text: Advantages of the copper–chlorine cycle include lower operating temperatures, the ability to use low-grade waste heat to improve energy efficiency, and potentially lower cost materials. In comparison with other thermochemical cycles, the Cu–Cl process requires relatively low temperatures of up to . 
  Another significant merit of this cycle is a relatively low voltage (thus low electrical energy expenditure) that is required for the electrochemical step (0.6 to 1.0 V, perhaps even 0.5 if lower current density can be achieved). The overall efficiency of the Cu–Cl cycle has been estimated to be just over 43%, excluding the additional potential gains of utilizing waste heat in the cycle.
  Solids handling between processes and corrosive working fluids present unique challenges for the engineering equipment development. Among others, the following materials are being currently used: spray coatings, nickel alloys, glass-lined steel, refractory materials, and other advanced materials.