Determine the radius of a sphere $S$ that passes through the centroids of each face of a given tetrahedron $T$ inscribed in a unit sphere with center $O$. Also, determine the distance from $O$ to the center of $S$ as a function of the edges of $T.$
1. **Define the problem and notation:**
   - Let \( \mathcal{O} \equiv (O, R) \) be the circumsphere of the tetrahedron \( ABCD \) with radius \( R \).
   - Let \( \mathcal{S} \equiv (S, R') \) be the circumsphere of the tetrahedron whose vertices are the centroids \( A', B', C', D' \) of the faces of \( ABCD \).
   - The segments \( AA', BB', CC', DD' \) concur at the centroid \( G \) of \( ABCD \), and \( G \) divides these segments in the ratio \( 1:3 \).

2. **Homothety and radius relationship:**
   - Since the tetrahedra \( A'B'C'D' \) and \( ABCD \) are homothetic with center \( G \) and coefficient \( -\frac{1}{3} \), the radius \( R' \) of the circumsphere \( \mathcal{S} \) is:
     \[
     R' = \frac{1}{3} R
     \]

3. **Distance from \( O \) to \( S \):**
   - The distance from \( O \) to \( S \) is given by:
     \[
     OS = \frac{4}{3} OG
     \]

4. **Leibniz theorem for the circumcenter \( O \) of \( ABCD \):**
   - Let \( a, b, c, d, e, f \) be the edges of \( ABCD \).
   - By Leibniz theorem, the distance \( OG \) from the circumcenter \( O \) to the centroid \( G \) is:
     \[
     OG^2 = \frac{1}{4}(OA^2 + OB^2 + OC^2 + OD^2) - \frac{1}{16}(a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 + e^2 + f^2)
     \]
   - Since \( OA = OB = OC = OD = R \), we have:
     \[
     OG^2 = \frac{1}{4}(4R^2) - \frac{1}{16}(a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 + e^2 + f^2)
     \]
     \[
     OG^2 = R^2 - \frac{1}{16}(a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 + e^2 + f^2)
     \]

5. **Calculate \( OS \):**
   - Using the relationship \( OS = \frac{4}{3} OG \), we get:
     \[
     OS^2 = \left( \frac{4}{3} \right)^2 OG^2
     \]
     \[
     OS^2 = \frac{16}{9} \left( R^2 - \frac{1}{16}(a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 + e^2 + f^2) \right)
     \]
     \[
     OS^2 = \frac{16}{9} R^2 - \frac{1}{9} (a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 + e^2 + f^2)
     \]

The final answer is \( \boxed{ R' = \frac{1}{3} R } \) and \( OS^2 = \frac{16}{9} R^2 - \frac{1}{9} (a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 + e^2 + f^2) \).