[Circles](https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/Circle) of [radii](https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/Radii) $5, 5, 8,$ and $\frac mn$ are mutually externally tangent, where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers.  Find $m + n.$
[1997 AIME-4.png](https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/File:1997_AIME-4.png)
If (in the diagram above) we draw the line going through the centers of the circles with radii $8$ and $\frac mn = r$, that line is the perpendicular bisector of the segment connecting the centers of the two circles with radii $5$. Then we form two [right triangles](https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/Right_triangles), of lengths $5, x, 5+r$ and $5, 8+r+x, 13$, wher $x$ is the distance between the center of the circle in question and the segment connecting the centers of the two circles of radii $5$. By the [Pythagorean Theorem](https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/Pythagorean_Theorem), we now have two equations with two unknowns:
\begin{eqnarray*} 5^2 + x^2 &=& (5+r)^2 \\ x &=& \sqrt{10r + r^2} \\ && \\ (8 + r + \sqrt{10r+r^2})^2 + 5^2 &=& 13^2\\ 8 + r + \sqrt{10r+r^2} &=& 12\\ \sqrt{10r+r^2}&=& 4-r\\ 10r+r^2 &=& 16 - 8r + r^2\\ r &=& \frac{8}{9} \end{eqnarray*}
So $m+n = \boxed{17}$.

NOTE: It can be seen that there is no apparent need to use the variable x as a 5,12,13 right triangle has been formed.