$$
\begin{array}{l}
U=\{1,2, \cdots, 8\}, \\
A=\{1,2, \cdots, 5\}, \\
B=\{4,5, \cdots, 8\} .
\end{array}
$$

Then the number of subsets of $U$ that are neither subsets of $A$ nor subsets of $B$ is $\qquad$
-, 1. 196.
Since $A \cup B=U, A \cap B=\{4,5\}$, therefore, the elements of the sets that satisfy the condition must include at least one element from $\{1,2,3\}$ and at least one element from $\{6,7,8\}$, and the elements in the set $\{4,5\}$ can be included or not.
Thus, the number of sets that satisfy the condition is
$$
\left(2^{3}-1\right)\left(2^{3}-1\right) \times 2^{2}=196 \text {. }
$$