text: The Taft equation is a linear free energy relationship (LFER) used in physical organic chemistry in the study of reaction mechanisms and in  the development of quantitative structure–activity relationships for organic compounds.  It was developed by Robert W. Taft in 1952 as a modification to the Hammett equation.  While the Hammett equation accounts for how field, inductive, and resonance effects influence reaction rates, the Taft equation also describes the steric effects of a substituent.  The Taft equation is written as:
  where  is the ratio of the rate of the substituted reaction compared to the reference reaction, ρ* is the sensitivity factor for the reaction to polar effects, σ* is the polar substituent constant that describes the field and inductive effects of the substituent, δ is the sensitivity factor for the reaction to steric effects, and E is the steric substituent constant.