1. How much did the euro exchange rate change over the 2012 year (from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012)? Provide the answer in rubles, rounded to the nearest whole number.
Answer: 1 or -1. On January 1, 2012, the euro was worth 41.6714, and on December 31, it was 40.2286. $40.2286-41.6714=-1.4428 \approx-1$.

Note: This problem could have been solved using the internet. For example, the website https://news.yandex.ru/quotes/region/23.html