For example, the albino gaur has this name because it is ash-grey whereas other gaur are almost black. A clear definition appears to be – "Congenital absence of any pigmentation or colouration in a person, animal, or plant, resulting in white hair and pink eyes in mammals." Whilst this does not state specifically that non-mammalian albino animals (or plants) are white, this can be inferred from "...absence of any pigmentation or colouration..." Due to the varied use and interpretation of the term "albino", written reports of albinistic organisms can often not be verified. Mechanism and frequency
Melanin is an organic pigment that produces most of the colour seen in mammals. Depending on how it is created, melanin comes in two colour ranges, eumelanin (producing dark browns and blacks) and pheomelanin (producing light reddish tans and blondes). The dark and light melanins have their influence either alone or in conjunction, making either plain or multi-coloured coats. Sometimes, in a condition called agouti, they make multi-coloured individual hairs. The production of melanin occurs in melanocytes in a complex process involving the enzyme tyrosinase. Mammals have a gene that codes for the presence of tyrosinase in cells – called the TYR gene. If this gene is altered or damaged, melanin cannot be reliably produced and the mammal becomes an albino. Besides the TYR gene, several other genes can cause albinism. This is because other hormones and proteins are involved in melanin production, the presence of which is genetically determined.
Amoxapine is also a weak GlyT2 blocker, as well as a weak (Ki = 2.5 μM, EC50 = 0.98 μM) δ-opioid receptor partial agonist.7-Hydroxyamoxapine, a major active metabolite of amoxapine, is a more potent dopamine receptor antagonist and contributes to its neuroleptic efficacy, whereas 8-hydroxyamoxapine is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor but a stronger serotonin reuptake inhibitor and helps to balance amoxapines ratio of serotonin to norepinephrine transporter blockade. Pharmacokinetics
Amoxapine is metabolised into two main active metabolites: 7-hydroxyamoxapine and 8-hydroxyamoxapine. Where:
- t1/2 is the elimination half life of the compound. - tmax is the time to peak plasma levels after oral administration of amoxapine. - CSS is the steady state plasma concentration. - protein binding is the extent of plasma protein binding. - Vd is the volume of distribution of the compound. Society and culture
Brand names
Brand names for amoxapine include (where † denotes discontinued brands):
Adisen (KR)
Amolife (IN)
Amoxan (JP)
Asendin† (previously marketed in CA, NZ, US)
Asendis† (previously marketed in IE, UK)
Défanyl (FR)
Demolox (DK†, IN, ES†)
Oxamine (IN)
Oxcap (IN)

See also
Loxapine


== References ==