There are sixteen buildings all on the same side of a street. How many ways can we choose a nonempty subset of the buildings such that there is an odd number of buildings between each pair of buildings in the subset?

[i]Proposed by Yiming Zheng
1. **Identify the problem constraints**: We need to choose a nonempty subset of buildings such that there is an odd number of buildings between each pair of buildings in the subset. 

2. **Classify the buildings**: There are 16 buildings, which we can label as \( B_1, B_2, \ldots, B_{16} \). We can classify these buildings into two categories: even-numbered buildings (\( B_2, B_4, \ldots, B_{16} \)) and odd-numbered buildings (\( B_1, B_3, \ldots, B_{15} \)).

3. **Subset selection**: 
   - If we choose buildings from the even-numbered set, the buildings are \( B_2, B_4, B_6, \ldots, B_{16} \). 
   - If we choose buildings from the odd-numbered set, the buildings are \( B_1, B_3, B_5, \ldots, B_{15} \).

4. **Ensuring odd gaps**: 
   - For the even-numbered buildings, the gap between any two buildings \( B_{2i} \) and \( B_{2j} \) (where \( i < j \)) is \( 2(j-i) \), which is always even. 
   - For the odd-numbered buildings, the gap between any two buildings \( B_{2i-1} \) and \( B_{2j-1} \) (where \( i < j \)) is \( 2(j-i) \), which is also always even.

5. **Counting subsets**: 
   - For each of the 8 even-numbered buildings, we can either include or exclude it in our subset. This gives us \( 2^8 \) subsets.
   - Similarly, for each of the 8 odd-numbered buildings, we can either include or exclude it in our subset. This also gives us \( 2^8 \) subsets.

6. **Combining the cases**: 
   - We have two independent cases (choosing from even-numbered buildings or odd-numbered buildings), so we add the number of subsets from each case: \( 2^8 + 2^8 \).

7. **Subtracting the empty set**: 
   - The total number of subsets is \( 2^8 + 2^8 = 2 \cdot 2^8 = 2^9 = 512 \).
   - However, we counted the empty set twice (once in each case), so we need to subtract 2 to account for this overcounting.

8. **Final calculation**: 
   \[
   512 - 2 = 510
   \]

The final answer is \(\boxed{510}\).