Its presentation on radiography is a radiolucent cleft often called a vacuum phenomenon, or vacuum sign. Pneumarthrosis is associated with osteoarthritis and spondylosis.Pneumarthrosis is a common normal finding in shoulders as well as in sternoclavicular joints. It is believed to be a cause of the sounds of joint cracking. It is also a common normal post-operative finding at least after spinal surgery. Pneumarthrosis is extremely rare in conjunction with fluid or pus in a joint, and its presence can therefore practically exclude infection. Other
Subcutaneous emphysema is found in the deepest layer of the skin. Emphysematous cystitis is a condition of gas in the bladder wall. On occasion this may give rise to secondary subcutaneous emphysema which has a poor prognosis.Pneumoparotitis is the presence of air in the parotid gland caused by raised air pressure in the mouth often as a result of playing wind instruments. In rare cases air may escape from the gland and give rise to subcutaneous emphysema in the face, neck, or mediastinum. Terminology
The term pneumatosis has word roots of pneumat- + -osis, meaning "air problem/injury". References


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Developmental regression is when a child who has reached a certain developmental stage begins to lose previously acquired milestones. It differs from developmental delay in that a child experiencing developmental delay is either not reaching developmental milestones or not progressing to new developmental milestones, while a child experiencing developmental regression will lose milestones and skills after acquiring them. Developmental regression is associated with diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, Rett syndrome, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, and neuro-degenerative diseases. The loss of motor, language, and social skills can be treated with occupational therapy, physical therapy, and speech therapy. Associated Diagnoses
Developmental regression is typically a symptom of neurological disorder. Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder in which a childs communication and social skills are affected. Children with autism spectrum disorder can experience a loss of their previously acquired language and social skills. This is often reported by the childs parents. Children can experience loss of vocabulary and language understanding, as well as no longer make eye contact or play social and imitative games when they previously had. They can also experience a loss of motor and basic skills like toileting or feeding themselves. In autism spectrum disorder, this regression occurs in the first few years of development. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD) is a developmental disorder in which children experience a regression of social language, and motor functioning skills. CDD was merged with autism spectrum disorder in the DSM-V in 2013.