Let $a,b$ be positive integers. Prove that $$\min(\gcd(a,b+1),\gcd(a+1,b))\leq\frac{\sqrt{4a+4b+5}-1}{2}$$ When does the equality hold?
1. Define \( d_1 = \gcd(a, b+1) \) and \( d_2 = \gcd(a+1, b) \). Note that both \( d_1 \) and \( d_2 \) divide \( a+b+1 \). This is because:
   \[
   d_1 = \gcd(a, b+1) \implies d_1 \mid a \text{ and } d_1 \mid (b+1) \implies d_1 \mid (a + b + 1)
   \]
   Similarly,
   \[
   d_2 = \gcd(a+1, b) \implies d_2 \mid (a+1) \text{ and } d_2 \mid b \implies d_2 \mid (a + b + 1)
   \]

2. Since \( d_1 \) and \( d_2 \) are both divisors of \( a+b+1 \), and \( \gcd(d_1, d_2) = 1 \) (as \( d_1 \) and \( d_2 \) are coprime), it follows that \( d_1 d_2 \) divides \( a+b+1 \). Therefore:
   \[
   d_1 d_2 \leq a + b + 1
   \]

3. Without loss of generality, assume \( d_2 \geq d_1 \). Then, we can write:
   \[
   d_1 (d_1 + 1) \leq d_1 d_2 \leq a + b + 1
   \]
   This implies:
   \[
   d_1^2 + d_1 \leq a + b + 1
   \]

4. Solving the quadratic inequality \( d_1^2 + d_1 - (a + b + 1) \leq 0 \), we use the quadratic formula:
   \[
   d_1 \leq \frac{-1 + \sqrt{1 + 4(a + b + 1)}}{2} = \frac{-1 + \sqrt{4a + 4b + 5}}{2}
   \]

5. Therefore, we have:
   \[
   \min(\gcd(a, b+1), \gcd(a+1, b)) \leq \frac{\sqrt{4a + 4b + 5} - 1}{2}
   \]

6. To determine when equality holds, assume \( \gcd(a, b+1) = d \) and \( \gcd(a+1, b) = d+1 \). Then:
   \[
   a + b + 1 = d(d+1)
   \]

7. We have the congruences:
   \[
   a \equiv 0 \pmod{d} \quad \text{and} \quad a \equiv -1 \pmod{d+1}
   \]
   Solving these, we get:
   \[
   a \equiv d \pmod{d(d+1)}
   \]

8. Similarly, for \( b \):
   \[
   b \equiv -1 \pmod{d} \quad \text{and} \quad b \equiv 0 \pmod{d+1}
   \]
   Solving these, we get:
   \[
   b \equiv -d-1 \pmod{d(d+1)}
   \]

9. Therefore, \( a \geq d \) and \( b \geq d^2 - 1 \). Since \( a + b + 1 = d(d+1) \), it follows that:
   \[
   (a, b) = (d, d^2 - 1)
   \]

10. This gives equality, and the answer is:
   \[
   \{a, b\} = \{d, d^2 - 1\} \quad \text{for any } d \geq 2
   \]

The final answer is \( \boxed{ \min(\gcd(a, b+1), \gcd(a+1, b)) \leq \frac{\sqrt{4a + 4b + 5} - 1}{2} } \)