Focusing on the Independence, Reform, Revolution Panel of this artwork, explore the Juárez and 11 men about the Margarita Maza Juárez.
Juárez and 11 men Benito Juárez shares a prominent place on this panel along with 11 men mostly from Oaxaca who contributed to his success. received her as They are noted for their association with the Institute of Sciences and Arts of Oaxaca, their government service, their military leadership and their service in the Juárez cabinets.
Of the seven men on the right hand of Benito Juárez, the first one is General Ignacio Zaragoza Seguin. He famously led the Mexican army of 600 men, (or was it 2,000) at the Battle of Puebla on May 5, 1862. This is the origin of the Cinco de Mayo celebrations. Next, the soldier with the hat and sword is General Mariano Escobedo. Maximilian handed him the sword he holds before his execution.
Ignacio Ramírez is third to the right of Juárez. He is famous for his atheism and contributions to anti-clericalism in Mexico that limited the Catholic Church and was linked to four of the five civil wars. Next is Matias Romero, a writer of deep thought, like others in the picture he helped to draft the Constitution of 1857. Ignacio Mariscal stands fifth. For more than 27 years he held the position of Secretary of Foreign Relations. Beside him, Marcos Pérez, a teacher at the Oaxaca State Institute of Arts and Sciences. The seventh man is José María Castillo Velasco. He also help to draft the Constitution of '57 and served as a colonel during the French Intervention. Most of these men are Caudillos (military and political leaders), a phenomenon discussed below.
Of the four men pictured on the left of Juárez, the first man is Melchor Ocampo, with his hand on his heart. In France he learned about the liberal and anticlerical ideas of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution. His radical anti-clerical ideas were incorporated in the Reform Laws and the Mexican Constitution of 1857. Next is Ignacio Mejía. He was a Mexican politician and also he fought in the Mexican-American War (1846–48), in the War of Reform (1858–60), in the Second French Intervention in Mexico (1861-1867). Next, a young Porfirio Díaz Mori looks defiant in his military uniform. He supported Juárez in the Reform War and during the French invasion. Later he broke with Juárez and became the dictator-president of Mexico for 34 years. Both Juárez and Díaz were from Oaxaca and attended El Instituto de Ciencias y Artes de Oaxaca where they learned liberal ideas. Díaz later supplement his liberal ideas with strong-arm techniques. The last man to the left of Juárez is José Marie Díaz Ordaz. He was a governor of Oaxaca and fought against the Conservatives.
Puebla May 5, 1862 Oaxaca anticlerical ideas civil war Melchor Ocampo Maximilian Benito Juárez Mexican army Second French Intervention José María Castillo Velasco Constitution of 1857 Enlightenment atheism Mexica War of Reform Mexican-American War liberal ideas Reform War Matias Romero Battle of Puebla General Ignacio Zaragoza Seguin Ignacio Ramírez Catholic Church Instituto de Ciencias y Artes de Oaxaca Reform Laws Second French Intervention in Mexico Caudillo anti-clerical Institute of Sciences and Arts of Oaxaca Mariano Escobedo Porfirio Díaz Mori anti-clericalism in Mexico Cinco de Mayo Conservative Mexican Constitution of 1857 Ignacio Mejía Ignacio Zaragoza Ignacio Mariscal execution left General Mariano Escobedo French Revolution Porfirio Díaz