If dilation of the fetal urinary tract is suspected during pregnancy, an ultrasound of the infants kidneys and bladder should be obtained after birth. Postnatal diagnosis
If patients aren’t diagnosed with dilation of their urinary tract via ultrasound in utero, they can present after birth with vague symptoms such as abdominal pain, blood in their urine or a urinary tract infection. Associated syndromes
If patients have other congenital anomalies, their bladder outlet obstruction may be recognized during evaluation for their related syndromes. For example, VACTERL association is a constellation of congenital anomalies including vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheoesophageal, renal and limb defects. Prune belly syndrome (or Eagle-Barrett syndrome) is another group of congenital disorders that involves the kidneys and includes absent abdominal wall musculature, severe urinary tract abnormalities and bilateral undescended testicles. Dietl crisis
Patients with an undiagnosed ureteropelvic junction obstruction may experience abdominal or flank pain after increased fluid intake, when their bladder is full or when they exercise. Terminology
Bladder neck obstruction is a condition where the bladder neck does not open enough during voiding. Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT)
Bladder outlet obstruction is included in the spectrum of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). CAKUT is the most common cause of birth defects, occurring in 1 out of 1000 live births, and accounts for approximately half of all cases of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in children. CAKUT can be classified by the degree and type of malformation as follows:

Aplasia
Aplasia is a congenital absence of kidney tissue.
Eosinophilic folliculitis  is an itchy rash with an unknown cause that is most common among individuals with HIV, though it can occur in HIV-negative individuals where it is known by the eponym Ofuji disease. EF consists of itchy red bumps (papules) centered on hair follicles and typically found on the upper body, sparing the abdomen and legs. The name eosinophilic folliculitis refers to the predominant immune cells associated with the disease (eosinophils) and the involvement of the hair follicles. Pathophysiology
The cause of EF is unknown. A variety of microorganisms have been implicated, including the mite Demodex, the yeast Pityrosporum, and bacteria. An autoimmune process has what is this also been investigated. Diagnosis
Eosinophilic folliculitis may be suspected clinically when an individual with HIV exhibits the classic symptoms. The diagnosis can be supported by the finding of eosinophilia but a skin biopsy is necessary to establish it. Skin biopsies reveal lymphocytic and eosinophilic inflammation around the hair follicles. Treatment
Treatment of eosinophilic folliculitis in people with HIV typically begins with the initiation of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy in order to help reconstitute the immune system. Direct treatment of the EF itself focuses on decreasing the inflammation and itching. Topical corticosteroids and oral antihistamines can alleviate the itching and decrease the size and number of lesions. Treatment with the antifungal drug itraconazole, the antibiotic metronidazole, and the anti-mite drug permethrin may lead to some improvement of symptoms. Other therapies include PUVA, topical tacrolimus, and isotretinoin.