text: Carbene radicals are a special class of organometallic carbenes. The carbene radical can be formed by one-electron reduction of Fischer-type carbenes using an external reducing agent, or directly upon carbene formation at an open-shell transition metal complex (in particular low-spin cobalt(II) complexes) using diazo compounds and related carbene precursors.
  Cobalt(III)-carbene radicals have found catalytic applications in cyclopropanation reactions, as well as in a variety of other catalytic radical-type ring-closing reactions.
  Theoretical calculations and EPR studies confirmed their radical-type behaviour and explained the bonding interactions underlying the stability of the carbene radical.
  Stable carbene radicals of other metals are known, but the catalytically relevant cobalt(III)-carbene radicals have thus far only been synthesized as long-lived reactive intermediates.