The role of surgery in AIN syndrome remains controversial. Indications for considering surgery include a known space-occupying lesion that is compressing the nerve (a mass) or fascial compression, and persistent symptoms beyond 1 year of conservative treatment. Symptoms and signs
Patients may experience poorly localised, transient pain in the wrist, i.e. where the sensory branch of the AIN is mapped in the brain. The pain is sometimes referred into the cubital fossa and elbow pain has been reported as being a primary complaint.⁠
The characteristic severe impairment of the pincer movement of the thumb and index finger is most striking. Clinical signs
In a pure lesion of the anterior interosseous nerve there is weakness of the long flexor muscle of the thumb (Flexor pollicis longus), the deep flexor muscles of the index  and middle fingers (Flexor digitorum profundus I & II), and the pronator quadratus muscle.There is no sensory deficit since the anterior interosseous nerve has no cutaneous branch to skin, but there is a large sensory branch to the volar carpus, and transient wrist pain may be experienced.
Spontaneous recovery has been reported, but is said to be delayed and incomplete.There may be a role for physiotherapy in some cases, and this should be directed specifically towards the pattern of pain and symptoms. Soft tissue massage, stretches and exercises to directly mobilise the nerve tissue may be used.⁠

History
The syndrome was first described by Parsonage and Turner in 1948⁠ and further defined as isolated lesion of the anterior interosseous nerve by Leslie Gordon Kiloh and Samuel Nevin in 1952. References


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