It is also highly soluble in xylene, oleic acid, acetone, diacetone alcohol, methanol, isopropanol,
2-butanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, furfurol, and vegetable oils.The ester groups are easily cleaved under basic conditions, but are stable against acids. Synthesis
Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate can be obtained by treating  dioctyl maleate with sodium bisulfite. The bisulfite anion adds to the double bond:

−CH=CH− + HSO−3 → −CH(−SO−3)−CH2−

Toxicity
Ingestion may cause the side effects described above, such as diarrhea, intestinal bloating, and occasionally cramping pains. Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate is not known to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic. Marine species
Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate is of low toxicity for crustaceans such as the hermit crab Clibanarius erythropus and the shrimp Crangon crangon. Toxicity for molluscs varies widely, with 48-hour LD50 found between 5 mg/L for the common limpet and 100 mg/L for the common periwinkle. Various species of phytoplankton have an LD50 around 8 mg/L. In a 2010 study, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate exhibited higher toxicity against bacteria (Vibrio fischeri, Anabaena sp.) and algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) than did a number of fluorinated surfactants (PFOS, PFOA, or PFBS). Measuring bioluminescence inhibition of the bacteria and growth inhibition of the algae, the LD50 were in the range of 43–75 mg/L. Combinations of the fluorinated compounds with dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate showed mid to highly synergistic effects in most settings, meaning that such combinations are significantly more toxic than the individual substances. Freshwater species
The substance is highly toxic for rainbow trout with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.56 mg/L after 48 hours for the pure substance.
Epidemiology
Ring chromosome 14 syndrome is extremely rare, the true rate of occurrence is unknown (as it is less than 1 per 1,000,000), but there are at least 50 documented cases in the literature. See also
Ring chromosome 18 syndrome
Ring chromosome 20 syndrome

References
Further reading
Disorders, National Organization for Rare (2003-01-01). NORD Guide to Rare Disorders. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780781730631. Zollino M.; Seminara L.; Orteschi D.; Gobbi G.; Giovannini S.; Della Giustina E.; Frattini D.; Scarano A.; Neri G. (2009). "The Ring14 Syndrome: Clinical and Molecular Definition" (PDF). American Journal of Medical Genetics. 149A (6): 1116–1124. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.32831. PMID 19441122. S2CID 22919033. == External links ==