text: When the host and guest molecules combine to form a single complex, the equilibrium is represented as
  and the equilibrium constant, K, is defined as
  where [X] denotes the concentration of a chemical species X (all activity coefficients are assumed to have a numerical values of 1).
  The mass-balance equations, at any data point, 
  where  and  represent the total concentrations, of host and guest, can be reduced to a single quadratic equation in, say, [G] and so can be solved analytically for any given value of K. The concentrations [H] and [HG] can then derived. 
  The next step in the calculation is to calculate the value, , of a quantity corresponding to the quantity observed . Then, a sum of squares, U, over all data points, np, can be defined as 
  and this can be minimized with respect to the stability constant value, K, and a parameter such the chemical shift of the species HG (nmr data) or its molar absorbency (uv/vis data). The minimization can be performed in a spreadsheet application such as EXCEL by using the in-built SOLVER utility.
  This procedure is applicable to 1:1 adducts.