Aspirin displaces bilirubin from serum albumin, thus generating an increased level of free bilirubin which can cross the developing blood brain barrier. This can be life-threatening.Bilirubin is known to accumulate in the gray matter of neurological tissue where it exerts direct neurotoxic effects. It appears that its neurotoxicity is due to mass-destruction of neurons by apoptosis and necrosis. Risk factors
Premature birth
Rh incompatibility
Polycythemia – often present in neonates
Sulfonamides (e.g. co-trimoxazole) – displaces bilirubin from serum albumin
Crigler–Najjar syndrome, type I
G6PD deficiency
BruisingGilberts syndrome and G6PD deficiency occurring together especially increases the risk for kernicterus. Diagnosis
In neonates with kernicterus, the Moro reflex may be absent or symmetrically reduced. Prevention
Measuring the serum bilirubin is helpful in evaluating a babys risk for developing kernicterus. These numbers can then be plotted on the Bhutani nomogram. In neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, light therapy may be effective in reducing the serum bilirubin level. More severe cases may require the use of exchange transfusion. Treatment
Currently no effective treatment exists for kernicterus. Future therapies may include neuroregeneration. A handful of patients have undergone deep brain stimulation, and experienced some benefit. Drugs such as baclofen, clonazepam, gabapentin, and artane are often used to manage movement disorders associated with kernicterus. Proton pump inhibitors are also used to help with reflux. Cochlear implants and hearing aids have also been known to improve the hearing loss that can come with kernicterus (auditory neuropathy – ANSD). Notable people
Claudio Tiribelli, Italian hepatologist, studies on Kernicterus

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Problems with blood cell formation result in some combination of low red blood cells, low platelets, and low white blood cells. Some types have an increase in immature blood cells, called blasts, in the bone marrow or blood. Fibrous dysplasia of bone
Fibrous dysplasia of bone is a disorder where normal bone and marrow is replaced with fibrous tissue, resulting in formation of bone that is weak and prone to expansion. As a result, most complications result from fracture, deformity, functional impairment and pain. Macroscopic scale
Hip dysplasia
Hip dysplasia is an abnormality of the hip joint where the socket portion does not fully cover the ball portion, resulting in an increased risk for joint dislocation. Hip dysplasia may occur at birth or develop in early life. Regardless, it does not typically produce symptoms in babies less than a year old. Occasionally one leg may be shorter than the other. The left hip is more often affected than the right. Complications without treatment can include arthritis, limping, and low back pain. Multicystic dysplastic kidney
Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is a condition that results from the malformation of the kidney during fetal development. The kidney consists of irregular cysts of varying sizes. Multicystic dysplastic kidney is a common type of renal cystic disease, and it is a cause of an abdominal mass in infants. Etymology
From Ancient Greek δυσ- dys-,  "bad" or "difficult" and πλάσις plasis, "formation". The equivalent surface analysis, in parallel with classical compounds, is dys- + -plasia. See also
Pleomorphism
List of biological development disorders

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== Further reading ==