pilocarpine) whose dose would not be able to cause pupillary constriction in a normal patient, would cause it in a patient with Adies Syndrome. The circuitry for the pupillary constriction does not descend below the upper midbrain, henceforth impaired pupillary constriction is extremely important to detect as it can be an early sign of brainstem herniation. Diagnosis
Clinical exam may reveal sectoral paresis of the iris sphincter or vermiform iris movements. The tonic pupil may become smaller (miotic) over time which is referred to as "little old Adies". Testing with low dose (1/8%) pilocarpine may constrict the tonic pupil due to cholinergic denervation supersensitivity. A normal pupil will not constrict with the dilute dose of pilocarpine. CT scans and MRI scans may be useful in the diagnostic testing of focal hypoactive reflexes. Treatment
The usual treatment of a standardised Adie syndrome is to prescribe reading glasses to correct for impairment of the eye(s). Pilocarpine drops may be administered as a treatment as well as a diagnostic measure. Thoracic sympathectomy is the definitive treatment of diaphoresis, if the condition is not treatable by drug therapy. Prognosis
Adies syndrome is not life-threatening or disabling. As such, there is no mortality rate relating to the condition; however, loss of deep tendon reflexes is permanent and may progress over time. Epidemiology
It most commonly affects younger women (2.6:1 female preponderance) and is unilateral in 80% of cases. Average age of onset is 32 years. See also
Ciliary ganglion
Ross syndrome

References
Further reading


== External links ==
Paroxysmal tachycardia is a form of tachycardia which begins and ends in an acute (or paroxysmal) manner. It is also known as "Bouveret-Hoffmann syndrome". Cause
The cause of this condition is not accurately known, though it is probably of nervous origin and can be aggravated by physical wear and tear. The symptoms are sometimes very alarming but it is not considered in itself dangerous.It has an increased risk of developing in WPW syndrome and LGL syndrome. Diagnosis
Classification
It can be divided by the origin:
supraventricular tachycardia
ventricular tachycardia


== References ==