A finite set of positive integers is called [i]isolated [/i]if the sum of the numbers in any given proper subset is co-prime with the sum of the elements of the set.

a) Prove that the set $A=\{4,9,16,25,36,49\}$ is isolated;

b) Determine the composite numbers $n$ for which there exist the positive integers  $a,b$ such that the set
\[ A=\{(a+b)^2, (a+2b)^2,\ldots, (a+nb)^2\}\] is isolated.
### Part (a)
1. **Calculate the sum of the set \( A \):**
   \[
   A = \{4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49\}
   \]
   The sum of the elements in \( A \) is:
   \[
   S = 4 + 9 + 16 + 25 + 36 + 49 = 139
   \]
2. **Check if the sum \( S \) is a prime number:**
   - The number 139 is a prime number because it has no divisors other than 1 and itself.
3. **Verify the condition for isolated set:**
   - For any proper subset \( B \subset A \), the sum of the elements in \( B \) must be co-prime with 139.
   - Since 139 is a prime number, any integer that is not a multiple of 139 is co-prime with 139.
   - The sum of any proper subset of \( A \) will be less than 139 and hence cannot be a multiple of 139.

Thus, the set \( A = \{4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49\} \) is isolated.

### Part (b)
1. **Express the sum of the elements in the set \( A \):**
   \[
   A = \{(a+b)^2, (a+2b)^2, \ldots, (a+nb)^2\}
   \]
   The sum of the elements in \( A \) is:
   \[
   S = \sum_{k=1}^{n} (a+kb)^2
   \]
   Expanding the sum:
   \[
   S = \sum_{k=1}^{n} (a^2 + 2akb + k^2b^2) = na^2 + 2ab \sum_{k=1}^{n} k + b^2 \sum_{k=1}^{n} k^2
   \]
   Using the formulas for the sums of the first \( n \) natural numbers and the first \( n \) squares:
   \[
   \sum_{k=1}^{n} k = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}, \quad \sum_{k=1}^{n} k^2 = \frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}
   \]
   Substituting these into the expression for \( S \):
   \[
   S = na^2 + 2ab \cdot \frac{n(n+1)}{2} + b^2 \cdot \frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}
   \]
   Simplifying:
   \[
   S = na^2 + n(n+1)ab + \frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}b^2
   \]

2. **Determine the composite numbers \( n \) for which the set is isolated:**
   - For the set to be isolated, the sum \( S \) must be co-prime with the sum of any proper subset.
   - If \( n > 6 \) or \( n = 4 \), there exists a divisor \( d > 1 \) of \( n \) which divides \( S \).
   - At least one of \( a+b, a+2b, \ldots, a+nb \) is divisible by \( n \) and thus by \( d \), meaning it is not co-prime with \( S \).

Thus, the only composite number \( n \) for which the set is isolated is \( n = 6 \).

The final answer is \( \boxed{ n = 6 } \).