Medical uses
Prednisolone is a corticosteroid drug with predominant glucocorticoid and low mineralocorticoid activity, making it useful for the treatment of a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions such as asthma, uveitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, rheumatoid arthritis, urticaria, angioedema, ulcerative colitis, pericarditis, temporal arteritis and Crohns disease, Bells palsy, multiple sclerosis, cluster headaches, vasculitis, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and autoimmune hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Kawasaki disease, dermatomyositis, and sarcoidosis.Prednisolone acetate ophthalmic suspension (eye drops) is an adrenocortical steroid product, prepared as a sterile ophthalmic suspension and used to reduce swelling, redness, itching, and allergic reactions affecting the eye. It has been explored as a treatment option for bacterial keratitis.Prednisolone can also be used for allergic reactions ranging from seasonal allergies to drug allergic reactions.Prednisolone can also be used as an immunosuppressive drug for organ transplants.Prednisolone in lower doses can be used in cases of primary adrenal insufficiency (Addisons disease).Corticosteroids inhibit the inflammatory response to a variety of inciting agents and, it is presumed, delay or slow healing. They inhibit the edema, fibrin deposition, capillary dilation, leukocyte migration, capillary proliferation, fibroblast proliferation, deposition of collagen, and scar formation with inflammation.
Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is an uncommon variant of squamous cell carcinoma. This form of cancer is often seen in those who chew tobacco or use snuff orally, so much so that it is sometimes referred to as "Snuff dippers cancer". Signs and symptoms
Age – usually over 60 years old
Sex – males are more prone
Site – gingiva, buccal mucosa, alveolar mucosa, hard palate, floor of the mouth, larynx, oesophagus, penis, vagina, scrotum. Clinical presentation:
It is a slow growing, diffuse, exophytic lesion usually covered by leukoplakic patches. Invasive lesions quickly invade bones. It can rapidly become fixed with underlying periosteum and cause gradual destruction of jaw bone. Enlarged regional lymph nodes. Lesion shows painful multiple rugae-like folds and deep clefts between them. Regional lymph nodes tender and enlarged. Pain and difficulty in mastication. Cause
This form of cancer is often seen in those who chew tobacco or use snuff orally, so much so that it is sometimes referred to as "Snuff dippers cancer". Chewing betel nuts is an additional risk factor commonly seen in Taiwan. Risk factors
The major risk factors are cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, while betel nut is an additional factor in Taiwan. Different gene mutation sites in head and neck cancer between western countries and Taiwan have been reported.The presentation of VC originated from exposure to different carcinogens may not be the same. Locations
Verrucous carcinoma may occur in various head and neck locations, as well as in the genitalia or sole of the foot. The oral cavity is the most common site of this tumor.