text: Transforming C-H bonds into C-B bonds through borylation has been thoroughly investigated due to their utility in synthesis (i.e. for cross-coupling reactions). John F. Hartwig reported a highly regioselective arene and alkane borylation catalyzed by a rhodium complex.  In the case of alkanes, exclusive terminal functionalization was observed.
  Later, ruthenium catalysts were discovered to have higher activity and functional group compatibility.
  Other borylation catalysts have also been developed, including iridium-based catalysts, which successfully activate C-H bonds with high compatibility.
  For more information, consult borylation.