Warthins tumor, also known as papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum, is a benign cystic tumor of the salivary glands containing abundant lymphocytes and germinal centers (lymph node-like stroma). It is named for pathologist Aldred Scott Warthin, who described two cases in 1929. Signs and symptoms
Warthins tumor primarily affects older individuals (age 60–70 years). There is a slight male predilection according to recent studies. The tumor is slow growing, painless, and usually appears in the tail of the parotid gland near the angle of the mandible. In 5–14% of cases, Warthins tumor is bilateral, but the two masses usually are at different times. Warthins tumor is highly unlikely to become malignant. Locations
The gland most likely affected is the parotid gland. In fact, it is the only tumor virtually restricted to the parotid gland. Warthins tumor is the second most common benign parotid tumor after pleomorphic adenoma, but its prevalence is steadily increasing. Cause
Its cause is unknown, but there is a strong association with cigarette smoking. Smokers are at 8 times greater risk of developing Warthins tumor than the general population. Diagnosis
The appearance of this tumor under the microscope is unique. There are cystic spaces surrounded by two uniform rows of oncocytes, which are epithelial cells with abundant, granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm. The cystic spaces have epithelium referred to as papillary infoldings that protrude into them. Additionally, the epithelium has lymphoid stroma with germinal center formation.The differential diagnosis includes sebaceous lymphadenoma and oncocytoma. Treatment
Most of these tumors are treated with surgical removal called parotidectomy.
Tobramycin passes the placenta: in the fetus, 20% of the mothers concentrations have been measured.The substance is neither bound to plasma proteins, nor is it metabolized. It is excreted in unchanged form via the kidneys with a biological half-life of about 2 to 3 hours. Elimination from deep compartments such as the renal cortex follows after 8 to 12 hours. In newborns the half-life is 4.6 hours on average; in those with a low birth weight it is as long as 8.7 hours on average. People with reduced kidney function also have a longer half-life for tobramycin, while in those with severe burns it can be shorter. References
Further reading
Davis BD (September 1987). "Mechanism of bactericidal action of aminoglycosides". Microbiological Reviews. 51 (3): 341–50. doi:10.1128/MMBR.51.3.341-350.1987. PMC 373115. PMID 3312985. External links
"Tobramycin". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.