The occurrence of GOC may be from a mutated cell from "the oral mucosa and the dental follicle" origin. Another probable cause is from pre-existing cysts or cancerous constituents. A potential biological origin of GOC is a cyst developed at a salivary gland or simple epithelium, which undergoes maturation at the glandular. Another origin is a primordial cyst that infiltrates the glandular epithelial tissue through a highly organised cellular differentiation. Pathologists discovered a BCL-2 protein, commonly present in neoplasms, to exist in the tissue layers of the GOC. The protein is capable of disrupting normal cell death function at the odontogenic region. The analysis of PTCH, a gene that specialises in neoplasm inhibition, was carried out to determine if any existing mutations played a role in the initiation of the GOC. It is confirmed that the gene had no assistance in triggering cystic advancement. Diagnosis
Radiology
The performance of radiographic imaging i.e. computed tomography, at the affected area is considered essential. Radiographic imaging of the GOC can display a defined unilocular or multilocular appearance that may be "rounded or oval" shaped upon clinical observation. Scans may present a distribution of the GOC at the upper jaw as it presents a 71.8% prevalence in cases. The margin surrounding the GOC is usually occupied with a scalloped definition. A bilateral presentation of the GOC is possible but is not common at either the maxilla or mandible sites. The GOC has an average size of 4.9 cm that can develop over the midline when positioned at the mandible or maxilla region.
The comparable characteristics of GOC with other jaw lesions require the close examination of its histology, morphology, and immunocytochemistry for a differential diagnosis. Treatment modes of the GOC follow a case-by-case approach due to the variable nature of the cyst. The selected treatment must be accompanied with an appropriate pre and post-operative plan. Signs and Symptoms
The appearance of a protrusive growth will be present at their mandible or maxilla. The expansive nature of this cyst may destruct the quality of symmetry at the facial region and would be a clear physical sign of abnormality. The area of impact may likely be at the anterior region of mandible as described in a significant number of reported cases. At this region, GOC would eventually mediate expansion at the molars. A painful and swollen sensation at the jaw region caused by GOC may be reported. Detailing of a painless feeling or facial paraesthesia can be experienced. Alongside GOC, "root resorption, cortical bone thinning and perforation, and tooth displacement may occur". Experience of swelling at the buccal and lingual zones can occur. Usually, the smaller sized GOCs present no classical signs or symptoms to the case (i.e. "asymptomatic"). GOC is filled with cystic a fluid that differs in viscosity and may appear as transparent, brownish-red, or creamy in colour. Causes
The GOC can arise through a number of causes:The origin of the GOC can be understood through its biological and histochemistry foundations. It has been suggested that GOC can be a result of a traumatic event.