A recent study of 15 cases of limbic encephalitis found raised VGKC-Abs associated with non-paraneoplastic disorders and remission following immunosuppressive treatment. Classification
Limbic encephalitis is broadly grouped into two types: paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis and non-paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PNLE) is caused by cancer or tumor, and may be treated by removal of the tumor. Non-paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (NPLE) is not associated with cancer. More common than PNLE, it is caused by an infection, auto-immune disorder, or other condition that may never be identified. Symptoms and signs
Symptoms develop over days or weeks. The subacute development of short-term memory deficits is considered the hallmark of this disease, but this symptom is often overlooked, because it is overshadowed by other more obvious symptoms such as headache, irritability, sleep disturbance, delusions, hallucinations, agitation, seizures and psychosis, or because the other symptoms mean the patient has to be sedated, and it is not possible to test memory in a sedated patient. Cause
Limbic encephalitis is associated with an autoimmune reaction. In non-paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, this is typically due to infection (commonly herpes simplex virus) or as a systemic autoimmune disorder. Limbic encephalitis associated with cancer or tumors is called paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. Diagnosis
The diagnosis of limbic encephalitis is extremely difficult and it is usual for the diagnosis to be delayed for weeks. The key diagnostic test (detection of specific auto-antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid) is not routinely offered by most immunology laboratories.
Bleb or bulla
The most common disease causing blebs or bullae is paraseptal emphysema though centrilobular emphysema may sometimes be involved. Other conditions associated with lung bullae are:
Other conditions associated with lung bullae are:

Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency
Marfan syndrome
Ehlers–Danlos syndromes
Cocaine smoking
Sarcoidosis
HIV/AIDS
Intravenous substance abuse

Cyst
A pulmonary cyst is not necessarily the same type of cyst seen in many cystic lung diseases. The cyst for example in pneumocystis pneumonia is not the same as the pulmonary cyst. Cystic lung diseases include:

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH)
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM)
Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP)
Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Pulmonary amyloidosis
Light chain deposition disease
Lung metastases rarely cause multiple cystic lung lesions. This form of presentation has been described in metastatic sarcomas. Incidental blebs and cysts
A focal lung pneumatosis that is an incidental imaging finding such as on a CT scan, without suspicious findings (such as findings indicating any of the diseases listed above), generally does not indicate further follow-up. Cavity

Two infectious diseases that are commonly associated with cavities of lung tissue are Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The formation of cavities is due to tissue necrosis and creates an environment that allows the pathogen to expand in numbers and spread further.In the absence of infectious symptoms, a lung nodule with cavitation is a suspected lung cancer. == References ==