The most dangerous risk is that enough scar tissue could form within the throat as a result of the incisions to make the airway more narrow than it was prior to surgery, diminishing the airspace in the velopharynx. Scarring is an individual trait, so it is difficult for a surgeon to predict how much a person might be predisposed to scarring. Currently, the American Medical Association does not approve of the use of lasers to perform operations on the pharynx or uvula. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a relatively new surgical treatment for snoring. This treatment applies radiofrequency energy and heat (between 77 °C and 85 °C) to the soft tissue at the back of the throat, such as the soft palate and uvula, causing scarring of the tissue beneath the skin. After healing, this results in stiffening of the treated area. The procedure takes less than one hour, is usually performed on an outpatient basis, and usually requires several treatment sessions. Radiofrequency ablation is frequently effective in reducing the severity of snoring, but often does not eliminate it.Bipolar radiofrequency ablation, a technique used for coblation tonsillectomy, is also used for the treatment of snoring. Pillar procedure
The pillar procedure is a minimally invasive treatment for snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. In the United States, this procedure was FDA indicated in 2004. During this procedure, three to six+ Dacron (the material used in permanent sutures) strips are inserted into the soft palate, using a modified syringe and local anesthetic.
Benazepril, sold under the brand name Lotensin among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease. It is a reasonable initial treatment for high blood pressure. It is taken by mouth. Versions are available as the combinations benazepril/hydrochlorothiazide and benazepril/amlodipine.Common side effects include feeling tired, dizziness, cough, and light-headedness with standing. Serious side effects may include kidney problems, low blood pressure, high blood potassium, and angioedema. Use in pregnancy may harm the baby, while use when breastfeeding may be safe. It is an ACE inhibitor and works by decreasing renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity.Benazepril was patented in 1981 and came into medical use in 1990. It was created by the chemist Mahesh Desai. It is available as a generic medication. In 2019, it was the 130th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 5 million prescriptions. Structure Activity Relationship
Benazepril Hydrochlorides OCh2Ch3 group must be metabolized in order to inhibit the ACE Enzyme to form Benazeprilat, which is the active form of the molecule. The bulky cyclic structure is resistant to hydrolysis. A special note about the molecule is that the nitrogen within the ring makes the bulky cyclic structure especially harder to break down, and can account for the drugs PK profile, in which the duration of action is 24 hours. Medical uses
It is useful for high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease. It is a reasonable initial treatment for high blood pressure.