A pile of $n$ pebbles is placed in a vertical column. This configuration is modified according to the following rules. A pebble can be moved if it is at the top of a column which contains at least two more pebbles than the column immediately to its right. (If there are no pebbles to the right, think of this as a column with 0 pebbles.) At each stage, choose a pebble from among those that can be moved (if there are any) and place it at the top of the column to its right. If no pebbles can be moved, the configuration is called a [i]final configuration[/i]. For each $n$, show that, no matter what choices are made at each stage, the final configuration obtained is unique. Describe that configuration in terms of $n$.

[url=http://www.mathlinks.ro/Forum/viewtopic.php?p=119189]IMO ShortList 2001, combinatorics problem 7, alternative[/url]
1. **Initial Setup and Definitions:**
   - We start with a pile of \( n \) pebbles in a single column.
   - The operation rule allows moving a pebble from the top of a column to the top of the column immediately to its right if the column has at least two more pebbles than the column to its right.
   - The goal is to show that the final configuration is unique regardless of the choices made during the process.

2. **Claim 1: The sequence must be non-increasing.**
   - **Proof:** 
     - By the operation rule, a pebble can only be moved if the column it is in has at least two more pebbles than the column to its right.
     - This ensures that the number of pebbles in any column is always greater than or equal to the number of pebbles in the column to its right.
     - Therefore, the sequence of column heights is non-increasing.

3. **Claim 2: The final configuration can only differ by 0 or 1 for every consecutive pile.**
   - **Proof:**
     - If the difference between consecutive columns were greater than 1, a pebble could still be moved according to the operation rule.
     - Hence, in the final configuration, the difference between the heights of consecutive columns must be 0 or 1.

4. **Claim 3: The final configuration cannot have at least 3 of the same numbers in a row.**
   - **Proof:**
     - Assume for contradiction that there are at least 3 columns with the same number of pebbles, say \( a \).
     - This would imply a sequence like \( \cdots, a, a, a, \cdots \).
     - However, any reverse-operation applied to this would create an increasing sequence, which contradicts the non-increasing property established in Claim 1.

5. **Claim 4: The final configuration cannot have more than 1 pair of consecutive equal integers.**
   - **Proof:**
     - Assume for contradiction that there are more than 1 pair of consecutive equal integers.
     - This would imply a sequence like \( \cdots, n+k, n+k, n+k-1, n+k-2, \cdots, n, n, \cdots \).
     - Performing reverse-operations on these pairs would eventually lead to a configuration where the pairs are next to each other, creating a row of 3 or an increasing sequence, which contradicts Claims 1 and 3.

6. **Uniqueness of the Final Configuration:**
   - The claims ensure that the final configuration is unique and follows a specific pattern.
   - To find this unique configuration, we need to determine the largest integer \( k \) such that \( n > \frac{k(k+1)}{2} \).
   - This \( k \) can be found using the formula \( k = \left\lfloor \frac{-1 + \sqrt{1 + 8n}}{2} \right\rfloor \).

7. **Constructing the Final Configuration:**
   - The sequence will be \( k, k-1, k-2, \ldots, 2, 1 \).
   - The remaining pebbles, \( n - \frac{k(k+1)}{2} \), are added to the sequence.

8. **Example for \( n = 2001 \):**
   - Calculate \( k \):
     \[
     k = \left\lfloor \frac{-1 + \sqrt{1 + 8 \times 2001}}{2} \right\rfloor = \left\lfloor \frac{-1 + \sqrt{16009}}{2} \right\rfloor = \left\lfloor \frac{-1 + 126.5}{2} \right\rfloor = 62
     \]
   - The sequence is \( 62, 61, 60, \ldots, 2, 1 \).
   - The remaining pebbles are \( 2001 - \frac{62 \times 63}{2} = 2001 - 1953 = 48 \).
   - The final configuration is \( 62, 61, \ldots, 49, 48, 48, 47, \ldots, 1 \).

The final answer is \( \boxed{ 62, 61, \ldots, 49, 48, 48, 47, \ldots, 1 } \).