text: The theorem is also useful on a more microscopic scale, in biology. Living systems, such as cells, can be analyzed thermodynamically. They are rather complex systems, where many energy transformations occur, and they often waste heat. Hence, the Gouy-Stodola theorem may be useful, in certain situations, to perform exergy analysis on such systems. In particular, it may help to highlight differences between healthy and diseased cells. 
  Generally, the theorem may find applications in fields of biomedicine, or where biology and physics cross over, such as biochemical engineering thermodynamics.