text: The standard enthalpy change of any reaction can be calculated from the standard enthalpies of formation of reactants and products using Hesss law. A given reaction is considered as the decomposition of all reactants into elements in their standard states, followed by the formation of all products. The heat of reaction is then minus the sum of the standard enthalpies of formation of the reactants (each being multiplied by its respective stoichiometric coefficient, ) plus' the sum of the standard enthalpies of formation of the products (each also multiplied by its respective stoichiometric coefficient), as shown in the equation below:
  If the standard enthalpy of the products is less than the standard enthalpy of the reactants, the standard enthalpy of reaction is negative. This implies that the reaction is exothermic. The converse is also true; the standard enthalpy of reaction is positive for an endothermic reaction. This calculation has a tacit assumption of ideal solution between reactants and products where the enthalpy of mixing is zero.
  For example, for the combustion of methane, :
  However  is an element in its standard state, so that , and the heat of reaction is simplified to 
  which is the equation in the previous section for the enthalpy of combustion .