It also states that for a diagnosis of pedophilic disorder, "the individual must have acted on these thoughts, fantasies or urges or be markedly distressed by them. This diagnosis does not apply to sexual behaviours among pre- or post-pubertal children with peers who are close in age. "Several terms have been used to distinguish "true pedophiles" from non-pedophilic and non-exclusive offenders, or to distinguish among types of offenders on a continuum according to strength and exclusivity of pedophilic interest, and motivation for the offense (see child sexual offender types). Exclusive pedophiles are sometimes referred to as true pedophiles. They are sexually attracted to prepubescent children, and only prepubescent children. Showing no erotic interest in adults, they can only become sexually aroused while fantasizing about or being in the presence of prepubescent children, or both. Non-exclusive offenders—or "non-exclusive pedophiles"—may at times be referred to as non-pedophilic offenders, but the two terms are not always synonymous. Non-exclusive offenders are sexually attracted to both children and adults, and can be sexually aroused by both, though a sexual preference for one over the other in this case may also exist. If the attraction is a sexual preference for prepubescent children, such offenders are considered pedophiles in the same vein as exclusive offenders.Neither the DSM nor the ICD-11 diagnostic criteria require actual sexual activity with a prepubescent youth. The diagnosis can therefore be made based on the presence of fantasies or sexual urges even if they have never been acted upon.
Individuals affected by OCA1A should be attentive to the amount of sun exposure they experience and wear proper protection such as clothing that covers the skin. Additionally, individuals may need corrective visual aids for their visual acuity of 1/10 or less with intense photophobia. Visual aids can both improve vision or protect eyes from bright lights. These visual aids can be adjusted for based on individual needs. Individuals should receive annual skin evaluation to access for damage or skin cancers that can be induced from sun exposure. In some situations, therapy or surgery can correct crossed eyes (strabismus) or rapid eye movements (nystagmus). Epidemiology
The highest frequency of Albinism type IA is in Northern Ireland, with a phenotype frequency of around 1: 10,000. First cousin - marriages accounted for 4.5% of the parents of patients. Additionally, symptoms that could be heterozygous mutations, such as abnormal iris translucency occurred in 70% of the parents and children of individuals affected with this condition. In general, the phenotypical appearance of OCA1A is associated with northern and western Europe. This is because over 50% of OCA1 subjects are Caucasians. OCA1 is also the most common form of Albinism in China and Japan. The overall frequency is 1: 20,000 people in the world. References


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