Changes in lifestyle factors, such as reduced salt intake and increased physical activity have been shown to improve outcomes but are insufficient without pharmacological treatment. Epidemiology
The incidence of hypertensive nephropathy varies around the world. For instance, it accounts for as many as 25% and 17% of patients starting dialysis for end-stage kidney disease in Italy and France respectively. Contrastingly, Japan and China report only 6 and 7% respectively. Since the year 2000, nephropathy caused by hypertension has increased in incidence by 8.7%  In reality, these figures may be even higher, as hypertension is not always reported as the specific cause of kidney disease.It has been recognized that the incidence of hypertensive nephropathy varies with ethnicity. Compared to Caucasians, African Americans in the USA are much more likely to develop hypertensive nephropathy. Of those who do, the proportion who then go on to develop end-stage kidney failure is 3.5 times higher than in the Caucasian population. In addition to this, African Americans tend to develop hypertensive nephropathy at a younger age than Caucasians (45 to 65, compared to >65). See also
Nephropathy

References
Further reading
Tylicki L, Rutkowski B (2003). "Hypertensive nephropathy: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment". Pol. Merkur. Lekarski (in Polish). 14 (80): 168–73. PMID 12728683. Luft FC (October 2000). "Hypertensive nephrosclerosis-a cause of end-stage renal disease?". Nephrol Dial Transplant. 15 (10): 1515–7. doi:10.1093/ndt/15.10.1515. PMID 11007815. == External links ==
Chondrodysplasia punctata is a clinically and genetically diverse group of rare diseases, first described by Erich Conradi (1882–1968), that share the features of stippled epiphyses and skeletal changes. : 500 : 549

Types
Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata  215100,  222765,  600121
X-linked recessive chondrodysplasia punctata  302950
Conradi–Hünermann syndrome (chondrodysplasia punctata 2, x-linked dominant)  302960
Autosomal dominant chondrodysplasia punctata  118650

See also
List of cutaneous conditions
List of radiographic findings associated with cutaneous conditions

References


== External links ==