The majority of respiratory system cancers are attributable to smoking tobacco.The major histological types of respiratory system cancer are:

Small cell lung cancer
Non-small cell lung cancer
Adenocarcinoma of the lung
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
Large cell lung carcinoma
Other lung cancers (carcinoid, Kaposi’s sarcoma, melanoma)
Lymphoma
Head and neck cancer
Pleural mesothelioma, almost always caused by exposure to asbestos dust.In addition, since many cancers spread via the bloodstream and the entire cardiac output passes through the lungs, it is common for cancer metastases to occur within the lung. Breast cancer may invade directly through local spread, and through lymph node metastases. After metastasis to the liver, colon cancer frequently metastasizes to the lung. Prostate cancer, germ cell cancer and renal cell carcinoma may also metastasize to the lung. Treatment of respiratory system cancer depends on the type of cancer. Surgical removal of part of a lung (lobectomy, segmentectomy, or wedge resection) or of an entire lung pneumonectomy), along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are all used. The chance of surviving lung cancer depends on the cancer stage at the time the cancer is diagnosed, and to some extent on the histology, and is only about 14–17% overall. In the case of metastases to the lung, treatment can occasionally be curative but only in certain, rare circumstances. Benign tumors
Benign tumors are relatively rare causes of respiratory disease. Examples of benign tumors are:

Pulmonary hamartoma
Congenital malformations such as pulmonary sequestration and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM). Pleural cavity diseases
Pleural cavity diseases include pleural mesothelioma which are mentioned above.
History
As early as the time of Graeco-Roman physician and anatomist Galen described the urinary tract and noted that there were specific mechanisms to prevent the reflux of urine. References


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