text: It has been found that dsRNA can also activate gene expression, a mechanism that has been termed "small RNA-induced gene activation" or RNAa. It has been shown that dsRNAs targeting gene promoters induce potent transcriptional activation of associated genes. RNAa was demonstrated in human cells using synthetic dsRNAs, termed "small activating RNAs" (saRNAs). It is currently not known how conserved RNAa is in other organisms. One report in the Aedes aegypti mosquito has shown there is some evidence for RNAa and can be achieved by short or long dsRNAs targeting promoter regions.