It is a tridecavalent vaccine and thus contains thirteen serotypes of pneumococcus (1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, and 23F). These serotype sugars are conjugated to diphtheria carrier protein because this makes the antigenic and protective effect stronger (in most cases). Prevnar 13 was approved for use in the European Union in December 2009. In February 2010, Prevnar 13 was approved in the United States to replace Prevnar, the pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV7). After waiting for the outcome of a trial underway in the Netherlands, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended the vaccine for adults over age 65 in August 2014.Prevnar (PCV7) was a heptavalent vaccine, meaning that it contains the cell capsule sugars of seven serotypes of the bacteria S. pneumoniae (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F) conjugated with diphtheria proteins. It was manufactured by Wyeth (which was acquired by Pfizer). Prevnar (PCV7) was approved for use in the United States in February 2000, and vaccination with Prevnar was recommended for all children younger than two years and for unvaccinated children between 24 and 59 months old who were at high risk for pneumococcal infections.Prevnar was produced from the seven most prevalent strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria in the U.S. The bacterial capsule sugars, a characteristic of these pathogens, are linked (conjugated) to CRM197, a nontoxic recombinant variant of diphtheria toxin (from cultures of Corynebacterium diphtheriae). This produces a more robust immune response (in most healthy persons).
Lisocabtagene maraleucel, sold under the brand name Breyanzi, is a cell-based gene therapy used to treat large B-cell lymphoma.Side effects include hypersensitivity reactions, serious infections, low blood cell counts, and a weakened immune system. The most common side effects include decreases in neutrophils (a type of white blood cell that fights infections), in red blood cells or in blood platelets (components that help the blood to clot), as well as cytokine release syndrome (a potentially life-threatening condition that can cause fever, vomiting, shortness of breath, pain and low blood pressure) and tiredness.Lisocabtagene maraleucel, a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell (CAR-T) therapy, is the third gene therapy approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for certain types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Lisocabtagene maraleucel was approved for medical use in the United States in February 2021.