We are given a real number $a$, not equal to $0$ or $1$. Sacho and Deni play the following game. First is Sasho and then Deni and so on (they take turns). On each turn, a player changes one of the “*” symbols in the equation:
\[*x^4+*x^3+*x^2+*x^1+*=0\]
with a number of the type $a^n$, where $n$ is a whole number. Sasho wins if at the end the equation has no real roots, Deni wins otherwise. Determine (in term of $a$) who has a winning strategy
We are given a polynomial equation of the form:
\[ *x^4 + *x^3 + *x^2 + *x^1 + * = 0 \]
where each "*" can be replaced by a number of the form \(a^n\) where \(n\) is a whole number. Sasho and Deni take turns to replace the "*" symbols, with Sasho going first. Sasho wins if the final polynomial has no real roots, and Deni wins otherwise. We need to determine who has a winning strategy based on the value of \(a\).

Let's analyze the three cases: \(a > 1\), \(0 < a < 1\), and \(a < 0\).

### Case I: \(a < 0\)
In this case, Deni has a winning strategy. Here's why:

1. **Deni's Strategy**: Deni can always ensure that the polynomial has real roots by making the leading coefficient \(c_4\) and the constant term \(c_0\) have opposite signs. This can be done by waiting for Sasho to place one of these coefficients and then placing the other with a different sign.
2. **Intermediate Value Theorem**: If \(P(x)\) is a polynomial such that \(P(0)\) and \(P(\infty)\) have different signs, then by the Intermediate Value Theorem, \(P(x)\) must have at least one real root.

Thus, Deni wins in this case.

### Case II: \(a > 1\)
In this case, Sasho has a winning strategy. Here's why:

1. **Sasho's First Move**: Sasho places \(c_3 = a^0 = 1\).
2. **Deni's Response**: If Deni does not place \(c_1\), Sasho will place \(c_1 = 1\). If Deni places \(c_1 = a^X\), Sasho will place \(c_0 = a^N\) where \(N > 2X + 1\).
3. **Analyzing the Polynomial**: Suppose \(P(x) = c_4 x^4 + c_3 x^3 + c_2 x^2 + c_1 x + c_0\) has a real root \(\alpha\). Note that all coefficients are positive, so \(\alpha\) must be negative.
   - **Subcase (a)**: If \(|\alpha| < 1\), then \(|c_2 \alpha^2| > |c_3 \alpha^3| = |\alpha^3|\) and \(|c_0| > |c_1 \alpha|\), so \(P(\alpha) > 0\).
   - **Subcase (b)**: If \(1 < |\alpha| \leq a^X\), then \(|c_4 \alpha^4| > |c_3 \alpha^3| = |\alpha^3|\) and \(|c_0| = |a^N| > |a^{2X}| \geq |a^X \alpha| = |c_1 \alpha|\), so \(P(\alpha) > 0\).
   - **Subcase (c)**: If \(|\alpha| > a^X\), then \(|c_4 \alpha^4| > |c_3 \alpha^3| = |\alpha^3|\) and \(|c_2 \alpha^2| \geq |\alpha^2| > |a^X \alpha| = |c_1 \alpha|\), so \(P(\alpha) > 0\).

Thus, \(P(x)\) has no real roots, and Sasho wins.

### Case III: \(0 < a < 1\)
In this case, Sasho also has a winning strategy. Here's why:

1. **Sasho's First Move**: Sasho places \(c_2 = 1\).
2. **Deni's Response**: If Deni places \(c_1\), Sasho places \(c_0 = 1\). If Deni places \(c_0\), Sasho places \(c_1\) such that \(c_1\) is smaller than \(c_0\). Sasho continues this strategy for \(c_3\) and \(c_4\).
3. **Analyzing the Polynomial**: With this strategy, we have \(|c_2|, |c_0| \geq |c_1|\) and \(|c_4|, |c_2| \geq |c_3|\). Using a similar argument as in Case II, we can show that \(P(x)\) is always positive, so it has no real roots.

Thus, Sasho wins in this case as well.

The final answer is Sasho wins if \( \boxed{ a > 1 } \) or \(0 < a < 1\), and Deni wins if \(a < 0\).