Prevalence
Palpitations are a common complaint in the general population, particularly in those affected by structural heart disease. Clinical presentation is divided into four groups: extra-systolic, tachycardic, anxiety-related, and intense. Anxiety-related is the most common. See also
Cardiac dysrhythmia

References
External links

MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia, NIH
A rough diagnosis may also be made through revealing of clinical symptoms, including enlarged head size, along with radiological studies, and negative tests for other leukodystrophies. Treatment
No cure or standard procedure for treatment is known, although a University of Wisconsin study shows promise with gene editing of the astrocytes. A phase III clinical trial of an antisense therapy, sponsored by Ionis Pharmaceuticals, began in 2021. A bone marrow transplant has been attempted on a child, but it made no improvement. Hydrocephalus may be seen in younger patients and can be relieved with surgery or by implanting a shunt to relieve pressure. Prognosis
The prognosis is generally poor. With early onset, death usually occurs within 10 years from the onset of symptoms. Individuals with the infantile form usually die before the age of seven. Usually, the later the disease occurs, the slower its course. Prevalence
Its occurrence is very rare. The infantile form occurs from birth to 2 years of age. The average duration of the infantile form is usually about 3 years. Onset of the juvenile form presents between 2 and 12 years of age. Duration of this form is in most cases about 6 years. The adult form occurs after 12 years. In younger patients, seizures, megalencephaly, developmental delay, and spasticity are usually present. Neonatal onset is also reported. Onset in adults is least frequent. In older patients, bulbar or pseudobulbar symptoms and spasticity predominate. Symptoms of the adult form may also resemble multiple sclerosis. No more than 500 cases have been reported.