Some antibiotics such as β-lactams have been found to induce a persistent-like growth state. Diagnosis
The diagnosis of genital chlamydial infections evolved rapidly from the 1990s through 2006. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT), such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transcription mediated amplification (TMA), and the DNA strand displacement amplification (SDA) now are the mainstays. NAAT for chlamydia may be performed on swab specimens sampled from the cervix (women) or urethra (men), on self-collected vaginal swabs, or on voided urine. NAAT has been estimated to have a sensitivity of approximately 90% and a specificity of approximately 99%, regardless of sampling from a cervical swab or by urine specimen. In women seeking an sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic and a urine test is negative, a subsequent cervical swab has been estimated to be positive in approximately 2% of the time.At present, the NAATs have regulatory approval only for testing urogenital specimens, although rapidly evolving research indicates that they may give reliable results on rectal specimens. Because of improved test accuracy, ease of specimen management, convenience in specimen management, and ease of screening sexually active men and women, the NAATs have largely replaced culture, the historic gold standard for chlamydia diagnosis, and the non-amplified probe tests. The latter test is relatively insensitive, successfully detecting only 60–80% of infections in asymptomatic women, and often giving falsely-positive results. Culture remains useful in selected circumstances and is currently the only assay approved for testing non-genital specimens.
Etymology
The signs and symptoms of DiGeorge syndrome are so varied that different groupings of its features were once regarded as separate conditions. These original classifications included velocardiofacial syndrome, Shprintzen syndrome, DiGeorge sequence/syndrome, Sedlackova syndrome, and conotruncal anomaly face syndrome. All are now understood to be presentations of a single syndrome. ICD-10 2015 version mentions DiGeorge syndrome using two codes:  D82.1 (Di George syndrome) and Q93.81 (Velo-cardio-facial syndrome). The ICD-11 Beta Draft discusses the syndrome under “LD50.P1 CATCH 22 phenotype". However, since this syndrome is caused by the deletion of a small piece of chromosome 22, some recommend that the name "22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS)" be used. Some experts support changing the name of both DiGeorge and velocardiofacial syndromes to CATCH-22. The International 22q11.2 Foundation, through its "Same Name Campaign", advocates for the name 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. See also
References
This article incorporates public domain text from The U.S. National Library of Medicine

External links

DiGeorge syndrome at Curlie
McDonald-McGinn DM, Emanuel BS, Zackai EH (December 16, 2005). "22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome". In Pagon RA, Bird TD, Dolan CR, Stephens K (eds.). GeneReviews. University of Washington, Seattle. PMID 20301696. NBK1523. Firth HV (February 17, 2009). "22q11.2 Duplication". In Pagon RA, Bird TD, Dolan CR, Stephens K (eds.). GeneReviews. University of Washington, Seattle. PMID 20301749. NBK3823.