Brunner syndrome is a rare genetic disorder associated with a mutation in the MAOA gene. It is characterized by lower than average IQ (typically about 85), problematic impulsive behavior (such as pyromania, hypersexuality and violence), sleep disorders and mood swings. It was identified in fourteen males from one family in 1993. It has since been discovered in  additional families. Signs and symptoms
Causes
Brunner syndrome is caused by a monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) deficiency, which leads to an excess of monoamines in the brain, such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). In both mice and humans, a mutation was located on the eighth exon of the MAO-A gene, which created a dysfunctional MAO-A gene. The regular function of MAO-A, breaking down monoamines, is disrupted, and monoamines build up within the brain. Mice that lacked a functional MAO-A gene displayed higher levels of aggression, in comparison to mice with a functional MAO-A gene. Diagnosis
Upon suspicion of Brunner syndrome and after having eliminated other potential suspects via means of differential diagnosis, Brunner syndrome is diagnosed by genetic testing for specific mutations of the MAOA gene. Since the syndrome is so rare, it is usually only suspected and tested for if there are other diagnosed instances of the syndrome in ones direct family. Treatment
Progesterone & Rauwolfia serpentina (containing Reserpine) are a possible treatment as they both increase MAO-A activity. History
Brunner Syndrome was described in 1993 by H.G. Brunner and his colleagues upon the discovery of a particular genetic defect in male members of a large Dutch family.
Desloratadine/pseudoephedrine, sold under the brand name Clarinex-D among others, is a medication used for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.Desloratadine/pseudoephedrine was approved for use in the United States in 2005 and in the European Union in July 2007. Medical uses
Desloratadine/pseudoephedrine is indicated for the symptomatic treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis when accompanied by nasal congestion. References
Further reading
Anolik R (June 2009). "Desloratadine and pseudoephedrine combination therapy as a comprehensive treatment for allergic rhinitis and nasal congestion". Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 5 (6): 683–94. doi:10.1517/17425250902980187. PMID 19473112. S2CID 22633518. External links
"Desloratadine mixture with pseudoephedrine". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.