text: *Major categories of bio-compounds:
  **Carbohydrates : sugar – disaccharide – polysaccharide – starch – glycogen
  **Lipids : fatty acid – fats – essential oils – oils – waxes – cholesterol
  **Nucleic acids : DNA – RNA – mRNA – tRNA – rRNA – codon – adenosine – cytosine – guanine – thymine – uracil
  **Proteins :
  ***amino acid – glycine – arginine – lysine
  ***peptide – primary structure – secondary structure – tertiary structure – conformation – protein folding
  *Chemical properties:
  **molecular bond – covalent bond – ionic bond – hydrogen bond – ester – ethyl
  **molecular charge – hydrophilic – hydrophobic – polar
  **pH – acid – alkaline – base
  **oxidation – reduction – hydrolysis
  *Structural compounds:
  **In cells: flagellin – peptidoglycan – myelin – actin – myosin
  **In animals: chitin – keratin – collagen – silk
  **In plants: cellulose – lignin – cell wall
  *Enzymes and enzyme activity:
  **enzyme kinetics – enzyme inhibition
  **proteolysis – ubiquitin – proteasome
  **kinase – dehydrogenase
  *Membranes : fluid mosaic model – diffusion – osmosis
  **phospholipids – glycolipid – glycocalyx – antigen – isoprene
  **ion channel – proton pump – electron transport – ion gradient – antiporter – symporter – quinone – riboflavin
  *Energy pathways :
  **pigments : chlorophyll – carotenoids – xanthophyll – cytochrome – phycobilin – bacteriorhodopsin – hemoglobin – myoglobin – absorption spectrum – action spectrum – fluorescence
  **Photosynthesis : light reaction – dark reaction
  **Fermentation : Acetyl-CoA – lactic acid
  **Cellular respiration : Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) – NADH – pyruvate – oxalate – citrate
  **Chemosynthesis
  *Regulation
  **hormones : auxin
  **signal transduction – growth factor – transcription factor – protein kinase – SH3 domain
  **Malfunctions : tumor – oncogene – tumor suppressor gene
  **Receptors : Integrin – transmembrane receptor – ion channel
  *Techniques : electrophoresis – chromatography – mass spectrometry – x-ray diffraction – Southern blot – fractionation – Gram stain – Surface Plasmon Resonance  – Microscale Thermophoresis