These infections respond to antibiotics but can recur upon discontinuation of antibiotics. Bronchiectasis can develop when severe recurrent pulmonary infections are left untreated. In addition to infections, people with CVID can develop complications. These include:

Autoimmune manifestations, e.g. pernicious anemia, autoimmune haemolytic anemia (AHA), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), psoriasis, vitiligo, rheumatoid arthritis, primary hypothyroidism, atrophic gastritis. Autoimmunity is the main complication in people with CVID, appearing in some form in up to 50% of individuals;
Malignancies, particularly non-Hodgkins lymphoma and gastric carcinoma;
Enteropathy, which manifests with a blunting of intestinal villi and inflammation, and is usually accompanied by symptoms such as abdominal cramps, diarrhea, constipation, and in some cases malabsorption and weight loss. Symptoms of CVID enteropathy are similar to those of celiac disease, but do not respond to a gluten-free diet. Infectious causes must be excluded before a diagnosis of enteropathy can be made, as people with CVID are more susceptible to intestinal infections, e.g. by Giardia lamblia;
Lymphocytic infiltration of tissues, which can cause enlargement of lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), of the spleen (plenomegaly) and of the liver (hepatomegaly), as well as the formation of granulomas. In the lung this is known as granulomatous–lymphocytic interstitial lung disease.Anxiety and depression can occur as a result of dealing with the other symptoms.CVID patients generally complain of severe fatigue.As with any antibody deficiency, the most common types of infections and illnesses involve the ears, sinuses, nose, and lungs. Common infections include:

Pneumonia
Ear infections
Sinusitis
Chronic coughing (lasting from a few weeks to many months)
Gastrointestinal infectionsGastrovascular infections or inflammation are very common for those with CVID.
Balanitis plasmacellularis is a cutaneous condition characterized by a benign inflammatory skin lesion characterized histologically by a plasma cell infiltrate. : 657 A similar condition has been described in women (i.e. "Zoons vulvitis"), although its existence is controversial due to the possibility of diagnostic error in many of the cases that have been reported in the medical literature.It is named for J.J. Zoon, who characterized it in 1952. See also
Balanitis
Pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis
Skin lesion
List of cutaneous conditions

References


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