question: Q:A 16-year-old boy presents with shortness of breath after prolonged exposure to cold air during a recent hike with his friends. Past medical history is significant for asthma, untreated because he doesn't like using medications. The patient says he is a non-smoker and occasionally drinks alcohol. On physical examination, his temperature is 37.0°C (98.6°F), pulse rate is 120/min, blood pressure is 114/76 mm Hg, and respiratory rate is 32/min. Auscultation of the chest reveals bilateral wheezing. Nebulized ipratropium bromide results in significant clinical improvement. Which of the following second messenger systems is affected by this drug?? 
  {'A': 'Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) system', 'B': 'Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) system', 'C': 'Arachidonic acid system', 'D': 'Phosphoinositol system', 'E': 'Tyrosine kinase system'},