In a few cases, DCIS may cause:

A lump or thickening in or near the breast or under the arm
A change in the size or shape of the breast
Nipple discharge or nipple tenderness; the nipple may also be inverted, or pulled back into the breast
Ridges or pitting of the breast; the skin may look like the skin of an orange
A change in the way the skin of the breast, areola, or nipple looks or feels such as warmth, swelling, redness or scaliness. Causes
The specific causes of DCIS are still unknown. The risk factors for developing this condition are similar to those for invasive breast cancer.Some women are however more prone than others to developing DCIS. Women considered at higher risks are those who have a family history of breast cancer, those who have had their periods at an early age or who have had a late menopause. Also, women who have never had children or had them late in life are also more likely to get this condition. Long-term use of estrogen-progestin hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for more than five years after menopause, genetic mutations (BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes), atypical hyperplasia, as well as radiation exposure or exposure to certain chemicals may also contribute in the development of the condition. Nonetheless, the risk of developing noninvasive cancer increases with age and it is higher in women older than 45 years. Diagnosis
80% of cases in the United States are detected by mammography screening. More definitive diagnosis is made by breast biopsy for histopathology.
History
In December 2008, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved degarelix for the treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancer in the United States. It was subsequently approved by the European Commission at the recommendation of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in February 2009, for use in adult males with advanced, hormone-dependent prostate cancer. Ferring Pharmaceuticals markets the drug under the name Firmagon. Research
Degarelix is studied for use as a chemical castration agent on sex offenders in Sweden. A study published on April 29, 2020, in JAMA Psychiatry demonstrated a reduced the risk score for committing child sexual abuse in men with pedophilic disorder two weeks after initial injection. See also
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor § Antagonists

References
External links
"Degarelix". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.