Juan wrote a natural number and Maria added a digit $ 1$ to the left and a digit $ 1$ to the right. Maria's number exceeds to the number of Juan in $14789$. Find the number of Juan.
1. Let Juan's number be denoted by \( j \), which has \( k \) digits.
2. When Maria adds a digit \( 1 \) to the left and a digit \( 1 \) to the right of \( j \), the new number can be expressed as \( 10^{k+1} + 10j + 1 \).
3. According to the problem, Maria's number exceeds Juan's number by 14789. Therefore, we have the equation:
   \[
   10^{k+1} + 10j + 1 - j = 14789
   \]
4. Simplify the equation:
   \[
   10^{k+1} + 9j + 1 = 14789
   \]
5. Subtract 1 from both sides:
   \[
   10^{k+1} + 9j = 14788
   \]
6. We need to determine the value of \( k \). Since \( j \) is a natural number and \( 10^{k+1} \) must be a power of 10, we estimate \( k \) by considering the magnitude of \( 10^{k+1} \). Given that \( 14788 \) is a 5-digit number, \( 10^{k+1} \) should be a 4-digit number, implying \( k+1 = 4 \) or \( k = 3 \).
7. Substitute \( k = 3 \) into the equation:
   \[
   10^{3+1} + 9j = 14788
   \]
   \[
   10000 + 9j = 14788
   \]
8. Solve for \( j \):
   \[
   9j = 14788 - 10000
   \]
   \[
   9j = 4788
   \]
   \[
   j = \frac{4788}{9}
   \]
   \[
   j = 532
   \]
9. Verify the solution by substituting \( j = 532 \) back into the original context:
   - Maria's number: \( 10^{3+1} + 10 \cdot 532 + 1 = 10000 + 5320 + 1 = 15321 \)
   - Difference: \( 15321 - 532 = 14789 \), which matches the given condition.

Thus, the number of Juan is \( 532 \).

The final answer is \( \boxed{532} \).