Post-translational modifications (PTMs)
Although much fewer bacterial proteins seem to have post-translational modifications (PTMs) compared to eukaryotic proteins, a substantial number of proteins are modified in E. coli. For instance, Potel et al. (2018) found 227 phosphoproteins of which 173 were phosphorylated on histidine. Interestingly, the majority of phosphorylated amino acids were serine (1,220 sites) with only 246 sites on histidine and 501 phosphorylated theronines and 162 tyrosines. Interactome
The interactome of E. coli has been studied by affinity purification and mass spectrometry (AP/MS) and by analyzing the binary interactions among its proteins. Protein complexes. A 2006 study purified 4,339 proteins from cultures of strain K-12 and found interacting partners for 2,667 proteins, many of which had unknown functions at the time. A 2009 study found 5,993 interactions between proteins of the same E. coli strain, though these data showed little overlap with those of the 2006 publication.Binary interactions. Rajagopala et al. (2014) have carried out systematic yeast two-hybrid screens with most E. coli proteins, and found a total of 2,234 protein-protein interactions. This study also integrated genetic interactions and protein structures and mapped 458 interactions within 227 protein complexes. Normal microbiota
E. coli belongs to a group of bacteria informally known as coliforms that are found in the gastrointestinal tract of warm-blooded animals. E. coli normally colonizes an infants gastrointestinal tract within 40 hours of birth, arriving with food or water or from the individuals handling the child. In the bowel, E. coli adheres to the mucus of the large intestine.
See also
References
Databases and external links

EcoCyc – literature-based curation of the entire genome, and of transcriptional regulation, transporters, and metabolic pathways
Membranome database provides information about single-pass transmembrane proteins from E. coli and several other organisms
E. coli statistics
E. coli Infection | Causes & Risk Factors
Bacteriome E. coli interaction database
EcoGene (genome database and website dedicated to Escherichia coli K-12 substrain MG1655)
EcoSal Continually updated Web resource based on the classic ASM Press publication Escherichia coli and Salmonella: Cellular and Molecular Biology
ECODAB The structure of the O-antigens that form the basis of the serological classification of E. coli
Coli Genetic Stock Center Strains and genetic information on E. coli K-12
PortEco (formerly EcoliHub) – NIH-funded comprehensive data resource for E. coli K-12 and its phage, plasmids, and mobile genetic elements
EcoliWiki is the community annotation component of PortEco
RegulonDB RegulonDB is a model of the complex regulation of transcription initiation or regulatory network of the cell E. coli K-12. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)
AlignACE Matrices that search for additional binding sites in the E. coli genomic sequence
E. coli on Protein Data Bank