text: Pyroelectric biosensors generate an electric current as a result of a temperature change.  This differential induces a polarization in the substance, producing a dipole moment in the direction of the temperature gradient.  The result is a net voltage across the material.  This net voltage can be calculated by the following equation.
  where V = Voltage,
  ω = angular frequency of the modulated incident,
  P = pyroelectric coefficient,
  L = film thickness,
  ε = film dielectric constant,
  A = area of film,
  r = resistance of the film,
  C = capacitance of the film,
  τE = electrical time constant of the detector output.