Focus on Saint Peter (Grão Vasco) and explain the History.
From records of payments from the chapter of Viseu Cathedral, it is known that Vasco Fernandes (later commonly referred to by the moniker Grão Vasco, "The Great Vasco") had an important artistic workshop in the city of Viseu between 1515 and 1535.
In 1529–35, Miguel da Silva, Bishop of Viseu, commissioned five paintings from Fernandes to grace the side altars of Viseu Cathedral as well as its cloisters, to wit: this Saint Peter and a Baptism of Christ for the two chancel chapels (of the Epistle and Gospel side, respectively), a Calvary and Pentecost for the two transept chapels (sacred to the Blessed Sacrament, on the south semitransept, and the Holy Spirit, respectively), and a Saint Sebastian for a chapel dedicated to that saint, in the cloisters.
The series of paintings underwent restoration in 1607, about 72 years after they were created. It is known that they were saved from overpainting due to the early recognition of their artistic value as an important part of the prestigious artist's corpus; this information was left in writing by canon Botelho Pereira in 1630. Out of the different paintings, and owing to its quality, Saint Peter was the most protected from alteration. When the Cathedral was redecorated in keeping with Baroque tastes in the 1720s–30s, these paintings were moved to the sacristy: writings from 1758 (Diccionario Geographico), 1843 (Oliveira Bernardo), 1865 (John Charles Robinson), and 1890 (Joaquim de Vasconcelos) attest their permanence in this space for many decades.
In the 19th century, the work of Grão Vasco gained the attention of the Arundel Society, specifically the Saint Peter in Viseu Cathedral, recognised as a remarkable picture "of the greatest merit, but virtually unknown". In 1884, Arundel Society trustees Sir William Henry Gregory and Sir Austen Henry Layard submitted a request to Miguel Martins d'Antas, the Minister of Portugal in London, so the Portuguese government would allow an artist appointed by the Arundel Society to copy the painting (along with others in Viseu Cathedral and in the Hospital da Misericórdia, in Oporto) in order to produce and distribute chromolithograph prints of it; the authorisation was granted following the favourable opinion of the Civil Governor of Porto and of the Bishop of Viseu (José Dias Correia de Carvalho). The nearly insignificant number of works by non-Italian artists chosen to be reproduced makes it truly notable: Grão Vasco was put alongside the likes of Van Eyck, Memling, or Dürer. The artist chosen to copy the painting, Emilio Costantini, travelled to Viseu in 1887; the chromolithographs, by Wilhelm Greve, were published in 1892.The Saint Peter was incorporated into the collections of the Grão Vasco National Museum, in Viseu; in 2006, it was classified as a National Treasure by the Ministry of Culture.
Van Eyck Vasco Fernandes José Dias Correia de Carvalho Saint Peter Miguel da Silva painting John Charles Robinson overpainting Minister of Portugal in London Grão Vasco Oporto side altar Memling Blessed Sacrament Gospel Sir Austen Henry Layard Viseu Epistle Dürer Ministry of Culture Sir William Henry Gregory Portugal restoration Holy Spirit Miguel Martins d'Antas National Treasure Baroque Bishop of Viseu sacristy chancel Arundel Society chapter Civil Governor Austen Henry Layard Porto William Henry Gregory Grão Vasco National Museum Emilio Costantini Viseu Cathedral Gospel side Portuguese left Peter Joaquim de Vasconcelos canon chromolithograph transept