text: A comparison between a pulsed and non-pulsed dc current electrolysers was explored in 1993 by Shaaban, that demonstrated a non-pulsed current used the least electrical power. This opposes the previous and future works conducted.
  The experimental electrolyser separated the anolyte and catholyte compartments and used a 324-Naflon membrane to allow the ion exchange. The distance between the anode, made with platinum coated titanium, and the cathode, stainless steel, was 3mm and was immersed in a 10 weight percent sulfuric acid electrolyte.  He conducted tests under several different frequencies that included 0.01 Hz, 0.5 kHz, 5 kHz, i kHz, 10 kHz, 25 kHz, and 40 kHz and with four duty cycles, 10, 25, 50, and 80%.
  Initial observations revealed that the off-period resulted in a reversal in polarity, causing the reaction to reverse. This effected the cathode, which displayed a 2g loss after experimentation. A diode was input into the circuit to rectify the polarity. However, the cell was prevented from dropping to 0 V during the off-period, maintaining a higher value of 2.3V. This further impacted the experiment, distorting the square wave produced by the function generator Shaaban used, as the electrical potential provided needed to overcome the cell voltage of  2.3V before current could flow. Bokris et al. records that current would continue to flow, discharging ions from the EDL, but this was contradicted in this experiment. This only occurred when the diode was in place but it prevented a current spike in the duty cycle as well.
  With a 10% duty cycle at a 1 kHz pulse, temperature increases of nearly 7 °C greater than in the non-pulsed experimental electrolysis, were found. Temperature increases can prevent the circuit
  Calculating the power consumption, it was determined a non-pulsed current had power demand losses of 3.5%, and a pulsed current resulted in 13 - 16%  losses. It also opposes the idea from Bockris et al. that the effectiveness of non-pulsed dc current electrolysis increases by a factor of 2 when a pulsed current is applied.