In a case study on sperm granuloma and antisperm antibody count in donkeys, it was found that sperm granuloma resulted in an increase in IgA- and IgG- bound sperm in donkeys. They also found donkeys with sperm granuloma had a reduction of sperm motility and reduction of percentage of sperm with an intact plasma membrane. But there was no significant damage found in total sperm motility compared to healthy control donkeys. The extent to which sperm granuloma and antisperm antibodies affect donkey fertility is still yet to be determined by further research studies. Vasectomy
Vasectomy (a birth control for males that cuts the sperm supply to semen) is usually a safe and effective contraception method. It has less than 1% failure rate and more than 95% success rate. Best candidates for vasectomy are older than 30 years individuals assigned male at birth who are in a stable relationship. Vasectomy is best performed when using the no-scalpel method to reduce operative complications. Needles also can be avoided by using a jet injector instead for the local anesthesia, which also reduces the pain that results from needles. Complications of vasectomy depends on the methods and tools used. Complications include short-term complications, such as Infection and bleeding, or long-term complications, such as sperm granuloma and post-vasectomy pain syndrome.
The onset of psychogenic amnesia can be either global (i.e., individual forgets all history) or situation specific (i.e., individual is unable to retrieve memories of specific situations).Patients experiencing psychogenic amnesia have impaired episodic memory, instances of wandering and traveling, and acceptance of a new identity as a result of inaccessible memories pertaining to their previous identity.Recent research has begun to investigate the effects of stress and fear-inducing situations with the onset of RA. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is the process by which there is a signal transmission between neurons after the activation of a neuron, which has been known to play a strong role in the hippocampus in learning and memory. Common changes in the hippocampus have been found to be related to stress and induced LTP. The commonalities support the idea that variations of stress can play a role in producing new memories as well as the onset of RA for other memories. The amygdala plays a crucial role in memory and can be affected by emotional stimuli, evoking RA.Studies of specific cases, such as AMN, support evidence  of traumatic experiences as a plausible cause of RA. AMN escaped a small fire in his house, did not inhale any smoke, and had no brain damage. Nevertheless, he was unable to recall autobiographical knowledge the next day. This case shows that RA can occur in the absence of structural brain damage.After a traumatic head injury, emotional disturbances can occur at three different levels: neurological, reactionary, and long-term disturbances. Neurological disturbances can change emotional and motivational responses.