question: Q:Thirty minutes after surgical nasal polyp removal for refractory rhinitis, a 40-year-old man has retrosternal chest tightness and shortness of breath in the post-anesthesia care unit. The surgical course was uncomplicated and the patient was successfully extubated before arrival to the unit. He received 0.5 L of lactated Ringer's solution intraoperatively. The patient was given morphine and ketorolac for postoperative pain. He has a history of obstructive sleep apnea, asthma, hypertension, and sensitivity to aspirin. His daily medications include metoprolol and lisinopril. He has smoked a pack of cigarettes daily for 20 years. Pulse oximetry shows an oxygen concentration of 97% with support of 100% oxygen via face mask. Bilateral wheezes are heard in both lungs. Breath sounds are decreased. The patient's face appears flushed. ECG shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause of this patient's symptoms?? 
  {'A': 'Excessive beta-adrenergic blockade', 'B': 'Prinzmetal angina', 'C': 'Alveolar rupture', 'D': 'Pseudoallergic reaction', 'E': 'Bradykinin-induced bronchial irritation'},