[u]Round 1[/u]


[b]p1.[/b] How many powers of $2$ are greater than $3$ but less than $2013$?


[b]p2.[/b] What number is equal to six greater than three times the answer to this question? 


[b]p3.[/b] Surya Cup-a-tea-raju goes to Starbucks Coffee to sip coffee out of a styrofoam cup. The cup is a cylinder, open on one end, with base radius $3$ centimeters and height $10$ centimeters. What is the exterior surface area of the styrofoam cup?


[u]Round 2[/u]


[b]p4.[/b] Andrew has two $6$-foot-length sticks that he wishes to make into two of the sides of the entrance to his fort, with the ground being the third side. If he wants to make his entrance in the shape of a triangle, what is the largest area that he can make the entrance?


[b]p5.[/b] Ethan and Devin met a fairy who told them “if you have less than $15$ dollars, I will give you cake”. If both had integral amounts of dollars, and Devin had 5 more dollars than Ethan, but only Ethan got cake, how many different amounts of money could Ethan have had?


[b]p6.[/b] If $2012^x = 2013$, for what value of $a$, in terms of $x$, is it true that $2012^a = 2013^2$?


[u]Round 3[/u]


[b]p7.[/b] Find the ordered triple $(L, M, T)$ of positive integers that makes the following equation true: $$1 + \dfrac{1}{L + \dfrac{1}{M+\dfrac{1}{T}}}=\frac{79}{43}.$$


[b]p8.[/b] Jonathan would like to start a banana plantation so he is saving up to buy an acre of land, which costs $\$600,000$. He deposits $\$300,000$ in the bank, which gives $20\%$ interest compounded at the end of each year. At this rate, how many years will Jonathan have to wait until he can buy the acre of land?


[b]p9.[/b] Arul and Ethan went swimming at their town pool and started to swim laps to see who was in better shape. After one hour of swimming at their own paces, Ethan completed $32$ more laps than Arul. However, after that, Ethan got tired and swam at half his original speed while Arul’s speed didn’t change. After one more hour, Arul swam a total of $320$ laps. How many laps did Ethan swim after two hours?


[u]Round 4[/u]


[b]p10.[/b] A right triangle with a side length of $6$ and a hypotenuse of 10 has circles of radius $1$ centered at each vertex. What is the area of the space inside the triangle but outside all three circles?


[b]p11.[/b] In isosceles trapezoid $ABCD$, $\overline{AB} \parallel\overline{CD}$ and the lengths of $\overline{AB}$ and $\overline{CD}$ are $2$ and $6$, respectively. Let the diagonals of the trapezoid intersect at point $E$. If the distance from $E$ to $\overline{CD}$ is $9$, what is the area of triangle $ABE$?


[b]p12.[/b] If $144$ unit cubes are glued together to form a rectangular prism and the perimeter of the base is $54$ units, what is the height?


 PS. You should use hide for answers. Rounds 6-8 are [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c3h3136014p28427163]here[/url] and 9-12 [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c3h3137069p28442224]here[/url].  Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309]here[/url].
1. **Finding the powers of \(2\) greater than \(3\) but less than \(2013\)**

   We need to find the integer values of \(n\) such that:
   \[
   2^n > 3 \quad \text{and} \quad 2^n < 2013
   \]

   First, solve \(2^n > 3\):
   \[
   n > \log_2 3 \approx 1.58496
   \]
   So, \(n \geq 2\).

   Next, solve \(2^n < 2013\):
   \[
   n < \log_2 2013 \approx 10.973
   \]
   So, \(n \leq 10\).

   Therefore, \(n\) ranges from \(2\) to \(10\), inclusive. The number of integers in this range is:
   \[
   10 - 2 + 1 = 9
   \]

   Conclusion:
   \[
   \boxed{9}
   \]

2. **Finding the number equal to six greater than three times the answer to the previous question**

   Let \(x\) be the answer to the previous question, which is \(9\). We need to find:
   \[
   3x + 6
   \]
   Substituting \(x = 9\):
   \[
   3 \cdot 9 + 6 = 27 + 6 = 33
   \]

   Conclusion:
   \[
   \boxed{33}
   \]

3. **Finding the exterior surface area of the styrofoam cup**

   The cup is a cylinder with base radius \(r = 3\) cm and height \(h = 10\) cm. The exterior surface area of an open cylinder is given by:
   \[
   2\pi rh + \pi r^2
   \]
   Substituting the given values:
   \[
   2\pi \cdot 3 \cdot 10 + \pi \cdot 3^2 = 60\pi + 9\pi = 69\pi
   \]

   Conclusion:
   \[
   \boxed{69\pi}
   \]

4. **Maximizing the area of a triangle with sides \(6\) feet each and the ground as the third side**

   The area of a triangle is maximized when it is a right triangle. For a right triangle with legs \(a\) and \(b\), the area is:
   \[
   \frac{1}{2}ab
   \]
   Given \(a = b = 6\) feet, the area is:
   \[
   \frac{1}{2} \cdot 6 \cdot 6 = 18
   \]

   Conclusion:
   \[
   \boxed{18}
   \]

5. **Finding the possible amounts of money Ethan could have had**

   Let \(E\) be the amount of money Ethan had, and \(D\) be the amount Devin had. Given:
   \[
   D = E + 5
   \]
   Ethan got cake, so \(E < 15\). Devin did not get cake, so \(D \geq 15\). Therefore:
   \[
   E + 5 \geq 15 \implies E \geq 10
   \]
   Combining the inequalities:
   \[
   10 \leq E < 15
   \]
   The possible values for \(E\) are \(10, 11, 12, 13, 14\).

   Conclusion:
   \[
   \boxed{5}
   \]

6. **Finding the value of \(a\) such that \(2012^a = 2013^2\)**

   Given \(2012^x = 2013\), we need to find \(a\) such that:
   \[
   2012^a = 2013^2
   \]
   Using the given equation:
   \[
   2013 = 2012^x \implies 2013^2 = (2012^x)^2 = 2012^{2x}
   \]
   Therefore:
   \[
   a = 2x
   \]

   Conclusion:
   \[
   \boxed{2x}
   \]

7. **Finding the ordered triple \((L, M, T)\) that satisfies the equation**

   Given:
   \[
   1 + \frac{1}{L + \frac{1}{M + \frac{1}{T}}} = \frac{79}{43}
   \]
   Subtract \(1\) from both sides:
   \[
   \frac{1}{L + \frac{1}{M + \frac{1}{T}}} = \frac{79}{43} - 1 = \frac{79 - 43}{43} = \frac{36}{43}
   \]
   Taking the reciprocal:
   \[
   L + \frac{1}{M + \frac{1}{T}} = \frac{43}{36}
   \]
   Therefore, \(L = 1\). Now:
   \[
   \frac{1}{M + \frac{1}{T}} = \frac{43}{36} - 1 = \frac{43 - 36}{36} = \frac{7}{36}
   \]
   Taking the reciprocal:
   \[
   M + \frac{1}{T} = \frac{36}{7}
   \]
   Therefore, \(M = 5\). Now:
   \[
   \frac{1}{T} = \frac{36}{7} - 5 = \frac{36 - 35}{7} = \frac{1}{7}
   \]
   Therefore, \(T = 7\).

   Conclusion:
   \[
   \boxed{(1, 5, 7)}
   \]

8. **Finding the number of years until Jonathan can buy the acre of land**

   Jonathan deposits $300,000 at \(20\%\) interest compounded annually. We need to find the smallest \(n\) such that:
   \[
   300,000 \times (1.2)^n \geq 600,000
   \]
   Dividing both sides by 300,000:
   \[
   (1.2)^n \geq 2
   \]
   Taking the logarithm of both sides:
   \[
   n \log(1.2) \geq \log(2)
   \]
   Solving for \(n\):
   \[
   n \geq \frac{\log(2)}{\log(1.2)} \approx \frac{0.3010}{0.07918} \approx 3.8
   \]
   Therefore, \(n = 4\).

   Conclusion:
   \[
   \boxed{4}
   \]

9. **Finding the number of laps Ethan swam after two hours**

   Let \(A\) be the number of laps Arul swam in one hour. Given:
   \[
   A = 160
   \]
   Ethan swam \(32\) more laps than Arul in the first hour:
   \[
   E_1 = A + 32 = 160 + 32 = 192
   \]
   In the second hour, Ethan swam at half his original speed:
   \[
   E_2 = \frac{192}{2} = 96
   \]
   Total laps Ethan swam:
   \[
   E = E_1 + E_2 = 192 + 96 = 288
   \]

   Conclusion:
   \[
   \boxed{288}
   \]

10. **Finding the area inside the triangle but outside all three circles**

    The right triangle has side lengths \(6\) and \(8\) (since \(6^2 + 8^2 = 10^2\)). The area of the triangle is:
    \[
    \frac{1}{2} \cdot 6 \cdot 8 = 24
    \]
    Each circle has radius \(1\). The area of each circle is:
    \[
    \pi \cdot 1^2 = \pi
    \]
    The total area of the three circles is:
    \[
    3\pi
    \]
    The area of the sectors inside the triangle is half the area of one circle:
    \[
    \frac{3\pi}{2}
    \]
    The area inside the triangle but outside the circles is:
    \[
    24 - \frac{3\pi}{2}
    \]

    Conclusion:
    \[
    \boxed{24 - \frac{3\pi}{2}}
    \]

11. **Finding the area of triangle \(ABE\)**

    Given isosceles trapezoid \(ABCD\) with \(\overline{AB} \parallel \overline{CD}\), \(\overline{AB} = 2\), \(\overline{CD} = 6\), and the distance from \(E\) to \(\overline{CD}\) is \(9\). By similar triangles, the altitude from \(E\) to \(\overline{AB}\) is:
    \[
    \frac{2}{6} \cdot 9 = 3
    \]
    The area of triangle \(ABE\) is:
    \[
    \frac{1}{2} \cdot 2 \cdot 3 = 3
    \]

    Conclusion:
    \[
    \boxed{3}
    \]

12. **Finding the height of the rectangular prism**

    Given \(144\) unit cubes form a rectangular prism and the perimeter of the base is \(54\) units. Let the dimensions of the base be \(a\) and \(b\), and the height be \(h\). The perimeter of the base is:
    \[
    2a + 2b = 54 \implies a + b = 27
    \]
    The volume of the prism is:
    \[
    a \cdot b \cdot h = 144
    \]
    Substituting \(b = 27 - a\):
    \[
    a(27 - a)h = 144
    \]
    We need to find integer solutions. Trying \(a = 24\) and \(b = 3\):
    \[
    24 \cdot 3 \cdot h = 144 \implies h = 2
    \]

    Conclusion:
    \[
    \boxed{2}
    \]