The first occurrence of a clinical event characteristic of MS in nearly half of the children examined was 2 years, though in a majority of cases, radiologic evolution, i.e. the increase in the number of size of lesions as detected in subsequent MRI, developed after one year. The presence of oligoclonal bands in the CSF and spinal cord lesions were associated with an increased risk of a first clinical event characteristic of MS. It was found that children with RIS had a substantial risk of subsequent clinical symptoms and/or radiologic evolution. Research directions
Calls have been made for longer prospective studies, tracking the development of potential disease progression over a longer period of time are warranted. This would ensure criteria in RIS is satisfactory and whether consideration should be given to treating individuals with RIS on current MS medication.RIS has been linked to prodromal multiple sclerosis. Etymology
The acronym RIS was coined in 2009 by Okuda and colleagues. Siva and colleagues suggested an alternate name, radiologically uncovered asymptomatic possible inflammatory-demyelinating disease (RAPIDD). == References ==
Ischial bursitis (also known as weavers bottom) is inflammation of the synovial bursa located between gluteus maximus muscle and ischial tuberosity. Signs and symptoms
Ischial bursitis causes pain down the posterior aspect of the upper thigh. There may be pain over the ischial tuberosity. Chronic ischial bursitis may cause paraesthesia. This pain may become immediately more severe when sitting down. Cause
Ischial bursitis is usually caused by prolonged sitting on a hard surface. It may also be related to ischial apophysitis, which may be caused by exercise, particularly in young and athletic patients. Mechanism
The ischial bursa is a synovial bursa located between gluteus maximus muscle and ischial tuberosity. When in a seated position, the ischial bursa is put under the highest amount of pressure, which is most significant against a hard surface.Friction from exercise can lead to inflammation of the ischial bursa, known as bursitis. Diagnosis
Ischial bursitis is usually diagnosed clinically based on symptoms. An x-ray (using injected contrast agent) may be used to identify the formation of calluses. Treatment
Ischial bursitis is usually treated conservatively. Lifestyle changes may be advised, avoiding certain exercises and sitting on hard surfaces. Analgesics, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, may be used relieve pain.Ischial bursitis may be treated with medical and surgical interventions if it is persistent or particularly severe. Analgesics, anaesthetics, or triamcinolone may be injected to relive pain. Epidemiology
Ischial bursitis is a fairly rare illness. When a patient presents with symptoms, other conditions such as a spinal disc herniation may be considered.