In this artwork, how is the Orientalism discussed?
The work provides an example of the Orientalism, specifically Japonisme which was a significant influence on Whistler and many other Impressionists during this period. The flattened, silhouetted forms are typical of contemporaneous Ukiyo-e prints. More specifically, Whistler often drew composition inspiration from One Hundred Famous Views of Edo and other works by Hiroshige and Hiroshige II. The monochromatic colour washes, visible brushstrokes, and subdued composition echo sumi-e.  All this is underscored by Whistler's use of the 'butterfly' signature in the centre of the bottom edge of the painting, imitating a "chop" seal.
Hiroshige II Japonism Impressionists Japonisme Ukiyo-e Hiroshige "chop" seal. One Hundred Famous Views of Edo sumi-e Orientalism