A stent may be inserted to keep the newly formed airway patent. Repeated dilatation may be performed. CT guidance may be used. Epidemiology
Choanal atresia is fairly rare. It may have a frequency between 1 in 7,000 births and 1 in 5,000 births. History
Choanal atresia was first described by Roederer in 1755. Society and culture
In the movie City of Angels, Dr. Maggie Rice (played by Meg Ryan) correctly diagnoses the cause of a newborn babys failure to thrive as due to choanal atresia. References


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A fasciculation, or muscle twitch, is a spontaneous, involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation, involving fine muscle fibers. They are common, with as many as 70% of people experiencing them. They can be benign, or associated with more serious conditions. When no cause or pathology is identified, they are diagnosed as benign fasciculation syndrome. Diagnosis
The most effective way to detect fasciculations may be surface electromyography (EMG). Surface EMG is more sensitive than needle electromyography and clinical observation in the detection of fasciculation in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Deeper areas of contraction can be detected by electromyography (EMG) testing, though they can happen in any skeletal muscle in the body. Fasciculations arise as a result of spontaneous depolarization of a lower motor neuron leading to the synchronous contraction of all the skeletal muscle fibers within a single motor unit. An example of normal spontaneous depolarization is the constant contractions of cardiac muscle, causing the heart to beat. Usually, intentional movement of the involved muscle causes fasciculations to cease immediately, but they may return once the muscle is at rest again. Tics must also be distinguished from fasciculations. Small twitches of the upper or lower eyelid, for example, are not tics, because they do not involve a whole muscle, rather are twitches of a few muscle fibre bundles, that are not suppressible. Causes
Fasciculations have a variety of causes, the majority of which are benign, but can also be due to disease of the motor neurons.