By 1910, Alois Alzheimers teacher, Emil Kraepelin, published a book in which he coined the term "Alzheimers disease" in an attempt to acknowledge the importance of Alzheimers discovery.By the 1960s, the link between neurodegenerative diseases and age-related cognitive decline had become more established. By the 1970s, the medical community maintained that vascular dementia was rarer than previously thought and Alzheimers disease caused the vast majority of old age mental impairments. More recently however, it is believed that dementia is often a mixture of conditions. In 1976, neurologist Robert Katzmann suggested a link between senile dementia and Alzheimers disease. Katzmann suggested that much of the senile dementia occurring (by definition) after the age of 65, was pathologically identical with Alzheimers disease occurring in people under age 65 and therefore should not be treated differently. Katzmann thus suggested that Alzheimers disease, if taken to occur over age 65, is actually common, not rare, and was the fourth- or 5th-leading cause of death, even though rarely reported on death certificates in 1976. A helpful finding was that although the incidence of Alzheimers disease increased with age (from 5–10% of 75-year-olds to as many as 40–50% of 90-year-olds), no threshold was found by which age all persons developed it. This is shown by documented supercentenarians (people living to 110 or more) who experienced no substantial cognitive impairment. Some evidence suggests that dementia is most likely to develop between ages 80 and 84 and individuals who pass that point without being affected have a lower chance of developing it.
Maralixibat chloride, sold under the brand name Livmarli, is a medication used to treat cholestatic pruritus in people with Alagille syndrome. Maralixibat chloride is an ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) inhibitor.Maralixibat was approved for medical use in the United States in September 2021. History
Maralixibat was granted orphan drug designations in 2013, and in 2020. Society and culture
Legal status
On 13 October 2022, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization under exceptional circumstances for the medicinal product Livmarli, intended for the treatment of cholestatic pruritus in patients with Alagille syndrome (ALGS). The applicant for this medicinal product is Mirum Pharmaceuticals International B.V.

Names
Maralixibat chloride is the international nonproprietary name (INN). References
External links
"Maralixibat". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Maralixibat chloride". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Clinical trial number NCT02160782 for "Safety and Efficacy Study of LUM001 (Maralixibat) With a Drug Withdrawal Period in Participants With Alagille Syndrome (ALGS) (ICONIC)" at ClinicalTrials.gov