[b]p1.[/b] A shape made by joining four identical regular hexagons side-to-side is called a hexo. Two hexos are considered the same if one can be rotated / reflected to match the other. Find the number of different hexos.


[b]p2.[/b] The sequence $1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6,... $ consists of numbers written in increasing order, where every even number $2n$ is written once, and every odd number $2n + 1$ is written $2n + 1$ times. What is the $2019^{th}$ term of this sequence?


[b]p3.[/b] On planet EMCCarth, months can only have lengths of $35$, $36$, or $42$ days, and there is at least one month of each length. Victor knows that an EMCCarth year has $n$ days, but realizes that he cannot figure out how many months there are in an EMCCarth year. What is the least possible value of $n$?


[b]p4.[/b] In triangle $ABC$, $AB = 5$ and $AC = 9$. If a circle centered at $A$ passing through $B$ intersects $BC$ again at $D$ and $CD = 7$, what is $BC$?


[b]p5.[/b] How many nonempty subsets $S$ of the set $\{1, 2, 3,..., 11, 12\}$ are there such that the greatest common factor of all elements in $S$ is greater than $1$?


[b]p6.[/b] Jasmine rolls a fair $6$-sided die, with faces labeled from $1$ to $6$, and a fair $20$-sided die, with faces labeled from $1$ to $20$. What is the probability that the product of these two rolls, added to the sum of these two rolls, is a multiple of $3$?


[b]p7.[/b] Let $\{a_n\}$ be a sequence such that $a_n$ is either $2a_{n-1}$ or $a_{n-1} - 1$. Given that $a_1 = 1$ and $a_{12} = 120$, how many possible sequences $a_1$, $a_2$, $...$, $a_{12}$ are there?


[b]p8.[/b] A tetrahedron has two opposite edges of length $2$ and the remaining edges have length $10$. What is the volume of this tetrahedron?


[b]p9.[/b] In the garden of EMCCden, there is a tree planted at every lattice point $-10 \le x, y \le 10$ except the origin. We say that a tree is visible to an observer if the line between the tree and the observer does not intersect any other tree (assume that all trees have negligible thickness). What fraction of all the trees in the garden of EMCCden are visible to an observer standing at the origin?


[b]p10.[/b] Point $P$ lies inside regular pentagon $\zeta$, which lies entirely within regular hexagon $\eta$. A point $Q$ on the boundary of pentagon $\zeta$ is called projective if there exists a point $R$ on the boundary of hexagon $\eta$ such that $P$, $Q$, $R$ are collinear and $2019 \cdot \overline{PQ} = \overline{QR}$. Given that no two sides of $\zeta$ and $\eta$ are parallel, what is the maximum possible number of projective points on $\zeta$?


PS. You should use hide for answers.  Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309]here[/url].
To find the 2019th term of the sequence \(1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, \ldots\), we need to understand the pattern of the sequence. The sequence is constructed such that every even number \(2n\) appears once, and every odd number \(2n+1\) appears \(2n+1\) times.

1. **Identify the pattern:**
   - Even numbers \(2, 4, 6, 8, \ldots\) appear once.
   - Odd numbers \(3, 5, 7, 9, \ldots\) appear \(3, 5, 7, 9, \ldots\) times respectively.

2. **Calculate the cumulative number of terms:**
   - The cumulative number of terms up to an even number \(2n\) is given by the sum of the first \(n\) triangular numbers plus the number of even terms.
   - The \(k\)-th triangular number is given by \(\frac{k(k+1)}{2}\).

3. **Formulate the cumulative sum:**
   - For even numbers, the cumulative sum up to \(2n\) is:
     \[
     T_n = \sum_{k=1}^{n} (2k+1) + n = \sum_{k=1}^{n} (2k+1) + n = n(n+1) + n = n(n+2)
     \]

4. **Find \(n\) such that \(n(n+2) \leq 2019\):**
   - Solve the quadratic inequality:
     \[
     n^2 + 2n - 2019 \leq 0
     \]
   - Using the quadratic formula \(n = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}\) where \(a = 1\), \(b = 2\), and \(c = -2019\):
     \[
     n = \frac{-2 \pm \sqrt{4 + 4 \cdot 2019}}{2} = \frac{-2 \pm \sqrt{8076}}{2} = \frac{-2 \pm 89.82}{2}
     \]
   - The positive root is approximately:
     \[
     n \approx \frac{87.82}{2} \approx 43.91
     \]
   - Since \(n\) must be an integer, we take \(n = 43\).

5. **Calculate the cumulative number of terms for \(n = 43\):**
   - The cumulative number of terms up to \(2 \cdot 43 = 86\) is:
     \[
     43 \cdot 45 = 1935
     \]
   - The next odd number is \(87\), which appears \(87\) times.

6. **Determine the 2019th term:**
   - The 2019th term is within the next \(87\) terms after 1935:
     \[
     2019 - 1935 = 84
     \]
   - Therefore, the 2019th term is \(87\).

The final answer is \(\boxed{87}\).