About a third of North Americans over 55 experience tinnitus. Tinnitus affects one third of adults at some time in their lives, whereas ten to fifteen percent are disturbed enough to seek medical evaluation. 70 million people in Europe are estimated to have tinnitus. Children
Tinnitus is commonly thought of as a symptom of adulthood, and is often overlooked in children. Children with hearing loss have a high incidence of pediatric tinnitus, even though they do not express the condition or its effect on their lives. Children do not generally report tinnitus spontaneously and their complaints may not be taken seriously. Among those children who do complain of tinnitus, there is an increased likelihood of associated otological or neurological pathology such as migraine, juvenile Menieres disease or chronic suppurative otitis media. Its reported prevalence varies from 12% to 36% in children with normal hearing thresholds and up to 66% in children with a hearing loss and approximately 3–10% of children have been reported to be troubled by tinnitus. See also
References
External links

Tinnitus at Curlie
Baguley, David; Andersson, Gerhard; McFerran, Don; McKenna, Laurence (2013) [2004]. Tinnitus: A Multidisciplinary Approach (2nd ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-9989-6. LCCN 2012032714. OCLC 712915603. Langguth, B; Hajak, G; Kleinjung, T; Cacace, A; Møller, AR, eds. (2007). Tinnitus: pathophysiology and treatment. Progress in brain research no. 166 (1st ed.). Amsterdam; Boston: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-53167-4. LCCN 2012471552. OCLC 648331153. Retrieved 5 November 2012. Alt URL
Møller, Aage R; Langguth, Berthold; Ridder, Dirk;  et al., eds. (2011). Textbook of Tinnitus. New York: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-145-5. ISBN 978-1-60761-144-8.
Race
Although pseudoporphyria has no predilection toward any one race, it has been shown that fair-skinned children who are highly prone to sunburn are more likely to develop naproxen-induced pseudoporphyria than those children with skin types III or higher. Wallace et al. demonstrated that even in the absence of a history of blistering, children with light skin and blue or green eyes are at an increased risk of developing shallow scars on the face while taking naproxen. Causes
Pseudoporphyria can be induced by a wide range of medications, excessive UV-A exposure, and hemodialysis. One frequently reported drug is naproxen. A frequent source of UV-A exposure is tanning booths. As recognition of pseudoporphyria increases and the number of new medications expands, the list of etiologic agents associated with pseudoporphyria will most likely continue to grow. Agents associated with pseudoporphyria are as follows:
Propionic acid derivatives (NSAIDs) - naproxen, diflunisal, ketoprofen, oxaprozin, mefenamic acid, rofecoxib
Ketone NSAID-nabumetone
Antibiotics - nalidixic acid, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, ampicillin-sulbactam, cefepime, fluoroquinolones (M Poh, personal communication, June 1999)
Antifungals - voriconazole
Diuretics - furosemide, chlorthalidone, butamide, triamterene/hydrochlorothiazide
Antiarrhythmics - amiodarone
Chemotherapy - 5-fluorouracil
Immunosuppressants - cyclosporine
Sulfones - dapsone
Vitamins - brewers yeast, pyridoxine
Vitamin A derivatives - etretinate, isotretinoin
Muscle relaxants - carisoprodol/aspirin
Nonsteroidal antiandrogens - flutamide
Other - hemodialysis, excessive UV-A, cola, oral contraceptive pills (levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol), narrowband UV-B phototherapy (rarely)

Pathophysiology
The precise pathophysiologic mechanism of pseudoporphyria is not fully understood. Some drugs, especially non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, can trigger pseudoporphyria in the presence of ultraviolet light. The pathophysiology of pseudoporphyria associated with hemodialysis has not been fully explained. Aluminum hydroxide has been implicated in hemodialysis-associated pseudoporphyria.