text: Many catalysts have been evaluated for both the O-evolution and the reductive sides of the process.  Those listed below, which includes both oxidizer and reducers, are not practical but illustrative.
  * photocatalysts.  solid solution catalyze hydrogen production from water splitting under sunlight irradiation. 
  *Nitrogen-doped and cadmium selenide quantum dots-sensitized titanium dioxide nanoparticles and nanowires, also yielded photoproduced hydrogen.
  *Cobalt phosphate.
  *Inexpensive iron carbonyl complexes catalyze hydrogen evolution. Gold electrode covered with layers of indium phosphide to which iron carbonyl compounds to achieve photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. 
  *Bismuth vanadate
   Similar to natural photosynthesis, such artificial leaves can use a tandem of light absorbers for overall water splitting or CO reduction. These integrated systems can be assembled on lightweight, flexible substrates, resulting in floating devices resembling lotus leaves.
  *Metal-Organic Framework (MOF)-based materials have been shown to be a highly promising candidate for water oxidation with first row transition metals. The stability and tunability of this system is projected to be highly beneficial for future development.