Around the world, a tropical cyclone is generally deemed to have formed once mean surface winds in excess of 35 kn (65 km/h; 40 mph) are observed. It is assumed at this stage that a tropical cyclone has become self-sustaining and can continue to intensify without any help from its environment.A study review article published in 2021 in Nature Geoscience concluded that the geographic range of tropical cyclones will probably expand poleward in response to climate warming of the Hadley circulation. Intensity
Tropical cyclone intensity is based on wind speeds and pressure; relationships between winds and pressure are often utilized in determining the intensity of a storm. Tropical cyclone scales such as the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale and Australias scale (Bureau of Meteorology) only use wind speed for determining the category of a storm. The most intense storm on record is Typhoon Tip in the northwestern Pacific Ocean in 1979, which reached a minimum pressure of 870 hPa (26 inHg) and maximum sustained wind speeds of 165 kn (85 m/s; 306 km/h; 190 mph). The highest maximum sustained wind speed ever recorded was 185 kn (95 m/s; 343 km/h; 213 mph) in Hurricane Patricia in 2015—the most intense cyclone ever recorded in the Western Hemisphere. Factors that influence intensity
Warm sea surface temperatures are required in order for tropical cyclones to form and strengthen. The commonly-accepted minimum temperature range for this to occur is 26–27 °C (79–81 °F), however, multiple studies have proposed a lower minimum of 25.5 °C (77.9 °F).
Extratropical cyclones can also be dangerous when their low-pressure centers cause powerful winds and high seas.A subtropical cyclone is a weather system that has some characteristics of a tropical cyclone and some characteristics of an extratropical cyclone. They can form in a wide band of latitudes, from the equator to 50°. Although subtropical storms rarely have hurricane-force winds, they may become tropical in nature as their cores warm. See also
Tropical cyclones in 2022
2022 Atlantic hurricane season
2022 Pacific hurricane season
2022 Pacific typhoon season
2022 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
2022–23 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
2022–23 Australian region cyclone season
2022–23 South Pacific cyclone season

References
External links

United States National Hurricane Center – North Atlantic, Eastern Pacific
United States Central Pacific Hurricane Center – Central Pacific
Japan Meteorological Agency – Western Pacific
India Meteorological Department – Indian Ocean
Météo-France – La Reunion – South Indian Ocean from 30°E to 90°E
Indonesian Meteorological Department – South Indian Ocean from 90°E to 125°E, north of 10°S
Australian Bureau of Meteorology – South Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean from 90°E to 160°E
Papua New Guinea National Weather Service – South Pacific east of 160°E, north of 10°S
Fiji Meteorological Service – South Pacific west of 160°E, north of 25° S
MetService New Zealand – South Pacific west of 160°E, south of 25°S