text: Ions can be non-chemically prepared using various ion sources, usually involving high voltage or temperature. These are used in a multitude of devices such as mass spectrometers, optical emission spectrometers, particle accelerators, ion implanters, and ion engines.
  As reactive charged particles, they are also used in air purification by disrupting microbes, and in household items such as smoke detectors.
  As signalling and metabolism in organisms are controlled by a precise ionic gradient across membranes, the disruption of this gradient contributes to cell death. This is a common mechanism exploited by natural and artificial biocides, including the ion channels gramicidin and amphotericin (a fungicide).
  Inorganic dissolved ions are a component of total dissolved solids, a widely known indicator of water quality.