20. [11] Determine the number of sequences of sets $S_{1}, S_{2}, \ldots, S_{999}$ such that
$$
S_{1} \subseteq S_{2} \subseteq \cdots \subseteq S_{999} \subseteq\{1,2, \ldots, 999\} .
$$

Here $A \subseteq B$ means that all elements of $A$ are also elements of $B$.
Answer: $10^{2997}$ OR $1000^{999}$ The idea is to look at each element individually, rather than each subset. For each $k \in\{1,2, \ldots, 999\}$, there are 1000 choices for the first subset in the chain that contains $k$. This count includes the possibility that $k$ doesn't appear in any of the subsets. If $S_{i}$ is the first subset containing $k$, for some $i \in\{1,2, \ldots, 999\}$, then $k$ is also in $S_{j}$, for all $i<j \leq 999$. As a result, picking the first subset that contains $k$ uniquely determines the appearance of $k$ in all the subsets. It follows that there are $1000^{999}$ such subset chains.