As a flavouring agent in drinks, quinine is limited to less than 83 parts per million in the United States, and 100 mg⁄l in the European Union. Scientific
Quinine (and quinidine) are used as the chiral moiety for the ligands used in Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation as well as for numerous other chiral catalyst backbones. Because of its relatively constant and well-known fluorescence quantum yield, quinine is used in photochemistry as a common fluorescence standard. Contraindications
Because of the narrow difference between its therapeutic and toxic effects, quinine is a common cause of drug-induced disorders, including thrombocytopenia and thrombotic microangiopathy. Even from minor levels occurring in common beverages, quinine can have severe adverse effects involving multiple organ systems, among which are immune system effects and fever, hypotension, hemolytic anemia, acute kidney injury, liver toxicity, and blindness. In people with atrial fibrillation, conduction defects, or heart block, quinine can cause heart arrhythmias, and should be avoided.Quinine can cause hemolysis in G6PD deficiency (an inherited deficiency), but this risk is small and the physician should not hesitate to use quinine in people with G6PD deficiency when there is no alternative. Adverse effects
Quinine can cause unpredictable serious and life-threatening blood and cardiovascular reactions including low platelet count and hemolytic-uremic syndrome/thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (HUS/TTP), long QT syndrome and other serious cardiac arrhythmias including torsades de pointes, blackwater fever, disseminated intravascular coagulation, leukopenia, and neutropenia. Some people who have developed TTP due to quinine have gone on to develop kidney failure.
Cutting agent
Quinine is sometimes detected as a cutting agent in street drugs such as cocaine and heroin. Other animals
Quinine is used as a treatment for Cryptocaryon irritans (commonly referred to as white spot, crypto or marine ich) infection of marine aquarium fish. References
Further reading
Schroeder-Lein G (2008). The encyclopedia of Civil War medicine. Armonk, NY: Sharpe, Inc.
Hobhouse, Henry (2005) [1986]. Seeds of Change: Six Plants That Transformed Mankind. Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint. ISBN 978-1-59376-049-6. Stockwell HR (1982). "Aeromedical considerations of malaria prophylaxis with mefloquine hydrochloride". Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 3 (10): 1011–13. PMID 6983345. Wolff RS, Wirtschafter D, Adkinson C (June 1997). "Ocular quinine toxicity treated with hyperbaric oxygen". Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine. 24 (2): 131–4. PMID 9171472. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2008. Slater L (2009). War and disease : biomedical research on malaria in the twentieth century. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. Lloyd, Henry D. (June 1884). "Lords of Industry". The North American Review. University of Northern Iowa. 138 (331): 535–553. ISSN 0029-2397. JSTOR 25118388. World Health Organization (2015). Guidelines for the treatment of malaria, 3rd ed (3rd ed.). World Health Organization (WHO). hdl:10665/162441. ISBN 9789241549127. External links

Quinine at the Drug Information Portal
Quinine at the International Programme on Chemical Safety
"Quinine". Resource Center. Chemwatch.