text: In cerebral infarction, the penumbra has decreased perfusion. Besides acute and chronic neurovascular diseases, the value of ASL has been demonstrated in brain tumors, epilepsy and neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia and Parkinson disease. Additionally, DP-pCASL has promising potential for assessing blood-brain barrier integrity in patients with ischemic stroke.
  Although the primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, ASL is another method of obtaining contrast.
  There have been research to apply ASL to renal imaging, pancreas imaging, and placenta imaging. A challenge to these sort of non-cerebral perfusion is motion due to breathing. Additionally, there is a lot less development on the segmentation of theses specific organs, so the studies are relatively small scale.