text: Organic contamination comes from multiple sources throughout the semiconductor manufacturing process.  Organic residues left on the device can have negative effect on the wafer quality and impact wafer yield. The organics can also be a source of food for bacteria in the ultrapure water system. Due to the quality requirements of semiconductor water, TOC must be monitored at the parts per billion level.  Continuous, on-line TOC analyzers play an important role in the monitoring of water systems to help provided a reliable indication of system health.