text: Using Australia:\n\nUnder s51 of the Australian Constitution, the Federal Parliament is give a list of powers in which they can pass law or amend laws over, known as exclusive. Other powers not listed there belong solely to the states, and are known as residual powers (s52). Sometimes, there are powers which overlap, and they are shared (Concurrent Powers), with Federal law prevailing over state when a conflict occurs between the two laws (s109). \n\nThe powers which Federal has are those which deals with money, external affairs, and other subjects which the whole of Australia is affected. The State powers are those "closer to home," such as health or education, which can differ from state to state. \n\nOtherwise, both Parliaments exercise the same power (or close to), with both Parlt having two houses (Queensland Parliament has only one house) and can pass law anytime Parliament is sitting.