Cranioschisis (Greek: κρανιον kranion, "skull", and σχίσις schisis, "split"), or dysraphism, is a neural tube defect involving the skull. In this defect, the cranium fails to close completely (especially at the occipital region). Thus, the brain is exposed to the amnios and eventually degenerates, causing anencephaly.Craniorachischisis is on the extreme end of the dysraphism spectrum, wherein the entire length of the neural tube fails to close. See also
Rachischisis
Spina bifida


== References ==
Duration
Postpartum blues may last a few days up to two weeks. If symptoms last more than two weeks, the individual must be evaluated for postpartum depression. Causes
The causes of postpartum blues have not been clearly established. Most hypotheses regarding the etiology of postpartum blues and postpartum depression center on the intersection of the significant biological and psychosocial changes that occur with childbirth. Psychosocial causes
Pregnancy and postpartum are significant life events that increase a womans vulnerability for postpartum blues. Even with a planned pregnancy, it is normal to have feelings of doubt or regret, and it takes time to adjust to having a newborn. Feelings commonly reported by new parents and lifestyle changes that may contribute to developing early postpartum mood symptoms include:
Fatigue after labor and delivery
Caring for a newborn that requires 24/7 attention
Sleep deprivation
Lack of support from family and friends
Marital or relationship strain
Changes in home and work routines
Financial stress
Unrealistic expectations of self
Societal or cultural pressure to "bounce back" quickly after pregnancy and childbirth
Overwhelmed and questioning ability to care for baby
Anger, loss, or guilt, especially for parents of premature or sick infants

Risk factors
Most risk factors studied have not clearly and consistently demonstrated an association with postpartum blues. These include sociodemographic factors, such as age and marital status, obstetric factors, such as delivery complications or low birth weight.Factors most consistently shown to be predictive of postpartum blues are personal and family history of depression.