Determine all injective functions defined on the set of positive integers into itself satisfying the following condition: If $S$ is a finite set of positive integers such that $\sum\limits_{s\in S}\frac{1}{s}$ is an integer, then $\sum\limits_{s\in S}\frac{1}{f\left( s\right) }$ is also an integer.
1. **Initial Observation:**
   We are given that \( f \) is an injective function from the set of positive integers to itself. We need to find all such functions satisfying the condition: If \( S \) is a finite set of positive integers such that \( \sum_{s \in S} \frac{1}{s} \) is an integer, then \( \sum_{s \in S} \frac{1}{f(s)} \) is also an integer.

2. **Base Case:**
   Clearly, \( f(1) = 1 \). This is because if \( S = \{1\} \), then \( \sum_{s \in S} \frac{1}{s} = 1 \), which is an integer. Therefore, \( \sum_{s \in S} \frac{1}{f(s)} = \frac{1}{f(1)} \) must also be an integer, implying \( f(1) = 1 \).

3. **Analyzing the Harmonic Series:**
   Consider the harmonic series sums:
   \[
   A = \sum_{i=1}^{n-1} \frac{1}{i(i+1)} + \frac{1}{n} = 1
   \]
   and
   \[
   B = \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{1}{i(i+1)} + \frac{1}{n+1} = 1
   \]
   for all \( n \in \{3, 4, \ldots\} \). The difference \( B - A \) is an integer.

4. **Injectivity and Inequality:**
   Since \( f \) is injective and \( f(1) = 1 \), we have \( f(n) \geq 2 \) for all integers \( n > 1 \). Using this inequality:
   \[
   0 + 0 - \frac{1}{2} \leq \frac{1}{f(n(n+1))} + \frac{1}{f(n+1)} - \frac{1}{f(n)} < \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} + 0
   \]
   This implies:
   \[
   \frac{1}{f(n(n+1))} + \frac{1}{f(n+1)} = \frac{1}{f(n)}
   \]
   and \( f \) is increasing (for \( n > 2 \)).

5. **Specific Values:**
   Consider the equation:
   \[
   \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{6} = 1 \Rightarrow \frac{1}{f(2)} + \frac{1}{f(3)} + \frac{1}{f(6)} = 1
   \]
   Using \( f(n) \geq 2 \), we get:
   \[
   \{f(2), f(3), f(6)\} = \{2, 3, 6\}
   \]
   since the positive integer solution of the equation \( \frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{y} + \frac{1}{z} = 1 \) with distinct \( x, y, z \) is \( \{2, 3, 6\} \).

6. **Determining \( f(2) \), \( f(3) \), and \( f(6) \):**
   Clearly, \( f(3) \neq 6 \) (otherwise \( f(6) < f(3) \)). If \( f(3) = 2 \), then:
   \[
   \frac{1}{f(2)} + \frac{1}{f(6)} = \frac{1}{2} \Rightarrow \frac{1}{f(4)} + \frac{1}{f(12)} = \frac{1}{2}
   \]
   This implies:
   \[
   \{f(4), f(12)\} = \{3, 6\}
   \]
   which is a contradiction since \( f \) is injective. Therefore:
   \[
   f(2) = 2, \quad f(3) = 3, \quad f(6) = 6
   \]
   and since \( f \) is increasing, we have \( f(4) = 4 \) and \( f(5) = 5 \).

7. **Induction Hypothesis:**
   We will use induction to prove that \( f(n) = n \) for all \( n \in \{3, 4, \ldots\} \).

   **Base Step:**
   We have already shown \( f(4) = 4 \).

   **Inductive Step:**
   Assume \( f(k) = k \) for all \( k < n \). We need to prove \( f(n) = n \).

   By hypothesis and the earlier result:
   \[
   f(n-2) = n-2 \quad \text{and} \quad f(n-1) = n-1 \Rightarrow f((n-2)(n-1)) = (n-2)(n-1)
   \]
   But \( n < (n-2)(n-1) \) for all \( n \geq 4 \), which implies \( f(n) = n \).

\(\blacksquare\)

The final answer is \( \boxed{ f(n) = n } \) for all positive integers \( n \).