Vitamin B6 and B9 play a role in RA management as well. Studies have shown that low plasma levels of pyridoxal-5-phosphate, the metabolically active form of vitamin B6, have been reported in RA patients, which may be associated with the elevated TNF-a production. Folate supplies are also decreased in RA patients who are taking Methotrexate, an anti-rheumatic drug. We see that folate supplementation can reduce the mucosal and gastrointestinal side effects of low dose Methotrexate in patients with RA. This works in a similar pattern to aspirin and vitamin E supplementation. Therefore, RA patients should be advised to consume dietary sources of vitamin B6 and B9 up to the dietary reference value, until further research is undertaken into the toxicity and effectiveness of large dose supplementation. Food containing high source of vitamin E to help treat Rheumatoid Arthritis include almonds, avocados, spinach, sunflower seeds and peanut butter. Vitamin C foods include oranges, orange juice, strawberry, broccoli, brussel sprouts and potatoes. Brown rice, barley, and fish contain sources of vitamin B6 and B9. Lastly, Vitamin D can be included in the diet by incorporating tuna, salmon, orange juice and almond Milk into diet.Minerals
Minerals including fluoride, iron, calcium, and zinc have been studied in the role of RA management. The effects of fluoride supplementation in preventing RA-induced bone loss were examined in a randomized control trial. Results suggest that fluoride therapy may increase vertebral bone mass in RA patients.Approximately, one-third of cases of anaemia in RA patients may be caused by depletion of iron stores.
An international meta-analysis over 34 jurisdictions quantified the effect size of gender as small, with most effect in Asia, lesser in Europe and Africa, and null in North America, and further finding that economic factors, internet availability, social norms and addiction-related health factors mediate the effect of gender, with nations with a greater GDP per capita having less differences in video game addiction between genders.Comorbid psychiatric disorders act as both risk factors and consequences. Indeed, there is a strong association between video game addiction and anxiety, depression, ADHD, social phobia, and poor psycho-social support. ADHD and its symptoms, such as impulsivity and conduct problems, also increase risks of developing video game disorder. Although internet gaming disorder has a strong relationship with obsessive-compulsive disorder, it is not specific and internet gaming disorder is both phenomenologically and neurobiologically distinct, which indicates that internet gaming disorder is more characterized by impulsivity than compulsivity. Familial factors appear to play an important role, although not well understood.Some personality traits, such as high neuroticism, high impulsivity, and high aggressiveness are consistently significant predictors of internet gaming disorder, and combination of personality traits seem to play a pivotal role in the acquisition, maintenance and development of the disorder. Mechanisms
Although there is much research since the 1980s on problematic online gaming use, the mechanisms are not well understood, due to inconsistent definitions used in studies. Video game structure
Some theories focus on the presumed built-in reward systems of video games, such as compulsion loops, to explain their potentially addictive nature.