An alteration in 11-beta HSD1 has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance known as metabolic syndrome.An alteration in 11-beta HSD2 has been implicated in essential hypertension and is known to lead to the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (SAME). A-ring reductases (5alpha- and 5beta-reductases)
Cortisol is also metabolized irreversibly into 5-alpha tetrahydrocortisol (5-alpha THF) and 5-beta tetrahydrocortisol (5-beta THF), reactions for which 5-alpha reductase and 5-beta-reductase are the rate-limiting factors, respectively. 5-Beta reductase is also the rate-limiting factor in the conversion of cortisone to tetrahydrocortisone. Cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A monooxygenases
Cortisol is also metabolized irreversibly into 6β-hydroxycortisol by cytochrome p450-3A monooxygenases, mainly, CYP3A4. Drugs that induce CYP3A4 may accelerate cortisol clearance. Chemistry
Cortisol is a naturally occurring pregnane corticosteroid and is also known as 11β,17α,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. Animals
In animals, cortisol is often used as an indicator of stress and can be measured in blood, saliva, urine, hair, and faeces. See also
Cortisone, a hormone
Cortisol awakening response
List of corticosteroids
Membrane glucocorticoid receptor

References
External links

Cortisol MS Spectrum
Cortisol: analyte monograph – The Association for Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine
Hemodialysis also has the advantage of restoring electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities while removing salicylate.Salicylic acid has a small size (low molecular mass), has a low volume of distribution (is more water soluble), has low tissue binding and is largely free (and not protein bound) at toxic levels in the body; all of which make it easily removable from the body by hemodialysis.Indication for dialysis:

Salicylate level higher than 90 mg/dL
Severe acid base imbalance
Severe cardiac toxicity
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Cerebral involvement/ neurological signs and symptoms
Rising serum salicylate level despite alkalinization/multidose activated charcoal, or people in which standard approaches to treatment ave failed
Unable to tolerate fluids with fluid overload

Epidemiology
Acute salicylate toxicity usually occurs after an intentional ingestion by younger adults, often with a history of psychiatric disease or previous overdose, whereas chronic toxicity usually occurs in older adults who experience inadvertent overdose while ingesting salicylates therapeutically over longer periods of time.During the latter part of the 20th century, the number of  poisonings from salicylates  declined, mainly because of the increased popularity of other over-the-counter analgesics such as paracetamol (acetaminophen). Fifty-two deaths involving single-ingredient aspirin were reported in the United States in 2000; however, in all but three of these cases, the reason for the ingestion of lethal doses was intentional—predominantly suicidal. History
Aspirin poisoning has controversially been cited as a possible cause of the high mortality rate during the 1918 flu pandemic, which killed 50 to 100 million people. See also
NSAID hypersensitivity reactions
Reye syndrome
Salicylate sensitivity

References
External links

Reingardiene, D; Lazauskas, R (2006). "[Acute salicylate poisoning]". Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania). 42 (1): 79–83.