Antibiotics may be prescribed if the PND is the result of bacterial sinusitis. In cases where PND is caused by allergic rhinitis or irritant rhinitis, avoidance of allergens or irritating factors such as dander, cigarette smoke, and cleaning supplies may be beneficial. Antihistamines are particularly useful for allergic rhinitis, and it may be beneficial in some cases of non-allergic rhinitis. First-generation antihistamines such as chlorpheniramine and clemastine are more potent but have greater sedatory effects; later-generation antihistamines may be used to reduce these effects. Azelastine, a topical antihistamine, is approved for both allergic and non-allergic rhinitis due to its unique anti-inflammatory effects separate from its histamine receptor antagonism.Intranasal steroids may also be beneficial in patients who do not respond to antihistamines. In one meta-analysis, intranasal steroids were shown to improve symptoms of non-allergic rhinitis at four weeks better than a placebo. Decongestants such as pseudoephedrine can tighten blood vessels of the nasal mucosa and result in a decrease in mucus production. Anticholinergics such as ipratropium bromide can help reduce secretions by blocking parasympathetic effects on the nasal mucosa.Other methods, such as drinking warm fluids and using saline nasal irrigation, may be useful for managing symptoms of PND but its exact efficacy is unclear in medical literature. Epidemiology
Because PND is often characterized as a "symptom" rather than a separate condition, the exact incidence is unknown and varies by its etiology. Chronic rhinitis, which includes allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, can affect 30-40% of the population. Non-allergic rhinitis is more common in females than in males.
As a result, the World Health Organization currently takes into account both molecular genetics and morphology to classify rhabdomyosarcoma into the embryonal, alveolar, spindle cell/sclerosing, and pleomorphic subtypes.When examining Embroynal Rhabdomyosarcoma tumors vs. Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma tumors, a 2013 study had discovered that there were more rates of mutation in ERMS tumors. The study had use whole genome sequencing to sequence the DNA from 16 RMS tumors and found that RAS pathway mutations tend to be more associated with intermediate and high risk embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma. Additionally, Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma tends to be more common in males versus females, with an occurrence of 1.4:1. Histology
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma has been informally classified as a "small round blue cell tumor" because of the characteristic microscopic appearance of its cells after histological staining with hematoxylin and eosin. Histologically, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma commonly presents as alternating loose and dense patches of cells, including round cell and spindle cell components. The heterogenous structure resembles striated muscle at various embryonal developmental stages. Location
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma can develop in soft tissues throughout the body, however, it is commonly found in the "head and neck area or in the genital or urinary organs"  The botryoid variant of ERMS occurs in mucosal-lined organs such as the common bile duct, bladder, and vagina. The etymology for this variant name comes from "grape clusters", referring to the gross appearance of grape-like masses. Epidemiology of RMS
RMS has a higher incidence of affecting males compared to females.