We are given a square $ ABCD$. Let $ P$ be a point not equal to a corner of the square or to its center $ M$. For any such $ P$, we let $ E$ denote the common point of the lines $ PD$ and $ AC$, if such a point exists. Furthermore, we let $ F$ denote the common point of the lines $ PC$ and $ BD$, if such a point exists. All such points $ P$, for which $ E$ and $ F$ exist are called acceptable points. Determine the set of all acceptable points, for which the line $ EF$ is parallel to $ AD$.
1. **Define the problem and setup:**
   We are given a square \(ABCD\) with center \(M\). Let \(P\) be a point not equal to any corner of the square or its center. We define \(E\) as the intersection of lines \(PD\) and \(AC\), and \(F\) as the intersection of lines \(PC\) and \(BD\). We need to determine the set of all acceptable points \(P\) for which the line \(EF\) is parallel to \(AD\).

2. **Assume \(EF \parallel AD\):**
   If \(EF \parallel AD\), then \(EF \perp CD\). This implies that \(E\) and \(F\) must be positioned such that the line \(EF\) is perpendicular to \(CD\).

3. **Orthocenter property:**
   Since \(EF \perp CD\), \(E\) must be the orthocenter of triangle \(FDC\). This means that \(DE \perp CF\).

4. **Angle condition:**
   Given that \(E\) is the orthocenter, we have \(\angle DPC = 90^\circ\). This is because the orthocenter property implies that the altitude from \(D\) to \(CF\) and from \(C\) to \(DF\) intersect at \(E\), making \(\angle DPC = 90^\circ\).

5. **Circumcircle of \(\triangle DOC\):**
   Since \(\angle DPC = 90^\circ\) and \(\angle DOC = 90^\circ\) (as \(O\) is the center of the square), point \(P\) must lie on the circumcircle of \(\triangle DOC\).

6. **Exclusion of specific points:**
   The acceptable points on this circle are those that are not \(O\), \(C\), \(D\), or the reflection of \(O\) about \(CD\). This is because these points would either be the center or vertices of the square, or would not satisfy the condition of \(P\) being distinct from the center and vertices.

7. **Verification of acceptable points:**
   For any point \(P\) on the circumcircle of \(\triangle DOC\) (excluding \(O\), \(C\), \(D\), and the reflection of \(O\) about \(CD\)), the intersection points \(E\) and \(F\) will exist, and the line \(EF\) will be parallel to \(AD\).

8. **Conclusion:**
   Therefore, the set of all acceptable points \(P\) for which the line \(EF\) is parallel to \(AD\) are all points on the circumcircle of \(\triangle DOC\) excluding \(O\), \(C\), \(D\), and the reflection of \(O\) about \(CD\).

\(\blacksquare\)

The final answer is the set of all points on the circumcircle of \( \boxed{ \triangle DOC } \) excluding \(O\), \(C\), \(D\), and the reflection of \(O\) about \(CD\).