question: Q:A 70-year-old man presents to a medical office with painful micturition for 2 weeks. He denies any other symptoms. The past medical history is unremarkable. He has been a smoker most of his life, smoking approx. 1 pack of cigarettes every day. The physical examination is benign. A urinalysis shows an abundance of red blood cells. A cystoscopy is performed, which reveals a slightly erythematous area measuring 1.5 x 1 cm on the bladder mucosa. A biopsy is obtained and microscopic evaluation shows cells with an increased nuclear: cytoplasmic ratio and marked hyperchromatism involving the full thickness of the epithelium, but above the basement membrane. Which of the following best describes the biopsy findings?? 
  {'A': 'Reactive atypia', 'B': 'Microinvasion', 'C': 'Urothelial metaplasia', 'D': 'Urothelial carcinoma-in-situ', 'E': 'Urothelial hyperplasia'},