In a convex quadrilateral (in the plane) with the area of $32 \text{ cm}^{2}$ the sum of two opposite sides and a diagonal is $16 \text{ cm}$. Determine all the possible values that the other diagonal can have.
1. **Introduce Notations and Given Information:**
   Let \(ABCD\) be a convex quadrilateral with the area \(32 \text{ cm}^2\). We are given that \(AB + BD + CD = 16 \text{ cm}\). We need to find the length of the diagonal \(AC\).

2. **Divide the Quadrilateral into Two Triangles:**
   Let \(S\) and \(S'\) be the areas of triangles \(ABD\) and \(CDB\), respectively. Since the area of the quadrilateral \(ABCD\) is the sum of these two areas, we have:
   \[
   S + S' = 32 \text{ cm}^2
   \]

3. **Express the Areas of the Triangles:**
   The area \(S\) of triangle \(ABD\) can be expressed as:
   \[
   S = \frac{1}{2} \cdot AB \cdot BD \cdot \sin \angle ABD
   \]
   Similarly, the area \(S'\) of triangle \(CDB\) can be expressed as:
   \[
   S' = \frac{1}{2} \cdot CD \cdot BD \cdot \sin \angle CDB
   \]

4. **Sum of the Areas:**
   Adding the areas of the two triangles, we get:
   \[
   32 = S + S' = \frac{1}{2} \cdot AB \cdot BD \cdot \sin \angle ABD + \frac{1}{2} \cdot CD \cdot BD \cdot \sin \angle CDB
   \]

5. **Use of Trigonometric Inequalities:**
   Since \(\sin \angle ABD \leq 1\) and \(\sin \angle CDB \leq 1\), with equality if and only if \(\angle ABD = 90^\circ\) and \(\angle CDB = 90^\circ\), respectively, we have:
   \[
   32 \leq \frac{1}{2} \cdot AB \cdot BD + \frac{1}{2} \cdot CD \cdot BD = \frac{1}{2} \cdot (AB + CD) \cdot BD
   \]

6. **Apply AM-GM Inequality:**
   By the AM-GM inequality applied to \(AB + CD\) and \(BD\), we get:
   \[
   (AB + CD) \cdot BD \leq \left( \frac{(AB + CD) + BD}{2} \right)^2 = \left( \frac{16}{2} \right)^2 = 64
   \]
   Therefore:
   \[
   32 \leq \frac{1}{2} \cdot 64 = 32
   \]

7. **Equality Conditions:**
   Since the left-hand side and the right-hand side of the inequality are equal, all intermediate inequalities must also be equalities. This implies:
   - \(\sin \angle ABD = 1\) and \(\sin \angle CDB = 1\), so \(\angle ABD = 90^\circ\) and \(\angle CDB = 90^\circ\).
   - \(AB + CD = BD\).

8. **Geometric Implications:**
   Since \(\angle ABD = 90^\circ\) and \(\angle CDB = 90^\circ\), \(AB \perp BD\) and \(CD \perp BD\), implying \(AB \parallel CD\). Thus, \(ABCD\) is a trapezoid with \(AB\) and \(CD\) as parallel sides.

9. **Calculate \(BD\):**
   Given \(AB + BD + CD = 16\) and \(AB + CD = BD\), we have:
   \[
   16 = BD + BD = 2 \cdot BD \implies BD = \frac{16}{2} = 8 \text{ cm}
   \]

10. **Calculate \(AC\):**
    Since \(AB \parallel CD\) and \(\angle ABD = \angle CDB = 90^\circ\), triangles \(ABD\) and \(CDB\) are right triangles. The length of the diagonal \(AC\) can be found using the Pythagorean theorem in the isosceles right triangles formed by \(BD\):
    \[
    AC = \sqrt{2} \cdot BD = \sqrt{2} \cdot 8 = 8\sqrt{2} \text{ cm}
    \]

The final answer is \(\boxed{8\sqrt{2} \text{ cm}}\)