Many other factors also affect nerve recovery. The use of autologous nerve grafting procedures that involve redirection of regenerative donor nerve fibers into the graft conduit has been successful in restoring target muscle function. Localized delivery of soluble neurotrophic factors may help promote the rate of axon regeneration observed within these graft conduits.An expanding area of nerve regeneration research deals with the development of scaffolding and bio-conduits. Scaffolding developed from bio-compatible material would be useful in nerve regeneration if they successfully exhibit essentially the same role as the endoneurial tubes and Schwann cells do in guiding regrowing axons. Prevention of nerve injuries
Methods to help prevent peripheral nerve injuries include injection pressure monitoring. The presence of a high opening injection pressure (> 20 PSI) is a sensitive sign of intrafascicular/intraneural needle tip placement. Extrafascicular needle tip placement is associated with low pressures (< 20 PSI). Also, high pressure injection was associated with neurologic deficits and severe axonal damage after the block. Other methods of preventing peripheral nerve injury include electrical nerve stimulation and ultrasonography. Electrical stimulation with a motor response at < 0.2 mA only can occur with an intraneural/intrafasciular needle tip location. See also
Brain injury

References


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Complications
Arrhythmias
Pulmonary edema
Peripheral emboli
Spread (metastasis) of the tumor
Blockage of the mitral heart valve
Stroke
Fusiform cerebral aneurysms

Causes
Myxomata are the most common type of adult primary heart tumor. Most myxomata arise sporadically (90%), and only about 10% are thought to arise due to inheritance.About 10% of myxomata are inherited, as in Carney syndrome. Such tumors are called familial myxomata. They tend to occur in more than one part of the heart at a time, and often cause symptoms at a younger age than other myxomata. Other abnormalities are observed in people with Carney syndrome include skin myxomata, pigmentation, endocrine hyperactivity, schwannomas and epithelioid blue nevi. Myxomata are more common in women than men. Diagnosis
A doctor will listen to the heart with a stethoscope. A "tumor plop" (a sound related to movement of the tumor), abnormal heart sounds, or a murmur similar to the mid-diastolic rumble of mitral stenosis may be heard. These sounds may change when the patient changes position.Right atrial myxomata rarely produce symptoms until they have grown to be at least 13 cm (about 5 inches) wide.Tests may include:
Echocardiogram and Doppler study
Chest x-ray
CT scan of chest
Heart MRI
Left heart angiography
Right heart angiography
ECG—may show atrial fibrillationBlood tests:

Blood tests: An FBC may show anemia and increased WBCs (white blood cells). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is usually increased. Blood tests: An FBC may show anemia and increased WBCs (white blood cells). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is usually increased. Treatment
The surgery is treatment of choice, tumor must be surgically removed. Some patients will also need their mitral valve replaced.