Individuals with apperceptive visual agnosia cannot form a whole percept of visual information. Associative visual agnosia, impaired object identification. Individuals with associative agnosia cannot give a meaning to a formed percept. The percept is created, but it would have no meaning for individuals who have an associative agnosia. Subtypes of associative visual agnosia
Achromatopsia, an inability to distinguish different colors. Prosopagnosia, an inability to recognize human faces. Individuals with prosopagnosia know that they are looking at faces, but cannot recognize people by the sight of their face, even people whom they know well. Simultagnosia, an inability to recognize multiple objects in a scene, including distinct objects within a spatial layout and distinguishing between "local" objects and "global" objects, such as being able to see a tree but not the forest or vice versa. Topographagnosia, an inability to process the spatial layout of an environment, including landmark agnosia, difficulty recognizing buildings and places; difficulty building mental maps of a location or scene; and/or an inability to discern the orientation between objects in space. Pure alexia, an inability to read. Orientation agnosia: an inability to judge or determine orientation of objects. Pantomime agnosia: an inability to understand pantomimes (gestures). It appears that the inferior cortical visual cortex is critical in recognizing pantomimes. Patient CK
Background
Patient C.K. was born in 1961 in England and emigrated to Canada in 1980. In January 1988, C.K. sustained a head injury from a motor vehicle accident while out for a jog. Following the accident, C.K.
Naftifine hydrochloride (brand names include Exoderil and Naftin) is an allylamine antifungal drug for the topical treatment of tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis (topical fungal infections). Naftifine has triple action: antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory. Its fungistatic activity is believed to be based on inhibition of the squalene-2,3-epoxidase enzyme, which in turn results in the shortage of ergosterol required for the formation of fungal cell membranes. With some fungal species, there is also fungicidal activity from a resulting accumulation of squalenes, leading to damage of the fungal cell membranes, including at the endoplasmatic reticulum. The half-life is approximately 2–3 days. The metabolites are excreted in the urine and feces.Naftifine was invented at the Sandoz Research Institute in Vienna, Austria. It was the first succesful antifungal medication of the allylamine class. Naftifine shows mostly fungicidal activity toward dematophytes and molds, and mostly fungistatic activity toward yeasts. It is also effective as an antibacterial agent in treating pyoderma. Naftifine is almost completely metabolized in the human body, with a half-life of 2–3 days. Its metabolytes do not have antifungal activity, and they are excreted with urine and bile. == References ==