How does this artwork elucidate its Description and characteristics?
José María de Torrijos y Uriarte, also known as General Torrijos, was a Spanish liberal soldier and politician remembered above all for his bitter fight against the absolutism that Ferdinand VII of Spain wanted to impose, which cost Torrijos prison and exile.
An outstanding military man who became captain general of Valencia, field marshal and minister of war during the Liberal Triennium (1820-1823), Torrijos prepared the so-called Torrijos pronouncement from his exile in England (1824-1830), where he lived thanks in part to the aid granted by the Duke of Wellington to the Spanish exiles who had fought under his command in the Spanish War of Independence. On December 2, 1831, together with sixty of his closest associates, he landed on the beaches of Malaga from Gibraltar. There he was betrayed by Governor Vicente González Moreno, who had promised him his support, and they were captured by absolutist troops. Eight days later, on December 11 and without trial, Torrijos was shot along with forty-eight of his companions on the beaches of Malaga.
In the painting, the prisoners are lined up with their hands tied, while some friars are busy blindfolding them and trying to offer the condemned one last consolation. Behind them the firing squad awaits orders, while in the foreground, on the ground, some men lie already dead in a clearly Goyesque detail.Torrijos is in the center of the composition, standing out slightly from the rest of the characters. To his left, holding his hand, is an elderly man, Francisco Fernández Golfín, former Minister of War, and to the right, holding his hand, Manuel Flores Calderón, dressed in a pale frock coat. To his right are Colonel López Pinto, the English officer Robert Boyd and Francisco Borja Pardio.
Liberal Triennium José María de Torrijos y Uriarte Spanish War of Independence Spanish Ferdinand VII Ferdinand VII of Spain Manuel Flores Calderón Goyesque Duke of Wellington