text: The four reactions in the Cu–Cl cycle are listed as follows:
  #2 Cu + 2 HCl(g) → 2 CuCl(l) + H(g) (430–475 °C)
  #2 CuCl + HO(g) → CuOCl + 2 HCl(g) (400 °C)
  #2 CuOCl → 4 CuCl + O(g) (500 °C)
  #2 CuCl → CuCl(aq) + Cu (ambient-temperature electrolysis)
  : Net reaction: 2 HO → 2 H + O
  : Legend: (g)—gas; (l)—liquid; (aq)—aqueous solution; the balance of the species are in a solid phase. 
  Atomic Energy of Canada Limited has demonstrated experimentally a CuCl electrolyzer in which hydrogen is produced electrolytically at the cathode and Cu(I) is oxidized to Cu(II) at the anode, thereby combining above steps 1 and 4 to eliminate the intermediate production and subsequent transport of solid copper.
  Approximately 50% of the heat required to drive this reaction can be captured from the reaction itself.  The other heat can be provided by any suitable process.  Recent research has focused on a cogeneration scheme using the waste heat from nuclear reactors, specifically the CANDU supercritical water reactor.