A clinical jaundice scale, an adapted version of the Kramers scale, is used to quantify the severity of jaundice through the spread of skin discoloration from zone 1, the head, to zone 5, the palms and soles of the neonates body. Cephalocaudal progression of jaundice to zone 4 and 5 of the Kramers scale shows a significant positive correlation with serum bilirubin concentration of at least 11.0 mg per 100 ml, indicating the need for treatment. Jaundice Eye Colour Index (JECI)
Conjunctival icterus can be quantified by the Jaundice Eye Colour Index (JECI) through digital photography of the sclera, where a JECI of 0 indicates a white colour, and a JECI of 0.1 indicates an intense yellow colour, which is a sign of hemolytic jaundice. Screening laboratory tests
Multiple tests can be used to diagnose jaundice, but results of different parameters must be compared to determine its etiology. When a patient shows signs of jaundice such as the yellowing of the skin and sclera, a urine test is performed to check the levels of urobilinogen present. The presence of urobilinogen and its increased levels indicate that there are more than normal amounts of bilirubin in the intestine, showing that jaundice observed is not due to the blockage of bile flow, and is of pre-hepatic or hepatic causes. Normal colour of the patients urine indicates the absence of unconjugated bilirubin.Results from the urine test should be confirmed by a complete blood count (CBC) and serum testing for total serum bilirubin and fractionated bilirubin.
The paroophoron (of Johnson) consists of a few scattered rudimentary tubules, best seen in the child, situated in the broad ligament between the epoöphoron and the uterus. Named for the Welsh anatomist David Johnson who originally described the structure at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. It is a remnant of the mesonephric tubules. See also
Epoophoron

References
External links
figures/chapter_35/35-8.HTM: Basic Human Anatomy at Dartmouth Medical School
Swiss embryology (from UL, UB, and UF) ugenital/genitinterne05