A positive integer $n$ is called $special$ if there exist integers $a > 1$ and $b > 1$ such that $n=a^b + b$. Is there a set of $2014$ consecutive positive integers that contains exactly $2012$ $special$ numbers?
1. **Understanding the Problem:**
   We need to determine if there exists a set of 2014 consecutive positive integers that contains exactly 2012 special numbers. A number \( n \) is called special if there exist integers \( a > 1 \) and \( b > 1 \) such that \( n = a^b + b \).

2. **Discrete Continuity Argument:**
   The idea is to use a form of the intermediate value theorem for integers, often referred to as "discrete continuity." If we can find a set of 2014 consecutive integers with 0 special numbers and another set with 2014 special numbers, then as we move from one set to the other, the number of special numbers will change by at most 1 for each shift. Therefore, we will encounter a set with exactly 2012 special numbers.

3. **Finding a Set with 0 Special Numbers:**
   The density of special numbers in the set of positive integers is 0. This means that for any large enough interval, the proportion of special numbers can be made arbitrarily small. Therefore, it is possible to find a set of 2014 consecutive integers with no special numbers.

4. **Finding a Set with 2014 Special Numbers:**
   Consider the set of numbers starting from \( 2^{\mathrm{lcm}(2, \ldots, 2015)} + 2 \). The least common multiple (LCM) of the numbers from 2 to 2015 is a very large number, and adding 2 ensures that we are in a range where each number can be expressed as \( a^b + b \) for some \( a > 1 \) and \( b > 1 \). This construction ensures that all 2014 numbers in this set are special.

5. **Sliding the Window:**
   By sliding the window of 2014 consecutive integers from the set with 0 special numbers to the set with 2014 special numbers, we will pass through a set with exactly 2012 special numbers. This is guaranteed by the discrete continuity argument, as the number of special numbers changes by at most 1 for each shift.

\[
\boxed{\text{True}}
\]