This is due to a subset of apraxia which affects speech. Specifically, this subset affects the movement of muscles associated with speech production, apraxia and aphasia are often correlated due to the proximity of neural substrates associated with each of the disorders. Researchers concluded that there were 2 areas of lesion overlap between patients with apraxia and aphasia, the anterior temporal lobe and the left inferior parietal lobe.Treatment and Neuroimaging
Evidence for positive treatment outcomes can also be quantified using neuroimaging tools. The use of fMRI and an automatic classifier can help predict language recovery outcomes in stroke patients with 86% accuracy when coupled with age and language test scores. The stimuli tested were sentences both correct and incorrect and the subject had to press a button whenever the sentence was incorrect. The fMRI data collected focused on responses in regions of interest identified by healthy subjects. Recovery from aphasia can also be quantified using diffusion tensor imaging. The accurate fasciculus (AF) connects the right and left superior temporal lobe, premotor regions/posterior inferior frontal gyrus. and the primary motor cortex. In a study which enrolled patients in a speech therapy program, an increase in AF fibers and volume was found in patients after 6-weeks in the program which correlated with long-term improvement in those patients. The results of the experiment are pictured in Figure 2. This implies that DTI can be used to quantify the improvement in patients after speech and language treatment programs are applied.
Familial cutaneous collagenoma is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by the presence of multiple symmetric nodules on the trunk and upper arms in multiple members of the same family. The nodules are flesh-colored, asymptomatic, and they start appearing during adolescent years.It has been described in 10 families worldwide.These nodules are caused by an overgrowth of collagen fibers with an accompanying decreased number of elastic fibers.In some cases, this condition is associated with anomalies in other parts of the body. Genetics
In a 2-generation Israeli Jewish family (whose affected members were two biological cousins), Hershkovitz et al. found a heterozygous mutation in the LEMD3 gene in both cousins and in the unaffected father of one of them. Possibly related complications
In 1968, Henderson et al. described 3 American brothers with the condition, and found that each one of them had health complications: the first brother suffered from idiopathic cardiomyopathy, the second suffered from iris atrophy of the left eye with accompanying severe high-frequency deafness, and the third suffered from recurrent vasculitis. == References ==