Do there exist two sequences of real numbers $ \{a_i\}, \{b_i\},$ $ i \in \mathbb{N},$ satisfying the following conditions:

\[ \frac{3 \cdot \pi}{2} \leq a_i \leq b_i\]

and

\[ \cos(a_i x) \minus{} \cos(b_i x) \geq \minus{} \frac{1}{i}\]

$ \forall i \in \mathbb{N}$ and all $ x,$ with $ 0 < x < 1?$
To solve this problem, we need to determine whether there exist two sequences of real numbers \( \{a_i\} \) and \( \{b_i\} \) such that the given conditions are satisfied. Let's analyze the conditions step by step.

1. **Condition 1:**
   \[
   \frac{3\pi}{2} \leq a_i \leq b_i
   \]
   This condition implies that both \( a_i \) and \( b_i \) are at least \( \frac{3\pi}{2} \), and \( a_i \) is less than or equal to \( b_i \).

2. **Condition 2:**
   \[
   \cos(a_i x) + \cos(b_i x) \geq -\frac{1}{i}
   \]
   This condition must hold for all \( i \in \mathbb{N} \) and for all \( x \) in the interval \( 0 < x < 1 \).

To proceed, let's consider the behavior of the cosine function. The cosine function oscillates between -1 and 1. For large values of \( a_i \) and \( b_i \), the arguments \( a_i x \) and \( b_i x \) will also be large, causing the cosine values to oscillate rapidly.

3. **Analyzing the Cosine Sum:**
   The sum of two cosine functions can be written using the sum-to-product identities:
   \[
   \cos(a_i x) + \cos(b_i x) = 2 \cos\left(\frac{a_i x + b_i x}{2}\right) \cos\left(\frac{a_i x - b_i x}{2}\right)
   \]
   For the inequality \( \cos(a_i x) + \cos(b_i x) \geq -\frac{1}{i} \) to hold, the product of the cosines on the right-hand side must be greater than or equal to \( -\frac{1}{2i} \).

4. **Behavior for Large \( i \):**
   As \( i \) increases, \( -\frac{1}{i} \) approaches 0. Therefore, for sufficiently large \( i \), the inequality becomes:
   \[
   \cos(a_i x) + \cos(b_i x) \geq 0
   \]
   This implies that the sum of the cosines must be non-negative for all \( x \) in \( 0 < x < 1 \).

5. **Choosing Sequences \( \{a_i\} \) and \( \{b_i\} \):**
   Let's choose \( a_i = \frac{3\pi}{2} + 2k\pi \) and \( b_i = \frac{3\pi}{2} + 2k\pi \) for some integer \( k \). This choice ensures that \( a_i \) and \( b_i \) are equal and satisfy the first condition.

   For this choice:
   \[
   \cos(a_i x) = \cos\left(\left(\frac{3\pi}{2} + 2k\pi\right)x\right) = \cos\left(\frac{3\pi x}{2} + 2k\pi x\right)
   \]
   Since \( \cos(\theta + 2k\pi) = \cos(\theta) \), we have:
   \[
   \cos(a_i x) = \cos\left(\frac{3\pi x}{2}\right)
   \]
   Similarly,
   \[
   \cos(b_i x) = \cos\left(\frac{3\pi x}{2}\right)
   \]
   Therefore,
   \[
   \cos(a_i x) + \cos(b_i x) = 2 \cos\left(\frac{3\pi x}{2}\right)
   \]

6. **Checking the Inequality:**
   We need to check if:
   \[
   2 \cos\left(\frac{3\pi x}{2}\right) \geq -\frac{1}{i}
   \]
   Since \( \cos\left(\frac{3\pi x}{2}\right) \) oscillates between -1 and 1, the minimum value of \( 2 \cos\left(\frac{3\pi x}{2}\right) \) is -2. For sufficiently large \( i \), \( -\frac{1}{i} \) is very close to 0, and the inequality will hold.

Therefore, the sequences \( \{a_i\} \) and \( \{b_i\} \) chosen as \( a_i = b_i = \frac{3\pi}{2} + 2k\pi \) satisfy both conditions.

The final answer is \( \boxed{ \{a_i\} = \{b_i\} = \frac{3\pi}{2} + 2k\pi } \) for some integer \( k \).