Salpingitis isthmica nodosa (SIN), also known as diverticulosis of the Fallopian tube, is nodular thickening of the narrow part of the  uterine tube, due to inflammation. Signs and symptoms
SIN is associated with infertility and ectopic pregnancy, and may present as either. Pathology
It is characterized by nodular thickening of the tunica muscularis of the narrow (isthmic) portion of the Fallopian tube. In severe cases, it leads to complete obliteration of the tubal lumen. It is uncommonly bilateral.Gross Findings:

One or more nodules 1–2 mm, spanning up to 2 cm
Smooth serosaMicroscopic Findings:

Glandular epithelium within tubal muscularis propria, in continuation with mucosa or (more commonly) discontinuous
Haphazard distribution (akin to adenomyosis) or pseudoinfiltrative
Banal epithelium with tubal differentiation

Diagnosis
Hysterosalpingography, a common technique in the work-up of infertility, is reliable in the diagnosis of SIN, which is seen as small globular collections within the tubal wall, either discontinuous or in continuity with the tubal lumen. Tubal obstruction and hydrosalpinx are commonly seen as well. Other techniques include laparoscopic chromopertubation, salpingoscopy, and transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy (the latter allows visualization of the tubal mucosa)

Treatment
Once suspected clinically and radiologically, patients with infertility and SIN can be managed with segmental resection with tubo-cornual anastomosis, and recanalization if tubal obstruction is detected. Success with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRH-a) has been documented in terms of remission of nodularity and tubal patency. If fertility preservation is not desired, salpingectomy is recommended. See also
Vasitis nodosa
Salpingitis


== References ==
Diseases restricting lower thoracic/abdominal volume (e.g. obesity, diaphragmatic hernia, or the presence of ascites). Pleural thickening. Pathophysiology
In normal respiratory function, the air flows in through the upper airway, down through the bronchi and into the lung parenchyma (the bronchioles down to the alveoli) where gas exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs. During inspiration, the lungs expand to allow airflow into the lungs and thereby increasing total volume. After inspiration follows expiration during which the lungs recoil and push air back out of the pulmonary pathway. Lung compliance is the difference of volume during inspiration and expiration.Restrictive lung disease is characterized by reduced lung volumes, and therefore reduced lung compliance, either due to an intrinsic reason, for example a change in the lung parenchyma, or due to an extrinsic reason, for example diseases of the chest wall, pleura, or respiratory muscles. Generally, intrinsic causes are from lung parenchyma diseases that cause inflammation or scarring of the lung tissue, such as interstitial lung disease or pulmonary fibrosis, or from having the alveoli air spaces filled with external material such as debris or exudate in pneumonitis. As some diseases of the lung parenchyma progress, the normal lung tissue can be gradually replaced with scar tissue that is interspersed with pockets of air. This can lead to parts of the lung having a honeycomb-like appearance.