As of 2015, the main theories were inhibition of the process of angiogenesis, its inhibition of cereblon, a ubiquitin ligase, and its ability to generate reactive oxygen species which in turn kills cells. In 2018, results were first published which suggested that thalidomides teratogenic effects are mediated through degradation of the transcription factor, SALL4, an as yet unverified finding.Thalidomide also binds to and acts as an antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR) and hence is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) of some capacity. In accordance, it can produce gynecomastia and sexual dysfunction as side effects in men. Chirality and biological activity
Thalidomide is provided as a racemic mixture of two enantiomers; while there are reports that only one of the enantiomers may cause birth defects, the body converts each enantiomer into the other through mechanisms that are not well understood. The (R)-enantiomer has the desired sedative effect while the (S)-enantiomer harbors embryo-toxic and teratogenic effect. The hypothesis that the tragedy could be avoided in this case by using a single enantiomer is misleading and pointless, because it was later demonstrated that the “safe” R-thalidomide undergoes an in vivo chiral inversion to the “teratogenic” S-thalidomide. Under biological conditions, the enantiomers interconvert [bidirectional chiral inversion - (R)- to (S)- and vice versa]. Chemistry
Thalidomide is racemic; while S-thalidomide is the bioactive form of the molecule, the individual enantiomers can racemize to each other due to the acidic hydrogen at the chiral centre, which is the carbon of the glutarimide ring bonded to the phthalimide substituent.
Edex can refer to several institutions:

EDEX, education and career guidance project. Edex Live, a newspaper
Prostaglandin E1, medication