Doppler ultrasound to assess blood flow
Full blood count may reveal a normocytic anaemia suggesting the anaemia of chronic disease or kidney failure. Blood test for urea and electrolytes may reveal kidney impairment. Thyroid function tests may reveal hypothyroidism. Tests for rheumatoid factor, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and autoantibody screening may reveal specific causative illnesses or an inflammatory process. Anti-centromere antibodies are common in limited systemic sclerosis (CREST syndrome). Nail fold vasculature (capillaroscopy) can be examined under a microscope.To aid in the diagnosis of Raynauds phenomenon, multiple sets of diagnostic criteria have been proposed. Table 1 below provides a summary of these various diagnostic criteria.Recently, International Consensus Criteria were developed for the diagnosis of primary Raynauds phenomenon by a panel of  experts in the fields of rheumatology and dermatology. Management
Secondary Raynauds is managed primarily by treating the underlying cause, and as primary Raynauds, avoiding triggers, such as cold, emotional and environmental stress, vibrations and repetitive motions, and avoiding smoking (including passive smoking) and sympathomimetic drugs. Medications
Medications can be helpful for moderate or severe disease. Vasodilators – calcium channel blockers, such as the dihydropyridines nifedipine or amlodipine, preferably slow-release preparations – are often first-line treatment. They have the common side effects of headache, flushing, and ankle edema, but these are not typically of sufficient severity to require cessation of treatment. The limited evidence available shows that calcium-channel blockers are only slightly effective in reducing how often the attacks happen.
Other causes of hypoglycemia include kidney failure, certain tumors (such as insulinoma), liver disease, hypothyroidism, starvation, inborn error of metabolism, severe infections, reactive hypoglycemia and a number of drugs including alcohol. Low blood sugar may occur in otherwise healthy babies who have not eaten for a few hours. == References ==