3.1. A gardener grows white and red flowers: peonies and roses. In his garden, there are 301 stems, among which 135 are roses and 182 are red flowers. What is the smallest number of red peonies that can grow in the gardener's garden?
Answer: 47

Solution. Estimation: The number of red peonies is the difference between the number of red flowers and the number of red roses. The number of red roses is no more than the total number of roses, i.e., no more than 135. Therefore, the number of red peonies is no less than $182-135=47$.

Let's provide an example where the conditions of the problem are met, and the number of red peonies is exactly 47. Suppose there are 47 red peonies, 135 red roses, 0 white roses, and 119 white peonies.