Dystonia is a neurological hyperkinetic movement disorder  in which sustained or repetitive muscle contractions result in twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal fixed postures. The movements may resemble a tremor. Dystonia is often intensified or exacerbated by physical activity, and symptoms may progress into adjacent muscles.The disorder may be hereditary or caused by other factors such as birth-related or other physical trauma, infection, poisoning (e.g., lead poisoning) or reaction to pharmaceutical drugs, particularly neuroleptics, or stress. Treatment must be highly customized to the needs of the individual and may include oral medications, chemodenervation botulinum neurotoxin injections, physical therapy, or other supportive therapies, and surgical procedures such as deep brain stimulation. Classification
There are multiple types of dystonia, and many diseases and conditions may cause dystonia. Dystonia is classified by:

Clinical characteristics such as age of onset, body distribution, nature of the symptoms, and associated features such as additional movement disorders or neurological symptoms, and
Cause (which includes changes or damage to the nervous system and inheritance).Physicians use these classifications to guide diagnosis and treatment. Types
Generalized
Focal
Segmental
Psychogenic
Acute dystonic reaction
Vegetative-vascular

Generalized dystonias
For example, dystonia musculorum deformans (Oppenheim, Flatau-Sterling syndrome):

Normal birth history and milestones
Autosomal dominant
Childhood onset
Starts in lower limbs and spreads upwardsAlso known as torsion dystonia or idiopathic torsion dystonia (old terminology "dystonia musculorum deformans"). Focal dystonias
These most common dystonias are typically classified as follows:

The combination of blepharospasmodic contractions and oromandibular dystonia is called cranial dystonia or Meiges syndrome. Segmental dystonias
Segmental dystonias affect two adjoining parts of the body:
Hemidystonia affects an arm and foot on one side of the body.
However other focal dystonias may not respond and may even be made worse by this treatment.Due to the rare and variable nature of dystonia, research investigating the effectiveness of these treatments is limited. There is no gold standard for physiotherapy rehabilitation. To date, focal cervical dystonia has received the most research attention; however, study designs are poorly controlled and limited to small sample sizes. Medication
Different medications are tried in an effort to find a combination that is effective for a specific person. Not all people respond well to the same medications. Medications that have had positive results in some include: anticholinergics (such as diphenhydramine, benzatropine, atropine), dopamine agonists (such as ropinirole and bromocriptine), and muscle relaxants (such as diazepam). AnticholinergicsMedications such as anticholinergics (benztropine), which act as inhibitors of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, may provide some relief. In the case of an acute dystonic reaction, diphenhydramine is sometimes used (though this drug is well known as an antihistamine, in this context it is being used primarily for its anticholinergic role).. See also Procyclidine. Another which in many has shown total control of symptoms, alone or taken with other medications,often clonazepam, is gabapentin. Noting, some are generic sensitive, as with other medications, and either have to sample test each one for a successful result, or take the original version. BaclofenA baclofen pump has been used to treat patients of all ages exhibiting muscle spasticity along with dystonia. The pump delivers baclofen via a catheter to the thecal space surrounding the spinal cord.