Dengue vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent dengue fever in humans. Development of dengue vaccines began in the 1920s, but was hindered by the need to create immunity against all four dengue serotypes.As of 2021, one version is commercially available, known as CYD-TDV, and sold under the brand name Dengvaxia. The vaccine is only recommended in those who have previously had dengue fever or populations in which most people have been previously infected. The value of the vaccine is limited by the fact that it may increase the risk of severe dengue in those who have not previously been infected. In 2017, more than 733,000 children and more than 50,000 adult volunteers were vaccinated with CYD-TDV regardless of serostatus, which led to a controversy.In March 2021, the European Medicines Agency accepted the filing package for vaccine candidate TAK-003, which is designated for people not previously infected.There are other vaccine candidates in development including live attenuated, inactivated, DNA and subunit vaccines. History
In December 2018, Dengvaxia was approved in the European Union.In May 2019, Dengvaxia was approved in the United States as the first vaccine approved for the prevention of dengue disease caused by all dengue virus serotypes (1, 2, 3 and 4) in people ages nine through 16 who have laboratory-confirmed previous dengue infection and who live in endemic areas.
Peripheral α2 agonist activity results in vasoconstriction of blood vessels (as opposed to central α2 agonist activity that decreases sympathetic tone, as can be seen by the medication clonidine). This vasoconstriction may explain the acute reduction in aqueous humor flow. The increased uveoscleral outflow from prolonged use may be explained by increased prostaglandin release due to α adrenergic stimulation. This may lead to relaxed ciliary muscle and increased uveoscleral outflow. Society and culture
Names
It is sold under the brand names Alphagan, Alphagan-P, Mirvaso, Lumify, Brymont, and others. Over the counter
In July 2018, Bausch and Lomb began to market over the counter (OTC) eye drops, using brimonidines tartrate formulation in a concentration of 0.025%, as an ophthalmic vasoconstrictor under the brand name Lumify. Intended to relieve redness in the sclerae of the eyes for periods of up to eight hours at a time through its vasoconstrictive effects, Lumify was marketed as an alternative to Visine, the brand of tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride solution most commonly used for that purpose. References
Further reading
Oh DJ, Chen JL, Vajaranant TS, Dikopf MS (January 2019). "Brimonidine tartrate for the treatment of glaucoma". Expert Opin Pharmacother. 20 (1): 115–122. doi:10.1080/14656566.2018.1544241. PMID 30407890. S2CID 53240954. External links
"Brimonidine". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Brimonidine tartrate". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.