Physiology
Key to understanding whether the lung is involved in a particular case of hypoxemia is the difference between the alveolar and the arterial oxygen levels; this A-a difference is often called the A-a gradient and is normally small. The arterial oxygen partial pressure is obtained directly from an arterial blood gas determination. The oxygen contained in the alveolar air can be calculated because it will be directly proportional to its fractional composition in air. Since the airways humidify (and so dilute) the inhaled air, the barometric pressure of the atmosphere is reduced by the vapor pressure of water. History
The term hypoxemia was originally used to describe low blood oxygen occurring at high altitudes and was defined generally as defective oxygenation of the blood.In modern times there are a lot of tools to detects hypoxemia including smartwatches. In 2022 a research has shown smartwatches can detect short-time hypoxemia as well as standard medical devices. References
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Once the liver glycogen stores are depleted, the body cannot synthesize glucose, and severe hypoglycemia results.Initial symptoms appear after about four hours, and deaths have been reported from 12 to 48 hours following consumption. Supportive care involves carefully metered IV glucose infusion and fluid/eletrolyte replacement; Mortality was 80% before glucose infusion was introduced in 1954. A similar outbreak of lethal hypoglycemic encephalopathy has been linked to the consumption of lychee fruit in Muzaffarpur, India. Urinalysis of children affected by the disease has shown all affected have elevated levels of hypoglycin suggesting the same underlying pathophysiology as Jamaican vomiting sickness. Diagnosis
In popular culture
The disease appears in the ER episode "Great Expectations", where the symptoms are recognised by Dr Mallucci who, it is later revealed, attended medical school in Grenada. == References ==