VBT is used to treat any remaining cancer solely in the vagina, whereas EBRT can be used to treat remaining cancer elsewhere in the pelvis following surgery. However, the benefits of adjuvant radiotherapy are controversial. Though EBRT significantly reduces the rate of relapse in the pelvis, overall survival and metastasis rates are not improved. VBT provides a better quality of life than EBRT.Radiotherapy can also be used before surgery in certain cases. When pre-operative imaging or clinical evaluation shows tumor invading the cervix, radiation can be given before a total hysterectomy is performed. Brachytherapy and EBRT can also be used, singly or in combination, when there is a contraindication for hysterectomy. Both delivery methods of radiotherapy are associated with side effects, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. Hormonal therapy
Hormonal therapy is only beneficial in certain types of endometrial cancer. It was once thought to be beneficial in most cases. If a tumor is well-differentiated and known to have progesterone and estrogen receptors, progestins may be used in treatment. There is no evidence to support the use of progestagen in addition to surgery for newly diagnosed endometrial cancer. About 25% of metastatic endometrioid cancers show a response to progestins. Also, endometrial stromal sarcomas can be treated with hormonal agents, including tamoxifen, hydroxyprogesterone caproate, letrozole, megestrol acetate, and medroxyprogesterone. This treatment is effective in endometrial stromal sarcomas because they typically have estrogen and/or progestin receptors. Progestin receptors function as tumor suppressors in endometrial cancer cells.
An idioventricular rhythm is a cardiac rhythm characterized by a rate of <50 beats per minute (bpm), absence of P waves and widening of the QRS complex. In cases where the heart rate is  between 50 and 110 bpm, it is known as accelerated idioventricular rhythm and ventricular tachycardia if the rate exceeds 120 bpm. Causes of idioventricular rhythms are varied and can include drugs or a heart defect at birth. It is typically benign and not life-threatening. Etiology
Various etiologies may contribute to the formation of an idioventricular rhythm, and include:
Heart block
Reperfusion after myocardial infarction
Electrolyte abnormalities
Heart diseases present at birth
Certain drugs (eg. digoxin, β-agonists, anaesthetics)

Pathophysiology
The physiological pacemaker of the heart is the sinoatrial node. If the sinoatrial node is rendered dysfunctional, the AV node may act as the pacemaker. If both of these fail, the ventricles begin to act as the dominant pacemaker in the heart. The ventricles acting as their own pacemaker gives rise to an idioventricular rhythm. Diagnosis
An ECG trace is required for diagnosis. Treatment
As this rhythm is not life-threatening, treatment has limited value for the patient. If underlying pathologies are identified, they should be treated appropriately. Antidysrhythmics may be utilised if the patient suffers from dysrhythmias. == References ==