Epidemiology
Hypospadias is among the most common birth defects in the world and is said to be the second-most common birth defect in the male reproductive system, occurring once in every 250 males.Due to variations in the reporting requirements of different national databases, data from such registries cannot be used to accurately determine either incidence of hypospadias or geographical variations in its occurrences. Adults
While most hypospadias repairs are done in childhood, occasionally, an adult desires surgery because of urinary spraying or unhappiness with the appearance. Other adults wanting surgery have long-term complications as a result of childhood surgeries.A direct comparison of surgical results in children versus adults found they had the same outcomes, and adults can undergo hypospadias repair or reoperations with good expectations for success. Society and culture
Notable individuals with hypospadias:

Henry II of France
Tiger Devore
Gabriel J. Martín
Scout Schultz
Maurice Duplessis
Aprilio Manganang
Lil Dicky

See also
Pediatric urology
Andrology
Bladder exstrophy, cloacal exstrophy
Perineal urethra, pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias
Intersex surgery
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Testicular dysgenesis syndrome

References
Further reading


== External links ==
Aortic rupture is the rupture or breakage of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. Aortic rupture is a rare, extremely dangerous condition. The most common cause is an abdominal aortic aneurysm that has ruptured spontaneously. Aortic rupture is distinct from aortic dissection, which is a tear through the inner wall of the aorta that can block the flow of blood through the aorta to the heart or abdominal organs. An aortic rupture can be classified according to its cause into one of the following main types:

Traumatic aortic rupture
Aortic rupture secondary to an aortic aneurysm

Signs and symptoms
Symptoms
Tearing pain, located in the abdomen, flank, groin, or back
Loss of consciousness

Signs
Low blood pressure from hypovolemic shock
Fast heart rate
Blue discoloration of the skin
Altered mental status
Bruising of the flank, a sign of retroperitoneal bleeding. Death

Causes
The most common cause of aortic rupture is a ruptured aortic aneurysm. Other causes include trauma and iatrogenic (procedure-related) causes. Mechanism
The wall of the aorta is an elastic structure which requires integrity. Rupture results from either loss of wall strength to the point at which systemic pressure is greater than wall strength, or external destruction of the wall of the aorta, by a tumor or traumatic means. The bleeding can be retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal, or the rupture can create an aortocaval (between the aorta and inferior vena cava) or aortoenteric (between the aorta and intestine) fistula. Diagnosis
The condition is often suspected in patients close to death with abdominal trauma or with relevant risk-factors. Diagnosis may be confirmed by ultrasound or X-ray computed tomography (CT) scan.