On the coordinate plane, Let $C$ be the graph of $y=(\ln x)^2\ (x>0)$ and for $\alpha >0$, denote $L(\alpha)$ be  the tangent line of $C$ at the point $(\alpha ,\ (\ln \alpha)^2).$

(1) Draw the graph.

(2) Let $n(\alpha)$ be the number of the intersection points of $C$ and $L(\alpha)$. Find $n(\alpha)$.

(3) For $0<\alpha <1$, let $S(\alpha)$ be the area of the region bounded by $C,\ L(\alpha)$ and the $x$-axis. Find $S(\alpha)$.

2010 Tokyo Institute of Technology entrance exam, Second Exam.
### Part 1: Drawing the Graph
To draw the graph of \( y = (\ln x)^2 \) for \( x > 0 \):

1. **Identify Key Points**:
   - At \( x = 1 \), \( y = (\ln 1)^2 = 0 \).
   - As \( x \to 0^+ \), \( \ln x \to -\infty \) and \( y \to \infty \).
   - As \( x \to \infty \), \( \ln x \to \infty \) and \( y \to \infty \).

2. **Shape of the Graph**:
   - The graph is symmetric about the y-axis because \( (\ln x)^2 \) is always non-negative.
   - The graph has a minimum at \( x = 1 \) where \( y = 0 \).

### Part 2: Finding \( n(\alpha) \)
To find the number of intersection points \( n(\alpha) \) of the curve \( C \) and the tangent line \( L(\alpha) \) at the point \( (\alpha, (\ln \alpha)^2) \):

1. **Equation of the Tangent Line**:
   - The derivative of \( y = (\ln x)^2 \) is \( y' = 2 \ln x \cdot \frac{1}{x} = \frac{2 \ln x}{x} \).
   - At \( x = \alpha \), the slope of the tangent line is \( \frac{2 \ln \alpha}{\alpha} \).
   - The equation of the tangent line at \( (\alpha, (\ln \alpha)^2) \) is:
     \[
     y - (\ln \alpha)^2 = \frac{2 \ln \alpha}{\alpha} (x - \alpha)
     \]
     Simplifying, we get:
     \[
     y = \frac{2 \ln \alpha}{\alpha} x - \frac{2 \alpha \ln \alpha - \alpha (\ln \alpha)^2}{\alpha}
     \]
     \[
     y = \frac{2 \ln \alpha}{\alpha} x - (\ln \alpha)^2
     \]

2. **Intersection Points**:
   - Set \( (\ln x)^2 = \frac{2 \ln \alpha}{\alpha} x - (\ln \alpha)^2 \).
   - Rearrange to form a quadratic equation in \( \ln x \):
     \[
     (\ln x)^2 + (\ln \alpha)^2 = \frac{2 \ln \alpha}{\alpha} x
     \]
   - Solve for \( \ln x \):
     \[
     (\ln x)^2 - \frac{2 \ln \alpha}{\alpha} x + (\ln \alpha)^2 = 0
     \]
   - This is a quadratic equation in \( \ln x \). The discriminant \( \Delta \) is:
     \[
     \Delta = \left( \frac{2 \ln \alpha}{\alpha} \right)^2 - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot (\ln \alpha)^2 = \frac{4 (\ln \alpha)^2}{\alpha^2} - 4 (\ln \alpha)^2 = \frac{4 (\ln \alpha)^2 (1 - \alpha^2)}{\alpha^2}
     \]
   - For \( \alpha > 1 \), the discriminant is positive, so there are two real roots.
   - For \( 0 < \alpha < 1 \), the discriminant is negative, so there are no real roots.
   - For \( \alpha = 1 \), the discriminant is zero, so there is one real root.

Thus, \( n(\alpha) \) is:
- \( 0 \) for \( 0 < \alpha < 1 \)
- \( 1 \) for \( \alpha = 1 \)
- \( 2 \) for \( \alpha > 1 \)

### Part 3: Finding \( S(\alpha) \)
To find the area \( S(\alpha) \) bounded by \( C \), \( L(\alpha) \), and the x-axis for \( 0 < \alpha < 1 \):

1. **Integral of the Curve**:
   - The area under the curve \( y = (\ln x)^2 \) from \( \alpha \) to 1 is:
     \[
     \int_{\alpha}^{1} (\ln x)^2 \, dx
     \]
   - Using integration by parts twice:
     \[
     \int (\ln x)^2 \, dx = x (\ln x)^2 - 2 \int x \ln x \, dx
     \]
     \[
     \int x \ln x \, dx = x \ln x - \int x \, dx = x \ln x - x
     \]
     \[
     \int (\ln x)^2 \, dx = x (\ln x)^2 - 2 (x \ln x - x) = x (\ln x)^2 - 2x \ln x + 2x
     \]
   - Evaluating from \( \alpha \) to 1:
     \[
     \int_{\alpha}^{1} (\ln x)^2 \, dx = \left[ x (\ln x)^2 - 2x \ln x + 2x \right]_{\alpha}^{1}
     \]
     \[
     = \left[ 1 \cdot (\ln 1)^2 - 2 \cdot 1 \cdot \ln 1 + 2 \cdot 1 \right] - \left[ \alpha (\ln \alpha)^2 - 2 \alpha \ln \alpha + 2 \alpha \right]
     \]
     \[
     = 2 - \alpha (\ln \alpha)^2 + 2 \alpha \ln \alpha - 2 \alpha
     \]

2. **Area of the Triangle**:
   - The area of the triangle formed by the tangent line and the x-axis:
     \[
     A_{\triangle} = \frac{1}{2} \times \alpha \times (\ln \alpha)^2
     \]

3. **Total Area**:
   - The total area \( S(\alpha) \) is:
     \[
     S(\alpha) = \int_{\alpha}^{1} (\ln x)^2 \, dx - A_{\triangle}
     \]
     \[
     = 2 - \alpha (\ln \alpha)^2 + 2 \alpha \ln \alpha - 2 \alpha - \frac{1}{2} \alpha (\ln \alpha)^2
     \]
     \[
     = 2 - 2 \alpha - \frac{1}{2} \alpha (\ln \alpha)^2 + 2 \alpha \ln \alpha
     \]

The final answer is \( \boxed{ S(\alpha) = 2 - 2 \alpha - \frac{1}{2} \alpha (\ln \alpha)^2 + 2 \alpha \ln \alpha } \)