those produced as by-products in industrial processes such as the acid vat treatment (pickling) of steel):

Oxidation of Fe metal in the Laux process where nitrobenzene is treated with iron metal using FeCl2 as a catalyst to produce aniline:C6H5NO2 + 3 Fe + 2 H2O   →   C6H5NH2 + Fe3O4Oxidation of FeII compounds, e.g. the precipitation of iron(II) salts as hydroxides followed by oxidation by aeration where careful control of the pH determines the oxide produced.Reduction of Fe2O3 with hydrogen:
3Fe2O3 + H2 → 2Fe3O4 +H2OReduction of Fe2O3 with CO:
3Fe2O3 + CO → 2Fe3O4 + CO2Production of nano-particles can be performed chemically by taking for example mixtures of FeII and FeIII salts and mixing them with alkali to precipitate colloidal Fe3O4.
Valrubicin (N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate, trade name Valstar) is a chemotherapy drug used to treat bladder cancer. Valrubicin is a semisynthetic analog of the anthracycline doxorubicin, and is administered by infusion directly into the bladder. It was originally launched as Valstar in the U.S. in 1999 for intravesical therapy of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-refractory carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder in patients in whom cystectomy would be associated with unacceptable morbidity or mortality; however, it was voluntarily withdrawn in 2002 due to manufacturing issues. Valstar was relaunched on September 3, 2009. Side effects
Blood in urine
Incontinence
painful or difficult urination
Unusually frequent urination


== References ==