Find all positive integers $k$, so that there are only finitely many positive odd numbers $n$ satisfying $n~|~k^n+1$.
To solve the problem, we need to find all positive integers \( k \) such that there are only finitely many positive odd numbers \( n \) satisfying \( n \mid k^n + 1 \).

1. **Consider the case when \( k + 1 \) is a power of 2:**
   Let \( k + 1 = 2^c \) for some \( c \in \mathbb{N} \). This implies \( k = 2^c - 1 \).

2. **Analyze the divisibility condition \( n \mid k^n + 1 \):**
   Suppose \( n \mid k^n + 1 \). Let \( p \) be the smallest prime divisor of \( n \). Then \( p \mid k^n + 1 \).

3. **Use properties of exponents and divisors:**
   Since \( p \mid k^n + 1 \), it follows that \( p \mid k^{2n} - 1 \). Also, by Fermat's Little Theorem, \( p \mid k^{p-1} - 1 \). Therefore, \( p \mid k^{\gcd(p-1, 2n)} - 1 \).

4. **Determine the gcd condition:**
   By the minimality of \( p \), we have \( \gcd(p-1, 2n) = 2 \) (since \( n \) is odd, \( p-1 \) is even). Thus, \( p \mid k^2 - 1 \).

5. **Simplify the divisibility condition:**
   Since \( p \mid k^2 - 1 \), we have \( p \mid (k-1)(k+1) \). Given that \( k = 2^c - 1 \), \( k+1 = 2^c \), which is a power of 2. Therefore, \( p \mid 2^c \).

6. **Conclude the nature of \( p \):**
   Since \( p \) is an odd prime, the only possibility is \( p = 2 \), but this contradicts the assumption that \( p \) is an odd prime. Hence, \( n \) must be even.

7. **Verify the finiteness condition:**
   If \( k + 1 \) is not a power of 2, then by Zsigmondy's theorem, there exists a prime \( p_0 \) such that \( p_0 \mid k^n + 1 \) for some odd \( n \), and \( p_0 \) does not divide \( k^m + 1 \) for any \( m < n \). This implies there are infinitely many such \( n \).

Therefore, the only \( k \) for which there are finitely many positive odd numbers \( n \) satisfying \( n \mid k^n + 1 \) are those for which \( k + 1 \) is a power of 2.

The final answer is \( \boxed{ k } \) such that \( k + 1 = 2^c \) for some \( c \in \mathbb{N} \).