The Ashes originated as a result of a satirical obituary published in a British newspaper, The Sporting Times, in 1882 after a match at The Oval in which Australia beat England on an English ground for the first time. The obituary stated that English cricket had died, and the body would be cremated and the ashes taken to Australia. The English press dubbed the next English tour to Australia (1882–83) as the quest to regain The Ashes. During that tour a small terracotta urn was presented to England captain Ivo Bligh by a group of Melbourne women. The urn is reputed to contain the ashes of one or two bails. Asking rate
see required run rate

Attacking field
A fielding configuration in which more fielders are close in to the pitch so as to take catches more readily, at the risk of allowing more runs to be scored. Attacking shot
An aggressive or strong hit by the batsman designed to score runs. Audi
Two consecutive pairs, or four consecutive ducks. The term alludes to Audi, a German car manufacturer, whose logo is four linked rings. Average
1.  see batting average
2.  see bowling average

Away swing
see outswing

B
Back foot
1. When batting, the foot that is closest to the stumps. For a right-hand batsmans stance, the back foot is the right foot; for a left-hand batsman it is the left foot. 2. When bowling, the foot which contacts the ground before the front foot i.e. the back foot is the second contact before the ball is released.
Legius syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by cafe au lait spots. It was first described in 2007 and is often mistaken for neurofibromatosis type I (NF-1). It is caused by mutations in the SPRED1 gene. It is also known as neurofibromatosis type 1-like syndrome (NFLS). Symptoms and signs
Nearly all individuals with Legius syndrome show multiple café au lait spots on their skin. Symptoms may include:
Freckles in the axillary and inguinal skin fold
Lipomas, developing in adulthood
Macrocephaly
Learning disabilities
ADHD
Developmental delayFeatures common in neurofibromatosis – like Lisch nodules (iris hamartomas diagnosed on slit lamp exam), bone abnormalities, neurofibromas, optic pathway gliomas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors – are absent in Legius syndrome. Cause
Legius syndrome is a phakomatosis and a RASopathy, a developmental syndrome due to germline mutations in genes. The condition is autosomal dominant in regards to inheritance and caused by mutations to the SPRED1 gene at chromosome 15, specifically 15q14 (or (GRCh38): 15:38,252,086-38,357,248). The gene in question demonstrates almost 100 mutations. Mechanism
A mutated SPRED1 protein adversely regulates Ras-MAPK signaling, which is a chain of proteins in a cell that sends signals from the surface of a cell to the nucleus which in turn causes the symptoms of this condition. Diagnosis
Genetic testing is necessary to identify the syndrome. The DNA test is necessary sometimes, because symptoms may not be sufficient to definitely diagnose this condition.