text: Some techniques commonly used in bioanalytical studies include:
  *Hyphenated techniques
  **LC–MS (liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry)
  **GC–MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry)
  **LC–DAD (liquid chromatography–diode array detection)
  **CE–MS (capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry)
  *Chromatographic methods
  **HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography)
  **GC (gas chromatography)
  **UPLC (ultra performance liquid chromatography)
  **Supercritical fluid chromatography
  *Electrophoresis
  *Ligand binding assays
  **Dual polarisation interferometry
  **ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
  **MIA (magnetic immunoassay)
  **RIA (radioimmunoassay)
  *Mass spectrometry
  *Nuclear magnetic resonance
  The most frequently used techniques are: liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for small molecules and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for macromolecules.