Daunorubicin, also known as daunomycin, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. Specifically it is used for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and Kaposis sarcoma. It is administeted by injection into a vein. A liposomal formulation known as liposomal daunorubicin also exists.Common side effects include hair loss, vomiting, bone marrow suppression, and inflammation of the inside of the mouth. Other severe side effects include heart disease and tissue death at the site of injection. Use in pregnancy may harm the fetus. Daunorubicin is in the anthracycline family of medication. It works in part by blocking the function of topoisomerase II.Daunorubicin was approved for medical use in the United States in 1979. It is on the World Health Organizations List of Essential Medicines. It was originally isolated from bacteria of the Streptomyces type. Medical uses
It slows or stops the growth of cancer cells in the body. Treatment is usually performed together with other chemotherapy drugs (such as cytarabine), and its administration depends on the type of tumor and the degree of response. In addition to its major use in treating AML, daunorubicin is also used to treat neuroblastoma. Daunorubicin has been used with other chemotherapy agents to treat the blastic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Daunorubicin is also used as the starting material for semi-synthetic manufacturing of doxorubicin, epirubicin and idarubicin. Mechanism of action
Similar to doxorubicin, daunorubicin interacts with DNA by intercalation and inhibition of macromolecular biosynthesis.
Atenolol/chlorthalidone, also known as co-tenidone, is a combination medication used to treat high blood pressure. It is made up of atenolol, a beta-blocker and chlortalidone, a diuretic. It is not recommended as an initial treatment but may be used in those who are taking atenolol and chlortalidone individually. It is taken by mouth.Common side effects include gastrointestinal upset and gout. Serious side effects may include liver problems, pancreatitis, and psychosis. Use is not recommended during pregnancy. Use during breastfeeding may harm the baby. Atenolol works by blocking β1-adrenergic receptors in the heart, thus decreasing the heart rate and workload. Chlorthalidone works by increasing the amount of sodium lost by the kidneys.The combination was approved for medical use in the United States in 1984. It is available as a generic medication. In 2017, it was the 295th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than one million prescriptions. References
External links
"Atenolol mixture with chlorthalidone". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.