Mammography is usually the first imaging test to be ordered when unusual breast changes are found during a clinical breast examination. A diagnostic mammography consists of X-ray series that provide clear and specific visualization areas in the breast. Ultrasounds and MRIs are commonly performed in conjunction with mammographies as they produce clear images of the breast that clearly distinguish between solid masses and fluid-filled breast cysts. These can better evaluate dense breast tissue; specially in young patients, under 30 years. Biopsy
Breast biopsy is a test used to confirm the suspected diagnosis, only after imaging tests have already been performed and revealed unusual looking areas. The procedure consists in removing a sample of breast tissue which is then studied by a pathologist under a microscope. The specialist analyzing the tissue sample will be able to conclude if the breast changes are benign or malignant. There are four main types of procedures for breast biopsy that may be performed, these include: fine-needle, core-needle, stereotactic biopsy and surgical approach. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy is usually ordered when the doctor is almost certain that the lump is a cyst. This test is generally performed in conjunction with an ultrasound which is helpful in guiding the needle into a small or hard to find lump. The procedure consists in inserting a thin needle into the breast tissue while the lump is palpated and seen live under sonographic ultrasound waves. The core-needle biopsy is normally performed under local anesthesia and in a physicians office.
Fovilles syndrome is caused by the blockage of the perforating branches of the basilar artery in the region of the brainstem known as the pons. It is most frequently caused by vascular disease or tumors involving the dorsal pons. Structures affected by the infarct are the dorsal pons(pontine tegmentum) which comprises paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF), nuclei of cranial nerves VI and VII, corticospinal tract, medial lemniscus, and the medial longitudinal fasciculus. There is involvement of the fifth to eighth cranial nerves, central sympathetic fibres (Horner syndrome) and horizontal gaze palsy. Presentation
This produces ipsilateral horizontal gaze palsy and facial nerve palsy and contralateral hemiparesis, hemisensory loss, and internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Diagnosis
Treatment
History
Fovilles syndrome was initially described by Achille-Louis Foville, a French physician, in 1859. References


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