How does this artwork elucidate its Provenance?
The painting was listed in the first catalogue of the Royal Collection, compiled in 1637–40.  The very large painting, 3.67 metres (12.0 ft) high by 2.92 metres (9 ft 7 in) wide, was hung at the end of a long gallery at Hampton Court Palace.  The Royal Collection was dispersed under the Commonwealth, and the painting was sold to Sir Balthazar Gerbier, formerly the king's agent in Antwerp, for £200 on 21 June 1650.  It was acquired by Gisbert van Ceulen, who sold it to Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria and Governor of the Spanish Netherlands, in 1698, but was soon taken from Munich as booty of war by Emperor Joseph I.  He presented the painting to John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, in November 1706.
It was displayed at Blenheim Palace until the 8th Duke of Marlborough sold it to the National Gallery in 1895 for £17,500.  It is usually exhibited in Room 21.  The modern Royal Collection includes a smaller version, possibly a modello but perhaps a reduced later version.
Emperor Joseph I Blenheim Palace 8th Duke of Marlborough Balthazar Gerbier Elector of Bavaria Hampton Court Palace National Gallery Gisbert van Ceulen Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria modello Royal Collection John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough Governor of the Spanish Netherlands Maximilian II Emanuel Commonwealth