Progressive scoliosis can generally be managed with standard instrumentation and fusion techniques. Surgical management in the craniofacial skeleton is complicated by frequent post-operative FD regrowth, and should focus on correction of functional deformities. Prophylactic optic nerve decompression increases the risk of vision loss and is contraindicated.Managing endocrinopathies is a critical component of management in FD. All patients with fibrous dysplasia should be evaluated and treated for endocrine diseases associated with McCune–Albright syndrome. In particular untreated growth hormone excess may worsen craniofacial fibrous dysplasia and increase the risk of blindness. Untreated hypophosphatemia increases bone pain and risk of fractures. See also
Cherubism
Dysplasia
McCune–Albright syndrome

References
Further reading
GeneReviews entry for Fibrous Dysplasia/McCune-Albright Syndrome


== External links ==
A diagnosis of inappropriate sinus tachycardia is primarily one of exclusion, and the following may be observed:
Exclusion of all other causes of sinus tachycardia
Common forms of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) must be excluded
Normal P wave morphology
A resting sinus tachycardia is usually (but not always) present
Nocturnal dip in heart rate
Inappropriate heart rate response on exertion
Mean heart rate in 24hrs >95 bpm
Symptoms are documented to be due to tachycardia
Hypotension is occasionally observed
Syncope (fainting) is occasionally reported

Treatment
IST has been treated both pharmacologically and invasively, with varying degrees of success. IST, in and of itself, is not indicative of higher rates of mortality, and non-treatment is an option chosen by many if they have minimal symptoms.Some types of medication tried by cardiologists and other physicians include: beta blockers, selective sinus node If channel inhibitors (such as ivabradine), calcium channel blockers, and antiarrhythmic agents. Some SSRI drugs are also occasionally tried, as are treatments more commonly used to treat postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, such as fludrocortisone.Invasive treatments include forms of catheter ablation such as sinus node modification (selective ablation of the sinus node), complete sinus node ablation (with associated implantation of a permanent artificial pacemaker), and AV node ablation in very resistant cases (creation of iatrogenic complete heart block, necessitating implantation of a permanent artificial pacemaker). However, invasive treatments can also make the symptoms worse. See also
Supraventricular tachycardia
Sinus tachycardia
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Dysautonomia

References
Further reading
Yusuf, Shamil; Camm, A. John (2005). "Deciphering the sinus tachycardias". Clinical Cardiology. 28 (6): 267–76. doi:10.1002/clc.4960280603. PMC 6654702. PMID 16028460. Still, A; Raatikainen, P;  et al. (2005).