text: Counter-immunoelectrophoresis and its modification
  In comparison to other conventional methods of diagnosis e.g. for viral infection testing, counter-immunoelectrophoresis is a highly specific, simple, and speedy method that does not require sophisticated, expensive tools, input materials, or long-term capacity building. Considering the high informativeness of counter-immunoelectrophoresis, the results in practice can be dubious at times. As a result, by using a manufactured amphiphilic fluorescein-containing copolymer to increase the antigen and antibody interaction, counter-immunoelectrophoresis procedures can be improved. The use of the fluorescein copolymer-antigen mixture improved the association with plasma levels antibodies of animals immunized against hemorrhage illness and enhanced protein concentration in the precipitated zone, according to the findings. The capability of the amphiphilic fluorescein copolymer to boost antigen-antibody association and see the fluorescent accumulation domain may improve the efficiency of counter-immunoelectrophoresis for infectious disease rapid diagnosis.
  Immunomethods
  The terminologies, immune-methods and immune-chemical techniques refer to a variety of immunoelectrophoresis processes whose results are identified using antibodies and immunological methodologies. As a result, immunomethods' great sensitivity is a beneficial compared to the great expense of utilizing antibodies. Many different types of agarose electrophoresis are used to see how proteins travel under diverse circumstances. Proteins are recognized after the timer has expired by incubating gels with certain antibodies, which are then stained with Comassie blue.
  Radial immunodiffusion
  The radial immunodiffusion is an immunoassay technique for determining the concentration of a particular protein in a mixture including other modules. It is made up of an agarose gel, just like the others. Furthermore, in this procedure, the materials are placed into round wells in the gel's core part and disperse through it, generating a deposition ring with a diameter relation to the number of unbound protein that has diffused.
  Identification of nanomaterial interaction with C3 protein complement and 2D immunoelectrophoresis
  2D immunoelectrophoresis is a potential method that can be used for a range of functions involving protein flow of migrants, such as the deep examination of protein opsonization, in succession of first dimension as an activity of protein molar mass and the second dimension as a role of the isoelectric point. Despite the fact that it contains a large number of proteins, each spot on the 2D gel will symbolize a particular protein with a specific molecular mass and feature.
  2D immunoelectrophoresis is also provided as a valuable implement for examining the stimulation of the signal transduction pathway, which is an essential factor in researching nanoparticles before in vivo delivery, because it will impact nanoparticle longevity, destination, and bio-distribution. This method employs two-dimensional horizontally agarose protein electrophoresis to specifically identify the association of nanoparticles with the C3 protein. Proteins can be separated in the first dimension according to their molecular mass (the shorter the protein, the far it drifts), and in the second dimension according to their abundance 
  Some limitations of immunoelectrophoresis
  Though immunoelectrophoresis has a number of benefits, it also has certain drawbacks, such as when compared to other methods of electrophoresis, such as immunofixation, this method is sluggish and less precise. It can be difficult to interpret the results. Several tiny monoclonal proteins may be harder to identify. The accessibility of particular antibodies limits its utility in analytical techniques. Traditional (classical or conventional) immunoelectrophoresis has a number of drawbacks, including the fact that it is time consuming and the protocol might take up to 3 days to finish, has limited specificity and sensitivity, and the results can be difficult to read. As a result, newer immunoelectrophoresis techniques have largely supplanted the conventional immunoelectrophoresis.