Treatment for adults include a combination of extractions, fixed appliances, intermaxillary elastics and orthognathic surgery. For children, orthodontics is usually used to compensate for continued growth. With children with mixed dentition, the malocclusion may resolve on its own as the permanent teeth erupt. Furthermore, should the malocclusion be caused by childhood habits such as digit, thumb or pacifier sucking, it may result in resolution as the habit is stopped. Habit deterrent appliances may be used to help in breaking digit and thumb sucking habits. Other treatment options for patients who are still growing include functional appliances and headgear appliances. Tooth size discrepancy
Identifying the presence of tooth size discrepancies between the maxillary and mandibular arches is an important component of correct orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. To establish appropriate alignment and occlusion, the size of upper and lower front teeth, or upper and lower teeth in general, needs to be proportional. Inter-arch tooth size discrepancy (ITSD) is defined as a disproportion in the mesio-distal dimensions of teeth of opposing dental arches. The prevalence is clinically significant among orthodontic patients and has been reported to range from 17% to 30%.Identifying inter-arch tooth size discrepancy (ITSD) before treatment begins allows the practitioner to develop the treatment plan in a way that will take ITSD into account. ITSD corrective treatment may entail demanding reduction (interproximal wear), increase (crowns and resins), or elimination (extractions) of dental mass prior to treatment finalization.Several methods have been used to determine ITSD. Of these methods the one most commonly used is the Bolton analysis.
Pes (Latin for "foot") or the acronym PES may refer to:

Pes
Pes (unit), a Roman unit of length measurement roughly corresponding with a foot
Pes or podatus, a Neume § Neumes representing two notes
Pes (rural locality), several rural localities in Russia
Pes (river), a river in northwestern Russia
Pes (anatomy), zoological term for the distal portion of the hind limb of tetrapod animals
Talipes equinovarus (pes equinovarus), clubfoot
Talipes cavus (pes cavus), clawfoot
Talipes planus (pes planus), flat feet
Talipes valgus (pes valgus), valgus deformity of the foot
Talipes varus (pes varus), varus deformity of the foot
Pes anserinus (leg)
Pes anserine bursitis, inflammatory of the inner knee at the bursa of the pes anserinus
Parotid plexus, pes anserinus of the facial nerve

PES
Education
PES University, formerly P.E.S.