The prevalence is increasing with the aging population in North America and Europe.Risk factors known to influence disease progression of AS include factors similar to those of coronary artery disease such as hypertension, advanced age, being male, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, metabolic syndrome, and end-stage kidney disease. History
Aortic stenosis was first described by French physician Lazare Rivière in 1663. Research
People on bisphosphonates were found in a 2010 study to have less progression of aortic stenosis, and some regressed. This finding led to multiple trials, ongoing as of 2012. Subsequent research failed to confirm the initial positive result. References
External links
Aortic stenosis at Curlie
Bonow, Robert O.; Brown, Alan S.; Gillam, Linda D.; Kapadia, Samir R.; Kavinsky, Clifford J.; Lindman, Brian R.; Mack, Michael J.; Thourani, Vinod H. (October 2017). "ACC/AATS/AHA/ASE/EACTS/HVS/SCA/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/STS 2017 Appropriate Use Criteria for the Treatment of Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 70 (20): 2566–2598. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.09.018. PMID 29054308.
Efinaconazole, sold under the brand name Jublia among others, is a triazole antifungal medication. It is approved for use in the United States, Canada, and Japan as a 10% topical solution for the treatment of onychomycosis (fungal infection of the nail). Efinaconazole acts as a 14α-demethylase inhibitor.It was approved as a generic medication in the United States in 2020. Medical uses
Efinaconazole is an azole antifungal indicated in the US for the topical treatment of onychomycosis of the toenails due to Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Efficacy
In two clinical trials 17.8% (trial 1) and 15.2% (trial 2) of participants using efinaconazole were completely cured (0% clinical involvement of the target toenail, plus negative KOH test and negative culture), compared with 3.3% (trial 1) and 5.5% (trial 2) of participants using a placebo. The "complete cure or almost complete cure" rate (≤5% affected target toenail area involved, and negative KOH and culture) for efinaconazole was 26.4% (trial 1) and 23.4% (trial 2) (compared with 7.0% (trial 1) and 7.5% (trial 2)). History
In 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the New Drug Application (NDA). According to Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Inc CEO J. Michael Pearson they acquired Jublia through their purchase of Dow Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2008.In 2020, the FDA approved a supplemental New Drug Application for efinaconazole topical solution, 10%, which extended the age range included in the products label to children six years of age and older; it was first approved in 2014, in people aged 18 years of age and older.