Analysis of scans allow for the differentiation of GOC from other parallel lesions, i.e. "ameloblastoma, odontogenic myxoma, or dentigerous cyst" in order to minimise the chance of a misdiagnosis. These scans can display the severity of cortical plate, root, and tooth complications, which is observed to determine the necessary action for reconstruction. Histology
Histological features related to the GOC differ in each scenario; however, there is a general criterion to identify the cyst. The GOC usually features a "stratified squamous epithelium" attached to connective tissue that is filled with active immune cells. The lining of the epithelium features a very small diameter that is usually non-keratinised. In contrast, the lining of the GOC has rather an inconsistent diameter. The basal cells of the GOC usually has no association to a cancerous origin. Tissue cells can be faced with an abnormal increase in the concentration of calcium, which can cause the region to calcify. The transformation of the epithelium is associated with a focal luminal development. Eosinophilic organelles such as columnar and cuboidal cells can be observed during microscopy. Intra-epithelial crypts may be identified in the internal framework of the epithelium or at the external space where it presents itself as papillae protrusions. Mucin is observable after the application of "alcian blue dye" on the tissue specimen. The histological observation of goblet cells is a common feature with the "odontogenic dentigerous cyst". In some circumstances, the epithelium can have variable plaque structures that appear as swirls in the tissue layers.
A glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare and usually benign odontogenic cyst developed at the odontogenic epithelium of the mandible or maxilla. Originally, the cyst was labeled as "sialo-odontogenic cyst" in 1987. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) decided to adopt the medical expression "glandular odontogenic cyst". Following the initial classification, only 60 medically documented cases were present in the population by 2003. GOC was established as its own biological growth after differentiation from other jaw cysts such as the "central mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC)", a popular type of neoplasm at the salivary glands. GOC is usually misdiagnosed with other lesions developed at the glandular and salivary gland due to the shared clinical signs. The presence of osteodentin supports the concept of an odontogenic pathway. This odontogenic cyst is commonly described to be a slow and aggressive development. The inclination of GOC to be large and multilocular is associated with a greater chance of remission. GOC is an infrequent manifestation with a 0.2% diagnosis in jaw lesion cases. Reported cases show that GOC mainly impacts the mandible and male individuals. The presentation of GOC at the maxilla has a very low rate of incidence. The GOC development is more common in adults in their fifth and sixth decades.GOC has signs and symptoms of varying sensitivities, and dysfunction. In some cases, the GOC will present no classic abnormalities and remains undiagnosed until secondary complications arise. The proliferation of GOC requires insight into the foundations of its unique histochemistry and biology.