Though Dixson classifies humans as mildly polygynous in his survey of primate sexuality, he appears to have doubts, when he writes, "One might argue that ... the females orgasm is rewarding, increases her willingness to copulate with a variety of males rather than one partner, and thus promotes sperm competition." Ryan and Jethá use this as evidence for their theory that partible paternity and promiscuity were common for early modern humans. Adaptive or vestigial
The clitoris is homologous to the penis; that is, they both develop from the same embryonic structure. While researchers such as Geoffrey Miller, Helen Fisher, Meredith Small and Sarah Blaffer Hrdy "have viewed the clitoral orgasm as a legitimate adaptation in its own right, with major implications for female sexual behavior and sexual evolution," others, such as Donald Symons and Stephen Jay Gould, have asserted that the clitoris is vestigial or nonadaptive, and that the female orgasm serves no particular evolutionary function. However, Gould acknowledged that "most female orgasms emanate from a clitoral, rather than vaginal (or some other), site" and stated that his nonadaptive belief "has been widely misunderstood as a denial of either the adaptive value of female orgasm in general, or even as a claim that female orgasms lack significance in some broader sense".
This includes:
15-20% of patients with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1)
25% of patients with mutations in one of the RAS family of oncogenes (only in their leukemia cells)
Another 35% of patients with a mutation in a gene called PTPN11 (again, only in their leukemia cells). Diagnosis
The following criteria are required in order to diagnose JMML:All 4 of the following:

No Philadelphia chromosome or BCR/ABL fusion gene. Peripheral blood monocytosis >1 x 109/L. Less than 20% blasts (including promonocytes) in the blood and bone marrow (blast count is less than 2% on average)
SplenomegalyAt least one of:
Mutation in RAS or PTPN11
Diagnosis of neurofibromatosis 1
Chromosome 7 monosomyOr two or more of the following criteria:

Hemoglobin F increased for age. Immature granulocytes and nucleated red cells in the peripheral blood. White blood cell count >10 x 109/L. Clonal chromosomal abnormality (e.g., monosomy 7). Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) hypersensitivity of myeloid progenitors in vitro.These criteria are identified through blood tests and bone marrow tests. The differential diagnosis list includes infectious diseases like Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6, histoplasma, mycobacteria, and toxoplasma, which can produce similar symptoms.