Focus on Northbrook Madonna and explain the History.
The painting takes its name from having been in the Northbrook Collection in England. The painting was donated to the Worcester Art Museum in 1940.  At the time it was attributed to Raphael, but scholars have since discarded that idea. There is no clear consensus on its authorship. It is said to possibly have been the work of a student of Raphael, and that he "may have designed it or supervised its execution", or that it "may have been the result of a collaboration, a practice that Raphael was known for throughout his career."In 2015 the painting was exhibited alongside the Small Cowper Madonna by Raphael, on loan from the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. The exhibition's intent was to attempt to identify the artist who painted the Northbrook Madonna, as well as  to "explore Raphael's masterful interpretation and the spread of his early style among followers in Central Italy".In October 2019, another previously unknown painting that particularly closely resembles the Northbrook Madonna was offered for auction by Dorotheum and was expected to sell for €300,000–400,000 ($US 340,000–450,000), ultimately selling instead for $US 2,000,000 (€1,657,190).As of 2021, the museum says the painter of the Northbrook Madonna was possibly Domenico Alfani of Umbria, a region of central Italy. Alfani and Raphael were close friends, they had studied together at the school of Pietro Perugino, and there have also been other instances in which Alfani's work has been incorrectly attributed to Raphael.
Dorotheum Northbrook Collection National Gallery of Art Raphael Umbria Small Cowper Madonna Worcester Art Museum Pietro Perugino Domenico Alfani