text: In fluid dynamics, the Coriolis–Stokes force is a forcing of the mean flow in a rotating fluid due to interaction of the Coriolis effect and wave-induced Stokes drift. This force acts on water independently of the wind stress.
  This force is named after Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis and George Gabriel Stokes, two nineteenth-century scientists. Important initial studies into the effects of the Earth's rotation on the wave motion – and the resulting forcing effects on the mean ocean circulation – were done by ,  and .
  The Coriolis–Stokes forcing on the mean circulation in an Eulerian reference frame was first given by :
  to be added to the common Coriolis forcing  Here  is the mean flow velocity in an Eulerian reference frame and  is the Stokes drift velocity – provided both are horizontal velocities (perpendicular to ). Further  is the fluid density,  is the cross product operator,  where  is the Coriolis parameter (with  the Earths rotation angular speed and  the sine of the latitude) and  is the unit vector in the vertical upward direction (opposing the Earths gravity). 
  Since the Stokes drift velocity  is in the wave propagation direction, and  is in the vertical direction, the Coriolis–Stokes forcing is perpendicular to the wave propagation direction (i.e. in the direction parallel to the wave crests). In deep water the Stokes drift velocity is  with  the wave's phase velocity,  the wavenumber,  the wave amplitude and  the vertical coordinate (positive in the upward direction opposing the gravitational acceleration).