text: Z-HIT, also denoted as ZHIT, Z-HIT relationship , is a bidirectional mathematical tranformation, connecting the two parts of a complex function, - i.e. its modulus and its phase. Z-HIT relations are somewhat similar to the Kramers–Kronig relations, where the real part can be computed from the imaginary part (or vice versa). In contrast to the Kramers–Kronig relations, in the Z-HIT the impedance modulus is computed from the course of the phase angle (or vice versa). The main practical advantage of Z-HIT relationships over Kramers–Kronig relationships is, that the Z-HIT integration limits do not require any extrapolation: instead, an intergration over the experimentally available frequency range provides accurate data.
  More specifically, the  angular frequency (ω) boundaries for computing one component of the complex function from the other one using the Kramers-Kronig relations, are ω=0 and ω=∞; these boundaries require extrapolation procedures of the measured impedance spectra. Concerning the ZHIT however, the computing of the course of the impedance modulus from the course of the phase shift can be performed within the measured frequency range, without the need of extrapolation. This avoids complications which may arise from the fact that impedance spectra can only be measured in a limited frequency range. Therefore, the Z-HIT-algorithm allows for verification of the stationarity of the measured test object as well as calculating the impedance values using the phase data. The latter property becomes important when drift effects are present in the impedance spectra which had to be detected or even removed when analysing and/or interpreting the spectra.
  Z-HIT relations find use in Dielectric spectroscopy and in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy.