Tivozanib, sold under the brand name Fotivda, is a medication used for the treatment of relapsed or refractory advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It is an oral VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor.The most common side effects include fatigue, hypertension, diarrhea, decreased appetite, nausea, dysphonia, hypothyroidism, cough, and stomatitis.Tivozanib was approved for medical use in the European Union in August 2017, and in the United States in March 2021. Medical uses
Tivozanib is used for the treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) following two or more prior systemic therapies. Contraindications
Tivozanib must not be combined with St. Johns Wort, an inducer of the liver enzyme CYP3A4 (see interactions below). It should not be taken during pregnancy as it is teratogenic, embryotoxic and fetotoxic in rats. Adverse effects
The most common side effects in studies were hypertension (high blood pressure, in 48% of patients), dysphonia (hoarse voice, 27%), fatigue and diarrhoea (both 26%). A hypertensive crisis occurred in 1% of patients. Interactions
Administration of a single dose of tivozanib with rifampicin, a strong inducer of the enzyme CYP3A4, cuts the biological half-life and total exposure (AUC) of tivozanib in half, but has no relevant influence on highest concentrations in the blood. Combination with ketoconazole, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, has no relevant effects. The clinical significance of these findings is not known. Pharmacology
Mechanism of action
A quinoline urea derivative, tivozanib suppresses angiogenesis by being selectively inhibitory against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It is designed to inhibit all three VEGF receptors.
Lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil, sold under the brand name Cimduo among others, is a fixed-dose combination antiretroviral medication for the treatment of HIV/AIDS in adults and children weighing more than 35 kilograms (77 lb). It contains lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil. It is taken by mouth.Lamivudine/tenofovir was approved for medical use in the United States in February 2018. References
Further reading
"WHO Public Assessment Report: HA414 - Lamivudine/Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate - 300mg/300mg - Tablets - Mylan Laboratories Ltd - India". World Health Organization (WHO). Archived from the original on 26 March 2020. External links
"Lamivudine". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Tenofovir disoproxil". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.