Having support from a loved one also helps a lot in reducing stress.One study showed that the power of having support from a loved one, or just having social support, lowered stress in individual subjects. Painful shocks were applied to married womens ankles. In some trials women were able to hold their husbands hand, in other trials they held a strangers hand, and then held no ones hand. When the women were holding their husbands hand, the response was reduced in many brain areas. When holding the strangers hand the response was reduced a little, but not as much as when they were holding their husbands hand. Social support helps reduce stress and even more so if the support is from a loved one. Cognitive appraisal
Lazarus argued that, in order for a psychosocial situation to be stressful, it must be appraised as such. He argued that cognitive processes of appraisal are central in determining whether a situation is potentially threatening, constitutes a harm/loss or a challenge, or is benign. Both personal and environmental factors influence this primary appraisal, which then triggers the selection of coping processes. Problem-focused coping is directed at managing the problem, whereas emotion-focused coping processes are directed at managing the negative emotions. Secondary appraisal refers to the evaluation of the resources available to cope with the problem, and may alter the primary appraisal.
Diagnosis
The diagnostic test of choice is a barium swallow. Treatment
Esophageal webs and rings can be treated with endoscopic dilation. References


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