text: Secondary production is the generation of biomass of heterotrophic (consumer) organisms in a system.  This is driven by the transfer of organic material between trophic levels, and represents the quantity of new tissue created through the use of assimilated food.  Secondary production is sometimes defined to only include consumption of primary producers by herbivorous consumers (with tertiary production referring to carnivorous consumers), but is more commonly defined to include all biomass generation by heterotrophs.
  Organisms responsible for secondary production include animals, protists, fungi and many bacteria.
  Secondary production can be estimated through a number of different methods including increment summation, removal summation, the instantaneous growth method and the Allen curve method. The choice between these methods will depend on the assumptions of each and the ecosystem under study.  For instance, whether cohorts should be distinguished, whether linear mortality can be assumed and whether population growth is exponential.
  Net ecosystem production is defined as the difference between gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration. The formula to calculate net ecosystem production is NEP = GPP - respiration (by autotrophs) - respiration (by heterotrophs). The key difference between NPP and NEP is that NPP focuses primarily on autotrophic production, whereas NEP incorporates the contributions of other aspects of the ecosystem to the total carbon budget.