I'm relatively new to parenting, my kid is only 1.
when dealing with parenting, the most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parents of the child in question
Too true!  Are there other types of parenting?
in some cases orphaned or abondoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations
Oh yeah, like a foster parent.  Do you know anything about foster parenting?
Foster care in the United States
Foster care is the term used for a system in which a minor who has been made a ward is placed in an institution, group home (residential child care community, residential treatment center, ...), or private home of a state certified caregiver referred to as a "foster parent". The placement of the child is usually arranged through the government or a social-service agency. The institution, group home or foster parent is provided compensation for expenses.
The state via
friend. Governments and society may also have a role in child-rearing. In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent or non-blood relations. Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage. Parenting skills vary, and a parent or surrogate with good parenting skills may be referred to as a "good parent".
Parenting styles vary by historical time period, race/ethnicity, social class, and other social features. Additionally, research