In patients failing topical treatment or more severe cases, oral antibiotics are an option; dicloxacillin or cephalexin can be used. Indications for antibiotics with anaerobic coverage include patients where a concern exists for oral inoculation; this would require the addition of clindamycin or amoxicillin-clavulanate. Antibiotics such as clindamycin or cephalexin are also often used, the first being more effective in areas where MRSA is common. If  signs of an abscess (the presence of pus) are seen, drainage is recommended. Epidemiology
Paronychia is more common in women than in men, by a ratio of three to one. Usually, they affect manual-labor workers or people in occupations that require them to have their hands or feet submerged in water for prolonged periods (e.g., dishwashers). Middle-aged females are at the highest risk of infection. References
External links

"Paronychia Nail Infection". Dermatologic Disease Database. American Osteopathic College of Dermatology. Archived from the original on 2013-03-30. Retrieved 2006-07-12.
Hypochondrogenesis is a severe genetic disorder causing malformations of bone growth. The condition is characterized by a short body and limbs and abnormal bone formation in the spine and pelvis. Hypochondrogenesis is a subtype of collagenopathy, types II and XI, and is similar to another skeletal disorder, achondrogenesis type 2, although the spinal changes seen in hypochondrogenesis tend to be somewhat milder. Signs and symptoms
Symptoms of hypochondrogenesis include: edema, limb undergrowth, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, short ribs, respiratory failure, short chin, upper limb undergrowth, thoracic hypoplasia, hypertelorism, hydrops fetalis, pulmonary hypoplasia, and a cleft palate. Pathophysiology
Hypochondrogenesis is one of the most severe conditions in a spectrum of disorders caused by mutations in the COL2A1 gene. The protein made by this gene forms type II collagen, a molecule found mostly in cartilage and in the clear gel that fills the eyeball (the vitreous). Type II collagen is essential for the normal development of bones and other connective tissues (tissues that form the bodys supportive framework). Mutations in the COL2A1 gene interfere with the assembly of type II collagen molecules, which prevents bones from developing properly. This condition is caused by new mutations in the COL2A1 gene. Hypochondrogenesis is considered an autosomal dominant disorder because the affected gene is located on an autosome, and only one copy of the altered gene is necessary to cause the condition. The disorder is not passed on to the next generation, however, because affected individuals do not live long enough to have children.