Prematurity from any cause leads to 75% of perinatal mortality and about 50% of all long-term morbidity. PROM is responsible for 20% of all fetal deaths between 24 and 34 weeks gestation. Fetal development (before 24 weeks)
Before 24 weeks the fetus is still developing its organs, and the amniotic fluid is important for protecting the fetus against infection, physical impact, and for preventing the umbilical cord from becoming compressed. It also allows for fetal movement and breathing that is necessary for the development of the lungs, chest, and bones. Low levels of amniotic fluid due to mid-trimester or previable PPROM (before 24 weeks) can result in fetal deformity (e.g. Potter-like facies), limb contractures, pulmonary hypoplasia (underdeveloped lungs), infection (especially if the mother is colonized by group B streptococcus or bacterial vaginosis), prolapsed umbilical cord or compression, and placental abruption. PROM after second-trimester amniocentesis
Most cases of PROM occur spontaneously, but the risk of PROM in women undergoing a second trimester amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders is 1%. Although no studies are known to account for all cases of PROM that stem from amniocentesis. This case, the chances of the membranes healing on their own and the amniotic fluid returning to normal levels is much higher than spontaneous PROM. Compared to spontaneous PROM, about 70% of women will have normal amniotic fluid levels within one month, and about 90% of babies will survive. Epidemiology
Of term pregnancies (more than 37 weeks) about 8% are complicated by PROM, 20% of these become prolonged PROM.
Norepinephrine acts more on alpha receptors than the beta receptors. Names
Norepinephrine is the INN while noradrenaline is the BAN. References
External links
"Norepinephrine". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Norepinephrine bitartrate". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.