In the literal sense, "conscientia" means knowledge-with, that is, shared knowledge. The word first appears in Latin juridical texts by writers such as Cicero. Here, conscientia is the knowledge that a witness has of the deed of someone else. René Descartes (1596–1650) is generally taken to be the first philosopher to use conscientia in a way that does not fit this traditional meaning. Descartes used conscientia the way modern speakers would use "conscience". In Search after Truth (Regulæ ad directionem ingenii ut et inquisitio veritatis per lumen naturale, Amsterdam 1701) he says "conscience or internal testimony" (conscientiâ, vel interno testimonio). The problem of definition
The dictionary definitions of the word consciousness extend through several centuries and reflect a range of seemingly related meanings, with some differences that have been controversial, such as the distinction between inward awareness and perception of the physical world, or the distinction between conscious and unconscious, or the notion of a "mental entity" or "mental activity" that is not physical. The common usage definitions of consciousness in Websters Third New International Dictionary (1966 edition, Volume 1, page 482) are as follows: 

awareness or perception of an inward psychological or spiritual fact;  intuitively perceived knowledge of something in ones inner self
inward awareness of an external object, state, or fact
concerned awareness; INTEREST, CONCERN—often used with an attributive noun [e.g.
Subungual exostoses are a type of non-cancerous bone tumor of the chondrogenic type, and consists of bone and cartilage. It usually projects from the upper surface of the big toe underlying the nailbed, giving rise to a painful swelling that destroys the nail. Subsequent ulceration and infection may occur.There is an association with trauma and infection. Diagnosis involves medical imaging to exclude other similar conditions, particularly osteochondroma. X-ray appearance may reveal a bony protuberance attached to the top or side surface of a toe bone.Treatment is by surgical excision and is effective.More than half are under the age of 18 years and males are affected equally to females. Combined with bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation, they comprise <5% of cartilage tumors. Signs and symptoms
They tend to be painful due to the pressure applied to the nail bed and plate. They can involve destruction of the nail bed. These lesions are not true osteochondromas, rather it is a reactive cartilage metaplasia. The reason it occurs on the dorsal aspect is because the periosteum is loose dorsally but very tightly adherent volarly. Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves medical imaging.Differential diagnosis includes mainly bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP), which is more irregular and tends to involve the middle of the finger or toe rather than the end near the nail. They are distinct from subungual osteochondroma. Treatment
Treatment is by surgical excision and is effective. Epidemiology
It tends to occur in children and adolescents. Combined with BPOP, they account for less than 5% of cartilage tumors.