Bednars aphthae is a type of oral ulceration (mouth ulcers) which occurs in infants. The lesions are located on the palate and are caused by trauma. No treatment is required since the lesions heal within a few days.The condition was first described in 1850, by the Austrian physician Alois Bednar (1816-1888). References


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This leads to renin secretion that causes the angiotensinogen conversion to angiotensin I. Angiotensin I then proceeds to the lung where it is converted to angiotensin II via angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE).In most people fibromuscular dysplasia or atherosclerosis is the reason for the occlusion of a renal artery which ultimately leads to this condition. Diagnosis
The diagnosis for renovascular hypertension is done by:
Blood test (for renal function)
Urinary test (tests for microalbuminuria)
Serology (to exclude systemic lupus erythematosus )
Lipid profile
Urinalysis (to exclude presence of red blood cells)

Treatment
In terms of treatment for renovascular hypertension surgical revascularization versus medical therapy for atherosclerosis, it is not clear if one option is better than the other according to a 2014 Cochrane review; balloon angioplasty did show a small improvement in blood pressure .Surgery can include percutaneous surgical revascularization, and also nephrectomy or autotransplantation, and the individual may be given beta-adrenergic blockers. Early therapeutic intervention is important if ischemic nephropathy is to be prevented. Inpatient care is necessary for the management of hypertensive urgencies, quick intervention is required to prevent further damage to the kidneys. Prognosis
The prognosis of individuals with renovascular hypertension is not easy to determine. Those with atherosclerotic renal artery disease have a high risk of mortality, furthermore, those who also have renal dysfunction have a higher mortality risk. However, the majority of renovascular diseases can be improved with surgery. See also
Fibromuscular dysplasia
Hypertensive nephropathy
Kidney failure
Renal artery stenosis

References
Further reading
Advances in Renal Hypertension Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition: ScholarlyPaper. ScholarlyEditions. 2012-12-26. ISBN 9781481636018. Textor, Stephen C. (2009). "Current Approaches to Renovascular Hypertension".