text: In a report by the Nordic Council of Ministers, the total annual health-related costs associated with human exposure to PFASs were estimated to be at least €52–84 billion in the European Economic Area (EEA) countries. Aggregated annual costs covering environmental screening, monitoring where contamination is found, water treatment, soil remediation and health assessment total €821 million – 170 billion in the EEA plus Switzerland.
  In the United States, estimated PFAS-attributable disease costs amount to 6–62 billion US$. Studies have estimated the annual healthcare costs in the United States of each of some of the major diseases attributed to PFAS.