infection is the cause of the sore throat. For viral infections, antibiotics have no effect. In the United States, they are used in 25% of people before a bacterial infection has been detected. Oral analgesic solutions, the active ingredient is usually phenol, but also less commonly benzocaine, cetylpyridinium chloride, and/or menthol. Chloraseptic and Cepacol are two examples of brands of these kinds of analgesics. Alternative
Gargling salt water is often suggested, but there is no evidence to support or discourage this practice. Alternative medicines are promoted and used for the treatment of sore throats. However, they are poorly supported by evidence. Epidemiology
Acute pharyngitis is the most common cause of a sore throat and, together with cough, it is diagnosed in more than 1.9 million people a year in the United States. References


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