For good results, the patient must have good palatal motion, as the occlusion of the nasal cavity is mainly carried out by muscles already existing and functioning. Complications
The most common complications of the posterior pharyngeal wall flap are hyponasality, nasal obstruction, snoring, and sleep apnea. Rarer complications include flap separation, sinusitis, postoperative bleeding, and aspiration pneumonia. Possible complications of the sphincter pharyngoplasty are snoring, nasal obstruction, difficulty blowing the nose. Some researches suggest that sphincter pharyngoplasty introduces less hyponasality and obstructive sleep symptoms than the posterior pharyngeal wall flap. Both surgeries have a favourable effect on the function of the Eustachian tube. See also
Rhinolalia clausa
Nasalization
Nasalance

References


== External links ==
An ameboma, also known as an amebic granuloma, is a rare complication of Entamoeba histolytica infection, where in response to the infecting amoeba there is formation of annular colonic granulation, which results in a large local lesion of the bowel. Presentation
The ameboma may manifest as a right lower quadrant abdominal mass, which may be mistaken for carcinoma, tuberculosis, Crohns disease, actinomycosis, or lymphoma. Diagnosis
Biopsy is necessary for definitive diagnosis. == References ==