text: Hydrotropes have a low bioaccumulation potential, as the octanol-water partition coefficient  is <1.0. Studies have found hydrotopes to be very slightly volatile, with vapor pressures <2.0x10-5 Pa. They are aerobically biodegradable.  Removal via the secondary wastewater treatment process of activated sludge is >94%.  Acute toxicity studies on fish show an LC50 >400 mg active ingredient (a.i.)/L.  For Daphnia, the EC50 is >318 mg a.i./L.  The most sensitive species is green algae with EC50 values in the range of 230–236 mg a.i./ L and No Observed Effect Concentrations (NOEC)  in the range of 31–75 mg  a.i./L. The aquatic Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) was found to be 0.23 mg a.i./L. The Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC)/PNEC ratio has been determined to be < 1 and, therefore, hydrotropes in household laundry and cleaning products have been determined to not be an environmental concern.