These types of high-end curves typically do not respond well to conservative treatment and almost always warrant spinal fusion surgery, which can restore the bodys natural degree of curvature. The term is from Greek κυφός kyphos, a hump. Signs and symptoms
Complications
The risk of serious complications from spinal fusion surgery for kyphosis is estimated to be 5%, similar to the risks of surgery for scoliosis. Possible complications include inflammation of the soft tissue or deep inflammatory processes, breathing impairments, bleeding, and nerve injuries. According to the latest evidence, the actual rate of complications may be substantially higher. Even among those who do not develop serious complications, 5% of patients require reoperation within five years of the procedure, and in general it is not yet clear what one would expect from spine surgery during the long-term. Given that the signs and symptoms of spinal deformity cannot be changed by surgical intervention, surgery remains essentially a cosmetic choice. However, the cosmetic effects of surgery are not necessarily stable. Diagnosis
Classification
There are several kinds of kyphosis (ICD-10 codes are provided):

Postural kyphosis (M40.0), the most common type, normally attributed to slouching, can occur in both the old and the young. In the young, it can be called "slouching" and is reversible by correcting muscular imbalances. In the old, it may be a case of hyperkyphosis and called "dowagers hump". About one third of the most severe hyperkyphosis cases in older people have vertebral fractures.
Medical uses
In the United States, ravulizumab is indicated for the treatment of adults and children one month of age and older with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and for the treatment of adults and children one month of age and older with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) to inhibit complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA).In the European Union, ravulizumab is indicated in the treatment of adults with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria:

in people with haemolysis with clinical symptom(s) indicative of high disease activity
in people who are clinically stable after having been treated with eculizumab for at least the past six months. Names
Ravulizumab is the International Nonproprietary Name (INN). History
Ravulizumab was developed by Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. It was engineered from eculizumab to have a longer-lasting effect.Ravulizumab was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2018. In April 2019, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) recommended the granting of a conditional marketing authorization for ravulizumab. Ravulizumab was approved for medical use in the EU in July 2019. References
Further reading
Stern RM, Connell NT (2019). "Ravulizumab: a novel C5 inhibitor for the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria". Ther Adv Hematol. 10: 2040620719874728. doi:10.1177/2040620719874728. PMC 6737867. PMID 31534662. External links
"Ravulizumab". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.