Asexual reproduction manifests in one of two forms: the Scedosporium type (the most common type) and the Graphium type. Scedosporium apiospermum forms greyish-white colonies with a grey-black reverse. The conidia are single-celled, pale brown and oval in form. Their size ranges from 4–9 x 6–10 μm and their development is annellidic. Pathogenicity
Pseudallescheria boydii is an emerging opportunistic pathogen. Immune response is characterized by TLR2 recognition of P. boydii derived α-glucans, while TLR4 mediates the recognition of P. boydii derived rhamnomannans. Human infection takes one of two forms: mycetoma (99% of infections), a chronic, subcutaneous disease, and pseudallescheriasis, which includes all other forms of the disease commonly presented in the central nervous system, lungs, joints and bone. The former can also be distinguished by the presence of sclerotia, or granules, which are typically absent in pseudallescheriasis-type infections. Infection is initiated via inhalation or traumatic implantation in the skin. Infection can lead to arthritis, otitis, endocarditis, sinusitis, and other manifestations. Masses of hyphae can form "fungus balls" in the lungs. While "fungus balls" can also form in other organs, they are commonly derived from host necrotic tissue resulting from nodular infarction and thrombosis of lung vessels following infection.This species is second in prevalence after Aspergillus fumigatus as a fungal pathogen in cystic fibrosis patients. It causes allergic bronchopulmonary disease and chronic lung lesions that resemble aspergillosis. Infections can also occur in immunocompetent individuals, usually in the lungs and upper respiratory tract.
Hypercementosis is an idiopathic, non-neoplastic condition characterized by the excessive buildup of normal cementum (calcified tissue) on the roots of one or more teeth. A thicker layer of cementum can give the tooth an enlarged appearance, which mainly occurs at the apex or apices of the tooth. Signs and symptoms
It is experienced as an uncomfortable sensation in the tooth, followed by an aching pain.It may be shown on radiographs as a radiopaque (or lighter) mass at each root apex. Cause
Can be caused by many things. A way to remember the causes is "PIG ON TAP"Local factors- 

Occlusal Trauma
Trauma
Non-functional tooth
Unopposed tooth (and impacted teeth, embedded teeth, teeth without antagonists)Systemic factors-

Idiopathic
Pituitary Gigantism
Pagets Disease
Acromegaly
Periapical granuloma
Arthritis
Calcinosis
Rheumatic feverIt may be one of the complications of Pagets disease of bone in the form of generalized hypercementosis. It may also be a compensatory mechanism in response to attrition to increase occlusal tooth height. Complications
Such deposits form bulbous enlargements on the roots and may interfere with extractions, especially if adjacent teeth become fused (concrescence). It may also result in pulpal necrosis by blocking blood supply via the apical foramen. References


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