text: Thiols react with this compound, cleaving the disulfide bond to give 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate (TNB), which ionizes to the TNB dianion in water at neutral and alkaline pH. This TNB ion has a yellow color.
  This reaction is rapid and stoichiometric, with the addition of one mole of thiol releasing one mole of TNB. The TNB is quantified in a spectrophotometer by measuring the absorbance of visible light at 412 nm, using an extinction coefficient of 14,150 M cm for dilute buffer solutions, and a coefficient of 13,700 M cm for high salt concentrations, such as 6 M guanidinium hydrochloride or 8 M urea. Ellman's original 1959 publication estimated the molar extinction at 13,600 M cm, and this value can be found in some modern applications of the method despite improved determinations. Commercial DTNB may not be completely pure, so may require recrystallization to obtain completely accurate and reproducible results.
  Ellman's reagent can be used for measuring low-molecular mass thiols such as glutathione in both pure solutions and biological samples, such as blood. It can also measure the number of thiol groups on proteins.