Snickometer
a television graphic, also available for use by the third umpire, used to assess on a replay whether or not the batsman has snicked the ball. The graphic juxtaposes a slow motion replay with a sound oscilloscope, and is used to assess whether a sharp sound was recorded at the same moment as the ball passes the bat. Sometimes shortened to snicko. Soft hands (batting) (also soft bat)
To bat with soft hands (or play with a soft bat) is to hold the bat loosely or with relaxed hands so that it absorbs the balls momentum, meaning that the ball does not rebound sharply off it when the shot is played. Soft hands (fielding)
To catch the ball with soft hands is to relax the hands and follow through the motion of the ball in the air, allowing the ball to hit the hands gently rather than risking it bouncing out of the hands. Specialist
a player selected in the team primarily for a single skill, i.e. not an all-rounder or a wicket-keeper-batsman. Such players can be referred to as specialist batsmen, specialist bowlers, or specialist wicketkeepers. Spectacles
another word for a pair. From the appearance of two ducks on the scorecard as 0–0. Spell
1.  the number of continuous overs a bowler bowls before being relieved. Spider Graph (also Wagon Wheel)
a graphical chart that represents the trajectory of the ball from each scoring stroke, including its direction, distance travelled, and (where the technology allows) elevation and bounces.
If the toxicity is severe, lithium may need to be removed from the body. Mechanism of action
The specific biochemical mechanism of lithium action in stabilizing mood is unknown.Upon ingestion, lithium becomes widely distributed in the central nervous system and interacts with a number of neurotransmitters and receptors, decreasing norepinephrine release and increasing serotonin synthesis.Unlike many other psychoactive drugs, Li+ typically produces no obvious psychotropic effects (such as euphoria) in normal individuals at therapeutic concentrations. Lithium may also increase the release of serotonin by neurons in the brain. In vitro studies performed on serotonergic neurons from rat raphe nuclei have shown that when these neurons are treated with lithium, serotonin release is enhanced during a depolarization compared to no lithium treatment and the same depolarization.Lithium both directly and indirectly inhibits GSK3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β) which results in the activation of mTOR. This leads to an increase in neuroprotective mechanisms by facilitating the Akt signaling pathway. GSK-3β is a downstream target of monoamine systems. As such, it is directly implicated in cognition and mood regulation. During mania, GSK-3β is activated via dopamine overactivity. GSK-3β inhibits the transcription factors β-catenin and cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB), by phosphorylation. This results in a decrease in the transcription of important genes encoding for neurotrophins. In addition, several authors proposed that pAp-phosphatase could be one of the therapeutic targets of lithium.