Arterial supply to the intestines is provided by the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries (SMA and IMA respectively), both of which are direct branches of the aorta.The superior mesenteric artery supplies:
Small bowel
Ascending and proximal two-thirds of the transverse colonThe inferior mesenteric artery supplies:
Distal one-third of the transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colonOf note, the splenic flexure, or the junction between the transverse and descending colon, is supplied by the most distal portions of both the inferior mesenteric artery and superior mesenteric artery, and is thus referred to medically as a watershed area, or an area especially vulnerable to ischemia during periods of systemic hypoperfusion, such as in shock.Acute abdomen of the ischemic variety is usually due to:
A thromboembolism from the left side of the heart, such as may be generated during atrial fibrillation, occluding the SMA. Nonocclusive ischemia, such as that seen in hypotension secondary to heart failure, may also contribute, but usually results in a mucosal or mural infarct, as contrasted with the typically transmural infarct seen in thromboembolus of the SMA. Primary mesenteric vein thromboses may also cause ischemic acute abdomen, usually precipitated by hypercoagulable states such as polycythemia vera.Clinically, patients present with diffuse abdominal pain, bowel distention, and bloody diarrhea. On physical exam, bowel sounds will be absent. Laboratory tests reveal a neutrophilic leukocytosis, sometimes with a left shift, and increased serum amylase. Abdominal radiography will show many air-fluid levels, as well as widespread edema. Acute ischemic abdomen is a surgical emergency.
Novolin is the brand name of three distinct insulin-containing products manufactured by Novo Nordisk:

Novolin 70/30, an insulin preparation containing mixed NPH and regular insulin, respectively
Novolin N, an insulin preparation containing NPH insulin
Novolin R, an insulin preparation containing regular insulin

See also
Insulin (medication)


== References ==