calcium or magnesium).As a differential diagnosis is made, other tests may be necessary, including toxicological screening and imaging of the kidneys, along with testing of electrolytes (including chloride), glucose, kidney function, and a full blood count. Urinalysis can reveal acidity (salicylate poisoning) or alkalinity (renal tubular acidosis type I). In addition, it can show ketones in ketoacidosis. It is also important to differentiate between acidosis-induced hyperventilation and asthma; otherwise, treatment could lead to inappropriate bronchodilation. Pathophysiology
Compensatory mechanisms
Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low concentration of bicarbonate (HCO−3), which can happen with increased generation of acids (such as ketoacids or lactic acid), excess loss of HCO−3 by the kidneys or gastrointestinal tract, or an inability to generate sufficient HCO−3. Thus demonstrating the importance of maintaining balance between acids and bases in the body for maintaining optimal functioning of organs, tissues and cells. The body regulates the acidity of the blood by four buffering mechanisms. Bicarbonate buffering system
Intracellular buffering by absorption of hydrogen atoms by various molecules, including proteins, phosphates and carbonate in bone. Respiratory compensation. Hyperventilation will cause more carbon dioxide to be removed from the body and thereby increases pH. Kidney compensation

Buffer
The decreased bicarbonate that distinguishes metabolic acidosis is therefore due to two separate processes: the buffer (from water and carbon dioxide) and additional renal generation.
In more severe cases, in-vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection may be used. Intentional induction
Retrograde ejaculation can be deliberately induced by squeezing the urethra at the base or applying pressure to the perineum during orgasm. The retrograde-ejaculated sperm goes into the bladder and is excreted with the next urination. Contraception
In certain cultures, such as in the Oneida Community, retrograde ejaculation is performed as a form of primitive male birth control (coitus saxonicus). However, the practice is not considered a reliable method compared to most modern types of birth control. Besides the  lack of protection from STDs, the technique itself can be hard to execute correctly during the act of coitus, especially if the male does not fully understand the anatomy involved. Many doctors also do not recommend coitus saxonicus due to the risk of putting pressure on the pudendal nerve, which can cause numbness in the penis. Taoism
Taoists and some fields of alternative medicine recommend and teach deliberate retrograde ejaculation as a way of "conserving the bodys energy". It was believed that retrograde ejaculation caused the sperm to travel into the head and nourish the brain, or that energy is conserved physically by keeping the sperm (and thereby, the "intelligence" that created it) in the body. However, there are other Taoist perspectives on the general subject of ejaculation and techniques that do not involve retrograde ejaculation (see Taoist sexual practices). See also
Aspermia
Ejaculatory duct obstruction
Hypospermia
Internal urethral sphincter
Spermaturia

Notes


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