Cook and others describe symptoms and behavioral characteristics in seven domains:
Attachment – "problems with relationship boundaries, lack of trust, social isolation, difficulty perceiving and responding to others emotional states"
Biology – "sensory-motor developmental dysfunction, sensory-integration difficulties, somatization, and increased medical problems"
Affect or emotional regulation – "poor affect regulation, difficulty identifying and expressing emotions and internal states, and difficulties communicating needs, wants, and wishes"
Dissociation – "amnesia, depersonalization, discrete states of consciousness with discrete memories, affect, and functioning, and impaired memory for state-based events"
Behavioral control – "problems with impulse control, aggression, pathological self-soothing, and sleep problems"
Cognition – "difficulty regulating attention; problems with a variety of executive functions such as planning, judgement, initiation, use of materials, and self-monitoring; difficulty processing new information; difficulty focusing and completing tasks; poor object constancy; problems with cause-effect thinking; and language developmental problems such as a gap between receptive and expressive communication abilities." Self-concept – "fragmented and disconnected autobiographical narrative, disturbed body image, low self-esteem, excessive shame, and negative internal working models of self". Adults
Adults with C-PTSD have sometimes experienced prolonged interpersonal traumatization beginning in childhood, rather than, or as well as, in adulthood. These early injuries interrupt the development of a robust sense of self and of others. Because physical and emotional pain or neglect was often inflicted by attachment figures such as caregivers or older siblings, these individuals may develop a sense that they are fundamentally flawed and that others cannot be relied upon. This can become a pervasive way of relating to others in adult life, described as insecure attachment.
Progesterone vaginal ring, also known as progesterone-only vaginal ring, is a form of vaginal ring used for birth control when breastfeeding. Use can begin at four weeks and continue for at least up to a year following childbirth. Failure rates with usual use is about 1.5 per 100 women. It is used within the vagina with one ring lasting three months. The woman is able to place and remove the ring herself. It is sold under the brand names Progering among others.Side effects include vaginal discharge and pain with urination. It does not appear to be associated with serious side effects. With use menstrual periods often do not resume. It was specifically made for use with breastfeeding as it does not affect milk production. It works by gradually releasing the hormone progesterone.Progesterone vaginal rings have been approved for medical use since 1998. It is on the World Health Organizations List of Essential Medicines. As of 2014, they are available in a number of South and Central American countries. As of 2016, it is not available in the United States. It was developed by the Population Council. See also
Pharmacokinetics of progesterone § Vaginal administration


== References ==