CaPo: Cooperative Plan Optimization for Efficient Embodied Multi-Agent Cooperation
Jie Liu Pan Zhou Yingjun Du Ah-Hwee Tan Cees G. M. Snoek Jan-Jakob Sonke Efstratios Gavves
In this work, we address the cooperation problem among large language model (LLM) based embodied agents, where agents must cooperate to achieve a common goal. Previous methods often execute actions extemporaneously and incoherently, without long-term  strategic and cooperative planning, leading to redundant steps, failures, and even serious repercussions in complex tasks like search-and-rescue missions where discussion and cooperative plan are crucial.  To solve this issue, we propose Cooperative Plan Optimization (CaPo) to enhance the cooperation efficiency of LLM-based embodied agents. Inspired by human cooperation schemes, CaPo improves cooperation efficiency with two  phases: 1) meta plan generation, and 2) progress-adaptive meta plan and execution. In the first phase, all agents analyze the task, discuss, and cooperatively create a meta-plan that decomposes the task into subtasks with detailed steps, ensuring a long-term strategic and coherent plan for efficient coordination.  In the second phase, agents execute tasks according to the meta-plan and dynamically adjust it based on their latest progress (e.g., discovering a target object) through multi-turn discussions.  This progress-based adaptation eliminates redundant actions, improving the overall cooperation efficiency of agents. Experimental results on the ThreeDworld Multi-Agent Transport and Communicative Watch-And-Help tasks demonstrate CaPo's much higher task completion rate and efficiency compared with  state-of-the-arts. The code is released at https://github.com/jliu4ai/CaPo.
Embodied AI, multi-agent cooperation, LLM
We propose a new framework to improve cooperation efficiency for embodied mutli-agent cooperation.