These mortality-related effects are thought to be a consequence of androgen deprivation, rather than due to a specific drug-related toxicity of bicalutamide.There are 10 published case reports of liver toxicity associated with bicalutamide as of 2021. Death occurred in 2 of these cases. In all reported cases, the onset of toxicity was within the first 6 months of treatment. Symptoms that may indicate liver dysfunction include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, anorexia, "flu-like" symptoms, dark urine, and jaundice. There are also published case reports of interstitial pneumonitis and eosinophilic lung disease associated with bicalutamide. Interstitial pneumonitis can potentially progress to pulmonary fibrosis and may be fatal. Symptoms that may indicate lung dysfunction include dyspnea (difficult breathing or shortness of breath), cough, and pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharynx, resulting in sore throat). Both hepatotoxicity and interstitial pneumonitis are said to be very rare events with bicalutamide. A few cases of photosensitivity have been reported with bicalutamide. Hypersensitivity reactions (drug allergy) like angioedema and hives have also uncommonly been reported in association with bicalutamide.Because it is an antiandrogen, bicalutamide has a theoretical risk of birth defects like ambiguous genitalia and brain feminization in male fetuses. Due to its teratogenic capacity, contraception should be used in women taking bicalutamide who are fertile and sexually active. Comparison
The side effect profile of bicalutamide in men and women differs from that of other antiandrogens and is considered favorable in comparison.
Notable cases
Former U.S. President George H. W. Bush and his wife Barbara Bush were both diagnosed with Graves disease and goitres, within two years of each other. The disease caused hyperthyroidism and cardiac dysrhythmia. Scientists said that, absent an environmental cause, the odds of both a husband and wife having Graves disease might be 1 in 100,000 or as low as 1 in 3,000,000. Heraldry
The coat of arms and crest of Die Kröpfner, of Tyrol showed a man "afflicted with a large goitre", an apparent pun on the German for the word ("Kropf"). See also
David Marine conducted substantial research on the treatment of goitre with iodine. Endemic goitre
Struma ovarii—a kind of teratoma
Thyroid hormone receptor

References


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