I know very little about color blindness. Are you familiar with this disorder?
Yes, it is a deficiency where a person has decreased ability to see differences in color.
Can they see any colors at all or is everything black and white?
They just see more dull colors. Complete color blindness can also cause decreased visual activity.
Are those impaired allowed to obtain a driver's license?
Yes. They have a decreased ability to recognize colors but they would still understand the signs with whatever color they see.
Is this a genetic issue?
the brain. Diagnosis is typically with the Ishihara color test; however, a number of other testing methods, including genetic testing, also exist.
There is no cure for color blindness. Diagnosis may allow a person's teacher to change their method of teaching to accommodate the decreased ability to recognize colors. Special lenses may help people with red-green color blindness when under bright conditions. There are also mobile apps that can help people identify colors.
Red-green color blindness is the most common form, followed
an over-simplification and is somewhat misleading. Other forms of color blindness are much more rare. They include problems in discriminating blues from greens and yellows from reds/pinks, and the rarest form of all, complete color blindness or "monochromacy", where one cannot distinguish any color from grey, as in a black-and-white movie or photograph.
Protanopes, deuteranopes, and tritanopes are dichromats; that is, they can match any color they see with some mixture of just two primary colors (