Mechanism of action
Alters bacterial outer membrane permeability by binding to a negatively charged site in the lipopolysaccharide layer, which has an electrostatic attraction for the positively charged amino groups in the cyclic peptide portion  (this site normally is a binding site for calcium and magnesium counter ions); the result is a destabilized outer membrane
Fatty acid portion dissolves in hydrophobic region of cytoplasmic membrane and disrupts membrane integrity
Leakage of cellular molecules, inhibition of cellular respiration
Binds and inactivates endotoxin
Relative absence of selective toxicity: nonspecific for cell membranes of any type, highly toxic.Removal of the hydrophobic tail of polymyxin B yields polymyxin nonapeptide (PMBN), which still binds to LPS, but no longer kills the bacterial cell. However, it still detectably increases the permeability of the bacterial cell wall to other antibiotics, indicating that it still causes some degree of membrane disorganization. Mixture composition
Polymyxin B is composed of polymyxins B1, B1-I, B2, B3, and B6. Polymyxins B1 and B2 are considered major components. These related components are structurally identical with the exception of a variable fatty acid group on each fraction. Results from in vitro studies have shown marginal differences in MIC data when comparing the fractions. Research application
Polymyxin B is also used to induce envelope stress in order to study the organisms response to such stress. Polymyxin envelope stress assays such as this have been used for the study of small RNA (sRNA) responses in Salmonella enterica. See also
Polymyxin

References
External links
"Polymyxin B". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Lodoxamide is an antiallergic pharmaceutical drug. It is marketed under the tradename Alomide in the UK. Like cromoglicic acid it acts as a mast cell stabilizer. In 2014 lodoxamide and bufrolin were found to be potent agonists at the G protein-coupled receptor 35, an orphan receptor believed to play a role in inflammatory processes, pain and the development of stomach cancer. See also
Nedocromil
Zaprinast
Amlexanox
Pemirolast
Pamoic acid
Kynurenic acid
CXCL17


== References ==