First millennium BCE
Mutakkil-Marduk (8th century BCE): Assyrian chief eunuch, eponym of the year 798 BCE in an Assyrian eponym chronicle. Yariri (8th century BCE): regent of Neo-Hittite Carchemish thought likely to be a eunuch. Sin-shumu-lishir (7th century BCE): Assyrian eunuch who attempted to usurp power in the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Aspamistres or Mithridates (5th century BCE): bodyguard of Xerxes I of Persia, and (with Artabanus) his murderer. Artoxares: an envoy of Artaxerxes I and Darius II of Persia. Bagoas (4th century BCE): prime minister of king Artaxerxes III of Persia, and his assassin (Bagoas is an old Persian word meaning eunuch). Bagoas (4th century BCE): a favorite of Alexander the Great. Influential in changing Alexanders attitude toward Persians and therefore in the kings policy decision to try to integrate the conquered peoples fully into his Empire as loyal subjects. He thereby paved the way for the relative success of Alexanders Seleucid successors and greatly enhanced the diffusion of Greek culture to the East. Batis (4th century BCE): resisted Alexander the Great at the Siege of Gaza. Philetaerus (4th/3rd century BCE): founder of the Attalid dynasty of Pergamum
Zhao Gao (died 210 BCE): favourite of Qin Shihuangdi, who plotted against Li Si. Sima Qian (old romanization Ssu-ma Chien; 2nd/1st century BCE): the first person to have practiced modern historiography – gathering and analyzing both primary and secondary sources to write his monumental history of the Chinese Empire. Ganymedes (1st century BCE): highly capable adviser and general of Cleopatra VIIs sister and rival, Princess Arsinoe.
Treatment
Statins
Prevention of CAV progression is important as once developed, CAV existing treatments are often ineffective. Commencing the statins pravastatin and simvastatin early after transplantation reduces the incidence and severity of CAV. Vitamins
When combined with immunosuppressants, the progression of CAV could possibly be slowed by vitamins C and E.

Aspirin
Since the role of aspirin is already established in coronary artery disease in those who have not had a heart transplant, it is usually given after heart transplantation too. Antiproliferative agents
On detection of CAV, medications including mTOR inhibitors sirolimus and everolimus have been shown to slow disease progression. Other treatment options
Clinically significant CAV may require percutaneous coronary interventions for focal disease, but the likelihood of restenosis is high. A repeat heart transplantation may be considered. Outcome
Once there is reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and symptoms of heart failure, the outcome is typically poor. The risk of major adverse cardiovascular events is increased by 3.4 fold if CAV is present on angiography. Epidemiology
The frequency of CAV after heart transplantation has been obtained from a variety of sources including The Cardiac Transplant Research Database, the ISHLT registry and The United Network for Organ Sharing registry. In comparison to between 1994 and 2001, there has been a decline in incidence of CAV between 2001 and 2007. ISHLT figures show an incidence of CAV of around 50% at 10 years after heart transplantation.CAV is a leading cause of late mortality following heart transplantation. Most are not severe but it contributes to the death of 11-13% one year from heart transplantation.