text: A SPARROW model is a SPAtially-Referenced Regression on Watershed attributes, which helps integrate water quality data with landscape information. More specifically the USGS used this model to display long-term changes within watersheds to further explain in-stream water measurement in relation to upstream sources, water quality, and watershed properties. These models predict data for various spatial scales and integrate streamflow data with water quality at numerous locations across the US. A SPARROW model used by the USGS focused on the nutrients in the Nation's major rivers and estuaries; this model helped create a better understanding of where nutrients come from, where they are transported to while in the water bodies, and where they end up (reservoirs, other estuaries, etc.).