question: My 86 year old father has been just told he needs an aorta valve replacement. His test results have substantially changed in a year.  He has a pacemaker and stent now.  The cardiologist states he is at high risk for stroke, heart attack, kidney failture and/or pneumonia if he has the surgery.  He states he could go at any time or he could live for another five years without the surgery.  I don't know what to do.