Eumycetoma, also known as Madura foot, is a persistent fungal infection of the skin and the tissues just under the skin, affecting most commonly the feet, although it can occur in hands and other body parts. It starts as a painless wet nodule, which may be present for years before ulceration, swelling, grainy discharge and weeping from sinuses and fistulae, followed by bone deformity.Several fungi can cause eumycetoma, including: Madurella mycetomatis, Madurella grisea, Leptosphaeria senegalensis, Curvularia lunata, Scedosporium apiospermum, Neotestudina rosatii, and Acremonium and Fusarium species. Diagnosis is by biopsy, visualising the fungi under the microscope and culture. Medical imaging may reveal extent of bone involvement. Other tests include ELISA, immunodiffusion, and DNA Barcoding.Treatment includes surgical removal of affected tissue and antifungal medicines. After treatment, recurrence is common. Sometimes, amputation is required.The infection occurs generally in the tropics, and is endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa, especially Sudan, India, parts of South America and Mexico. Few cases have been reported across North African. Mycetoma is probably low-endemic to Egypt with predilection for eumycetoma. In 2016, the World Health Organization recognised eumycetoma as a neglected tropical disease. Signs and symptoms
The initial lesion is a small swelling under the skin following minor trauma. It appears as a painless wet nodule, which may be present for years before ulceration, swelling and weeping from sinuses, followed by bone deformity. The sinuses discharge a grainy liquid of fungal colonies. These grains are usually black or white.
In surgical pathology, strawberry gallbladder, more formally cholesterolosis of the gallbladder and gallbladder cholesterolosis, is a change in the gallbladder wall due to excess cholesterol.The name strawberry gallbladder comes from the typically stippled appearance of the mucosal surface on gross examination, which resembles a strawberry. Cholesterolosis results from abnormal deposits of cholesterol esters in macrophages within the lamina propria (foam cells) and in mucosal epithelium. The gallbladder may be affected in a patchy localized form or in a diffuse form. The diffuse form macroscopically appears as a bright red mucosa with yellow mottling (due to lipid), hence the term strawberry gallbladder. It is not tied to cholelithiasis (gallstones) or cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder). Additional images
See also
Cholecystectomy
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses

References
Further reading
Izzo L, Boschetto A, Brachini G,  et al. (2001). "["Strawberry" gallbladder: review of the literature and our experience]". Il Giornale di Chirurgia (in Italian). 22 (1–2): 33–6. PMID 11272434. == External links ==