One of the regions responsible for the symptoms of idic(15) syndrome is the critical PWS/AS-region named after the Prader-Willi and/or Angelman syndromes. Isodicentric chromosome 15 and autism
For more than 12 years, scientists have noticed that some individuals with autism also have idic(15). In fact, idic(15) is the most frequently identified chromosome problem in individuals with autism. (A chromosome anomaly involves extra or missing chromosomal material, not changes within the genes such as Fragile X syndrome). It is suggested that the co-occurrence of autism and idic(15) is not by chance. There may be a gene or genes in the 15q11-q13 region that is/are related to the development of autism in some individuals.Genetic research studies of individuals without chromosome anomalies also support this idea that an autism-related gene may be present in 15q11.2-q13.1 Specifically, research studies found that certain DNA markers from the (15q1.2-q13.1) region were found more often in individuals with autism than in individuals without autism. Although these DNA markers are too small to be genes, they suggest that researchers may be getting close to finding an autism gene in this region.A recent study reported the introduction of two extra copies of just a single gene present in the 15q11.2-q13.1 region, Ube3a, into mice to model the gene copy number expressed in the brain in idic(15). These mice displayed autism-related behavioral deficits including impaired social interaction, reduced ultrasonic vocal communication, and increased repetitive behavior (self-grooming). Diagnosis
The extra chromosome in people with idic(15) can be easily detected through chromosome analysis (karyotyping). Additional tests are usually required.
Atenolol/chlorthalidone, also known as co-tenidone, is a combination medication used to treat high blood pressure. It is made up of atenolol, a beta-blocker and chlortalidone, a diuretic. It is not recommended as an initial treatment but may be used in those who are taking atenolol and chlortalidone individually. It is taken by mouth.Common side effects include gastrointestinal upset and gout. Serious side effects may include liver problems, pancreatitis, and psychosis. Use is not recommended during pregnancy. Use during breastfeeding may harm the baby. Atenolol works by blocking β1-adrenergic receptors in the heart, thus decreasing the heart rate and workload. Chlorthalidone works by increasing the amount of sodium lost by the kidneys.The combination was approved for medical use in the United States in 1984. It is available as a generic medication. In 2017, it was the 295th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than one million prescriptions. References
External links
"Atenolol mixture with chlorthalidone". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.