text: The pneumatic motor was first applied to the field of transportation in the mid-19th century.  Though little is known about the first recorded compressed-air vehicle, it is said that the Frenchmen Andraud and Tessie of Motay ran a car powered by a pneumatic motor on a test track in Chaillot, France, on 9 July 1840.  Although the car test was reported to have been successful, the pair did not explore further expansion of the design.
  The first successful application of the pneumatic motor in transportation was the Mekarski system air engine used in locomotives.  Mekarski's innovative engine overcame cooling that accompanies air expansion by heating air in a small boiler prior to use.  The Tramway de Nantes, located in Nantes, France, was noted for being the first to use Mekarski engines to power their fleet of locomotives.  The tramway began operation on December 13, 1879, and continues to operate today, although the pneumatic trams were replaced in 1917 by more efficient and modern electrical trams.
  American Charles Hodges also found success with pneumatic motors in the locomotive industry.  In 1911 he designed a pneumatic locomotive and sold the patent to the H.K. Porter Company in Pittsburgh for use in coal mines. Because pneumatic motors do not use combustion they were a much safer option in the coal industry.
  Many companies claim to be developing compressed-air cars, but none are actually available for purchase or even independent testing.