Diagnosis
A diagnosis of myopia is typically made by an eye care professional, usually an optometrist or ophthalmologist. During a refraction, an autorefractor or retinoscope is used to give an initial objective assessment of the refractive status of each eye, then a phoropter is used to subjectively refine the patients eyeglass prescription. Other types of refractive error are hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. Types
Various forms of myopia have been described by their clinical appearance:
Simple myopia: Myopia in an otherwise normal eye, typically less than 4.00 to 6.00 diopters. This is the most common form of myopia. Degenerative myopia, also known as malignant, pathological, or progressive myopia, is characterized by marked fundus changes, such as posterior staphyloma, and associated with a high refractive error and subnormal visual acuity after correction. This form of myopia gets progressively worse over time. Degenerative myopia has been reported as one of the main causes of visual impairment. Pseudomyopia is the blurring of distance vision brought about by spasm of the accommodation system. Nocturnal myopia: Without adequate stimulus for accurate accommodation, the accommodation system partially engages, pushing distance objects out of focus. Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM): short-term myopic far point shift immediately following a sustained near visual task. Some authors argue for a link between NITM and the development of permanent myopia. Instrument myopia: over-accommodation when looking into an instrument such as a microscope.
It was granted Breakthrough Therapy, Orphan Drug Status and Fast Track designations by the FDA for Graves ophthalmopathy.Teprotumumab-trbw was approved based on the results of two clinical trials (Trial 1/ NCT01868997 and Trial 2/ NCT03298867) of 170 subjects with active thyroid eye disease who were randomized to either receive teprotumumab-trbw or a placebo. Of the subjects who were administered Tepezza, 71% in Study 1 and 83% in Study 2 demonstrated a greater than two millimeter reduction in proptosis (eye protrusion) as compared to 20% and 10% of subjects who received placebo, respectively. The trials were conducted at 28 sites in Europe and United States.The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted the application for teprotumumab-trbw fast track designation, breakthrough therapy designation, priority review designation, and orphan drug designation. The FDA granted the approval of Tepezza to Horizon Therapeutics Ireland DAC. References
External links
"Teprotumumab". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.