Antibiotics – doxycycline and tetracycline
Quinidine
Bisphosphonates – used to treat osteoporosis
Steroids
Potassium chloride

Chemical injury by alkaline or acid solutions
Physical injury resulting from nasogastric tubes. Alcohol use disorder – Can wear down the lining of the esophagus. Crohns disease – a type of IBD and an autoimmune disease that can cause esophagitis if it attacks the esophagus. Stress – Can cause higher levels of acid reflux
Radiation therapy - Can affect the immune system. Allergies (food, inhalants) – Allergies can stimulate eosinophilic esophagitis. Infection - People with an immunodeficiencies have a higher chance of developing esophagitis. Vitamins and supplements (iron, vitamin C, and potassium) – Supplements and minerals can be hard on the GI tract. Vomiting – Acid can irritate esophagus. Hernias – A hernia can poke through the diaphragm muscle and can inhibit the stomach acid and food from draining quickly. Surgery
Eosinophilic esophagitis, a more chronic condition with a theorized autoimmune component

Mechanism
The esophagus is a muscular tube made of both voluntary and involuntary muscles. It is responsible for peristalsis of food. It is about 8 inches long and passes through the diaphragm before entering the stomach. The esophagus is made up of three layers:  from the inside out, they are the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa. The mucosa, the inner most layer and lining of the esophagus, is composed of stratified squamous epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. At the end of the esophagus is the lower esophageal sphincter, which normally prevents stomach acid from entering the esophagus.
Choreoathetosis is the occurrence of involuntary movements in a combination of chorea (irregular migrating contractions) and athetosis (twisting and writhing). It is caused by many different diseases and agents. It is a symptom of several diseases, including Lesch–Nyhan syndrome, phenylketonuria, and Huntington disease and can be a feature of kernicterus (rapidly increasing unconjugated bilirubin that cross the blood-brain-barrier in infants). Choreoathetosis is also a common presentation of dyskinesia as a side effect of levodopa-carbidopa in the treatment of Parkinson disease.The use of crack cocaine or amphetamines can result in conditions nicknamed crack dancing, or tweaking respectively, described as choreathetoid. See also
Ulegyria

References


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