$n$ is composite. $1<a_1<a_2<...<a_k<n$ - all divisors of $n$. It is known, that $a_1+1,...,a_k+1$ are all divisors for some $m$ (except $1,m$). Find all such $n$.
1. Given that \( n \) is composite and \( 1 < a_1 < a_2 < \cdots < a_k < n \) are all divisors of \( n \). It is known that \( a_1 + 1, a_2 + 1, \ldots, a_k + 1 \) are all divisors of some \( m \) (except \( 1 \) and \( m \)).
2. We need to find all such \( n \).

### Case Analysis:
#### Case 1: \( k \geq 4 \)
- Assume \( k \geq 4 \). We get the chains:
  \[
  n = a_1 a_k = a_2 a_{k-1} = \cdots
  \]
  \[
  m = (a_1 + 1)(a_k + 1) = (a_2 + 1)(a_{k-1} + 1) = \cdots \implies u = a_1 + a_k = a_2 + a_{k-1} = \cdots
  \]
- Hence, the roots of the quadratic \( x^2 - ux + n = 0 \) are all the pairs \( \{a_1, a_k\}, \{a_2, a_{k-1}\}, \cdots \), which is a contradiction as \( a_1 < a_2 < \cdots < a_k \).

Thus, \( k \leq 3 \).

#### Case 2: \( k = 3 \)
- If \( k = 3 \), then \( n = a_2^2 = a_1 a_3 \) and so:
  \[
  m = (a_2 + 1)^2 = (a_1 + 1)(a_3 + 1) \geq (\sqrt{a_1 a_3} + 1)^2 = (a_2 + 1)^2
  \]
- Thus, equality holds and so \( a_1 = a_3 \), a contradiction.

Thus, \( k = 2 \) or \( 1 \).

#### Case 3: \( k = 2 \)
- If \( k = 2 \), then \( n = p^2 \) or \( n = pq \) where \( p \) and \( q \) are primes.

### Detailed Analysis:
#### Subcase 1: \( n = p^2 \)
- If \( n = p^2 \), then the divisors of \( n \) are \( 1, p, p^2 \).
- The divisors of \( m \) are \( 1, p+1, p^2+1, m \).
- For \( p^2 + 1 \) to be a prime, \( p \) must be even, so \( p = 2 \).
- Thus, \( n = 4 \) and \( m = 25 \), which satisfies the conditions.

#### Subcase 2: \( n = p^3 \)
- If \( n = p^3 \), then the divisors of \( n \) are \( 1, p, p^2, p^3 \).
- The divisors of \( m \) are \( 1, p+1, p^2+1, m \).
- For \( p+1 \) to be a prime, \( p = 2 \).
- Thus, \( n = 8 \) and \( m = 15 \), which satisfies the conditions.

#### Subcase 3: \( n = pq \)
- If \( n = pq \), then the divisors of \( n \) are \( 1, p, q, pq \).
- The divisors of \( m \) are \( 1, p+1, q+1, m \).
- For \( p+1 \) and \( q+1 \) to be primes, \( p = 2 \) and \( q \) must be a prime greater than 3.
- However, \( q+1 \) would have a prime divisor that is not \( p+1 = 3 \), leading to a contradiction.

Thus, the only possible solutions are \( n = 4 \) and \( n = 8 \).

The final answer is \( \boxed{n \in \{4, 8\}} \).