Trisomy 22 is a chromosomal disorder in which  three copies of chromosome 22 are present rather than two. It is a frequent cause of spontaneous abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy. Progression to the second trimester and live birth are rare. This disorder is found in individuals with an extra copy or a variation of chromosome 22 in some or all cells of their bodies. Associated disorders
Many kinds of disorders are associated with trisomy 22:

Emanuel syndrome is named after the genetic contributions made by researcher Dr. Beverly Emanuel. This condition is assigned to individuals born with an unbalanced 11/22 translocation. That is, a fragment of chromosome 11 is moved, or translocated, to chromosome 22. 22q11 deletion syndrome is a rare condition which occurs in about one in 4000 births. This condition is identified when a band in the q11.2 section of the arm of chromosome 22 is missing or deleted. This condition has several different names: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome, conotruncal anomaly face syndrome, Opitz G/BBB syndrome, and Cayler cardiofacial syndrome. The effects of this disorder are different in each individual, but similarities exist, such as heart defects, immune system problems, a distinctive facial appearance, learning challenges, cleft palate, hearing loss, kidney problems, hypocalcemia, and sometimes psychiatric issues. 22q11 microduplication syndrome is the opposite of the 22q11 deletion syndrome; in this condition, a band of q.11.2 section of chromosome 22 is duplicated.
The severity of each case is determined by the number of cells with this extra copy. Some characteristics of individuals with this condition are cardiac abnormalities, growth retardation, mental delay, etc. Complete trisomy 22,  in contrast with mosaic trisomy 22,  is characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 22 found in each cell of the body of the affected individual. As of 2014, 29 live-born human cases have been reported, with all of them dying before the age of 12 months. References
Further reading
Mokate T, Leask K, Mehta S,  et al. (2006). "Non-mosaic trisomy 22: a report of 2 cases". Prenat. Diagn. 26 (10): 962–5. doi:10.1002/pd.1537. PMID 16906599. S2CID 43499352. External links

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