text: Due to sulfur's high covalence, it can form up to 6 chemical bonds with other elements such as oxygen, resulting in a large number of oxidation states. Thus, there exist several redox reactions involving sulfur compounds. This freedom allows numerous chemical steps with different entropy changes, increasing the odds of meeting the criteria for a thermochemical cycle. 
  Much of the initial research was conducted in the United States, with sulfate- and sulfide-based cycles studied at Kentucky University, the Los Alamos National Laboratory and General Atomics. Significant research based on sulfates (e.g., FeSO and CuSO) was conducted in Germany and Japan. The sulfur-iodine cycle, discovered by General Atomics, has been proposed as a way of supplying a hydrogen economy without the need for hydrocarbons.