Antibiotics
Topical antibiotics
Topical antibiotics are often used in cases of inflammatory infantile acne in combination with another topical treatment to prevent emergence of antibiotic resistance especially for periods longer than a few weeks. Clindamycin and erythromycin are the most commonly prescribed topical antibiotics for acne with coverage for S. aureus and P. acnes. These bacteriostatic antibiotics interfere with bacterial protein synthesis, preventing formation of free fatty acids by these bacteria that cause inflammation. Oral antibiotics
In severe cases of infantile acne, especially with the presence of nodules and cysts with risks of scarring, oral antibiotics may be used. First line therapy is erythromycin with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim as a secondary choice in cases of P. acnes resistance. It is suggested not to use tetracyclines due to risks of permanently staining teeth in children under the age of 7. Side effects of erythromycin include gastrointestinal upset. There has however been concerns about resistant P. acnes due to widespread usage of antibiotics, and therefore steps taken to minimize resistance such as use in combination with BPO is highly recommended by experts. Epidemiology
Infantile acne effects around 2% of children with a higher occurrence in males rather than females. Of around 9.2 million visits to outpatient care for pediatric acne, 3% or 276,000 visits, were due to neonatal and pediatric acne in the United States from 2000 to 2010. See also
List of cutaneous conditions
Neonatal acne

References


== External links ==
Eszopiclone, sold under the brand-name Lunesta among others such as Night Calm in Egypt, is a medication used in the treatment of insomnia. Evidence supports slight to moderate benefit up to six months. It is taken orally.Common side effects include headache, dry mouth, nausea, and dizziness. Severe side effects may include suicidal thoughts, unhealthy non-medical use, hallucinations, and angioedema. Greater care is recommended in those with liver problems and older people. Rapid decreasing of the dose may result in withdrawal. Eszopiclone is classified as a nonbenzodiazepine sedative hypnotic and as a cyclopyrrolone. It is the S-stereoisomer of zopiclone. It works by interacting with the GABA receptors.Approved for medical use in the United States in 2004, eszopiclone is available as generic medication. In 2019, it was the 223rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions. Eszopiclone is not sold in the European Union, as in 2009 the European Medicines Agency (EMA) ruled that it was too similar to zopiclone to be considered a new patentable product. Medical uses
A 2018 Cochrane review found that it produced moderate improvement in sleep onset and maintenance. The authors suggest that where preferred non-pharmacological treatment strategies have been exhausted, eszopiclone provides an efficient treatment for insomnia.