Lupus erythematosus is a collection of autoimmune diseases in which the human immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks healthy tissues. Symptoms of these diseases can affect many different body systems, including joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart, and lungs. The most common and most severe form is systemic lupus erythematosus. Signs and symptoms
Symptoms vary from person to person, and may come and go. Almost everyone with lupus has joint pain and swelling. Some develop arthritis. Frequently affected joints are the fingers, hands, wrists, and knees. Other common symptoms include:

chest pain during respiration
joint pain (stiffness and swelling)
painless oral ulcer
fatigue
weight loss
headaches
fever with no other cause
Skin lesions that appear worse after sun exposure
general discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise)
hair loss
sensitivity to sunlight
a "butterfly" facial rash, seen in about half of people with SLE
swollen lymph nodes

Photosensitivity
Photosensitivity is the amount to which an object reacts upon receiving photons especially in visible light. Photosensitivity is a known symptom of lupus, but its relationship to and influence on other aspects of the disease remain to be defined. Causes of photosensitivity may include:

change in autoantibody location
cytotoxicity
induction of apoptosis with autoantigens in apoptotic blebs
upregulation of adhesion molecules and cytokines
induction of nitric oxide synthase expression
ultraviolet-generated antigenic DNA

Genetics
It is typically believed that lupus is influenced by multiple genes. Lupus is usually influenced by gene polymorphisms, 30 of which have now been linked with the disorder. Some of these polymorphisms have been linked very tentatively, however, as the role that they play or the degree to which they influence the disease is unknown.
Smokers melanosis is found in India, Italy, Japan, Nigeria, Sweden, Turkey, USA, and several other countries.Smokers melanosis is expected to be found also in other tissue surfaces exposed to tobacco and tobacco smoke, for instance lips and in skin of the fingers holding the cigarette. Future studies will also show if the use of tobacco exaggerates the pigmentation of skin. Gallery
See also
Melanosis coli
Peutz–Jeghers syndrome
Stomatitis nicotina
Smokeless tobacco keratosis

References
External links

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