Side effects
Side effects included nausea, vomiting, insomnia, loss of appetite, increased erythrocyte sedimentation, EKG and EEG anomalies, epigastric pain, diarrhea, constipation, vertigo, orthostatic hypotension, edema of the lower extremities, dysarthria, tremor, psychomotor agitation, mental confusion, inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, increased transaminases, seizure, (there were three cases worldwide, and most animal studies [and clinical trials that included epilepsy patients] indicated the presence of anticonvulsant properties, so was not completely contraindicated in epilepsy) and increased libido. Interactions
Viloxazine increased plasma levels of phenytoin by an average of 37%. It also was known to significantly increase plasma levels of theophylline and decrease its clearance from the body, sometimes resulting in accidental overdose of theophylline. Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
Viloxazine acts as a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and this is believed to be responsible for its therapeutic effectiveness in the treatment of conditions like ADHD and depression. The affinities (KD) of viloxazine at the human monoamine transporters are 155 to 630 nM for the norepinephrine transporter (NET), 17,300 nM for the serotonin transporter (SERT), and >100,000 nM for the dopamine transporter (DAT). Viloxazine has negligible affinity for a variety of assessed receptors, including the serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors, the dopamine D2 receptor, the α1- and α2-adrenergic receptors, the histamine H1 receptor, and the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (all >10,000 nM).More recent research has found that the pharmacodynamics of viloxazine may be more complex than previously assumed.
Hydrochlorothiazide/triamterene, also known as co-triamterzide, is a fixed-dose combination medication of hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene. It is used to treat high blood pressure and edema (swelling). Specifically it is used in those who develop low blood potassium (hypokalemia) when on only hydrochlorothiazide. It is taken by mouth.Side effects may include nausea, trouble sleeping, dizziness, feeling light headed with standing, kidney problems, allergies, and muscle cramps. Other serious side effects may include high blood potassium. Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is not generally recommended. Use in those with significant kidney problems is not recommended. It decreases blood pressure mainly by hydrochlorothiazide while triamterene decreases the amount of potassium lost.The combination was approved for medical use in the United States in 1965. In 2019, it was the 115th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 5 million prescriptions. References
External links
"Hydrochlorothiazide mixture with triamterene". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.