A live adenovirus vaccine to protect against types 4 and 7 adenoviruses has been used in some military personnel. Rates of adenovirus disease fell among military recruits following the introduction a live oral vaccine against types 4 and 7. Stocks of the vaccine ran out in 1999 and rates of disease increased until 2011 when the vaccine was re-introduced. Treatment
Treatment is generally symptomatic and supportive. Medicines to ease pain and reduce fever can be bought over the counter. For adenoviral conjunctivitis, a cold compress and lubricants may provide some relief of discomfort. Steroid eye drops may be required if the cornea is involved. Most adenovirus infections get better without any treatment. Prognosis
After recovery from adenovirus infection, the virus can be carried for weeks or months.Adenovirus can cause severe necrotizing pneumonia in which all or part of a lung has increased translucency radiographically, which is called Swyer-James Syndrome. Severe adenovirus pneumonia also may result in bronchiolitis obliterans, a subacute inflammatory process in which the small airways are replaced by scar tissue, resulting in a reduction in lung volume and lung compliance. Epidemiology
Adenovirus infections occur sporadically throughout the year, and outbreaks can occur particularly in winter and spring. Epidemics may spread more quickly in closed populations such as in hospitals, nurseries, long-term care facilities, boarding schools, orphanages and swimming pools. Severe disease is rare in people who are usually healthy. Around 10% of respiratory infections in children are caused by adenoviruses.
Far East scarlet-like fever  is an infectious disease caused by the gram negative bacillus Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. In Japan it is called Izumi fever. Signs and symptoms
These include
red skin rash usually of the face, elbows, and knees
skin desquamation
exanthema
red tongue
toxic shock syndromeOther features include mesenteric lymphadenitis and arthritis. Kidney failure rarely occurs. Relapses occur in up to 50% of patients. Cause
The cause of this disease is Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype O1. 95% are subtype O1b. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis has been divided into 6 genetic groups: group 1 has only been isolated from the Far East. Pathophysiology
The clinical features of this disease appear to be due—at least in part—to the production of a superantigen—YpM (Yersinia pseudotuberculosis-derived mitogen). This is present in almost all strains from the Far East but only 20% of European isolates. The antigen was discovered in 1993 and is encoded by a 456-base gene. The protein has 151 amino acids, with a signal sequence of 20 amino acids. The mitogenic antigens are scattered across the protein but two cysteine residues (residues 32 and 129) which form a disulfide bridge are critical. The G+C content of this gene is 35%—lower than the genomic average (47%) suggesting that this gene has been acquired from some other organism. The organism from which this gene originated has not yet been identified. This gene seems likely to have been introduced into the genome by a bacteriophage, given the nearby presence of a phage integration site, but the mechanism of entry into the genome is not currently known.