In the fresh state its upper part is covered with a thin layer of cartilage, lined by a prolongation of the synovial membrane of the shoulder-joint; its lower portion gives insertion to the tendon of the latissimus dorsi muscle. It is deep and narrow above, and becomes shallow and a little broader as it descends. Its lips are called, respectively, the crests of the greater and lesser tubercles (bicipital ridges), and form the upper parts of the anterior and medial borders of the body of the bone. Shaft
The body or shaft of the humerus is triangular to cylindrical in cut section and is compressed anteroposteriorly. It has 3 surfaces, namely:

Anterolateral surface: the area between the lateral border of the humerus to the line drawn as a continuation of the crest of the greater tubercle. The antero-lateral surface is directed lateralward above, where it is smooth, rounded, and covered by the deltoid muscle; forward and lateralward below, where it is slightly concave from above downward, and gives origin to part of the Brachialis. About the middle of this surface is a rough, rectangular elevation, the deltoid tuberosity for the insertion of the deltoid muscle; below this is the radial sulcus, directed obliquely from behind, forward, and downward, and transmitting the radial nerve and profunda artery. Anteromedial surface: the area between the medial border of the humerus to the line drawn as a continuation of the crest of the greater tubercle.
Distal clavicular osteolysis
Distal clavicular osteolysis (DCO) is often associated with problems weightlifters have with their acromioclavicular joints due to high mechanical stresses put on the clavicle as it meets with the acromion. This condition is often referred to as "weight lifters shoulder". Medical ultrasonography readily depicts resorption of the distal clavicle as irregular cortical erosions, whereas the acromion remains intact. Associated findings may include distended joint capsule, soft tissue swelling, and joint instability. A common surgery to treat recalcitrant DCO is resection of distal clavicle by removing a few millimetres of bone from the very end of the bone. See also
Osteolytic lesion
Biomineralization

References


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