text: It has been rigorously experimentally established that: <br>
  	a) When a true (thermodynamic) equilibrium is reached between a crystalline solid phase (electrolyte) and a solution, the microcomponent present in the solution and isomorphic with the solid phase is distributed between the two immiscible solvents according to the Berthelot-Nernst law and at that in all known cases in its simple form:  Ск/Ср=К or
  </div>
  where x is the amount of microcomponent transferred into crystals, a is the total amount of microcomponent, y and b are the corresponding values for macrocomponent.<br>
  	b) The mechanism responsible for achieving true equilibrium between the crystalline phase and the solution is reduced to the process of multiple recrystallization of the solid phase, that replaces in the considered case practically absent under ordinary conditions the diffusion process in the solid state. Recrystallization at submicroscopic sizes of crystals proceeds extremely fast, thus in crystallization from supersaturated solutions recrystallization and establishment of equilibrium are finished at the stage when crystallites are small enough.
  	c) In the case of slow crystallization not from supersaturated solutions, but from saturated ones, in particular, due to slow evaporation, the true equilibrium between crystals and solution is not observed, and the distribution of the microcomponent between the solid phase and solution proceeds in this case according to the logarithmic law of Goskins and Derner, developed on the basis of the idea of continuous ion exchange between the faces of the growing crystal and the solution </div>
  Here, as above: a is the total amount of microcomponent, x is the amount of microcomponent transferred to the solid phase, b is the total amount of macrocomponent, y is the amount of macrocomponent transferred to the solid phase. <br>
  	d) An abrupt change in the value of D with a change in temparature or in the composition of the liquid phase is an indicator of the occurrence of a new chemical equilibrium in solution or in the solid phase.
  	The case of distribution of the microcomponent between the crystalline solid phase and the solution (according to the Berthelot-Nernst or Goskins and Derner law) can serve as evidence for the formation between the microcomponent and the anion or cation of the solid phase of compounds crystallizing isomorphically with the solid phase.