Types
volvulus neonatorum
volvulus of the small intestine
midgut volvulus (due to intestinal malrotation)
volvulus of the caecum (cecum), also cecal volvulus
sigmoid colon volvulus (sigmoid volvulus)
volvulus of the transverse colon
volvulus of the splenic flexure, the rarest
gastric volvulus
ileosigmoid knot

Diagnosis
After taking a thorough history, the diagnosis of colonic volvulus is usually easily included in the differential diagnosis. Abdominal plain x-rays are commonly confirmatory for a volvulus, especially if a "bent inner tube" sign or a "coffee bean" sign are seen. These refer to the shape of the air-filled closed loop of colon which forms the volvulus. Should the diagnosis be in doubt, a barium enema may be used to demonstrate a "birds beak" at the point where the segment of proximal bowel and distal bowel rotate to form the volvulus.This area shows an acute and sharp tapering and looks like a birds beak. If a perforation is suspected, barium should not be used due to its potentially lethal effects when distributed throughout the free intraperitoneal cavity. Gastrografin, which is safer, can be substituted for barium.The differential diagnosis includes the much more common constricting or obstructing carcinoma. In approximately 80 percent of colonic obstructions, invasive carcinoma is found to be the cause of the obstruction. This is usually easily diagnosed with endoscopic biopsies. Diverticulitis is a common condition with different presentations. Although diverticulitis may be the source of a colonic obstruction, it more commonly causes an ileus, which appears to be a colonic obstruction.
If identified early, before presumed intestinal wall ischemia has resulted in tissue breakdown and necrosis, the cecal volvulus can be detorsed laparoscopically. It has been associated to several diseases, including Huntingtons disease. Other
Laparotomy for other forms of volvulus, especially anal volvulus. References
External links

CT of an abdomen with sigmoid volvulus