Treatment
Sneddons patients are generally treated with warfarin, maintaining a high INR of 3–4. Because most will experience significant relief of symptoms after several months of consistent INR in this range, treatment with warfarin is often used as a diagnostic tool. Epidemiology
Sneddons syndrome is a rare condition that is usually misdiagnosed. It occurs in families and may be inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. Sneddons Syndrome most often becomes apparent in women in their thirties, though cases do occur in men and in children. Generally, Livedo precedes cerebrovascular involvement by roughly ten years, and many years of cerebrovascular involvement precede the development of dementia, when it occurs. History
It is named for Ian Bruce Sneddon. In 1965, Dr. Sneddon first reported 6 patients with a distinct skin rash and cerebrovascular accidents (strokes).Sneddons Syndrome was formerly understood to be a type of autoimmune disease called antiphospholipid syndrome, although it has been reclassified as a noninflammatory cerebrovascular disease. It should be considered in patients diagnosed with vasculitis when standard treatments fail. See also
Livedoid vasculopathy
List of cutaneous conditions

References
Further reading
Schellong S, Weissenborn K, Niedermeyer J, Wollenhaupt J, Sosada M, Ehrenheim C, Lubach D (1997). "Classification of Sneddons syndrome". Vasa. 26 (3): 215–21. PMID 9286155. == External links ==
There is currently no treatment for MM, however promising improvements have been made and the study is still ongoing.In March 2020, it was approved for medical use in the United States.The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved isatuximab-irfc in March 2020, based on evidence from a clinical trial (NCT02990338) of 307 subjects with previously treated multiple myeloma. The trial was conducted at 102 sites in Europe, North America, Asia, Australia and New Zealand.The trial evaluated the efficacy and side effects of isatuximab-irfc in subjects with previously treated multiple myeloma. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either isatuximab-irfc (in combination with pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone) or active comparator (pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone). Treatment was administered in both groups in 28-day cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Both subjects and health care providers knew which treatment was given. The trial measured the time patients lived without the cancer growing (progression-free survival or PFS).It was approved for medical use in the European Union in May 2020. Structure and reactivity
The structure of isatuximab consists of two identical immunoglobulin kappa light chains and also two equal immunoglobulin gamma heavy chains. Chemically, isatuximab is similar to the structure and reactivity of daratumumab, hence both drugs show the same CD38 targeting. However, isatuximab shows a more potent inhibition of its ectozyme function. The latter gives potential for some non-cross reactivity. Isatuximab shows action of an allosteric antagonist with the inhibition of the CD38 enzymatic activity. Additionally, isatuximab shows potential where it can induce apoptosis without cross linking.