text: Tests for antibiotic effectiveness against E. coli, A. fecalis, B. subtilis, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa were negative. Also, no inhibitory action was shown against A. niger, A. flavis, P. crustosum, F. graminearum, F. moniliforme, Alternara sp., and Cladosporium sp.  However, some insecticidal activity has been shown in one study, possibly showing some use as an insecticide for food crops.  In mammalian (mice lung cell) studies, brevianamide A has shown to induce cytoxicity in cells.  Furthermore, ELISA assays showed elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-A), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), and interleukin 6 (IL-6).  Therefore, brevianamide A may not be a suitable insecticide in food crops.