Craniosynostosis where no extracranial deformations are present, is called non-syndromic or isolated  craniosynostosis. When there are extracranial deformations present, for instance involving the limbs,  heart, central nervous system or the respiratory tract, you may speak of a syndromic form of craniosynostosis. More than 180 identified syndromes show deformations due to craniosynostosis. The following syndromes are associated with fibroblast growth factor receptors:In addition, the following syndromes have been identified:

Differential diagnosis
Deformational plagiocephaly
The main difference between plagiocephaly based on craniosynostosis and deformational plagiocephaly is that there is no suture fusion in the latter one. The malleability of the neonatal skull allows the skull to change shape due to extrinsic forces.With the tests a pediatrician should perform, as explained above, the difference is quite easy to make. In deformational plagiocephaly the skull does not show a bulging of the mastoid and in these patients the skull base and position of the ears is level, all in contrary with plagiocephaly due to craniosynostosis. Displacement of one ear to the front is characteristic for deformational plagiocephaly. Primary microcephaly
Primary microcephaly shows a clinical image of craniosynostosis, but due to a different cause. The primary failure is the absence of growth of the brain, rendering the sutures of the cranial vault useless. As a consequence, the sutures close, presenting a pansynostosis like image. A differentiation between these two conditions can be made with a computed tomography (CT) scan. The subarachnoid spaces are typically enlarged with primary microcephaly, whereas they are reduced or absent in true pansynostosis.
The difference is that this time, the deformity mostly shows at the occiput.By Virchows law, restriction of growth will occur at the ipsilateral side of the head; compensatory growth will occur at the contralateral side of the head. This growth pattern exerts an effect at the base of the skull, which is not even when the child is assessed from a point of view standing behind the child, as well as on the cervical spine, which shows a curvature. In addition, from a point of view standing behind the child, a bulging of the mastoid can be seen. Minimal forehead asymmetries are typically seen. Brachycephaly
Brachycephaly, or a short head, is the result of a closure of both the coronal sutures. Following Virchows law, this will result in a childs head with a restriction of growth in the forward direction and in the backward direction: recessed frontal bones and a flattened occiput. Compensatory growth will occur sideways, due to the sagittal suture, and upwards, due to the lambdoid sutures. Oxycephaly
Oxycephaly, also known as turricephaly and high-head syndrome, is a type of cephalic disorder. This is a term  sometimes used to describe the premature closure  of the coronal suture plus any other suture, like the lambdoid suture,

Pansynostosis
The word pansynostosis is also Greek-derived and can be translated as "all one bone", indicating that all of the sutures are closed. In general practice, the term is used to describe the children with three or more cranial sutures closed.Pansynostosis can present in several ways.