First the material is treated with ethanol acidified with hydrochloric acid, and the solvents removed under reduced pressure. The resultant aqueous residue is neutralized with ammonia and put aside until the resin has completely settled. It is then filtered and concentrated by sugar solution to a small volume, made alkaline with ammonia, and finally extracted with chloroform. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure. Trade names
Pilocarpine is available under several trade names such as: Diocarpine (Dioptic), Isopto Carpine (Alcon), Miocarpine (CIBA Vision), Ocusert Pilo-20 and -40 (Alza), Pilopine HS (Alcon), Salagen (MGI Pharma), Scheinpharm Pilocarpine (Schein Pharmaceutical), Timpilo (Merck Frosst), and Vuity (AbbVie). Research
Pilocarpine is used to induce chronic epilepsy in rodents, commonly rats, as a means to study the disorders physiology and to examine different treatments. Smaller doses may be used to induce salivation in order to collect samples of saliva, for instance, to obtain information about IgA antibodies. Veterinary
Pilocarpine is given in moderate doses (about 2 mg) to induce emesis in cats that have ingested foreign plants, foods, or drugs. One feline trial determined it was effective, even though the usual choice of emetic is xylazine. References
External links
"Pilocarpine". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Any form of decreased appetite that leads to changes in the body (such as weight loss or muscle loss) that is not done intentionally as part of dieting is clinically significant. Physiology of anorexia
Appetite stimulation and suppression is a complex process involving many different parts of the brain and body by the use of various hormones and signals. Appetite is thought to be stimulated by interplay between peripheral signals to the brain (taste, smell, sight, gut hormones) as well as the balance of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides  in the hypothalamus. Examples of these signals or hormones include neuropeptide Y, leptin, ghrelin, insulin, serotonin, and orexins (also called hypocretins). Anything that causes an imbalance of these signals or hormones can lead to the symptom of anorexia. While it is known that these signals and hormones help control appetite, the complicated mechanisms regarding a pathological increase or decrease in appetite are still being explored. Common causes
Acute radiation syndrome
Addisons disease
Alcoholism
Alcohol withdrawal
Anemia
Anorexia nervosa
Anxiety
Appendicitis
Babesiosis
Benzodiazepine withdrawal
Bipolar disorder
Cancer
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome
Cannabis withdrawal
Celiac disease
Chronic kidney disease
Chronic pain
Common cold
Constipation
COPD
COVID-19
Crohns disease
Dehydration
Dementia
Depression
Ebola
Fatty liver disease
Fever
Food poisoning
Gastroparesis
Hepatitis
HIV/AIDS
Hypercalcemia
Hyperglycemia
Hypervitaminosis D
Hypothyroidism and sometimes hyperthyroidism
Irritable bowel syndrome
Ketoacidosis
Kidney failure
Low blood pressure
Mania
Metabolic disorders, particularly urea cycle disorders
MELAS syndrome
Nausea
Opioid use disorder
Pancreatitis
Pernicious anemia
Psychosis
Schizophrenia
Side effect of drugs
Stimulant use disorder
Stomach flu
Stress
Sickness behavior
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
Tuberculosis
Thalassemia
Ulcerative colitis
Uremia
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Zinc deficiency
Infection: Anorexia of infection is part of the acute phase response (APR) to infection. The APR can be triggered by lipopolysaccharides and peptidoglycans from bacterial cell walls, bacterial DNA, and double-stranded viral RNA, and viral glycoproteins, which can trigger production of a variety of proinflammatory cytokines.