Renee Cox’s Yo Mama series of nude self-portraits challenge historical representations of both the black female body and of maternity and slavery in the US, the latter of which is often characterized by the “extreme passivity and devalued love” typically associated with motherhood. Synonyms and translations
The proverbial "first word" of an infant often sounds like "ma" or "mama". This strong association of that sound with "mother" has persisted in nearly every language on earth, countering the natural localization of language. Familiar or colloquial terms for mother in English are:

Ma(মা), Mata (মাতা), Amma (আম্মা), Ammu (আম্মু) used in Bangladesh, India. Aama, Mata used in Nepal
Mom and mommy are used in the United States, Canada, South Africa, and parts of the West Midlands including Birmingham in the United Kingdom. Inay, Nanay, Mama, Ma, Mom, Mommy are used in the Philippines
Mum and mummy and mama are used in the United Kingdom, Canada, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, India, Pakistan, Hong Kong and Ireland. Ma, mam, and mammy are used in Netherlands, Ireland, the Northern areas of the United Kingdom, and Wales; it is also used in some areas of the United States. Mama was imported into Japan from American influence post-World War II, and is a less formal term for motherIn many other languages, similar pronunciations apply:

Amma (அம்மா) or Thai (தாய்)  in Tamil. Bi-ma (बिमा) in Bodo. Maa, aai, amma, and mata are used in languages of India like Assamese, Bengali, Hindi, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu etc.
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) has similar symptoms as X-linked dominant erythropoietic protoporphyria but the mutation occurs as a loss-of-function in the FECH (ferrochelatase) enzyme; the very last enzyme in the pathway. All individuals studied presented symptoms without mutations in the FECH enzyme. The patterns of inheritance led the researchers to conclude the mutation must come from an enzyme on the X-chromosome with ALAS2 being the most likely candidate. X-linked dominant erythropoietic protoporphyria is distinct from EPP in that there is no overload of Fe2+ ions. Additionally, unlike the other condition the arises out of a mutation of the ALAS2 gene, there is no anaemia. XDEPP is characterized by a buildup of protoporphyrin IX caused by in increased level of function in the ALAS2 enzyme. Because there is a buildup of protoporphyrin IX with no malfunction of the FECH enzyme, all the available Fe2+ is used in the production of heme, causing the FECH enzyme to use Zn2+ in its place,  causing a buildup of zinc-protoporphyrin IX. Diagnosis
See also
Hepatic porphyria

References


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