Regional details
The following are the countries with the most cases of assault according to the United Nations in 2018. Australia
The term assault, when used in legislation, commonly refers to both common assault and battery, even though the two offences remain distinct. Common assault involves intentionally or recklessly causing a person to apprehend the imminent infliction of unlawful force, whilst battery refers to the actual infliction of force.Each state has legislation relating to the act of assault, and offences against the act that constitute assault are heard in the magistrates court of that state or indictable offences are heard in a district or supreme court of that state. The legislation that defines assault of each state outline what the elements are that make up the assault, where the assault is sectioned in legislation or criminal codes, and the penalties that apply for the offence of assault.In New South Wales, the Crimes Act 1900 defines a range of assault offences deemed more serious than common assault and which attract heavier penalties.
Hereditary angiopathy with nephropathy, aneurysms and muscle cramps syndrome is a rare genetic, multisystemic, COL4A1-related disorder, it is characterized by angiopathy, nephropathy, hematuria, development of kidney cysts, intracranial aneurysms (which have the potential to burst), childhood-onset muscle cramps, urinal, heart and ocular problems. Half of the people with this disorder (50%) have leukoencephalopathy, while a very small number of people with this disorder have Raynauds phenomenon. Causes
This syndrome is caused by mutations in the COL4A1 gene, on the chromosome 13q34, this gene provides instructions for making one of the components necessary for the formation of a protein called type IV collagen, this protein is one of the main components for basement membranes throughout the body.The mutations of the gene causes the production of a protein that alters the structure of collagen type IV, because of this, the collagen molecules cant attach themselves to the basement membranes, and, without these networks, they turn unstable and thus weaken surrounding tissues, explaining the weakening of vasculature of ocular, renal, cerebral and muscular tissues.This disorder run in families following an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern

Epidemiology
Although the exact prevalence of this disorder isnt known, only six families affected by this disorder have been recorded in medical literature. == References ==