Problem 4.4. Cats Leopold, Garfield, Vasiliy, Matilda, and Tom ate two cutlets, two sausages, and one fish in the kitchen. Each of them ate something different. It is known that:

- Leopold, Garfield, and Tom ate 3 different dishes;
- Vasiliy did not eat a cutlet, and Leopold did not eat a sausage;
- Garfield and Matilda ate the same thing.

Who got what
Answer: Garfield and Matilda - cutlets, Basil and Tom - sausages, Leopold - fish.

Solution. Garfield and Matilda ate the same thing, so they either ate a sausage each or a cutlet each.

Case 1. Garfield and Matilda ate a sausage each.

According to the condition, Basil did not eat a cutlet, and he also did not eat a sausage (since all sausages were eaten by Garfield and Matilda). Therefore, Basil ate the only fish.

Leopold and Tom are left with cutlets, but this contradicts the condition that Leopold, Garfield, and Tom ate 3 different dishes.

Case 2. Garfield and Matilda ate a cutlet each.

According to the condition, Leopold did not eat a sausage, and he also did not eat a cutlet (since all cutlets were eaten by Garfield and Matilda). Therefore, Leopold ate the only fish.

Basil and Tom are left with sausages. All conditions of the problem are met in this case.