Let $k$ be a fixed integer. In the town of Ivanland, there are at least $k+1$ citizens standing on a plane such that the distances between any two citizens are distinct. An election is to be held such that every citizen votes the $k$-th closest citizen to be the president. What is the maximal number of votes a citizen can have?

[i]Proposed by Ivan Chan[/i]
1. **Constructing an Example:**
   - Consider a regular pentagon \( P_1, P_2, P_3, P_4, P_5 \) with center \( O \) and radius 1.
   - Around each vertex \( P_i \), place \( k \) points \( Q_{i1}, Q_{i2}, \ldots, Q_{ik} \) on a small circle of radius \( \epsilon > 0 \).
   - Ensure \( \epsilon \) is small enough so that the distances between points \( Q_{i\ell} \) and \( O \) are less than the distances between points \( Q_{i\ell} \) and any other \( Q_{j\ell'} \) for \( i \neq j \).

2. **Verifying the Example:**
   - For each \( i \neq j \), \( P_iO < P_iP_j \) because \( P_iOP_j \ge 72^\circ \).
   - For small \( \epsilon \), \( Q_{i\ell_1}Q_{i\ell_2} < Q_{i\ell_1}O < Q_{i\ell_1}Q_{j\ell_2} \) for \( 1 \leq \ell_1 \neq \ell_2 \leq k \).
   - Thus, \( O \) gets votes from all \( Q_{i\ell} \) for \( i = 1, \ldots, 5 \) and \( \ell = 1, \ldots, k \), totaling \( 5k \) votes.

3. **Establishing the Bound:**
   - Use the identity: if \( \angle B \leq 60^\circ \) in triangle \( ABC \), then \( \max \{BA, BC\} \geq AC \).
   - Proof: 
     \[
     AC^2 = BA^2 + BC^2 - 2BA \cdot BC \cdot \cos(\angle B) \leq BA^2 + BC^2 - BA \cdot BC \leq \max \{BA, BC\}^2
     \]

4. **Bounding the Number of Votes:**
   - Let \( O \) be the center point and \( P_1, P_2, \ldots, P_n \) be points that voted for \( O \).
   - Assume \( OP_1 > OP_i \) for all \( i \neq 1 \).
   - If \( OP_1 < P_1P_i \) for some \( i \), then \( \angle P_1OP_i > 60^\circ \).
   - Consider the region \( \mathcal{R} = \{P: \angle POP_1 \leq 60^\circ\} \).
   - At most \( k \) of the \( P_i \)'s (including \( P_1 \)) are in \( \mathcal{R} \).

5. **Analyzing the Complement Region \( \mathcal{R}^c \):**
   - \( \mathcal{R} \) subtends an angle of \( 120^\circ \) from \( O \).
   - Show that there cannot be more than \( 4k \) \( P_i \)'s in \( \mathcal{R}^c \).
   - Suppose otherwise, relabel them as \( Q_1, Q_2, \ldots, Q_m \) in order of the angle bearing of the line \( Q_iO \).
   - If \( m \geq 4k + 1 \), then \( \angle Q_{ak+1}OQ_{(a+1)k+1} \leq 60^\circ \) for some \( a \in \{0, 1, 2, 3\} \).
   - Consider \( Q_{ak+1}, \ldots, Q_{(a+1)k+1} \) and let \( Q_j \) be the furthest from \( O \).
   - Since \( \angle Q_jOQ_\ell < 60^\circ \) for all \( \ell = ak+1, \ldots, (a+1)k+1 \) with \( \ell \neq j \), we have \( Q_jO > Q_jQ_\ell \).
   - This implies \( O \) is ranked at least \( k+1 \) in distance from \( Q_j \), leading to a contradiction.

Thus, the maximal number of votes a citizen can have is \( 5k \).

The final answer is \( \boxed{ 5k } \).