Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is any type of epithelial lung cancer other than small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). NSCLC accounts for about 85% of all lung cancers. As a class, NSCLCs are relatively insensitive to chemotherapy, compared to small-cell carcinoma. When possible, they are primarily treated by surgical resection with curative intent, although chemotherapy has been used increasingly both preoperatively (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) and postoperatively (adjuvant chemotherapy). Types
The most common types of NSCLC are squamous-cell carcinoma, large-cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma, but several other types occur less frequently. A few of the less common types are pleomorphic, carcinoid tumor, salivary gland carcinoma, and unclassified carcinoma. All types can occur in unusual histologic variants and as mixed cell-type combinations. Nonsquamous-cell carcinoma almost occupies the half of NSCLC. In the tissue classification, the central type contains about one-ninth.Sometimes, the phrase "not otherwise specified" (NOS) is used generically, usually when a more specific diagnosis cannot be made. This is most often the case when a pathologist examines a small number of malignant cells or tissue in a cytology or biopsy specimen.Lung cancer in people who have never smoked is almost universally NSCLC, with a sizeable majority being adenocarcinoma.On relatively rare occasions, malignant lung tumors are found to contain components of both SCLC and NSCLC. In these cases, the tumors are classified as combined small-cell lung carcinoma (c-SCLC), and are (usually) treated as "pure" SCLC. Lung adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma of the lung is currently the most common type of lung cancer in "never smokers" (lifelong nonsmokers). Adenocarcinomas account for about 40% of lung cancers.
Platybasia is a spinal disease of a malformed relationship between the occipital bone and cervical spine. It may be caused by Pagets disease. Platybasia is also a feature of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, commonly known as basal cell nevus syndrome. It may be developmental in origin or due to softening of the skull base bone, allowing it to be pushed upward. The developmental variant is the result of a wider angle between the skull base of the frontal or anterior fossa and the clivus, which defines the anterior wall of the posterior fossa. It is sometimes associated with other congenital abnormalities of the bone structure, such as fusion of the first cervical vertebrae to the skull atlas assimilation. Further reading
Pearce JM (2007). "Platybasia and basilar invagination". Eur. Neurol. 58 (1): 62–4. doi:10.1159/000102172. PMID 17483591. == External links ==