Dipyridamole (trademarked as Persantine and others) is a nucleoside transport inhibitor and a PDE3 inhibitor medication that inhibits blood clot formation when given chronically and causes blood vessel dilation when given at high doses over a short time. Medical uses
Dipyridamole is used to dilate blood vessels in people with peripheral arterial disease and coronary artery disease
Dipyridamole has been shown to lower pulmonary hypertension without significant drop of systemic blood pressure
It inhibits formation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (MCP-1, MMP-9) in vitro and results in reduction of hsCRP in patients. It inhibits proliferation of smooth muscle cells in vivo and modestly increases unassisted patency of synthetic arteriovenous hemodialysis grafts. It increases the release of tissue plasminogen activator from brain microvascular endothelial cells. It results in an increase of 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid and decrease of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in the subendothelial matrix and reduced thrombogenicity of the subendothelial matrix. Pretreatment it reduced reperfusion injury in volunteers. It has been shown to increase myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. It results in a reduction of the number of thrombin and PECAM-1 receptors on platelets in stroke patients. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate impairs platelet aggregation and also causes arteriolar smooth muscle relaxation. Chronic therapy did not show significant drop of systemic blood pressure. It inhibits the replication of mengovirus RNA. It can be used for myocardial stress testing as an alternative to exercise-induced stress methods such as treadmills.
Arthropods
The bites of arthropods have some of the most serious health consequences known. Mosquito bites transmit serious disease and result in millions of deaths and illnesses in the world. Ticks also transmit many diseases such as Lyme disease. Spider bite
Insect bites and stings
Flea bites are responsible for the transmission of plague. Mosquito bites are responsible for the transmission of dengue fever and malaria. Leech bite

Mechanism
Trauma
A natural consequence of a bite is tissue trauma at the site. Trauma may consist of scratching, tearing, punture or laceration of the skin, hematoma (bruising), embedding of foreign objects, for example a tooth or hair, damage to or severing of underlying structures such as connective tissue or muscle, amputations, and the ripping off of skin and hair. If major blood vessels are damaged, severe blood loss can occur. Infection
Pathogen organisms can be introduced into the bite. Some of the pathogens can originate from the mouth of the biter, the substrate onto which the injured person or animal can fall or from the naturally occurring microorganisms that are present on the skin or hair of the animal. The advent of antibiotics improved the outcome of bite wound infections. Rabies
Animal bites where skin has been penetrated, most commonly by dogs and bats, transmit rabies to humans. Rabies from other animals is rare. If the animal is caught alive or dead with its head preserved, the head can be analyzed to detect the disease. Signs of rabies include foaming at the mouth, growling, self-mutilation, jerky behavior, red eyes, and hydrophobia.