Diaphragm eventration
The diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic eventration is used when there is abnormal displacement (i.e. elevation) of part or all of an otherwise intact diaphragm into the chest cavity. This rare type of CDH occurs because in the region of eventration the diaphragm is thinner, allowing the abdominal viscera to protrude upwards. Pathophysiology
There are genetic causes of CDH including aneuploidies, chromosome copy number variants, and single gene mutations. Research implicates a few gene mutations including LONP1 and MYRF. It involves three major defects:
A failure of the diaphragm to completely close during development
Herniation of the abdominal contents into the chest
Pulmonary hypoplasia

Diagnosis
This condition can often be diagnosed before birth and fetal intervention can sometimes help, depending on the severity of the condition. Infants born with diaphragmatic hernia experience respiratory failure due to both pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary hypoplasia. The first condition is a restriction of blood flow through the lungs thought to be caused by defects in the lung. Pulmonary hypoplasia or decreased lung volume is directly related to the abdominal organs presence in the chest cavity which causes the lungs to be severely undersized, especially on the side of the hernia.Survival rates for infants with this condition vary, but have generally been increasing through advances in neonatal medicine. Work has been done to correlate survival rates to ultrasound measurements of the lung volume as compared to the babys head circumference. This figure known as the lung-to-head ratio (LHR). Still, LHR remains an inconsistent measure of survival.
Other nephrotoxic drugs should be avoided. Nephrotoxicity is usually reversible and can be reduced by dosage adjustment and adequate hydration. Electrolyte disturbances — hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia can occur and regular monitoring of electrolytes is necessary to avoid clinical toxicity. Genital ulceration — a less common reported side effect which occurs more in men and usually during induction use of foscarnet. It is most likely a contact dermatitis due to high concentrations of foscarnet in urine. It usually resolves rapidly following discontinuation of the drug. CNS — less common side effects of perioral paresthesia, irritability and altered mental states. References
Sources
Dennis L. Kasper, Eugene Braunwald. "Harrisons Manual of Medicine", 16th Edition, Mcgraw-hill, (2005), p. 2244. External links
"Foscarnet". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Foscarnet sodium". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.