	PSMs were first described as a pro-inflammatory molecule. This role has been repeatedly demonstrated to be true. PSMs are able to induce the production of a variety of cytokines as well as induce neutrophils to migrate to sites of infection. PSMε in "S. epidermidis" is known to influence the production of IL-8. PSMα in "S. aureus" has been shown to influence IL-17 levels during infection.