While dopamine receptor D2 suppresses adenylate cyclase activity, the D1 receptor increases it. If D2-blocking drugs are administered, the blocked dopamine spills over to the D1 receptors. The increased adenylate cyclase activity affects genetic expression in the nerve cell, which takes time. Hence antipsychotic drugs take a week or two to reduce the symptoms of psychosis. Moreover, newer and equally effective antipsychotic drugs actually block slightly less dopamine in the brain than older drugs whilst also blocking 5-HT2A receptors, suggesting the dopamine hypothesis may be oversimplified. Soyka and colleagues found no evidence of dopaminergic dysfunction in people with alcohol-induced psychosis and Zoldan et al. reported moderately successful use of ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, in the treatment of levodopa psychosis in Parkinsons disease patients.A review found an association between a first-episode of psychosis and prediabetes.Prolonged or high dose use of psychostimulants can alter normal functioning, making it similar to the manic phase of bipolar disorder. NMDA antagonists replicate some of the so-called "negative" symptoms like thought disorder in subanesthetic doses (doses insufficient to induce anesthesia), and catatonia in high doses). Psychostimulants, especially in one already prone to psychotic thinking, can cause some "positive" symptoms, such as delusional beliefs, particularly those persecutory in nature. Culture
Cross-cultural studies into schizophrenia have found that individual experiences of psychosis and ‘hearing voices’ vary across cultures.
Among the forms of spastic CP, quad CP is more likely to co-occur with seizures and mild to moderate intellectual disability.In spastic cerebral palsy in children with low birth weights, 25% of children had hemiplegia, 37.5% had quadriplegia, and 37.5% had diplegia. No one person with a particular type of spastic CP presents in exactly the same way. Treatment
There is no cure for spastic cerebral palsy and no way to reverse the initial brain injury. However, various treatments and assistive devices can help mitigate pain and allow those affected to have a higher quality of life. Different combinations of treatments are right for each individual and are determined by individuals and their care team.Some common interventions are:

Physical therapy- exercises to develop balance and strength and to learn skills such as walking, rolling, or driving a wheelchair. Occupational therapy- therapy to help an individual develop strategies to complete activities of daily living such as dressing, toileting, and bathing either independently or with a level of assistance that is safe and comfortable. Orthotics- braces and splints to improve posture and positioning (usually on legs or arms). Assistive devices- Wheelchairs, crutches, and walkers may help someone with spastic CP navigate safely. Different devices may be used in different settings or for longer distances. People with cerebral palsy may use up to 3-5 times the energy as those without when moving; thus, a device such as a wheelchair may reduce fatigue.