How does Counter-Reformation elucidate its Contemporary events?
Key events of the period include: the Council of Trent (1545–1563); the excommunication of Elizabeth I (1570), the codification of the uniform Roman Rite Mass (1570), and the Battle of Lepanto (1571), occurring during the pontificate of Pius V; the construction of the Gregorian observatory in Rome, the founding of the Gregorian University, the adoption of the Gregorian calendar, and the Jesuit China mission of Matteo Ricci, all under Pope Gregory XIII (r. 1572–1585); the French Wars of Religion; the Long Turkish War and the execution of Giordano Bruno in 1600, under Pope Clement VIII; the birth of the Lyncean Academy of the Papal States, of which the main figure was Galileo Galilei (later put on trial); the final phases of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) during the pontificates of Urban VIII and Innocent X; and the formation of the last Holy League by Innocent XI during the Great Turkish War (1683–1699).
Thirty Years' War Innocent XI French Wars of Religion Gregorian University Pope Gregory XIII calendar Lyncean Academy Jesuit Battle of Lepanto (1571) Jesuit China mission Great Turkish War Matteo Ricci Papal States Elizabeth I Long Turkish War Innocent X Battle of Lepanto Pope Clement VIII Galileo Galilei Pius V Urban VIII Roman Rite Mass Gregorian observatory Gregorian calendar Rome Clement VIII Giordano Bruno French Council of Trent Pope on trial Holy League