Determine all non-constant monic polynomials $P(x)$ with integer coefficients such that no prime $p>10^{100}$ divides any number of the form $P(2^n)$
#### Step 1: Consider the case when \( P(0) = 0 \)
- If \( P(0) = 0 \), then \( P(x) \) can be written as \( x^k Q(x) \) where \( Q(x) \) is a polynomial with integer coefficients and \( Q(0) \neq 0 \).
- We can divide \( P(x) \) by \( x^k \) to get another polynomial \( Q(x) \) which satisfies the same condition.
- Therefore, without loss of generality, we can assume \( P(0) \neq 0 \).

#### Step 2: Assume \( P(x) \) is not constant
- If \( P(x) \) is constant, then the solution is trivial, and we see that the constant polynomial indeed satisfies the required conditions.
- So, assume \( P(x) \) is not constant.

#### Step 3: Analyze the 2-adic valuation
- Let \( \nu_p(x) \) denote the largest power of \( p \) dividing \( x \).
- Claim: There exists an \( N \) such that for \( n > N \), we have \( \nu_2(P(2^n)) = \nu_2(P(0)) \).

#### Proof of the Claim:
- Since \( P(x) \) is non-constant, there exists an \( M \) such that \( P(x) \neq P(0) \) for \( x > M \).
- Let \( N = \max \{ M, \nu_2(P(0)) \} \).
- For \( n > N \), we have \( 2^n \mid P(2^n) - P(0) \).
- Since \( n > \nu_2(P(0)) \) and \( P(2^n) \neq P(0) \), we get \( \nu_2(P(2^n)) = \nu_2(P(0)) \).

#### Step 4: Consider odd primes \( p < 10^{100} \)
- For each odd prime \( p < 10^{100} \), let \( k(p) = \nu_p(P(2)) + 1 \).
- Let \( k \) be the product of \( \phi(k(p)) \) over all odd primes \( p < 10^{100} \).

#### Step 5: Consider numbers of the form \( kl + 1 \)
- For \( l \in \mathbb{N} \), consider numbers of the form \( kl + 1 \).
- We have \( 2^{kl+1} \equiv 2 \pmod{p^{k(p)}} \) and hence \( P(2^{kl+1}) \equiv P(2) \pmod{p^{k(p)}} \).
- Since \( k(p) = \nu_p(P(2)) + 1 \), we get \( \nu_p(P(2^{kl+1})) = \nu_p(P(2)) \).

#### Step 6: Take \( l \) large enough
- Take \( l \) large enough so that \( kl + 1 > N \).
- Since \( P(2^{kl+1}) \) is not divisible by primes greater than \( 10^{100} \), we have \( P(2^{kl+1}) = P(2) \).
- This is a contradiction because \( P \) is not constant.

#### Conclusion:
- The only non-constant monic polynomial \( P(x) \) with integer coefficients that satisfies the given condition is \( P(x) = x^m \) for some \( m \in \mathbb{N} \).

The final answer is \( \boxed{ P(x) = x^m } \), where \( m \in \mathbb{N} \).