text: This section summarizes the coefficients for some common materials.
  For isotropic materials the coefficients linear thermal expansion α and volumetric thermal expansion α are related by .
  For liquids usually the coefficient of volumetric expansion is listed and linear expansion is calculated here for comparison.
  For common materials like many metals and compounds, the thermal expansion coefficient is inversely proportional to the melting point.
  In particular, for metals the relation is:
  for halides and oxides
  In the table below, the range for α is from 10 K for hard solids to 10 K for organic liquids. The coefficient α varies with the temperature and some materials have a very high variation; see for example the variation vs. temperature of the volumetric coefficient for a semicrystalline polypropylene (PP) at different pressure, and the variation of the linear coefficient vs. temperature for some steel grades (from bottom to top: ferritic stainless steel, martensitic stainless steel, carbon steel, duplex stainless steel, austenitic steel). The highest linear coefficient in a solid has been reported for a Ti-Nb alloy.
  (The formula  is usually used for solids.)