Cefazolin, also known as cefazoline and cephazolin, is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. Specifically it is used to treat cellulitis, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, endocarditis, joint infection, and biliary tract infections. It is also used to prevent group B streptococcal disease around the time of delivery and before surgery. It is typically given by injection into a muscle or vein.Common side effects include diarrhea, vomiting, yeast infections, and allergic reactions. It is not recommended in people who have a history of anaphylaxis to penicillin. It is relatively safe for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Cefazolin is in the first-generation cephalosporin class of medication and works by interfering with the bacterias cell wall.Cefazolin was patented in 1967 and came into commercial use in 1971. It is on the World Health Organizations List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. Medical uses
Cefazolin is used in a variety of infections provided that susceptible organisms are involved. It is indicated for use in the following infections:
Respiratory tract infections
Urinary tract infections
Skin infections
Biliary tract infections
Bone and joint infections
Genital infections
Blood infections (sepsis)
EndocarditisIt can also be used peri-operatively to prevent infections post-surgery, and is often the preferred drug for surgical prophylaxis.There is no penetration into the central nervous system and therefore cefazolin is not effective in treating meningitis.Cefazolin has been shown to be effective in treating methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) but does not work in cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Lethal arthrogryposis with anterior horn cell disease (LAAHD)  is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by reduced mobility of the foetus and early death. Presentation
LAAHD resembles LCCS1 disease but the phenotype is milder, with survival beyond 32nd gestational week. However, the foetuses are often stillborn or survive only few minutes. The movements of the foetus during pregnancy are scanty and stiff, often only in upper limbs. The malpositions are distal. The inwards spiral and especially the elbow contractures are less severe than in LCCS1 disease. Some patients have intrauterine long bone fractures. Skeletal muscles are affected and show neurogenic atrophy. The size and shape of spinal cord at different levels are normal but anterior horn motoneurons are diminished in number and degenerated. Molecular genetics
LAAHD disease results from compound heterozygosity of GLE1FinMajor and a missense point mutation in exon 13 (6 cases in 3 families) or a missense mutation in exon 16 ( seven cases in 3 families). One of the latter cases survived 12 weeks, mostly under artificial respiration. Diagnosis
Treatment
Epidemiology
LAAHD is one of approximately 40 Finnish heritage diseases. Families affected by these diseases come from different parts of Finland, and birthplaces of the ancestors of affected individuals do not show geographic clustering. References


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