Diagnosis
Rickets may be diagnosed with the help of:

Blood tests:Serum calcium may show low levels of calcium, serum phosphorus may be low, and serum alkaline phosphatase may be high from bones or changes in the shape or structure of the bones. This can show enlarged limbs and joints. A bone density scan may be undertaken. Radiography typically show widening of the zones of provisional calcification of the metaphyses secondary to unmineralized osteoid. Cupping, fraying, and splaying of metaphyses typically appears with growth and continued weight bearing. These changes are seen predominantly at sites of rapid growth, including the proximal humerus, distal radius, distal femur and both the proximal and the distal tibia. Therefore, a skeletal survey for rickets can be accomplished with anteroposterior radiographs of the knees, wrists, and ankles. Types
Vitamin D-related ricketsVitamin D deficiency
Vitamin D-dependent rickets (VDDR)Type 1: insufficiency in activation
VDDR1A: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency
VDDR1B: CYP2R1 deficiency
Type 2: resistance to calcitriol
VDDR2A: calcitriol receptor mutation
VDDR2B: unknown nuclear ribonucleoprotein interfering with signal transduction
Type 3: excessive inactivation (CYP3A4 mutation, dominant)
Hypocalcemia-related rickets
Hypocalcemia
Chronic kidney failure (CKD-BMD)
Hypophosphatemia-related rickets
Congenital
Vitamin D-resistant rickets
Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR)
Autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets (ARHR)
Hypophosphatemia (typically secondary to malabsorption)
Fanconis syndrome
Secondary to other diseases
Tumor-induced osteomalacia
McCune-Albright syndrome
Epidermal nevus syndrome
Dents disease

Differential diagnosis
Osteochondrodysplasias, also known as genetic bone diseases, may mimic the clinical picture of rickets in regard to the features of bone deformities. The radiologic picture and the laboratory findings of serum calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase are important differentiating factors.
Cases of criminals taking rohypnol themselves before they commit crimes have also been reported, as the loss of inhibitions from the drug may increase their confidence to commit the offence, and the amnesia produced by the drug makes it difficult for police to interrogate them if they are caught. See also
Hypnotic
Antidepressants
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome
Tranquilizer
Tranquilizer gun

Notes
References
Further reading
Tone, Andrea. The Age of Anxiety: A History of Americas Turbulent Affair with Tranquilizers (Basic Books, 2009) 288 pp. ; ISBN 978-0-465-08658-0 excerpty and text search