Hyphema is a condition that occurs when blood enters the front (anterior) chamber of the eye between the iris and the cornea. People usually first notice a loss of vision or decrease in vision. The eye may also appear to have a reddish tinge, or it may appear as a small pool of blood at the bottom of the iris or in the cornea. A traumatic hyphema is caused by a hit to the eye from a projected object or a blow to the eye. A hyphema can also occur spontaneously. Presentation
A decrease in vision or a loss of vision is often the first sign of a hyphema. People with microhyphema may have slightly blurred or normal vision. A person with a full hyphema may not be able to see at all (complete loss of vision). The persons vision may improve over time as the blood moves by gravity lower in the anterior chamber of the eye, between the iris and the cornea. In many people, the vision will improve, however some people may have other injuries related to trauma to the eye or complications related to the hyphema. A microhyphema, where red blood cells are hanging in the anterior chamber of the eye, is less severe. A layered hyphema when fresh blood is seen lower in the anterior chamber is moderately severe. A full hyphema (total hyphema), when blood fills up the chamber completely, is the most severe. Complications
While the vast majority of hyphemas resolve on their own without issue, sometimes complications occur.
A placental site nodule (PSN) is benign remnant from a previous pregnancy. Presentation
They are typically asymptomatic and found incidentally. Pathology
PSNs are intermediate trophoblastic remnants. Diagnosis
PSN are diagnosed by examining the tissue under a microscope, usually obtained with a dilation and curettage. Typically, they consist of pink (hyaline) material using the standard stain and contain few cells. Bizarre multinucleated cells may be present; however, there is no mitotic activity. The differential diagnosis includes (cervical) squamous cell carcinoma, gestational trophoblastic disease, and exaggerated placental site. Prognosis
PSN are benign. Once removed, they do not require any treatment and do not recur. See also
Gestational trophoblastic disease
Placental site trophoblastic tumour

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