Tafenoquine, sold under the brand name Krintafel among others, is a medication used to prevent and to treat malaria. With respect to acute malaria, it is used together with other medications to prevent relapse by Plasmodium vivax. It may be used to prevent all types of malaria. It is taken by mouth.Common side effects include vomiting, headache, and dizziness. Other side effects may include methemoglobinemia, trouble sleeping, and anaphylaxis. In people with G6PD deficiency, red blood cell breakdown may occur. Use in pregnancy is not recommended. Tafenoquine is in the 8-aminoquinoline family of medications. How it works is unclear but it is effective both in the liver and bloodstream. A possible mechanism of action and other novel perspectives have been published.Tafenoquine was approved for medical use in Australia and in the United States in 2018. Tafenoquine is related to primaquine. Medical use
Prevention
Tafenoquine may be used to prevent all types of malaria. For this use 200 mg 3 days before travel then 200 mg per week until one week after travel is recommended. Treatment
Tafenoquine is used for eliminating the hypnozoite stage of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale that is responsible for relapse of these malarial infections, even when the blood stages are successfully cleared. Primaquine for 14 days can also be used for this. The advantage of tafenoquine is that it has a long half-life (2–3 weeks) and therefore a single treatment is sufficient. For this use, a single dose of 300 mg is recommended.
The diffuse leprosy of Lucio and Latapí, also known as diffuse lepromatous leprosy or "pretty leprosy" is a clinical variety of lepromatous leprosy. It was first described by Lucio and Alvarado in 1852 and re-identified by Latapí in 1936. It is common in Mexico (23% of leprosy cases) and in Costa Rica and very rare in other countries. History
The spotted or lazarine leprosy was first described by Ladislao de la Pascua in 1844. Lucio and Alvarado published a description of the disease with the same names in 1852. Latapí re-described it in 1938 and reported it as spotted leprosy of Lucio in 1948. It was named the diffuse leprosy of Lucio and Latapí in 1963 by Frenken. The underlying pathology was explained by Chévez-Zamora as a diffuse generalised cutaneous infiltration. He named it pure and primitive diffuse lepromatosis, upon which necrotising lesions develop. He proposed the name Fenómeno de Lucio or erythema necrotisans for these lesions. Clinical features
This condition is characterized by:
a diffuse infiltration of all the skin which never transforms into nodule
a complete alopecia of eyebrows and eyelashes and body hair
an anhydrotic and dysesthesic zones of the skin
a peculiar type of lepra reaction named Lucios phenomenon or necrotic erythemaLucios phenomenon consists of well-shaped erythematous spots which later become necrotic with scabs, ulcerations and scars. These lesions are usually located on the lower extremities and may be extensive. They are frequently painful and rarely fatal. Pathology
The main pathological features of this disease are a vasculitis affecting all cutaneous vessels.