Tailors bunion  is a condition caused as a result of inflammation of the fifth metatarsal bone at the base of the little toe.It is usually characterized by inflammation, pain and redness of the little toe. Often a tailors bunion is caused by a faulty mechanical structure of the foot. The fifth metatarsal bone starts to protrude outward, while the little toe moves inward. This change in alignment creates an enlargement on the outside of the foot. It is mostly similar to a bunion (the same type of ailment affecting the big toe). It is called Tailors bunion because in past centuries, tailors sat cross-legged, and this was thought to cause this protrusion on the outside aspect of the foot. Patients will present with a history of pain of the lateral bunion, plantar callous, and pain that increases with constrictive shoe wear. Studies have shown that tight shoe wear can cause both bunions as well as Tailors bunions. Treatment
Non-surgical therapies include:
Shoe modifications: wearing shoes that have a wide toe box, and avoiding those with pointed toes or high heels. Oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may help in relieving the pain and inflammation. Injections of corticosteroid are commonly used to treat the inflammation. Bunionette pads placed over the affected area may help reduce pain. An ice pack may be applied to reduce pain and inflammation.Surgery is often considered when pain continues for a long period with no improvement in these non-surgical therapies.
Dysuria refers to painful or uncomfortable urination.It is one of a constellation of irritative bladder symptoms (also sometimes referred to as lower urinary tract symptoms), which includes nocturia and urinary frequency. Diagnosis
The clinician should also look for physical findings of fever, rash, direct tenderness over the bladder area, and joint pain. Physical findings of increased temperature, increased pulse, low blood pressure in the presence of dysuria can indicate systemic infection. Urological obstruction due to stone or tumor can result in findings of hematuria, decreased urination, and bladder spasms. All these physical findings should be looked for carefully while obtaining history. History regarding recent sexual activity is crucial.Urinalysis is the most useful test to start the work up in a patient of dysuria. Urinalysis positive for nitrite carries a high predictive value of a positive urine culture. Also, urine dipstick showing leukocytes as equal predictive value as the presence of nitrites. When both are present, the predictive value goes even higher. If the patient only has leukocyte esterase or bacteria in the urine, then dysuria may suggest that the patient probably has urethritis. Differential diagnosis
This is typically described to be a burning or stinging sensation. It is most often a result of a urinary tract infection. It may also be due to an STD, bladder stones, bladder tumors, and virtually any condition of the prostate. It can also occur as a side effect of anticholinergic medication used for Parkinsons disease.