text: Medieval physicians routinely tasted urine and wrote discourses on their observations. Which physician originally thought that diabetes mellitus was a renal disorder because of glucose discharged in  urine is apparently now lost to history. The discovery of insulin eventually led to a diabetes management focus on the pancreas. Traditional foci of therapeutic strategies for diabetes have been on enhancing endogenous insulin secretion and on improving insulin sensitivity. 
  In the previous decade the role of the kidney in the development and maintenance of high glucose levels has been examined. The role of the kidney led to the development of drugs that inhibit the sodium/glucose transporter 2 protein. Every day approximately 180 grams of glucose are filtered through the glomeruli and lost into the primary urine in healthy adults, but more than 90% of the glucose that is initially filtered is reabsorbed by a high capacity system controlled by SGLT-2 in the early convoluted segment of the proximal tubules. Almost all remaining filtered glucose is reabsorbed by sodium/glucose transporter 1 so under normal circumstances almost all filtered glucose will be reabsorbed and less than 100 mg of glucose finds its way into the urine of non-diabetic individuals.