Sleisenger and Fordtrans Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease . 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2010:chap 32. National Cancer Institute. Islet cell tumors (pancreatic) treatment PDQ. Updated October 31, 2008. == External links ==
Several guidelines, including those from the American College of Chest Physicians, recommend prothrombin complex concentrate for warfarin reversal in people with serious bleeding.For rapid anticoagulation reversal for surgery, four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate reduces international normalized ratio (INR) and decreases bleeding during surgery when compared with administration of fresh frozen plasma. No differences in thromboembolic event was found. Contraindications
The package insert states that prothrombin complex concentrate is contraindicated in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation, a pathological activation of coagulation, because giving clotting factors would only further fuel this process. However, if the PCC is given because factor levels are low, it can restore normal coagulation. As PCC products contain heparin, they are contraindicated in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Chemistry
Prothrombin complex concentrate contains a number of blood clotting factors. Typically this includes factor II, IX, and X. Some versions also contain factor VII, protein C, and protein S. Heparin may be added to stop early activation of the factors. History
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced its approval in 2013. The FDA approved Kcentras orphan drug status in December 2012. References
Further reading
External links
"Prothrombin complex concentrate". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.