text: For solid materials with a significant length, like rods or cables, an estimate of the amount of thermal expansion can be described by the material strain, given by  and defined as:
  where  is the length before the change of temperature and  is the length after the change of temperature.
  For most solids, thermal expansion is proportional to the change in temperature:
  Thus, the change in either the strain or temperature can be estimated by:
  where
  is the difference of the temperature between the two recorded strains, measured in degrees Fahrenheit, degrees Rankine, degrees Celsius, or kelvin, and  is the linear coefficient of thermal expansion in "per degree Fahrenheit", "per degree Rankine", "per degree Celsius", or "per kelvin", denoted by , , , or , respectively. In the field of continuum mechanics, thermal expansion and its effects are treated as eigenstrain and eigenstress.