The U.S. example, however, indicates there is wide variation by country since adoptions from abroad account for less than 15% of its cases. More than 60,000 Russian children have been adopted in the United States since 1992, and a similar number of Chinese children were adopted from 1995 to 2005. The laws of different countries vary in their willingness to allow international adoptions. Recognizing the difficulties and challenges associated with international adoption, and in an effort to protect those involved from the corruption and exploitation which sometimes accompanies it, the Hague Conference on Private International Law developed the Hague Adoption Convention, which came into force on 1 May 1995 and has been ratified by 85 countries as of November 2011. Embryo adoption: based on the donation of embryos remaining after one couples in vitro fertilization treatments have been completed; embryos are given to another individual or couple, followed by the placement of those embryos into the recipient womans uterus, to facilitate pregnancy and childbirth. In the United States, embryo adoption is governed by property law rather than by the court systems, in contrast to traditional adoption. Common law adoption: this is an adoption that has not been recognized beforehand by the courts, but where a parent, without resorting to any formal legal process, leaves his or her children with a friend or relative for an extended period of time.
Oculofaciocardiodental syndrome is a rare X-linked dominant genetic disorder. Presentation
The incidence of this condition is less than 1 per million. It is primarily only found in females. Its highly rare in males, but some males were born with it. Teeth with large roots (radiculomegaly), heart defects and small eyes (microphthalmia) are the characteristic triad found in this syndrome. Typical features of the condition include:
Face
Deep set eyes
Broad nasal tip divided by a cleft
Eyes
Microphthalmia (small eyes)
Early cataracts
Glaucoma
Teeth
Radiculomegaly (teeth with very large roots)
Delayed loss of primary teeth
Missing (oligodontia) or abnormally small teeth
Misaligned teeth
Defective tooth enamel
Heart defects
Atrial and/or ventricular defects
Mitral valve prolapse
Mild intellectual disability and conductive or sensorineural hearing loss may occur. Genetics
This condition is caused by lesions in the BCOR gene located on the short arm of the X chromosome (Xp11.4). This protein encodes the BCL6 corepressor, but little is currently known about its function. The inheritance is X-linked dominant.A genetically related disorder is Lenz microphthalmia syndrome. Diagnosis
Diagnosis can be confirmed through DNA testing. Treatment
History
The first features of this syndrome noted were the abnormal teeth, which were described by Hayward in 1980. == References ==