My mother used to be a teacher and as a child growing up I have always bee very curious about teachers.
A teacher is also called a school teacher
When did the profession of being a teacher originate?
I don't know. In ancient civilization in Egypt and greece teachers help others acquire knowledge or valves 
How many different types of teachers are there or do they all come under one umbrella? 
So many. Informally, anyone can take the role of a teacher
To be a formal teacher, how long would it take oneself to get the qualifications needed?
Teacher
A teacher (also called a school teacher or, in some contexts, an educator) is a person who helps students to acquire knowledge, competence or virtue.
"Informally" the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g. when showing a colleague how to perform a specific task). 
In some countries, teaching young people of school age may be carried out in an informal setting, such as within the family (homeschooling), rather than in a formal setting such as a school
curiosity and both her parents were supportive of her interest in science, she did not always see the same support from her teachers. When Jemison told a kindergarten teacher she wanted to be a scientist when she grew up, the teacher assumed she meant she wanted to be a nurse. Seeing a lack of female astronauts during the Apollo missions also frustrated Jemison. She later recalled, "everybody was thrilled about space, but I remember being irritated that there were no women astronauts."
Jemison began studying ballet at the age