In weight loss studies of overweight individuals, those who lose weight show reduced apnea frequencies and improved apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI). Weight loss effective enough to relieve obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) must be 25–30% of body weight. For some obese people, it can be difficult to achieve and maintain this result without bariatric surgery. Rapid palatal expansion
In children, orthodontic treatment to expand the volume of the nasal airway, such as nonsurgical rapid palatal expansion is common. The procedure has been found to significantly decrease the AHI and lead to long-term resolution of clinical symptoms.Since the palatal suture is fused in adults, regular RPE using tooth-borne expanders cannot be performed. Mini-implant assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) has been recently developed as a non-surgical option for the transverse expansion of the maxilla in adults. This method increases the volume of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx, leading to increased airflow and reduced respiratory arousals during sleep. Changes are permanent with minimal complications. Palatal expansion is a unique treatment in that it is minimally invasive, has lasting changes and requires minimal patient compliance for treatment success. Surgery
Several surgical procedures (sleep surgery) are used to treat sleep apnea, although they are normally a third line of treatment for those who reject or are not helped by CPAP treatment or dental appliances. Surgical treatment for obstructive sleep apnea needs to be individualized to address all anatomical areas of obstruction. Nasal obstruction
Often, correction of the nasal passages needs to be performed in addition to correction of the oropharynx passage.
External links
Scapoli, L; Girardi, A; Palmieri, A; Testori, T; Zuffetti, F; Monguzzi, R; Lauritano, D; Carinci, F (2012). "Microflora and periodontal disease". Dental Research Journal. 9 (Suppl 2): S202–6. doi:10.4103/1735-3327.109755 (inactive 31 July 2022). PMC 3692174. PMID 23814584. {{cite journal}}:  CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2022 (link)


== References ==