Epidemiology
Sparganosis is endemic or potentially endemic in 48 countries, and although rare, cases have been described in Asia, Africa, Australia, South America, and the United States. The majority of cases occur in Southeast Asia and Eastern Africa. Ocular sparganosis is especially prevalent in China and Vietnam. The highest numbers of cases occur in Korea and Japan. As of 2003, only seven cases of sparganosis had ever been described in Europe. History of discovery
Diesing first named the Sparganum genus of cestodes in 1854. Patrick Manson first reported sparganosis and the species Sparganum mansoni in China in 1882, while making the post-mortem examination of a man in Amoy, China. The first case of sparganosis in the United States was reported by Stiles in 1908; this was a case of infection by Spirometra proliferum. Mueller first described Spirometra mansonoides in the United States in 1935. References


== External links ==
Roughness may refer to:

Surface roughness, the roughness of a surface
Roughness length, roughness as applied in meteorology
International Roughness Index, the roughness of a road
Hydraulic roughness, the roughness of land and waterway features
Roughness (psychophysics) in psychoacoustics refers to the level of dissonance
The roughness of a line or surface, measured numerically by the Hausdorff dimension
Roughness/resel, the resel/roughness of an image/volume
Unnecessary roughness, a type of foul in gridiron football

See also
Surface finish