text: Enzyme-based cleaners are especially useful for biofilm removal.  Bacteria are somewhat difficult to remove with traditional alkaline or acid cleaners.  Enzyme cleaners are more effective on biofilms since they work as proteases by breaking down proteins at bacterial attachment sites.  They work at maximum efficiency at high pH and at temperatures below 60 °C.  Enzyme cleaners are an increasingly attractive alternative to traditional chemical cleaners because of biodegradability and other environmental factors, such as reduced wastewater generation and energy savings from using cold water.  However, they are typically more expensive than alkaline or acid cleaners.