The most common approach for mild cases is simply reassurance and topical treatment with calcium-channel blocker (diltiazem, nifedipine) ointment, salbutamol inhalation and topical nitroglycerine. For persistent cases, local anesthetic blocks, clonidine or botulinum toxin injections can be considered. Supportive treatments directed at aggravating factors include high-fiber diet, withdrawal of drugs which have gut effects (e.g., drugs that provoke or worsen constipation including narcotics and oral calcium channel blockers; drugs that provoke or worsen diarrhea including quinidine, theophylline, and antibiotics), warm baths, rectal massage, perineal strengthening exercises, anticholinergic agents, non-narcotic analgesics, sedatives or muscle relaxants such as diazepam. In patients who have frequent, severe, prolonged attacks, inhaled salbutamol has been shown in some studies to reduce their duration.Traditional remedies have ranged from warm baths (if the pain lasts long enough), warm to hot enemas, and relaxation techniques. References
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In T. brauni and T. glomerata, gerbils are the intermediate host. T. brauni and T. glomerate larvae tend to inhabit the muscles. Intermediate hosts can be infected with either chronic or acute coenurosis. Chronic coenurosis is the more common form, and it occurs primarily in young sheep. In wild animals
Although coenurosis is more commonly associated with domestic animals, it has also been documented in wildlife, such as in mountain ungulates in the French Alps. It is believed that the ungulates are being contaminated by infected sheep. Understanding how this disease is transmitted from sheep to wild animals is important in managing the spread of this potentially dangerous zoonotic disease. A potential management strategy would be for farmers to dispose of animal carcasses found on their land. In Ethiopia, gelada monkeys with coenurosis were found to have higher mortality and lower reproductive success. See also
Coenurosis in humans
Taeniasis

References
External links
Stanford University: Coenurosis