Audible thoughts
General information
Audible thoughts, also called thought sonorisation, is a kind of auditory verbal hallucination. People with this hallucination constantly hear a voice narrating ones own thoughts out loud. This idea was first defined by Kurt Schneider, who included this symptom as one of the "first-rank symptoms" in diagnosing schizophrenia. Although the diagnostic reliability of "first-rank symptoms" has long been questioned, this idea remains important for its historical and descriptive value in psychiatry. Audible thoughts is a positive symptom of schizophrenia according to DSM-5, however, this hallucination is not exclusively found among people with schizophrenia, but also among patients of bipolar disorder in their manic phase. Types
Patients who experience audible thoughts will hear the voice repeating their own thoughts either as or after the thought comes into their minds. The first kind of audible thought, the voice and the thought appear simultaneously, was named by German psychiatry August Cramer as Gedankenlautwerden, a German word stands for "thoughts become aloud".Example of Gedankenlautwerden:
A 35-year-old painter heard a quiet voice with an Oxford accent. The volume was slightly lower than that of normal conversation and could be heard equally well with either ear. The voice would say, I cant stand that man, the way he holds his brush he looks like a poof.
Blastomycosis-like pyoderma is a cutaneous condition characterized by large verrucous plaques with elevated borders and multiple pustules. : 255, 272

See also
List of cutaneous conditions
pyoderma
blastomycosis

References


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