Immunostimulation
Claims made by marketers of various products and alternative health providers, such as chiropractors, homeopaths, and acupuncturists to be able to stimulate or "boost" the immune system generally lack meaningful explanation and evidence of effectiveness. Vaccination
Long-term active memory is acquired following infection by activation of B and T cells. Active immunity can also be generated artificially, through vaccination. The principle behind vaccination (also called immunization) is to introduce an antigen from a pathogen to stimulate the immune system and develop specific immunity against that particular pathogen without causing disease associated with that organism. This deliberate induction of an immune response is successful because it exploits the natural specificity of the immune system, as well as its inducibility. With infectious disease remaining one of the leading causes of death in the human population, vaccination represents the most effective manipulation of the immune system mankind has developed.Many vaccines are based on acellular components of micro-organisms, including harmless toxin components. Since many antigens derived from acellular vaccines do not strongly induce the adaptive response, most bacterial vaccines are provided with additional adjuvants that activate the antigen-presenting cells of the innate immune system and maximize immunogenicity. Tumor immunology
Another important role of the immune system is to identify and eliminate tumors. This is called immune surveillance. The transformed cells of tumors express antigens that are not found on normal cells. To the immune system, these antigens appear foreign, and their presence causes immune cells to attack the transformed tumor cells.
Enamel-renal syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive condition. This condition is also known as idiopathic multicentric osteolysis with nephropathy. It is characterised by dental abnormalities and nephrocalcinosis. Presentation
The dental abnormalities include

hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta
microdontia
intra-pulpal calcification
impacted posterior teeth with hyperplastic pericoronal follicles
gingival fibromatosis
ectopic calcifications on gingival and pericoronal tissues

Genetics
This condition is caused by mutations in the FAM20A gene. This gene encodes a protein – the Golgi apparatus associated secretory pathway pseudokinase. The gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 17 (17q24.2). Pathogensis
The protein is an allosteric activator of the Golgi serine/threonine protein kinase and is involved in biomineralization of teeth. Diagnosis
The diagnosis may be suspected on the basis of the constellation of clinical features. It is made by sequencing the FAM20A gene. This condition is usually diagnosed in childhood but may not be recognised until early adulthood. The diagnosis is suspected on the combination of nephrocalcinosis and dental abnormalities. Differential diagnosis
Epidermolysis bullosa
Jalili syndrome
Raine syndrome
Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome

Treatment
There is no specific treatment for this condition currently known and management of its various features is the norm. History
This condition was first described in 1972. == References ==