Classification
Sunlight has been documented to trigger numerous skin conditions and the confusing terminology and categorisation previously has made the correct diagnosis and subsequent treatment difficult.Variants of PLE have been described:
Juvenile spring eruption is a cutaneous condition that affects the helices of the ears, particularly in boys, because their ears are relatively more exposed to sunlight. Benign summer light eruption is a cutaneous condition, and a name used in continental Europe, particularly France, to describe a clinically short-lived, itchy, papular eruption particularly affecting young women after several hours of sunbathing at the beginning of summer or on sunny vacations. Actinic Prurigo is a hereditary form of PLE occurring typically in Native Americans. Treatment
Management entails regulating triggers whilst simultaneously inducing "hardening"; that is, steadily increasing exposure to sunlight, as light sensitivity is reduced with repeated sun exposureCovering up with densely woven clothing has also been shown to help, in addition to applying a broad-spectrum, water-resistant semi-opaque sun protection factor (SPF) 50+ sunblock cream before sun exposure and then every two hours thereafter confers some protection.The application of topical corticosteroids may lessen the redness and itch, and for preventing predictable holiday flare-ups, short courses of oral corticosteroids are sometimes considered.Another treatment option is a supervised course of low dose phototherapy, usually undertaken in winter. If resistant, the administration of hydroxychloroquine in early spring is sometimes considered.As sun exposure is avoided, vitamin D levels may fall and hence supplements are sometimes advised.
Previous research has shown that coupled with a short nap, consuming caffeine prior to the nap can alleviate the effects of sleep inertia. Nonetheless, individual degree of consumption and tolerance to caffeine may be responsible for variation in its efficacy to reduce sleep inertia symptoms. Light
The natural light provided by the sunrise may contribute to a reduction in sleep inertia effects. Research simulating increase of light at dawn was shown to potentiate the cortisol awakening response (CAR). The CAR is a spike in blood cortisol levels following awakening, and is associated with the return to an alert cognitive state. Other
Some other interventions that could potentially minimize the effects of sleep inertia are sound and temperature. There is moderate evidence that the presence of mild sounds and a sharp decrease in the temperature of the extremities may independently reverse sleep inertia symptoms. Noise, especially music, is thought to increase attentiveness and decrease ones subjective feeling of sleepiness upon awakening. A drop in temperature of the extremities may prevent heat loss upon awakening, facilitating the return of core body temperature to homeostatic daytime levels. See also
Circadian rhythm sleep disorder
Delayed sleep phase syndrome
Shift work
Sleep deprivation

References
External links
Flying Safely Article on Napping