This sSMC may be small, large, or ring-shaped, and typically includes 2 Mb, i.e. 2 million DNA base pairs, termed the CES critical region, located on its q arm(s) between its band 11 and terminus (area notated as 22pter→q11)(also see small supernumerary marker chromosomes in cat eye syndrome). This area contains the CECR1, SLC25A18, and ATP6V1E1 genes which are strong candidate genes for causing or promoting at least some of the birth defects in CES. Diagnosis
History
The abnormalities common to CES were first cataloged in 1899, and described in association with a small marker chromosome in 1965. Early reports of CES discuss the possibility of chromosome 13 involvement. Now, CES is considered to be present with the chromosome 22 trisomy findings. See also
Trisomy 22

References


== External links ==
Individuals high on the absorption subscale, which measures a subjects experiences of concentration to the exclusion of awareness of other events, showed weaker cortisol responses.In general infantry and special forces soldiers, measures of depersonalization and derealization increased significantly after training that includes experiences of uncontrollable stress, semi-starvation, sleep deprivation, as well as lack of control over hygiene, movement, communications, and social interactions. Pharmacological and situational causes
Depersonalization has been described by some as a desirable state, particularly by those that have experienced it under the influence of mood-altering recreational drugs. It is an effect of dissociatives and psychedelics, as well as a possible side effect of caffeine, alcohol, amphetamine, cannabis, and antidepressants. It is a classic withdrawal symptom from many drugs.Benzodiazepine dependence, which can occur with long-term use of benzodiazepines, can induce chronic depersonalization symptomatology and perceptual disturbances in some people, even in those who are taking a stable daily dosage, and it can also become a protracted feature of the benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome.Lieutenant Colonel Dave Grossman, in his book On Killing, suggests that military training artificially creates depersonalization in soldiers, suppressing empathy and making it easier for them to kill other human beings.Graham Reed (1974) claimed that depersonalization occurs in relation to the experience of falling in love. Depersonalization as a psychobiological mechanism
Depersonalization is a classic response to acute trauma, and may be highly prevalent in individuals involved in different traumatic situations including motor vehicle accident, and imprisonment.Psychologically depersonalization can, just like dissociation in general, be considered a type of coping mechanism.