text: * by drugs: pharmacotherapy, chemotherapy (also, medical therapy often means specifically pharmacotherapy)
  * by medical devices: implantation
  ** cardiac resynchronization therapy
  * by specific molecules: molecular therapy (although most drugs are specific molecules, molecular medicine refers in particular to medicine relying on molecular biology)
  ** by specific biomolecular targets: targeted therapy
  *** molecular chaperone therapy
  ** by chelation: chelation therapy
  * by specific chemical elements:
  ** by metals:
  *** by heavy metals:
  **** by gold: chrysotherapy (aurotherapy)
  **** by platinum-containing drugs: platin therapy
  *** by biometals
  **** by lithium: lithium therapy
  **** by potassium: potassium supplementation
  **** by magnesium: magnesium supplementation
  **** by chromium: chromium supplementation; phonemic neurological hypochromium therapy
  **** by copper: copper supplementation
  ** by nonmetals:
  *** by diatomic oxygen: oxygen therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (hyperbaric medicine)
  **** transdermal continuous oxygen therapy
  *** by triatomic oxygen (ozone): ozone therapy
  *** by fluoride: fluoride therapy
  *** by other gases: medical gas therapy
  * by water:
  ** hydrotherapy
  ** aquatic therapy
  ** rehydration therapy
  *** oral rehydration therapy
  ** water cure (therapy)
  * by biological materials (biogenic substances, biomolecules, biotic materials, natural products), including their synthetic equivalents: biotherapy
  ** by whole organisms
  *** by viruses: virotherapy
  *** by bacteriophages: phage therapy
  *** by animal interaction: see animal interaction section
  ** by constituents or products of organisms
  *** by plant parts or extracts (but many drugs are derived from plants, even when the term phytotherapy is not used)
  **** scientific type: phytotherapy
  **** traditional (prescientific) type: herbalism
  *** by animal parts: quackery involving shark fins, tiger parts, and so on, often driving threat or endangerment of species
  *** by genes: gene therapy
  **** gene therapy for epilepsy
  **** gene therapy for osteoarthritis
  **** gene therapy for color blindness
  **** gene therapy of the human retina
  **** gene therapy in Parkinson's disease
  *** by epigenetics: epigenetic therapy
  *** by proteins: protein therapy (but many drugs are proteins despite not being called protein therapy)
  *** by enzymes: enzyme replacement therapy
  *** by hormones: hormone therapy
  **** hormonal therapy (oncology)
  **** hormone replacement therapy
  ***** estrogen replacement therapy
  ***** androgen replacement therapy
  ***** hormone replacement therapy (menopause)
  ***** transgender hormone therapy
  ****** feminizing hormone therapy
  ****** masculinizing hormone therapy
  **** antihormone therapy
  ***** androgen deprivation therapy
  *** by whole cells: cell therapy (cytotherapy)
  **** by stem cells: stem cell therapy
  **** by immune cells: see immune system products below
  *** by immune system products: immunotherapy, host modulatory therapy
  **** by immune cells:
  ***** T-cell vaccination
  ***** cell transfer therapy
  ***** autologous immune enhancement therapy
  ***** TK cell therapy
  **** by humoral immune factors: antibody therapy
  ***** by whole serum: serotherapy, including antiserum therapy
  ***** by immunoglobulins: immunoglobulin therapy
  ****** by monoclonal antibodies: monoclonal antibody therapy
  ** by urine: urine therapy (some scientific forms; many prescientific or pseudoscientific forms)
  ** by food and dietary choices:
  *** medical nutrition therapy
  *** grape therapy (quackery)
  * by salts (but many drugs are the salts of organic acids, even when drug therapy is not called by names reflecting that)
  ** by salts in the air
  *** by natural dry salt air: "taking the cure" in desert locales (especially common in prescientific medicine; for example, one 19th-century way to treat tuberculosis)
  *** by artificial dry salt air:
  **** low-humidity forms of speleotherapy
  **** negative air ionization therapy
  *** by moist salt air:
  **** by natural moist salt air: seaside cure (especially common in prescientific medicine)
  **** by artificial moist salt air: water vapor forms of speleotherapy
  ** by salts in the water
  *** by mineral water: spa cure ("taking the waters") (especially common in prescientific medicine)
  *** by seawater: seaside cure (especially common in prescientific medicine)
  * by aroma: aromatherapy
  * by other materials with mechanism of action unknown
  ** by occlusion with duct tape: duct tape occlusion therapy