Let $p$ be a prime number such that $p\equiv 1\pmod{4}$. Determine $\sum_{k=1}^{\frac{p-1}{2}}\left \lbrace \frac{k^2}{p} \right \rbrace$, where $\{x\}=x-[x]$.
1. **Given**: \( p \) is a prime number such that \( p \equiv 1 \pmod{4} \). We need to determine the sum \( \sum_{k=1}^{\frac{p-1}{2}} \left\{ \frac{k^2}{p} \right\} \), where \( \{x\} = x - \lfloor x \rfloor \) denotes the fractional part of \( x \).

2. **Lemma**: If \( p \equiv 1 \pmod{4} \), then for each \( 1 \le n \le \frac{p-1}{2} \), there exists exactly one \( 1 \le m \le \frac{p-1}{2} \) such that \( n^2 + m^2 \equiv 0 \pmod{p} \).

   **Proof of Lemma**:
   - Since \( p \equiv 1 \pmod{4} \), \(-1\) is a quadratic residue modulo \( p \). This means there exist integers \( a \) and \(-a\) such that \( a^2 \equiv (-a)^2 \equiv -1 \pmod{p} \).
   - Given \( m^2 + n^2 \equiv 0 \pmod{p} \), we can rewrite this as:
     \[
     m^2 + n^2 \equiv 0 \pmod{p} \implies m^2 \equiv -n^2 \pmod{p}
     \]
   - Dividing both sides by \( m^2 \) (since \( m \neq 0 \)):
     \[
     1 + \left( \frac{n}{m} \right)^2 \equiv 0 \pmod{p} \implies \left( \frac{n}{m} \right)^2 \equiv -1 \pmod{p}
     \]
   - This implies \( \frac{n}{m} \equiv a \pmod{p} \) or \( \frac{n}{m} \equiv -a \pmod{p} \), leading to:
     \[
     n \equiv am \pmod{p} \quad \text{or} \quad n \equiv -am \pmod{p}
     \]
   - Since \( 1 \le n, m \le \frac{p-1}{2} \), exactly one of \( am \) or \( -am \) lies in the range \( 1 \le n \le \frac{p-1}{2} \).

3. **Sum of Fractional Parts**:
   - If \( m^2 + n^2 = kp \) for some integer \( k \), then:
     \[
     \frac{m^2}{p} + \frac{n^2}{p} = k
     \]
   - The sum of the fractional parts is:
     \[
     \left\{ \frac{m^2}{p} \right\} + \left\{ \frac{n^2}{p} \right\} = 1
     \]
     because \( \frac{m^2}{p} \) and \( \frac{n^2}{p} \) are not integers, and their sum is an integer \( k \).

4. **Pairing and Summing**:
   - We have \( \frac{p-1}{2} \) terms in the sum \( \sum_{k=1}^{\frac{p-1}{2}} \left\{ \frac{k^2}{p} \right\} \).
   - By pairing each \( \left\{ \frac{m^2}{p} \right\} \) with \( \left\{ \frac{n^2}{p} \right\} \) such that \( m^2 + n^2 \equiv 0 \pmod{p} \), we get \( \frac{p-1}{4} \) pairs, each summing to 1.

5. **Conclusion**:
   - Therefore, the sum is:
     \[
     \sum_{k=1}^{\frac{p-1}{2}} \left\{ \frac{k^2}{p} \right\} = \frac{p-1}{4}
     \]

The final answer is \(\boxed{\frac{p-1}{4}}\)