A fourth case occurred on 3 December 2019, when monkeypox was diagnosed in a person in south west England. They were travelling to the UK from Nigeria. 2019 Singapore case
On 8 May 2019, a 38-year-old man who travelled from Nigeria was hospitalised in an isolation ward at the National Centre for Infectious Diseases in Singapore, after being confirmed as the countrys first case of monkeypox. As a result, 22 people were quarantined. The case may have been linked to a simultaneous outbreak in Nigeria. 2021 cases in United Kingdom, United States
On 24 May in the UK, three cases of monkeypox from a single household were identified by Public Health Wales. The cases were also announced by Health Secretary Matt Hancock while addressing MPs. The index case was diagnosed on 24 May after traveling from Nigeria. The second case was reported on 2 June, and the third on 24 June. One of the three patients, an adult female, was treated with tecovirimat. On day 7 of tecovirimat, she was discharged from hospital to complete her second week of treatment at home.On 14 July in the US, an American returning from a trip in Nigeria was diagnosed with monkeypox. Subsequent testing identified the virus as belonging to clade II. The patient was hospitalized and treated with tecovirimat and was discharged after 32 days, at which time monkeypox virus DNA could no longer be detected in residual skin lesions. 2022 outbreak
History
Monkeypox was first identified as a distinct illness in 1958 among laboratory monkeys in Copenhagen, Denmark.
Treatment and prevention
While curable, BA is potentially fatal if not treated. BA responds dramatically to several antibiotics. Usually, erythromycin will cause the skin lesions to gradually fade away in the next four weeks, resulting in complete recovery. Doxycycline may also be used. However, if the infection does not respond to either of these, the medication is usually changed to tetracycline. If the infection is serious, then a bactericidal medication may be coupled with the antibioticsIf a cat is carrying Bartonella henselae, then it may not exhibit any symptoms. Cats may be bacteremic for weeks to years, but infection is more common in young cats. Transmission to humans is thought to occur via flea feces inoculated into a cat scratch or bite, and transmission between cats occurs only in the presence of fleas. Therefore, elimination and control of fleas in the cats environment are key to prevention of infection in both cats and humans. History
The condition that later became known as bacillary angiomatosis was first described by Stoler and associates in 1983. Being unaware of its infectious origin, it was originally called epithelioid angiomatosis. Following documentation of bacilli in Warthin-Starry stains and by electron microscopy in a series of cases by LeBoit and colleagues, the term bacillary angiomatosis was widely adopted. See also
Cat scratch fever
Trench fever
Angiomatosis

References


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