Depending on where the inlet holes are located on the probe, it can measure static pressures or stagnation pressures. Surface pressure and surface tension
There is a two-dimensional analog of pressure – the lateral force per unit length applied on a line perpendicular to the force. Surface pressure is denoted by π:

  
    
      
        π
        =
        
          
            F
            l
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle \pi ={\frac {F}{l}}}
  and shares many similar properties with three-dimensional pressure. Properties of surface chemicals can be investigated by measuring pressure/area isotherms, as the two-dimensional analog of Boyles law, πA = k, at constant temperature. Surface tension is another example of surface pressure, but with a reversed sign, because "tension" is the opposite to "pressure". Pressure of an ideal gas
In an ideal gas, molecules have no volume and do not interact.
The states of Illinois, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, and Vermont did not notify the Center for Disease Control regarding cases in 2018. The states with the highest number of cases in 2018 were California, New York, Florida, and Wisconsin. There are seasonal trends associated with giardiasis. July, August, and September are the months with the highest incidence of giardiasis in the United States.In the ECDCs (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) annual epidemiological report containing 2014 data, 17,278 confirmed giardiasis cases were reported by 23 of the 31 countries that are members of the EU/EEA. Germany reported the highest number at 4,011 cases. Following Germany, the UK reported 3,628 confirmed giardiasis cases. Together, this accounts for 44% of total reported cases. Research
Some intestinal parasitic infections may play a role in irritable bowel syndrome and other long-term sequelae such as chronic fatigue syndrome. The mechanism of transformation from cyst to trophozoites has not been characterized but may be helpful in developing drug targets for treatment-resistant Giardia. The interaction between Giardia and host immunity, internal flora, and other pathogens is not well understood.The main congress about giardiasis is the "International Giardia and Cryptosporidium Conference" (IGCC). A summary of results presented at the most recent edition (2019, in Rouen, France) is available. Other animals
In both dogs and cats, giardiasis usually responds to metronidazole and fenbendazole. Metronidazole in pregnant cats can cause developmental malformations. Many cats dislike the taste of fenbendazole. Giardiasis has been shown to decrease weight in livestock. References
External links
Giardiasis Fact Sheet