Observational studies emphasize that the antioxidant effects of unconjugated bilirubin may bring survival benefits to patients.Several analyses have found a significantly decreased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in individuals with GS.Specifically, people with mildly elevated levels of bilirubin (1.1 mg/dl to 2.7 mg/dl) were at lower risk for CAD and at lower risk for future heart disease. These researchers went on to perform a meta-analysis of data available up to 2002, and confirmed the incidence of atherosclerotic disease (hardening of the arteries) in subjects with GS had a close and inverse relationship to the serum bilirubin. This beneficial effect was attributed to bilirubin IXα which is recognized as a potent antioxidant, rather than confounding factors such as high-density lipoprotein levels.This association was also seen in long-term data from the Framingham Heart Study. Moderately elevated levels of bilirubin in people with GS and the (TA)7/(TA)7 genotype were associated with one-third the risk for both coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease as compared to those with the (TA)6/(TA)6 genotype (i.e. a normal, nonmutated gene locus).Platelet counts and MPV (mean platelet volume) are decreased in patients with Gilberts syndrome. The elevated levels of bilirubin and decreasing levels of MPV and CRP in Gilberts syndrome patients may have an effect on the slowing down of the atherosclerotic process.
those produced as by-products in industrial processes such as the acid vat treatment (pickling) of steel):

Oxidation of Fe metal in the Laux process where nitrobenzene is treated with iron metal using FeCl2 as a catalyst to produce aniline:C6H5NO2 + 3 Fe + 2 H2O   →   C6H5NH2 + Fe3O4Oxidation of FeII compounds, e.g. the precipitation of iron(II) salts as hydroxides followed by oxidation by aeration where careful control of the pH determines the oxide produced.Reduction of Fe2O3 with hydrogen:
3Fe2O3 + H2 → 2Fe3O4 +H2OReduction of Fe2O3 with CO:
3Fe2O3 + CO → 2Fe3O4 + CO2Production of nano-particles can be performed chemically by taking for example mixtures of FeII and FeIII salts and mixing them with alkali to precipitate colloidal Fe3O4.