The syndrome is associated with malfunction of serine-threonine kinase 11 or STK 11 gene, and has a 2% to 10% increase in risk of developing cancer of the intestinal tract. The syndrome also causes increased risk of extraintestinal cancer such as that involving breast, ovary, cervix, fallopian tubes, thyroid, lung, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, and testicles. The polyps often bleeds and may cause obstruction that would require surgery. Any polyps larger than 1.5 cm needs removal and patients should be monitored closely and screen every 2 years for malignancy. Juvenile polyposis syndrome
Juvenile polyposis syndrome is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by increased risk of cancer of intestinal tract and extraintestinal cancer. It often presents with bleeding and obstruction of the intestinal tract along with low serum albumin due to protein loss in the intestine. The syndrome is linked to malfunction of SMAD4 a tumor suppression gene that is seen in 50% of cases. Individuals with multiple juvenile polyps have at least 10% chance of developing malignancy and should undergo abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis, and close monitoring via endoscopy of rectum. For individuals with few juvenile polyps, patients should undergo endoscopic polypectomy. Types
Colorectal polyps can broadly be classified as follows:

hyperplastic,
neoplastic (adenomatous & malignant),
hamartomatous and,
inflammatory. Comparison table
Hyperplastic polyp
Most hyperplastic polyps are found in the distal colon and rectum. They have no malignant potential, which means that they are no more likely than normal tissue to eventually become a cancer. Neoplastic polyp
A neoplasm is a tissue whose cells have lost normal differentiation.
No results were posted.More recent research has focused on different ways to supply the patient with Vitamin E. In 2018, the Journal of Lipid Research posted a study testing alternative forms of Vitamin E absorption. Currently, Vitamin E is most often supplemented in the fat-soluble form vitamin E acetate. Due to fat malabsorption, the intended supplementation is considerable compromised. Two different forms were tested: vitamin E tocofersolan and α-tocopherol acetate. The study concluded that plasma bioavailabilities were extremely low (2.8% and 3.1%, respectively. Additionally, plasma concentrations of tocopherol were not significantly different in patients.This study provides new insight in vitamin E supplementation and suggest further research is needed with different forms of Vitamin E as possible treatment options to abetalipoproteinemia.Currently, there is a clinical study recruiting abetalipoproteinemia patients to study inherited retinal degenerative disease. References
External links
Abetalipoproteinemia at NLM Genetics Home Reference