We call a set $ A$ a good set if it has the following properties:
1. $ A$ consists circles in plane.
2. No two element of $ A$ intersect.
Let $ A,B$ be two good sets. We say $ A,B$ are equivalent if we can reach from $ A$ to $ B$ by moving circles in $ A$, making them bigger or smaller in such a way that during these operations  each circle does not intersect with other circles.
Let $ a_{n}$ be the number of inequivalent good subsets with $ n$ elements. For example $ a_{1}\equal{} 1,a_{2}\equal{} 2,a_{3}\equal{} 4,a_{4}\equal{} 9$.
[img]http://i5.tinypic.com/4r0x81v.png[/img]
If there exist $ a,b$ such that $ Aa^{n}\leq a_{n}\leq Bb^{n}$, we say growth ratio of $ a_{n}$ is larger than $ a$ and is smaller than $ b$.
a) Prove that growth ratio of $ a_{n}$ is larger than 2 and is smaller than 4.
b) Find better bounds for upper and lower growth ratio of $ a_{n}$.
To solve the problem, we need to prove two parts:
1. The growth ratio of \(a_n\) is larger than 2 and smaller than 4.
2. Find better bounds for the upper and lower growth ratio of \(a_n\).

### Part (a): Prove that the growth ratio of \(a_n\) is larger than 2 and smaller than 4.

1. **Define the Recurrence Relation:**
   We start by defining a recurrence relation for \(a_n\). Let \(a_n\) be the number of inequivalent good subsets with \(n\) elements. We can derive the following recurrence relation for all \(n \ge 1\):
   \[
   a_n = \sum_{x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_k \in \mathbb{N}, x_1 + x_2 + \cdots + x_k = n} a_{x_1 - 1} a_{x_2 - 1} \cdots a_{x_k - 1},
   \]
   where the sum is over all unordered partitions \((x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_k)\) of \(n\).

2. **Upper Bound:**
   To find an upper bound, we consider the ordered partitions instead of unordered partitions. Let \(b_n\) be the sequence that follows the recurrence relation with ordered partitions:
   \[
   b_n = \sum_{x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_k \in \mathbb{N}, x_1 + x_2 + \cdots + x_k = n} b_{x_1 - 1} b_{x_2 - 1} \cdots b_{x_k - 1}.
   \]
   This implies \(a_n \leq b_n\).

3. **Generating Function:**
   Define the generating function \(M(x) = \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} b_k x^k\). The recurrence relation implies:
   \[
   M(x) = \frac{x + xM(x)}{1 - x - xM(x)}.
   \]
   Solving this quadratic equation, we get:
   \[
   xM(x)^2 + (2x-1)M(x) + x = 0.
   \]
   Solving for \(M(x)\), we have:
   \[
   M(x) = \frac{-(2x-1) \pm \sqrt{1-4x}}{2x}.
   \]
   Since \(M(0) = 0\), we choose the negative root:
   \[
   M(x) = \frac{-(2x-1) - \sqrt{1-4x}}{2x}.
   \]

4. **Asymptotic Behavior:**
   Using the Binomial Theorem, the coefficient of \(x^n\) in \(M(x)\) is:
   \[
   b_n \leq \frac{\binom{2n}{n}}{2(2n-1)}.
   \]
   The asymptotic behavior of \(\binom{2n}{n}\) is approximately \(\frac{4^n}{\sqrt{\pi n}}\), so:
   \[
   b_n \approx \frac{4^n}{2(2n-1)\sqrt{\pi n}}.
   \]
   This shows that the growth ratio of \(\{b_n\}\) is smaller than 4. Since \(a_n \leq b_n\), the growth ratio of \(\{a_n\}\) is also smaller than 4.

5. **Lower Bound:**
   To find a lower bound, consider the simplest case where each circle is disjoint. The number of ways to arrange \(n\) disjoint circles is \(2^n\). Thus, the growth ratio of \(\{a_n\}\) is larger than 2.

### Part (b): Find better bounds for the upper and lower growth ratio of \(a_n\).

1. **Improving the Lower Bound:**
   We can improve the lower bound by considering more complex configurations. For example, consider configurations where circles are nested within each other. This increases the number of inequivalent good subsets.

2. **Improving the Upper Bound:**
   To improve the upper bound, we need a tighter analysis of the recurrence relation and the generating function. This might involve more sophisticated combinatorial arguments or generating function techniques.

The final answer is \( \boxed{ 2 < \text{growth ratio of } a_n < 4 } \).