Let $a$, $b$, $c$ be the lengths of the sides of a triangle.  Prove that
\[ \sqrt{a+b-c} + \sqrt{b+c-a} + \sqrt{c+a-b} \leq \sqrt{a} + \sqrt{b} + \sqrt{c} \] 
and determine when equality occurs.
1. **Assume without loss of generality (WLOG) that \(a \geq b \geq c\).** This assumption helps to simplify the problem by ordering the sides of the triangle.

2. **Verify the majorization condition:**
   We need to show that \((a, b, c) \succ (b+c-a, a+c-b, a+b-c)\). Majorization means that the sum of the largest \(k\) elements of the first sequence is at least the sum of the largest \(k\) elements of the second sequence for all \(k\), and the total sums are equal.

   - For \(k=1\):
     \[
     a \geq \max(b+c-a, a+c-b, a+b-c)
     \]
     Since \(a \geq b \geq c\), the maximum of \(b+c-a, a+c-b, a+b-c\) is \(a+b-c\). Thus,
     \[
     a \geq a+b-c
     \]
     which is true because \(b \geq c\).

   - For \(k=2\):
     \[
     a + b \geq (b+c-a) + \max(a+c-b, a+b-c)
     \]
     The maximum of \(a+c-b\) and \(a+b-c\) is \(a+b-c\). Thus,
     \[
     a + b \geq (b+c-a) + (a+b-c)
     \]
     Simplifying,
     \[
     a + b \geq b + c - a + a + b - c
     \]
     \[
     a + b \geq a + b
     \]
     which is true.

   - For \(k=3\):
     \[
     a + b + c = (b+c-a) + (a+c-b) + (a+b-c)
     \]
     Simplifying,
     \[
     a + b + c = b + c - a + a + c - b + a + b - c
     \]
     \[
     a + b + c = a + b + c
     \]
     which is true.

   Therefore, \((a, b, c) \succ (b+c-a, a+c-b, a+b-c)\).

3. **Apply Karamata's inequality:**
   Karamata's inequality states that if \( (x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n) \succ (y_1, y_2, \ldots, y_n) \) and \( f \) is a convex function, then
   \[
   f(x_1) + f(x_2) + \cdots + f(x_n) \geq f(y_1) + f(y_2) + \cdots + f(y_n)
   \]
   Here, \( f(x) = \sqrt{x} \) is a concave function, so we reverse the inequality:
   \[
   \sqrt{a} + \sqrt{b} + \sqrt{c} \leq \sqrt{b+c-a} + \sqrt{a+c-b} + \sqrt{a+b-c}
   \]

4. **Conclusion:**
   By Karamata's inequality, we have:
   \[
   \sqrt{a+b-c} + \sqrt{b+c-a} + \sqrt{c+a-b} \leq \sqrt{a} + \sqrt{b} + \sqrt{c}
   \]

5. **Determine when equality occurs:**
   Equality in Karamata's inequality holds if and only if \( (a, b, c) \) is a permutation of \( (b+c-a, a+c-b, a+b-c) \). This happens if and only if \( a = b = c \).

The final answer is \( \boxed{ \sqrt{a+b-c} + \sqrt{b+c-a} + \sqrt{c+a-b} \leq \sqrt{a} + \sqrt{b} + \sqrt{c} } \) and equality occurs if and only if \(a = b = c\).