text: * On a prepared mould surface as a sample, permeability can be checked with use of a mould permeability attachment to permeability meter, readings such obtained are of relative permeability, and not absolute permeability. The relative permeability reading on a mould surface is only used to gauge sample-to-sample variation.
  * On standard specimen as a sample
  ** For sands that can be compressed, e.g.: bentonite-bonded sand, also known as green sand, a compressed or rammed sample is used to check permeability.
  ** For sand that cannot be compressed, e.g.: Resin-coated sands, a freely filled sample is used. To check such a sample, user may have to use an attachment to the permeability meter called a core permeability tube.
  The absolute permeability number, which has no units, is determined by the rate of flow of air, under standard pressure, through a rammed cylindrical specimen. DIN standards define the specimen dimensions to be 50 mm in diameter and 50 mm tall, while the American Foundry Society defines it to be two inches in diameter and two inches tall. rammed cylindrical specimen.
  formula is
  PN = (VxH)/PxAxT
  where
  * V = volume of air in ml passing through the specimen
  * H = Height of the specimen in cm
  * A = Cross sectional area of specimen in cm2
  * P = Pressure of air in cm of water
  * T = Time in minutes
  American Foundry Society has also released a chart where back pressure (P) from a rammed specimen placed on a permeability meter is correlated with a Permeability number. The Permeability number so measured is used in foundries for recording permeability value.