Diagnosis
In the diagnosis of pulmonary insufficiency both echocardiograms and ECG is used to ascertain if the individual has this condition, as well as, the use of a chest x-ray to expose enlargement of the right atrium or ventricle. Treatment
In treating pulmonary insufficiency, it should be determined if pulmonary hypertension is causing the problem to therefore begin the most appropriate therapy as soon as possible (primary pulmonary hypertension or secondary pulmonary hypertension due to thromboembolism). Furthermore, pulmonary insufficiency is generally treated by addressing the underlying condition, in certain cases, the pulmonary valve may be surgically replaced. See also
Pulmonary valve stenosis

References
Further reading
Lake, Carol L.; Booker, Peter D. (2005-01-01). Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780781751759. Bruce, Charles J.; Connolly, Heidi M. (2009-05-26). "Right-Sided Valve Disease Deserves a Little More Respect". Circulation. 119 (20): 2726–2734. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.776021. ISSN 0009-7322. PMID 19470901. M.D, Steven Lehrer (2011-12-27). Understanding Pediatric Heart Sounds. Steven Lehrer. ISBN 9781468138030. External links
"Problem: Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation". www.heart.org. Retrieved 2015-08-29.
ILM have a calcium regulation system profile suggestive of a better ability to handle calcium changes in comparison to other muscles, and this may provide a mechanistic insight for their unique pathophysiological properties

Clinical significance
Disorders
There are several things that can cause a larynx to not function properly. Some symptoms are hoarseness, loss of voice, pain in the throat or ears, and breathing difficulties. Acute laryngitis is the sudden inflammation and swelling of the larynx. It is caused by the common cold or by excessive shouting. It is not serious. Chronic laryngitis is caused by smoking, dust, frequent yelling, or prolonged exposure to polluted air. It is much more serious than acute laryngitis. Presbylarynx is a condition in which age-related atrophy of the soft tissues of the larynx results in weak voice and restricted vocal range and stamina. Bowing of the anterior portion of the vocal colds is found on laryngoscopy. Ulcers may be caused by the prolonged presence of an endotracheal tube. Polyps and vocal cord nodules are small bumps caused by prolonged exposure to tobacco smoke and vocal misuse, respectively. Two related types of cancer of the larynx, namely squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma, are strongly associated with repeated exposure to cigarette smoke and alcohol. Vocal cord paresis is weakness of one or both vocal cords that can greatly impact daily life. Idiopathic laryngeal spasm. Laryngopharyngeal reflux is a condition in which acid from the stomach irritates and burns the larynx. Similar damage can occur with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).