It was added to the fourth edition of the American Psychiatric Associations diagnostic reference, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), published in 1994.Hundreds of books, articles, and websites now describe AS and prevalence estimates have increased dramatically for ASD, with AS recognized as an important subgroup. Whether it should be seen as distinct from high-functioning autism is a fundamental issue requiring further study, and there are questions about the empirical validation of the DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria. In 2013, DSM-5 eliminated AS as a separate diagnosis, folding it into the autism spectrum on a severity scale. Society and culture
People identifying with Asperger syndrome may refer to themselves in casual conversation as aspies (a term first used in print in the Boston Globe in 1998). Some autistic people have advocated a shift in perception of autism spectrum disorders as complex syndromes rather than diseases that must be cured. Proponents of this view reject the notion that there is an "ideal" brain configuration and that any deviation from the norm is pathological; they promote tolerance for what they call neurodiversity. These views are the basis for the autistic rights and autistic pride movements.
In addition, mitotane has direct and selective cytotoxic effects on the adrenal cortex, via an unknown mechanism, and thereby induces permanent adrenal atrophy similarly to DDD. Chemistry
Analogues of mitotane include aminoglutethimide, amphenone B, and metyrapone. History
Mitotane was introduced in 1960 for the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma. Society and culture
Generic names
Mitotane is the generic name of the drug and its INN, USAN, BAN, and JAN. Brand names
Mitotane has been sold under the brand name Lysodren. Veterinary use
Mitotane is also used to treat Cushings disease (pituitary-dependent Cushings syndrome) in dogs. The medication is used in the controlled destruction of adrenal tissue, leading to a decrease in cortisol production. References
External links
V. P. Komissarenko; I. S. Chelnakova; A. S. Mikosha (1978). "Effect of o,p-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane and perthane in vitro on glutathione reductase activity in the adrenals of dogs and guinea pigs". Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 85 (2): 152–154. doi:10.1007/BF00800110. S2CID 23181221. Government of Canada: Benzene, 1-chloro-2-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]- (Mitotane)
Environment Canada & Health Canada: RISK MANAGEMENT SCOPE for Benzene, 1-chloro-2-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]- (Mitotane), 2013