Ephram Chun is a senior and math captain at Lexington High School. He is well-loved by the freshmen, who seem to only listen to him. Other than being the father figure that the freshmen never had, Ephramis also part of the Science Bowl and Science Olympiad teams along with being part of the highest orchestra LHS has to offer. His many hobbies include playing soccer, volleyball, and the many forms of chess. We hope that he likes the questions that we’ve dedicated to him!


[b]p1.[/b] Ephram is scared of freshmen boys. How many ways can Ephram and $4$ distinguishable freshmen boys sit together in a row of $5$ chairs if Ephram does not want to sit between $2$ freshmen boys?


[b]p2.[/b] Ephram, who is a chess enthusiast, is trading chess pieces on the black market. Pawns are worth $\$100$, knights are worth $\$515$, and bishops are worth $\$396$. Thirty-four minutes ago, Ephrammade a fair trade: $5$ knights, $3$ bishops, and $9$ rooks for $8$ pawns, $2$ rooks, and $11$ bishops. Find the value of a rook, in dollars.


[b]p3.[/b] Ephramis kicking a volleyball. The height of Ephram’s kick, in feet, is determined by $$h(t) = - \frac{p}{12}t^2 +\frac{p}{3}t ,$$ where $p$ is his kicking power and $t$ is the time in seconds. In order to reach the height of $8$ feet between $1$ and $2$ seconds, Ephram’s kicking power must be between reals $a$ and $b$. Find is $100a +b$.


[b]p4.[/b] Disclaimer: No freshmen were harmed in the writing of this problem.

Ephram has superhuman hearing: He can hear sounds up to $8$ miles away. Ephramstands in the middle of a $8$ mile by $24$ mile rectangular grass field. A freshman falls from the sky above a point chosen uniformly and randomly on the grass field. The probability Ephram hears the freshman bounce off the ground is $P\%$. Find $P$ rounded to the nearest integer.
[img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/4/4/29f7a5a709523cd563f48176483536a2ae6562.png[/img]

[b]p5.[/b] Ephram and Brandon are playing a version of chess, sitting on opposite sides of a $6\times 6$ board. Ephram has $6$ white pawns on the row closest to himself, and Brandon has $6$ black pawns on the row closest to himself. During each player’s turn, their only legal move is to move one pawn one square forward towards the opposing player. Pawns cannot move onto a space occupied by another pawn. Players alternate turns, and Ephram goes first (of course). Players take turns until there are no more legal moves for the active player, at which point the game ends. Find the number of possible positions the game can end in.


PS. You should use hide for answers. Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309]here[/url].
We are given the height function of Ephram's kick as:
\[ h(t) = -\frac{p}{12}t^2 + \frac{p}{3}t \]
We need to find the values of \( p \) such that the height \( h(t) \) reaches 8 feet between \( t = 1 \) and \( t = 2 \) seconds.

1. Set the height function equal to 8:
\[ 8 = -\frac{p}{12}t^2 + \frac{p}{3}t \]

2. Multiply through by 12 to clear the fraction:
\[ 96 = -pt^2 + 4pt \]

3. Rearrange the equation to solve for \( p \):
\[ 96 = p(4t - t^2) \]
\[ p = \frac{96}{4t - t^2} \]

4. Determine the range of \( p \) for \( t \) in the interval \([1, 2]\):
   - For \( t = 1 \):
     \[ p = \frac{96}{4(1) - (1)^2} = \frac{96}{4 - 1} = \frac{96}{3} = 32 \]
   - For \( t = 2 \):
     \[ p = \frac{96}{4(2) - (2)^2} = \frac{96}{8 - 4} = \frac{96}{4} = 24 \]

5. Therefore, \( p \) must be between 24 and 32. We are asked to find \( 100a + b \) where \( a \) is the minimum value of \( p \) and \( b \) is the maximum value of \( p \):
\[ 100a + b = 100 \cdot 24 + 32 = 2400 + 32 = 2432 \]

The final answer is \( \boxed{2432} \)