Find all pairs $(a,b)$ of positive integers  such that $a!+b$ and $b!+a$ are both powers of $5$.

[i]Nikola Velov, North Macedonia[/i]
To find all pairs \((a, b)\) of positive integers such that \(a! + b\) and \(b! + a\) are both powers of \(5\), we can follow these steps:

1. **Assume \(a \geq b\)**:
   Without loss of generality, we can assume \(a \geq b\). This simplifies our analysis since we can focus on the case where \(a\) is at least as large as \(b\).

2. **Consider the form of \(a! + b\)**:
   Since \(a! + b\) is a power of \(5\), we can write:
   \[
   a! + b = 5^k \quad \text{for some integer } k.
   \]
   Similarly, since \(b! + a\) is also a power of \(5\), we can write:
   \[
   b! + a = 5^m \quad \text{for some integer } m.
   \]

3. **Analyze the factorial properties**:
   Factorials grow very quickly, so for \(a! + b\) and \(b! + a\) to both be powers of \(5\), \(a\) and \(b\) must be relatively small. We will consider small values of \(a\) and \(b\) to find possible solutions.

4. **Check small values of \(a\) and \(b\)**:
   - For \(a = 1\):
     \[
     1! + b = 1 + b = 5^k \implies b = 5^k - 1.
     \]
     - For \(b = 1\):
       \[
       1! + a = 1 + a = 5^m \implies a = 5^m - 1.
       \]
     - For \(a = 2\):
       \[
       2! + b = 2 + b = 5^k \implies b = 5^k - 2.
       \]
     - For \(b = 2\):
       \[
       2! + a = 2 + a = 5^m \implies a = 5^m - 2.
       \]
     - For \(a = 3\):
       \[
       3! + b = 6 + b = 5^k \implies b = 5^k - 6.
       \]
     - For \(b = 3\):
       \[
       3! + a = 6 + a = 5^m \implies a = 5^m - 6.
       \]
     - For \(a = 4\):
       \[
       4! + b = 24 + b = 5^k \implies b = 5^k - 24.
       \]
     - For \(b = 4\):
       \[
       4! + a = 24 + a = 5^m \implies a = 5^m - 24.
       \]
     - For \(a = 5\):
       \[
       5! + b = 120 + b = 5^k \implies b = 5^k - 120.
       \]
     - For \(b = 5\):
       \[
       5! + a = 120 + a = 5^m \implies a = 5^m - 120.
       \]

5. **Check for integer solutions**:
   We need to check if the values of \(b\) and \(a\) obtained are positive integers and if they satisfy the conditions \(a! + b\) and \(b! + a\) being powers of \(5\).

6. **Verify the solutions**:
   - For \(a = 1\) and \(b = 1\):
     \[
     1! + 1 = 2 \quad \text{(not a power of 5)}.
     \]
   - For \(a = 2\) and \(b = 2\):
     \[
     2! + 2 = 4 \quad \text{(not a power of 5)}.
     \]
   - For \(a = 3\) and \(b = 3\):
     \[
     3! + 3 = 9 \quad \text{(not a power of 5)}.
     \]
   - For \(a = 4\) and \(b = 4\):
     \[
     4! + 4 = 28 \quad \text{(not a power of 5)}.
     \]
   - For \(a = 5\) and \(b = 5\):
     \[
     5! + 5 = 125 \quad \text{(a power of 5)}.
     \]

7. **Conclusion**:
   The only pair \((a, b)\) of positive integers such that \(a! + b\) and \(b! + a\) are both powers of \(5\) is \((5, 5)\).

The final answer is \( \boxed{ (5, 5) } \).