Features include a thickening of the nerve fiber layer, a serrated appearance to the surface of the retina just beneath a thickened layer of glial tissue at the retinal-vitreous interface. Prevention
There is no good evidence for any preventive actions, since it appears this is a natural response to aging changes in the vitreous. It has been estimated that Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) occurs in over 75 percent of the population over age 65, that PVD is essentially a harmless condition (although with some disturbing symptoms), and that it does not normally threaten sight. However, since epiretinal membrane appears to be a protective response to PVD, where inflammation, exudative fluid, and scar tissue is formed, it is possible that NSAIDs may reduce the inflammation response. Usually there are flashing light experiences and the emergence of floaters in the eye that herald changes in the vitreous before the epiretinal membrane forms. Treatment
Surgeons can remove or peel the membrane through the sclera and improve vision by 2 or more Snellen lines. Usually the vitreous is replaced at the same time with clear (BSS) fluid, in a vitrectomy. Surgery is not usually recommended unless the distortions are severe enough to interfere with daily living, since there are the usual hazards of surgery, infections, and a possibility of retinal detachment. More common complications are high intraocular pressure, bleeding in the eye, and cataracts, which are the most frequent complication of vitrectomy surgery. Many patients will develop a cataract within the first few years after surgery.
Short-limb skeletal dysplasia with severe combined immunodeficiency is an extremely rare autosomal recessive type of achondroplasia which is characterized by short stature,  bowing of the long bones, and generalized metaphyseal abnormalities alongside signs of SCID such as recurrent severe infections, failure to thrive, chronic diarrhea, and a notable absence of T and B lymphocytes. Around 11 cases have been described in medical literature. == References ==