Chemical synthesis
A chemical synthesis of captopril by treatment of L-proline with (2S)-3-acetylthio-2-methylpropanoyl chloride under basic conditions (NaOH), followed by aminolysis of the protective acetyl group to unmask the drugs free thiol, is depicted in the figure at right. Procedure 2 taken out of patent US4105776. See examples 28, 29a and 36. Mechanism of action
Captopril blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and prevents the degradation of vasodilatory prostaglandins, thereby inhibiting vasoconstriction and promoting systemic vasodilation. Pharmacokinetics
Unlike the majority of ACE inhibitors, captopril is not administered as a prodrug (the only other being lisinopril). About 70% of orally administered captopril is absorbed. Bioavailability is reduced by presence of food in stomach. It is partly metabolised and partly excreted unchanged in urine. Captopril also has a relatively poor pharmacokinetic profile. The short half-life necessitates dosing two or three times per day, which may reduce patient compliance. Captopril has a short half-life of 2–3 hours and a duration of action of 12–24 hours. See also
Captopril challenge test
Captopril suppression test

References
External links
"Captopril". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. U.S. Patent 4,046,889 Archived 2019-05-18 at the Wayback Machine
Epidemiology
While cancer is generally considered a disease of old age, children can also develop cancer. In contrast to adults, carcinomas are exceptionally rare in children. Less than 1% of carcinoma diagnoses are in children.The two biggest risk factors for ovarian carcinoma are age and family history. References


== External links ==