text: The addition of hydrogen and an amino group (NR) using reagents other than the amine HNR is known as a "formal hydroamination" reaction.  Although the advantages of atom economy and/or ready available of the nitrogen source are diminished as a result, the greater thermodynamic driving force, as well as ability to tune the aminating reagent are potentially useful.  In place of the amine, hydroxylamine esters and nitroarenes have been reported as nitrogen sources.