RAPADILINO syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by:
RA: radial ray defect
PA: patellar aplasia, arched or cleft palate
DI: diarrhea, dislocated joints
LI: little (short stature), limb malformation
NO: slender nose, normal intelligenceIt is more prevalent in Finland than elsewhere in the world. It has been associated with the gene RECQL4. This is also associated with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome and Baller-Gerold syndrome. References
External links

GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Baller-Gerold Syndrome
Glomerular disease comprises a diverse group and is classified into:Primary glomerular disease such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and IgA nephropathy (or nephritis)
Secondary glomerular disease such as diabetic nephropathy and lupus nephritis
Tubulointerstitial disease includes drug- and toxin-induced chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, and reflux nephropathy
Obstructive nephropathy, as exemplified by bilateral kidney stones and benign prostatic hyperplasia of the prostate gland; rarely, pinworms infecting the kidney can cause obstructive nephropathy. Other
Genetic congenital disease such as polycystic kidney disease or 17q12 microdeletion syndrome. Mesoamerican nephropathy, is "a new form of kidney disease that could be called agricultural nephropathy". A high and so-far unexplained number of new cases of CKD, referred to as the Mesoamerican nephropathy, has been noted among male workers in Central America, mainly in sugarcane fields in the lowlands of El Salvador and Nicaragua. Heat stress from long hours of piece-rate work at high average temperatures of about 36 °C (96 °F) is suspected, as are agricultural chemicals

Diagnosis
Diagnosis of CKD is largely based on history, examination, and urine dipstick combined with the measurement of the serum creatinine level (see above). Differentiating CKD from acute kidney injury (AKI) is important because AKI can be reversible. One diagnostic clue that helps differentiate CKD from AKI is a gradual rise in serum creatinine (over several months or years) as opposed to a sudden increase in the serum creatinine (several days to weeks). In many people with CKD, previous kidney disease or other underlying diseases are already known. A significant number present with CKD of unknown cause.