The company started Phase I trials in 2004.Under a partnership agreement announced in 2007 between Forest Laboratories and Microbia, Forest would pay $70 million in licensing fees towards the development of linaclotide, with profits shared between the two companies in the US; Forest obtained exclusive rights to market in Canada and Mexico. By 2010, Microbia had changed its name to Ironwood Pharmaceuticals and had licensed rights to distribute the drug in Europe to Almirall and had licensed Asian rights to Astellas Pharma.It was approved in the US and Europe in 2012.Forest was acquired in 2014 and eventually became part of Allergan. Allergan acquired rights from Almirall in 2015 and in 2017 acquired remaining rights in most of the rest of the world, excluding North America, Japan, and China.In 2014, Ironwood and Forest then Allergan began running direct-to-consumer advertising which raised sales by 21%; campaigns in 2015 and 2016 raised sales by 27% and 30%.In January 2017, plecanatide, a drug marketed under the name Trulance, was approved by the FDA for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC), and is likewise an agonist of guanylate cyclase, except with hexadecapeptide structure.In 2017, the list price for linaclotide in the US was $378 for 30 pills and plecanatide was priced the same; Allergan and Ironwood increased the price of linaclotide to around $414 in 2018.In April 2022, the list price for linaclotide in the US was $501-$515 with discount for 30 capsules at the big chain pharmacies. == References ==
Rh deficiency syndrome is a type of hemolytic anemia that involves erythrocytes whom membranes are deficient in Rh antigens. It is considered a rare condition. See also
List of hematologic conditions
RHAG

References


== External links ==