question: Q:An 82-year-old male with a history of congestive heart failure presented with new-onset atrial fibrillation. He was initially started on carvedilol, but he now requires an additional agent for rate control. He is started on a medicine and is warned by his physician of the following potential side effects associated with this therapy: nausea, vomiting, confusion, blurry yellow vision, electrolyte abnormalities, and potentially fatal arrhythmia. Which of the following is most likely to increase this patient's susceptibility to the toxic effects associated with this medication?? 
  {'A': 'Hyponatremia', 'B': 'Elevated AST and ALT', 'C': 'Hypokalemia', 'D': 'Increased GFR with normal creatinine', 'E': 'Hyperkalemia'},