Surgery is indicated when TAE has failed or sepsis present in biliary tree or drainage has failed. References
External links

CT of the abdomen with hemobilia
It can be shown that a sufficient set for estimating the causal effect of 
  
    
      
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   on 
  
    
      
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   is any set of non-descendants of 
  
    
      
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   that 
  
    
      
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  -separate 
  
    
      
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   from 
  
    
      
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   after removing all arrows emanating from 
  
    
      
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  .