See also
Auditory processing disorder
Dyslexia
Language processing
Linguistics
Origin of speech
Pragmatic language impairment

References
Further reading
Beitchman, J. H., & Brownlie, E. B. (2014). Language Disorders in Children and Adolescents Boston: Hogrefe. ISBN 9780889373389
Paul, Rhea (2007). Language disorders from infancy through adolescence: assessment & intervention. Mosby Elsevier. ISBN 0-323-03685-6. OCLC 487807750. External links
Helpful article by Professor Maggie Snowling: Dyslexia and developmental language disorder: same or different? Talking Point: Check the progress of your childs language development
What Works: Database of evidence-based interventions
They occur more frequently in patients with an earlier onset of bipolar disorder, are associated with higher frequency of episodes, and are associated with a greater risk of substance use, anxiety disorders, and suicidality. In addition, they are associated with increased treatment resistance compared to non-mixed episodes. Relapse
Bipolar disorder is often a lifelong condition, and patients should be followed up regularly for relapse prevention. Although BP-II is thought to be less severe than BP-I in regard to symptom intensity, BP-II is associated with higher frequencies of rapid cycling and depressive episodes. In the case of a relapse, patients may experience new onset sleep disturbance, racing thoughts and/or speech, anxiety, irritability, and increase in emotional intensity. Family and/or friends may notice that patients are arguing more frequently with them, spending more money than usual, are increasing their binging on food, drugs, or alcohol, and may suddenly start taking on many projects at once. These symptoms often occur and are considered early warning signs.Psychosocial factors in a persons life can trigger a relapse in patients with BP-II. These include stressful life events, criticism from peers or relatives, and a disrupted circadian rhythm. In addition, the addition of antidepressant medications can trigger a hypomanic episode. Comorbid conditions
Comorbid conditions are extremely common in individuals with BP-II. In fact, individuals are twice as likely to present a comorbid disorder than not. These include anxiety, eating, personality (cluster B), and substance use disorders. For BP-II, the most conservative estimate of lifetime prevalence of alcohol or other substance use disorders is 20%.