text: A year after Oliver and Schafer, Władysław Szymonowicz (1869–1939) and Napoleon Cybulski of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków reported similar findings and conclusions. They found that blood from the adrenal veins caused hypertension when injected intravenously in a recipient dog, whereas blood from other veins did not, demonstrating that the adrenal pressor substance was in fact secreted into the blood and confirming Vulpian. The Polish authors freely acknowledged the priority of Oliver and Schäfer, and the British authors acknowledged the independence of Szymonowicz and Cybulski. The main difference was in the location of the action: to the periphery by Oliver and Schäfer but, erroneously, to the central nervous system by Szymonowicz and Cybulski.
  Another year later, the US-American ophthalmologist William Bates, perhaps motivated like Oliver, instilled adrenal extracts into the eye and found that ″the conjunctiva of the globe and lids whitened in a few minutes″, correctly explained the effect by vasoconstriction, and administered the extracts in various eye diseases.