---
license: mit
size_categories:
- n>1T
---

# Solar Flare Forecasting Labels

## Dataset Summary

This dataset provides binary labels for solar flare forecasting using a rolling window approach. Labels are generated based on both the **maximum flare intensity** and the **cumulative flare intensity** observed within each window. The data spans from 2010 to 2024 and is derived from NOAA GOES flare event listings.

## Supported Tasks and Applications

- `binary-classification`: Predict whether a given time window will contain a flare 
    - Maximum intensity: greater than or equals to M1.0.
    - Cumulative intensity: greather than or equals to 10.
- `regression`: Predict Maximum intensity or cumulative intensity within a given time window

## Dataset Structure

### Data Files

- `train.csv`: Input data from January to June (6 months)
- `val.csv`: Input data from July to September (3 months)
- `test.csv`: Input data from October to December (3 months)

To create other train, validation, and test set, use these files
- `flare_cls_p1_1h.csv`: Input data from January to March
- `flare_cls_p2_1h.csv`: Input data from April to June
- `flare_cls_p3_1h.csv`: Input data from July to September
- `flare_cls_p4_1h.csv`: Input data from October to December

### Features

- Applies a rolling time window (24h window) to generate:
  - `max_goes_class`:  highest flare intensity/class in the 24-hour window
  - `cumulative_index`:  sum of sub-class values in the 24-hour window
  - `label_max`: Binary label (`max_goes_class` ≥ M1.0)
  - `label_cum`: Binary label (`cumulative_index` ≥ 10)
- Splits dataset into four seasonal subsets (3-month each)
- Supports optional filtering using an external index (e.g., image availability in SuryaBench)

### Data Format

Each labeled record includes:

```json
{
  "timestep": "2013-02-01T00:00:00",
  "max_goes_class": "M2.5",
  "cumulative_index": 38.5,
  "max_label": 1,
  "sum_label": 1
}
```

## Dataset Details

| Field | Description |
|------------------------|---------------------------------------------|
| **Temporal Coverage** | May 13, 2010 – Dec 31, 2024 |
| **Data Format** | CSV (.csv), string-based schema |
| **Data Size** | Total 109,175 instances |
| **Total File Size** | ~3.7MB |