What exactly makes some children susceptible to such brain damage is often unknown but it is believed that cerebral palsy may be the result of causal pathways, or chains of events that cause or increase the likelihood of brain injury. Most of the time, children are born with the brain damage resulting in spastic cerebral palsy, but a small percentage experience the damage shortly after birth following a stroke, head injury, or infection.The following are types of brain damage that can result in spastic cerebral palsy:

cerebral dysgenesis
periventricular leukomalacia
brain bleeds
Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy

Risk factors
The following medical conditions are associated with increased likelihood of spastic cerebral palsy, as well as with other types of cerebral palsy:

Preterm birth/low birthweight
Multiple births
Incompatible blood type between mother and fetus
Exposure to toxins
Complicated labor

Diagnosis
There is no single test to diagnose spastic cerebral palsy. It is typically diagnosed by age 2, though milder cases may go undetected for a longer time. A doctor will typically use a series of tests to assess developmental progress in growth, muscle control, coordination, vision, hearing, and posture. Continuous loss of motor skills likely indicates a condition other than spastic CP such as a genetic muscle disease Some metabolic disorders mimic spastic cerebral palsy and can be ruled out using a Magnetic resonance imaging test (MRI).Some tests to assess a child suspected to have spastic cerebral palsy are:

Cranial ultrasound
CT scan
Magnetic resonance imagingThese tests are imaging techniques used to produce pictures of the brain and to examine them for areas of damage that indicate a diagnosis of spastic cerebral palsy.
A urethral caruncle is a benign cutaneous condition characterized by distal urethral lesions that are most commonly found in post-menopausal women. They appear red, and can be various sizes. They can have the appearance of a tumor. These epidermal growths are found around the posterior portion of the urethral meatus. They can bleed and occasionally cause dysuria and dyspareunia. The caruncles can be removed by surgery, electric cauterization and then with suture repair. Pathology studies are necessary to distinguish carcinoma of the urethra from urethral caruncles. Caruncles can grow back in some instances. Urethral caruncles can accompany the skin changes related to lowered estrogen levels. They can become a source of chronic hematuria, infection, and urethritis. See also
Unilateral palmoplantar verrucous nevus

References


== External links ==