text: The Hiyama coupling can be applied to the formation of C-C (e.g. aryl–aryl) bonds as well as C-C (e.g. aryl–alkyl) bonds. Good synthetic yields are obtained with couplings of aryl halides, vinyl halides, and allylic halides and organo&shy;iodides afford the best yields. 
  The scope of this reaction was expanded to include closure of medium-sized rings by Scott E. Denmark.
  The coupling of alkyl halides with organo&shy;halo&shy;silanes as alternative organo&shy;silanes has also been performed. Organo&shy;chloro&shy;silanes allow couplings with aryl chlorides, which are abundant and generally more eco&shy;nomical than aryl iodides. A nickel catalyst allows for access to new reactivity of organo&shy;trifluoro&shy;silanes as reported by GC Fu et al. Secondary alkyl halides are coupled with aryl silanes with good yields using this reaction.