text: Rate constant can be calculated for elementary reactions by molecular dynamics simulations.
  One possible approach is to calculate the mean residence time of the molecule in the reactant state. Although this is feasible for small systems with short residence times, this approach is not widely applicable as reactions are often rare events on molecular scale.
  One simple approach to overcome this problem is Divided Saddle Theory. Such other methods as the Bennett Chandler procedure, and Milestoning have also been developed for rate constant calculations.