text: Both methods of PG cooling surpass the Doppler limit and instead are limited by the one-photon recoil limit:
  Where M is the atomic mass.
  For a given detuning  and Rabi frequency , dependent on the light intensity, both configurations display a similar scaling at low intensity () and large detuning ():
  Where  is a dimensionless constant dependent on the configuration and atomic species. See ref  for a full derivation of these results.