Stereotypic movement might also result in self harm. Behavioral abnormalities can also hinder social relations effectively. Affected individuals tend to become apathetic and withdrawn. Antisocial behavior might manifest as lying or stealing. Disrupted social functions related to a lack of socialization and integration can lead to further isolation. Hygiene and appearance may also be negatively impacted. Consequences and complication
The consequences of hospitalism can be detrimental for the people affected and reveal themselves in different ways. It is noteworthy that the symptoms can vary across different individuals, and several factors, such as age, play a significant role.Patients are also at higher risk for various mental disorders and anti-social behaviors:
anxiety disorders
depression
borderline-personality disorder
suicidal tendencies
apathy  
low self-esteem  
autoaggressive behaviour
attachment anxiety  
adjustment and communication disorders
tendencies towards aggressive behaviour
lack of personal hygieneIndividuals suffering from hospitalism are also at risk for sensory perception problems:
altered or delayed pain perception  
fear of touch  
hypersensitivity   Other common consequences relate to cognitive disorders, such as:
learning disabilities
rarely memory lapses or even loss of long- or short-term memory  
motor disorders such as monotonous and sterotyped movements (for example, banging the head against the wall) or a severely reduced ability to reactLong-term consequences, which is causally related to traumatic experiences, can be expressed in different ways. People showing signs of hospitalism might express an extreme aversion towards showing or accepting emotional or physical affection, effectively shutting themselves off from others. A different response could be promiscuity, whereas people strive for love and affection.
Lichen scrofulosorum  is a rare tuberculid that presents as a lichenoid eruption of minute papules in children and adolescents with tuberculosis. The lesions are usually asymptomatic, closely grouped, skin-colored to reddish-brown papules, often perifollicular and are mainly found on the abdomen, chest, back, and proximal parts of the limbs. The eruption is usually associated with a strongly positive tuberculin reaction. Of the three tuberculids, the incidence of lichen scrofulosorum was found to be the lowest (2%) in a large study conducted in Hong Kong. This highlights its rarity and significance as an important marker of undetected tuberculosis. See also
Tuberculid
List of cutaneous conditions

References


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