If facilities for division are not available, it is sometimes convenient in determining the decimal expansion of $1/a$, $a>0$, to use the iteration $$x_{k+1}=x_k(2-ax_k), \quad \quad k=0,1,2,\dots ,$$ where $x_0$ is a selected “starting” value. Find the limitations, if any, on the starting values $x_0$, in order that the above iteration converges to the desired value $1/a$.
1. **Initial Setup and Iteration Definition:**
   We are given the iteration formula:
   \[
   x_{k+1} = x_k(2 - ax_k), \quad k = 0, 1, 2, \ldots
   \]
   where \( x_0 \) is the starting value and \( a > 0 \). We need to determine the limitations on \( x_0 \) such that the iteration converges to \( \frac{1}{a} \).

2. **Analyzing the Iteration:**
   Let's analyze the behavior of the iteration. We start by examining the first few iterations:
   \[
   x_1 = x_0(2 - ax_0)
   \]
   \[
   x_2 = x_1(2 - ax_1) = x_0(2 - ax_0)(2 - ax_0(2 - ax_0))
   \]

3. **Condition for Convergence:**
   We need to ensure that the sequence \( \{x_k\} \) converges to \( \frac{1}{a} \). For this, we need \( x_k \) to remain positive and bounded. Let's start by ensuring \( x_0 \) is within a suitable range.

4. **Initial Value Constraints:**
   - If \( 0 < x_0 < \frac{2}{a} \):
     - Clearly, \( 0 < x_1 \) because \( x_1 = x_0(2 - ax_0) \) and \( 2 - ax_0 > 0 \) for \( x_0 < \frac{2}{a} \).
     - We need to show that \( x_1 \leq \frac{1}{a} \). Since \( x_1 = x_0(2 - ax_0) \), we have:
       \[
       x_1 = x_0(2 - ax_0) \leq \frac{1}{a}
       \]
       This simplifies to:
       \[
       x_0(2 - ax_0) \leq \frac{1}{a}
       \]
       \[
       2x_0 - a x_0^2 \leq \frac{1}{a}
       \]
       \[
       a x_0^2 - 2x_0 + \frac{1}{a} \geq 0
       \]
       This is a quadratic inequality in \( x_0 \). Solving the quadratic equation \( a x_0^2 - 2x_0 + \frac{1}{a} = 0 \) gives the roots:
       \[
       x_0 = \frac{2 \pm \sqrt{4 - 4}}{2a} = \frac{1}{a}
       \]
       Since \( 0 < x_0 < \frac{2}{a} \), the inequality holds.

5. **Inductive Step:**
   - By induction, assume \( 0 < x_n \leq \frac{1}{a} \) for some \( n \geq 1 \). Then:
     \[
     x_{n+1} = x_n(2 - ax_n)
     \]
     Since \( 0 < x_n \leq \frac{1}{a} \), we have \( 2 - ax_n \geq 1 \). Thus:
     \[
     x_{n+1} \geq x_n
     \]
     This shows that the sequence \( \{x_k\} \) is increasing and bounded above by \( \frac{1}{a} \).

6. **Monotonicity and Boundedness:**
   - The function \( f(x) = x(2 - ax) \) is increasing on the interval \( \left(0, \frac{1}{a}\right] \). Therefore, the sequence \( \{x_k\} \) is monotonic and bounded, implying it converges to the unique fixed point of \( f(x) \) in this interval, which is \( \frac{1}{a} \).

7. **Conversely:**
   - If \( x_0 \leq 0 \) or \( x_0 \geq \frac{2}{a} \):
     - If \( x_0 = 0 \) or \( x_0 = \frac{2}{a} \), then \( x_n = 0 \) for all \( n \geq 1 \).
     - If \( x_0 > \frac{2}{a} \), then \( x_1 < 0 \). By induction, \( x_n \) will be negative and decreasing, diverging to negative infinity.

The final answer is \( \boxed{ 0 < x_0 < \frac{2}{a} } \)