text: Non-B DNA can have significant implications for DNA biology and human health. For example, Z-DNA has been implicated in immunity and autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and arthritis. H-DNA has been implicated in genomic instability and cancer, and G-quadruplexes have been linked to telomere maintenance, oncogene activation, and cancer. Triplexes have been associated with genetic diseases, such as fragile X syndrome and Huntington's disease.