Zileuton (trade name Zyflo) is an orally active inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, and thus inhibits leukotrienes (LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) formation, used for the maintenance treatment of asthma. Zileuton was introduced in 1996 by Abbott Laboratories and is now marketed in two formulations by Cornerstone Therapeutics Inc. under the brand names Zyflo and Zyflo CR. The original immediate-release formulation, Zyflo, is taken four times per day. The extended-release formulation, Zyflo CR, is taken twice daily. Although the 600 mg immediate release tablet (Zyflo) and extended release formulation of zileuton are still available (Zyflo CR), the 300 mg immediate release tablet was withdrawn from the U.S. market on February 12, 2008. Pharmacotherapy
Indications and dosing
Zileuton is indicated for the prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma in adults and children 12 years of age and older. Zileuton is not indicated for use in the reversal of bronchospasm in acute asthma attacks. Therapy with zileuton can be continued during acute exacerbations of asthma. The recommended dose of Zyflo is one 600 mg tablet, four times per day. The tablets may be split in half to make them easier to swallow. The recommended dose of Zyflo CR is two 600 mg extended-release tablets twice daily, within one hour after morning and evening meals, for a daily dose of 2400 mg.  Do not split Zyflo CR tablets in half. Related compounds include montelukast (Singulair) and zafirlukast (Accolate). These two compounds are leukotriene receptor antagonists which block the action of specific leukotrienes, while zileuton inhibits leukotriene formation.
Furthermore,  cigarette smoke was discovered to increase COX-2 and PGE2 expression in fibroblasts, which could indicate the role of cigarette smoke in Reinkes edema.While smoking is a clear risk factor to Reinkes edema, other risk factors are being identified to explain Reinkes edema in nonsmokers. Research has suggested the role of bacterial colonies in non-neoplastic lesions such as Reinkes edema. Using pyrosequencing, strains of S. pseudopneumoniae were found as the dominant bacterial strain across most non-neoplastic lesions. Of all the sequences analyzed, streptococcus represented 72.9% of bacteria found within these lesions. While smoking, gastric reflux, and vocal abuse have been more widely agreed upon in literature as risk factors for Reinkes edema, the altered bacterial cultures could be developed as a diagnostic tool in the future.The majority of the research within the last ten years focuses on improving surgery for Reinkes edema. Due to the importance of the Reinkes space in speech, it is important that minimally invasive techniques be perfected that minimize the risk of complications. The CO2 laser has been successfully incorporated into the surgical technique, however, there are several other lasers being investigated for use in Reinkes edema. These include photoangiolytic lasers and potassium titanyl phosphate lasers. See also
List of voice disorders
Histology of the Vocal Folds

References
Notes"Benign Vocal Lesions - Nodules, Polyps, Cysts". The Center for Voice at Northwestern University. Archived from the original on August 17, 2007. Retrieved July 24, 2007. External links

"Illustration of Reinkes Edema". The Center for Voice at Northwestern University. Archived from the original on August 17, 2007.