Find all positive integer $n(\ge 2)$ and rational $\beta \in (0,1)$ satisfying the following:
There exist positive integers $a_1,a_2,...,a_n$, such that for any set $I \subseteq \{1,2,...,n\}$ which contains at least two elements,
$$ S(\sum_{i\in I}a_i)=\beta \sum_{i\in I}S(a_i). $$
where $S(n)$ denotes sum of digits of decimal representation of $n$.
To solve the problem, we need to find all positive integers \( n \ge 2 \) and rational numbers \( \beta \in (0,1) \) such that there exist positive integers \( a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n \) satisfying the given condition. The condition is that for any subset \( I \subseteq \{1, 2, \ldots, n\} \) containing at least two elements, the following holds:
\[ S\left(\sum_{i \in I} a_i\right) = \beta \sum_{i \in I} S(a_i), \]
where \( S(n) \) denotes the sum of the digits of the decimal representation of \( n \).

1. **Case \( n \le 10 \):**
   - For \( n \le 10 \), we need to show that all \( \beta \in (0,1) \) work. We will construct an example for \( n = 10 \).
   - Let \( \beta = \frac{p}{q} \) where \( \gcd(p, q) = 1 \).
   - Define the integers \( a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_{10} \) as follows:
     \[
     \begin{aligned}
     a_1 &= \overbrace{99 \ldots 9}^{k \text{ digits}} \overbrace{00 \ldots 1}^{k \text{ digits}} \ldots \overbrace{00 \ldots 1}^{k \text{ digits}}, \\
     a_2 &= \overbrace{00 \ldots 1}^{k \text{ digits}} \overbrace{99 \ldots 9}^{k \text{ digits}} \ldots \overbrace{00 \ldots 1}^{k \text{ digits}}, \\
     &\vdots \\
     a_{10} &= \overbrace{00 \ldots 1}^{k \text{ digits}} \overbrace{00 \ldots 1}^{k \text{ digits}} \ldots \overbrace{99 \ldots 9}^{k \text{ digits}},
     \end{aligned}
     \]
     where there are 10 blocks of \( k \) digits, each integer has one of these blocks (different for each one) being \( 99 \ldots 9 \) and the rest as \( 00 \ldots 1 \).
   - For any positive integer \( l \), we may add on the end of each \( a_i \) a string of some large length (fixed over all \( a_i \)) with digit sum \( l \), making sure to keep no two strings from carrying with each other. This results in a \( \beta \) of:
     \[
     \beta = \frac{18 + l}{18 + 18k + l}.
     \]
   - If we set \( k = q - p \) and \( l = 18(p - 1) \), this works.

2. **Case \( n \ge 11 \):**
   - For \( n = 11 \) or above, no \( \beta \in (0,1) \) exists. The key idea is that for two disjoint subsets \( I_1, I_2 \subset \{1, 2, \ldots, 11\} \),
     \[
     S\left(\sum_{i \in I_1} a_i\right) + S\left(\sum_{i \in I_2} a_i\right) = \beta \sum_{i \in I_1 \cup I_2} S(a_i) = S\left(\sum_{i \in I_1 \cup I_2} a_i\right).
     \]
   - So when you add \( \sum_{i \in I_1} a_i \) and \( \sum_{i \in I_2} a_i \), no carrying occurs.
   - Look at the smallest digit \( D \) where \( a_i + a_j \) carry for some \( i, j \). This must exist otherwise \( \beta = 1 \).
   - We claim there are \( I_1, I_2 \) where \( \sum_{i \in I_1} a_i \) and \( \sum_{i \in I_2} a_i \) carry at \( D \), causing contradiction.
   - Call \( a_i \)'s \( D \)th digit \( d_i \). Suppose WLOG \( d_1 \ge d_2 \ge \ldots \ge d_{11} \), where \( d_1 + d_2 \ge 10 \).
   - Take \( I_1 = \{1, 10\} \) and \( I_2 = \{2, 11\} \); noting \( d_1 + d_2 + d_{10} + d_{11} \ge 10 \), we have \( d_1 + d_{10} \ge 10 \). So \( d_{10} \ge 1 \) and only one digit can be \( 0 \).
   - Call a pair of digits \( d_i, d_j \) *cool* if \( d_i + d_j \) has units digit \( >1 \). Greedily choose cool pairs until there are no more left. Let's say we have chosen \( 0 \le m \le 5 \) cool pairs leaving \( 11 - 2m \) digits unused, no two of which are cool.
   - If there are 3 or more, one of them must be \( 0 \) or \( 5 \). Suppose \( 0 \) is unused. If some unused digit is \( >1 \), it forms a cool pair with \( 0 \). Otherwise, two unused digits are \( 1 \), but then they are cool.
   - So \( 5 \) must be unused. No pair of cool unused numbers exists, so either the unused digits are all \( 5 \)s, or all \( 5 \)s and one \( 6 \).
   - Greedily group together triples of unused digits. Each of these sum to \( 5 \) or more. Verify:
     \[
     5 \left\lfloor \frac{11 - 2m}{3} \right\rfloor + 2m \ge 10.
     \]
   - So we have disjoint groups \( B_1, B_2, \ldots, B_k \) of multiple digits each, where if we let their sums have units digits of \( b_1, b_2, \ldots, b_k \) respectively, we have \( b_1 + b_2 + \ldots + b_k \ge 10 \).
   - Take the smallest index \( i \) where \( b_1 + \ldots + b_i \ge 10 \). Put \( B_1 \) through \( B_{i-1} \) in \( I_1 \) and \( B_i \) in \( I_2 \); the end.

\(\blacksquare\)

The final answer is \( \boxed{ n \le 10 } \) and \( \beta \in (0,1) \).