 The deputies in a parliament were split into $10$ fractions. According to regulations, no fraction may consist of less than five people, and no two fractions may have the same number of members. After the vacation, the fractions disintegrated and several new fractions arose instead. Besides, some deputies became independent. It turned out that no two deputies that were in the same fraction before the vacation entered the same fraction after the vacation. 
Find the smallest possible number of independent deputies after the vacation.

1. **Initial Setup:**
   The problem states that there are 10 fractions, each with a unique number of members, and each fraction has at least 5 members. Therefore, the smallest possible sizes for these fractions are \(5, 6, 7, \ldots, 14\).

2. **Total Number of Deputies:**
   Calculate the total number of deputies initially:
   \[
   5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11 + 12 + 13 + 14 = \sum_{i=5}^{14} i
   \]
   Using the formula for the sum of an arithmetic series:
   \[
   \sum_{i=5}^{14} i = \frac{n}{2} \times (\text{first term} + \text{last term})
   \]
   where \(n = 10\) (the number of terms):
   \[
   \sum_{i=5}^{14} i = \frac{10}{2} \times (5 + 14) = 5 \times 19 = 95
   \]
   So, there are 95 deputies in total.

3. **Formation of New Fractions:**
   After the vacation, no two deputies from the same initial fraction can be in the same new fraction. Therefore, each new fraction can have at most one deputy from each of the original fractions.

4. **Maximum Number of Deputies in New Fractions:**
   Since there are 10 original fractions, each new fraction can have at most 10 deputies (one from each original fraction). To maximize the number of deputies in new fractions, we need to form as many new fractions as possible, each with 10 deputies.

5. **Calculation of Deputies in New Fractions:**
   The maximum number of deputies that can be in new fractions is:
   \[
   10 \times 10 = 100
   \]
   However, this exceeds the total number of deputies (95), so we need to adjust our approach.

6. **Optimal Distribution:**
   To find the optimal distribution, consider the following:
   - We can form new fractions with sizes ranging from 5 to 10 (since each new fraction can have at most one deputy from each of the original fractions).
   - For each \(5 \leq i \leq 10\), create a new fraction consisting of exactly one deputy from the original fractions with sizes \(15-i, 16-i, \ldots, 14\) respectively.

7. **Number of Independent Deputies:**
   Calculate the number of deputies in new fractions:
   \[
   5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 = 45
   \]
   Therefore, the number of independent deputies is:
   \[
   95 - 45 = 50
   \]

8. **Verification:**
   Verify that this is the smallest possible number of independent deputies:
   - Since each new fraction can have at most 10 deputies, the maximum number of deputies in new fractions is 45.
   - This leaves 50 deputies who must be independent.

Thus, the smallest possible number of independent deputies after the vacation is \(\boxed{50}\).