Symblepharons are fibrous strands connecting the conjunctiva of the lid to the globe. Besides, reduced tearing with erosion and neovascularization of the cornea leads to corneal opacification and perforation. Scarring of the lid results in entropion (inward turning of the lid) and trichiasis (in-turning of the eyelashes). These conditions ultimately lead to blindness in approximately 20% of cases. It is crucial to go for follow-up because relapse occurs in 22% of those who were in remission and not undergoing therapy. Other mucous membranes
Less common sites that might get involved are nasopharynx, esophagus, and urethra. Nasopharyngeal involvement can lead to ulcerations of the septum and airway obstruction which might require tracheostomy. Esophageal disease may present with ulcerations, dysphagia, odynophagia, and stenosis. Stenosis at urethra, vaginal orifice and rectal have also resulted from chronic inflammation and scarring. Skin disease
About 25% of patients have cutaneous lesions, with tense vesicles or bullae, mainly on the face, neck, and scalp. Healing of erosion is either with or without atrophic scars. Cutaneous lesions of mucous membrane pemphigoid presents in 2 subtypes: (1)presents as generalized eruption of tense bullae without scarring (2) presents as localised blisters on an erythematous base, resulting in atrophic scarring. Mucous membrane pemphigoid is also associated with malignancy
Malignancy — MMP with antibodies directed against laminin 332 (previously known as laminin 5 and epiligrin) has been associated with an increased risk for internal malignancy.
Diagnosis
Clinical signs of cerebral edema, such as focal neurological deficits, papilledema and decreased level of consciousness, if temporally associated with recent hemodialysis, suggest the diagnosis. A computed tomography of the head is typically done to rule-out other intracranial causes.MRI of the head has been used in research to better understand DDS. Treatment
Avoidance is the primary treatment. Better alternatives are Nocturnal or Daily Dialysis, which are far more gentle processes for the new dialysis patient. Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome is a reason why hemodialysis initiation should be done gradually, i.e. it is a reason why the first few dialysis sessions are shorter and less aggressive than the typical dialysis treatment for end-stage renal disease patients. See also
Kidney failure

References
External links
Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome at the United States National Library of Medicine
Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome (DDS) – Rare but serious complication of dialysis