Find the locus of the foot of the perpendicular from the center of a rectangular hyperbola to a tangent. Obtain its equation in polar coordinates and sketch it.
1. **Given the rectangular hyperbola**: 
   \[
   xy = 1 \implies (x, y) = \left(t, \frac{1}{t}\right), \, t \in \mathbb{R}.
   \]
   The center of the hyperbola is at \((0, 0)\).

2. **Find the slope of the tangent**:
   \[
   xy = 1 \implies y + x \frac{dy}{dx} = 0 \implies \frac{dy}{dx} = -\frac{y}{x}.
   \]
   At the point \(\left(t, \frac{1}{t}\right)\), the slope of the tangent is:
   \[
   \frac{dy}{dx} = -\frac{\frac{1}{t}}{t} = -\frac{1}{t^2}.
   \]

3. **Equation of the tangent at \(\left(t, \frac{1}{t}\right)\)**:
   Using the point-slope form of the line equation:
   \[
   y - \frac{1}{t} = -\frac{1}{t^2}(x - t).
   \]
   Simplifying, we get:
   \[
   t^2 y - t = -x + t \implies x + t^2 y - 2t = 0.
   \]

4. **Foot of the perpendicular from the center \((0, 0)\) to the tangent**:
   Let the foot of the perpendicular be \((h, k)\). The slope of the line perpendicular to the tangent is \(t^2\). Therefore:
   \[
   k = t^2 h.
   \]
   Substituting \(k = t^2 h\) into the tangent equation:
   \[
   h + t^2 (t^2 h) - 2t = 0 \implies h + t^4 h - 2t = 0 \implies h(1 + t^4) = 2t \implies h = \frac{2t}{1 + t^4}.
   \]
   Then:
   \[
   k = t^2 h = t^2 \left(\frac{2t}{1 + t^4}\right) = \frac{2t^3}{1 + t^4}.
   \]

5. **Expressing \(h\) and \(k\) in terms of \(t\)**:
   \[
   \frac{k}{h} = t^2.
   \]
   Also:
   \[
   hk = \frac{2t}{1 + t^4} \cdot \frac{2t^3}{1 + t^4} = \frac{4t^4}{(1 + t^4)^2}.
   \]
   Substituting \(\frac{k}{h} = t^2\):
   \[
   hk = \frac{4 \left(\frac{k}{h}\right)^2}{\left(1 + \left(\frac{k}{h}\right)^2\right)^2} = \frac{4h^2 k^2}{(h^2 + k^2)^2}.
   \]
   Therefore:
   \[
   (h^2 + k^2)^2 = 4hk.
   \]

6. **Convert to polar coordinates**:
   Let \(h = r \cos \theta\) and \(k = r \sin \theta\):
   \[
   (r^2 \cos^2 \theta + r^2 \sin^2 \theta)^2 = 4r^2 \cos \theta \sin \theta.
   \]
   Simplifying:
   \[
   r^4 = 4r^2 \cos \theta \sin \theta \implies r^2 = 2 \sin(2\theta).
   \]

The final answer is \(\boxed{r^2 = 2 \sin(2\theta)}\).