Chalicosis is a form of pneumoconiosis affecting the lungs or bronchioles, found chiefly among stonecutters. The disease is caused by the inhalation of fine particles of stone. The term is from Greek, χάλιξ, gravel. References


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In premenopausal women, elevated prolactin can lead to reduction or loss of menstrual periods and/or breast milk production (galactorrhea). With stalk effect, prolactin levels are usually only slightly elevated, as opposed to prolactinomas in which the prolactin level is usually very high. Diabetes insipidus occurs due to the absence of a posterior pituitary hormone called antidiuretic hormone. Symptoms include:
Excessive thirst
Excessive urination
Adrenal insufficiency occurs because of a reduction in ACTH production, a reduction in cortisol. In severe cases, it can be fatal. Symptoms include:
Fatigue
Low blood pressure
Electrolyte abnormalities

Mechanisms
Craniopharyngioma is a rare, usually suprasellar neoplasm, which may be cystic, that develops from nests of epithelium derived from Rathkes pouch. Rathkes pouch is an embryonic precursor of the anterior pituitary.Craniopharyngiomas are typically very slow-growing tumors. They arise from the cells along the pituitary stalk, specifically from nests of odontogenic (tooth-forming) epithelium within the suprasellar/diencephalic region, so contain deposits of calcium that are evident on an X-ray. Diagnosis
Imaging scans for craniopharyngioma
A physician can conduct a few scans and tests to diagnose a person with craniopharyngioma. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is valuable because it allows the neuroradiologist to view the tumor from different angles.In some cases, a powerful 3T (Tesla) MRI scanner can help define the location of critical brain structures affected by the tumor. The histologic pattern consists of nesting of squamous epithelium bordered by radially arranged cells. It is frequently accompanied by calcium deposition and may have a microscopic papillary architecture.