Regarding Oaxaca en la historia y en el mito, how does the Independence, Reform, Revolution Panel's Five Civil Wars incorporate the A Collage of War?
A Collage of War Clearly, the bottom half of the image above refers to the War of Independence. In the center of the image, fire engulfs men on horseback. Horseback suggests a later confrontation like the French Invasion or the Mexican Revolution. In front of the flames, a horseman wears a large hat. Such a sombrero was worn by Maximilian during the Second French Intervention and by the leaders of the Mexican Revolution such as Poncho Villa.  The image of the  Virgin of Guadalupe dominates as we will see below.
The top images reflect exploited campesinos working in the production of sugar. The Mexican Revolution started on the 100th anniversary (1910) of the beginning of the War of Independence (1810). And in that sense, the two blend together, as they do in the mural.
The consistent theme of all five civil wars is liberals versus conservatives and to some extent, one war led to another. One author has suggested that the 19th century in Mexico was one long civil war.
civil war Maximilian Second French Intervention Mexica War of Independence Independence center The Mexican Revolution Mexican Revolution mural