5. Anna and Ekaterina have opened a cosmetic salon in New Moscow. The enterprise applies the general taxation system. Ekaterina attended a seminar on taxation and learned about the Simplified System of Taxation (USNO). To avoid changing the document flow and control over financial and economic operations, the friends decided to compare the two taxation systems and choose the best one for the new year.

Financial indicators of the preceding year:

- Annual income of the cosmetic salon - 4,500,000 rubles;
- Monthly expenses of the cosmetic salon:
- Rent of premises - 60,000 rubles;
- Purchase of cosmetic products - 40,000 rubles;
- Wages of all employees - 120,000 rubles;
- Social insurance contributions on wages - 36,000 rubles;
- Advertising expenses - 15,000 rubles;
- Expenses for independent qualification assessment and retraining of personnel - 12,000 rubles;
- Other expenses (KKT maintenance, publication of reports in the media, expenses for office supplies) - 20,000 rubles;
- On average, no more than 45% of all expenses were paid in the tax period.

Help the girls with the following calculations:

a) Tax amount under the general taxation system (accrual method) - rate 20%;

b) Tax amount under the USNO - Income with a rate of 6%;

c) Income minus expenses with a rate of 15%, or a minimum tax of 1% of income;

d) Fill in the tables.

What recommendations would you give the girls? (20 points)

#
# Solution:

Reference information: Chapter 26.2, Chapter 25, Part 2 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

- Criteria applicable under the simplified tax system (STS) - Article 346.13;
- Taxable object - Article 346.14;
- Determination of income - Article 346.15;
- Determination of expenses - Article 346.16;
- Recognition of income and expenses - Article 346.17;
- Tax base and minimum tax - Article 346.18;
- Calculation of tax - Article 346.21;
- Recognition of income under the accrual method - Article 271;
- Recognition of expenses under the accrual method - Article 272;
- Recognition of income and expenses under the cash method - Article 273.

a) Income at a rate of 6%:

$4500000 \times 6\% = 270000$; (2 points)

Reduction of the amount by 50% of the paid insurance contributions:

$36000 \times 12$ months / $2 = 216000$; paid - $45\% - 97200$;

By the end of the period to be paid to the budget:

$270000 - 97200 = 172800$; (4 points).

b) Income minus expenses 15% or minimum tax 1%:

Income 4500000;

Expenses $(60000 + 40000 + 120000 + 36000 + 15000 + 12000 + 20000) \times 12$ months = $3636000$; paid $45\% - 1636200$ (4 points);

Tax base: $4500000 - 1636200 = 2863800$ (2 points);

Tax amount: $2863800 \times 0.15 = 429570$; (2 points)

Minimum tax amount: $4500000 \times 1\% = 45000$; (1 point)

c) General tax system (GTS), accrual method, rate 20%:

Income - 4500000

Expenses - $(60000 + 40000 + 120000 + 36000 + 15000 + 12000 + 20000) \times 12$ months = $3636000$

Tax base: $4500000 - 3636000 = 864000$; (2 points)

Tax amount: $864000 \times 0.2 = 172800$ (1 point);

d) Comparison of tax amounts:

$6\% - 172800$

$15\% - 429570$

$20\% - 172800$.

Conclusion: It is possible to remain on the GTS or switch to the STS at 6%, if the revenue does not increase and the insurance contributions are fully paid. (2 points for a justified conclusion)

| Indicators | Calculation for 6% |
| :--- | :--- |
| Income | 4500000 |
| Expenses |  |
| Special calculation | 97200 |
| Tax base | 4500000 |
| Tax amount | 270000 |
| Tax amount to be paid to the budget | 172800 |

| Indicators | Calculation for 15% |
| :--- | :--- |
| Income | 4500000 |
| Expenses | 3636000 |
| Special calculation | 163600 |
| Tax base | 2863800 |
| Tax amount | 429570 |
| Tax amount to be paid to the budget | 429570 |

Moscow School Olympiad in Financial Literacy. 2017-2018 academic year.

Final stage. 10-11 grades. Variant 2

| Indicators | Calculation for 1% |
| :--- | :--- |
| Income | 4500000 |
| Expenses |  |
| Special calculation |  |
| Tax base | 4500000 |
| Tax amount | 45000 |
| Tax amount to be paid to the budget |  |

| Indicators | Calculation for 20% |
| :--- | :--- |
| Income | 4500000 |
| Expenses | 3636000 |
| Special calculation |  |
| Tax base | 864000 |
| Tax amount |  |
| Tax amount to be paid to the budget | 172800 |