suppose that polynomial $p(x)=x^{2010}\pm x^{2009}\pm...\pm x\pm 1$ does not have a real root. what is the maximum number of coefficients to be $-1$?(14 points)
To solve the problem, we need to determine the maximum number of coefficients that can be $-1$ in the polynomial \( p(x) = x^{2010} \pm x^{2009} \pm \cdots \pm x \pm 1 \) such that the polynomial has no real roots.

1. **Understanding the Polynomial Behavior**:
   Since the polynomial \( p(x) \) has no real roots and \(\lim_{x \to \infty} p(x) = +\infty\), it implies that \( p(x) > 0 \) for all real \( x \). This is because if \( p(x) \) were to be negative at any point, it would have to cross the x-axis to become positive again, implying a real root, which contradicts the given condition.

2. **Evaluating \( p(1) \)**:
   For \( p(x) \) to be positive for all \( x \), it must be positive at \( x = 1 \). Evaluating \( p(1) \):
   \[
   p(1) = 1^{2010} \pm 1^{2009} \pm \cdots \pm 1 \pm 1 = 1 \pm 1 \pm \cdots \pm 1 \pm 1
   \]
   Since each term is either \( +1 \) or \( -1 \), the sum of all coefficients must be positive. There are 2011 terms in total. Let \( k \) be the number of \( -1 \) coefficients. Then the number of \( +1 \) coefficients is \( 2011 - k \). Therefore:
   \[
   p(1) = (2011 - k) - k = 2011 - 2k
   \]
   For \( p(1) > 0 \):
   \[
   2011 - 2k > 0 \implies 2011 > 2k \implies k < \frac{2011}{2} = 1005.5
   \]
   Since \( k \) must be an integer, the maximum value of \( k \) is 1005.

3. **Constructing a Polynomial with 1005 Negative Coefficients**:
   We need to construct a polynomial with exactly 1005 negative coefficients and show that it has no real roots. Consider the polynomial:
   \[
   P_0(x) = \sum_{k=0}^{501} (x^{2010-2k} - x^{2010-2k-1} - x^{2k+1} + x^{2k}) + x^{1006} - x^{1005} + x^{1004}
   \]
   Let's analyze the terms:
   - \( x^{1006} - x^{1005} + x^{1004} = x^{1004}(x^2 - x + 1) \geq 0 \) for all \( x \).
   - Each term \( x^{2010-2k} - x^{2010-2k-1} - x^{2k+1} + x^{2k} \) can be rewritten as:
     \[
     x^{2k}(x-1)^2(x^{2010-4k-2} + \cdots + 1)
     \]
     Since \( (x-1)^2 \geq 0 \) and \( x^{2010-4k-2} + \cdots + 1 \) has no real roots (it is a sum of positive terms), each term is non-negative.

4. **Verifying Non-Negativity**:
   Since all terms in the sum are non-negative and \( P_0(0) = P_0(1) = 1 \), \( P_0(x) \) is non-negative for all \( x \) and has no real roots.

Therefore, the maximum number of coefficients that can be \( -1 \) is 1005.

The final answer is \(\boxed{1005}\).