Selected causes
Traumatic: blunt or perforating trauma to the stomach, bowel, spleen, liver, or kidney
Inflammatory:
Infections such as appendicitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, pyelonephritis, Peritonitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, hepatitis, mesenteric adenitis, or a subdiaphragmatic abscess
Perforation of a peptic ulcer, a diverticulum, or the caecum
Complications of inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohns disease or ulcerative colitis
Mechanical:
Small bowel obstruction secondary to adhesions caused by previous surgeries, intussusception, hernias, benign or malignant neoplasms
Large bowel obstruction caused by colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, volvulus, fecal impaction or hernia
Vascular: occlusive intestinal ischemia, usually caused by thromboembolism of the superior mesenteric artery

By system
A more extensive list includes the following:
Gastrointestinal
GI tract
Inflammatory: gastroenteritis, appendicitis, gastritis, esophagitis, diverticulitis, Crohns disease, ulcerative colitis, microscopic colitis
Obstruction: hernia, intussusception, volvulus, post-surgical adhesions, tumors, severe constipation, hemorrhoids
Vascular: embolism, thrombosis, hemorrhage, sickle cell disease, abdominal angina, blood vessel compression (such as celiac artery compression syndrome), superior mesenteric artery syndrome, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Digestive: peptic ulcer, lactose intolerance, celiac disease, food allergies, indigestion
Glands
Bile system
Inflammatory: cholecystitis, cholangitis
Obstruction: cholelithiasis, tumours
Liver
Inflammatory: hepatitis, liver abscess
Pancreatic
Inflammatory: pancreatitis
Renal and urological
Inflammation: pyelonephritis, bladder infection
Obstruction: kidney stones, urolithiasis, urinary retention, tumours
Vascular: left renal vein entrapment
Gynaecological or obstetric
Inflammatory: pelvic inflammatory disease
Mechanical: ovarian torsion
Endocrinological: menstruation, Mittelschmerz
Tumors: endometriosis, fibroids, ovarian cyst, ovarian cancer
Pregnancy: ruptured ectopic pregnancy, threatened abortion
Abdominal wall
muscle strain or trauma
muscular infection
neurogenic pain: herpes zoster, radiculitis in Lyme disease, abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES), tabes dorsalis
Referred pain
from the thorax: pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, ischemic heart disease, pericarditis
from the spine: radiculitis
from the genitals: testicular torsion
Metabolic disturbance
uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, porphyria, C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency, adrenal insufficiency, lead poisoning, black widow spider bite, narcotic withdrawal
Blood vessels
aortic dissection, abdominal aortic aneurysm
Immune system
sarcoidosis
vasculitis
familial Mediterranean fever
Idiopathic
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)(affecting up to 20% of the population, IBS is the most common cause of recurrent and intermittent abdominal pain)

By location
The location of abdominal pain can provide information about what may be causing the pain.
Results from a systematic literature review further supports this as a majority of childhood cases of perianal streptococcal cellulitis occurred in males younger than 7 years old.While traditionally thought to be a disease specific to children, there have been case reports of perianal streptococcal dermatitis in adults. Etymology
The term perianal is made up of two components, peri- (Greek prefix meaning "about" or "around") and anal ("related to, or involving the anus"). Cellulitis describes a bacterial infection affecting the lower layers of the skin.Historically, perianal cellulitis may be referred to as perianal streptococcal dermatitis. However, perianal cellulitis is best understood to be a cellulitis, an infection of the inner layers of skin, rather than a dermatitis, which implies an irritation of the outermost layers of skin (the epidermis). See also
List of cutaneous conditions
CDC List of Group A Streptococcal Diseases

References


== External links ==