Non-bullous pemphigoid
In some patients, pemphigoid starts off with cutaneous manifestations of BP without bullae, as the only sign of the disease. Pruritic eczematous, papular, or urticaria-like skin lesions may also persist for weeks to months. Bullous phase
The bullous stage of BP shows vesicles and bulla, appearing on apparently normal or erythematous skin, predominantly at  the flexural aspects of the extremities and the lower trunk. Mucosal lesions, which typically are erosions of the oral mucosa, are present in 10 to 30 percent of patients. Occasionally, the blister fluid becomes blood-tinged. The blisters are tense, about 1–4 cm in diameter, leaving eroded and crusted areas, together with urticarial and infiltrated papules and plaques in an annular or figurate pattern.Homology between bullous pemphigoid antigens in the skin and neuronal antigens in the central nervous system has been proposed as a cause for the observed link between bullous pemphigoid and neurologic disease, along with a genetic predisposition. Patients with bullous pemphigoid usually present with two or more other chronic diseases such as neurological disorders(dementia, Parkinsons disease, or stroke). However, further studies are necessary to explore the relationship between these disorders. Cause
The pathogenetic mechanism of blister formation is known, the trigger to the formation of the antibodies to the hemidesmosome antigens is still unknown. Most of the bullous pemphigoid cases are due to autoantibodies (mostly IgG) directed at antigens (BP180 and BP230) arranged at the dermal-epidermal junction.
It is also caused by trauma. In most cases, when white spots appear on a single or a couple of fingers or toes, the most common cause is injury to the base (matrix) of the nail. When this is the case, white spots disappear after around eight months, which is the amount of time necessary for nails to regrow completely. The pattern and number of spots may change as the nail grows. Longitudinal leukonychia
Longitudinal leukonychia is far less common and features smaller 1mm white longitudinal lines visible under the nail plate and parallel to the nail bed. It may be associated with Dariers disease. Cause
It is harmless and most commonly caused by minor injuries, such as nail biting, which occur while the nail is growing. Leukonychia occurs most commonly in healthy individuals, and is unrelated to any known nutritional or physiological deficiency. When caused by injury the marks will disappear as the nail grows outwards. While there are various sources that link dietary needs or vitamin deficiency with recurrent leukonychia, this notion has been challenged by some medical researchers.Other possible reasons for this problem with nail colour can be linked to:

Arsenic poisoning
Lead poisoning
Pneumonia
Heart disease
Kidney failure
Ill health
Hypoalbuminemia
Vitamin deficiency
Ulcerative colitis
Liver cirrhosis
Psychogenic stresses
Onychophagia
Trauma injury
Occupational trauma
Zinc deficiency
Protein deficiency
Psoriasis
Eczema
Iron deficiency

Diagnosis
A doctor will take a thorough medical history, and may take blood tests as well as examining liver and kidney function. Intracellular (red blood cell) assays are more sensitive than tests for plasma levels. Treatment
Improvements have been reported from treating malnutrition associated with zinc deficiency and other minerals. References


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