When used as a label for the audiological condition, it is written with a lower case d.There also multiple educational institutions for both deaf and Deaf people, that usually use sign language as the main language of instruction. Famous institutions include Gallaudet University and the National Technical Institute for the Deaf in the US, and the National University Corporation of Tsukuba University of Technology in Japan. Research
Stem cell transplant and gene therapy
A 2005 study achieved successful regrowth of cochlea cells in guinea pigs. However, the regrowth of cochlear hair cells does not imply the restoration of hearing sensitivity, as the sensory cells may or may not make connections with neurons that carry the signals from hair cells to the brain. A 2008 study has shown that gene therapy targeting Atoh1 can cause hair cell growth and attract neuronal processes in embryonic mice. Some hope that a similar treatment will one day ameliorate hearing loss in humans.Recent research, reported in 2012 achieved growth of cochlear nerve cells resulting in hearing improvements in gerbils, using stem cells. Also reported in 2013 was regrowth of hair cells in deaf adult mice using a drug intervention resulting in hearing improvement. The Hearing Health Foundation in the US has embarked on a project called the Hearing Restoration Project. Also Action on Hearing Loss in the UK is also aiming to restore hearing.Researchers reported in 2015 that genetically deaf mice which were treated with TMC1 gene therapy recovered some of their hearing.
Miosis, or myosis (from Ancient Greek  μύειν (múein) to close the eyes), is excessive constriction of the pupil. The opposite condition, mydriasis, is the dilation of the pupil. Anisocoria is the condition of one pupil being more dilated than the other. Causes
Age
Senile miosis (a reduction in the size of a persons pupil in old age)

Diseases
Horners syndrome
Hemorrhage into pons (intracranial hemorrhage)
Hereditary disorders
Cluster headaches with ptosis
Iridocyclitis
Fatal familial insomnia
Aphakia

Drugs
Opioids such as fentanyl, morphine, heroin and methadone (the notable exception being pethidine)
Products containing nicotine such as cigarettes, chewing tobacco or gum. Imidazolines such as clonidine, naphazoline, oxymetazoline and tetrahydrozoline
Antipsychotics, including risperidone, haloperidol, chlorpromazine, olanzapine, quetiapine
Cholinergic agents such as acetylcholine
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Serotonin antagonists, such as Ondansetron (an anti-emetic) known by its brand name Zofran
Some cancer chemotherapy drugs, including camptothecin derivatives
Mirtazapine, a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA)
Some MAO Inhibitors. Pilocarpine eye drops and all other parasympathomimetics
In some rare cases, when exposed to mustard gas
Organophosphates

Physiology of the photomotor reflex
Light entering the eye strikes three different photoreceptors in the retina: the familiar rods and cones used in image forming and the more newly discovered photosensitive ganglion cells. The ganglion cells give information about ambient light levels, and react sluggishly compared to the rods and cones. Signals from photosensitive ganglion cells have multiple functions including acute suppression of the hormone melatonin, entrainment of the bodys circadian rhythms and regulation of the size of the pupil. The retinal photoceptors convert light stimuli into electric impulses.