Meconium in the amniotic fluid
If a fetus has meconium in their lungs when they are born, this prevents the pressure in their lungs from falling, which normally facilitates the transition to independent breathing. Since aspiration of meconium can lead to improper oxygenation due to obstruction and carries the potential risk for inflammatory pneumonitis, this is an important diagnosis to make in the setting of newborn respiratory distress. Gestational Hypertension
If hypertension in the mother occurs after the 20th week and meets certain criteria, this is considered preeclampsia/eclampsia. The mechanism of preeclampsia/eclampsia is unknown, but consequences if left untreated can include fetal growth restriction or death, as well as pose medical risks to the mother. Signs and symptoms of preeclampsia can include swelling, protein in the urine, headaches, vomiting, and abnormal labs that assess kidney and liver function, some of which may be considered severe preeclampsia or eclampsia. Post-term pregnancy
Breathing problems
Anemia
Abnormal position and presentation of the fetus
Multiple births
Shoulder dystocia
Umbilical cord prolapse
Nuchal cord
Placental abruption
Premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus
Uterine rupture
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, a liver disorder during pregnancy
Maternal diabetes (Type 1 or 2) or gestational diabetes (GDM)

Prevention
Monitoring of the mother and fetus prior to birth is critical to avoid complications after birth. This is often done via electronic fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring, which helps providers monitor the fetus heart rate to ensure it is receiving enough oxygen, monitor the mothers contractions, and monitor the mothers blood pressure and systemic symptoms for gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, or eclampsia.
Individuals with cystic fibrosis often develop nasal polyps.Amiodarone is a drug used in the treatment of arrhythmias of the heart. A clinical study demonstrated that the use of this drug induced anosmia in some patients. Although rare, there was a case in which a 66-year-old male was treated with amiodarone for ventricular tachycardia. After the use of the drug he began experiencing olfactory disturbance, however after decreasing the dosage of amiodarone, the severity of the anosmia decreased accordingly, suggesting a relationship between use of amiodarone to the development of anosmia. COVID-19-related anosmia
Chemosensory disturbances, including loss of smell or taste, are the predominant neurological symptom of COVID-19. As many as 80% of COVID-19 patients exhibit some change in chemesthesis, including smell. Loss of smell has also been found to be more predictive of COVID-19 than all other symptoms, including fever, cough or fatigue, based on a survey of 2 million participants in the UK and US. Google searches for "smell", "loss of smell", "anosmia", and other similar terms increased since the early months of the pandemic, and strongly correlated with increases in daily cases and deaths. Research into the mechanisms underlying these symptoms is currently ongoing.Many countries list anosmia as an official COVID-19 symptom, and some have developed "smell tests" as potential screening tools.In 2020, the Global Consortium for Chemosensory Research, a collaborative research organization of international smell and taste researchers, formed to investigate loss of smell and related chemosensory symptoms. List of causes
Diagnosis
Doctors will begin with a detailed elicitation of history.