In the hyperbaric chamber the patient may breathe 100% oxygen, at ambient pressures up to a depth equivalent of 18 msw. Under hyperbaric conditions, oxygen diffuses into the bubbles, displacing the nitrogen from the bubble and into solution in the blood. Oxygen bubbles are more easily tolerated. Diffusion of oxygen into the blood and tissues under hyperbaric conditions supports areas of the body which are deprived of blood flow when arteries are blocked by gas bubbles. This helps to reduce ischemic injury. The effects of hyperbaric oxygen also counteract the damage that can occur with reperfusion of previously ischemic areas; this damage is mediated by leukocytes (a type of white blood cell). Complications
High incidence of relapse after hyperbaric oxygen treatment due to delayed cerebral edema. Epidemiology
In terms of the epidemiology of air embolisms one finds that the intraoperative period to have the highest incidence. For example, VAE (vascular air embolism) in neurological cases ranges up to 80%, and OBGYN surgeries incidence can climb to 97% for VAE. In divers the incidence rate is 7/100,000 per dive. In society and culture
Direct injection air embolism was one of the methods used by Belgian murderer Ivo Poppe to kill some of his victims (the other method being valium).William Davis, formerly a nurse in Texas, was convicted in October 2021 of murdering four and injuring two patients by injecting air into their arterial lines following heart surgery.
In the published study, the overall response rate was 40%, with a median duration of response of 11.1 months, and a median progression-free survival of 8.3 months (95% CI, 6.5 to 10.9).The FDA collaborated on the review of amivantamab with the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) and the United Kingdoms Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). The application reviews are ongoing at the other regulatory agencies. Society and culture
Legal status
Amivantamab was approved for medical use in the United States in May 2021. On 14 October 2021, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a conditional marketing authorization for the medicinal product Rybrevant, intended for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion mutations. The applicant for this medicinal product is Janssen-Cilag International N.V. Amivantamab was approved for medical use in the European Union in December 2021. Names
Amivantamab is the recommended international nonproprietary name (INN). Research
Amivantamab is being investigated in combination with lazertinib versus osimertinib; and in combination with carboplatin-pemetrexed chemotherapy compared to carboplatin-pemetrexed. References
This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Department of Health and Human Services. Further reading
Neijssen J, Cardoso RM, Chevalier KM, Wiegman L, Valerius T, Anderson GM,  et al. (April 2021). "Discovery of amivantamab (JNJ-61186372), a bispecific antibody targeting EGFR and MET". J Biol Chem. 296: 100641. doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100641. PMC 8113745. PMID 33839159.