text: * Water disinfection/decontamination, a form of solar water disinfection (SODIS). Adsorbents attract organics such as tetrachloroethylene. Adsorbents are placed in packed beds for 18 hours. Spent adsorbents are placed in regeneration fluid, essentially removing organics still attached by passing hot water opposite to the flow of water during adsorption. The regeneration fluid passes through fixed beds of silica gel photocatalysts to remove and decompose remaining organics.
  * self-sterilizing coatings (for application to food contact surfaces and in other environments where microbial pathogens spread by indirect contact). 
  *Magnetic  nanoparticle oxidation of organic contaminants agitated using a magnetic field.
  *Sterilization of surgical instruments and removal of fingerprints from electrical and optical components.