Find all pairs $ (m, n)$ of positive integers such that $ m^n \minus{} n^m \equal{} 3$.
1. **Verification of the given solution \((m, n) = (4, 1)\):**
   \[
   m^n - n^m = 4^1 - 1^4 = 4 - 1 = 3
   \]
   This satisfies the equation \(m^n - n^m = 3\).

2. **General case analysis:**
   We need to find all pairs \((m, n)\) of positive integers such that \(m^n - n^m = 3\).

3. **Case 1: \(m = n\):**
   If \(m = n\), then:
   \[
   m^n - n^m = m^m - m^m = 0 \neq 3
   \]
   Therefore, \(m \neq n\).

4. **Case 2: \(m > n\):**
   Suppose \(m > n\). We need to analyze the behavior of \(m^n - n^m\).

   - For \(m = 2\) and \(n = 1\):
     \[
     2^1 - 1^2 = 2 - 1 = 1 \neq 3
     \]

   - For \(m = 3\) and \(n = 1\):
     \[
     3^1 - 1^3 = 3 - 1 = 2 \neq 3
     \]

   - For \(m = 4\) and \(n = 1\):
     \[
     4^1 - 1^4 = 4 - 1 = 3
     \]
     This is a valid solution.

   - For \(m = 5\) and \(n = 1\):
     \[
     5^1 - 1^5 = 5 - 1 = 4 \neq 3
     \]

   - For \(m = 3\) and \(n = 2\):
     \[
     3^2 - 2^3 = 9 - 8 = 1 \neq 3
     \]

   - For \(m = 4\) and \(n = 2\):
     \[
     4^2 - 2^4 = 16 - 16 = 0 \neq 3
     \]

   - For \(m = 5\) and \(n = 2\):
     \[
     5^2 - 2^5 = 25 - 32 = -7 \neq 3
     \]

   - For \(m = 4\) and \(n = 3\):
     \[
     4^3 - 3^4 = 64 - 81 = -17 \neq 3
     \]

   As \(m\) and \(n\) increase, the difference \(m^n - n^m\) grows larger in magnitude, either positively or negatively, and does not equal 3.

5. **Case 3: \(m < n\):**
   Suppose \(m < n\). We need to analyze the behavior of \(m^n - n^m\).

   - For \(m = 1\) and \(n = 2\):
     \[
     1^2 - 2^1 = 1 - 2 = -1 \neq 3
     \]

   - For \(m = 1\) and \(n = 3\):
     \[
     1^3 - 3^1 = 1 - 3 = -2 \neq 3
     \]

   - For \(m = 1\) and \(n = 4\):
     \[
     1^4 - 4^1 = 1 - 4 = -3 \neq 3
     \]

   - For \(m = 2\) and \(n = 3\):
     \[
     2^3 - 3^2 = 8 - 9 = -1 \neq 3
     \]

   - For \(m = 2\) and \(n = 4\):
     \[
     2^4 - 4^2 = 16 - 16 = 0 \neq 3
     \]

   - For \(m = 3\) and \(n = 4\):
     \[
     3^4 - 4^3 = 81 - 64 = 17 \neq 3
     \]

   As \(m\) and \(n\) increase, the difference \(m^n - n^m\) grows larger in magnitude, either positively or negatively, and does not equal 3.

6. **Conclusion:**
   After checking various pairs and analyzing the behavior of \(m^n - n^m\), we find that the only solution is \((m, n) = (4, 1)\).

\(\blacksquare\)

The final answer is \( \boxed{ (m, n) = (4, 1) } \)