An Ottoman army besieged Bitlis for three months in 1531/32, but was forced to retire. Sheref was killed in battle in 1533 and his son and successor submitted to the Ottoman Empire. Mush and Hınıs were removed from the Bitlis emirate, becoming separate sanjaks but still with Ruzaki beys. A Jesuit mission was established in Bitlis in 1685. The Ruzakid Kurdish dynasty in Bitlis lasted until 1849, when an Ottoman governor evicted its last emir, Sheref Bey, who was taken to Constantinople as a prisoner. After this, Bitlis was governed by a Turkish pasha and formed the capital of a vilayet bearing its name. Modern
In 1814 the population of Bitlis town was said to be 12,000 people - one half Muslim, the other half was constituted by Christian Armenians. By 1838 its population was said to be between 15,000 and 18,000 - two thirds Muslim, one third Armenian, and a small minority of Assyrians. In 1898 Lynch considered the population to be close to 30,000, comprising 10,000 Armenians, 300 [As]syrians, and the rest Muslim Kurds (both Alevis and Sunnis included). The Armenians had five schools for boys and three for girls. One third of the population of Bitlis was ethnic Armenian prior to World War I (1914, whereas the majority of the population was Kurdish Muslim (Alevi as well as Sunni Muslims).
Malignant infantile osteopetrosis is known for exhibiting specific plain radiographic abnormalities:
Loss of differentiation between the medullary and cortical portions of bone is a radiographic hallmark of infantile osteopetrosis
Characteristic endobone or "bone-within-bone" appearance in the spine, or "sandwich vertebra" appearance, characterized by dense endplate sclerosis with sharp margins
Characteristic endobone or "bone-within-bone" appearance in the pelvis and  long bones of extremities where areas of osteosclerosis intermingle with areas of relatively hypodense bone. Failure of remodeling of the distal femoral and proximal humeral metaphyses giving the affected bones a funnel shaped appearance known as an Erlenmeyer flask deformity
Alternating radiolucent femoral metaphyseal bands
Pathologic fractures

Differential diagnosis
The differential diagnosis of malignant infantile osteopetrosis includes other genetic skeletal dysplasias that cause osteosclerosis. They are collectively known as osteosclerosing dysplasias. The differential diagnosis of genetic osteosclerosing dysplasias including infantile osteopetrosis has been tabulated and illustrated in literature citations. Neuropathic infantile osteopetrosis
Infantile osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis
Infantile osteopetrosis with immunodeficiency
IO with leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome (LAD-III)
Intermediate osteopetrosis
Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis (Albers-Schonberg)
Pyknodysostosis (osteopetrosis acro-osteolytica)
Osteopoikilosis (Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome)
Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis
Mixed sclerosing bone dysplasia
Progressive diaphyseal dysplasia (Camurati–Engelmann disease)
SOST-related sclerosing bone dysplasias

Treatment
The only effective line of treatment for malignant infantile osteopetrosis is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It has been shown to provide long-term disease-free periods for a significant percentage of those treated. It can impact both hematologic and skeletal abnormalities; and has been used successfully to reverse the associated skeletal abnormalities.Radiographs of at least one case with malignant infantile osteopetrosis have demonstrated bone remodeling and recanalization of medullar canals following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.