For each positive integer $n$ find the largest subset $M(n)$ of real numbers possessing the property: \[n+\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}^{n+1}\geq n \prod_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}+\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}\quad \text{for all}\; x_{1},x_{2},\cdots,x_{n}\in M(n)\] When does the inequality become an equality ?
We need to find the largest subset \( M(n) \) of real numbers such that the inequality 
\[ n + \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i^{n+1} \geq n \prod_{i=1}^{n} x_i + \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i \]
holds for all \( x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n \in M(n) \).

We will consider two cases: \( n \) odd and \( n \) even.

### Case 1: \( n \) odd
1. Let \( y_i = |x_i| \). Then \( y_i \geq 0 \) and \( x_i^{n+1} = y_i^{n+1} \).
2. Consider the expression \( (y_i^n - 1)(y_i - 1) \geq 0 \). This holds because:
   - If \( y_i \geq 1 \), then both \( y_i^n - 1 \geq 0 \) and \( y_i - 1 \geq 0 \).
   - If \( 0 \leq y_i < 1 \), then both \( y_i^n - 1 \leq 0 \) and \( y_i - 1 \leq 0 \).
3. Therefore, \( 1 + y_i^{n+1} \geq y_i + y_i^n \).
4. Summing over all \( i \), we get:
   \[
   n + \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i^{n+1} = \sum_{i=1}^{n} (1 + y_i^{n+1}) \geq \sum_{i=1}^{n} y_i + \sum_{i=1}^{n} y_i^n
   \]
5. By the AM-GM inequality, \( \sum_{i=1}^{n} y_i^n \geq n \prod_{i=1}^{n} y_i \).
6. Thus,
   \[
   \sum_{i=1}^{n} y_i + \sum_{i=1}^{n} y_i^n \geq \sum_{i=1}^{n} y_i + n \prod_{i=1}^{n} y_i \geq \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i + n \prod_{i=1}^{n} x_i
   \]
7. Therefore,
   \[
   n + \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i^{n+1} \geq \sum_{i=1}^{n} y_i + \sum_{i=1}^{n} y_i^n \geq \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i + n \prod_{i=1}^{n} x_i
   \]
8. Hence, \( M(n) \) is the set of all real numbers \( \mathbb{R} \).

### Case 2: \( n \) even
1. Again, let \( y_i = |x_i| \). Then \( y_i \geq 0 \).
2. If \( x_i \in M(n) \), setting all \( x_i \) equal to \( x \), we get:
   \[
   1 + x^{n+1} \geq x^n + x
   \]
3. This implies \( (x^n - 1)(x - 1) \geq 0 \). Checking each interval:
   - For \( x \in (-\infty, -1) \), \( x^n - 1 \geq 0 \) and \( x - 1 < 0 \), so the product is non-positive.
   - For \( x \in [-1, 1) \), \( x^n - 1 \leq 0 \) and \( x - 1 \leq 0 \), so the product is non-negative.
   - For \( x \in [1, \infty) \), \( x^n - 1 \geq 0 \) and \( x - 1 \geq 0 \), so the product is non-negative.
4. Therefore, \( x_i \in [-1, \infty) \).
5. Summing over all \( i \), we get:
   \[
   n + \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i^{n+1} = \sum_{i=1}^{n} (1 + x_i^{n+1}) \geq \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i + \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i^n
   \]
6. By the AM-GM inequality, \( \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i^n = \sum_{i=1}^{n} y_i^n \geq n \prod_{i=1}^{n} y_i \geq n \prod_{i=1}^{n} x_i \).
7. Thus,
   \[
   n + \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i^{n+1} \geq \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i + \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i^n \geq \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i + n \prod_{i=1}^{n} x_i
   \]
8. Hence, \( M(n) \) is the set of real numbers at least \(-1\), i.e., \( \mathbb{R}_{\geq -1} \).

The final answer is \( \boxed{ 2 \mid n: \mathbb{R}_{\geq -1}, 2 \nmid n: \mathbb{R} } \)