Primary Raynauds is thought to be at least partly hereditary, although specific genes have not yet been identified.Smoking increases frequency and intensity of attacks, and a hormonal component exists. Caffeine, estrogen, and nonselective beta-blockers are often listed as aggravating factors, but evidence that they should be avoided is not solid. Secondary
Raynauds phenomenon, or secondary Raynauds, occurs secondary to a wide variety of other conditions. Secondary Raynauds has a number of associations:
Connective tissue disorders:
Scleroderma
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Rheumatoid arthritis
Sjögrens syndrome
Dermatomyositis
Polymyositis
Mixed connective tissue disease
Cold agglutinin disease
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Eating disorders:
Anorexia nervosa
Obstructive disorders:
Atherosclerosis
Buergers disease
Takayasus arteritis
Subclavian aneurysms
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Drugs:
Beta-blockers
Cytotoxic drugs – particularly chemotherapeutics and most especially bleomycin
Cyclosporin
Bromocriptine
Ergotamine
Sulfasalazine
Anthrax vaccines whose primary ingredient is the Anthrax Protective Antigen
Stimulant medications, such as those used to treat ADHD (amphetamine and methylphenidate)
OTC pseudoephedrine medications (Chlor-Trimeton, Sudafed, others)
Occupation:
Jobs involving vibration, particularly drilling and prolonged use of a string trimmer (weed whacker), experience vibration white finger
Exposure to vinyl chloride, mercury
Exposure to the cold (e.g., by working as a frozen food packer)
Others:
Physical trauma to the extremities
Lyme disease
Hypothyroidism
Cryoglobulinemia
Cancer
Chronic fatigue syndrome
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Magnesium deficiency
Multiple sclerosis
Erythromelalgia (clinically presenting as the opposite of Raynauds, with hot and warm extremities, often co-exists in patients with Raynauds)
Chilblains (also clinically presenting as the opposite of Raynauds, with hot and itchy extremities, however it affects smaller areas than erythromelalgia, for instance the tip of a toe rather than the whole foot)Raynauds can precede these other diseases by many years, making it the first presenting symptom.
It attained 100% of meropenem serum concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for at least 40% of the dosing interval. Side effects
The most common adverse reactions were headache, infusion site reactions and diarrhea. Serious risks include allergic reactions and seizures and Meropenem/vaborbactam should not be used in people with severe allergic reactions to penicillins. History
Rempex Pharmaceuticals developed the drug. It was designated as a "qualified infectious disease product" under the Generating Antibiotic Incentives Now (GAIN) title of the FDA Safety and Innovation Act and therefore received priority review. In August 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration approved it to treat complicated urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis. References
External links
"Meropenem mixture with vaborbactam". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.