Rattails are similar to buckles, except they are thin line indentations and not associated with scabs. Another similar defect is pulldowns, which are buckles that occur in the cope of sand castings. All of these defects are visual in nature and are no reason to scrap the workpiece. These defects are caused by overly high pouring temperatures or deficiencies of carbonaceous material.A swell occurs when the mould wall gives way across a whole face, and is caused by an improperly rammed mould.Burn-on occurs when metallic oxides interact with impurities in silica sands. The result is sand particles embedded in the surface of the finished casting. This defect can be avoided by reducing the temperature of the liquid metal, by using a mould wash, and by using various additives in the sand mixture. See also
Hydrogen gas porosity
Inclusions in aluminium alloys
Non-metallic inclusions for inclusions in steel
Porosity sealing

References
Bibliography
Avedesian, M. M.; Baker, Hugh; ASM International (1999). Magnesium and magnesium alloys (2nd ed.). ASM International. ISBN 978-0-87170-657-7..
Campbell, John (2003). Castings. Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-4790-8..
Degarmo, E. Paul; Black, J T.; Kohser, Ronald A. (2003). Materials and Processes in Manufacturing (9th ed.). Wiley. ISBN 0-471-65653-4..
Rao, Posinasetti Nageswara (1999). Manufacturing technology: foundry, forming and welding (2nd ed.). Tata McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-463180-5..
Stefanescu, Doru Michael (2008). Science and Engineering of Casting Solidification (2nd ed.). Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-74609-8..
Yu, Kuang-Oscar (2002). Modeling for casting and solidification processing. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8247-8881-0..
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