Focus on Counter-Reformation and explain the Terminology.
'Counter-Reformation’ is a translation of German: Gegenreformation.: 33 Protestant historians have tended to speak in terms of Catholic reform as part of the Counter-Reformation, itself a response to the Reformation.In nineteenth-century Germany, the term became part of the German: Kulturkampf: ‘Counter-Reformation’ was used by Protestant historians as a negative and one-dimensional concept that stressed the aspect of reaction and resistance to Protestantism and neglected that of reform within Catholicism. The term was understandably shunned by Catholic historians. Even when the Protestant historian Wilhelm Maurenbrecher introduced the term ‘Catholic Reformation’ in 1880, German historiography remained confessionally divided on the subject. The term ‘Catholic Reformation’ appealed to Catholic historians because it offered them the possibility of avoiding the term ‘Counter-Reformation’, with its problematic connotation of a mere reaction to Protestantism. But it was rejected by Protestant historians – largely because they did not want the term ‘Reformation’ to be used for anything other than the Protestant Reformation.: 33  
Catholic historians tend to emphasize them as different. The French historian Henri Daniel-Rops wrote:The term ('counter-reformation'), however, though common, is misleading: it cannot rightly be applied, logically or chronologically, to that sudden awakening as of a startled giant, that wonderful effort of rejuvenation and reorganization, which in a space of thirty years gave to the Church an altogether new appearance. … The so-called 'counter-reformation' did not begin with the Council of Trent, long after Luther; its origins and initial achievements were much anterior to the fame of Wittenberg. It was undertaken, not by way of answering the 'reformers,' but in obedience to demands and principles that are part of the unalterable tradition of the Church and proceed from her most fundamental loyalties.
The Italian historian Massimo Firpo has distinguished "Catholic Reformation" from "Counter-Reformation" by their issues. In his view, the general "Catholic Reformation" was "centered on the care of souls ..., episcopal residence, the renewal of the clergy, together with the charitable and educational roles of the new religious orders", whereas the specific "Counter-Reformation" was "founded upon the defence of orthodoxy, the repression of dissent, the reassertion of ecclesiastical authority".Other relevant terms that may be encountered:'Pre-Tridentine' -  before, or the status quo ante of, the Council of Trent (such as "pre-Tridentine Mass")
'Tridentine' - initiated at, or as a result of, the Council of Trent (1545-1563) (such as "Tridentine Mass")
'Post-Tridentine' - sometimes synonym for Tridentine; alteratively some subsequent distinct reaction or development (such as "post-Tridentine Mass")
 
Darker colour approximates most intense period of change or impact
clergy pre-Tridentine Mass Protestantism Germany Kulturkampf Tridentine Mass confessionally Catholic reform Protestant Reformation Counter-Reformation Henri Daniel-Rops Daniel-Rops Protestant French Reformation right Council of Trent status quo ante post-Tridentine Mass Wilhelm Maurenbrecher