Determine the number of real solutions of the system \[\left\{ \begin{aligned}\cos x_{1}&= x_{2}\\ &\cdots \\ \cos x_{n-1}&= x_{n}\\ \cos x_{n}&= x_{1}\\ \end{aligned}\right.\]
1. Consider the system of equations:
   \[
   \left\{ 
   \begin{aligned}
   \cos x_{1} &= x_{2} \\
   \cos x_{2} &= x_{3} \\
   &\vdots \\
   \cos x_{n-1} &= x_{n} \\
   \cos x_{n} &= x_{1}
   \end{aligned}
   \right.
   \]
   We need to determine the number of real solutions for this system.

2. Let us denote \( x_0 = x_n \). Then, the system can be rewritten as:
   \[
   x_{i+1} = \cos x_i \quad \text{for} \quad i = 1, 2, \ldots, n-1
   \]
   and
   \[
   x_1 = \cos x_n.
   \]

3. We need to find the fixed points of the function \( f(x) = \cos x \). A fixed point \( x \) satisfies \( \cos x = x \).

4. The function \( f(x) = \cos x \) has a well-known fixed point in the interval \((0, 1)\). This fixed point is the solution to the equation \( \cos x = x \).

5. Let us denote this fixed point by \( x_0 \). Then, \( x_0 \) satisfies:
   \[
   \cos x_0 = x_0.
   \]

6. If \( x_1 = x_2 = \cdots = x_n = x_0 \), then each equation in the system is satisfied because:
   \[
   \cos x_0 = x_0.
   \]

7. Now, we need to check if there are any other possible solutions. Suppose \( x_1 \neq x_2 \). Without loss of generality, assume \( x_1 > x_2 \). Then:
   \[
   x_2 = \cos x_1 \quad \text{and} \quad x_3 = \cos x_2.
   \]
   Since \( \cos x \) is a decreasing function in the interval \((0, \pi)\), we have:
   \[
   x_1 > x_2 \implies \cos x_1 < \cos x_2 \implies x_2 > x_3.
   \]
   Continuing this process, we get:
   \[
   x_1 > x_2 > x_3 > \cdots > x_n > x_1,
   \]
   which is a contradiction.

8. Therefore, the only possible solution is \( x_1 = x_2 = \cdots = x_n = x_0 \).

9. To confirm that \( x_0 \) is the only solution, consider the function \( g(x) = \cos(\cos x) - x \). The derivative of \( g(x) \) is:
   \[
   g'(x) = -\sin(\cos x) \cdot \sin x - 1.
   \]
   Since \( \sin(\cos x) \cdot \sin x \geq 0 \) for \( x \in (0, 1) \), we have \( g'(x) < 0 \). This implies that \( g(x) \) is strictly decreasing, and hence \( g(x) = 0 \) has at most one solution.

10. Since \( x_0 \) is a solution to \( g(x) = 0 \), it must be the only solution.

\(\blacksquare\)

The final answer is \( \boxed{ x_1 = x_2 = \cdots = x_n = x_0 } \).