This process is extremely efficient and entirely non-invasive and is therefore much safer than actual neurosurgery itself. Recently researchers and surgeons alike have begun to use Gamma Knife radiosurgery to treat cases of epilepsy by removing tumors responsible for causing the seizures. The early success rates in being able to alleviate seizures seem to be similar to those of temporal resective surgery however Gamma Knife radiosurgery has less associated risk factors. Current research on this topic is aimed at improving the technique in order to increase success rates as well as developing non-invasive forms of physiologic monitoring in order to determine the epileptogenic focus conclusively.Another way of understanding or studying FLE, highly under study is the network approach. When conventional imaging does not show the structural lesions, HFO analysis shows the pathophysiology, locally at the neural circuit level. Genetic analysis along with neuroimaging like fMRI, EEG, MEG, and in-depth semiological analysis, aids in the network approach study of FLE, both at micro and macro levels, giving it a comprehensive view. References
External links
Frontal lobe epilepsy on Epilepsy.com
Epilepsy Foundation
Several hypotheses are given, such as it arises from sinusoidal epithelial damage, increased sinusoidal pressure due to obstruction in blood outflow from the liver, or hepatocellular necrosis.Two morphologic patterns of hepatic peliosis were described by Yanoff and Rawson. In the phlebectatic type, the blood-filled spaces are lined with endothelium and are associated with aneurysmal dilatation of the central vein; in the parenchymal type, the spaces have no endothelial lining and they usually are associated with haemorrhagic parenchymal necrosis. Some consider both patterns to be one process, initiated by focal necrosis of liver parenchyma, observed in parenchymal type, progressing into formation of fibrous wall and endothelial lining around haemorrhage of phlebectatic type. Fibrosis, cirrhosis, regenerative nodules, and tumours may also be seen. Diagnosis
The condition is typically asymptomatic and is discovered following evaluation of abnormal liver function test. However, when severe, it can manifest as jaundice, hepatomegaly, liver failure, and haemoperitoneum. Other cystic conditions of liver
Polycystic liver disease
Solitary congenital cysts
Congenital hepatic fibrosis
Hydatid cyst
Von Meyenburg complexes
Caroli disease (type V choledochal cyst)
Type IV choledochal cysts

Treatment
Treatment is usually directed towards management of the underlying cause. Withdrawal of azathioprine leads to remission in kidney transplant; bacillary peliosis responds to antibiotics. In rare circumstances partial resection of liver or transplant may be required. References


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