Cases occupied with a lower risk lesion are expected to continue appointments with physicians for up to 3 years post-surgery. A higher risk lesion is encouraged to consistently consult with physicians during a 7-year period after treatment. Remission events require immediate attention and appropriate procedures such as enucleation or curettage. In more damaging cases of remission, tissue resection, and marsupialization may have to be performed. Epidemiology
The clinical presentation of the GOC is very low in the population as noted by the 0.12 to 0.13% occurrence rate, extrapolated from a sample size of the 181 individuals. The GOC mainly affects older individuals in the population, especially those that are in their 40 to 60s. However, the GOC can affect younger individuals i.e. 11, and more older individuals i.e. 82 in the population. The age distribution starts at a much lower number for people living in Asia and Africa. Those in their first 10 years of life have not been diagnosed with the GOC. The GOC does present a tendency to proliferate in more males than females. There is no definitive conclusion towards the relevance of gender and its influence on the rate of incidence. References
Bibliography
AbdullGaffar, Badr; Koilelat, Mohamed (May 2017). "Glandular Odontogenic Cyst: The Value of Intraepithelial Hemosiderin". International Journal of Surgical Pathology. 25 (3): 250–252. doi:10.1177/1066896916672333. PMID 27829208. S2CID 46588216. Akkaş, İsmail; Toptaş, Orçun; Özan, Fatih; Yılmaz, Fahri (1 March 2015). "Bilateral Glandular Odontogenic Cyst of Mandible: A Rare Occurrence". Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery. 14 (1): 443–447. doi:10.1007/s12663-014-0668-y. PMC 4379287. PMID 25848155.
The occurrence of GOC may be from a mutated cell from "the oral mucosa and the dental follicle" origin. Another probable cause is from pre-existing cysts or cancerous constituents. A potential biological origin of GOC is a cyst developed at a salivary gland or simple epithelium, which undergoes maturation at the glandular. Another origin is a primordial cyst that infiltrates the glandular epithelial tissue through a highly organised cellular differentiation. Pathologists discovered a BCL-2 protein, commonly present in neoplasms, to exist in the tissue layers of the GOC. The protein is capable of disrupting normal cell death function at the odontogenic region. The analysis of PTCH, a gene that specialises in neoplasm inhibition, was carried out to determine if any existing mutations played a role in the initiation of the GOC. It is confirmed that the gene had no assistance in triggering cystic advancement. Diagnosis
Radiology
The performance of radiographic imaging i.e. computed tomography, at the affected area is considered essential. Radiographic imaging of the GOC can display a defined unilocular or multilocular appearance that may be "rounded or oval" shaped upon clinical observation. Scans may present a distribution of the GOC at the upper jaw as it presents a 71.8% prevalence in cases. The margin surrounding the GOC is usually occupied with a scalloped definition. A bilateral presentation of the GOC is possible but is not common at either the maxilla or mandible sites. The GOC has an average size of 4.9 cm that can develop over the midline when positioned at the mandible or maxilla region.