Tarot: Witch of the Black Rose graphic novel debut the ghost twin, She/they are constant companion(s) of Skeleton Man, her protector. The Broadway musical Side Show depicts the lives of real-life conjoined twins Daisy and Violet Hilton, portrayed in the original Broadway production by Alice Ripley and Emily Skinner. Reiko the Zombie Shop, 1990s womens horror manga, bonus chapters focus on unexpectedly life of Noriko and her "sister". Summoners Dr. Zero can resurrect and control fuse zombies called medicinal death. MA GI & CA L., a conjoined magical alternative android, from psychology horror manga Magical Girl Apocalypse. In the TV series The Addams Family, there are extended family members of the Addams Family who are mentioned to have two heads. In "Mother Lurch Visits the Addams Family," Morticia Addams mentions that she has a Cousin Slimy who has two good heads on his shoulder. In "Progress and the Addams Family," Morticia was making a knitted hat for Cousin Plato where Gomez Addams has stated that his left head is size 6 and his right head is size 8 3/4. In "Lurchs Little Helper," Morticia made a portrait of Cousin Crimp who has a male head and a female head. Tamil actor Suriya portrays Vimalan and Akilan, conjoined twins in the 2012 film, Maattrraan. The book The Girls, by Canadian novelist Lori Lansens, published in 2005, is the fictional autobiography of Canadian craniopagus twins Rose and Ruby Darlen with Slovakian background. Irish author Sarah Crossan won the Carnegie Medal for her verse novel, One.
In many cases, the surgery results in the death of one or both of the twins, particularly if they are joined at the head or share a vital organ. This makes the ethics of surgical separation, where the twins can survive if not separated, contentious. Alice Dreger of Northwestern University found the quality of life of twins who remain conjoined to be higher than is commonly supposed. Lori and George Schappell and Abby and Brittany Hensel are notable examples. The first record of separating conjoined twins took place in the Byzantine Empire in the 900s. One of the conjoined twins had already died, so the doctors of the town attempted to separate the dead twin from the surviving twin. The result was partly successful as the remaining twin lived for three days after separation. The next case of separating conjoined twins was recorded in 1689 in Germany several centuries later. The first recorded successful separation of conjoined twins was performed in 1689 by Johannes Fatio. In 1955, neurosurgeon Harold Voris (1902-1980) and his team at Mercy Hospital in Chicago performed the first successful operation to separate craniopagus twins (conjoined at the head), which resulted in long-term survival for both. The larger girl was reported in 1963 as developing normally, but the smaller girl was permanently impaired.In 1957, Bertram Katz and his surgical team made international medical history performing the worlds first successful separation of conjoined twins sharing a vital organ.