This resulted in the APHA arranging a Symposium on Poliomyelitis to be delivered at the Annual Meeting of their Southern Branch the following month. It was during the discussion at this meeting that Dr. James Leake of the U.S. Public Health Service stood to immediately present clinical evidence that the Kolmer vaccine had caused several deaths and then allegedly accused Kolmer of being a murderer. As Rivers recalled in his oral history, "All hell broke loose, and it seemed as if everybody was trying to talk at the same time....Jimmy Leake used the strongest language that I have ever heard used at a scientific meeting." In response to the attacks from all sides, Brodie was reported to have stood up and stated, "It looks as though, according to Dr. Rivers, my vaccine is no good, and, according to Dr. Leake, Dr Kolmers is dangerous." Kolmer simply responded by stating, "Gentlemen, this is one time I wish the floor would open up and swallow me." Ultimately, Kolmers live vaccine was undoubtedly shown to be dangerous and had already been withdrawn in September 1935 prior to the Milwaukee meeting. While the consensus of the symposium was largely sceptical of the efficacy of Brodies vaccine, its safety was not in question and the recommendation was for a much larger well-controlled trial.
Tinea manuum is a fungal infection of the hand, mostly a type of dermatophytosis, often part of two feet-one hand syndrome. There is diffuse scaling on the palms or back of usually one hand and the palmer creases appear more prominent. When both hands are affected, the rash looks different on each hand, with palmer creases appearing whitish if the infection has been present for a long time. It can be itchy and look slightly raised. Nails may also be affected.The most common cause is Trichophyton rubrum. The infection can result from touching another area of the body with a fungal infection such as athletes foot or fungal infection of groin, contact with an infected person or animal, or from contact with soil or contaminated towels. Risk factors include diabetes, high blood pressure, weak immune system, humid surroundings, excessive sweating, recurrent hand trauma and cracks in feet. Pet owners and farmworkers are also at higher risk. Machine operators, mechanics, gas/electricity workers and people who work with chemicals have also been reported to be at greater risk.Diagnosis is by visualization, direct microscopy and culture. Psoriasis of the palms, pompholyx and contact dermatitis may appear similar. Treatment is usually with long-term topical antifungal medications. If not resolving, terbinafine or itraconazole taken by mouth might be options.It occurs worldwide.