Measurement
Crown-rump length is the measurement of the length of human embryos and fetuses from the top of the head (crown) to the bottom of the buttocks (rump). It is typically determined from ultrasound imagery and can be used to estimate gestational age. Until two years old, recumbent length is used to measure infants. Length measures the same dimension as height, but height is measured standing up while the length is measured lying down. In developed nations, the average total body length of a newborn is about 50 cm (20 in), although premature newborns may be much smaller. Standing height is used to measure children over two years old and adults who can stand without assistance. Measure is done with a stadiometer. In general, standing height is about 0.7 cm (0.28 in) less than recumbent length.Surrogate height measurements are used when standing height and recumbent length are impractical. For sample Chumlea equation use knee height as indicator of stature. Other techniques include: arm span, sitting height, ulna length, etc. See also
Anthropometry, the measurement of the human individual
Body weight
Economics and Human Biology (academic journal)
History of anthropometry
Human physical appearance
Human variability
Pygmy peoples

Citations
General bibliography
Grandjean, Etienne (1987). Fitting the Task to the Man: An Ergonomic Approach. London, UK: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-85066-192-7. (for heights in U.S. and Japan)
Eurostat Statistical Yearbook 2004. Luxembourg: Eurostat. 2014. ISBN 978-92-79-38906-1. (for heights in Germany)
Netherlands Central Bureau for Statistics, 1996 (for average heights)
Ogden, Cynthia L.; Fryar, Cheryl D.; Carroll, Margaret D. & Flegal, Katherine M. (27 October 2004).
In regions of poverty or warfare, environmental factors like chronic malnutrition during childhood or adolescence may result in delayed growth and/or marked reductions in adult stature even without the presence of any of these medical conditions. A study of 20th-century British natality trends indicated that while tall men tended to reproduce more than short men, women of below-average height had more children than taller women. Determinants of growth and height
The study of height is known as auxology. Growth has long been recognized as a measure of the health of individuals, hence part of the reasoning for the use of growth charts. For individuals, as indicators of health problems, growth trends are tracked for significant deviations, and growth is also monitored for significant deficiency from genetic expectations. Genetics is a major factor in determining the height of individuals, though it is far less influential regarding differences among populations. Average height is relevant to the measurement of the health and wellness (standard of living and quality of life) of populations.Attributed as a significant reason for the trend of increasing height in parts of Europe are the egalitarian populations where proper medical care and adequate nutrition are relatively equally distributed. The uneven distribution of nutritional resources makes it more plausible for individuals with better access to resources to grow taller, while the other population group who does not have so much of a nutritious food availability height growth is not as promising. Average height in a nation is correlated with protein quality.