Maternal death can result from uterine rupture, complications during caesarean section, or sepsis. Epidemiology
In 2013 it resulted in 19,000 maternal deaths down from 29,000 deaths in 1990. Globally, obstructed labor accounts for 8% of maternal deaths. Etymology
The word dystocia means difficult labour. Its antonym is eutocia (Ancient Greek: εὖ, romanized: eu, lit. good + Ancient Greek: τόκος, romanized: tókos, lit. childbirth) easy labour. Other terms for obstructed labour include difficult labour, abnormal labour, difficult childbirth, abnormal childbirth, and dysfunctional labour. Other animals
The term can also be used in the context of various animals. Dystocia pertaining to birds and reptiles is also called egg binding. In part due to extensive selective breeding, miniature horse mares experience dystocias more frequently than other breeds. References
Further reading

Education material for teachers of midwifery : midwifery education modules (PDF) (2nd ed.). Geneva [Switzerland]: World Health Organization (WHO). 2008. ISBN 9789241546669.
Page kidney or Page phenomena is a potentially reversible form of secondary arterial hypertension caused by external compression of the renal parenchyma by some perirenal process. Any process that causes mass effect can be a potential cause of Page kidney. Hematomas, urinomas, tumors, cysts, lymphoceles, and aneurysms have all been reported in the literature. The compression is believed to cause activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) via microvascular ischemia.Initially, the majority of cases that were described had a traumatic etiology but this has since shifted to iatrogenic causes. Since Page kidney is primarily a unilateral process, symptoms will differ depending on if the patient has native kidneys or not. In patients with only one solitary functioning kidney, the acute hypertension will also be accompanied by an acute decrease in renal function. In patients with one functioning kidney, prompt diagnosis and surgical treatment are needed to prevent irreversible kidney damage and restoration of kidney function. Medical treatment involves use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) to control the hypertension. Signs & Symptoms
Since Page kidney is a unilateral process, symptom presentation differs significantly depending on if patients have native kidneys or only one functioning kidney, such as renal transplant recipients. In those with a normally functioning second kidney, the only symptom may be new-onset hypertension. However, this is in contrast to patients with just one functioning kidney. These patients will show signs of worsening renal function and decreased urine output in addition to hypertension.