BPI is most commonly found in young healthy adults, from ages 14 to 63 years old, with 50% of patients between 19 and 34 years old. 89% of BPI patients are male. The rate of brachial plexus injury has been increasing. Children
OBPP, also known as obstetrical brachial plexus palsy, occurs primarily in young children at a rate of 0.38 to 1.56 per 1000 live births depending on the type of care and the average birth weight of infants in different regions of the world. For example, a study in the United States showed and incidence of OBPP of about 1.51 cases per 1000 live births, in a Canadian study, the incidence was between 0.5 and 3 injuries per 1000 live births, a Dutch study reported an incidence of 4.6 per 1000 live births. The risk of BPI at birth is highest for infants weighing more than 4.5 kg at birth born to diabetic women. Type of delivery also affects the risk of BPI. Brachial plexus injury risks for newborns are increased with gained birth weight, birth delivery where a vacuum is assisted, and not being able to handle glucose. Traumatic injuries
BPI has shown to occur in 44% to 70% of traumatic injuries, such as motorcycle accidents, sporting activities, or  workplace accidents. With 22% being motorcycle injuries and about 4.2% having plexus damage.
Surgery is indicated when TAE has failed or sepsis present in biliary tree or drainage has failed. References
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CT of the abdomen with hemobilia