Causes
The cause of OCD is unknown. Both environmental and genetic factors are believed to play a role. Risk factors include a history of child abuse or other stress-inducing events. Drug-induced OCD
Some medications and other drugs, such as methamphetamine or cocaine, can induce obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in people without previous symptoms.Some atypical antipsychotics (second-generation antipsychotics) such as olanzapine (Zyprexa) and clozapine (Clozaril) can induce OCD in people, particularly individuals with schizophrenia. Genetics
There appear to be some genetic components of OCD causation, with identical twins more often affected than fraternal twins. Furthermore, individuals with OCD are more likely to have first-degree family members exhibiting the same disorders than matched controls. In cases in which OCD develops during childhood, there is a much stronger familial link in the disorder than with cases in which OCD develops later in adulthood. In general, genetic factors account for 45–65% of the variability in OCD symptoms in children diagnosed with the disorder. A 2007 study found evidence supporting the possibility of a heritable risk for OCD.Research has found there to be a genetic correlation between anorexia nervosa and OCD, suggesting a strong etiology. First and second hand relatives of probands with OCD have a greater risk of developing anorexia nervosa as genetic relatedness increases.A mutation has been found in the human serotonin transporter gene hSERT in unrelated families with OCD.A systematic review found that while neither allele was associated with OCD overall, in Caucasians, the L allele was associated with OCD.
Maralixibat chloride, sold under the brand name Livmarli, is a medication used to treat cholestatic pruritus in people with Alagille syndrome. Maralixibat chloride is an ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) inhibitor.Maralixibat was approved for medical use in the United States in September 2021. History
Maralixibat was granted orphan drug designations in 2013, and in 2020. Society and culture
Legal status
On 13 October 2022, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization under exceptional circumstances for the medicinal product Livmarli, intended for the treatment of cholestatic pruritus in patients with Alagille syndrome (ALGS). The applicant for this medicinal product is Mirum Pharmaceuticals International B.V.

Names
Maralixibat chloride is the international nonproprietary name (INN). References
External links
"Maralixibat". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Maralixibat chloride". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Clinical trial number NCT02160782 for "Safety and Efficacy Study of LUM001 (Maralixibat) With a Drug Withdrawal Period in Participants With Alagille Syndrome (ALGS) (ICONIC)" at ClinicalTrials.gov