Efficacy
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that clinical trials found the following levels of protection against Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B one month after each dose:
A: 93.8%, 98.8%, 99.9%
B: 30.8%, 78.2%, 98.5%GlaxoSmithKline claims that its studies found 70% of subjects had antibodies against hepatitis B a month after just the first dose, however.Twinrix should not be used for postexposure prophylaxis, because no data are available on the efficacy of combination vaccine for prophylaxis after exposure to HAV. Availability
Twinrix is a brand manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals. The full generic name is hepatitis A inactivated & hepatitis B (recombinant) vaccine. Twinrix is administered over three doses. The name was created because it is a mixture of two earlier vaccines — Havrix, an inactivated-virus Hepatitis A vaccine, and Engerix-B, a recombinant Hepatitis B vaccine. Twinrix first entered the market in early 1997.In the United States, Twinrix is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for those aged 18 and older. In some countries outside the United States, notably Canada and in the European Union, Twinrix is known as Twinrix Adult or Ambirix and a pediatric formulation, called Twinrix Junior or Twinrix Paediatric, is available. Society and culture
Economics
By being a combination it may reduce administrative costs and achieve a better uptake of the vaccine. Names
Brand names include Twinrix, Twinrix Junior, Twinrix paediatric, Ambirix, and Bilive. References
External links
"Twinrix". Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 3 October 2019.
Cebocephaly (from Greek kebos, "monkey" + kephale, "head") is a developmental anomaly that is part of a group of defects called holoprosencephaly. Cebocephaly involves the presence of two separate eyes set close together and a small, flat nose with a single nostril (no nasal septum). It may be diagnosed before or after birth. It has a very poor prognosis, with most affected infants dying soon after birth. It is very rare, having been estimated to affect around 1 in 40,000 deliveries. Signs and symptoms
Cebocephaly causes:

two separate eyes set close together
a small, flat nose with a single nostril
ear abnormalities
mouth abnormalities (such as microstomia)The presence of a nasal septum precludes a diagnosis of cebocephaly. Cebocephaly may cause malformations of the sphenoid and ethmoid bones behind the orbit. Cause
Cebocephaly can be caused by many factors, particularly genetic variations. These include 18p-, 14q deletion, 13q deletion, and some vertically transmitted infections. It is part of a group of defects called holoprosencephaly. Diagnosis
Before birth, cebocephaly may sometimes be diagnosed using ultrasound. After birth, cebocephaly is diagnosed based on the characteristic symptoms. A CT scan may be used to confirm the diagnosis. Prognosis
Most infants born with cebocephaly die soon after birth. Epidemiology
Cebocephaly is very uncommon. Some estimates of its prevalence include 1 in 40,000 neonatal deliveries. History
The word "cebocephaly" is derived from Greek kebos (monkey), and kephale (head). See also
Cephalic disorder


== References ==