text: Differences in the abundance of isotopes among natural samples are extremely small (almost always below 0.1% or 1 per mille). Nevertheless, these very small differences can record meaningful geological processes. To compare these tiny but meaningful differences, isotope abundances in natural materials are often reported relative to isotope abundances in designated standards, with the delta (δ) notation. The absolute values of Xe isotopes are normalized to atmospheric Xe. Define  where i = 124, 126, 128, 129, 131, 132, 134, 136.