Rapid change of altitude
A rapid change of altitude can cause barotrauma when internal air spaces cannot be equalised. Self inflicted barotrauma
Excessively strenuous efforts to equalise the ears using the Valsalva manoeuvre can overpressurise the middle ear, and can cause middle ear and/or inner ear barotrauma. Blast-induced barotrauma
An explosive blast and explosive decompression create a pressure wave that can induce barotrauma. The difference in pressure between internal organs and the outer surface of the body causes injuries to internal organs that contain gas, such as the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and ear.Lung injuries can also occur during rapid decompression, although the risk of injury is lower than with explosive decompression. Ventilator-induced barotrauma
Mechanical ventilation can lead to barotrauma of the lungs. This can be due to either:
absolute pressures used in order to ventilate non-compliant lungs. shearing forces, particularly associated with rapid changes in gas velocity.The resultant alveolar rupture can lead to pneumothorax, pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) and pneumomediastinum.Barotrauma is a recognised complication of mechanical ventilation that can occur in any patient receiving mechanical ventilation, but is most commonly associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. It used to be the most common complication of mechanical ventilation but can usually be avoided by limiting tidal volume and plateau pressure to less than 30 to 50 cm water column (30 to 50 mb). As an indicator of transalveolar pressure, which predicts alveolar distention, plateau pressure or peak airway pressure (PAP) may be the most effective predictor of risk, but there is no generally accepted safe pressure at which there is no risk.
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See also
Book of Optics
Emmerts law
Lilac chaser
McCollough effect
Motion aftereffect
Neural adaptation
Palinopsia
Persistence of vision
Screen burn-in
Spectropia
Visual perception

Notes
External links

The Palinopsia Foundation is dedicated to increasing awareness of palinopsia, to funding research into the causes, prevention and treatments for palinopsia, and to advocating for the needs of individuals with palinopsia and their families. Eye On Vision Foundation raises money and awareness for persistent visual conditions
Afterimages, a small demonstration. afterimage examples
The Color Dove Illusion