A study done in British rivers supported the hypothesis that the incidence and the severity of intersex wild fish populations were significantly correlated with the concentrations of the E1, E2, and EE2 in the rivers.A review of activated sludge plant performance found estrogen removal rates varied considerably but averaged 78% for estrone, 91% for estradiol, and 76% for ethinylestradiol (estriol effluent concentrations are between those of estrone and estradiol, but estriol is a much less potent endocrine disruptor to fish).Several studies have suggested that reducing human population growth through increased access to contraception, including birth control pills, can be an effective strategy for climate change mitigation as well as adaptation. According to Thomas Wire, contraception is the greenest technology because of its cost-effectiveness in combating global warming — each $7 spent on contraceptives would reduce global carbon emissions by 1 tonne over four decades, while achieving the same result with low-carbon technologies would require $32. See also
Estradiol-containing oral contraceptive
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
List of estrogens available in the United States
List of progestogens available in the United States
Progestogen-only injectable contraceptive

References
Further reading
Black A, Guilbert E, Costescu D, Dunn S, Fisher W, Kives S,  et al. (April 2017). "No. 329-Canadian Contraception Consensus Part 4 of 4 Chapter 9: Combined Hormonal Contraception". Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada. 39 (4): 229–268.e5. doi:10.1016/j.jogc.2016.10.005. PMID 28413042. External links
The Birth Control Pill—CBC Digital Archives
The Birth of the Pill—slide show by Life magazine
A spotted fever is a type of tick-borne disease which presents on the skin. They are all caused by bacteria of the genus Rickettsia. Typhus is a group of similar diseases also caused by Rickettsia bacteria, but spotted fevers and typhus are different clinical entities. Transmission process: When the tick latches on, it needs to be removed under 2 hours. If not noticed or unremoved it takes only 10 hours for the tick to transmit the (disease) to the human.The phrase apparently originated in Spain in the 17th century and was ‘loosely applied in England to typhus or any fever involving petechial eruptions.’ During the 17th and 18th centuries, it was thought to be "cousin-germane" to and herald of the bubonic plague, a disease which periodically afflicted the city of London and its environs during the 16th and 17th centuries, most notably during the Great Plague of 1665.Types of spotted fevers include:
Mediterranean spotted fever
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Queensland tick typhus
Helvetica spotted fever

References


== External links ==