Focus on The Holy Virgin Mary and explore the Reception.
The painting was made in 1996 and it was bought by Charles Saatchi that year.  It was included in the Sensation exhibition in London in 1997 and Berlin in 1998.The mixture of the sacred (Virgin Mary) and the profane (excrement and pornography) became a cause of controversy when the Sensation exhibition moved to New York in 1999. The City of New York and Mayor Rudolph Giuliani brought a court case against the Brooklyn Museum, with Giuliani describing the exhibition of Ofili's work as "sick" and "disgusting". Giuliani attempted to withdraw the annual $7 million City Hall grant from the museum, and threatened it with eviction. The museum resisted Giuliani's demands, and its director, Arnold L. Lehman, filed a federal lawsuit against Giuliani for a breach of the First Amendment. The museum eventually won the court case.Giuliani was reported as claiming that Ofili had thrown elephant dung at a painting of the Virgin Mary: "The idea of having so-called works of art in which people are throwing elephant dung at a picture of the Virgin Mary is sick." The press also reported that the painting was "smeared", "splattered" or "stained" with dung. Ofili, raised as a Roman Catholic commented that "elephant dung in itself is quite a beautiful object."The work was protected by a plexiglass screen, but was damaged when Dennis Heiner smeared white paint over the canvas on 16 December 1999. Heiner was charged with second-degree criminal mischief, and received a conditional discharge and a $250 fine. Scott LoBaido, an artist from Staten Island, was arrested on 30 September 1999 for throwing horse manure at the museum. He accused Chris Ofili's work of "Catholic bashing". Museum guards protecting the painting were quoted as saying: "It's not the Virgin Mary. It's a painting."A planned exhibition at the National Gallery of Australia in Canberra in 2000 was cancelled after the US controversy.
The painting was bought by Australian art collector David Walsh in 2007. It was included in Ofili's mid-career retrospective at Tate Britain in 2010. From 2011, it was exhibited at Walsh's Museum of Old and New Art (MONA) in Hobart, Tasmania, the largest private art museum in the Southern Hemisphere.It was sold at auction by Christie's in London on 30 June 2015, realizing a hammer price of £2,882,500, an auction record for the artist.  Steven and Alexandra Cohen gifted the painting to the Museum of Modern Art in New York City in 2018.
Sensation Hobart New York City Tasmania Chris Ofili Steven and Alexandra Cohen First Amendment Tate Britain National Gallery of Australia David Walsh Museum of Old and New Art hammer price Christie's Rudolph Giuliani Brooklyn Museum  David Walsh Museum of Modern Art Arnold L. Lehman Charles Saatchi Virgin Mary pornography