In comparison to unaffected, non-alcoholic participants, tissue degeneration in WKS patients is found in specific white matter structures including the corpus callosum, the hippocampus, the subcortical basal ganglia (hypothalamus, thalamus, putamen), and the mammillary bodies. Antipsychotic
Corticosteroid use (There appears to be correlations between degree of dosing with corticosteroids and cerebral atrophy)

Diagnosis
Neurofilament light chain
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a fluid that is found exclusively in the brain and spinal cord that circulates between sections of the brain offering an extra layer of protection. Studies have shown that biomarkers in the CSF and plasma can be tracked for their presence in different parts of the brain—and their presence can tell us about cerebral atrophy. One study took advantage of biomarkers, namely one called neurofilament light chain (NFL), in patients with Alzheimers Disease. Neurofilament light chain is a protein that is important in the growth and branching of neurons—cells found in the brain. In Alzheimers Disease, neurons will stop working or die in a process called neurodegeneration. By tracking NFL, researchers can see this neurodegeneration, which this study showed was associated with brain atrophy and later cognitive decline in Alzheimers patients. Other biomarkers like Ng – a protein important in long-term potentiation and memory – have been tracked for their associations with brain atrophy as well, but NFL had the greatest association. Measures
CT and MRI are most commonly used to observe the brain for cerebral atrophy. A CT scan takes cross sectional images of the brain using X-rays, while an MRI uses a magnetic field.
Injury
Stroke, loss of brain function due to a sudden interruption of blood supply in the brain
Moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury

Diseases and disorders
Alzheimers disease (High resolution MRI scans have shown the progression of cerebral atrophy in Alzheimers disease)
Cerebral palsy, in which lesions (damaged areas) may impair motor coordination
Senile dementia, fronto-temporal dementia, and vascular dementia
Picks disease, causes progressive destruction of nerve cells in the brain
Huntingtons disease, and other genetic disorders that cause build-up of toxic levels of proteins in neurons
Leukodystrophies, such as Krabbe disease, which destroy the myelin sheath that protects axons
Multiple sclerosis, which causes inflammation, myelin damage, and lesions in cerebral tissue
Epilepsy, in which lesions cause abnormal electrochemical discharges that result in seizures
Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other eating disorders
Malnutrition, caused by lack or excess of nutrition from foods
Type II diabetes, where the body does not use insulin properly resulting in high blood sugar
Bipolar disorder, significant loss of brain tissue during manic episodes; however its not verified whether the episodes cause brain tissue loss or vice versa
Schizophrenia
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies, such as Kearns–Sayre syndrome, which interfere with the basic functions of neurons
Posterior cortical atrophy:  In the most posterior area of the brain lies the visual cortex, the area of the brain where visual information is received and processed. When cortical atrophy occurs in this brain area due to neurodegeneration, the first symptom is impairment in vision. A common vision impairment seen in patients with posterior cortical atrophy is simultanagnosia, where a person is unable to see multiple locations at once or to quickly shift attention between these locations.