[b]p1.[/b] Fun facts! We know that $1008^2-1007^2 = 1008+1007$ and $1009^2-1008^2 = 1009+1008$. Now compute the following: $$1010^2 - 1009^2 - 1.$$


[b]p2.[/b] Let $m$ be the smallest positive multiple of $2018$ such that the fraction $m/2019$ can be simplified. What is the number $m$?


[b]p3.[/b] Given that $n$ satisfies the following equation $$n + 3n + 5n + 7n + 9n = 200,$$ find $n$.


[b]p4.[/b] Grace and Somya each have a collection of coins worth a dollar. Both Grace and Somya have quarters, dimes, nickels and pennies. Serena then observes that Grace has the least number of coins possible to make one dollar and Somya has the most number of coins possible. If Grace has $G$ coins and Somya has $S$ coins, what is $G + S$?


[b]p5.[/b] What is the ones digit of $2018^{2018}$?


[b]p6.[/b] Kaitlyn plays a number game. Each time when Kaitlyn has a number, if it is even, she divides it by $2$, and if it is odd, she multiplies it by $5$ and adds $1$. Kaitlyn then takes the resulting number and continues the process until she reaches $1$. For example, if she begins with $3$, she finds the sequence of $6$ numbers to be $$3, 3 \cdot 5 + 1 = 16, 16/2 = 8, 8/2 = 4, 4/2 = 2, 2/2 = 1.$$ If Kaitlyn's starting number is $51$, how many numbers are in her sequence, including the starting number and the number $1$?


[b]p7.[/b] Andrew likes both geometry and piano. His piano has $88$ keys, $x$ of which are white and $y$ of which are black. Each white key has area $3$ and each black key has area $11$. If the keys of his piano have combined area $880$, how many black keys does he have?


[b]p8.[/b] A six-sided die contains the numbers $1$, $2$, $3$, $4$, $5$, and $6$ on its faces. If numbers on opposite faces of a die always sum to $7$, how many distinct dice are possible? (Two dice are considered the same if one can be rotated to obtain the other.)


[b]p9.[/b] In $\vartriangle ABC$, $AB$ is $12$ and $AC$ is $15$. Alex draws the angle bisector of $BAC$, $AD$, such that $D$ is on $BC$. If $CD$ is $10$, then the area of $\vartriangle ABC$ can be expressed in the form $\frac{m \sqrt{n}}{p}$ where $m, p$ are relatively prime and $n$ is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find $m + n + p$.


[b]p10.[/b] Find the smallest positive integer that leaves a remainder of $2$ when divided by $5$, a remainder of $3$ when divided by $6$, a remainder of $4$ when divided by $7$, and a remainder of $5$ when divided by $8$. 


[b]p11.[/b] Chris has a bag with $4$ marbles. Each minute, Chris randomly selects a marble out of the bag and flips a coin. If the coin comes up heads, Chris puts the marble back in the bag, while if the coin comes up tails, Chris sets the marble aside. What is the expected number of seconds it will take Chris to empty the bag?


[b]p12.[/b] A real fixed point $x$ of a function $f(x)$ is a real number such that $f(x) = x$. Find the absolute value of the product of the real fixed points of the function $f(x) = x^4 + x - 16$.


[b]p13.[/b] A triangle with angles $30^o$, $75^o$, $75^o$ is inscribed in a circle with radius $1$. The area of the triangle can be expressed as $\frac{a+\sqrt{b}}{c}$ where $b$ is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find $a + b + c$.


[b]p14.[/b] Dora and Charlotte are playing a game involving  flipping coins. On a player's turn, she first chooses a probability of the coin landing heads between $\frac14$ and $\frac34$ , and the coin magically flips heads with that probability. The player then flips this coin until the coin lands heads, at which point her turn ends. The game ends the first time someone  flips heads on an odd-numbered flip. The last player to flip the coin wins. If both players are playing optimally and Dora goes first, let the probability that Charlotte win the game be $\frac{a}{b}$ . Find $a \cdot b$.


[b]p15.[/b] Jonny is trying to sort a list of numbers in ascending order by swapping pairs of numbers. For example, if he has the list $1$, $4$, $3$, $2$, Jonny would swap $2$ and $4$ to obtain $1$, $2$, $3$, $4$. If Jonny is given a random list of $400$ distinct numbers, let $x$ be the expected minimum number of swaps he needs. Compute $\left \lfloor \frac{x}{20} \right \rfloor$.


PS. You should use hide for answers. Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309]here[/url].
**p9.** In $\triangle ABC$, $AB = 12$ and $AC = 15$. Alex draws the angle bisector of $\angle BAC$, $AD$, such that $D$ is on $BC$. If $CD = 10$, then the area of $\triangle ABC$ can be expressed in the form $\frac{m \sqrt{n}}{p}$ where $m, p$ are relatively prime and $n$ is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find $m + n + p$.

1. **Using the Angle Bisector Theorem:**
   The Angle Bisector Theorem states that the angle bisector of an angle in a triangle divides the opposite side into segments that are proportional to the adjacent sides. Therefore, we have:
   \[
   \frac{BD}{CD} = \frac{AB}{AC} = \frac{12}{15} = \frac{4}{5}
   \]
   Let $BD = x$. Then $CD = 10$, so:
   \[
   \frac{x}{10} = \frac{4}{5} \implies x = 8
   \]
   Thus, $BD = 8$ and $CD = 10$.

2. **Finding the Length of $BC$:**
   Since $BD + CD = BC$, we have:
   \[
   BC = 8 + 10 = 18
   \]

3. **Using Heron's Formula to Find the Area of $\triangle ABC$:**
   Heron's formula states that the area of a triangle with sides $a$, $b$, and $c$ is:
   \[
   A = \sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}
   \]
   where $s$ is the semi-perimeter of the triangle:
   \[
   s = \frac{a + b + c}{2}
   \]
   For $\triangle ABC$, $a = 12$, $b = 15$, and $c = 18$. Therefore:
   \[
   s = \frac{12 + 15 + 18}{2} = 22.5
   \]
   The area $A$ is:
   \[
   A = \sqrt{22.5(22.5 - 12)(22.5 - 15)(22.5 - 18)}
   \]
   Simplifying inside the square root:
   \[
   A = \sqrt{22.5 \times 10.5 \times 7.5 \times 4.5}
   \]
   Simplifying further:
   \[
   A = \sqrt{22.5 \times 10.5 \times 7.5 \times 4.5} = \sqrt{22.5 \times 10.5 \times 7.5 \times 4.5}
   \]
   \[
   A = \sqrt{(45/2) \times (21/2) \times (15/2) \times (9/2)}
   \]
   \[
   A = \sqrt{\frac{45 \times 21 \times 15 \times 9}{16}}
   \]
   \[
   A = \sqrt{\frac{127575}{16}}
   \]
   \[
   A = \frac{\sqrt{127575}}{4}
   \]
   \[
   A = \frac{135 \sqrt{7}}{4}
   \]

4. **Expressing the Area in the Form $\frac{m \sqrt{n}}{p}$:**
   Here, $m = 135$, $n = 7$, and $p = 4$. These values are relatively prime, and $n$ is not divisible by the square of any prime.

5. **Finding $m + n + p$:**
   \[
   m + n + p = 135 + 7 + 4 = 146
   \]

The final answer is \( \boxed{ 146 } \).