Around a round table sit $2n$ Peruvians, $2n$ Bolivians and $2n$ Ecuadorians. If it is requested that all those who have as neighbors, to their right and to their left, people of the same
nationality. Find as many people as can stand up.
Clarification: For example, for a Peruvian to get up, his neighbors must be of equal nationality, but not necessarily Peruvians.
1. **Define Chains and Block-Stoppers:**
   - We start by defining chains of people of the same nationality. For instance, if Peruvians are sitting next to each other, they form a chain. Similarly, we define chains for Bolivians and Ecuadorians.
   - When a chain has at least 2 people, the two people at the ends of the chain cannot stand up. We call these people *block-stoppers*.

2. **Define Second Type of Chains and Stoppers:**
   - We define another type of chain where each pair of Peruvians holds hands if they are either adjacent or there is exactly one non-Peruvian between them. The two non-Peruvians adjacent to the ends of such a chain are called *Peruvian-stoppers*.
   - Similarly, we define *Bolivian-stoppers* and *Ecuadorian-stoppers*.

3. **Minimum Number of Stoppers:**
   - There are at least 2 Peruvian-stoppers, 2 Bolivian-stoppers, and 2 Ecuadorian-stoppers, making a total of at least 6 stoppers.
   - Each person can be a stopper for at most 2 chains.

4. **Case Analysis:**
   - **Case 1:** There is a pair of adjacent people of the same nationality.
     - In this case, these two people belong to a chain of the first type, resulting in at least 2 consecutive-stoppers.
   - **Case 2:** Every pair of adjacent people are of different nationalities.
     - In this case, there are more than 3 chains of the second type. If not, numbering the positions in the table as \(1, 2, 3, \ldots, 6n\) in clockwise order, people in each chain of the second type will sit on positions of the same parity. This would mean that two nationalities occupy \(4n\) seats of the same parity, which is a contradiction. Therefore, there are at least 8 stoppers from the second type of chains.

5. **Achieving the Upper Bound:**
   - To achieve the upper bound, place all Peruvians in a consecutive block and place Bolivians and Ecuadorians alternately in the remaining seats. In this arrangement, everyone will stand up except for 2 Peruvians, 1 Bolivian, and 1 Ecuadorian.

Thus, the maximum number of people who can stand up is \(6n - 4\).

The final answer is \(\boxed{6n - 4}\).