Duarte galactosemia is a milder form of classical galactosemia and usually has no long term side effects. Types
Galactose is converted into glucose by the action of three enzymes, known as the Leloir pathway. There are diseases associated with deficiencies of each of these three enzymes:

Treatment
The only treatment for classic galactosemia is eliminating lactose and galactose from the diet (e.g. exclusion of dairy products containing lactose).Lactose restricted diet is efficient in resolving acute complications, however, it is not sufficient to prevent long-term complications affecting the brain and female gonads. Some individuals may experience long-term complications such as speech difficulties, learning disabilities, neurological impairment (e.g. tremors, etc. ), and ovarian failure.Symptoms that have not been associated with Duarte galactosemia, and many individuals with Duarte galactosemia do not need to restrict their diet at all. However, research corroborates a previously overlooked theory that Duarte galactosemia may lead to language developmental issues in children with no clinical symptoms. Infants with classic galactosemia cannot be breast-fed due to lactose in human breast milk which consists of both galactose and glucose and are usually fed a soy-based formula.Galactosemia is sometimes confused with lactose intolerance, but galactosemia is a more serious condition. Lactose intolerant individuals have an acquired or inherited shortage of the enzyme lactase, and experience abdominal pains after ingesting dairy products, but no long-term effects. In contrast, a galactosemic individual who consumes galactose can cause permanent damage to their bodies.Long term complication of galactosemia includes:

Speech deficits
Ataxia
Dysmetria
Diminished bone density
Premature ovarian failure
Cataract

See also
Galactosemic cataract
Other Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism

References


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Differential diagnosis
Traditionally causes of trismus are divided into intra-articular (factors within the temporomandibular joint [TMJ]) and extra-articular (factors outside the joint, see table). Joint problems
Ankylosis
True bony ankylosis: can result from trauma to chin, infections and from prolonged immobilization following condylar fracture
Treatment – several surgical procedures are used to treat bony ankylosis, e.g. : Gap arthroplasty using interpositional materials between the cut segments. Fibrous ankylosis: usually results due to trauma and infection
Treatment – trismus appliances in conjunction with physical therapy. Arthritis synovitis
Meniscus pathology
Extra-articular causes
Infection
Odontogenic- Pulpal
Periodontal
Pericoronal
Non-odontogenic- Peritonsillar abscess
Tetanus
Meningitis
Brain abscess
Parotid abscess
The hallmark of a masticatory space infection is trismus or infection in anterior compartment of lateral pharyngeal space results in trismus. If these infections are unchecked, can spread to various facial spaces of the head and neck and lead to serious complications such as cervical cellulitis or mediastinitis. Treatment: Elimination of etiologic agent along with antibiotic coverage
Trismus or lock jaw due to masseter muscle spasm, can be a primary presenting symptom in tetanus, Caused by Clostridium tetani, where tetanospasmin (toxin) is responsible for muscle spasms. Prevention: primary immunization (DPT)

Dental treatment
Dental trismus is characterized by a difficulty in opening the jaw. It is a temporary condition with a duration usually not longer than two weeks. Dental trismus results from some sort of insult to the muscles of mastication, such as opening the jaw for a period of time or having a needle pass through a muscle. Typical dental anesthesia to the lower jaw often involves the needle passing into or through a muscle.