Hiatus hernias may be either "sliding", in which the gastroesophageal junction itself slides through the defect into the chest, or non-sliding (also known as para-esophageal), in which case the junction remains fixed while another portion of the stomach moves up through the defect. Non-sliding or para-esophageal hernias can be dangerous as they may allow the stomach to rotate and obstruct. Repair is usually advised. A congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a distinct problem, occurring in up to 1 in 2000 births, and requiring pediatric surgery. Intestinal organs may herniate through several parts of the diaphragm, posterolateral (in Bochdaleks triangle (lumbocostal triangle), resulting in a Bochdalek hernia), or anteromedial-retrosternal (in the cleft of foramina of Morgagni (sternocostal triangle), resulting in a Morgagnis hernia). Other hernias
Since many organs or parts of organs can herniate through many orifices, it is very difficult to give an exhaustive list of hernias, with all synonyms and eponyms. The above article deals mostly with "visceral hernias", where the herniating tissue arises within the abdominal cavity. Other hernia types and unusual types of visceral hernias are listed below, in alphabetical order:

Abdominal wall hernias:
Umbilical hernia
Epigastric hernia: a hernia through the linea alba above the umbilicus. Spigelian hernia, also known as spontaneous lateral ventral hernia
Amyands hernia: containing the appendix vermiformis within the hernia sac
Brain herniation, sometimes referred to as brain hernia, is a potentially deadly side effect of very high intracranial pressure that occurs when a part of the brain is squeezed across structures within the skull. Broad ligament hernia, of the uterus.
Lentiginosis refers to the presence of lentigines in large numbers or in a distinctive configuration. These are spotted areas created by accumulation in the skin due to sun exposure. Due to a high irregularity any distinction from randomness defines lentiginosis. Although lentigines are benign, they be the signal of an underlying problem such as progressive cardiomyopathic lentiginosis, which can cause retardation in children. See also
Lentigines
Skin cancer
List of cutaneous conditions

References


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