A real number $ to $ is randomly and uniformly chosen from the $ [- 3,4] $ interval. What is the probability that all roots of the polynomial $ x ^ 3 + ax ^ 2 + ax + 1 $ are real?
1. **Factor the Polynomial:**
   Given the polynomial \( P(x) = x^3 + ax^2 + ax + 1 \), we need to determine the conditions under which all roots are real. We start by factoring the polynomial:
   \[
   P(x) = (x+1)(x^2 + (a-1)x + 1)
   \]
   This factorization is valid because the constant term is 1, and the polynomial can be expressed in this form.

2. **Discriminant Condition:**
   For the quadratic \( x^2 + (a-1)x + 1 \) to have real roots, its discriminant must be non-negative. The discriminant \(\Delta\) of a quadratic equation \(Ax^2 + Bx + C\) is given by:
   \[
   \Delta = B^2 - 4AC
   \]
   Here, \(A = 1\), \(B = a-1\), and \(C = 1\). Thus, the discriminant is:
   \[
   \Delta = (a-1)^2 - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 = (a-1)^2 - 4
   \]
   For the quadratic to have real roots, we need:
   \[
   (a-1)^2 - 4 \geq 0
   \]

3. **Solve the Inequality:**
   Solve the inequality \((a-1)^2 - 4 \geq 0\):
   \[
   (a-1)^2 \geq 4
   \]
   Taking the square root of both sides, we get:
   \[
   |a-1| \geq 2
   \]
   This implies:
   \[
   a-1 \leq -2 \quad \text{or} \quad a-1 \geq 2
   \]
   Solving these inequalities, we get:
   \[
   a \leq -1 \quad \text{or} \quad a \geq 3
   \]

4. **Determine the Valid Intervals:**
   The interval from which \(a\) is chosen is \([-3, 4]\). Therefore, the valid intervals for \(a\) are:
   \[
   [-3, -1] \quad \text{and} \quad [3, 4]
   \]

5. **Calculate the Probability:**
   The total length of the interval \([-3, 4]\) is:
   \[
   4 - (-3) = 7
   \]
   The lengths of the valid intervals are:
   \[
   \text{Length of } [-3, -1] = -1 - (-3) = 2
   \]
   \[
   \text{Length of } [3, 4] = 4 - 3 = 1
   \]
   Therefore, the total length of the valid intervals is:
   \[
   2 + 1 = 3
   \]
   The probability that \(a\) lies in one of these intervals is:
   \[
   \frac{3}{7}
   \]

The final answer is \(\boxed{\frac{3}{7}}\).