The dissociative anesthetic ketamine is theoretically useful if intubation and mechanical ventilation is needed in people who are approaching respiratory arrest; however, there is no evidence from clinical trials to support this. For those with severe persistent asthma not controlled by inhaled corticosteroids and LABAs, bronchial thermoplasty may be an option. It involves the delivery of controlled thermal energy to the airway wall during a series of bronchoscopies. While it may increase exacerbation frequency in the first few months it appears to decrease the subsequent rate. Effects beyond one year are unknown. Monoclonal antibody injections such as mepolizumab, dupilumab, or omalizumab may be useful in those with poorly controlled atopic asthma. However, as of 2019 these medications are expensive and their use is therefore reserved for those with severe symptoms to achieve cost-effectiveness. Monoclonal antibodies targeting interleukin-5 (IL-5) or its receptor (IL-5R), including mepolizumab, reslizumab or benralizumab, in addition to standard care in severe asthma is effective in reducing the rate of asthma exacerbations. There is limited evidence for improved health-related quality of life and lung function. Evidence suggests that sublingual immunotherapy in those with both allergic rhinitis and asthma improve outcomes. It is unclear if non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in children is of use as it has not been sufficiently studied. Alternative medicine
Many people with asthma, like those with other chronic disorders, use alternative treatments; surveys show that roughly 50% use some form of unconventional therapy. There is little data to support the effectiveness of most of these therapies.
Parapsoriasis refers to one of a group of skin disorders that are characterized primarily by their resemblance to psoriasis (red, scaly lesions), rather than by their underlying cause. Neoplasms can develop from parapsoriasis. For example, it can develop into cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The word "parapsoriasis" was formed in 1902. Classification
The parapsoriasis groups, described and debated for nearly a century, has spawned a confusing nomenclature. There are some authors who prefer to limit the term "parapsoriasis" to large- and small-plaque variants only. However, the following classification scheme is now generally accepted:: 450 
Large-plaque parapsoriasis
Small-plaque parapsoriasis
Pityriasis lichenoides
Pityriasis lichenoides chronica
Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta
Lymphomatoid papulosis

See also
Poikiloderma vasculare atrophicans
List of cutaneous conditions

References


== External links ==