text: The resistance arises from the prevailing limitations on availability (local concentration) and mobility of the ions whose motion between the electrolyte and the electrode constitutes the faradaic current.  The capacitance is that of the capacitor formed by the electrolyte and the electrode, separated by the Debye screening length and giving rise to the double-layer capacitance at the electrolyte-electrode interface.  When the supply of ions does not meet the demand created by the potential the resistance increases, the effect being that of a constant current source or sink, and the cell is then said to be polarized at that electrode.  The extent of polarization, and hence the faradaic impedance, can be controlled by varying the concentration of electrolyte ions and the temperature, by stirring the electrolyte, etc.  The chemistry of the electrolyte-electrode interface is also a crucial factor.
  Electrodes constructed as smooth planar sheets of metal have the least surface area.  The area can be increased by using a woven mesh or porous or sintered metals.  In this case faradaic impedance may be more appropriately modeled as a transmission line consisting of resistors in series coupled by capacitors in parallel.