text: In a 2022 study by Chaudhary et al., aquasomes were explored for delivery of the drug dithranol, which is a treatment for psoriasis. A limitation of the practical application of free dithranol in the treatment of psoriasis is its degradation when encountering oxygen, light, alkaline pH, and heavy metallic elements, leading to the exploration of aquasomes as a delivery system for dithranol to overcome these limitations. Aquasomes displayed a 72% drug entrapment efficiency for dithranol, and drug release studies showed 55% release within 12 hours in vitro and good deposition of the drug ex vivo, indicating a strong controlled release profile for dithranol-loaded aquasomes. This study indicates support for aquasomes as a drug delivery system due to their ability to stabilize easily degradable drugs such as dithranol, while also providing controlled drug release profiles. 
  In a 2019 study by Kutlehria et al., aquasomes were explored for the oral delivery of the drug bromelain, which inhibits platelet aggregation and modulates anti-inflammatory cytokines, and has shown anti-tumor activity. A challenge in the administration of bromelain has been its limited ability to reach the site of therapeutic action before it degrades. The water-absorbent nature of aquasomes allows for the aqueous transfer of bromelain. The Kutlehria et al. study demonstrated desirable drug-carrying properties for bromelain-loaded aquasomes, such as a drug entrapment efficiency of 72% to 79% and sustained release in vitro, showing promise as an oral delivery mechanism to increase the bioavailability of bromelain. Such applications may be useful for the transport and targeting of poorly soluble drugs, enabled by the structure and polysaccharide coating of aquasomes.
  Dual drug delivery is another application of aquasomes enabled by their structure. Dual drug delivery systems can deliver two drugs simultaneously, and aim to enhance the therapeutic efficiency and reduce the side effects of the drugs delivered. Such systems can be useful in treating patients suffering from multiple diseases. Challenges in dual drug delivery include independently controlling release rates of each of the drugs loaded in the system. In a 2019 study by Damera et al., aquasomes were used to deliver bovine serum albumin (BSA) in combination with one of three therapeutic drugs (C153, WAR, and IBU), allowing release of a bioactive molecule and a hydrophobic drug simultaneously. Damera et al. suggested that dual drug delivery was enabled by the bioactive molecule layer of the aquasome being BSA. This BSA layer interacted with the hydrophobic therapeutic drugs, and the strength of the binding interactions was shown to affect the release behaviors of the drugs. Dual drug delivery with aquasomes thus shows promise for treatment of patients with coexisting diseases alongside hypoalbuminemia, as the albumin from BSA can treat the hypoalbuminemia while the additional drug treats the disease.