The B symptoms, such as fever, night sweats, and weight loss, are often present as well.Central nervous system (CNS) symptoms such as cranial neuropathies due to meningeal infiltration are identified in less than 10% of adults and less than 5% of children, particularly mature B-cell ALL (Burkitt leukemia) at presentation.The signs and symptoms of ALL are variable and include:
Generalized weakness and feeling tired
Anemia
Dizziness
Headache, vomiting, lethargy, neck stiffness, or cranial nerve palsies (CNS involvement)
Frequent or unexplained fever and infection
Weight loss and/or loss of appetite
Excessive and unexplained bruising
Bone pain, joint pain (caused by the spread of "blast" cells to the surface of the bone or into the joint from the marrow cavity)
Breathlessness
Enlarged lymph nodes, liver, and/or spleen
Pitting edema (swelling) in the lower limbs and/or abdomen
Petechiae, which are tiny red spots or lines in the skin due to low platelet levels
Testicular enlargement
Mediastinal mass

Cause
The cancerous cell in ALL is the lymphoblast. Normal lymphoblasts develop into mature, infection-fighting B-cells or T-cells, also called lymphocytes. Signals in the body control the number of lymphocytes so neither too few nor too many are made. In ALL, both the normal development of some lymphocytes and the control over the number of lymphoid cells become defective.ALL emerges when a single lymphoblast gains many mutations to genes that affect blood cell development and proliferation. In childhood ALL, this process begins at conception with the inheritance of some of these genes. These genes, in turn, increase the risk that more mutations will occur in developing lymphoid cells. Certain genetic syndromes, like Down Syndrome, have the same effect.
Tralokinumab sold under the brand names Adtralza (EU/UK) and Adbry (US) among others, is a human monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Tralokinumab targets the cytokine interleukin 13.The most common side effects include upper respiratory tract infections (colds and other infections of the nose and throat), reactions at the injection site, and redness and discomfort in the eye.Tralokinumab was approved for medical use in the European Union and in the United Kingdom in June 2021. It was approved for medical use in the United States in December 2021. Medical uses
Tralokinumab is indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults who are candidates for systemic therapy.In the United States, tralokinumab is indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults whose disease is not adequately controlled with topical prescription therapies or when those therapies are not advisable. Discovery and development
Tralokinumab was discovered by Cambridge Antibody Technology scientists using protein optimization based on Ribosome Display. They used the extensive data sets from ribosome display to patent protect CAT-354 in a world-first of sequence-activity-relationship claims. In 2004, clinical development of CAT-354 was initiated with this first study completing in 2005. On 21 July 2011, MedImmune LLC initiated a Phase IIb, randomized, double-blind study to evaluate the efficacy of tralokinumab in adults with asthma.In 2016, MedImmune and AstraZeneca started developing tralokinumab for asthma (Phase III) and atopic dermatitis (Phase IIb) while clinical development for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have been discontinued.