Furthermore, pension receivables or claims could depend on the registration at the government employment agency.In many countries like in Germany, the unemployment rate is based on the number of people who are registered as unemployed. Other countries like the United States use a labour force survey to calculate the unemployment rate.The ILO describes four different methods to calculate the unemployment rate:
Labour Force Sample Surveys are the most preferred method of unemployment rate calculation since they give the most comprehensive results and enables calculation of unemployment by different group categories such as race and gender. This method is the most internationally comparable. Official Estimates are determined by a combination of information from one or more of the other three methods. The use of this method has been declining in favor of labour surveys. Social Insurance Statistics, such as unemployment benefits, are computed base on the number of persons insured representing the total labour force and the number of persons who are insured that are collecting benefits. This method has been heavily criticized because if the expiration of benefits before the person finds work. Employment Office Statistics are the least effective since they include only a monthly tally of unemployed persons who enter employment offices. This method also includes those who are not unemployed by the ILO definition.The primary measure of unemployment, U3, allows for comparisons between countries. Unemployment differs from country to country and across different time periods.
Limb body wall complex (LBWC) is a rare fetal malformation of unknown origins. Traditionally diagnosis has been based on the Van Allen et al., criteria, i.e. the presence of two out of three of the following anomalies:
Exencephaly or encephalocele with facial clefts
Thoraco and or abdominoschisis and
Limb defects.LBWC occurs in approximately 0.32 in 100,000 births.At this time, there is no known cause of Limb Body Wall Complex. However, there have been tentative links made between a diagnosis of LBWC and cocaine use. In addition, current research has shown that there may be a genetic cause for a small limited number of LBWC cases.Limb Body Wall Complex is a lethal birth defect. There are only anecdotal stories of survivors. == References ==