No distinction was found in Gleason scores of either group.Previous murine studies using transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice showed toremifene prevented palpable tumors in 60% of the animals. This study used toremifene as an early prophylactic, which differentiates it from the phase III human studies. References
Further reading
Taras TL, Wurz GT, Linares GR, DeGregorio MW (2000). "Clinical pharmacokinetics of toremifene". Clin Pharmacokinet. 39 (5): 327–34. doi:10.2165/00003088-200039050-00002. PMID 11108432. S2CID 26647296. Harvey HA, Kimura M, Hajba A (2006). "Toremifene: an evaluation of its safety profile". Breast. 15 (2): 142–57. doi:10.1016/j.breast.2005.09.007. PMID 16289904. Taneja SS, Smith MR, Dalton JT, Raghow S, Barnette G, Steiner M, Veverka KA (2006). "Toremifene--a promising therapy for the prevention of prostate cancer and complications of androgen deprivation therapy". Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 15 (3): 293–305. doi:10.1517/13543784.15.3.293. PMID 16503765. S2CID 29510508. Zhou WB, Ding Q, Chen L, Liu XA, Wang S (2011). "Toremifene is an effective and safe alternative to tamoxifen in adjuvant endocrine therapy for breast cancer: results of four randomized trials". Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 128 (3): 625–31. doi:10.1007/s10549-011-1556-5. PMID 21553116. S2CID 36985808. Gennari L, Merlotti D, Stolakis K, Nuti R (2012). "Pharmacokinetic evaluation of toremifene and its clinical implications for the treatment of osteoporosis". Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 8 (4): 505–13. doi:10.1517/17425255.2012.665873. PMID 22356442. S2CID 19547631. Mao C, Yang ZY, He BF, Liu S, Zhou JH, Luo RC, Chen Q, Tang JL (2012). "Toremifene versus tamoxifen for advanced breast cancer". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 (7): CD008926. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008926.pub2. PMC 8407374. PMID 22786516.
Vogel CL, Johnston MA, Capers C, Braccia D (2014). "Toremifene for breast cancer: a review of 20 years of data". Clin. Breast Cancer. 14 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.clbc.2013.10.014. PMID 24439786. Mustonen MV, Pyrhönen S, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL (2014). "Toremifene in the treatment of breast cancer". World J Clin Oncol. 5 (3): 393–405. doi:10.5306/wjco.v5.i3.393. PMC 4127610. PMID 25114854. External links
Toremifene - AdisInsight