Cardiac catheterization and biopsy: In this procedure, a thin tube (catheter) is inserted into the groin and threaded through the blood vessels to the heart, where a small sample (biopsy) of the heart, if indicated, can be extracted for laboratory analysis. For deceased people, cardiomegaly at autopsy has been suggested when the heart weighs more than >399 grams in women and >449 grams in men. Classification
Cardiomegaly can be classified by the main enlarged location of the heart, and/or by the structure of the enlargement. There are also specific additional subtypes. For example, the athletic heart syndrome is a non-pathological condition commonly seen in sports medicine in which the human heart is enlarged, and the resting heart rate is lower than normal. By enlarged location
Ventricular hypertrophy
Left
Right / Cor pulmonale
Atrial enlargement
Left
Right

Structure of enlargement
Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common type of cardiomegaly. In this condition, the walls of the left and/or right ventricles of the heart become thin and stretched. The result is an enlarged heart.In the other types of cardiomegaly, the hearts large muscular left ventricle becomes abnormally thick. Hypertrophy is usually what causes left ventricular enlargement. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is typically an inherited condition. Treatment
Treatments for cardiomegaly include a combination of medication treatment and medical/surgical procedures. Below are some of the treatment options for individuals with cardiomegaly:
Medications

Diuretics: to lower the amount of sodium and water in the body, which can help lower the pressure in the arteries and heart. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: to lower the blood pressure and improve the hearts pumping ability.
"Spurious hermaphroditism" was coined in 1836 by J. Y. Simpson.Although "pseudohermaphroditism" persisted in the International Classification of Diseases, Versions 9 (ICD-9) and 10 (ICD-10) as 752.7 (Indeterminate sex and pseudohermaphroditism) and Q56 (Interdeterminate sex and pseudohermaphroditism), it has since been removed in the eleventh version (ICD-11), in favor of LD2A.Y (Other specified malformative disorders of sex development).Some experts have indicated that both pseudohermaphroditism (also called false hermaphroditism) and true hermaphroditism are outdated, confusing, and potentially pejorative, indicating replacement with "disorders of sex development", "disorders of sexual development", "differences of sex development" (all abbreviated as DSD) or "intersex".Additionally, intersex activists have noted that: "The qualifiers pseudo and true are even more harmful [than hermaphrodite on its own], because they imply a sort of authenticity, or lack of same, that carry powerful emotional baggage". Dreger et al had also noted that "division of many intersex types into true hermaphroditism, male pseudohermaphroditism, and female pseudohermaphroditism is scientifically specious and clinically problematic". See also
(DoDI) 6130.03, 2018, section 5, 13f and 14m
Disorders of sex development
Intersex medical interventions
Diophantus of Abae
Callon of Epidaurus
Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

References


== External links ==