Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema, also known as palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia or hand-foot syndrome is reddening, swelling, numbness and desquamation (skin sloughing or peeling) on palms of the hands and soles of the feet (and, occasionally, on the knees, elbows, and elsewhere) that can occur after chemotherapy in patients with cancer. Hand-foot syndrome is also rarely seen in sickle-cell disease. These skin changes usually are well demarcated. Acral erythema typically disappears within a few weeks after discontinuation of the offending drug. Signs and symptoms
The symptoms can occur anywhere between days to months after administration of the offending medication, depending on the dose and speed of administration. The patient first experiences tingling and/or numbness of the palms and soles. This is followed 2-4 days later by bright redness, which is symmetrical and sharply defined.In severe cases this may be followed by burning pain and swelling, blistering and ulceration, peeling of the skin. Healing occurs without scarring unless there has been skin ulceration or necrosis (skin loss/death). With each subsequent cycle of chemotherapy, the reaction will appear more quickly, be more severe and will take longer to heal. Causes
Acral erythema is a common adverse reaction to cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, particularly cabozantinib, cytarabine, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil and its prodrug capecitabine.Targeted cancer therapies, especially the tyrosine kinase inhibitors sorafenib and sunitinib, have also been associated with a high incidence of acral erythema. However, acral erythema due to tyrosine kinase inhibitors seems to differ somewhat from acral erythema due to classic chemotherapy drugs. Pathogenesis
The cause of Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) is unknown.
Pagetoid reticulosis (also known as "acral mycoses fungoides", "localized epidermotropic reticulosis", "mycosis fungoides palmaris et plantaris", "unilesional mycosis fungoides", and "Woringer–Kolopp disease") is a cutaneous condition, an uncommon lymphoproliferative disorder, sometimes considered a form of mycosis fungoides. : 734

Symptoms and Signs
Lesions emerge as well-demarcated psoriasiform or hyperkeratotic patches and plaques, with a central clearing and an elevated border. Pagetoid reticulosis is a very slow progressive variant of mycosis fungoides and is usually localized unlike the latter. Treatment
The most common method of treatment includes radiotherapy and/or surgical excision. See also
Pagetoid
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
List of cutaneous conditions

References


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