This conjunctivoplasty surgery to correct Conjunctivochalasis typically involves resection of an ellipse-shaped segment of conjunctiva just inferior to the lower lid margin, and is usually followed either by suturing or amniotic membrane graft transplantation to close the wound.Further techniques have been developed such as the Reservoir Restoration which aim to replace the degenerated Tenon’s, deepen the inferior fornix to restore the normal anatomy and physiology, and facilitate restoration of the normal tear film. In this surgical procedure, a crescent-shaped area of the conjunctiva is recessed along a limbal peritomy with a maximum anterior-posterior width no more than 3 mm. Diseased and dissolved Tenon’s are undermined leaving a large bare scleral defect. Cryopreserved amniotic membrane is slid over the scleral bed with fibrin glue and tucked under the conjunctiva to recreate the fornix. Immediately postop, the surgeon should note an improved anatomical definition and deepening of the inferior fornix. References


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Uterine contractions are muscle contractions of the uterine smooth muscle that occur during the menstrual cycle and labour. Uterine contractions occur throughout the menstrual cycle in the non-pregnant state and throughout gestation. Throughout menstrual cycle
Uterine contractions that occur throughout the menstrual cycle, also termed endometrial waves or contractile waves, appear to involve only the sub-endometrial layer of the myometrium. Follicular and luteal phase
In the early follicular phase, uterine contractions in the non-pregnant woman occur 1—2 times per minute and last 10–15 seconds with a low intensity of usually 30 mmHg or less. This sub-endometrial layer is rich in estrogen and progesterone receptors. The frequency of contractions increases to 3–4 per minute towards ovulation. During the luteal phase, the frequency and intensity decrease, possibly to facilitate any implantation. Menstruation
If implantation does not occur, the frequency of contractions remains low; but at menstruation the intensity increases dramatically to between 50 and 200 mmHg producing labor-like contractions. These contractions are sometimes termed menstrual cramps, although that term is also used for menstrual pain in general. These contractions may be uncomfortable or even painful, but they are generally significantly less painful than contractions during labour. Painful contractions are called dysmenorrhea. Directionality of contractions
A shift in the myosin expression of the uterine smooth muscle has been hypothesized as arising for changes in the directions of uterine contractions during the menstrual cycle. Labour
Uterine contractions are part of the process of natural childbirth (i.e., not by Caesarean section). During labor, uterine contractions changes from episodic and uncoordinated to highly-coordinated.