In patients with phantom limb pain, the reorganization was great enough to cause a change in cortical lip representation into the hand areas only during lip movements. It has also been found that there is a high correlation between the magnitude of phantom limb pain and the extent to which the shift of the cortical representation of the mouth into the hand area in motor and somatosensory cortical reorganization has occurred. Additionally, as phantom pains in upper extremity amputees increased, there was a higher degree of medial shift of the facial motor representation. There are multiple theories that try to explain how cortical remapping occurs in amputees, but none have been supported to a great extent. The neuromatrix
The neuromatrix theory proposes that there is an extensive network connecting the thalamus and the cortex, and the cortex and the limbic system. It is a theory that extends beyond body schema theory and incorporates the conscious awareness of oneself. This theory proposes that conscious awareness and the perception of self are generated in the brain via patterns of input that can be modified by different perceptual inputs. The network is genetically predetermined, and is modified throughout one’s lifetime by various sensory inputs to create a neurosignature. It is the neurosignature of a specific body part that determines how it is consciously perceived. The input systems contributing to the neurosignature are primarily the somatosensory, limbic, and thalamocortical systems. The neuromatrix theory aims to explain how certain activities associated with pain lead to the conscious perception of phantom pain.
Panophthalmitis is the inflammation of all coats of the animal eye including intraocular structures. It can be caused by infection, particularly from Pseudomonas species, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium species, Whipples disease, and also fungi. It can also be cause by other stress. References
Further reading
Font, R. L. (1967). "Endogenous Mycotic Panophthalmitis Caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis". Archives of Ophthalmology. 77 (2): 217–22. doi:10.1001/archopht.1967.00980020219012. ISSN 0003-9950. PMID 6019015. Chawla, Rohan, et al. "Case report of tuberculous panophthalmitis." Medical Science Monitor 10.10 (2004): CS57-CS59. == External links ==