The medication is known to be an antioxidant, and oxidative stress has been hypothesized to be part of the process that kills neurons in people with ALS.The half-life of edaravone is 4.5 to 6 hours and the half-lives of its metabolites are 2 to 3 hours. It is metabolized to a sulfate conjugate and a glucuronide conjugate, neither of which are active. It is primarily excreted in urine as the glucuronide conjugate form. History
Researchers first developed the free radical scavenger edaravone in late 1980s as a treatment for stroke. The approach, introduced by Koji Abe, now at Okayama University Hospital in Japan, aimed to prevent the swelling of the brain which may occur after a stroke.It has been marketed in Japan by Mitsubishi Pharma for stroke since 2001 and is now generic.Mitsubishi Tanabe started a phase III clinical trial in ALS in 2011, in Japan, and by June 2015, it had been approved for that use in Japan. The company had received Orphan Drug Designation for edaravone from the FDA and EU by 2016.It was approved for ALS in the US in 2017, based on a small randomized controlled clinical trial with people who had early-stage ALS in Japan, who were administered the medication for 6 months; it had failed two earlier trials in people with all stages of ALS.In May 2017, I.V. edaravone was approved by the FDA to treat people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the United States.
In the US the medication was approved for all people with ALS but it was unclear at approval whether insurers would agree to pay for the medication for all people with ALS, or only people in the early stages of the disease. There are three filed trials for edaravone, demonstrating it may work in less than 5% of all ALS population. Brand names
Brand names include Radicut, ラジカット, Radicava, Xavron. References
Further reading
Yoshino H (March 2019). "Edaravone for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Expert Rev Neurother. 19 (3): 185–193. doi:10.1080/14737175.2019.1581610. PMID 30810406. S2CID 73490631. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (April 2019). Pharmacoeconomic Review Report: Edaravone (Radicava): (Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation). CADTH Common Drug Reviews. PMID 31211530. NBK542526. External links
"Edaravone". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.