In case of emergency, plasmapheresis may be tried
In PAN associated with a hepatitis virus: combination therapy of prednisone along with a virustatic, such as lamivudine (Hepatitis B) or interferon-alpha and ribavirin (Hepatitis C)

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
Symptoms
Men are affected twice as often as women
Compression of structures surrounding the nose and paranasal sinuses
Diabetes insipidus
Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball(s)
Nonseptic meningitis
Affection of the lung and kidney due to destruction of the arteries and veins
Ischemic stroke, hemorrhages, or encephalopathy with possible seizures

Diagnostic Criteria
Two or more of the following four criteria are required:

Necrotizing ulcerating inflammation of nose, sinuses, mouth or pharynx
Irregular lung infiltrates
Nephritis
Granulomatous vascular and perivascular inflammation

Treatment Therapy
Corticosteroids (e.g., Prednisolone)
Cyclophosphamide
Azathioprine
Mycophenolate mofetil

References


== External links ==
In extreme cases, patients may require treatment with bethanechol, a drug that reverses this particular side effect.A common problem with TCAs is sedation (drowsiness, lack of physical and mental alertness), but protriptyline is considered the least sedating agent among this class of agents. Its side effects are especially noticeable early in therapy. In most people, early TCA side effects decrease or disappear entirely with time, but, until then, patients taking protriptyline should take care to assess which side effects occur in them and should not perform hazardous activities requiring mental acuity or coordination. Protriptyline may increase the possibility of having seizures. Withdrawal
Though not indicative of addiction, abrupt cessation of treatment after prolonged therapy may produce nausea, headache, and malaise.