This is very significant in regards to developing a differential diagnosis and eventually for the purposes of creating a treatment plan for the patient.Many causes may present as either visible hematuria or microscopic hematuria, and so the differential diagnosis is frequently organized based upon glomerular and non-glomerular causes. Glomerular hematuria
Glomerular causes include:

IgA nephropathy
Thin glomerular basement membrane disease
Hereditary nephritis (Alports disease)
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Postinfectious glomerulonephritisCertain infectious agents like Group B Strep(strep pyogenes) can cause a person to get a very specific manifestation known as post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. This manifestation results in a person having the symptom of cola-colored urine. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
Lupus nephritis
Henoch-Shonlein purpura
Nephritic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome
Polycystic kidney disease
Idiopathic hematuria

Non-glomerular hematuria
Visible blood clots in the urine indicate a non-glomerular cause. Non-glomerular causes include:

Urinary tract infections, such as pyelonephritis, cystitis, prostatitis, and urethritis
Kidney stones
Cancers, such as renal cell carcinoma and bladder cancer (particularly transitional cell carcinoma), and in men, prostate cancer
Urinary tract strictures
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Renal papillary necrosis
Trauma or damage to the lining of the urinary tract
Intense exercise
Increased tendency to bleed due to acquired or genetic conditions (e.g. sickle cell disease or vitamin K deficiency bleeding) or certain medications (e.g. blood thinners)

Mimickers of hematuria
Pigmenturia
Not all red or brown urine is caused by hematuria. Other substances such as certain medications and certain foods can cause urine to appear red.Medications that may cause urine to appear red include:

Phenazopyridine
Nitrofurantoin
Doxorubicin
RifampicinFoods that may cause urine to appear red include:

Blackberries
Food dyes. Beets
Rhubarb
Fava beans

False positive urine dipstick
A urine dipstick may be falsely positive for hematuria due to other substances in the urine.
Lastly, a transfusion and/or a correction of a coexisting coagulopathy may be necessary. Medical Emergency: Urosepsis
Urosepsis is defined as sepsis caused by a urogenital tract infection and comprises about 25% of all sepsis cases. Urosepsis is the result of a systemic inflammatory response to infection and can be identified by numerous signs and symptoms (e.g. fever, hypothermia, tachycardia, and leukocytosis). Signs and symptoms that indicate a urogential tract infection is the source of the sepsis may include, but are not limited to, flank pain, costovertebral angle tenderness, pain with micturition, urinary retention, and scrotal pain. In terms of the visibility, hematuria can be visible to the naked eye (termed "gross hematuria") and may appear red or brown (sometimes referred to as tea-colored), or it can be microscopic (i.e. not visible to the eye but detected of urosepsis. In addition to imaging tests, patients may be treated with antibiotics to relieve the infection and intravenous fluids to maintain cardiovascular and renal perfusion. Acute management of hemodynamic status, in the event intravenous fluids are unsuccessful, may include the use of vasopressor medications and the placement of a central venous line. Epidemiology
In the United States of America, microscopic hematuria has a prevalence of somewhere between 2% and 31%. Higher rates exist in individuals older than 60 years of age and those with a current or prior history of smoking. Only a fraction of individuals with microhematuria are diagnosed with a urologic cancer.