They also noted that the company by then had settled 1,977 cases for US$402.6 million, for an average of US$212,000 per case, while setting aside US$610.5 million to settle the others.As of July 17, 2015, there have been at least 4,000 lawsuits and claims still pending regarding VTE related to drospirenone. This is in addition to around 10,000 claims that Bayer has already settled without admitting liability. These claims of VTE have amounted to US$1.97 billion. Bayer also reached a settlement for arterial thromboembolic events, including stroke and heart attacks, for US$56.9 million. Research
A combination of ethinylestradiol, drospirenone, and prasterone is under development by Pantarhei Bioscience as a combined birth control pill for prevention of pregnancy in women. It includes prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEA), an oral androgen prohormone, to replace testosterone and avoid testosterone deficiency caused by suppression of testosterone by ethinylestradiol and drospirenone. As of August 2018, the formulation is in phase II/III clinical trials.Drospirenone has been suggested for potential use as a progestin in male hormonal contraception.Drospirenone has been studied in forms for parenteral administration. References
Further reading
Archer DF (February 2007). "Drospirenone and estradiol: a new option for the postmenopausal woman". Climacteric. 10 Suppl 1: 3–10. doi:10.1080/13697130601114859. PMID 17364592. S2CID 9221524. Archer DF (February 2007). "Drospirenone-containing hormone therapy for postmenopausal women. Perspective on current data". J Reprod Med. 52 (2 Suppl): 159–64. PMID 17477110. Archer DF (2007). "Drospirenone, a progestin with added value for hypertensive postmenopausal women". Menopause. 14 (3 Pt 1): 352–4. doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e31804d440b. PMID 17414576. Batur P, Casey PM (February 2017).
Plazomicin, sold under the brand name Zemdri, is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat complicated urinary tract infections. As of 2019 it is recommended only for those in whom alternatives are not an option. It is given by injection into a vein.Common side effects include kidney problems, diarrhea, nausea, and blood pressure changes. Other severe side effects include hearing loss, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, anaphylaxis, and muscle weakness. Use during pregnancy may harm the baby. Plazomicin works by decreasing the ability of bacteria to make protein.Plazomicin was approved for medical use in the United States in 2018. It is on the World Health Organizations List of Essential Medicines. Medical uses
Plazomicin is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for adults with complicated urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis, caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, or Enterobacter cloacae, in patients who have limited or no alternative treatment options. Zemdri is an intravenous infusion, administered once daily. The FDA declined approval for treating bloodstream infections due to lack of demonstrated effectiveness. The lack of demonstrated effectiveness was not so much about the antibiotic itself being ineffective so much as the low enrollment rate for the study. Studies using mouse models however, showed a high survival rate.Plazomicin has been reported to demonstrate in vitro synergistic activity when combined with daptomycin or ceftobiprole versus methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant S. aureus and against Pseudomonas aeruginosa when combined with cefepime, doripenem, imipenem or piperacillin/tazobactam. It also demonstrates potent in vitro activity versus carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.