text: Vaginal aplasia is a rare medical condition in which the vagina does not form properly before birth.  Those with the condition may have a partially formed vagina, or none at all. The condition is typically treated by reconstructive surgery.  First a space is surgically created where the vagina would typically exist.  Then tissue from another part of the body is harvested, molded into the shape of a vagina, and grafted into the vagina cavity.  This technique has significant drawbacks.  Typically, the implanted tissue does not function normally as a muscle, which can lead to low enjoyment of sexual intercourse.  Additionally, stenosis (narrowing of the cavity) can occur over time.  Most women require multiple surgeries before a satisfactory result is achieved. An alternative to traditional reconstructive surgery is transplantation.