1. In December 1903, $\qquad$ the first airplane "Flyer 1" made by $\qquad$ finally succeeded in its test flight. This marked the first time humans achieved powered flight with a pilot on board.
A. Bell Brothers
B. Haier Brothers
C. Wright Brothers
D. Leon Brothers
【Answer】C
【Analysis】In 1810, the British G. Cayley first proposed the basic principles of flight for heavier-than-air aircraft and the structural layout of airplanes, laying the foundation for modern aviation theory of fixed-wing aircraft and rotary-wing aircraft.

In the history of aviation, the person who contributed the most to gliding flight was the German O. Lilienthal. Starting from 1867, he and his brother studied bird gliding flight for more than 20 years, clarifying many theories related to flight, which laid the foundation for modern aerodynamics.

American scientist S. P. Langley made significant achievements in many scientific fields and was renowned in the global scientific community. In 1896, Langley built a powered aircraft model that flew to a height of 150m and remained airborne for nearly 3 hours. This was the first time a heavier-than-air powered aircraft achieved stable and sustained flight, which was of great significance in the history of world aviation.
At the end of the 19th century, the American Wright brothers, building on the experiences and lessons of their predecessors, established a small wind tunnel to measure the lift produced by airflow on a plate. They also built three gliders and conducted thousands of flight tests, meticulously recording lift, drag, and speed, and repeatedly modifying and improving longitudinal and lateral control. Later, they designed and manufactured a 12-horsepower, 77.2 kg piston gasoline engine, which they installed on their third glider to drive two pusher propellers. This was the "Flyer" 1. On December 17, 1903, Orville Wright piloted the "Flyer" 1 for its first test flight, covering a distance of 36m and remaining airborne for 12s. As their piloting skills improved, by the final flight, piloted by Wilbur Wright, the distance covered was 260m and the flight time was 59s. This was the first sustained and controlled powered flight in human history, turning the human dream of flying into reality and ushering in a new era of modern aviation.