Sodoku (鼠毒) is a bacterial zoonotic disease. It is caused by the Gram-negative rod Spirillum minus (also known as Spirillum minor). It is a form of rat-bite fever (RBF). Signs and symptoms
The initial scratch or wound caused by a bite from a carrier rodent results in mild inflammatory reactions and ulcerations. The wounds may heal initially, but reappear with the onset of symptoms. The symptoms include recurring fever, with body temperature 101–104°F (38–40°C). The fever lasts for 2–4 days, but recurs generally at 4–8 weeks. This cycle may continue for months or years. The other symptoms include regional lymphadenitis, malaise, and headache. The complications include myocarditis, endocarditis, hepatitis, splenomegaly, and meningitis. Causes
The infections are acquired through rat bites or scratches. It can occur as nosocomial infections (i.e., acquired from hospitals), or due to exposure or close associations with animals preying on rats, mice, squirrels, etc. Sodoku is mostly seen in Asia and Africa. Local transmission has been reported in US. The incubation period is 4 to 28 days. Prognosis
Mortality is 6–10%. References


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Rheumatoid disease did not develop in this latter variant.Today, a primarily auto-immune cause predominates literature with speculation that IH may be an inherited conditionOn the basis that IH is periodic in its presentation, early researchers proposed links with malaria where symptoms are also cyclical, even though the two have different duration cycles. Treatment with quinine (and arsenic) compounds were trialled with little benefit. Links to other infectious disease have also been posited over the years. These included Brucella, gonorrhoea, and syphilis.Adrenaline injections, mercury, various hormone treatments (ovarian extracts, growth hormone, stilboestrol), and ergotamine tartrate are among other treatments at some time used without significant or long-term benefit. Physiotherapy, surgery, exclusion diets (following allergen testing) have similarly shown no particular success in early reports of IH. References


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