Fin-major and Fin-minor were the first two main genetic mutations identified in Finnish newborns, however, numerous mutations have now been identified in patients all over the world from various ethnic groups. NPHS1 mutations are the most common cause of primary congenital nephrotic syndrome, accounting for 40-80% of cases. NPHS2: This gene encodes for the protein podocin. Patients with this genetic mutation develop nephrotic syndrome in the first few weeks of infancy, but can also manifest symptoms later in life. Urinary protein loss is less severe when compared with the Finnish type. Both nephrin and podocin play important roles in the structure and function of the podocyte filtration slit diaphragm and disease involvement is typically limited to the kidneys
WT1: The Wilms tumor suppressor gene regulates the expression of many genes involved in kidney and urogenital development. Mutations lead to several types of developmental syndromes, including Denys-Drash syndrome, Frasier syndrome, WAGR syndrome (Wilms tumor, aniridia, genitourinary abnormalities, and intellectual disability), and isolated nephrotic syndrome in infants. Depending on the specific syndrome, patients are at risk for Wilms and other tumors, genital abnormalities, and nephrotic syndrome. LAMβ2 (Pierson syndrome): This gene encodes for the protein laminin β2, which helps attach podocytes to the glomerular basement membrane. Patients with Pierson syndrome have eye abnormalities, including nonreactive narrowing of the pupils (microcoria), and neurologic deficits. PLCε1: Codes for the enzyme Phospholipase Cε1, which is expressed in podocytes.
Halog may refer to:

Halog (city), the capital of the former Princely State of Dhami in India
a tradename for Halcinonide
Two islands in the Quiniluban Group in Palawan Province, Philippines

See also
Halogen (disambiguation)