The sum of several positive integers, not necessarily different, all of them less than or equal to $10$, is equal to $S$. We want to distribute all these numbers into two groups such that the sum of the numbers in each group is less than or equal to $80.$ Determine all values ​​of $S$ for which this is possible.
1. **Claim:** If \( S \) works, then \( S-1 \) works.
   - **Proof:** Assume we have a set of integers summing to \( S-1 \) that can be partitioned into two groups each with a sum less than or equal to \( 80 \). Add a copy of \( 1 \) to this set. The new sum is \( S \). Since adding \( 1 \) to one of the groups increases its sum by \( 1 \), the sum of each group remains less than or equal to \( 80 \). Therefore, \( S \) can also be partitioned into two groups with sums less than or equal to \( 80 \).

2. **Contrapositive:** If \( S \) does not work, then \( S+1 \) does not work.
   - This follows directly from the claim above. If \( S \) cannot be partitioned into two groups with sums less than or equal to \( 80 \), then adding any positive integer to this set will result in a sum that also cannot be partitioned into two groups with sums less than or equal to \( 80 \).

3. **Base Case:** Show that \( S = 152 \) works.
   - Consider the maximum possible sum of integers less than or equal to \( 10 \) that can be partitioned into two groups with sums less than or equal to \( 80 \). The maximum number of integers \( 10 \) that can be included in such a set is \( 15 \) (since \( 15 \times 10 = 150 \)). Adding any combination of integers less than or equal to \( 2 \) will still allow the sum to be partitioned into two groups with sums less than or equal to \( 80 \). Therefore, \( S = 152 \) can be partitioned as required.

4. **Show that \( S = 153 \) does not work.**
   - Consider the set \( \{9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9\} \). The sum of this set is \( 153 \). If we try to partition this set into two groups, each group must contain at least \( 9 \) elements of \( 9 \) to balance the sum. However, \( 9 \times 9 = 81 \), which exceeds \( 80 \). Therefore, it is impossible to partition this set into two groups with sums less than or equal to \( 80 \).

5. **Conclusion:** By the contrapositive, if \( S = 153 \) does not work, then any \( S > 153 \) also does not work. Therefore, the maximum value of \( S \) for which the partition is possible is \( 152 \).

The final answer is \( \boxed{ S \leq 152 } \).