text: No process is possible whose sole result is the transfer of heat from a body of lower temperature to a body of higher temperature.
  This statement for N-coupled heat baths in steady state becomes
  A dynamical version of the II-law can be proven, based on Spohn's inequality:
  which is valid for any L-GKS generator, with a stationary state, .
  Consistency with thermodynamics can be employed to verify quantum dynamical models of transport. For example, local models for networks where local L-GKS equations are connected through weak links have been thought to violate the second law of thermodynamics. In 2018 has been shown that, by correctly taking into account all work and energy contributions in the full system, local master equations are fully coherent with the second law of thermodynamics