Let $n$ be an integer greater than or equal to $2$. $n$ people from each of $n$ countries gather, a total of $n^2$ people facing inward and surround the round table. For any two different people in the same country, their left neighbors belong to different countries. Find the maximum number of people whose left and right neighbors belong to the same country.
1. **Problem Restatement**: We need to find the maximum number of people whose left and right neighbors belong to the same country, given that $n$ people from each of $n$ countries gather around a round table, and for any two different people in the same country, their left neighbors belong to different countries.

2. **Induction Base Case**: For $n=2$, we can arrange the people as $2211$. Here, no person has both neighbors from the same country. Thus, the number of people whose left and right neighbors belong to the same country is $0$, which matches $\frac{(2-2)(2-1)}{2} = 0$.

3. **Induction Hypothesis**: Assume that for $n=k$, the maximum number of people whose left and right neighbors belong to the same country is $\frac{(k-2)(k-1)}{2}$.

4. **Induction Step**: We need to show that for $n=k+1$, the maximum number of people whose left and right neighbors belong to the same country is $\frac{(k-1)k}{2}$.

   - Consider the sequence for $n=k$: $f(k)$.
   - Construct $f(k+1)$ by adding $k+1$ people from the new country and interleaving them with the existing sequence $f(k)$.
   - Each new person from the $(k+1)$-th country can be placed such that they do not increase the number of people whose neighbors are from the same country.

5. **Graph Theory Approach**:
   - Construct a directed bipartite graph where both sides have vertices representing countries $C_1, C_2, \ldots, C_n$.
   - There are $n^2$ possibilities for neighboring pairs, and there should be $n^2$ directed edges between $C_i$ and $C_j$.
   - The number of people whose two neighbors are from the same country is equal to the number of directed ways $C_i \rightarrow C_j \rightarrow C_i$.

6. **Overlapping Pairs**:
   - If $C_i$ and $C_j$ have the configuration $(C_i \rightarrow C_j \rightarrow C_i)$, then $(C_i, C_j)$ are overlapped.
   - A country cannot be overlapped with all other $n-1$ vertices. If $C_i$ is overlapped with all other $C_j$'s, then $C_i$ cannot be overlapped with itself.

7. **Graph Construction**:
   - Construct a directed graph $G$ with vertices $C_1, \ldots, C_n$.
   - If two pairs are overlapped, erase the edges between them.
   - The rest graph $S$ must be connected because of the claim.
   - There must be at least $(n-1)$ twice connections in $S$, giving at least $2n-2$ directed edges.
   - Every vertex is connected to itself, giving extra $n$ edges.

8. **Counting Overlaps**:
   - If there are $O$ times overlapped pairs, we get $n^2 - n - 2O \geq 2n - 2$.
   - Solving for $O$, we get $O \leq \frac{(n-2)(n-1)}{2}$.

Thus, the maximum number of people whose left and right neighbors belong to the same country is $\frac{(n-2)(n-1)}{2}$.

The final answer is $\boxed{\frac{(n-2)(n-1)}{2}}$.