Gentle suction applied to the socket often produces a characteristic hollow sound. Perform a complete extra- and intra-oral examination using a dental mirror under good lighting, look for granulation tissue in the socket and openings into the antrum. Panoramic radiograph or paranasal computed tomography can help to locate the fistula, the size of it and to determine the presence of sinusitis and other foreign bodies. Other methods like radiographs (occipitomental, OPG and periapical views) can also be used to confirm the presence of any oroantral fistulas. To test the patency of communication the patient is asked to rinse the mouth or water is flushed in the tooth socket. Unilateral epistaxis is seen in case of collection of blood in the sinus cavity. Do not probe or irrigate the site, because it may lead to sinusitis or push foreign bodies, such as contaminated fragments, or oral flora further into the antrum. Hence, leading to the formation of a new fistula or widen an existing one. Complications
OAF is a complication of oroantral communication. Other complications may arise if left untreated. For example:

Candidal infection
Chronic maxillary sinus infection of bacterial origin
Osteomyelitis
Rhinosinusitis
Sinus pathologyTherefore, OAF should be dealt with first, before treating the complications. Prevention
Whilst in some circumstances, preventing development of an OAF following extraction of a tooth can be difficult, careful assessment is important.
In medicine, bilirubinuria is an abnormality in which conjugated bilirubin is detected in the urine.The term "biliuria" is very similar, but more general. It refers to the presence of any bile pigment in the urine. Conjugated bilirubin is detected in urine at bilirubinemia of approximately 30-34 mmol/L or 2 mg/dL. In this concentration of conjugated bilirubin in the blood appears as yellowness of the mucous membranes and sclera. Causes
The most common cause of bilirubinuria is hepatocellular disease. More rare causes include inherited disorders, such as Dubin–Johnson syndrome and Rotor syndrome.Although Gilberts syndrome and Crigler–Najjar syndrome are characterized by increased bilirubin in the serum, the bilirubin in these inherited disorders is not conjugated and thus not excreted in the urine. The increase of stercobilin (urobilin) in the feces and urine is caused by the enhanced intracellular hemolysis of erythrocytes. Formed an unconjugated bilirubin entering the intestine, gives a large number of stercobilinogen (urobilinogen). Last absorbed into the blood and passes into the urine. Diagnosis
in order To properly

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