Some of them are clean-shaven, but others—especially those of high rank—shave their cheeks but leave a moustache that covers the whole mouth...".During the medieval period, Spanish women preferred to dye their hair black, yet by the time of the Renaissance in the 16th century the fashion (imported from Italy) was to bleach their hair blond or dye it red. Between the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, a number of dangerous hair bleaching methods remained widely practiced, including the use of sulfuric acid, which was an accepted form of hair coloring around the 1600s, and laying out in the sun with hair covered in lye a century later.In Sir Hugh Plats 1602 work Delightes for Ladies the use of oil of vitriol (sulfuric acid) to bleach black hair to chestnut is described as: "Take one part of lead calcined with Sulphur, and one part of quicklime: temper them somewhat thin with water: lay it upon the hair, chafing it well in, and let it dry one quarter of an hour or thereasbouts; the wash the same off with fair water divers times: and lastly with sope and water, and it will be a very natural hair-colour. The longer it lyeth upon the haire, the browner it groweth, This coloureth not the flesh at all, and yet it lasteth very long in the hair." Modern history
Howard Hughes 1931 movie Platinum Blonde starring Jean Harlow is noted to have popularized platinum blonde hair color in the US.
Centrilobular necrosis occurs.Macroscopically, the liver has a pale and spotty appearance in affected areas, as stasis of the blood causes pericentral hepatocytes (liver cells surrounding the central venule of the liver) to become deoxygenated compared to the relatively better-oxygenated periportal hepatocytes adjacent to the hepatic arterioles. This retardation of the blood also occurs in lung lesions, such as chronic interstitial pneumonia, pleural effusions, and intrathoracic tumors. Diagnosis
It is diagnosed with laboratory testing, including liver function tests, and radiology imaging, including ultrasounds. Treatment
Treatment is directed largely to removing the cause, or, where that is impossible, to modifying effects of the heart failure. Thus, therapy aimed at improving right heart function will also improve congestive hepatopathy. True nutmeg liver is usually secondary to left-sided heart failure, causing congestive right heart failure, so treatment options are limited.Treatments for heart failure include medications, an intra-aortic balloon pump, a ventricular assist device, heart valve replacements, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (if the heart failure worsens suddenly and especially if an infection was the cause), an artificial heart, or a heart transplant (from a deceased human donor, or from a pig). Some patients may need a liver transplant; an artificial liver can be used for a short period of time (about two weeks or so) as a bridge to a transplant, or until the liver recovers. See also
Ischemic hepatitis

References


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