These are potential conflicts of interest that he has never disclosed when publishing scientific articles, which would be against ethical practices of some countries such as the United States. Media
CCSVI has received a great deal of attention in all media, the scientific literature and on the Internet. Moreover, the CCSVI case has been considered a good example of how new communication technologies and social media are modifying the traditional relationship between science, politics, medicine, and the general public. In this sense they have played a key role in effectively promoting the theory.Media coverage has been perceived by some as "hype", with exaggerated claims that have led to excessive expectations. This has been partially attributed to some of the investigators of the theory. Mainstream media initial approximations to Zambonis theory were enthusiastic and emphasized Zambonis effort to find a cure for his wife, along with the improvement of some patients after its alleged treatment. Initial difficulty reproducing results connecting MS and CCSVI, combined with reports of secondary effects of the surgical procedure, led to a more cautious discourse proposing that more investigation in the relationship between CCSVI and MS was needed. The first fatality related to CCSVI treatment was a pivotal development in this trend towards a less optimistic media view of the theory.The Internet has been extensively used by patient groups to obtain and disseminate information on CCSVI.
When using to treat hyponatremia, it may cause too rapid correction of hyponatremia resulting in fatal osmotic demyelination syndrome. Pharmacology
Tolvaptan is a selective vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist. Chemistry
Tolvaptan is a racemate, a 1:1 mixture of the following two enantiomers:

References
Further reading
Gheorghiade M, Niazi I, Ouyang J,  et al. (2003). "Vasopressin V2-receptor blockade with tolvaptan in patients with chronic heart failure: results from a double-blind, randomized trial". Circulation. 107 (21): 2690–6. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000070422.41439.04. PMID 12742979. External links
"Tolvaptan". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.