Let $M$ be a set of $2017$ positive integers. For any subset $A$ of $M$ we define $f(A) := \{x\in M\mid \text{ the number of the members of }A\,,\, x \text{ is multiple of, is odd }\}$. 
Find the minimal natural number $k$, satisfying the condition:  for any $M$, we can color all the subsets of $M$ with $k$ colors, such that whenever $A\neq f(A)$, $A$ and $f(A)$ are colored with different colors.
1. **Understanding the Problem:**
   We need to find the minimal number \( k \) such that for any set \( M \) of 2017 positive integers, we can color all subsets of \( M \) with \( k \) colors. The coloring must satisfy the condition that if \( A \neq f(A) \), then \( A \) and \( f(A) \) are colored differently. Here, \( f(A) \) is defined as the set of elements in \( M \) that are multiples of an odd number of elements in \( A \).

2. **Analyzing the Function \( f(A) \):**
   - For any subset \( A \subseteq M \), \( f(A) \) is constructed by checking each element \( x \in M \) to see if it is a multiple of an odd number of elements in \( A \).
   - This function \( f \) has the property that applying it twice, \( f(f(A)) \), does not necessarily return \( A \).

3. **Cycle Analysis:**
   - Consider a sequence \( A_0, A_1, A_2, \ldots \) where \( A_{i+1} = f(A_i) \).
   - If \( A_i = A_j \) for some \( i \neq j \), then the sequence forms a cycle.
   - We need to ensure that the coloring is such that \( A \) and \( f(A) \) are colored differently if \( A \neq f(A) \).

4. **Primitive Cycle and Poset Analysis:**
   - Let \( A_0, A_1, \ldots, A_{n-1}, A_0 \) be a primitive cycle, meaning \( A_{i+1} = f(A_i) \) and \( A_i \neq A_j \) for \( i \neq j \).
   - Consider the set \( Q \) of maximal elements in the poset \( \left(\bigcup A_i, \mid\right) \). An element is in \( Q \) if it is maximal in each \( A_i \).
   - Define \( R \) as the set of maximal elements in the poset \( \left(\bigcup A_i \setminus Q, \mid\right) \). \( R \) is nonempty due to the non-self-referentiality of the cycle.

5. **Properties of Elements in \( R \):**
   - For any \( r \in R \), we have \( r \in A_i \iff r \not\in A_{i+1} \).
   - This implies that \( n \) (the length of the cycle) must be even, as each element in \( R \) alternates between being in \( A_i \) and not being in \( A_{i+1} \).

6. **Conclusion:**
   - Since \( n \) must be even, we can use 2 colors to color the subsets such that \( A \) and \( f(A) \) are colored differently.
   - Therefore, the minimal number \( k \) satisfying the condition is \( k = 2 \).

The final answer is \( \boxed{2} \)