text: The malate shuttle allows the mitochondria to move electrons from NADH without the consumption of metabolites and it uses two antiporters to transport metabolites and keep balance within the mitochondrial matrix and cytoplasm.
  On the cytoplasmic side a transaminase enzyme is used to remove an amino group from aspartate which is converted into oxaloacetate, then malate dehydrogenase enzyme uses an NADH cofactor to reduce oxaloacetate to malate which can be transported across the membrane because of the presence of a transporter.
  Once the malate is inside the matrix its converted back to oxaloacetate, which is converted to aspartate and can be transported back outside the mitochondria to allow the cycle to continue. The movement of oxaloacetate across the membrane transports electrons and is known as the outer ring. The inner ring primary function is not to move electrons but regenerate the metabolites.