a. Determine all nonnegative integers $x$ and $y$ so that $3^x + 7^y$ is a perfect square and $y$ is even.
b. Determine all nonnegative integers $x$ and $y$ so that $3^x + 7^y$ is a perfect square and $y$ is odd
(a) Determine all nonnegative integers \( x \) and \( y \) so that \( 3^x + 7^y \) is a perfect square and \( y \) is even.

1. Let \( 3^x + 7^y = z^2 \) where \( z \) is a positive integer. Since \( y \) is even, let \( y = 2k \) where \( k \) is a nonnegative integer.
   
2. Substitute \( y = 2k \) into the equation:
   \[
   3^x + 7^{2k} = z^2
   \]
   This can be rewritten as:
   \[
   3^x = z^2 - 7^{2k} = (z - 7^k)(z + 7^k)
   \]

3. Consider the greatest common divisor (gcd) of \( z - 7^k \) and \( z + 7^k \):
   \[
   \gcd(z - 7^k, z + 7^k) = \gcd(z - 7^k, 2 \times 7^k)
   \]
   Since \( \gcd(z - 7^k, z + 7^k) \) must divide \( 3^x \) and \( \gcd(3^x, 2 \times 7^k) = 1 \), we have:
   \[
   \gcd(z - 7^k, 2 \times 7^k) = 1
   \]

4. Therefore, \( z - 7^k \) and \( z + 7^k \) must be powers of 3. Let:
   \[
   z - 7^k = 3^a \quad \text{and} \quad z + 7^k = 3^b
   \]
   where \( a \) and \( b \) are nonnegative integers with \( a < b \).

5. Subtract the two equations:
   \[
   (z + 7^k) - (z - 7^k) = 3^b - 3^a
   \]
   Simplifying, we get:
   \[
   2 \times 7^k = 3^b - 3^a
   \]
   Factor out \( 3^a \):
   \[
   2 \times 7^k = 3^a (3^{b-a} - 1)
   \]

6. Since \( 2 \times 7^k \) is even, \( 3^a \) must be 1 (since 3 is odd). Therefore, \( a = 0 \):
   \[
   2 \times 7^k = 3^b - 1
   \]

7. We need to find nonnegative integers \( k \) and \( b \) such that \( 2 \times 7^k = 3^b - 1 \). Testing small values of \( k \):
   - For \( k = 0 \):
     \[
     2 \times 7^0 = 2 = 3^1 - 1 = 2
     \]
     This gives \( b = 1 \).

   - For \( k \geq 1 \), consider the equation modulo 7:
     \[
     3^b \equiv 1 \pmod{7}
     \]
     The order of 3 modulo 7 is 6, so \( b \) must be a multiple of 6. Let \( b = 6t \) for some integer \( t \):
     \[
     2 \times 7^k = 3^{6t} - 1
     \]
     Since \( 3^{6t} \equiv 1 \pmod{13} \), we have:
     \[
     1 - 2 \times 7^k \equiv 1 \pmod{13}
     \]
     This implies:
     \[
     2 \times 7^k \equiv 0 \pmod{13}
     \]
     which is a contradiction since \( 2 \times 7^k \) cannot be divisible by 13.

8. Therefore, the only solution is \( x = 1 \) and \( y = 0 \) when \( y \) is even.

The final answer is \( \boxed{ (x, y) = (1, 0) } \)