Therefore, renal tumors without a Doppler signal, which are not obvious simple cysts on US and CT, should be further investigated with contrast-enhanced ultrasound, as this is more sensitive than both Doppler US and CT for the detection of hypovascular tumors. Spinal
The increasing use of MRI, often during diagnostic work-up for back or lower extremity pain, has led to a significant increase in the number of incidental findings that are most often clinically inconsequential. The most common include:
vertebral hemangioma
fibrolipoma (a lipoma with fibrous areas)
Tarlov cystSometimes normally asymptomatic findings can present with symptoms and these cases when identified cannot then be considered as incidentalomas. Criticism
The concept of the "incidentaloma" has been criticized, as such lesions do not have much in common other than the history of an incidental identification and the assumption that they are clinically inert. It has been proposed just to say that such lesions have been "incidentally found." The underlying pathology shows no unifying histological concept. == References ==
Myxedema coma is an extreme or decompensated form of hypothyroidism and while uncommon, is potentially lethal. A person may have laboratory values identical to a "normal" hypothyroid state, but a stressful event (such as an infection, myocardial infarction, or stroke) precipitates the myxedema coma state, usually in the elderly. Primary symptoms of myxedema coma are altered mental status and low body temperature. Low blood sugar, low blood pressure, hyponatremia, hypercapnia, hypoxia, slowed heart rate, and hypoventilation may also occur. Myxedema, although included in the name, is not necessarily seen in myxedema coma. Coma is also not necessarily seen in myxedema coma.According to newer theories, myxedema coma could result from allostatic overload in a situation where the effects of hypothyroidism are amplified by nonthyroidal illness syndrome. Causes
Myxedema coma represents an extreme or decompensated form of hypothyroidism. Most cases occur in patients who have been previously diagnosed with hypothyroidism, yet in some cases, hypothyroidism may not have been previously identified. Common precipitating factors of myxedema coma include:

Hypothermia, especially during winter months
Metabolic disruption including hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, acidosis, and hypercalcemia
Respiratory compromise including hypoxemia and hypercapnia
Infections including pneumonia, cellulitis, and urosepsis
Congestive heart failure
Cerebrovascular accidents
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Trauma, motor vehicle accidents, and fractures
Medications including anesthetics, sedatives, tranquilizers, narcotics, amiodarone, and lithium
Withdrawal of thyroid supplements, especially in relation to a hospitalizationOther precipitating factors include:

Other medications including beta-blockers, diuretics, phenothiazines, phenytoin, rifampin, anti-TNF therapy
Burns
Influenza
Surgery
Consumption of raw bok choy
Diabetic ketoacidosis after total thyroidectomy

Pathophysiology
The thyroid gland is responsible for regulating whole-body metabolism through the production of two major hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).