text: Section A on Cryogenics and Liquefied Gases focuses on refrigeration science and technology at low temperatures: the cryogenic domain spans the lower part of the temperature scale, from absolute zero to 120 K, thus encompassing the normal boiling points of air gases as well as of liquid natural gas (LNG).
  Section A comprises two Commissions, A1 Cryophysics and Cryoengineering, and A2 Liquefaction and Separation of Gases. Commission A1 deals with research, development and industrial activities at the lowest temperatures, including low-temperature physics, applications of superconductivity and helium cryogenics. Commission A2 essentially covers the liquefied gas industry, including air separation and LNG technology, two mature domains with high economic stakes and ongoing developments addressing important societal issues such as energy efficiency and carbon sequestration.
  Section A also maintains and develops relations with other Sections of the IIR, mainly Commission B1 Thermodynamics and Transfer Processes in the field of thermodynamics and transfer processes, essential tools of the cryogenic engineer, and Commission C1 Cryobiology, Cryomedicine and Health Products for the cooling of biological specimens and living tissues for preservation or treatment which require implementing cryogenic processes. Section A consists of a panel of multidisciplinary professionals and experts in sciences and technologies such as thermodynamics, condensed matter physics, materials science, heat transfer, fluid dynamics, vacuum and leak-tightness, instrumentation and process control, applied to the low-temperature domain.
  * Commission A1: Cryophysics and Cryoengineering
  Commission A1 on Cryophysics and Cryoengineering deals with research, development and industrial activities at the lowest temperatures, including low-temperature physics, applications of superconductivity and helium cryogenics.
  * Commission A2: Liquefaction and Separation of Gases
  The  work  of  Commission A2 Liquefaction and Separation of Gases reflects world-wide activities in the domain of separation of  gases  and  liquefaction.  Apart  from  the personal involvement of Commission members in  various  projects,  the commission is present  at conferences,  workshops  and  seminars:  LNG International  Exhibition  and  Conference, GASTECH,  Cryogenics,  Cryogen  Expos, European  Cryogenic  Course  and  others.
  The commission is close to academia, industry and end users of separated and liquefied gases.
  Commission members work closely with Commission A1 Cryophysics, Cryoengineering  and  Commission  C1  Cryobiology, Cryomedicine and Health Products.