Find the number of pairs $(n, q)$, where $n$ is a positive integer and $q$ a non-integer rational number with $0 < q < 2000$, that satisfy $\{q^2\}=\left\{\frac{n!}{2000}\right\}$
1. **Understanding the problem**: We need to find pairs \((n, q)\) where \(n\) is a positive integer and \(q\) is a non-integer rational number such that \(0 < q < 2000\) and \(\{q^2\} = \left\{\frac{n!}{2000}\right\}\). Here, \(\{x\}\) denotes the fractional part of \(x\).

2. **Analyzing the conditions**: 
   - Since \(q\) is a non-integer rational number, \(q^2\) must also be a rational number but not an integer.
   - The fractional part of \(q^2\) must match the fractional part of \(\frac{n!}{2000}\).

3. **Factorial properties**: 
   - For \(n \geq 15\), \(2000\) divides \(n!\) because \(2000 = 2^4 \cdot 5^3\) and \(15!\) contains at least four factors of 2 and three factors of 5. Thus, \(\frac{n!}{2000}\) is an integer for \(n \geq 15\), making \(\left\{\frac{n!}{2000}\right\} = 0\). This implies \(q^2\) must be an integer, contradicting \(q\) being a non-integer rational number. Therefore, \(n \leq 14\).

4. **Prime factorization constraints**:
   - We need to find \(n\) such that \(\frac{n!}{2000}\) is not an integer, meaning \(n!\) should not be divisible by \(2000\).
   - We need to check \(n\) from 1 to 14 to see when \(\frac{n!}{2000}\) is not an integer and has a non-zero fractional part.

5. **Checking values of \(n\)**:
   - For \(n = 1, 2, 3, 4\), \(n!\) is too small to be divisible by \(2000\).
   - For \(n = 5\), \(5! = 120\), \(\frac{120}{2000} = 0.06\), so \(\left\{\frac{5!}{2000}\right\} = 0.06\).
   - For \(n = 6\), \(6! = 720\), \(\frac{720}{2000} = 0.36\), so \(\left\{\frac{6!}{2000}\right\} = 0.36\).
   - For \(n = 7\), \(7! = 5040\), \(\frac{5040}{2000} = 2.52\), so \(\left\{\frac{7!}{2000}\right\} = 0.52\).
   - For \(n = 8\), \(8! = 40320\), \(\frac{40320}{2000} = 20.16\), so \(\left\{\frac{8!}{2000}\right\} = 0.16\).
   - For \(n = 9\), \(9! = 362880\), \(\frac{362880}{2000} = 181.44\), so \(\left\{\frac{9!}{2000}\right\} = 0.44\).
   - For \(n = 10\), \(10! = 3628800\), \(\frac{3628800}{2000} = 1814.4\), so \(\left\{\frac{10!}{2000}\right\} = 0.4\).
   - For \(n = 11\), \(11! = 39916800\), \(\frac{39916800}{2000} = 19958.4\), so \(\left\{\frac{11!}{2000}\right\} = 0.4\).
   - For \(n = 12\), \(12! = 479001600\), \(\frac{479001600}{2000} = 239500.8\), so \(\left\{\frac{12!}{2000}\right\} = 0.8\).
   - For \(n = 13\), \(13! = 6227020800\), \(\frac{6227020800}{2000} = 3113510.4\), so \(\left\{\frac{13!}{2000}\right\} = 0.4\).
   - For \(n = 14\), \(14! = 87178291200\), \(\frac{87178291200}{2000} = 43589145.6\), so \(\left\{\frac{14!}{2000}\right\} = 0.6\).

6. **Matching \(q^2\) with fractional parts**:
   - We need \(q^2\) to have the same fractional part as one of the above values.
   - For \(n = 6\), \(\left\{\frac{6!}{2000}\right\} = 0.36\), so \(q^2 = k + 0.36\) for some integer \(k\).
   - \(q = \sqrt{k + 0.36}\) must be a non-integer rational number. One such \(q\) is \(\frac{3}{5}\), since \(\left(\frac{3}{5}\right)^2 = 0.36\).

Thus, the only pair \((n, q)\) that works is \((6, \frac{3}{5})\).

The final answer is \(\boxed{1}\)