text: Subsequent research on DNA computing has produced [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8642913 reversible DNA computing], bringing the technology one step closer to the silicon-based computing used in (for example) PCs. In particular, [https://web.archive.org/web/20190201104419/https://users.cs.duke.edu/~reif/index.htm John Reif] and his group at Duke University have proposed two different techniques to reuse the computing DNA complexes. The first design uses dsDNA gates, while the second design uses DNA hairpin complexes.
  While both the designs face some issues (such as reaction leaks), this appears to represent a significant breakthrough in the field of DNA computing. Some other groups have also attempted to address the gate reusability problem.
  Using strand displacement reactions (SRDs), reversible proposals are presented in the [https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/7/1242 "Synthesis Strategy of Reversible Circuits on DNA Computers" paper]  for implementing reversible gates and circuits on DNA computers by combining DNA computing and reversible computing techniques. This paper also proposes a universal reversible gate library (URGL) for synthesizing n-bit reversible circuits on DNA computers with an average length and cost of the constructed circuits better than the previous methods.