Medical uses
In the United States, ravulizumab is indicated for the treatment of adults and children one month of age and older with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and for the treatment of adults and children one month of age and older with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) to inhibit complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA).In the European Union, ravulizumab is indicated in the treatment of adults with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria:

in people with haemolysis with clinical symptom(s) indicative of high disease activity
in people who are clinically stable after having been treated with eculizumab for at least the past six months. Names
Ravulizumab is the International Nonproprietary Name (INN). History
Ravulizumab was developed by Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. It was engineered from eculizumab to have a longer-lasting effect.Ravulizumab was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2018. In April 2019, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) recommended the granting of a conditional marketing authorization for ravulizumab. Ravulizumab was approved for medical use in the EU in July 2019. References
Further reading
Stern RM, Connell NT (2019). "Ravulizumab: a novel C5 inhibitor for the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria". Ther Adv Hematol. 10: 2040620719874728. doi:10.1177/2040620719874728. PMC 6737867. PMID 31534662. External links
"Ravulizumab". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
A parapharyngeal abscess is a deep neck space abscess of the parapharyngeal space (or pharyngomaxillary space), which is lateral to the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and medial to the masseter muscle. This space is divided by the styloid process into anterior and posterior compartments. The posterior compartment contains the carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and many nerves. Signs and symptoms
Symptoms include fever, sore throat, painful swallowing, and swelling in the neck. An anterior space abscess can cause lockjaw (spasm of jaw muscle), and hard mass formation along the angle of the mandible, with medial bulging of the tonsil and lateral pharyngeal wall. A posterior space abscess causes swelling in the posterior pharyngeal wall, and lockjaw is minimal. Other structures within the carotid sheath may be involved, causing rigors, high fever, bacteremia, neurologic deficit, or a massive haemorrhage caused by carotid artery rupture. Cause
Infection can occur from:

Pharynx: acute and chronic infection of tonsil and adenoids
Teeth: dental infection occurs from lower last molar tooth
Ear: Bezolds abscess and petrositis
Other space: infection of parotid retropharyngeal space
External trauma: penetrating injuries of neck, injection of local anaesthetic

Epidemiology
Parapharyngeal abscess is more common in male than the female gender. Any age group can develop a parapharyngeal abscess but it is most commonly seen in children and adolescents. Adults who are immunocompromised are also at high risk. == References ==